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13008.pdf	IS 13008 : 1990 (Reaffirmed 2001) Edition 1.1 (1997-09) Indian Standard SHALLOW CORRUGATED ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEETS — SPECIFICATION (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) UDC 691.328.5 - 417.2 © BIS 2003 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 2Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. The Bureau of Indian Standards has formulated a number of Indian standards on asbestos cement products. Of late asbestos cement corrugated sheets with shallow corrugation are also finding their use in this country. Therefore, it is felt necessary to bring out a specification for this product. This specification covers the dimensional requirements, physical and mechanical characteristics of asbestos cement corrugated sheets with shallow corrugations. Requirements for standard corrugated and semi-corrugated sheets are covered in IS 459 : 1970 ‘Unreinforced corrugated and semi-corrugated asbestos cement sheets (second revision)’. Guidance regarding laying and fixing of such sheets is given in IS 3007 (Part 1) : 1964 ‘Code of practice for laying of asbestos cement sheets : Part 1 Corrugated sheets’. In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from ISO 393/1-1983 Asbestos cement products — Part 1 Corrugated sheets and fittings for roofing and cladding. The composition of the technical committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given in Annex B. This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (September 1997). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 13008 : 1990 Indian Standard SHALLOW CORRUGATED ASBESTOS CEMENT SHEETS — SPECIFICATION 1 SCOPE measurements regularly spaced over the length of the sheet with a micrometer. 1.1This standard covers the requirements for materials, dimensions and tests for shallow Calculate for each corrugation, the corrugated asbestos cement sheets. arithmetic mean of the three measurements which shall be in accordance with Table 1. 2 REFERENCES Table 1 Dimensions and Tolerances of 2.1The Indian Standard listed in Annex A are Shallow Corrugated Sheets necessary adjuncts to this standard. ( Clauses 5.1, 5.1.2 and 5.1.3 ) 3 COMPOSITION All dimensions in millimetres. 3.1The products shall be composed of an inert aggregate consisting of clean asbestos fibre, Sl Characteristic Nominal Tolerance including suitable other fibres, cemented No. Dimension together either by 33 grade ordinary Portland i) Depth of corrugation, D 20 ± 2.0 cement conforming to IS 269 : 1989 or 43 grade ii) Pitch of corrugation, P 75 ± 1.5 ordinary Portland cement conforming to iii) Overall width, B 1 015 + 10 IS8112 : 1989 or 53 grade ordinary Portland – 5 cement conforming to IS 12269 : 1987 or Portland slag cement conforming to IS 455 : iv) Nominal thickness, T 4.2 + Free 1989 or Portland pozzolana cement conforming – 0.2 to IS1489 (Part 1) : 1991 or IS 1489 (Part 2) : v) Length of sheet, A 1 500   1991. Pozzolanic materials, pigments and 1 750  ± 10 fillers which are compatible with asbestos 2 000  cement may be added. 2 250  NOTE — In case of Portland pozzolana cement, further NOTE — By mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the sheets may be supplied in addition of pozzolanic materials shall not be permitted. lengths and widths other than those specified in the table. 4 COLOURING MATTER 4.1The sheets may be left in their natural colour or colouring matter may be added in the composition. Pigments which are embodied in asbestos cement for colouring purposes shall be of permanent colour and shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards. For guidance in ascertaining the colour and staining power of the pigment, IS 5913 : 1989 may be referred to. 5 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES 5.1The sheets shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances given in Table 1 and Fig. 1. 5.1.1For the purpose of measuring the thickness, a dial thickness gauge having an anvil shown in Fig. 2 shall be used. Thickness measurement shall be made along the width at each end of the sheet. Measure at least three corrugation at each end of the sheet excluding side laps. Thickness shall be measured at a distance not less than 20 mm from the edge. Each individual measurement shall be not less than the minimum value specified in Table 1. 5.1.2The depth of corrugation shall be measured with the help of a depth gauge as follows : Select three complete corrugations on a sheet. On each of them take three FIG. 1 SHALLOW CORRUGATED SHEETS 1IS 13008 : 1990 and minimum inspection lots shall be as follows: a)8000 and 400 sheets respectively, for lengths less than or equal to 1 500 mm; and b)3000 and 200 sheets respectively, for lengths exceeding 1 500 mm FIG. 2 ANVIL FOR MEASURING THICKNESS 9 INSPECTION AND MANUFACTURER’S 5.1.3The pitch of corrugation shall be CERTIFICATE measured as follows: 9.1The purchaser or his representative shall The total length over any six consecutive have access at all reasonable times to the pitches shall be measured and the length manufacturer’s stock area for the purpose of measured over these six pitches shall not inspecting the materials and products, and vary from six times the pitch specified in selecting and testing the sheets, which shall be Table 1 by the tolerance given. so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily 6 PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL with the loading in the carriers. PROPERTIES 9.2The manufacturer shall, upon request, 6.1 Load Bearing Capacity furnish the purchaser or his representative with a certificate that the finished products The load bearing capacity of shallow corrugated comply with this specification in all respects. sheets shall be not less than 1.8 Newton per millimeter width of the specimen when tested 10 TESTING FACILITIES according to the method described in 10.1The manufacturer shall, in all cases and at IS5913:1989. his own expense, supply labour and appliances 6.2 Impermeability for such tests as may be carried out in his The specimen shall not show during 24 hours of premises in accordance with this specification. test any formation of drops of water except 11 MARKING traces of moisture on the lower surface when tested according to the method described in 11.1Each sheet shall be legibly and indelibly IS5913 : 1989. stamped or marked by any suitable method with the following information: 7 FINISH a)Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, 7.1The finished product, when delivered, shall b)Year and date of manufacture, and have a rectangular shape, smooth surface on c)Pictorial warning sign as given in the weathering side, a good appearance and IS12081 (Part 2) : 1987. shall be free from visible defects. The corrugations shall be true and regular. The 11.2Each sheet may also be marked with the edges of the sheets shall be straight and clean. Standard Mark. 8 SAMPLING 12 SAFETY RULES SHEET 8.1The sampling, inspection and acceptance 12.1All delivery of shallow corrugated asbestos shall be in accordance with IS 7639 : 1975. cement sheets by the manufacturer shall be Unless otherwise agreed to between the accompanied by safety rules sheets as given in manufacturer and the purchaser, the maximum IS 11769 (Part 1) : 1987. 2IS 13008 : 1990 ANNEX A ( Clause 2.1 ) LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 269 : 1989 33 Grade Ordinary Portland 7639 : 1975 Methods of sampling of asbestos cement ( fourth revision ) cement products 8112 : 1989 Specification for 43 grade 455 : 1989 Specification for Portland slag ordinary Portland cement (first cement (fourth revision) revision) 11769 Guideline for safe use of 1489 Specification for Portland- (Part 1) : 1987products containing asbestos : (Part 1) : 1991pozzolana cement : Part 1 Flyash Part 1 Asbestos cement products based ( third revision ) 12081 Recommendations for pictorial 1489 Specification for Portland- (Part 2) : 1987warning signs and (Part 2) : 1991pozzolana cement : Part 2 precautionary notices for Calcined clay based (third asbestos and products revision) containing asbestos : Part 2 Asbestos and its products 5913 : 1989 Methods of test for asbestos 12269 : 1987 Specification for 53 grade cement products (first revision) Ordinary Portland cement ANNEX B ( Foreword ) COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2 Chairman Representing DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA In personal capacity (University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247667) Members SHRI H. BHATTACHARYA Orissa Cement Limited, New Delhi DR A. K. CHATTERJEE The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. H. SUBRAMANIAN ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER (DESIGNS) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (S & S) ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER, NAVAGAM DAM Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Ltd, Gandhinagar SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER QCC ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER (RESEARCH-cum-DIRECTOR) Irrigation and Power Research Institute, Amritsar RESEARCH OFFICER (CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY) ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINT DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR (CMDD) (N & W) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR (CMDD) (NW & S) ( Alternate ) SHRI K. H. GANGWAL Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI V. PATTABHI ( Alternate ) SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Ghaziabad SHRI S. GOPINATH The India Cements Ltd, Madras SHRI R. TAMILAKARAN ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. GUHA THAKURTA Gannon Dunkerley & Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. P. SANKARANARAYANAN ( Alternate ) DR IRSHAD MASOOD Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B & S) (CB-I) Research, Designs & Standards Organization (Ministry of JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B & S) (CB-II) ( Alternate ) Railways), Lucknow SHRI N. G. JOSHI Indian Hume Pipes Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI P. D. KELKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI D. K. KANUNGO National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. R. MEENA ( Alternate ) SHRI R. L. KAPOOR Ministry of Transport, Department of Surface Transport SHRI R. K. SAXENA ( Alternate ) (Roads Wing), New Delhi SHRI P. KRISHNAMURTHY Larsen and Toubro Limited, Bombay SHRI S. CHAKRAVARTHY ( Alternate ) SHRI G. K. MAJUMDAR Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation (India) Ltd, SHRI S. O. RANGARI ( Alternate ) New Delhi SHRI P. N. MEHTA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI J. S. SANGANERIA ( Alternate ) MEMBER-SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi DIRECTOR (CIVIL) ( Alternate ) 3IS 13008 : 1990 Members Representing DR A. K. MULLICK National Council for Cement and Building Materials, DR S. C. AHLUWALIA ( Alternate ) New Delhi SHRI NIRMAL SIGH Development Commissioner for Cement Industry (Ministry of SHRI S. S. MIGLANI ( Alternate ) Industry) SHRI R. C. PARATE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters LT-COL R. K. SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI H. S. PASRICHA Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PHULL Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI S. S. SEEHRA ( Alternate ) SHRI Y. R. PHULL Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi SHRI K. B. THANDEVAN ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMDAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi DR M. RAMAIH Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Madras DR A. G. MADHAVA RAO ( Alternate ) REPRESENTATIVE Builders Association of India, Bombay SHRI A. U. RIJHSINGHANI Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi SHRI C. S. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI J. SEN GUPTA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI A. K. LAL ( Alternate ) SHRI T. N. SUBBA RAO Gammon India Limited, Bombay SHRI S. A. REDDI ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGNS) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (S. M. R. DIVISION) ( Alternate ) SHBI S. B. SURI Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI N. CHANDRASEKARAN ( Alternate ) DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta SHRI D. C. CHATTURVEDI ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member) Director (Civ Engg) Secretary SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY Joint Director (Civ Engg), BIS Fibre Reinforced Cement Products Subcommittee, CED 2 : 3 Convener DR C. RAJKUMAR National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi Members SHRI S. K. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta SHRI N. G. BASAK Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI P. K. JAIN ( Alternate ) SHRI S. N. BASU Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals SHRI T. N. UBOVEJA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. R. BHANDARI Shree Digvijay Cement Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI D. N. SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI S. GANAPATHY Ramco Industries Ltd, Madras SHRI S. S. GOENKA Sarbamangala Industries, Calcutta SHRI I. P. GOENKA ( Alternate ) SHRI MOTWANI GURBUX All India Small Scale A.C. Pressures Pipe Manufacturer’s SHRI H. R. OZA ( Alternate ) Association, Hyderabad SHRI SRINIVASAN N. IYER Everest Building Products Ltd, Bombay DR V. G. UPADHYAYA ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B & S)/CB-I Research, Designs & Standards Organization, Lucknow JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B & S)/CB-II ( Alternate ) SHRI P. S. KALANI Kalani Asbestos Cement Pvt Ltd, Indore SHRI SAURABH KALANI ( Alternate ) DR KALYAN DAS Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee SHRI K. D. DHARIYAL ( Alternate ) LT-COL KAMLESH PRAKASH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters LT-COL A. K. BANGIA ( Alternate ) SHRI P. N MEHTA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI V. K. KASLIWAL ( Alternate ) SHRI V. PATTABHI Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI A. K. GUPTA ( Alternate ) DR N. RAGHAVENDRA National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi SHRI RAJ KUMAR Development Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, SHRI S. C. KUMAR ( Alternate ) New Delhi SHRI J. SEN GUPTA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SUPTD. SURVEYOR OF WORKS (CZ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SURVEYOR OF WORKS (CZ) ( Alternate ) SHRI S. A. SWAMY Municipal Corporation, Delhi 4Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc:No. CED 02 (4524) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 September 1997 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg  323 76 17  NEW DELHI 110002  323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi  3378499, 33785 61  KOLKATA700054  3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843  602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113  2350216, 2350442   2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)  8329295, 8327858  MUMBAI 400093  8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM.
6532.pdf	1S: 6532- 1972 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OBSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF UPLIFT PRESSURE PIPES FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATIONS ( Third Reprint JUNE 1988 ) IJDC 621.643.%986:626/627 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002I6 : 6!532- 1972 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OBSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF UPLIFT PRESSURE PIPES FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATIONS Instrumentation Sectional Committee, BDC 60 Chairman Rcpressnling SHRI B. S. KAPRE* Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik Members RESEARCH OFFICER ( AfIcrnate to Shri B. S. Kapre ) DRB. K. A~ARWALA National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI B. S. BHALLA Beas Designs Organization, Nangal Township DR G. P. MALHOTRA( Alkrnde ) SI-IRIN . M. CHA~CRABORTY Damodar Valley Corporation, Dhanbad CHIEFE NGINEERt IRRIGATIO)N Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu SHRI P. KUMARASWAM( YA lkrnutc ) SHRIP. P. DW~VEDI Central Scientific Instruments Organization ( CSIR ), Chandigarh SHRXP . GOS~AMI Philips India Limited, Bombay &RI K. Brrsu ( Alternate) SIiRI I. P. KAPILA Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi SHRI R. RAJARAXAN( Alkrnarc) SHRI Z. M. KARACHIWALA Vasi Shumg & Co Pvt Ltd, Bombay KUMARAI . MANI Metyzo#;;: Department, Government of India, SHRI V. N. NAGARAJA Ministry of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi SI-XRRI . G. PATEL Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat SHRI J. R~~ULINGAM Central Water & Power Commission! New Delhi SHRI K. S. RAO Electroniw Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad S~nr H. C. VERMA Associated Instruments Manufacturers ( India ) Pvt c Ltd, New D$bi SHRI K. G. PURANG ( Akrnutc ) SHRI D. AJITHAS ~~HA, Director General, BIS ( Ex&i& Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Sccrcta~ SHRI G. RAMAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS lS ti B. S. i(opre was the chairmanf or the meeting in which this -standard was fmsliaed. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3 NEW DEL31 110002I6 : 6532- 1972 hdian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OBSERVATION AND MAINTENANCE OF UPLIFT PRESiXJRE PIPES FOR HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATIONS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 25 February 1972, after the draft finalized by the Instrumentation Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 6.2 In hydraulic structures on permeable foundations water stored percolates below the foundation of the structure thereby causing uplift pressures. The pressure gradient acting along the direction of flow is a critical design parameter at the exit end of the structure. Design of tbe structure involves calculation of these pressures and gradients on the -basis of certain assumptions. In these cases, therefore, actual observations of these pressures during actual operation become important. This standard has, therefore, been prepared to cover installation of instruments for observation of uplift pressures at the contacts of the structures and the foundation soils. Pressure measurements at depths in .-the foundation soil and pore pressure measurements in earth and masonry dams using piezometers are being covered in a separate standard which is under preparation. A3 The theory of ground water movement is based on Darcy’s law for laminar flow which postulates that flow velocity is linearly proportional to the energy gradient and that the flow may be characterized by a potmtial function satisfying the following equation: c where 4 = velocity potential = k (z +p/W) + a constant where k = permeability of the medium, z = height of the point tinder consideration above a datum, 2nst6532-1972 = P residual pressure of water at the point, and w = unit weight of water. 0.3.1 With a number. of simplifying assumptions far ease of matbe- matical analysis, the residual pressure at any point in the medium may be computed analytically for mathematically elementary boundary geometries, utilizing potential flow theory and suitable conformal transformations. 0.3.2 The assumptions generally made for facilitating theoretical calculations are the following: a) The sub-soil medium is uniform, homogeneous and isotrouic and there are no layers of differing ~ermeabkies within ttie medium; b) The soil medium is completely saturated; cl The flow is laminar throughout, enabling application of Darcy’s law and potential flow theory; 4 The temperature of the soil medium and the flowing water is constant; 4 Seepage flow along the bottom profile by passing the soil medium does not occur anywhere; and f > Only two dimensional analysis is to be made ignoring all end- effects. 0.4 But the assumptions mentioned in 0.3.2 are generally not valid for practical structures. Sometimes values of residual pressures and exit gradient are obtainable from electrical analogs of the structure and the medium which may include effects of non-homogeneity, non-isotropicity, stratification and end-effects. However, even these experimentally obtained values may not be realistic enough, due to the hydraulic proper- ties of the soi: medium with its variations from point to point which can never be accurately assessed in its totality and simulated in the analog. The analog could at best be only a gross approximation of the prototype built usually with meagre data. 0.5 Therefore, it becomes essential to install pressure pipes on the structure itself with two objects in view; firstly to act as tell-tales watching the stability of the structure, and to predict any undesirable developments, and secondly, to investigate if the actual pressures at various points on the structure are in conformity with those assumed for purposes of design. A systematic record of their observations, apart from its scientific value, will be as necessary for the maintenance of structures as a record of usual sub- surface soundings and probings. 0.6 IO the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 3ls:6532-1972 0.7 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular re uirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or ca? culated, express- irig the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-MO. The number of significant places retained in the rounded ,off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers design, installation, observation and maintenance of uplift pressure pipes provided for hydraulic structures resting on perme- able foundations. This is ~essentially a system for measurement of uplift pressures at the contacts of the structures and the foundationsoils. 1.1.1 The principles, however, may also be applied to other structures (such as spillway aprons, head regulators, pump houses on lift channels and other appurtenant structures ) resting on permeable foundations, where uplift pressures and excessive exit gradients are likely to develop. 2. G-L 2.1 In hydraulic structures on permeable foundations, water stored upstream of the structure percolates below the foundations of the structure due to the difference of head, H, between the upstream and downstream water levels ( see Fig. 1 >. Consequently at intermediate points, such as at A on the foundation bottom profile, residual pressures P develop, and they act upwards tending to lift the structure, thereby reducing its stability. In order to design the structure safe against such uplift pressures, it becomes necessary to compute the residual pressure at a number of salient points, and provide sufficient dead weight of the structure itself to counteract the same. 22 The pressure gradient or the force of water acting along the direction of flow is a critical design parameter at the exit end of the hydraulic structure indicated as point B in Fig. 1. If at this end, the upward force of water due to the-exit gradient is in excess of the effective weight, the surface soil twill be lifted up followed by progressive dislodgement of soil particles, and may result in the undermining of the foundation soil called ‘ piping ‘, and ult imate failure of the structure itself. This exit gradient should be within design limits dependent on the foundation soil at the exit end of the structure. 3. LOCATION OF PRESSURE-TAPPING POINTS 3.1 The location of the pressure-tapping points in any structure shall be planned with great care and thought. The stratigraphy of the sub-soil, R&a for roUndiXl~o ft numcricpl vaha ( raised). 4Is:653211972 especially the presence of clay beds and other geological and design feat&es, shall be duly considered together with the foundation profile of t.he structure. ROCK Fm. 1 H'YBRA~LIC STRUCTURE ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATION 3.2 The pressure points may be divided into three groups: a) along and immediately beneath the horizontal or sloping floors, b) at different points along the deep vertical cut-offs, and c) at different depths in the sub-soil. 3.2.1 A comprehensive arrangement of pressure-tapping points under a typical structure is indicated in Fig. 2. 3.2.2 Tapping points suitable under the horizontal floor are the upstream and downstream ends, immediately upstream and downstream of each vertical cut-off and other intermediate points at regular intervals. These will give uplift pressures at the selected points beneath the floor, a knowledge of which is helpful for watching the safety of the work. 3.2.3 Along the faces of the deep vertical cut-offs the tapping~pointa shall be placed or driven, as found feasible, close against the upstream and downstream faces at suitable depths. The tapping points so located enable 5‘IS : 6532- 1972 a correct determination of the effect of the depth and spacing of vertical cut-offs and of the stratification of~the sub-soil on uplift pressures. 3.2.4 In the sub-soil’ the tapping. points shall be located at suitable depths and intervals under the perv~us as well as impervious floors with due regard to stratification. The pressures at these points will give the normal distribution of pressure, away from the zone of distortion due to vertical cut-offs of the structure, 3.2.5 In order to compute the exit gradient, there shall be pressure tappings at the bottom of the vertical cut-off at the downstream end of the structures as indicated in Fig. 2. TAPPINGS FOR MEASURING EXIT GRADIENT TAPPING POINTS Fro. 2 LOCATIONO F P~~~~RB-TA~PIII~ Poxma 3.2.6 Pressure-tapping points shall be located along the abutmentso f the structure and at a number of intermediate sections between the abutments at suitable intervals dependent upon the importance of the structure. A minimum of three intermediate sections of pressure-tapping shall be provided. 4. DESIGN OF PILTER POINTS AND PRJ3SSURB PIPES 4.1 Brass-filter points of 50.mm inner diameter and of 100~cm length each shall be placed at suitable selected points ( See Fig. 2 ) and they shall Ibe connected by 40-mm G. I. pipes to suitable stand pipes located on the superstructure for measurement of water level. All connections shall be leak proof. The filter point shall be fitted with a driving point at one end 6ISr6!532-1972 and a threaded blind pipe of 50-mm diameter and 75.mm length at the other. In between and around the filter point shall be a 100 cm long, 500”micron wire gauze strainer to serve as the filter (see Fig. 3 ). BRASS FILTER POINT WlTH 500 MICRON WIRE GAUZE’ DRIVING POINT + All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 3 FILTER POINT 4.2 These filter points shall be laid horizontal where excavation permits. c Otherwise they shall be driven down to proper level. Where the depth is too great or when the soil is hard and liable to cause damage to the filter points in driving, the filter ~point and the connecting blind pipe may be inserted in a bore hole of loo-mm diameter. 49 It may not always be necessary to provide graded filter material around the filter points, as required for relief wells, since no flows through the filter points are expected, except during the short periods when change of water level occurs, and during washing operations to remove any choking-up. If graded filt ers are desired from the point of view of very fine sub-soil material or of the existence of a high probability of choking-up 7x8:6532-1972 of the pressure pipes, graded filter material may be provided around the filter points, as for relief wells, in accordance with IS : 5050-i 968. 4.3.1 If graded filters become necessary but the provision of such graded filters becomes costly, as ,an alternative, porous tube piezometers in which a porous ceramic tube acts as a filter trp may be provided. NOTE -Details regarding porous tube piezometcrs will be covered in a separate standard. 5. PRECAUTIONS FOR PRESSURE PIPE 5.1 During the installation of pressure pipes the properties of soil around the tip, should be observed, particularly when the tips are located in soil with different properties and permeabilities recorded. This may be of help in subsequent analysis and interpretation of observations. 5.2 A damaged filter point shall not be used. If one is damaged during driving it shall be replaced with a good one. 5.3 Where necessary, especially in bored installations, a clay seal of mini- mum 1’5 m may be provided immediately above the filter point to provide effective closing around the periphery of the connecting pipe. 5.4 When more than one pipe are driven at the same place to different depths, they shall be spaced not closer than 30 cm. This will avoid any direct connection between any two filter points that may occur during driving or extraction operations. 5.5 The -horizontal piping between the filter point and the observation point on the superstructure shall be slightly inclined downwards in the direction of the filter point to avoid any possible air lock. ~5.6 During erection, the ends of all pipes shall be kept closed by caps to avoid foreign matter findings its way into the pipes making observation of water level unreliable, if r-rot impossible. 5.7 All vertical pipes shall be kept dead vertical and no kink of any sort shall be allowed. Failure in this requirement may make it impossible to lower the bell sounder or the thermometer to the right place for obser- vations, 5.8 Each pressure-tapping point shall be given a distinct number and that number shall be marked on the filter point and on each length of connect- ing pipe. These distinctive numbers shall be stamped on the caps at the end of the stand pipes and on the masonry or concrete platform where they are located. Code of practice for the design, construction and maintenance of relief wells. 8IS : 6532 - 1972 5.9 Pipes from the filter points shall be led to piers or abutment walls to enable water level readings to be taken throughout the year. Points directly under a pier or abutment wall shall be connected to the observa- tion platform by a single vertical length of piping. But those away from piers and abutment walls shall be connected by horizontal lengths of piping. These latter shall be placed well below the lowest pressure level that is likely to occur at the respective points. Otherwise no observations will be possible during certain water level conditions, when the observa- tions stand pipe will be dry. 5.10 Each pipe shall be tested to see that the filter point is not choked. If any choking has occured anywhere in the pipe line, it’ shall be removed by using compressed air or pressure water under pressure by jetting through the pipe, flowing out through the filter point. 5.11 Each vertical stand pipe shall be provided with a screw cap to avoid bird nests and tampering. 5.12 All the piping including the stand pipes shall be coated with a good quality anti-corrosive paint. 6. OBSERVATIONS 6.1 The observations given in 6.1.1 to 6.1.6 for pressure data shall be made simultaneously. 6.1.1 Upstream and downstream water levels shall be read from water . level gauges suitably fixed. 6.1.2 Shade temperature shall be read by means of an accurate maxi- mum-minimum thermometer. 6.13 The temperature of river water at a suitable depth below water surface where temperature is approximately constant shall be read. The surface temperature of river water is influenced by atmospheric tempera- ture, and only at a depth of l-5 to 2-O m below the water surface, the temperature appears to remain approximately constant. This is the tern-- c perature to be observed, only by a maximum-minimum thermometer, and not by an ordinary thermometer, since its readings will be affected by the varying temperature in the upper two metrcs of water during its with. drawal after reading. 6.1.4 The temperature of sub-soil water shall be read in a few selected observation pipes. These temperatures may be read by long distance recording electrical thermometers, preferably of the automatic recording type. 6.1.5 The water levels in all the stand pipes shall be read by means of a bell sounder lowered into the pipe by a steel tape or by electrical devices. The bell sounder is an accurate, reliable, simple and cheap device. It 9IS t 6532 - 1972 consists of a solid brass rod about 90 mm long and 20 mm in diameter ending in an inverted cup of 30 mm diameter ( set Fig. 4 ). A swivel is screwed on to the upper end to which the steel tape ii attached. The length of the sounder below the zero of the tape shali be measured carefully and added to each reading of the tape to get the true depth from the top of the stand pipe to the water level within the pipe. The moment the cup of the sounder~hits the water surface within the pipe, a definite ‘ plop ’ can be heard, a sound which cannot be mistaken or drowned even in the roar of any discharging water through the hydraulic structure. For exact reading, the cup is moved up and down and the precise position where the ( plop ’ occurs is read to an accuracy ~of 2 mm. From the previously known reduced levels of the tops of the stand pipes, the reduced levels of the water within the stand pipes are obtained by subtracting the measured depths. 6.1.6 The depths of sediment on the upstream and downstream floors and if possible the soil characteristics of the sediment shall be observed. Depths of sediment may be measured by sounding, 6.2 For purposes of interpretation, it is recommended that for a filter, laid horizontal, the centre of the filter length will be the position of the pressure point to which the reading in the connecting stand pipe relates. If there is a drop of pressure along the length of the filter the pressure point should be at the farthest position along the direction of flow. Similarly in a vertical filter the pipe reading should refer to the top or bottom end of the filter, whichever is fi rthest downstream along the direction of flow and has the lowest pressure. Thus, at the upstream end of the structure, the reading should refer to the botrom of the filter and at the downstream end to the top. 6.3 The frequency of observations will depend on local requirements. For investigation of a particular problem, the observations will have to be rather frequent, but for watching the stability of a structure, once a week for the key-pomts and once a fortnight for other points shall be enough. Daily observations shall be made during periods when daily water level changes are equal to more than 10 cm. 7. TIME LAG 7.1 When there are large fluctuatiqns in upstream and downstream water levels, for instance during rising or falhng floods or when the river supply is bemgponded up to feed supplies into the canals, the results are likely to be influenced by time lag. A rise in the upstream level will give rela- tively lower readings and vice versa. When water levels are taken at regu- lar intervals, due allowance shall be made for such time lag. NATE - The time lag of the pressure point should be assessed for each uplift prusurc pipe after initial saturation of the sub-soil and at periodical intervals. This can be done by filling the stand pipe with water and measuring the time for the water level to drop down to a constant level. The time lag for this purpose may be defined as the 10IS : 6532- 1972 time taken for the water level in the pipe to drop down by 50 percent of the increase obtained by filling the pipe with water. This test shall be performed when water levels on the upstream and the downstream are almost steady. The time lag should be measured as an average of three such trials. 7.2 A sudden rise in downstream level will give relatively lower pipe readings and vice versa. 7.3 .In a rising flood, when both upstream and downstream levels are rising, the pressure pipes will read relatively low. In a falling flood, when both the upstream and downstream levels are falling, they will read high. rBRASS BODV CUP All dimensions. in millimetres. FIG. 4 BELL SOIJI'JDER Ii69 : 6532~91 972 7.4 The response to any variation in head due to change in the upstream or downstream levels is almost instantaneous throughout the structure, but as the rate of movement of sub-soil water is very slow, the water in the pressure pipes takes some time to deplete or recuperate corresponding fall or rise in the pressures. Systematic and comprehensive tests shall be done during the course of operation of the hydraulic structure to enable fixing of the actual amount of time lag. 8. RECO+D OF OBSERVATIONS 8.1 The observations shall be recorded suitably in registers or forms. 8.2 The record of observations shall consist of the following: a) Date of observation; b) Upstream water level ( metres ) ; c) Downstream water level ( metres ); d) Total head, H, that is, difference between upstream and down- stream levels ( metres ) ; e) Maximum and minimum shade temperatures ( “C ); f ) Temperature of river water ( “C ); g) Temperature of water in selected pipes ( “C ); h) Depths of sediment on upstream and downstream floon ( metrea ); j) Water levels in all pipes ( metres ) ; k) Residual pressure in each pipe, P, that is, difference between water level in stand pipe and downstream river water level ( metres ); and m) Velocity potential percentage, 4 = (P/H) x 100. 8.2.1 The form shown in Appendix A should be used for recording observations. 8.3 For purposes of analysing the observations, pipes are grouped by ‘ lines ‘, that is, pipes on a single section from upstream to downstream of L the hydraulic structures. 8.4 Record in Registers 8;4.1 One page of the register shall be earmarked for one line. Sufficient pages shall be reserved consecutively for each line to admit of all observa- tions for that line being recorded consecutively for a period of, say, one year. 8.4.2 The registers shall be maintained in duplicate, one for permanent record in the office of origin and the other for periodical despatch to any central organization where these data are scrutinized and analysed. These 12Is:653211972 registers shall be printed on standard forms and made available to the ,various observation stations for uniformity of record. 8.5 Record in Farms - When forms are used for recording observa- tions, separate forms shall be used for each line of uplift pressure pipes. These forms may be bound in pads of 50 or 100 sheets. Observations shall be recorded in duplicate on these forms at site. These forms with recorded data may bc dctachcd from the pad; one copy of the form shall be filed suitably in the onice and the other sent as expeditiously as possible to the agency analysing the data. 8.6 For the purposes of ready reference, the data collected and recorded as explained in 8.2 to 8.5 shall be plotted as graphs. properly plotted graphs will give a quick visual idea of the behaviour of different pipes at any time of the year and wiJ1 bring to light any special features or abnormalities. For a given pressure point, 4 ( P/H) remains constant for any structure provided the temperature of the flowing water and the nature and depth of sediment or scour on the upstream or downstream pervious floors do not alter. The function (b should, therefore, form the basis for plotting, as any variation in this value from the normal will connote damage unless this variation can be explained by temperature and sedimentation. The dates of observation should be plotted on the X-axis and the variable factors on the Y-axis. The variable factors are 4, river temperature, sub-soil temperature, H, downstream water level, depths of sediment or scour at the pervious floors, upstream and downstream. These graphs shall be kept plotted up to date for all the key points, so that any un- favourable developments in the sub-soil can be discovered as soon as they occur. 9. MAINTENANCE OF PRESSURE PIPES 9.1 Each year before the onset of monsoon, each pressure pipe shall he tested for any choking-up and cleared, if necessary, by water jetting. The time lag shall be measured for each pipe at required intervals and com- pared with the initial time lag (see Note under 7.1 ). 9.2 All missing screw caps on the top s of stand pipes shah he replaced with their original numbers stamped. 9.3 The top levels of the stand pipes shall be checked up by an accurate levelling instrument, if any subsidence of levels is suspected to have occured. 9.4 The stand pipes shall be annually painted with good quality anticor- rosive paint, taking care to see that the original pipe numbers are not obliterated. 151S : 6532 - 1972 APPENDIX A ( Clause 8.2.1 ) REGISTER OF UPLIFT PRESSURE PIPE OBSERVATIONS Name of river: Name of hydraulic structure: the line of pipes, of the structure ( as illustrated in Fig. 2 ) showing details indicated in Note overleaf. Name of observer: Date of observation: Approximate time of observation . . . . . . . . , . . . h to a........... h Upstream water level: (m) Downstream water level: (m) Head, H = Cm) Shade temperature, maximum: “C minimum: “C River water temperature: “C Depth of sediment on upstream pervious floor: (m) Depth of sediment on downstream pervious floor: (m) Line No. Total width of pucca floor: + Pipe No. Distance from Reduced Levei of Reduced Level of Upstream End of Bottom of Pipe Bend 6f Pipes, if Puma Floor Any -~ (1) (2) (3) i4) 14PS : 6532- 1972 Reduced i Depth R;duu;; P $=(Pjff) .--x 100 Level of ZEr 4 Top of Tempera- W:er Water in [ sZS.2 Pipe, m ture, “C in Pipe, m ( k ) 1 Designed Observed g Pipe !& m -- (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) X7) (8) (9) -. --- -_ , NoTe -Following features may be shown on the sketch: a) Foundation profile; b) uplift pipes with their number (reduced levels of bottoms and tops of pip”. beds, I[ any, dlatance from upstream end of pucca floor; and c) Strati&cation of the substrata.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS tfeadquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones : 3 31 01 31, 3 31 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstrg ( Common to all Offices 1 Regipnal Offices : Telephone West&n ; Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol. Andheri ( East :, 6 33.~92 95 BOMBAY 400093 tEastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VI1 M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Noithern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C 21843 CHANDIGARH 160036 { 3 1641 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 (41 24 42 { 41 25 13 141 29 16 Branch Offices : Pushpak,’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg;Khsnpur. 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 C 2 63 49 ‘F’ Block. Unity Bldg. Narasimharaja Scu.~re, 22 48 05 BANGALORE 560002 Gangotri Complex. 5th Floor, Bhadhhada lica~~ 7 ; p:,?g:+r, 6 27 16 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83. Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751902 5 36 27 5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, - 5th Byelane, GUWAHATI 781003 58-56C L. N. Gupta Xiarg, (Nampally Station Road), 22 10 83 HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 117/418B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 c Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 Hantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor ), Rly Station Road, 52 27 TRIVANDRUM 695001 Inspection Office ( With Sale Point ): Institution of Engineers ( India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 410005 Sales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers. Grant Hoad, 89 65 28 Bombay 400007 tSales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach. P. 0. Princep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
13551.pdf	lndiun Standard STRUCTURALDESTGNOFSPILLWAY PIER AND CREST-CRITERIA UDC 627-83-066 @ BLS 1992 RUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUK SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHT 1102 December 1992 Price Group 3Spillways Including Energy Dissipaters Sectional Committee, RVD 10 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by Spillways Including Energy t Dissipaters Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Spillway piers are erected over the crest profile and are provided to divide the spillway into number of bays so as to control the flow over the spillway by installing gates between two piers. Piers are also used to support the bridge over the spillway for the movement of gantry crane and normal traffic. This standard is prepared to guide the designers, for the structural design of spillway pier and crest, based on the practices being followed in this country. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final values, observed or calculated, expressing the results of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised)‘. The number of signi- ficant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 13551 : WE Indian Standard STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SPILLWAY PIER AND CREST - CRITERIA .lS COPE XV) Longitudinal static water pressure on the pier This standard lays down criteria for structural XVI) Force due to wa ter current design of spillway pier and crest. NOTE -Effect of wind and earthquake forces 2 REFERENCES should not be considered simultaneously. The following Indian Standards are necessary Out of the sixteen forces mentioned above forces. adjuncts to this standard: at Sl No. (i), (ii), (iii), (lx), (xii) and (xiv) have significant effect on design of pier while others IS No. Title have insignificant effect. The effect of the forces 456 : 1978 Code of practice for plain and other than these, on the design of pier may be reinforced concrete ( third accounted for on percentage basis. revision ) I 893 : 1984 Criteria for earthquake resistant 3.2 Design Loading Condition design of structures (fourth The pier should be designed for the most critical revision ) loading combination. When one of the spillway 6512 : 1984 Criteria for design of solid gravity gate is open and the adjacent is closed, the dams transverse horizontal force on the pier will be ,I2720 : 1992 Criteria for structural design of maximum. Thereforr+.the forces should be cal- spillway training and divide walls culated for this condrtton. Longitudinal horizon- (first revision ) tal forces would be maximum when both the gates adjacent to the pier are in closed position SP 5s : 1993 Design aid for anchorages for ( however, this condition generally would not spillway structures ( under print ) be critical ). 3 SPILLWAY PIER 3.3 Computation of Forces 3.1 Forces 3.3.1 Self Weight of Pier ;zarus forces to be resisted by pier are given This should be calculated based on the actua! geometry of the pier. 3 Self weight of pier ii) Weight of spillway bridge on the pier 3.3.2 Weight of Spillway Bridge on the Pier iii) Uplift pressure on the piers This load is transferred to the pier through the iv) Weight of hoisting equrpment on the pier bearings and should be calculated accordingly. v) Upward water pressure on gates Vertical load ‘P’ per unit length should be cal- vi) Weight of gate to be resisted by pier culated by dividing the load as calculated above vii) Reaction due to live load on the bridge by the length of pier ‘L’ ( see Fig. 1 ). To including impact account for the vertical loads due to other insignificant forces, the vertical load per unit viii) Crane loads, if provided length as calculated above should be increased ix) Transverse water pressure on the pier by 10 percent, in case it is not otherwise possi- X) Force due to braking effect of vehicles ble to calculate. xi) Frictional resistance at the bearing of the 3.3.3 Tmnsverse Water Pressure on the Pier road bridge xii) Pin reaction in transverse direction due to Water pressure on the shaded portion as shown water pressure on radial gate with inclined in Fig. I should be calculated which will act at arms l/3 height above the imaginary horizontal line drawn through the crest of the spillway. The xiii) Wind load prcssurc from the gate open side may be igno- .xiv) Earthquake ( including hydrodynamic red. However, in case it is required to consider forces ) the same, it should be based on model studies. 1IS 13551: 1992 3.3.4 Pin Reaction in Transverse Direction due to Uplift pressure per unit length for zones 1 and 2 Water Pressure on Radial Gate with Inclined Arms may be calculated by dividing the total uplift force in the zones under consideration by their This is calculated for the condition when one respective lengths. gate is closed and the adjacent gate is open. This horizontal component of load (PT) in trans- 3.3.6 Earthquake verse direction at trunnion due to water pressure on the gate is given below: Earthquake forces ( including hydrodynamic forces ) should be calculated according to P, = -J$ L tan 0 IS 1893 : 1984. where 3.4 Design of Spillway Intermediate Pier w = unit weight of water 3.4.1 The entire pier should be divided into la - height of gate three zones ( see Fig. 2 ). L = width of gate 0 = angle of inclination of arm with the Zone I - Bending moment per unit length pier M,, is as given below: 3.3.5 Uplift Pressure on the Pie) M, M1= n_tB For planes below spillway crest level, the uplift pressure may be calculated according to 4.4.4. where, M,, is moment due to the transver.;e water pressure about the imaginary horizontal For planes above spillway crest level, the uplift line drawn through the crest of the spillway, and pressure may be calculated as given below: A and B are shown in Fig. 2. To account for the 4 When the tail water level is below the spill- moments due to other insignificant forces, the way crest level -’ Uplift pressure equal to moment per unit length calculated above should the hydrostatic head over the plane under be increased by 20 percent in case it is not consideration may be taken to be acting otherwise possible to calculate. uniformly over the full width of the pier up to a distance A ( see Fig. 1 ) and reduc- Zone 2 - Bending moment per unit length ing to zero at the intersection of the plane A[,, is given below: with the upper nappe profile. M, = MT + 0.35 Ml b) When the tail water level is above the spill- where way crest level - Uplift pressure equal to the hydrostatic head over the plane under P.r x OT MT = _. .--- consideration may be taken to be acting L1 uniformly over the full width of the pier up to a distance A ( see Fig. 1 > and reduc- where, PT is horizontal component of loads Jt ing to the head corresponding to the tail the trunnion due to water pressure tit the gate water level at the downstream end of the ( as calculated in 3.3.4 ). OT and L, are shown pier. in Fig. 1. AREA ON WHICH WATER PRESSURE ACTS FROM GATE CLOSED SIDE ZONE 3 SHORTEST DISTANCE OF TRUNION FRqbi FIG. 1 WATER PRESSURB FIG. 2 ZONBS OF PIER ACTING ON PIER 2IS 13551: l!m Zone 3 -. In this zone, there are no major 4 SPILLWAY CREST forces, therefore minimum reinforcement of 4.1 General 25 mm diameter @ 30 cm c,‘c may be provided. However, minimum reinforcement should not be On account of the geometry of spillway cre:,t less than either 25 percent of the reinforcement profile, tensile stresses are developed in the crest in Zone 1 or 50 percent of the reinforcement in because of the loads acting over it. Reinforcc- Zone 2. Maximum reinforcement obtained out ment needs to be provided to take care of these of the above three conditions should be provi- tensile stresses. The minimum thickness of ded. structural concrete provided for spillway_erest is l-5 m, measured normally. However this has 3.4.2 The pier reinforcement should be designed to be suitably increased to accommodate the according to IS 456 : 1978, assuming the pier as anchorage below the piers. an eccentric column for the vertical and hori- zontal loads as calculated in 3.3 and bending 4.2 Forces moments as calculated in 3.4.1. The stress in Various forces to be resisted by the cresf are .!> steel and concrete should be ensured to be in given below: permissible limits ( see Fig. 3 for typical rein- forcement detail ). The permissible stress in 0 Self weight of pier and the spillway crert; steel reinforcement may be t.aken as 80 percent of the value specified in TS 456 : 1978. ii) Weight of water over the crest and tail- water, where applicable; 3.4.2.1 Anchorage iii) Horizontal water pressure; iv) Uplift pressure; The tensile stresses are also developed below the pier and, therefore, horizontal as well as vertical v) Earthquake forces ( including hydrociyn;a- anchorages are required to be provided. The mic forces ); details of design of anchorage are given in IS 12720 : 1992 and design aid for anchorages in vi) Earth and silt pressure, if any; SP 55 : 1993. vii) Ice pressure; viii) Wave pressure; and 3.5 Spillway Ead Pier ix) Thermal loads. Under normal cases, a major portion of the end pier may be resting against the non-overflow 4.3 Design Loading Condition dam adjacent to the spillway. Therefore, only a nominal reinforcement on the spillway face of The spillway crest should be designed fJr ~he the pier may be provided, which should not be tensile stresses set up near the crest due to loads less than 25 mm diameter @ 30 cm c/c, The acting over it as mentioned in 4.2. For the reinforcement for the portion of the pier which purpose of design the critical tensile stres,, is not resting against the non-overflow dam should be calculated for the worst loading should be designed according to 3.3 and 3.4 combination as given in 4.1 of IS 6.512 : 1984. ( see Fig. 4 and 5 for typical reinforcement However, these should bc calculated for the details ). following three regions as shown in Fig. 6. a 1 Considering block RS a whole for se,tion 3.6 As a guideline the following thickness/width XX and below. of piers are recommended for different size of gates: b) Region near the pier ( At Scctiorl E-1, that is above section XX as chr\~n in Sizes of Radial Gate T1~icknes.sW~ idth Fig. 6 ). ( Width x Height ) qf Pier c> Region away from the pier ( At Scctic-:I 12 m x 5m 2.5 n-i YY, that is above section XX as ihow; in Fig. 6 >, 12 m x 6.5 m 2.75 m 12 in x 8.0 m 30 m 4.4 Computation of Forces I5 m x I 2 111 3.50 III 9. I5 m Ill x 64 111 2-5 14.95 ni x 10 GS m 3.50 m This should be calculated for the appropr~at.: lS55 m x 14m 4.0 m areas ( see Fig. 6 ) dependingupon the clc?,:tl I(,$, 18,s III x J 6.75 m 4.75 m at which stability is being checked. 3fiik OlSTRIBWTORS 1171 WP OF P /- MAIN DAR’? - SPILLWAY Gl HORIZONTAL ANCHORAGE VERTICAL ANCHORA ‘JE REST PRO!=11 CONST:‘!IIITION JOINT SECTION THROUGH PIER AA FIG. 3 RBINPORCBMBNT DETAILS FOR INTBRMB~IATI3P IER *-I - NONOVER FLOW SPILLWAY SIDE -- SIDE Lit-- TCP OF P NOMINAL REINFORCEMENT d DISTRIBUTORS -I- NONOWf?RFCo’fl MAIt4 BARS - - - HORIZONTAL ANCHORAGE CREST PROFILE ’ HORIZONTAL ANCHORAGE I CO~TRnCrur;rl JOINT SECTION THROUGH END PIER AA SHOWI NG REINFORCEMENT ON SPICDVAY SIDE: FIG. 4 TYPICAL RBINFORCBMENT DBTAILS FOR END PIERS 4IS 13551: 1992 -- NONQVER FLOW SIDE L SPILLWAY SIOE ---tc 11 TOP OF DAM TOP OF PIER DISTRIBUTORs I HORUONUl ANCHORAGE CONSWUc :llON JOINT -7 r D/S FACE OF I_ _~ _~ I~VER FLOWI ; v^ ( SECTION THROUGH END PIER BB SHOWING REINFORCEMENT ON NOF SIDE FIG. 5 TYPZCALR BINFORCGMENTD ETAILS FOR END PIERS TOWARDS NON-OVERFLOW SIDE DAM AXIS I--- RAOIAL GATE TYPICAL CREST REINFORCEMENT REGlOfi AWAY FROM PIER -- a is the width at section Y Y where stability is being checked. Fxc. 6 LOAD DI~PBRSIONO F THE WEIGHT OF PIBR ON SPILLWAY STRUCTURE 4.42 Weight of the Water Over the Crest and crest. 1C the design head is less than the head Tdrafer Level corresponding to MWL, negative pressures ovel the spillway crest which are likely to develop Fur spillway discharging condition, the weight may be considered suitably either based on of water over the crest should be ignored in the model studies or on earlier experience for similar stabihty calculations for tail water levels below COnditions. 5Is13551:1992 4.4.3H orizorttal Water Pressure 4.5 Reinforcement The horizontal water pressure acting above spillway crest elevation in respect of gat;d 4.5.1S pillway crest reinforcement should be spillway over the gates should be taken to be calculated in respect of the tensile stress as cal- transferred to the pier at an appropriate eleva- culated in 4.3. The crest reinforcement should tion depending on the type of gates used. For be provided only if the tensile stresses exceed region away from the pier in respect of sections the allowable tensile stresses specified in 5.13.2.3 above XX (see Fig. 6 ) this force should not be of JS 6512 : 1984. considered. 4.5.2 The area of steel reinforcement should bc 4.4.4 Uplift Pressure calculated in accordance with IS 456 : 1978. The Uplift pressures should be considered to be permissible tensile stress in steel reinforcemenr acting over the spillway section only and not may be taken as 80 percent of the value specified in the pier portion. For spillway discharging in IS 4.56 : 1978. conditions and tail water levels, below the section at which stability is being checked, the 4.5.3 The reinforcement should be provided up 11) effect of the sheet of water flowing over the an elevation below which tensile stresses arc spillway for uplift calculations may be ignored. within permissible limits ( see 4.5.1 ). The deve- For tailwater levels above the section consi- lopmcnt length below this elevation, however, hc dered, uplift at the downstream end and the provided according to 1s 456:: 1978. weight of water above crest should be suitably considered ( see Fig. 6 ). 45.4 Distribution reinforcement equal tc) WL 4.4.5 The other forces mentioned in 4.2 ( v ) to less than 20 y0 of the main reinforcement should ( ix ) should be computed as given in TS 65 12 : be provided. .Kowever, it should not be 1~~st h:?jl 1984. I6 mm diameter @ 25 cm c/c. I I i. ;/ I I Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by 8x1 Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for con- formity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BLS is a statutory institution established under the Bureuu of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. 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Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition, Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS givmg the following reference: Dot : No RVD 10 ( 4592 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of lssue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 ( Common to all offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 t 331 13 75 Eastern : 1 14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61 c! ALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62 t Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43, 53 16 40 I 53 23 84 Southern : C. I. T. 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228_13.pdf	IS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 (Reaffirmed 1997) Indian Standard METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS PART XIII DETERMlNATlON OF ARSENIC ( Third Reprint NOVEMBER 1998 ) UD 669.14 : 543 : 546.19 (0 Copuright 1982 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAKCHAVAN,9 BAHADURSHAHZAFARMARG NEW DELHI 110002 I ’ Gr 2 May 1982 . tryIS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 Indian Standard METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS PART Xill DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC Methods of Chemical Analysis Sectional Committee, SMDC 2 Chairman Representing Da R. K. DUTTA Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Durgapur Steel Plant ), Durgapur Members SHRI G. M. _&PA RAO Steebt;;ority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steel Plant ), SHRI R. K. GUPTA ( Alternate I SRRI J. BHATTACKARJEE ’ Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) SHRI M. K. CHA~RAVORTY ( Alternat ) DR V. M. BHUCHAR National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI S. N. HOHIDER Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Rourkela Steel Plant ), Rourkela SJWI B. MAHAPATRA ( Alfernate ) SHRI P. CH.\KI~A Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Koraput DIG M. M. C~AKRABORTY Indian Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur Snnr M. S. CHATTEXJEE ( Alternate ) SIIRI A. W. CHAWATHE India Government Mint ( Ministry of Finance ), Bombay CHEMIST & MRTALLUILCIST, Minist:y of Railways So~rrt CENTRI\L RAII~WAY, SECU~l~ER.~R9 D ASSIST.%NTD IRECTOR ( MET ), RDSO, CHITTA~ANJAN ( Alternate) CH”EEFC HEMIST The Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd, Jamshedpur AYSIS'T.:WTC HIEF CREMIST ( Alternate ) Da A. N. CHOWDIWRY Geological Survey of India, Calcutta Snnt B. N. BH%TT.\CHAHYA( Alternate ) Stc~trH . P. DUREY National Test House, Calcutta DR B. C. DUTTA Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd, New Delhi SHt(t K. P. MUKIIEHJEE ( z‘,hrTUJt)e ( Continued on page 2 ) @ wright 1982 BUREAU OF INDLW STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 Members Representing SHRI S. N. HO~AVAR Italab Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI J. G. DEY ( Alter ‘le I ) SHRI J. P. PATEL ( Alternate II ) Smzl D. P. JAIN Saru Smelting Pvt Ltd, Meerut SHRI D. N. CF~AKRABORTY ( Alternate ) SERI G. L. JETHWANI Hindustan Zinc Ltd, Udaipur SHRI V. B. KRANNA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI M. P. CEOWDHARY ( Ahmate ) DR L. P. PAX-TDEY National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ), Jamshedpur SHRI B. N. PRASAD Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ), Bokaro DR J. RAJARAX Essen & Co, Bangalore SHRI K. RAXAKRISENAN ( Alternate ) SERI D. RAMAXOORTHY Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchchirappalli SHRI M. B. UNNI ( Alternde ) SHRI A. SAN~AMESWARA RAO Ferro Alloys Corporation Ltd, Shreeramnagar SHRI G. RAJA RAO ( Alternate ) SH~I D. SEN Directorate General of Ordnance Factories ( Ministry of Defence ), Calcutta SHRI U. C. SAXENA ( Alternate ) DR P. D. SHARMA Hindustan Copper Ltd, Calcutta DR B. C. SINHA Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute ( CSIR ), Calcutta SHRI R. SEN ( Alternate ) DR P. SIJBRAMANIAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHRI B. V. RAO ( Alternate ) DR CH. VENKATESWARLU Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay DR C. S. P. IYER ( Alternate I ) SERI P. MURVOAIYAN ( Alternate II ) SHRI C. R. RAMA RAO, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Membn ) Director ( Strut & Met ) SHRI 0. N. DASCVJTTA Deputy Director ( Met ), IS1 2IS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 Indian Standard METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS PART XIII DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part XIII ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 22 February 1982, after the draft finalized by the Methods of Chemical Analysis Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council. 0.2 Earlier, determination of arsenic in iron and steel was covered in IS : 1546-1960. The Sectional Committee responsible for the revision of this standard decided to publish this as a part of IS : 2287 for com- prehensive analysis of steel. However this method could also be applied for the determination of arsenic in iron. With the publication of this part, IS : 1546-1960 will be withdrawn. of 0.3 In reporting the result a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960:. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part XIII ) prescribes the method for determination of arsenic in steel. 2. QUALITY OF REAGENTS 2.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water ( ~ee IS : 1070-1977s ) shall be used. No~g -- ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the results of analysis. Method for delermination of arsenic in iron and steel. tMethods for chemical analysis of steels. $,Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). &Specification for water for general laboratory use ( second revision ). 3 iIS : 228 ( Part %I11 ) - 1982 3. GENERAL 3.1 Preparation of Filter Paper Pulp Pad - For the filtration of arsenic precipitate, filter paper pulp pad shall be used. It shall be pre- pared by shaking small pieces of filter paper with a mixture of one part of saturated solution of bromine in concentrated hydrochloric acid ( rd = l-1 6 ) and seven parts of water. When sufficiently disintegrated, the mixture shall be heated on the steam bath for 30 minutes and diluted with an equal volume of water, shaken and bottled. A filter pad shall be made of this pulp and washed well with water. 4. DETERMINATION OF ARSENIC IN STEEL 4.1 Outline,of the Method -Arsenic which in steel exists mainly as iron arsenide ( FeAse ) is converted into arsenic acid ( HyAsO, ) when the alloy is dissolved in a mixture of sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Arsenic acid is reduced quantitatively in acid medium by sodium hypophosphite to metallic arsenic and the metal is then oxidized by a measured excess of standard iodine solution to pentavalent arsenic. The excess iodine is back titrated with standard arsenious oxide solution. 4.2 Reagents 4.2.1 Electrolytic Copper 4.2.2 Dilute Sulpkuric Acid - 1 : 3 ( v/v ). 4.2.3 Concentrated Ntric Acid - rd = I.42 ( conforming to IS : 264- 1976 ). 4.2.4 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - rd = 1.16 ( conforming to IS : 265-1976t ). 4.2.5 Syrupr Phosphoric Acid - 85 percent. 4.2.6 Mixed Acids - Add 200 ml of syrupy phosphoric acid, 100 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 75 ml of concentrated nitric acid to 400 ml of water. Mix well and cool. Add carefully 150 ml of dilute sulphuric acid ( 1 : 3 ) and make up to one litre. 4.2.7 Dilute Nitric Acid - 1 : 50 ( v/v ). 62.8 Potassium Permanganate - solid. 4.2.9 Sulphurous Acid Solution - Prepare a saturated solution of sulphur dioxide in water. 4.2.10 Sodium Hypopkosphite - solid. - Specification for nitric acid ( wend rcvisim ). tspecification fbr hydrochloric acid ( second rcvirion ). 4 i ^ . . 1 ”IS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 4.2.11 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid - 1 : 3 ( VIU) 4.2.12 Ammonium Chloride Solution - 5 percent. 4.2.13 HydroJuoric Acid - 40 percent. 4.2.14 Standard Iodine Solution ( 1 ml - 0’000 15 g of As ) - 0.01 N. Dissolve 1.27 g of re-sublimed iodine and 4 g of potassium iodide in 25 ml of water. When the solution is complete, dilute toone litre with water and store in a dark-coloured glass-stoppered bottle. Standardize against standard arsenious oxide solution. 4.2.15 Standard Arsenious Oxide Solution - 0.01 N. Dissolve 0.495 g of arsenious oxide in about 4 ml of sodium hydroxide solution ( 10 percent ), and dilute to about 200 ml. Add dilute hydrochloric acid ( 1 : 20 ) until just acidic. Add about two grams of sodium bicarbonate and dilute to one Iitre in a volumetric flask. 4.2.16 Starch Solution - Make a suspension of one gram of soluble starch in about 10 ml of water and add it carefully to 100 ml of boiling water. Boil for two to three minutes and cool. Prepare the solution fresh as needed. 4.2.17 Sodium Bicarbonate - ( carbonate-free ) solid. 4.3 Procedure 4.3.1 Weigh accurately 5 g of the sample and 0.5 g of electrolytic copper, transfer them to a 600-ml squat beaker, and dissolve in a mixture* of 30 ml of dilute sulphuric acid, 15 ml of concentrated nitric acid and 20 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. If a large number of determi- nations have to be carried out, use 200 ml of the mixed acids ( see 4.2.6 ) for each determination. 4.3.2 Dilute the mixture slightly with hot water and filter off any graphite. Wash the residue with hot dilute nitric acid and discard it. To the filtrate add O-5 g of potassium permanganate and boil the mixture for at least 5 minutes. Add enough sulphurous acid solution dropwise till the filtrate is clear. 4.3.3 Evaporate the solution to fumes and heat until all the nitric acid is expelled. Add about 75 ml of hot water and boil. ( In case of high silicon iron, silica should be filtered off at this stage. ) Concentrate the filtrate to 75 ml and transfer to 750-ml conical flask, washing the beaker with 75 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Add 2 g of sodium hypophosphite and warm to brisk effervescence avoiding boiling. Add *In case of tmgsten steel, mixed acids ( see 4.2.6) only hall be used for the dissolution of the sample. 5IS : 228 ( Part XIII ) - 1982 by instalments 2-g portions of hypophosphite till effervescence ceases and finally add 12 g of sodium hypophosphite. Insert a cork carrying a reflux condenser tube ( 600 x 10 mm ) in the mouth of the conical flask and boil the contents of the flask for 15 minutes. Cool the solution and filter through a pad of pulp prepared in accordance with 3.1. Wash the arsenic precipitate with 100 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid containing 3 g of sodium hypophosphite and then 7 times with ammonium chloride solution. Further proceed in accordance with 4.3.5 and 4.3.6. 4.3.4 Procedure for Reduction of Arsenic Acid ( in Case of Tungsten Steel ) - Transfer the clear solution from 4.3.2 to a quartz flask, and add 40 ml of water. Boil the solution to expel nitric acid fumes completely; cool, add 80 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 40 ml of water. Add 2 g of sodium hypophosphite, warm to brisk effervescence avoiding boiling, and add by instalments 2-g portions of hypophosphite till effervescence ceases. Add 10 drops of hydrofluoric acid and 12 g of sodium hypo- phosphite. Boil under reflux tube and filter and wash the reduced arsenic as described under 4.3.3. ‘4.3.5 Discard the filtrate and transfer the residue along with the filter pad to an 800-ml tall-form beaker, rinsing the funnel with 50 ml of water. Run in a measured excess of the standard iodine solution ( about 30 ml are usually adequate ). Stir to disintegrate the filter pad, allow to stand for 5 minutes and dilute to 250 ml. Titrate with the standard arsenious oxide solution to pronounced lightening of the iodine colour. Add a few ml of starch solution; discharge the coloration by adding about 3 ml more of standard arsenious oxide solution and about 2 g of sodium bicarbonate. Back-titrate cautiously with the standard iodine solution, shaking vigorously for each addition, until the blue colour just re-appears. 4.3.6 Carry out a blank determination following through all steps of the procedure and using the same amounts of reagents ( including 10 ml of the standard arsenious oxide solution ) but without the material. Since arsenic is oxidized from the elemental state, to the pentavalent state, therefore 10 ml of standard arsenious oxide solution used in blank estima- tion represent 25 ml in the final titration. Any amount in excess of this 25 ml that is required in titrating the blank represents volume of the standard iodine solution required for the blank. 4.4 Calculation [(A--B)- C] x 0~000 15 Arsenic, percent = x 100 M where A =-1 total volume in ml of the standard iodine solution added in the test, 6 ,.” . . 1
4880_1.pdf	IS : 4880 ( Part 1 ) - 1987 Indian Standard CODEOFPRACTICEFOR DESIGNOFTUNNELSCONVEYINGWATER PART 1 GENERAL DESIGN (First Revision) @ UDC 624.191-l : 624.196 .. ._ ,/--, I \_,’ @I Copyright 1988 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 A/ml 1988Is,:4880.P(o rt l-)-1987 Indian Standard CODEOFPRACTICEFOR DESIGNOFTUNNELS CONVEYING WATER PART 1 GENERAL DESIGN (First Revision/ 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part 1 ) ( First various parts. Other parts of this standard are Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of as follows: Indian Standards on 30 October 1987, after the draft finalized by the Water Conductor Part 2 Geometric design Systems Sectional Committee had been appro- Part 3 Hydraulic design ved by the Civil Engineering Divison Council. Part 4 Structural design of concrete lining in rock 0.2 For the alignment of tunnels and designs Part 5 Structural design of concrete of tunnel supports and lining, the nature of lining in soft strata and soils soft or hard strata and its formation plays a Part 6 Tunnel supports vital role. It is necessary to know the general Part 7 Structural design of steel lining topography, the geology of the area, state of stress and other mechanical properties of the strata. For this certain topographical and 0.4 This standard was first published in 1975. geological investigations, in-situ and laboratory The present revision of the standard has been test, and observations are necessary. For certain taken up in the light of experience gained locations where difficult working conditions during the last few years in the use of this are anticipated, more detailed investigations standard. In this revision, the clauses on ‘in- may be undertaken. situ rock and tests’ and ‘instrumentation’ have been modified to introduce the modern rock 0.3 This standard has been published in mass classification. 1. SCOPE reference to the G.T.S. bench mark available in the vicinity. The survey shall be <carried out in 1.1 This standard ( Part 1 ) covers the general accordance with the provisions contained in requirements, like various types of investiga- IS : 5878 ( Part 1 )-1971. Where movements tions, tests and instrumentation of tunnel gene- along faults are suspected, local network of ally required for planning and designing of survey monuments shall be laid and observa- pressure tunnel section and supports. tions made during construction n1e riod as also later during operation. 2. INVESTIGATIONS 2.2.1P reliminary investigations for aligning 2.1 General - Records of any existing the tunnel should be carried out on available tunnels and other excavations in the vicinity 1 : 50 000 Survey of India Topo Sheets. Once including any information regarding old mine the general feasibility of the tunnel is establish- workings or old wells, should be sought and ed, detailed strip topographic maps along the studied. Information should also be sought in tunnel alignment should be prepared to a scale historic records concerning flooding, avalan- 1 : 10 000 with 5 m contour interval. Width of ches, landslips, earthquakes, etc. the strip may be fixed on the basis of investiga- 2.2 Topographical Surveys - Surveys for tions, which shall be carried out more intensely preparation of plans and aligning the tunnel at locations where certain local geologically should be carried out covering the area of adverse features like major shears, thrusts, tunnel alignment, after establishing adequate Code of practice for construction of tunnels: Part I number of temporary bench marks with Precision survey and setting out. 1IS : 4880 ( Part 1 ) - 1987 faults synclines, etc, exist or where exposed 2.3.2 The geological data should be deve- rock is encountered and where the rock cover loped through a comprehensive geological is less than the internal water pressure at that investigation which includes: location. The strip width shall be commensu- a) Detailed geological mabping - Detailed rate with the internal water pressure on either geological mapping to know the rock side of alignment and also up to contours formations, locations and altitude of corresponding to tunnel grade indicating loca- structural features such as folds, faults, tion of adits where necessary. At portal faces, joint pattern, etc, to plan drill holes; the contour interval should be reduced to 2 m. b) Subsurfuce exploration - Few cored bore holes should be taken at suitable loca- 2.2.2 Wherever possible, aerial ( photogra- tions along the alignment of tunnel as phic ) survey should be carried out and the suggested by geologist. The number stereoptic coverage should extend for at least of bore holes depends upon the length 3 km on either side of the possible foreseen of tunnel, rock cover over tunnel limits of the tunnel alignment. This would grade, number of adits available and facilitate to pinpoint those areas that require geological features likely to be met surface and subsurface investigations for a with. However, the minimum number detailed assessment. If infra-red aerial photo- of bore holes as adjudged to be graphy’is used, it would facilitate to delineate necessary by an experienced engineer- hot water bearing zones in bed rock. ing geologist in consultation with design engineers should be provided. 2.3 Geological Investigations - Geological For proper determination of rock investigations should be carried out with sophi- quality designation ( RQD ) ( see sticated instruments, some of which are listed 3.2.3 ), the bore holes should be dri- in 4.1. If the area has been aerially photogra- lled with NX size and larger size only phed, such data should be studied. and not that BX or smaller sizes. The core samples of each bore hole shall 2.3.1 The geological investigations should be preserved and logged by an engi- be’carried out to determine: neering geologist. Bore holes shall a> O rigin and type of rock along the avoid, as far as possible, intercepting alignment and study of regional tunnel bore, particularly in water geological maps of the area, it’ avail- bearing strata, and shall be properly able; backfilled preferably with concrete; c> Geophysical investigations - This type of b) Geological section along the tunnel investigation is helpful in establishing alignment giving rock types and their the rock-soil boundary, in delineating disposition; location and attitude of fault and shear zones, other geologi- all structural features of rock such as cal structures and similar pheno- faults, thrusts, joints, dips, strikes and menon. This investigation is also used other geological features including in evaluating rock mass quality by pattern, extent and contents of fissu- determining in-situ modulus of elasti- res; presence of water in small or city; large quantities and their probable pressure at tunnel grade, etc; 4 Television investigation of bore holes - If possible, the walls of bore holes may cl Any geological feature which may be examined by television bore hole affect the magnitude of rock pressure cameras. This method facilitates in to be anticipated along the proposed studying the depth of altered rock, alignment; location and determination of the 4 Cover on the tunnel, position of sub- altitude and character of shear zones, surface rock and overburden contacts; joints fractures, foliations and bedding planes, assessment of rock condition e) Physical, mechanical and strength above and below the water table, properties of rock to determine suppo- identification of rock types and other rting arrangements and also resistance visually detectable geological chara- to driving tunnel through rock ( if cteristics of in-place rock prior to tunnelling with a mole is proposed ); excavation; and e) Exploration drifts - Drifts should be f 1 Hydrological data and information provided at portals or at adit points. regarding location, type and volume These are most accurate means of of water and injurious or troublesome determining the geological conditions gases contained in subsurface strata in tunnelling and for conducting in- around tunnel grade. situ rock tests. iIS : 4880 ( Part 1 ) - 1987 2.3.3 Geological investigations should be mass classification [ see IS : 11315 ( Part 11 )- continued during construction not only in the 1985* 3. interest of checking design data but also for ascertaining the tunnelling methods and predi- 4. INSTRUMENTATION cting tunnel conditions ahead of tunnel face to minimize surprises. 4.1 Systematic instrumentation is to be done in ail major tunnels under construction to 3. TESTS monitor the behaviour of supports and the 3.1 Laboratory Tests - The core samples rock. Such a study may be started from the collected from the bore holes shall be classified very start of the tunnel. The instruments should and specimen from each group shall be tested be installed at the time of installation of the to determine the following physical properties: supports. The following may be done. The instrumented section should be so dispersed as a) Specific gravity, to cover statistically differing rock conditions: b) Modulus of elasticity ( static and/or dynamic ), a) Closure Observations - Tunnel closure should be observed at random inter- C) Poisson’s ratio, val throughout the length of the 4 Tensile strength, tunnel; e> Compressive strength ( dry and wet ), b) Bore-Hole Extensometer - Multipoint f-1 Triaxial shear strength, bore-hole extensometer should be g) Hardness of rock, used to know the deformation in the h) Swelling index ( in case of soft argill- rock around the tunnel opening. The observations will help in ascertaining aceous rocks ), and the shape and size of the plastic j) Porosity, grain size and cementing ( broken ) zone. A minimumof three, material for sand stones and similar that is, one horizontal, one vertical rocks. and one at 45” to the horizontal per 3.2 lir-situ Rock Tests section should be used; 3.2.1 The data obtained from field and cl Load Observations - Rock load coming laboratory tests shall be substantiated by in-h on the steel supports should be moni- rock tests. When a cavity is formed in the rock tored by installing load cells on ribs. mass, the in-situ rock stresses are altered for A minimum of three per section some distance around the opening. In-situ rock should be used; tests are carried out to evaluate: 4 Contact Pressure Observations - Pressure In-situ rock characteristics like shear cells should be placed at the intervals strength parameters ( C and I ), com- of the supports and the rock surface pressive strength and deformation to measure rock pressure and internal modulus preferably by Goodman water pressure. The pressure cells Jack; should not be placed at preferably b) Deformation of rock around opening; less than 60’; and c> Rock load on supports - temporary e) Strain Observations - Should be done and permanent; and by embedding strain meters in con- 4 The tests shall be carried out in two crete lining for the measurement of directions at right angles to each stress in the lining. other in case of laminated rock struc- 4.2 The instruments mentioned in 4.1 may be tures--one parallel to and the other at provided at more than three sections or at the right angles to the dip and strike of typical representative reaches met with while rock. Plastic fields shall be determin- excavating. The range of instruments to be ed by repeated loading and unloading installed depends upon rock cover, internal tests. pressure and geological features and properties 3.2.2 The information obtained from 3.2.1 of rock mass and should be fixed after due is required for providing supporting system in analysis. Instrumentation may be done in the tunnel and design lining. These are to be drifts which are made during investigation so obtained by installing instruments described that the data can be made available for design in 4.1. of supports and lining during execution of the work. 3.2.3 From the bore hole logs, rock quality designation ( RQD ) should be determined. Method for the quantitative descriptions of dis- Geotechnical and geological data should be continuities in rock masses: Part 11 Core recovery and collected with a view to enable modern rock rock quality. a ”IS : 4880 ( Part 1 ) - 1987 4.3 Suitable instruments may be used for which can be proceeded with as laid down in construction and post-construction stages. the following six parts of this code: Part 2 Geometric design, 4.4 The observations shall be taken in accord- Part 3 Hydraulic design, ance with the format and frequency suggested Part 4 ytnr;;uc;fral design of concrete lining by the experts. -9 Part 5 Structural design of concrete 5. GENERAL DESIGN lining in soft strata and soils, 5.1 Investigations as detailed in 2, 3 and 4 can Part 6 Tunnel supports, and be used in general designing of the tunnel Part 7 Structural design of steel lining. 4 ..BUREAU OF INQIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 3310131, 3311375 Telegrams: Manaksanstha (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 3310131, 3311375 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern: l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, 362499 CALCUTTA 700054 Northern: SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 21843, 31641 Southern: C.I.T. 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4350.pdf	IS : 4350 - 1967 Indian Standard SiECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE POROUS PIPES FOR UNDER DRAINAGE ( Fourth Reprint -MAY 1990 ) UDC 621.643.2:666.972:628.2 @ Copyright 1968 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG N.EW DELHI 110002 Gr4 February 1968IS:4350-1967 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE POROUS PIPES FOR UNDER DRAINAGE Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2 Chairman Representing SHRXK . K. NAMBIAR The Concrete Association of India, Bombay Members SHRI M. A. MEHTA ( Alternate to Shri K. K. Nambiar ) SHRI K. F. ANTIA M. N. Dastur & Co ( Pvt ) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. P. BAGCHI Sahu Cement Service, New Delhi SWRCP . S. BHATNAGAR Bhakra & Beas Designs Organization, New Delhi DR S. K. CHOPRA Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR), Roorkee SHRI J. S. SHARMA ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( CSM ) Central Water & Power Commission ( Ministry of Irrigation & Power ) DIRECTOR ( DAMS III ) ( Alternate ) DR R. K. GHOSH Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi SHRI B. K. GUHA Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER, END CIRCLE ( Alternate ) DR R. R. HATTIANGADI The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. N. PAI ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS Research Designs & Standards Organization (B&S) ( Ministry of Railways ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B&S) (Aftmratij SHRI S. B. JOSHI S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay PROP S. R. MEHRA Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi DR R. K. GHOSH ( Alternate ) SHRKS . N. MUKERJI National Test House, Calcutta SHRI E. K. RAMCHANDRaN( &?raUh ) SHRI Eaton A. NADIRSHAH Institute of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta BRIG NAR~~H P~as.4D Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI C. B. PATEL National Buildings Organization SHRI RABINDERS XNCH( Alternate ) &RI I. L. PATEL Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals SRRI T. N. S. -0 Gammon India Ltd, Bombay Ssinr S. R. PINHEIRO( Altemah ) RE~REsePiTArrtrz Geological Survey of India, Calcutta REPRESENTATICE The India Cements Ltd, Madras SHRI K. G. SALVI Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI C. L. KASLIU’AL ( A&mate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) BUREAU OF INDPAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .ls:4350-1967 ( Continued from page Members Representing D!&s&xRKAR Strucz~~ke~ginecring Research Centre ( CSIR ), . SHRI Z. GEORGE (Alternate) SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi SHRIL . SWXROOP Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, New Delhi SHRI A. V. RAMANP;( Alternate ) SHRI J. M. TREHAN Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport SHRI N. H. KESWANI ( Alternate ) DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA Cement Research Institute of India (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI R. NACARAJAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI Y. R. TANEJA Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Concrete Pipes and Poles Subcommittee, BDC 2 : 6 Convener SHRI S. B. JOSHI S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay Members SHRI A. P. BAGCHI Sahu Cement Service, New Delhi SHR! N. H. BHACWANANI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI R. CHAI\DRA StruzzikeFgineering Research Cenlre ( CSIR ), SHRI P. M. A. RAHIMAN f Alternate ) SHRI P. C. CHATTERJEE ’ O&ssa Cement Ltd, Rajgangpur SHRI J~GDI~HC HANDRAN IJHA- WAN t Alhnate ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ‘( DAMS-I ‘I Central Water & Power Commission (PH) DIRECTORO F TELEGRAPHS( L) Directorate General of Posts 8r Telegraphs DIVISIONAL ENGINEER TELE- GRAPHS(C ) ( Alternate ) GENERALM ANAGER Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI P. KINRA ( Alternate ) SHRIA.V.GHARPURE st;eEcan Hume Pipe Co Ltd, Bombay JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS Destgns & Standards Or’ganization (B&S) ( Ministry of Railways ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS ( B & S )-I ( Alternate ) SHRl M.A. MEHTA The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRX I. L. PATEL Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals SHRIV.PODDAR Rohtas Industries Ltd, Dalmianagar SU~~~I~E~ING SURVEYOR op Central Public Works Department SHRIV.M.TALATI The BSzz;Fpe & Construction Co ( Baroda ) Ltd, 2 . -- .IS : 4350- 1967 Zndian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR CONCRETE POROUS PIPES FOR UNDER DRAINAGE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted hy the Indian Standards Institution on 20 October 1967, after the draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Concrete porous pipes are commonly used for under drainage work in infiltration, galleries, reclaiming water-logged areas and similar other purposes. This standard has been prepared with the object of providing guidance to the manufacturers and users in obtaining porous concrete pipes capable of giving satisfactory service. 0.3 When porous pipes are to be used for under drainage work in injurious soils they may have to be manufactured from sulphate-refisting cement of high alumina cement, and in such cases the purchaser will have to speci- fically indicate his requirements ( see 3.1 ) along with other information to be supplied under Appendix A for guidance of the manufacturers. 0.4 This standard contains clauses which permit the purchaser to use his option for selection to suit his requirements and also require the purchaser to supply certain technical information at the time of placing orders ( see Appendix A ). The relevant clauses are 3.1, 4.1.1,4.2, 4.3.1.1 and 8.2. 0.5 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down the requirements for porous pipes made of concrete for use in under drainage. The requirements cover pipes ranging from 80 mm nominal internal diameter to 900 mm nominal internal diameter with three types ofjoints. Rulesfo r roundingo ff numerical values ( mised ). 3IS : 4350 - 1967 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply. 2.1 Porous Pipe - A hollow cylinder made of porous concrete and having the ends of the cylinder square with the longitudinal axis. 3. MATERIALS 3.1 Cement -- Cement used for the manufacture of porous pipes shall conform to IS : 269-1958* or IS : 455-1962t. When so required by the purchaser, high alumina cement or sulphate-resisting portland cement may be used ( see 0.3 and Appendix A ). The high alumina cement and sulphate- resistant cement shall be of quality approved by the purchaser, 3.2 Aggregates - The quality of the aggregates used for the manufacture of porous pipes shall conform to 1S : 383-19631. The aggregate shall completely pass through 20-mm IS Sieve and shall be completely retained on 475-mm IS Sieve. The aggregate shall be suitably graded to comply with the infiltration test ( see 6.4 ). 4. SHAPE AND DIMENSIONS 4.1 Unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer, the porous pipe shall be supplied in any of the following alternative forms: a) Pipe with uniform internal diameter as well as uniform wall thickness throughout its length and with both ends in the form of a butt ( see Fig. 1 ). b) Pipe with uniform internal diameter as well as uniform wall thickness throughout its length and having a portion at each end in which one ogee or rebate is formed in the wall thickness; the ogee or rebate at one end facing inwards and at the other end facing outwards, so that when the complimentary ends of two pipes are brought together, the. ends fit into each other to form a joint ( see Fig. 1 ). 4.1.1 When so required by the purchaser the porous pipes with non-porous inverts may be supplied. The non-porous inverts shall extend for the full length of the pipe and to a height equal to one-third of the internal diameter measured from the invert of the pipe as laid ( see Fig. 2 ). 4.2 Pipes of shapes other than those indicated in 4.1 may be supplied by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Specification for ordinary, rapid hardening and low heat portland cement ( revised ). +Specification for portland blastfurnace slag cement ( revised ). $Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete ( revised ). 4is:4350-1967 4.3 Dimensions 4.3.1 Diameter and Length - The nominal internal diameter, the effective length ( see Fig. 1 ) of the pipe and the minimum walr thickness shall be as in Table 1 4.3.1.1 Pipes of internal nominal diameter and effective lengths other than those specified inTable 1 may be supplied by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 4.3.2 Collars - For pipes having butt ends, the dimensions of the collars shall conform to the requirements given in Table 2. 4.4 Tolerances ’ 4.4.1 The permissible deviation for the effective length shall be plus or minus one percent .of the specified effective length. c EFFECTIVE LENGTH L EFFECTIVE LENGTH t .. ‘. ; .: 0,. ,.<, g : : ._, y.‘:;;::),‘;__:y _. .. : .: ; I t NqMlNAL INTERNAL NOMINAL INTERNAL DIAMETER (0 1 OIAMETER (0) _-- j I f a; #..: 2: .: f’. . . _‘_., ,J-, .“.d ;.+;_ ,;‘,y 1 ... :;, ‘Z“.,. 1 .:‘<i:..‘.: ,:: ,t.:..,. .1’. .I, 4. .... ,... ,, .,.,,..: -, Butt Ends Rebated or Ogee Ends Fro. 1 TYPICAL SKETCHO F CONCRETEP OROUSP IPF FORU NDER DRAINAGE ~10. 2 TYPICAL CROSS-SECTIOONF CONCRETEP OROUS PIPE WITH NON-POROUSI NVERT 5Is:4350-1967 TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS FOR CONCRETE POROUS PIPES ( fxwn 4.3.1 ) mm m mm (1) (2) (3) (4) 25 Butt, rebated or ogee 2 2’0 or 25 or 3.0 30 Butt, rebated or ogee . 400 500 2’5 or 3.0 35 Butt, rebated or ogee 450 ) 6 70 00 0 2’5 or 3.0 40 Butt, rebated or ogee 800 2’5 or 3.0 45 Butt, rebated or ogee 900 2’5 or 3-O 50 Butt, rebated or ogee TABLE 2 COLLAR DIMENSIONS ( Clause 4.3.2 ) Corun DIMENSIONS MWIMUM c 1 LENGTH Minim;p~caulking Minimum Thickness mm mm mm 1z 13 25 150 150 250 I 300-i 550 16 SO 150 480 J 450 19 35 200 500 ) 200 19 40 % > 800 19 45 200 900) 6IS : 4350 - 1967 4.4.2 The internal diameter of any porous pipe throughout the effective length shall nowhere deviate from the nominal internal diameter by more than the following limits: Nominal Internal Permissible Deviation from Nominal Diameter Internal Diameter $3 mm Up to and including 300 mm -1.5 mm +6 mm Over 300 mm, up to 400 mm -3 mm + 1.5 percent Over 400 mm - 0.75 percent 4.4.3 Permissible Deviation from Straightness - The permissible deviation from straightness of any porous pipe, throughout its effective length measured on the inside on a line parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pipe, and by means of a rigid straight edge, shall not exceed for all diameters, 3 mm for every metre run. 5. MANUFACTURE AND FINISH 5.1 General - The methods ofmanufacture shall be such that the form and dimensions of the finished pipe are accurate within the limits specified in this standard. The edges of the pipe shall be well defined and their ends shall be square with the longitudinal axis. The portion of the pipe for a length of 75 mm from either end may be strengthened by grouting or any other suitable means to prevent the breakage. 5.1.1 It is not always necessary to reinforce the pipes. Holvevcr, if required to add to the strength of the pipe for bearing external load or to withstand handling dping transportation, the pipes may be reinforced with the galvanized steel remforcement. 5.2 Non-porous Inverts - Non-porous inverts may be made by grouting or any other suitable method. 5.3 Maturing of Porous Pipes - Unless otherwise authorized by the purchaser no pipes shall be supplied under this specification until they have been allowed to mature under suitable conditions. 6. TESTS 6.1 Test Specimens - All pipes for testing purposes shall be selected at random in accordance with the procedure given in Appendix B from the stock of the manufacturer and shall be such as would not otherwise be rejected under this.specification. 76.2 The specimens ofpipes selected in accordance with 6.1 shall be subjected to the following tests: a) Load test in accordance with requirements of 6.3, and b) Infiltration test in accordance with requirements of 6.4. 6.2.1 The pipe specimens when tested in accordance with the require- ments of 6.3 shall support for at least one minute a minimum load of 2 000 kg uniformly distributed per metre length of the pipe without showing any signs of failure. 6.2.2 The rate of infiltration of pipe specimens tested horizontally under a constant head of water of 50 mm above the pipe specimen in accordance with the requirements of 6.4 shall be not less than the following: Nominal Zntemai Diameter Rate of TnjItration per Metre Length of the Pipe mm l/min 80 60 1 E 120 250 180 300 350 1 400 1 450 500 I 300 600 1 700 I 800 900 J 6.2.2.1 The rate of infiltration for porous pipes with non-porous inverts shall be not less than half the values specified in 6.2.2 for porous pipes. 6.2.3 The manufacturer shall regularly carry out infiltration tests on specimens corresponding to the pipe manufactured and shall provide suffi- cient proof to the purchaser that the pipes supplied satisfy the porosity test. However, if the purchaser desires to have porosity test carried out on any sample, the cost of the pipe shall be borne by the purchaser unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 6.3 Load Test - The pipe to be tested shall be placed centrally between, and with its longitudinal axis parallel to, two hard unyielding bearers of 150 mm width, with rubber packing 150 mm wide and 25 mm thick between the bearers and the pipe ( see Fig. 3 ). 6.3.1 The load shall be steadily and uniformly applied, starting from zero, at a rate not exceeding 165 kg/m length of pipe in 10 seconds. The pipe shall 8IS : 4350 - 1967 Fro. 3 DIAGRAMI LLUSTRATINGT HE METHOD OF CARRYING OUT LOAD TEST support without any sign of failure for at least one minute a minimum load specified in 6.2.1. 6.4 Infiltration Test - The porous pipe to be tested shall be thoroughly cleaned before testing to remove dust and dirt particles likely to reduce the porosity of pipe. The water used for testing shall be free from suspended impurities. 6.4.1 The pipe shall be fixed horizontally in a test tank with each end of the pipe protruding through $e. tank as shown in Fig. 4. A water-tight seal shall be made between the sides of the tank and the pipe with putty, plasticine or other sealing material. The tank should have some arrange- ment of removable ends so that, for testing different diameters of pipe, it can be dismantled and re-erected with two ends having holes of the right size to take the pipe to be tested. 6.4.2 The test tank shall be filled with water completely immersing the porous pipe. The head of water in this tank shall be maintained throughout the test at 50 mm above the pipe. Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically one method by which the water can be made to flow back through an overflow pipe from the test tank into a reservoir tank when the specified head of water is reached in the test tank and maintained by adjusting the flow. The water flowing from the collecting tank will then be diverted through the two-way control valve into the measuring tank for the specified time. The amount of water in litres per minute filling the measuring tank divided by the effective length in metres of that part of the porous pipe through which water can percolate, shall give the rate of infiltration of the pipe as specified in 6.2.2. 7, MARKING 7.1 The following information shall be clearly marked on each pipe: a) Date of manufacture, and b) Name of manufacturer or his registered trade-mark or both. 9IS:4350-1967 7.1.1E ach pipe may also be marked with the ISI Certification Mark. NOTE -The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act, and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. Presence of this mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard, under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control during production. This system, which is devised and supervised by IS1 and operated by the producer, has the further safeguard that the products as actually marketed are continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to the standard. Details of conditions, under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufac- turers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. COCK FOR FLOW ADJUSTMENT POROUS PIPE COLLECTING TANK FOR INFILTRATED WATER WO-WAY CONTROL VALi’E +lEASURING TANK STOP COCKS 4 FIG. TYPICALARRANCEMENTOPTESTINGAPPARATUS FOR INFILTRATION OFCONORETE POROUSPIPE 10 .IS : 4350 - 1967 8. DELIVERY, INSPECTION AND TEKfING FACILITIES 8.1 The purchaser or his representative shall at all reasonable times have free access to theplace where the pipes arc nlXl&CtUred hr the per-pc~se of examining and sampling the materials and pipes, and for supervising the testing and marking, if necessary, of the pipes. ‘I’hc manufacturer shall provide, free of extra charge, cvcry facility and all labour required for sucl~ examination, sampling, inspecting, testing and marking before delivery and shall provide and maintain in good working order suitable, convenient and accurate apparatus for testing sample pipes. Failing facilities at his own works for making the prescribed tests the manufacturer shall bear the cost of carrying out the tests elsewhere. 8.2 Porous Pipes Supplied from Stock - When pipes made to this specification are supplied from stock the manufacturer shall, if so required, furnish to the purchaser a certificate that the pipes have been made in all respects in accordance with and comply with the requirements of this standard. Should the purchaser so desire, any or all of the tests, herein specified, shall be made by the manufacturer, and if the pipes pass the tests they shall he deemed to comply, provided that they comply with the other requirements of this specification. In the event of failure to pass the tests, they shall be deemed not to comply. 9. SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY 9.1 The method of drawing representative samples of the material and the criteria for conformity shall be as prescribed in Appendix B. APPENDIX A ( Clauses 0.3 and 0.4 ) INFORMATION RECOMMENDED TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER WITH ENQU1R.Y OR ORDER A-l. The information with regard to the following requirements shall be supplied to the manufacturer while making an enquiry or placing order for porous concrete pipes: a) Type and nominal diameter of pipes required, b) Type of cement to be used ( see 0.3 and 3-l), c) Whether a sample of the aggregate is required, and d) Whether the process of manufacture and the finished pipes are to be inspected. 11IS : 4350 - 1967 APPENDIX B ( C/cruses G.1 uizd 9.1 ) SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMlTY B-l. SAMPLlNG B-l.1 Scale of Sampling B-1.1.1 Lo/-- 111a ny cousignmrnt, all the pipes of the same form and size and manufactured ulider similar conditions of production shall be grolrped togcthcr to c-oustitute a lot. The conformity of a lot to the requircmcnts of this specification shall be ascertained on the basis of tests on pipes sclcctcd fi-om it. B-1.2 ‘1’1~ rlrInllx-r ol’pipcs to be selected from the lot shall be in accordance with co1 2, 2 23litl 4 ol”l‘ablc 3. TABLE 3 SAMPLE SIZE AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY ior SIZE FOR RQUIREMENTSU NDER4 SAMPLE SIZE c-.--.--_A-______~ FOR TESTS Sample Size Permissible Number UNDER6 .2 (1) 12) (3) (4) up to 50 1:; :: 210000 :: : 43 ’ 201 I, 300 z 9 5 350011 &d5 0a0b ove 5450 9 1; B-1.3 These pipes shall be selected at random. In order to ensure random- ness, all the pipes in the lot may be arranged in a serial order and starting from any pipe every rth pipe be selected till the requisite number is obtained, r being the integral part of iv/‘/z,w here N is the lot size and n the sam- ple size. B-2. NUMBER OF TESTS B-2.1 All the pipes selected as in B-l.2 shall be inspected for dimensional requirements, finish and deviation from straightness ( see 4 ). B-2.2 The number of pipes to be tested for tests under 6.2 shall be i,n ac- cordance with co1 4.of Table 3. These pipes shall be selected from pipes that have satisfied the requirements mentioned in B-2.1. 12IS : 4350 - 1967 R-3. CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY R-3.1 A lot shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of this specification if the conditions mentioned in B-3.2, B-3.3, and B-3.3.1 are satisfied; otherwise it shall be considered as not conforming to the require- ments of this specification. B-3.2 The number of defective pipes ( those not satisfying one or more of the requirements for dimensions, finish and deviation from straightness ) shall not be more thar. the permissible number given in co1 3 of Table 3. B-3.3 All the pipes tested for various tests under 6.2 shall satisfy corres- ponding requirements of the tests. B-3.3.1 Jn case the number of pipes not satisfying requirements of any one or more tests is one or two, a further sample of the same size shall be selected and tested for the test(s) in which failure has occurred. All these pipes shall satisfy the corresponding requirements of the test. 13BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksan’stfba ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 I Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I, P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, 21843 CHANDfGARH 160036 3 16 41 I 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 1 t: 229”:6 9 twestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 8 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 I 2 63 49 +,Peenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 38 49 56 I Ganaotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Naoar, 667 16 ~H~PAL 462003 Plot No. 82,183, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 53j5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-S-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), 231083 HYDERABAD 500001 63471 R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 f 6 98 32 21 68 76 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar. KANPUR 2O8005 1 21 82 92 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 T.C. No. 1411421. University P.O.. Patayam 16 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17 inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 4400 IO Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 P.UNE 411005 -- --_ Sales Office in Calcutta is a1 5 Chowringhee Appro.jch, P. 0. Prmcep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 tsales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, 69 66 28 Bombay 400007 #Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Nareslmharaja Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002 I?cprograplly Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
13430.pdf	Indian Standard SAFETY DURING ADDITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONANDALTERATIONTO EXISTING BUILDINGS-CODEOF PRACTICE UDC 69.059~3 : 614.8 : 006.78 Q BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK RHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NF,W DEl>HI 11fWE .July 19Y2 Price Croup 2Safety in Construction Sectional Committee, CED 45 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Safety in Construction Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. A large number of workmen, skilled and unskilled, are employed in the numerous construction work, big and small, under execution in the country. Due to the increased tempo of such works and large scale machanization, hazards of accidents have increased considerably. It has, therefore, become imperative that adequate safety rules are laid down for every phase of work and that these are meticul- ously followed. Safety aspects in some of the constructions may assume such a great importance that instead of merely deputing supervisory staff in adequate strength to look after the safety aspects, it may become desirable to have a separate organization to control this important aspect. Many safety measures are required to be taken during construction and alterations to existing build- ings for the safety of workers and public. It has, therefore, been felt necessary to lay down the safety measures required to be taken during such construction with a view to minimizing the risk of accidents and injuries and accordingly this standard has been brought out.IS 13430: 1992 Indian Standard SAFETYDURINGADDITIONAL CONSTRUCTIONANDALTERATIONTO EXISTINGBUIEDINGS-CODBOFPRACTICE 1 SCOPE 3.4.1 Proper precautions shall be taken for safety of persons and adjoining property before This standard lays down the safety require- undertaking any blasting operation. Red flags ments required for various operations and items shall be prominently displayed around the area during additional construction and alteration to be blasted. All the people on the work except to existing buildings. those who actually light the fuses shall be with- drawn to a safe distance of not less than 300 2 REFERENCES meters from the blasting site. Recommenda- tions given in IS 4081 : 1986 shall be followed The following Indian Standards are necessary for safety during various operations involved adjuncts to this standard : in the process of blasting. IS No. Title NOTE - Explosive of high velocity of detonation 3696 @r& 1 ) : Safety code for scaffolds and shall not be used. Only low type of explosive or chemical which swells shall be used for the purpose ladders: Part 1 Scaffold (Jirst of breaking hard rock. revision ) 3696 ( Part 2 ) : Safety code for scaffolds and 3.5 All trenches l-2 m or more in depth shall at 1991 ladders : Part 2 Ladders all times be supplied with at least one ladder (first revision ) for each 30 m length or fraction thereof. Ladder 3764 : 1992 Excavation work - Code of shall be extended from the bottom of the trench safety (first reyision ) to at least 90 cm above the surface of the ground. The side of the trenches which are 4081 : 1986 Safety code for blasting and 1.5 m or more in depth shall be stepped back to related drilling operations give suitable slope or securely held by timber (first revision ) bracing, so as to avoid the danger of sides to collapse. The excavated materials shall not be 3 EXCAVATION AND TRENCHING placed within I-5 m of the edges of the trench or half of the depth of the trench whichever is 3.1 Trenches and foundation pits shall be more. Cutting shall be done from top to bottom. adequately and securely fenced, provided with Under no circumstances undermining or under- proper caution signs and marked with red lights cutting shall be done. at suitable intervals during night to avoid acci- dents. Adequate protective measures shall be 3.6 Shoring and strutting, where necessary, shall. taken to see that the excavation operations do closely follow the excavation. not affect or damage adjoining existing build- ings. 3.7 Recommendations given in IS 3764 : 1992 shall be followed, to the extent applicable, 3.2 Position of all underground installations depending on site condition. such as sewer, gas pipes, water pipes, electrical cables and other civic facilities that may cause 4 SCAFFOLD AND LADDERS danger during the work shall be checked and proper precautions shall be taken not to damage 4.1 Suitable scaffolds should be provided for them, workmen for all works that cannot be safely done from the ground or from solid construe. 3.3 Land shall be cleared of trees, loose bould- tion, except such work as can be done safely ers and other obstructions before excavation from ladders for a short period. When a ladder commences so as to avoid accidents. is used, an extra mazdoor shall be engaged for 3.4 Where hard rock is met with and blasting holding the ladder and if the ladder is used for operations are considered necessary, the cont- carrying materials as well, suitable footholds ractor shall obtain the permission of the and handholes shall be provided on the ladder Engineer-in-Charge in writing for resorting to and the ladder shall be given an inclination not blasting operation. Only low explosive like gun steeper than 1 to 4 ( 1 horizontal to 4 power shall be used. vertical ). 1TS 13430 : 1992 .4.2 Scaffolding or staging at and above 3.5 m 7.3 Materials liable to cause persons to slip or height above the ground or floor shall have a trip and fall should be cleared immediately. guard rail properly attached, bolted, braced and 7.4 Projecting nails shall be removed or bent secured at least 90 cm high above the floor or over. platform. Such guard rails shall be provided with openings as may be necessary for the 8 PROTECTIVE BARRIERS delivery of materials. Scaffolding or staging shall be fixed to prevent it from swaying from Where there is a danger of collapse of the building or structure. structure, steps shall be taken to barricade the area and support the structure. Safety requirements described in 1s 3696 ( Parts 1 and 2 ) shall be followed while using scaffolds 9 SAFETY EQUIPMENT FOR WORKERS and ladders. 9.1 All necessary personal safety equipment as 5 WORKING PLATFORM, GANGWAYS AND considered necessary should be kept available STAIRWAYS for use of the persons employed on the site and maintained in a condition suitable for immediate 5.1 These should be so constructed that they do use. not sag unduly or unequally. If the height of the platform or the gangway or the stairway is 9.2 Workers employed on mixing asphaltic more than 3.5 m above ground level or floor materials, cement and lime mortars shall be level, they should be constructed with planks provided with protective hand and foot wear closely secured and suitably fastened. and protective goggles. 5.2 Openings in the Floor of Buildings 9.3 Workers employed in white washing and stacking of cement bags or any materials which Every openings in the floor of a building or in a are injurious to the eyes shall be provided with working platform shall be provided with neces- protective goggles. sary railing and/or toe guard. 9.4 Workers engaged in welding works shall be 5.3 Safe Means of Access provided with welders protective eye shields. Safe means of access shall be provided to all 9.5 Stone breakers shall be provided with working platforms and other workings places. protective goggles, leg guards and protective Every ladder shall be securely fixed. Ladders clothings and they should be seat.ed at conforming to the requirements described in sufficiently safe distance from each other. IS 3696 ( Part 2 ) : 1991 shall be used. 9.6 Whenever workmen are employed on the 6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS AND work of lead painting, the following precautions SYSTEM should be taken: 6.1 Adequate precautions shall be taken to a) No paint containing lead or lead products prevent danger from electrical installations as shall be used except in the form of paste described in Indian Standard Recommendations or ready mixed paint. for preventive measures against hazards at work- b) Suitable face masks shall be supplied for sites for electrical safety ( under preparation ). use by the workers when paint is applied in the form of spray or a surface having 6.2 Temporary electrical lines shall be hung lead paint is to be dry rubbed and overheaa and not run along the floor. All scrapped. electrical system components shall be protected from damage. 9.7 Use of Hoisting Machines 7 STACKING OF MATERIALS 9.7.1 Use of hoisting machines and tackle including their attachments, anchorage and 7.1 No materials at worksites shall be so stac- supports shall conform to the following require- ked or placed as to cause danger or inconveni- ments: ence to any worker or the public. Necessary fencing and lights to protect the public from a) These shall be of good mechanical cons- accidents are to be provided. truction, sound material and adequate strength and free from patent repair and 7.2 No overloading which is likely to disturb defects and shall be kept in good working the stability of the structure, shall be done on condition, any of the floor or a part of the building. b) Every rope used in hoisting or lowering 7.2.1 Waste materials should be cleared and materials or as a means of suspension, removed as demolition proceeds so as to prevent shall be of durable quality and adequate overloading and obstruction for workmen. strength, and free from patent defects. 2IS 13430: 1992 -9.7.2 In case of every hoisting machine and of the principal employer and whenever the con- every chain, ring, hook, shackle, swivel and tractor brings any machinery to site of work, he block used in hoisting or as a means of suspen- should get it verified by the competent sion, the safe working load shall be ascertained authority. by approved means. Every hoisting machine 9.7.4 Motors, transmission gears, electric wiring referred to above shall be marked with safe and other parts of hoisting appliances should be working load. In case of a hoisting machine provided with means to reduce the rusk of acci- having a variable safe working load, each safe dental descent of the load. Precautions should working load and the conditions under which it be taken to avoid the risk of any part of a is applicable shall be clearly indicated. No part suspended load being accidentally dislodged. of any machine or any gear referred to above shall be loaded beyond the safe working load 9.7.5 When workers are employed on electrical except for the purpose of testing. installations which are already energised, insul- ating mats and wearing apparel, such as gloves, 9.7.3 In case of departmental machines, the sleeves and tools, as may be necessary, shall be safe working load shall be notified. As regards provided. The workers should not wear any contractor’s machines, the contractor shall ring, watch, and carry keys or other materials notify the safe working load of the machine to which are good conductor of electricity. 3Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Zndiun Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer, Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for con- formity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a ticence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations, Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No CED 45 ( 4848 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected _--- BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 ( Common to all offices) Regional Offices : Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 87 86 62 CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43 Southern : C. I. T. 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2720_14.pdf	IS t 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 14 DETERMINATION OF DENSITY INDEX (RELATIVE DENSITY-) OF COHESIONLESS SOILS First Revision ) ( First Reprint MARCH 199-t UDC 624.131.21:624.131.431.5 @ Copyright 1984 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI Iloo Gr4 April 1984IS I 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST’FOR SO1 LS PART 14 DETERMINATION OF DENSITY INDEX ( RELATIVE DENSITY ) OF COHESIONLESS SOILS ( First Revision ) Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Reprcrrnfing Association of Indian Universities, New Delhi Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Universitv of Jodhpur, Jodhpur Engineering Research Laboratorirr, Government of Antlhra Pradtsh, Hyderabad Concrete ~\ssociatian of India, Bombay Irrigation Departurent, Gov+rnmcnt of Punjab, Chandigarh In personal capacity (5 IZqq-rfbrd Corrrt, 12/l, Hungerford Street, Cafcuttu ) lndian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi (:,.ntral Snil & Materials Resrarcll Station, New Delhi Irrigation Department, Covrrnmtnt of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee Asia Foundations and Constrt~ctiort jr! Ltd, Hor&;~> University of Roorkre, Roorkee; aftd Institute of Enginc~rrs ( India ), Calcutta IC crnindia Company Limited, Rombav ( Contintrrd 0s pnge 2 ) Q Coprrighl 1984 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publicatton is protr-rt~~l 1rndr.r the Mien Csbyright /!ct ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS .I2 ’120( Part 14 ) - 1983 (Continucdffom pugs 1 ) Members Represrnfing SEBI M. IYENGAR En ineers india Limited, New Delhi SHRI ASHOK K. JAIN G.! . Jain and Associates, Roorkee SHRI VIJAY K. JAIN ( Altcrnatc) JOINT DIRECTOR RESEABOH (GE)-I, Ministry of Railways RDSO JOINT DIRECTOR RESEA~OH LT Co~GVE)~IKRn~~T~~~A~~srau~~) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI 0. P. MALHOTRA Public Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis- tration, Chandigarh SHHI D. R. NAI~AHARI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ). . Roorkee - Sntu V. S. A~ARWAL ( Alternate ) SHRI T. K. NATILAJAN Cntral Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI RANJXT SIN~H Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHNI P. D. DESHPAN~E ( Alternate ) DR G. B. RAO Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR K. K. GUPTA I Alfcmats J RESEARCH OFFICER (B ik RRL) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi DEPUTY S~~~REXARY( Allera& ) SHRI N. SIVA~~~ZU Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport ) SHI~I P. R. KALRA ( Aftcrnatc ) SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHI~I SUNIL BERRY ( Altarnatc ) DR N. SAM Jadavpur University, Calcutta SHRI N. SUBRAXANYAM Karnataka Engineering Research Station, Krishnarajasagar SUPERINTENDING ENQIN~~R Public WorksDepartment, Government of Tamil (P&DC) Nadu, Madras EXECU~FIVEB N~INEER ( SMRD) ( Alterndc J SHRI H. C. VET: 11A All India Instrument Manufacturers and Dealers Association, Bombay SARI H. K. GUHA ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&o Membe)r Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHHI K. M. MATI~UR Senior Deputy Dire&or ( Civ Engg ), ISI Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3 Conucnn DR ALAX SINOIH University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur Membcrr SHRI AXAR SIN~H Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee SFIRI M. R. SONEJA ( Aftcrnat~) ( Centinaedo n pagr I4 ) 2IS t 2720 ( Part 14) - 1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 14 DETERMINATION OF DENSITY INDEX (RELATIVE DENSITY ) OF COHESIONLESS SOILS 0.1 This Indian Standard ( E‘irst Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 28 November 1983, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering and Rock klechnriics Sectional (‘omlllittee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 This part deals with the method for the determination of density index ( relative density ) of cohesionless soils. For cohesionless soils in the natural or artificially cotnpacted state neither the actuffl density ( or void ratio ) nor the actual density express 2s a percentage of the maximum density give an exact idea of the compactness 01 the soil. The concept of density index ( relative density ) gives a practically useful measure of compactness of such soils. The compacti\ e characteristics of cohesionless soils and the related properties of such soils are dependent on facto! s like grain size distribution and shape of individual particles. Density index ~(r elative density ) is also affected by these factors and serves as a parameter to correlate properties of soils. Various soil properties, such as penetration resistance, compressibility, compaction li iction angle, permeability and California bearing ratio are fount1 to havr simple relationships with density index ( relatiye density ). 0.3 This standard was first published in year 1968. This revision has been prepared so as -to give more details of vibratory table, deletions of specifications of moulds and its assembly, which aie being published separately in detail, and adding an alternative method using vibratory hammer. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, final value, observed or calculated, expressing result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in rounded off value? should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. Rules for rounding o8‘nunwricaI values (m&f,. 3IS : 2720 ( Part 14 ) ‘1983 1. SCOPE 1.1 This part ( Part 14 ) covers the principal and alternative laboratory methods for the determination of the density index ( relative density ) of cohesionless free draining soils. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of thiF.standard_, the following definition shall apply. 2.1 Density Index, Id (or Relative Density &)I -The ratio of the difference between the void ratio of a cohesionless soil in the loosest state and any given void ratio-to the difference between its void ratios in the loosest and in the densest states. 3. PRINCIPAL METHOD USING VIBRATORY TABLE 3.1 Apparatus 3.1.1 Vibratory Table - a steel table with a cushioned steel vibrating deck about 75 x 75 cm. The vibrator should have a net mass of over 45 kg. The vibrator shall have a frequency of 3600 vibrations per minute, a vibrator amplitude variable between 0.05 and 0.65 mm in steps of 0.05 to 0.25 mm, 0.25 to 0.45 mm and 0.45 to 0.65 mm under a 11-kg load and shall be suitable for use with a 415-V three phase supply. 3.1.2 Morrl~s - With Guide Sleeves -cylindrical metal unit mass moulds of 3 000 cm” and 15 000 cm3 capacity conforming to the requirements as given in IS : 10837-1984. 3.1.3 Surcharge Base Plates with Handle - one surcharge base plate 10 mm in thickness for ezch size mould conforming to requirements given in IS : 10837-1984. 3.1.4 Surcharge Masses -- one surcharge mass for each size mould conforming to requirements given in IS : 10837-1984. 3.1.5 Dial Gauge Holder - conforming to Fequirements given in IS : 10837-1984. 3.1.6 Dial Gauge - 50 mm travel with 0.025 mm graduations (see IS : 2092.1962t ). 3.1.7 Calibration Bar --of metal and 75 x 300 x 5 mm in size. Specification for moulds ad accessories for determination of density index ( relative density j of cohesionlrss soils, +Spccification for dial gauges. 4 cIS t 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 3.1.8 Pouring Dtokts - consisting of funnels 12 mm nnd 25 mm in diameter and 15 cm long, with cylindrical spouts and lipped brims for attaching to 15 cm diameter and 30 cm thigh metal cans. 3.1.9 Mixing Pans - suitable size are GO x $0 cm and IO cm deep and 40 x 40 cm and 5 cm deep. 3.1.19 Wtighing Scalt -portable platform scale, 100 kg capacity \\;ith sensitivity of 20 g in accordance with IS : 1435-l%O. 3.1.11 Hoist - suitable hoist of at least 135 kg c:~p.!cit~. 3.1.12 Melal Hand Scoop 3.1.13 Bristlt Brush 3.l.W Timing Dtvict - indicating in minutes and seconds. 3~1.15 Mttal Straight Edge - about 40 cm long. 3.1.16 Micromtttr - 0 to 25 mm, accurate to 0’025 mm. 3.2 Calibration - The volume of the mould should be determined by direct measurement ( 3.2.1 ) and checked by filling with water (3.2.2~. The initial dial reading for computing the v-olume of the specimen should be determined as provided in 3.2.3. 3.2.1 Dcltrminarion IJ Volultle by Direct Measu~emrn~ - ‘l’he average inside diameter and height of the mould should be measured to 0.025 m111. Volume of the 3 000 cm3 mould should be calculated to the nearest 3 cnl% and that of 15 000 cm’ mould to the nearest 30 cma. The average inside croar-rectional area of the mould should also be calctilated in square cetimetres. 3.2.2 ~Dt~trrtkAon of Volunrt by Fillhg with ll’oler - Tire mould should be filled with water-and a gloss plate should be slid carefully over the top surface of the mould in such a manner as to ensure that the mould is completely filled with water. The temperature of the water should be measured and the mars in grams of the water filling- the mould should be determined. The volume of the mould should be calculated in cubic’ centimetres by multiplying the mass of water by the volume of water per gram at the measured temperature. 3.2.3 Dtttrmination of lnilial Dial Rtading for Computing tht Volutnts of the Sptcimtn - The thickness of the surcharge base plate and the calibration bar should be measured to 0.025 mm using a micrometer. The Specification for platform?veighing machiner. 5IS : 2720( Part 14 ) - 1983 calibration-bar should -then be placed across a diameter of the mould along the axis of the guide brackets. The dial gauge holder should be inserted in each of the guide brackets on the mould with the dial gauge stem on top of the calibration bar and on the axis of the guide brackets. The dial gauge holder should be placed in the, same position in the guide brackets each time by means of matchmarks on the guide brackets and the holder. Six dial gauge readings should be obtained, three on the left side and three on the right side, and these six readings averaged. The initial dial reading should be computed by adding together the,surcharge base plate thickness and the average of the six dial gauge readings and subtracting the thickness of the calibration bar. The initial dial reading is constant for a particular mould and surcharge base plate combination. 3.3 Soil Sample 3.3.1 A representative sample of soil should be selected. The mass of soil sample to be taken depends upon the maximum size of particle in the soil as given in Table I. TABLE 1 MASS OF SOIL SAMPLE TO -BE TAKEN FOR THE TEST MAXIVUYVI M.\ss OP SOIL Ponww DEVICE TO SIZE OR.+ SIZE OF SOIL SASIPGE REQrjIHEt~ ~IEUJEDINTESTBOR Mourn TO PARTICLE THE DETERMINATION BE USED OF MIXINU~C DENSITY (I) (2) (3) (4) In,,, kg cm8 75 45 Shovel or extra large 15ooo scoop 97.5 12 scoop 3 000 I9 12 scoop 3000 9.50 12 Pouring device 3~0CO ( 25 mm dia spout ) ct.75 12 Pouring device 3 000 ( 12 mm dia spout ) 3.3.2 The soil sample should be dried in an oven at a temperature of 105 to 110°C. The soil sample should be pulverized without breaking the individual soil particles atid sieved through the requited sieve. 3.4 Pr~ocedure for the Determination of Minimum Density 3.4.1 The pouring device and mould should be selected according to the maxirnum size of particle as indicated in Table 1. The mould should be weighed and the mass recorded. Oven-dry soils should be used. 6I§ 82 7,29 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 3.4.2 Soil containing particles smaller than 9.50 mm should be placed as loosely as possible in the mould by pouring the soil through the spout in a steady stream. The spout should be adjusted so that the height of free fall of the soil is always 25 mm. While pouring the soil the pouring device should be moved in a spiral motion from the outside towards the centre to form _a soil layer of uniform thickness without segregation. The mould should be filled approximately 25 mm above the top and levelled with top by. making one continuous pass with the steel straightedge. If all excess matter is not removed, an additional continuous pass should be made. Great care shall be exercised to avoid jarring the mould during the entire pouring and trimming operation. The mould and the soil should be weighed and the mass recorded. 3.4.3 Soil containing particles larger than 9.50 mm should be placed by means of a large scoop ( or shovel ) held as close as possible to and just above the soil surface to cause the material to slide rather than fall into the previously placed soil. If necessary, large particles may be held by hand to prevent them from rolling off the scoop. The mould should be filled to overflowing but not more than 25 mm above the top. The surface of the soil should be levelled with the top of the mould using the steel straightedge ( and the fingers, if necessary) in such a way that any slight projections of the larger particles above the top of the mould shall approximately balance the larger voids in the surface below the top of the mould. The mould and the soil should be weighedand the mass recorded. 3.5 Procedure for the Determination of Maximum Density 3.5.1 The maximum density may be determined by either the dry or wet method. 3.5.2 Dry Method 3.5.2.1 The guide sleeve should be assembled on top of the mould and the clamp assemblies tightened so that the inner surfaces of the walls of the mould and the sleeve are in line. The lock nuts on the two set screws equipped with them should be tightened. The third clamp should be loosened, the guide sleeve removed, the empty mould weighed and its mass recorded. 3.5.2.2 The mould should then be filled with the thoroughly mixed ovendry soil by the procedure explained in 3.4.2 or 3.4.3. The mould filled for the determination of minimum density may also be used for this test. 3.5.2.3 The guide sleeves should be attached to the mould and the surcharge base plate should be placed on the soil surface. The surcharge 7. IS : 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 weight should then be lowered on the base-plate using the hoist in the case of the 15 000 cm mould. 3.5.2.4 The mould should be fixed to the vibrator deck (see Fig. 1D for assembly. The vibrator control should be set at maximum amplitude and the loaded soil specimen should be vibrated for 8 minutes. Yilc-kv/- SURCHARGE WEI6Ht 25 APPROX Ii -SURCHARGE BASE PLATE I/ / SOIL SPECIMEN 1 / /GUIDE BRACKETS VIERAT OR -\ i_ : I 1 / y,?qfi/. I’ / I -. \ I I I II / / 1 I 1 d LTO VIBRATOR OR CONTROLLER AND ELECTRICAL SOURCE All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. I ASSEMBLLYOFTHE APPARATUS 8LS I 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1963 The surcharge weight and guide sleeves should be removed from the mould. The dial gauge readings on two opposite sides of the surcharge base plate should be obtained and the average recorded. The mould with the soil should be weighed and its mass recorded. 3.5.3 Wet Method 3.5.3.1 The wet method ( Se6 Note ) may be conducted on dry soil or wet soil from the field. NOTE--While the dry method is preferred from the standpoint of securin results in a shorter period of time, the highest maximum density is obtaine ff from some soils in a saturated state. At the beginning of a laboratory testing programme, or when a radical change of materials occurs, the maximum densitv test should be performed on both wet and dry soils to determine which method results in higher maximum density. If the wet method produces higher maximum densities (‘in excess of one percent ) it shall be followed in succeeding tests. 3.5.3.2 The mould should be filled with wet soil. Sufficient water should be added to the soil to allow a small quantity of free water to accumulate on the surface of the soil during’ filling. During and just after filling the mould, it should be vibrated for a total of 6 minutes. During this period the amplitude of the vibrator should be reduced as much as necessary to avoid excessive boiling and fluffing of the soil, which may occur in some soils. During the final minutes of vibration, any water appearing above the surface of the soil should be removed. 3.5.3.3 The guide sleeve, surcharge base plate and surcharge weight should be assembled as described in 8.5.2.3. 3.5.3.4 The specimen with the surcharge weight should be vibrated for 8 minutes. After the vibration, the surcharge lveight and the guide should be removed from the mould. Dial gauge readings should be obtained on two opposite sides of the surchilrge base plate and recorded. The entire wet specimen should be carefully removed from the mould, dried to constant mass, weighed and the mass recorded. 3.6 Calcrlations 3.6.1 Minimum Density -The minimum density, Ymin, in g/cm* should be calculated as follows : where W,* = mass of dry soil in the minimum density test in g; and VC = calibrated volume of the mould in cmS. 9IS : 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 3.6.2 Maximum Den+ - The maximum density, ynllX, in g/cm3 should be calculated as follows : 1s where 11; = mass of dry soil in the maximum density test in g; ve = volume of soil in maximum density test in cm”; = r’C - ( Di-Df ) 11; D, = initial dial gauge reading in cm; Df = final dial gauge reading on the surcharge base plate after completion of the vibration period in cm; and ‘.1 = cross-sectional area of mould in cm”. 3.6.3 Density ~ofSo il In-Placc-- ‘I’he dry density of soil in-place, Y,~ should be determine in accordance with IS : 2720 ( Part 28)-1966. 3.6.4 Density Index (Rtlatiw Dcnsify ) - The density index, Id ( relative density, &) expressed as a percentage should be calculated as follows: Ymax ( Yd - Ymm1 la ( or D, ) = ___-__ ____-_ x ,a() Yd ( Ym;lr -. Ymin) or in terms of void ratio emax - C Id (Or&)= - x 100 emax - emin where +.a = void ratio of the soil in loosest state, G = void ratio of the soil in the field, and e,i,, F void ratio of the soil in its densest state obtainable in the laboratory. 4. ALTERNATE METHOD USING VIBRA’IORY HAMMER 4.1 Apparatas 4.1.1 iuoul& - A cylindrical metal mould with an internal diameter of 152 mm and an internal effective height of 127 mm, with a detachable baseplate and a collar 50 mm deep, conforming to IS : 9669-1980t. Methods of test for soil; : Part 28 Determination of dry density of aoils in-place by tbe rand replacement method (jrrr rrDirion) . tSpecification for CBR moulds’and acceasorier. IOIS : 2720( Part 14) - 1@83 4.1.2 Vibratory Hammer - An electric vibrating hammer having a power consumption between 600 W and 750 W and operating at a frequency between 25’ Hz and 45 Hz. 4.1.9 Tamper- A steel tamper attached to the vibrating hammer; the tamper shall have a circular foot of 145 mm diameter and shall not exceed 3 kg in mass. 4.1.4 Balance - readable and accurate to 5 g. 4.1.5 A 37’5-mm Sieve and Receiver 4.1.6 Straightedge - a steel strip 300 mm long, 25 mm wide and 3 mm thick. 4.1.7 Depth Gauge or Steel Rule. ‘4.1.8 Metal Tray - 600 mm x 500 mm and with sides 80 mm deep. 4.1.9 Stop-Watch or Stop Clock 4.2 Procedure 4.2.1 Soil not Susceptible IO Crushing During Compaction 4.2.1.1 The sample shall be mixed thoroughly with a suitable amount of water depending on the soil type. 4.2.1.2 The mould, together with its 50 mm collar and baseplate fixed firmly, shall be weighed ( ml ), and then stood on a solid base, of a concrete floor. A quantity of the moist soil, sufliciem to give a specimen 127 mm to 133 mm deep after compaction in the mould, shall be compacted in the mould in three layers of approximately equal mass, using the vibrating hammer fitted with the circular steel tamper. Each layer shall be compacted for a period of 60 seconds and throughout this period a firm downward pressure shall be applied to the vibrating hammer so that the total downward force, including that resulting from the mass of the hammer and tamper, shall be 300 to 400 N. 4.2.1.3 When the final layer has been compacted, any loose material around the sides of the mould shall be removed from the surface of the specimen. The straightedge shall be laid across the top of the collar of the mould and the depth of the specimen below the top of the collar measured to an accuracy of 0.5 mtn. Readings shall be taken at four points spread evenly over the surface of the specimen, all at least 15 mm from the side of the mould, and the mean height, h, of the specimen -calculated. If the specimen is more than 133 mm or less than 127 mm in height, it shall be rqjected and a further test carried obt. 11IS : 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 4.2.1.4 The mould, together with the collar, baseplate and soil shall be weighed-to the nearest 5 g ( m,). 4.2.1.5 The compacted soil specimen shall be removed from the mould and placed on the large metal tray. A representative sample of the specimen shall be taken and its moisture content w, shall be determined as in IS : 2720 ( Part 8)-1983. 4.2.1.6 The remainder of the soil specimen shall be broken up and then mixed with remainder of the original sample. Suitable increments of water shall be added successively and mixed into the sample, and the above procedure from operations shall be repeated for each increment of water added. The total number of determinations made shall be at least five, and the range of moisture contents should be such that the optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is within that range. 4.2.2 S&l Susceptible to Crushing During Compaction 4.2.2.1 The sample shall be mixed thoroughly with different amounts of water to give a suitable range of moisture contents. The range of moisture contents should be such that the optimum moisture content, at which the maximum dry density occurs, is within that range. 4.2.2.2 l<ach sample shall be treated as in 4.2.1.2 to 4.2.1.5 and the rerri;~inder of each specimrn shall be discarded. 4.3 Calculations 4.3.1 The bulk density, ?‘I, in t, m3, of each compacted specimen shall be calculated fro111 the equation : where ~1 : IL:XS of the mould + base -I- collar ( g ); n~.~= - mass of the moultl + base -+ collar + compacted sptcimen ( g ); and h =: height of specimen ( mm j. 4.3.2 The dry density, Y,.I in t/ma, shall be calculated from the equation : y ,, --loo_% 100 .$- ?_(’ - . ..- .._ .__. lh !~tIlotls of test for soils : l’art 8 Deternlination of’ wattrr content dry density rrlaticn <irigh ~:~vy conlpartion ( srrondret:i&~1 1. 12IS : 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 19&3 where w = the moisture content of the soil ( percent ). 4.3.3 The dry densities, Yd, obtained in a series of determinations, shall be plotted against the corresponding moisture contents, W. A smooth curve shall’be drawn through the resulting points and the position of the maximum on this curve determined, and the zero, 5 percent and 10 percent air voitls lines plolteil for cor~lparison. 5. REPORT 5;2 The dry density corresponding to the maximum point on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the maximum dry density to the nearest 0.01. 5.3 The percentage moisture content corresponding to the maximum dry density on the moisture content/dry density curve shall be reported as the optimum moisture content and quoted to the nearest O-2 for values below 5 percent to the nearest 0.5 for values from 5 to 10 percent and to the nearest whole number for values exceeding 10 percent. 5.4 The amount or soil retained on the 37’5 mm IS seive shall be ‘reported to the nearest 1 percent. 5.5 The method of obtaining the result shall be stated. The procedure used st~all also bc slated, that is single sample or separate samples. 13IS I 2720 ( Part 14 ) - 1983 ( Confinrtsd Jrom pug0 2 ) Rcprcrcnfing ASSISTANT RE~EAROB 0 IpIOER Public Works ~Dcpartmcnt, Chandigarh ( IPRI ) AHRJH’I’ANT RnRJErncJl OrmJJy Irri ation Dq)nrltnfn1, Govrrnmcnt of IJttnr ISRI~~ ‘f ‘rndr111, Lllcknow DIEPUT; DIREOTOJ~ RES~FAROJK Ministry of Railways ( GE-III 1. RDSO ’ JOINT .~IRRCTOR REBEAROE ( GE-I ), RDSO ( Alfrrnafr ) DtnRoTon Ccntrnl Soil and Mntc%rials Rencarch Station, New Delhi DEPUTY DIREOTOR f AIfcrnafs 1 SHRI H. K. GUHA ’ Geologist Syndicate Private Limited, Calcutta SHRI N. N. BKATTACHARAYA ( Affcrnafc ) DR Gorar. RANJAN University ol Roorkec, Roorkce DIG S. C. I%ANl>,\( Alfrrnafr) DR SHAWXI K. GULHATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi SHRI P. ~AOANATIIA RAO Central Road Research Institute (~CSIR ), New Delhi LT-Cm v. K. I<ANI’TKAIt Enginr~l,r-in-Cllirf’r Ilranch, Army Headqllartcrs SJJRI M. D. Nam Associntc-cl Inscrumf-nts Mnnufacturc.ra (1) Privntc Limited, New Delhi PROP T. S. NAOARAJ (Alfcrnofr) 14BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 1lOOOd Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaks nstha ( Common to all Ofi ces) Regional Offices: Telefihone Central : Manak -Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 6’1 31 NEW DELHI 110002 3$1 13.75 I Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, 21843 CHANDIGARH 160036 I 3 16 41 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 I 41 25 19 (41 2916 TWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Mar$Khanpur, 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 I 2 63 49 :Peenya lndust rial Area 1 st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 I 38 49 56 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor. Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, ’ 6 67 16 B_.H._O. PAL_.4 62003 Plot No. 82/83,-Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 3’6 27 63/5. Ward No 29,‘R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), 23 1083 HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 { 66 3948 7312 1171418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 I 2211 6882 7962 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 T.C. No. 14/l 421. University P.O.. Palayam I6 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17 inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engirreers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 411005 Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 tSales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road. 89 65 28 Bombay 400007 2Sale.s Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, ‘22 36 71 Bangalore 560002 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
1200_7.pdf	IS : 1200 ( Part VII ) - 1972 ( Reaffirmed 1992) Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART VII HARDWARE (Second Revision ) Sixth Reprint AUGUST 1998 ( Incorporating Amendments No. 1 and 2 ) UDC 69.003.12 : 683.1 0 Copyright 1977 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANN< BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr2 July 1972IS : 1200 (Part VII ) - 1972 Indian Standard A mTunn nc A m A ei ,m lx m\rl- nc LVLC 1 rluJ.J u1‘ lvlliflL‘,wlujlvLLl” I “I BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART VII HARDWARE ( Second Revision ) Civil Works Measurement Sectional Committee, BDC 44 Chainnan Representing SHRI v. R. VAISH Bureau of Public Enterprises ( Ministry of Finance ) MmberJ SEERIN . P. ACHARYYA Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta SHRI R. G. ANAND Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay SHRI S. K. ANAND Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters ( Ministry of Defencc ) SHRI V. V. SASIDARAN( Alkrnak ) ASSISTANTA DW~ER ( PHE ) Ministry of Health & Family Planning SHRI B. G. UALJEKAR Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta CHIEF ENGINEER Heavy Engineering Corporation, Ranch1 CHIEF ENGINEER ( R & B ) Public Works Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh SUPEUINTENDINOE N G I N E E R ( PLANNING& DESIGN) ( Af&matr!) SHRI W. J. DA GAMA Bombay Port Trust, Bombay SHRI V. B. DESAI Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay DIRIICTOR( iRi j irrlgalion Department, Government of Lttar Prati& DIRECTOR ( RATES & COPW ) Central Water Sr Power Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RATES & Cos~ll) ( Alternate ) SHRI P. K. DOCTOR Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI D. S. VIJAYENDRA ( Alkrnote ) EXECUTXVEE NGINEER( PLANE~ING& Ministry of Railways DESIGNS) , NORTHERNR AILWAY SHRI P. N. G-1 Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI D. GUHA Institution of Surveyors, New Delhi SHRI P. L. BHASIN( Allertla& ) SHRI G. V. HINGORANI Gammon India Ltd, Bombay SHRI H. K. KHOSLA Bear Dam Project, Talwara Township SHRI KRISHAN KUMAR Ministry of Shipping & Transport ( Roads Wing ) SHRI L. R. KADIYALI ( Allcrnate ) SHRI K. K. MADHOK Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SHRI MUNISH GUPTA ( Aflernate j ( Conhvd on fmp 2 ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002Is:1!m(Partvlx)-1974 ( -%m Pw 1) Mtmbm R+resrnting Smu T. S. MURTHY Nati~a&Projccta Collbtruction Corporation, NW SARI K. N. TANEJA ( Al&m& ) Sm C. B. PATZL M. N. Dastur & Co Private Ltd, Bombay .%mxB.C. Pmz~(Ahrn&) SHRI Y. G. PATEL Pate1 Engineering Co Ltd, Bombay Sxsu C. K. Cxoram ( Alkmata) Sxim A, A. Rqu Hindustan Steel Ltd, Ran&i SHSUs . SRfNIVAsAN( Alt#malr ) SHN R~vn6sn L.u National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI S. H. BALCWANDAN( XR &&r ) Smm K. G. SAL~I Hindustan Houaing Factory, New Delhi SHRI G. B. SINOH( Alkmatr ) SBoRE’rAltY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DR R. B. SIN~H Motilal Nehru Regional Engineering College, Allahabad &JPF,NNTRNDINO SURVEYORO F Central Public Works Department (Aviation ) WOR~~(AVUTION) ?EsEDOL zzLl-%LL) _ MO SURVSYOR 08 WORR8 ( AVIATION ) ( Alkmatc ) SUPRRmTRNDINo SURVEYOR OF Central Public Works Department womub(I) !klRVRYOR OF WORK.3 ( I) A~ACHED TOSUPERINTEND- llp0 ,%RYFiYOR OF WOW (1) (Akemola) TEoRNxoALFxAMxNlul Building & Communication Department, Government of Maharashtra &IRKB . K. UPPAL Bhakra Management Board, Nangal Township SHRI P. S. RAO ( Akm.~tr ) SERID . AJITIZAS IYHA, Director General, BIS ( &-O&O Mmbcr ) Director ( Civ Engg ) SHN K. M. &fATHUR Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS 2IS : 1200 ( Part VII) - 1972 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART VII HARDWARE ( Second Revision j 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (Part VII ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 17 May 1972, after the draft finalized by the Civil Works Measurement Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Measurement occupies a very important place in the planning and execution of any civil engineering work from the time of first estimates to the final completion and settlement of payments for a project. Methods _f“~._l_l_i. .~ -w_t vI.f Lri m__e_i-l_ s_lr_r. cm-..r_n -t_ _. a--r-e n_oL un_iform aurd con_siderab!e differen_ces exist between practices f&owed by different construction agencies and also between various Central and State Government Departments. While it is recognized that each system of measurement has to be speci- fically related to administrative and financial organizations within a department responsible for the work, a unification of various systems at technical level has been accepted as very desirable specially as it permits a wider range of operation for civil engineering contractors and eliminates ambiguities and misunderstandings of various systems followed. 0.3 Among various civil engineering items, measurement of buildings was the first to be taken up for standardization and this standard having pro- visions relating to building work was first published in 1958’ and was revised in 1964. 0.4 In the course of usage of this standard by various construction agen- cies in the country, several clarifications and suggestions for modifications were received and as a result of study, the technical committee respon- sible for this standard decided to cover method of measurement for civil engineering works like industrial and river valley projects. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this xtandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a measurement, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rc&cd). 3IS : 1200 ( Part VII ) - 1972 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part VII ) covers the method of measurement of hardware in buildings and civil ‘engineering works. 2. GENERAL 2.1 Description of Item -The description of each item shall, unless otherwise stated, be held to include, wherever necessary, conveyance and delivery, handling, unloading, storing and all labour for fitting and fixing in position, cutting and waste, return of packing, etc. 2.2 Limits of Measurement - The dimensions shall be measured net in decimal system nearest to 0.01 m. 2.3 Bills of Quantities - The bills of quantities shall fully describe the materials and workmanship and accura.tely represent the work to be executed. 2.4 Mode of Measurements - The various kinds of builders hardware shall be described and measured separately according to the material, finish, size, pattern and method of fixing. 2.4.1 All builders hardware shall be fully described and enumerated except the following which shall be measured in running metres: a) Curtain rods or poles, stating the outer diameter; b) Curtain Rails-Curtain runners, brackets and stops shall be described and included with the item stating the number per metre of rail; c) Rails for sliding sashes stating the size of the rail; and d) Sash Lines - The girth or diameter shall be stated. 2.5 Fixing of hardware items shall include all fittings, cutting, sinking, boring and morticing, the supply of screws ( or bolts, nuts and washers in the case of hardware made for fixing with bolts ), to match. 2.6 Hardware fixed to wood and metal shall each be measured separately. 2.7 Hardware fixed flush shall be so described. 3. MEASUREMENT OF SIZES OF HARDWARE 3.1 The sizes of the hardware articles (see 2.4 ) shall be measured as indicated in Table 1. 4IS : 1200 ( Part VII ) - 1972 TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF HARDWARE SL No. NAME OF hTlCL~ How MEASURED 1) Dolts a) The length of face plate in flush bolts b) The hgth of shoots ( bolt ) in other bolts 2) Hinges a) The Ivngth of the joint or knuckle of butt hinges b) The Ividth between flanges and also the height of parliament hinges c) Thr length of the leaf ( that is, from the joint or knuckle to the point ), in case of tee and strap binges d) The length of the spring cylinder for regulating spring of butt hinges e) The length ofjoint in case of back flap hinges 3) Latches ( Suffolk or Nor- The dimensions of the plate (having the bow folk ) handle ) and the size number 4) Latches, rim ( Night ) 1 I 5) Locks, rim 6) Locks, mortire The horizontal length of face across the body excluding the box staple or striking plate 7) Locks, cabinet or cup 1 board I IACl<Sd rawer j 8) 9) Locks furtlilure ‘The maximum diameter of the knob 10) Clears belaying Straight distance between two ends of cleat 1:) Catches, spring (for fan- The flat overall size in elevation of the plate with light ) spring catch excluding the striking plate 12) Fasteners, circksput Thr length of handle from the cmtre of pivot or hinged joint 13) Fasteners and stays Extreme length irciudGng thickness of back plate ( casement ) 14) l’ivots and sockets The dimensions of each plate 15) Stays. quadrant (for fan- The shortest straight length between the extreme light ) ends of the quadrant stayIS : 1200 ( Part VII ) - 1972 TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF HARDWARE - Confd .q ,.., N..-o. NAME OF GRTICI.P How M__E_A_S~U~_R_E.U~~ ~_ 16) Hrackets for shelving -1l‘hr rxtrcmr \\,idth and height 17) Door handles Grip length 1Sj Hat pegs Extreme lulgth including thicknc-ss of plate 19) Hat and coat hooks Measured diagonally from ~XII‘IW~P IO]) of fixing plate to the rxtremr top of k!,<,l, 20) Wardrobe hooks Measured diagon:jlly from I-X!, ~‘!t,,’ ts+p of’ fixing plate to the rxtremc‘ top of kl:, !I 21) Screw hooks drrsser or Straight IPngth rxcludillg screw4 rl,d cup pattern 22) Cabin or czqrrnetlt hook Straight length betwccr! centrc of two cyrs when with two eyes on plate fixed 23) 841 KllOb 25) Hasp and stal;lcs: a) Wire type The overall length of hasp inclll~iillg the hillgui plate hj Plate type The length measured from the centrc or thP hir:gc to the end of thr hasp exrludil,g the hinged p!::te ?t;,! Strip. rat-tail including ) friction plate Leiqth measur4 fro!13 the cw !x f~l llrc ap~udle to > the ccntre of the roller 27) Springs. patent helical i 281 Screwed eves The overall length of the scretv1.d rye ;t!;d diamr- ter of wire shall be stated 29) Uoor closer ( hydraulically The weight and the width of the d,~or to which i\ regulated ) is intended to be fitted shall be stntcd 30) Finger platr.. The Irngth, width and thickness of the plates 31) Sliding door !,olt ( Aldrop ) Length of the bolt 32) Floor door stopprr with Length of its plate plate 33) Hooks and eyes Length of the hotik measured out to out 6BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELI-l1 110002 Telephon&: 323 0131, 323 3375, 323 9402 Fax I91 113234082, 91 113239399; 91113239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) centra/ L8boratoty: Telephone Plot No. 2019, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, SAHIBABAD 201010 8-77 00 32 RegIonat OMcm: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 78 17 ‘Eastern : l/l4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA700054 337 88 82 Northern : SC0 335-338, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 180022 80 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, EQ Behind Mar01 Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95 MUMBAI 400093 Branch OtYkes: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 5501348 SPeenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55 BANGALORE 580058 !, Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T Nagar. BHOPAL 482003 55 40 21 i Plot No. 82-83. Unit VI. Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 40 38 27 Kalaikathir Buildings, 870 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 18 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01 Savitri Complex, 116 G. T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 54 11 37 dc--l-vc-dP” “, IL . Ih.l. “Pu-pl,.“2,= L‘.‘”a?’.Y.”, h‘.“l.“z‘fm.ancrAll,”r,C“ Lk=ltAin.In”I IPI I.”-%am.“,- “Il VI Ir YlELP, dI_C“l“A” n i.=,“.“f“wVln In , %L” l ,IA” Y1’”1 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B. Sarvodaya Nagar. KANPUR 208005 21 88 78 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 LUCKNOW 228001 Patliputra Jndustrial Estate, PATNA 800013 .28 23 05 T. C. No. 14/1421, University P. 0. Palayam, 8 21 17 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 895034 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 lnstitufon of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar. PUNE 411005 32 38 35 Si_a_l_a n C_.Y.._fi_c a i._.s a-.t 5_ C_.h._n w._ri.n..a. hl-a_e-- A_aoTrToa_c_h- __P_ ,0 - . p!jnceor S--tr.e--e-t1 CALCUlTA 700072 27 10 85 tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 85 28 Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block. Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 22.2 39 71 BANGALORE 580002 Printed at New India Printing Press, Khurja, lndla
7564_2.pdf	IS ; 7564 (Part ?I) = 1974 hdian Standard RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CO-ORDINATION OF DIMENSIONS IN BUlLDINGS -- ARRANGEMENT OF BUlLDiNG COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES PART II FUNCTIONAL GROUP Z-EXTERNAL ENVELOPE : ( Second Reprint JUNE lYS!j ) UDC 721.013:389.63:69.022.3 @ Copyright 1975 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 3 June 1975IS : 7564 (Part II) - 1974 Indian Standard RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CO-ORDINATION OF DIMENSIONS IN BUILDINGS - ARRANGEMENT OF BUILDING COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLlES PART II FUNCTIONAL GmROUP 2-EXTERNAL ENVELOPE Modular Co-oi-&nation Se&ma1 Ummittec, BL)G 10 C/mi,smn Hcfm2sethtg SiIKr J. IhRAI ILJ Hiudustau Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta A4entbers SIIRI J. bf. BENJA~IIN Ccutral Public Works Departnmrt (Architectural Wing), New Delhi SHRI ~5.c . KAPOOR (i&,12&) SIIRI B. B. GARG Central Building I<cscarch Institute (CSIK), Koorkec SHRI U. K. “I’YAGI (AIk~~mte) SHRI A. P. KANVINDE Iodian Institute ofA rchitects, Bombay SHRI M. K. LAKHANI Maharashtra Housing Board,Uombay SHRI B. NARAYISN 11~20( :ll/er,zale) SIIHI G. C:. MATHUK National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SIIRI M. M. MISTRY (.lllo11n~e) SIIRI T. R. MEHANDRU Institution of Engineers (India), Calcultd SHRI hf. A. hfEHTA Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI S. G. MEHTA Gujarat 1Iousing Board, Ahmedabad SHRI H. B. BHATI. (Alfo~7crtc) SIIRI K. K. NAMBIAR Cement Scrvicc Bureau, filaclras &RI S. SIVASWAMY (.,llterr~~le) PROF S. K. NARAYANA School of Town Plaluring & Architccturc, New Delhi SIlKI P. B. RAI Town & Country Plannitlg 0rganization (Ministry of Works & Housing), New Delhi SIIRI Y. NACARAJA (.ll/er,r&-) f%PRESIINTATIVE Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi SHRI K. G. SALVI Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SIIRI S. K. ~~~T’I’ERJLE (.!kmale) SIIRI 1’. K. SARAN Bureau of Public. Enterprises (Ministry of FiIlancc), New Delhi (C,‘o,ll;rIucd0 ,1f iqe 2) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Inc?in/z Copj~ip/~t Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any mans cxccpt with written permission of lhc publisher shall bc deerncd to bc an infringenicnt of copyright mdcr the said Act.IS : ‘1564 (Part II) - I974 Members Representing htl h’I. v. SATlIt% Engineer-itl-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SHKI S. BALAKRIYIINAN(A lternate) Snar I,. G. TOYE Ministry of Railways, New Delhi SI~R~N . V. SH.~STRI( n/let-n&e) SIIKI S. N. .wIG Builder’s Association of India, Bombay SHRI SADHLJ RAM GWTA (Allcrtzate) SIIRI D. ApTHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 (Ex-o&o Member) Director (Civ Engg) Secretary SHRI S. P. MAWU ;\asibtant Director (Civ Engg), ISIIS : 7564 (Part II) - 1974 Indian Standard RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CO-ORDImNATION OF DIMENSIONS IN BUILDINGS - ARRANGEMENT OF BUILDING COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES PART II FUNCTIONAL GROUP 2- EXTERNAL ENVELOPE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (Part H) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 4 November 1974, after the draft finalized by the Modular Co-ordination Sectional Committee had bec=n approved by the Civil Engi- neering Division Council. 0.2 Since the basic decision to adopt a IO-cm module has been taken, the work connected with application of this module for different building com- ponents, such as bricks, walling materials, roofing materials, etc, has been done by different committees and dimensions have been recommended by these committees for such components. 0.2.1 However, it has been felt that-some thought had to be given to the need for dimensionally co-ordinating a particular product, specially with respect to the three dimensions - length, width and~height/thickness. It was felt that in some cases such co-ordination of dimensions may or may not be necessary, while in other cases it is absolutely imperative. To identify such parameters for individual components, it was felt that building as a whole should be examined from the point of view of various components that go into it and then decide on the need for dimensional co-ordination on an individual basis. 0.2.2 After such a decision had been arrived at, it will then be possible for the relevant committees to adopt this principle in finally arriving at the nominal and work sizes for the individual components. With this end in view the building haq been divided broadly into the following five func- t ional groups: a) Functional group 1 -- Striicture; 1)) Functional group 2 -- External envelope ; c) Functional group 3 -- - Inlernal subdivision ; (I) Functional group 4 -- Services and drainage; and t:) Functional group 5 .~ Fixlurcr, lirrniturc and equipment. 0.3 It wa5 intleecl very usefill for tbc Modular Co-ordination Sectional Ccommitlee to 11ave the vie\\< of variolls architects, engineers and llsers inIS : 7564 (Part II) - 1974 arriving at a basic decision regarding the need for dimensionally co- ordinating some of these products so that the relevant committees could exercise their mind on such items only. Based on these decisions, it may be possible to review the existing Indian Standards on different subjects where dimensions have &early been given and arrive at new dimensions, where necessary, 0.3.1 It nlay be noted that the words ‘co-ordination of dimensions’ instead of ‘modular co-ordination’ have been used in the title of the standard with a view to encouraging the concept of establishing the correlation of two or more products when juxtaposed together to perform a function. If such a function is not necessary or there is no function to be done, then it appears there may not be a need for co-ordinating dimension in the products placed together. 0.4 In the formulation of this standard clue weightage has been given to international co-ordination among th e standards and prackes prevailing in differem countries.in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in thiq country. ‘I’his hn$ brcn mrt 1,~ deriving assistance fiwn the VcAlo~ving: HSPD 6432 : Part l-19G9 Recoillilleildatioii~ ILr lhr co-ordination of dimensions in building - arrangement of building components’and assemblies within functional groups; Part 1 Functional group 1, 2, 3 and ?. Rritish Standards Institution. l3SPD G432 : Part 2-1969 Recommendations for the co-ordination of dimensions in building --- arrangement of building components and assemblies within functional groups; Part 2 Functional group 5. British Standards Institution. 0.5 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on modular co-ordination. Other standnrds published so ijr in the series are given on page 10. I. SCOPE 1.1 This >klutlarcl (Part Irj lays down recoll7lnendatiolls for co-ordinating dimensions of building components and assemblies for lhnctional group 2 -- External cwvcalope Lvhich comprises of the Mlwving elenlents of construction: Walls, wall openings, roof; am1 roof olwnings. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For 1lw plwposa or this standard, the IiAlowing definitions shall appl!,. 2.1 Element of Construction -- - A functional part of a building con- ctr1wted fj.tilu bllilrling material< a~itl/or buil(ling romponenl<.IS : 7564 (Part II) - 1974 2.2 Services -The group of imtallations each of which supplies one or more services to a building. 2.3 Assembly -- An aggregate 01 building components used together. 2.4 Building Component --- A’building pr~odlwt formed a5 a clisf inct Iwit Jlaving specified sizes in three dimensions. 2.5 Building Section - Building material formed to a definite cross section but of unspecified length. Sections are usually manufactured by a~conti- nuous process, such a? rollin g, drawing, extruding or machining. Example< are angles, h&s, tubes, battens, sheet, plate, wire and cable. 2.6 Co-ordinating Plane - A plane by reference to which a building component or assembly is co-ordinated with another. 2.7 Co-ordinating Space -- A space bounded by co-ordinal ing planes allocated to a component, including allowances for tolerances and joint clearances. 2.8 Co-ordinating Dimensions - A dilllclnion of co-ortlinating space, which defines the relative positions of two or mow components in an asscm- bly, according to the characteristics of thr rompo~~~nts which nrr wlevaut 10 assembly. 2.9 Basic Size -.- The size by reference to whicl~ ~hr: limits ofsizr are fixetl. 3. GRADING OF COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES 3.1 Depending upon the relative i’mportance, the components or assemblies shall be given a grading, A, B! or C as follows: Grading A - Components or assemblies for which dimensional co- ordination is essential. Grading R -. Components or assemblies which in some situatiotlr nectl to be dimensionally co-osdinated. Grading C, -- Components or assemblies whicl[ tlo not rtrllk,c to 11r dimensionally ro-ordinaced. 4. CO-ORDINATING DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES 4.1 The recommended co-ordinatiug dimensions of building components and assemblies lkr functional group 2 - external envelope shall be as given in Table I. 5TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED CO-ORDINATING DIMENSIONS OF BUILDING COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP 2 - EXTERNAL ENVELOPE (Clam 4.1) 51. ELLX(EXT 01‘ .kW_MRLY C(O&POSEST GRaD- C~-~ROINATING lh~~sro~s CROSS SO. C:OLSTRVCTION ------------7 REFERENCE Length Width Height Depth Thick- TO OTHER ncss FUNCTIONAL $1) (2) :3) (4) (91 (10) (11) i) \Valls - Brickwork 5 Blockwork - - - Bricks - Blocks 1, 3 Damp proof courws 7 7 I,3 Lintels d RCC bands -d : - Cramps - - Refractory bricks 3, 4 Grilles: \.entilaring - 4 Handrails : balcony - Louvres - 4 Facing materials - 3 Sections : mullion - s - Sections: transom and sill - Panels: infill and under d sill Glazing units: glass and - v edge sealed - \\Yhdo\vs Grilles: wntilating - -d_ 4 r,oul~~ras 4 Door leawa - 1’Panels A — -V’ ; - ,/ Web .U >’ 1’ ) ..... 1, 3 Blocks ‘B \,’” %’ %’ —..5 ,, . .. 1, 3 Sections: framing R ,.7’ \; ,...., ,! — Facing materials A ---- \/ \! ..-. — s Shwts: rigid (flat) A — V’ \; .-.. ..... !3htwts: corrugated and ,1 -. V“ ,/ ,,! --- 3 troog$md Grilles: ventilating %’ ..... “VI ..... — 4 Louvres .: %’ -– ij —.. .... 4 .. ... 11) Wall openings t\ .... %’ ,: -- \./’ DWHCLS (inclllding side hung single kaf, side hung double Isa& hori- zontal sliding —siu- glc and multi-leaf, horizontal folding, hot%~ootal sliding/ folding, horizontal coliapsi ble gates, vertical slitiitig gate; auclover, sin~le ~Ip WKImulti-leaf. re. volviug, hatchc>, collapsible grilks,, roller blinds and shutters) ~ramcs A —-- \z’ ~1 — ~i \i — 1;’ Door lcmws cA——— ‘V’ ..... — — Architraves Sills A ~’ # -– — .V’ k:cntil;ilors A %: ~j—” Grilks: collapsible A :: ~{ # — z Hardwnrc c --- .... ..... .... _ 3 Roller Minds and shut- A — ,,, 5“ .... — ters Ikms-framckx A— %’ v’ --- -- * Ik,P th 06’ CO~IW@t~OJIS. . . (Ctmtind)I TABLE 1 RECOMMENDED CO-K)RDJNATING DKMHWWONS OF BUILDING COMPONENTS AND ASSEMBLIES FOR FUNCTIONAL GROUP 2 -- EXTERNAL ENVELOPE — Gwd (1) (y. (3) (-l , (,3, ((i, (7, (8; (9 (10) (11.! ii) \\all optfli,]~. .--<;onfd ““ TYincluws (sliding, hmimntd. and vcrti.c.. Ipivot- ing, hung, tixed) fin ——.--—...- —..- .................... —- iii) Roof Pitcher-l and flat.-.—.-. I Sheet: insulating A d # --- --- — Glazing units: glass and A # # — --- — : edgescalcxi Sections: framing B # q -- ~ — J?lashings [: -.., ..... — -.. — Fixing accessories c——— ..... — —-- .. — iv) Roof Openings Roof lighting, venti- A d i’ %/ – – lation and access (inch.ulingskylights, roof and pisvmucht lights] .Scclions: framing :< %/1: d C.la~]ng ham and beds ..... — C+lazingunits: gl.sssami A d v’ — --- edgesealed Grilltx: ventilating %! — v’ “-”” — 4 Hardware $ 4 LOuvrtx A $ :: 7 ~ i; +’ Liniulgs: prefimrnmi —.— — Kcrhs :preformed 2 ~ ~1 ..... Ventilators A— %’ $ ..... 7 Flashings c -- — — ..... .... [}eptlIOf corrugaticms.INDIAN STANDARDS ON MODULAR CO-ORDINATION IS: 1233-1969 Recommendations for modular co-ordination of dimensions in the building industry (jirst revision) 2718-1964 Recommendation for preferred dimensions for storey heights 4993-1973 Glossary of terms relating to modular co-ordination (Jirsl reoision) 6408-1971 Recommendations for modular co-ordination - application of tolerances in buildiing industry 6772-1972 Recommendations for dimensional co-ordination for industrialized buildings - preferred increments 6820-1972 Recommendations for modular co-ordination -rules for modular planning 7184-1973 Recommendations for modular co-ordination reference lines of horizontal con- trolling co-ordinating dimensionsBUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375 I Eastern : 1 /14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, 21843 CHANDIGARH 160036 I 3 16 41 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 25 19 I 41 2916 twestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), -6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: #Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 I 2 63 49 SPeenya-Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 I 38 49 56 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor. Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, ’ 6 67 16 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83. Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 5315. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), 23 1083 HYDERABAD 500001 6 34 71 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 I 6 98 32 21 68 76 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 t 21 82 92 Patliputra Industrial Estate. PATNA 800013 6 23 05 T.C. No. 14/l 421. University P.O.. Palayam 16 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 695035 16 21 17 inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 5171 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGrlJR p40010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE ‘411005 *Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 ChowringheeA pproach, P. 0. Princep 27 88 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 tSaler Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road. 89 85 28 Bombay 400007 $Sales Office in Bangalorei s at Unity Building, NarasimharajaS quare, 22 36 71 Bangalore5 60002 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
4410_b_5.pdf	IS : 4410 ( Part xIp3ec 5) - 1977 Indian Standard GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS PART Xi HYDROLOGY Section 5 Floods ( First Reprint JULY 1988 ) UDC 001.4:627.81:627.5 @ CoPyright 1977 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 3 August 1977IS g 4410 ( Part xxpec 5) -1977 Indian Standard GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS PART XI HYDROLOGY Section 5 Floods Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committee, BDC 46 Chairman Refiruarting SHBI I. P. KAPILA Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh Members Sxnr B. S. BHALLA Beas Design Organization ( Ministry of Irrigation & Power ), Nangal Township w ENQINEEB Public Works Department ( Project Wing ), GOVWII- ment of Audhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SUPE~INTENDINQ E N Q I N E E B ( Alternuts ) CEIEW ENQINEE~ Public Works Department, Government of Tamll Nadu, Madras &PE~IN~~NDINC+ E N o I N E E B ( Alternate ) Chum EN~IN~JE~ Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay SEBI V. S. GIJP~E ( Alternate) CEIEB EN~INI~JB ( D ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh DIEECTOB ( W R ) ( Altemate ) SEEI S. M. DEB Irrigation and Water Works Department, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta Dxpurx STJ~VEYOX~G EN~BAL I Survey of India, Dehra Dun DEPUTY Draxoxoa ( T & P ) ( Alternate DIBEOTO~ (CD A ) Irrigation Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal DI~~I~~~B(~~BI~ATION R~SE~OH ) (Alternate ) (Continued on pge 2 ) @ Copyight 1977 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Coprright Act (XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an lnfringemeut of copyright under the said Act.( Continurdfrom pago 1) Mambsrs Rmfwosnating DIBEOTOR( HYDROLOG)Y Central Water Commission, New Delhi SEBI N. K. DWI~EDI Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DE R. C. HOON In personal capacity ( M 18, flew Delhi South Extwion, Part II, New D&i 110049 ) JOINT COMMISSIONER( S C ) Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation SHBI G. PANT Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SE.I%RI . P. SINGE ( Alternate) SHBI R. K. SAElJ Irrigation & Power Department, Government of O&a, Bhubaneehwar PBO~ SARANJITS INC+H Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DB P. P. SBIHQ~L Univenity of Roorkee, Roorkee SHRID . AJITFIAS IWIA, Director General, BIS ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Socrstary SHRIV . KALYANA~UIUDAZ&A?~ Anaiatant Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS Panel for Glossary of Terms Relating to Hydrology, BDC 46 : P6 Convsner Psor SARANJITS INGE Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Members SEEI S. BANNEBJI National Committee for International Hydrological Programme, New Delhi SKEI B. K. BAWEJA Central Ground Water Board, New Delhi DIREOTOR( HP DROMQY) Central Water Commission, New Delhi Saar M. M. LAL KEANNA Irris;tiish Department, Government of Uttar DB V. V. DH~UVA NARAYANA Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Kamal DR SUBEASE CHANDEB Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhixs:4410(PartxI/sec5)-1977 Indian Standard GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS PART XI HYDROLOGY Section 5 Floods 0. FOREWORD 0.1T his Indian Standard ( Part XI/Set 5 ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 March 1977, after the draft finalized by the Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 A number of Indian Standards have been published covering various aspects of river valley projects and a large number of similar standards are in the process of formulation. These standards include technical terms, the precise definitions of which are required to avoid ambiguity in their Interpretation. To achieve this end, the Institution is bringing out this glossary of terms relating to river valley projects ( IS : 4410 ) which is being published in parts. Part XI covers the important field of hydrology which is a separate science by itself. In view of the vastness of this subject, this is being covered in different sections. This section covers terms relating to floods. Other sections will be the following: Section 1 General terms Section 2 Precipitation and runoff Section 3 Infiltration and water losses Section 4 Hydrographs Section 6 Ground water Section 7 Discharge measurements Section 8 Quality of waters 0.2.1A complete list of parti published in this series is given on P 10. 0.2 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailin in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the 6 elf in 3IS : 4410 ( Part XI/&c S ) - 1977 this country. This has been met ‘by deriving assistance from the following publications: United Nations. Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East. Glossary of hydrologic terms used in Asia and the Far East. 1956. India. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. Multilingual technical dictionary on irrigation and drainage. 1967. India. Central Beard of Irrigation and Power. Glossary of irrigation and hydro-electric terms and standard notations used in India. 1954. Manager of Publications. Delhi. ASCE. American Society of Civil Engineers. Nomenclature for hydraulics. 1962. New York. 0.3.1 All the definitions taken from ‘ Multilingual technical dictionary on irrigation and drainage ’ are marked with asterisk ( * ) in the standard. 1. SCOPE ~;lfl~~~s standard ( Part XI/Set 5 ) covers the definitions of terms relating . 2. FLOODS 2.1 Annual Flood - The highest peak discharge in a water year. 2.2 Average Annual Flood -A flood equal to the average of the annual floods during the period of record. 2.3 Bank-Storage - Water absorbed and stored in the banks of a stream, lake or reservoir, and returned in whole or in part as the level of the surface water body falls. 2.4 Basic-Stage Flood - An arbitrary selected rate of flow of a stream used as the lower limit in selecting floods to be analysed, sometimes taken as the minimum annual flood. 2.5 Channel Routing/Stream Routing - The routing of a flood wave in a stream when the only storage is the valley storage. 2.6 Channel Storage - The quantity of water within the main channel. 2.7 Depression Storage (Pocket Storage) -The volume of water, usually expressed as depth on the drainage area, which is required to fill natural depressions, large or sinall, to their overflow levels. 4IS:4410 (Part xI/Sec S)-1977 2.8 Design Flood - The flood adopted for design purposes. It may be the probable maximum flood or the standard project flood or a flood corres- ponding to some desired frequency of occurrence depending upon the standard of security to be provided. 2.9 Design Storm - It is the estimate of heavy rainfall, its amount, duration and distribution over a particular drainage area, which is accepted for use in determining the design flood. 2.10 Direct Damage or Direct Losses - All losses resulting from inundation or directly from the action of flood water. 2.11 Envelope ( Enveloping Curve ) a) A smooth curve which envelops all the plotted points representing maximum recorded flood peaks and volumes for hydro- meterologically comparable areas. b) A smooth curve covering either all peak values or all trough values of certain quantities ( for examnle rainfall, runoff ), plotted against other factorssuch as area and time. In general none of the peak values goes above the curve in the former cask, called the ‘ maximum envelope ’ and none of the minimum pomts fall below in the latter case called the ‘ minimum envelope ‘. 2.12 Falling Limb - It is the descending portion of a hydrograph. 2.13 Flash Flood- A flood of short duration and abrupt rise with a relatively high peak rate of flow, usually resulting from a high intensity of rainfall. 2.14 Flood or Flood Event -The flow pattern in a stream, constituting a distinct progressive rise culminating in a peak or summit toget;lmerw ith the recession that follows the crest. 2.15 Flood Abatement* - Any measure taken outside of stream channel with the effect of reducing the crest of flood flows or changing the debris load for a flood event, 2.16 Flood Absorption - The increase in storage of water in a reservoir, lake, valley or channel resulting in a reduction of stream flow. 2.17 Flood Attenuation - The reduction in discharge resulting from the storage of water in a reservoir, channel, lake or valley, 2.18 Flood Crest, Flood Peak, Flood Summit-The highest value of the stage or discharge attained during a flood. 5ISr4410( PartXl/Sec5)-1977 2.19F loodD amage or Flood Losses - The destruction or impairment, partial or complete, of human and animal lives, property, goods, services, flora and fauna or of health etc; resulting from the actron of flood water and the silt and debris they carry. It includes ‘ direct ’ and ‘ indirect losses ‘; ‘ tangible ’ and ‘ intangible losses ‘, 2.20 Flood Frequency a) The number of times a flood of a given magnitude is likely to be equalled or exceeded over a period of years on the average. b) The number of years in which a flood of a given magnitude is likely to be equalled or exceeded once on the average over a period of years. 2.21 Flood Mark, High Water Mark - The trace of any kind left on the banks or flood-plain by a flood which may be used, after the flood, to determine the highest level attained by the water surface during the flood. 2.22 Flood Plain - Land adjoining the channel which is inundated only during floods. 2.23 Flood Routing - The process of determining progressively the timing and shape of a flood wave at successive points along a river. 2.24 Flood Series - A list of flood events, which occurred during a specified period of time. 2.25 Flood Stage - The elevation of water surface during a flood relative to a datum, local or national. 2.26 Flood Volume - The total runoff passing at a particular site during a flood event. 2.27 Flood Way - The channel of a river or stream and those portions of the flood plains adjoining the channel, which are required to carry and discharge the flood water. 2.28 Indirect Damage or Indirect Losses* - Losses resulting from floods but not from direct action of flood water; for example, losses resulting from interruption of the production of goods and services. 2.29 Initial Abstraction -The sum of interception and depression storage. 2.30 Initial Detention - The part of precipitation which does not appear either as infiltration or as surface runoff during period of precipitation or immediately thereafter; includes interception by vegetal cover, depression storage and evaporation during precipitation; does not include surface detention. 6IS I 4418 ( Part XI/&x 5 ) 1977 n 231 Intangible Losses* -Flood damage that is not susceptible to of assessment in terms money. 2.32 InterRow - It is that portion of precipitation which has not passed down the water table but is discharged from the area as subsurface flow into the stream channels; also known as subsurface runoff. tEksLateral Storage -The quantity of water which has overflowed the . 2.34 Linear Channel - An imaginary channel in which the rating curve between discharge and area is a straight line such that at any point, the velocity of flow is constant for all discharges, but may vary from point to point along the channel. The rating curve for such a channel is given by: A = CQ where A is the area, Q is the discharge at any instant and C is the reciprocal of constant velocity of flow. 2.35 Linear Reservoir - A linear reservoir is an imaginary reservoir in which the storage S, is directly proportional to the outflow, Q: S=XQ where the constant X is known as storage coefficient and has the dimension of time and is equal to the average time imposed on an inflow by the reservoir. 2.36 Maximum Intensity of Flood or Momentary Flood Peak - The maximum instantaneous rate of flow during a flood, 2.37 Maximum Known Flood-The highest flood which has occurred within the memory of the inhabitants of a region. 2.38 Maxim& Observed Flood - The highest of the recorded floods, at a section of a stream, during a specified period, the period may be a week, a month, a year or even the entire period of record. 2.39 Minimum Annual Flood* -The smallest of the annual floods during the period of record. 2.40 Monthly Flood - The maximum flood occurring in a stream during a calendar month. 2.41 N-Year Flood* - A flood which has a probability of being equalled or exceeded once in ,N-years or has one chance in JV of occurring in any one year. 2.42 Overbank Flow -The portion of stream flows which exceed the carrying capacity of the normal channel and overflow the adjoining flood Plain(S) * 7IS : 4410 ( Part XqSec 5 ) - 1977 2.43 Overland Flow --‘The flow of water over the ground before it becomes channelized. 2.44 Prism and Wedge Storage- It is that portion of the total channel storage during a flood which corresponds to a condition of steady flow that is when inflow and outflow are equal. Wedge storage is the difference between the total channel storage and the prism storage. Wedge storage would be positive when inflow exceeds outflow and negative when outflow exceeds inflow ( see Fig. 1 ), WATER NEGATIVE POSITIVE WEDGE STREAM BED NOTE- Lines of long dashes are parallel to stream bed. FIG, 1 EXPLANATORY SKETCH FOR STORAGES,P RISM AND WEDGE 2.45 Probable Maximum Flood- It is defined as that flood estimated to result if the most critical combination of severe meteorological and hydrologic conditions considered reasonably possible in the region were .to occur. 2.46 Recession Curve - The falling limb, after the point of contraflexure, of a hydrograph after a flood event. This represents withdrawal of water from storage in the valley, stream channel and the subsurface runoff. 82.47 Reservoir Routing - The routing of a flood wave through a reservoir. 2.48 Retarding Reservoir, Detention Reeervoir - A reservoir wherein water is stored for a relatively brief period of time, part of it being retained until the stream can safely carry the ordinary flow plus the released water. Such reservoirs usually have outlets without control gates and are used for flood regulation. Also called ’ flood control reservoirs’ or ‘retarding reservoirs ‘. 2.49 Rising Limb - The ascending portion of a hydrograph. 2.50 Standard Project Flood - The flood resulting from the most severe combinations of meteorological and hydrologic conditions considered reasonably characteristic of the region. 2.51 Storage -The impounding of water either in surface or in under- ground reservoirs. 2.52 Surface Detention -That part of precipitation which stands as thin sheet of water over soil surface when overland flow takes place; does not i.nclude depression storage which does not contribute to surface runoff. Detention depth increases until discharge reaches equilibrium with rate of supply to surface runoff. 2.53 Tangible Losses* - Flood damage that is susceptible to assessment in terms of money. 2.54 Unit Hydrograph - A hydrograph of direct runoff at a given point on a stream resulting from one unit of effective rainfall ( rainfall excess ) of specified ( unit ) duration generated uniformly over the contributing drainage area at a uniform rate. 2.55 Valley Storage a) The volume below the water surface profile. b) The natural storage capacity or volume occupied by a stream in flood after it has overflowed its ‘banks. It includes the channel storage and lateral storage ( JGC2 .6 and 2.33 ). 2.56 Warning Stage -The river stage at which it is necessary to begin issuing warnings or river forecasts to enable adequate precautionary measures to be taken to avoid damage or inconvenience due to flooding. 2.57 Water ( Hydrological ) Year -A continuous twelve month period selected for maintaining or presenting records of flow, and/or use of water or any river system. 9IND1AN STANDARDS ON ’ .I QLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS IS: 4410 ( Part I)-1967 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part I Irrigation practice 4410 (Part II)-1967 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part II Project planning 4410 (Part III )-196 Glossary df terms relating to river valley projects: Part III River an 1 river training 4416 (Part IV )-I967 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part IV Drawings 4410 ( Part V ) -1968 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part V Canals 4410 ( Part VI)-1968 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part VI Reservoirs 4410 (Part VII )-1968 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projeco: Part VII Engineering geology 4410 (Part VIII)-1968 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part VIII Dams and dam sections 4410 (Part IX)-1969 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part IX Siphons and spillways 4410 ( Part X )-1969 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part X civil works of hydroelectric generation system including water conductor system 4410 ( Part XI/Set 1 )A972 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XI Hydrology, Section 1 General terms 4410 ( Part XI/Set 2 )-1972 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XI Hydrology, Section 2 Precipitation and runoff 4410 ( Part XI/&c 3 )-I972 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XI Hydrology, Section 3 Infiltration and water losses 4410 ( Part XI/&c 4)-1973 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XI Hydrology, Section 4 Hydrographa 4410 (Part XII)-1975 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XII Diversion works 4410 (Part XIV/Set 1 )-1977 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XIV Soil conservation and reclamation, Section 1 Soil conservation 4410 (Part XIV/Set 2)-1977 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XIV Soil conservation and reclamation, Section 2 Reclamation 4410 (Part XV/Set I)-1973 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XV Canal structures, Section 1 General terms 4410 (Part XV/Set 2)-1973 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XV Canal structures, Section 2 Transitions 4410 (Part XV/Set 3 )-1977 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XV Canal structures, Section 3 Flumes 4410 (Part XV/Set 4)-1977 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects: Part XV Canal structures, Section 4 Regulating works 4410 (Part XV/Set 5)-1977 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projm Part XV Canal structures, Section 5 Cress-drainage works 4410 ( Part XVII )-1977 Glossary of terms relating to rever valley projects : Part XVII Water requirements of cropsBkAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones : 3 31 01 31,3 31 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices 1 Regional Offices : Telephone Western ; Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 tEastern : l/l4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C 2 18 43 CHANDIGARH 160036 { 31641 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 24 42 41 25 19 ( 41 29 16 Branch Offices : Pushpak,’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 { 2 63 49 ‘F’ Block, Unity Bldg. Narasimharaja Square, 22 48 05 BANGALORE 560002 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 6 27 16 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 53/5 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, - 5th Byelane. GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg, (Nampally Station Road), 22 10 83 HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 6 34 71 { 6 98 32 11714188 Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 21 82 92 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 Hantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor ). Rly Station Road, 52 27 TRIVANDRUM 695001 inspection Office ( With Sale Point ): Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 410005 Salea Office in Bombay ia at Novelty Chambera. Grant Road, 89 65 28 Bombay 400007 tSalea Office in Calcutta ia at 5 Cho’wringhee Approech. P. 0. Princep 27 68 00 Street, Calcutta 700072 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
4656.pdf	Is:465601968 ( Rdiirmed 1991) SPECIFICATION FOR FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE ( Fourth Reprint OCTOBER 1991) UDC 666.97.033.16 @ Cofiyright 1968 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAB MARG NEW DELHI 1 loo02 Gr3 August 1968Is:4656-1968 SPECIFICATION FOR FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE Construction Plant and hjachinery Sectional Committee, BDC 28 Chairman Rgrcscnting LT-GEN R. A. LOOXBA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hadquart- Members SIIRI B. D. AH~-JA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI A. V. JAIN ( Alrcsnt~te) SkIHI ARDAYAN SlNQH Beas Project fjHI<I N. S. GILL ( Alfcrnatc ) Slim R. S. BHALLA Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport & Aviation Snxr G. V. CHELLAM ( Al~ernutc) SHIH CHANDRAM OHAN Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ) , Durgapur SHRI R. K. MUKHEBJEE( Ahmafc ) SHRI A. B. CHAUDHURI Jessop & Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRIJ . D. DARO~A Itlab Engineering Private Ltd, Bombay SHRI J. DAM The Concrete Association of India, Bombay Sam K. C. PRINJA ( Al&&) DIRECTOBC, IVIL ENOINEERJZJO Railway Board, Ministry of Railways JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) ( Alternate) DIRECTOR( P & M ) Central Water & Power Commi&on SHkI H. C. GHULATI Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals BUQ N. B. GRANT Engineer-in-Chief% Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI P. N. GULATI Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI K. G. K. Rno ( Aflarnafe ) SHRI S. Y. KHAN Killick, Nixon & Co Ltd, Bombay SI~RI A. T. KOTEAVALA( Alternate) SI~RI K. M. KUXAB Linken Private Ltd, Patna SHU R. K. VARMA ( AI&mu&) SHRI N. Kuxa~ Hutly and Graham Ltd, Calcutta SHRI V. GULAT~( AltmaU ) Bare P. R. Kr;ra~ Bharat Barth Movers Ltd, Bangalore SWRI M. M. PARTHA~A~ATEY( AIlem&) COL S. C. L. MnLIK Rexarch & Development Organization ( Ministry of Def’ce ) LTCOL N. C. GUPTA (Alternate SHXI M. R. MALYA b urmah Shell Oil Storage & Distributing co of India Ltd, Bombay DR B. S. BASEI ( A&mate ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3 NEW DELHI 110002I§ : 4656 - 1968 ( C0nfinuerf.rlo mp age1 ) MOnbCrr Rcprescnling SARI S. C. MAzu~~DAR Cannon Duokerley 8: Co Ltd, lk)mbsy Saw S. K. GUHA TIIAKURTA ( Alfprnnfe) SHRI Y. G. PATEL Builders Association of India, Bornbn) Snnr H. J. SHAH (Ahide) SHRI D. M. PRASA~ William Jacks & Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRI G. K. SETXI ( Altern&) BRIO S. N. PUNJ Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hcadqu:r: ters SHRI H. V. MIRCIIANDANI ( AIternafc ) &RI RAMESII KHANDELWAL Khandelwal Udyos Ltd, Bombay SHRI G. S. ROVSHEN Armstrong Smith Private Ltd, Bombay Sam U. G. KALYANPUR ( Alkmak ) SENIOR ENOrmwR Hindustan Construction Co Ltd. Bomba) Srrnx S. K. SIXKA Directorate General of Technical lhdopmcnt SAW B. C. SRIVASTAVA Central Building Research Institute ( CSLK ). Ih)rk~c Smr J. P. KAUSHIK ( Alkrnafe) DR Bx. SUBBARAJU Central Road Rrscarcil Institute ( WI11 ), Kicw IJrllii SUPEHINTENDINO EIXXNEER, Central Public Works Ueparlmcnt DELI~I CENTRAL ELECTRXCAL CIRCLE No. 111 EXECUTIVE ENOINEER ( ELE-ICAL ) MECIIANI- CAL & WoRxeHoP DIVISION ( Al&m& ) SHILI N. H. TAYLOR Recondo Private Ltd, Bombay SHRX T. H. PEsHORI ( Aftmak ) SIIRI N. S. VISWANATHM Marshall Sons & Co Mfg Ltd, Bombay SRRI R. NAQARAJAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-o$io Mcmbn ) Director ( Civ Engg ) SEBI Y. R. TANEJA Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ) , ISI Panel for Concrete Vibrators, BDC 28/P - 2 Gmvrw Repwen~ ing DR S. M. K. CHECK Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkec Mcmbus DR R., K. GEOSH Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi SARI C. L. N. 1~~zra.t~ The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHBI R. K. JAJODU Lynx Machinery Ltd, Calcutta SElu s. Y. KHAN Killick, Nixon & Co Ltd, Bombay SRRI N. KUMAB Heatly and Gresham Ltd, Calcutta Smzr V. &JLATI ( Ahmafe ) SHRI H. V. MIRC~DANI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters Srrsr G. S. Roveam Armstrong Smith Private Ltd, Bombay SH~I G. K. Smm William Jacks & Co Ltd. Calcutta Sm B. C. SIW~STAVA Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee 2Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR FORM VIBRATORS FOR CONCRETE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 23 May 1968, after the draft finalized by the Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineer- ing Division Council. 0.2 Form vibrators are generally used for compaction of concrete in precast concrete moulds, such as pipes, gullies and deep post-tensioned beams. They are also used for compaction of in-situ concrete in small and narrow sections or very heavily reinforced sections where immersion vibrators can not be used. 0.2.1 Form vibrators are generally powered by electric or air motor and are of two types, namely ‘ the fixed or clamp type ’ and ‘ the manual type ‘. The clamp type is mostly used although hand held type is also sometimes used in situations where there are no means of fittings the clamps or where continuous movement along the forms is desirable. The fixed type is always directly coupled with the prime mover unit whereas the manual type is either directly coupled to the prime mover or is connected to the primer mover through a flexible shaft drive. This standard covering electrically operated, fixed and manual type form vibrator has been pre- pared with a view. to providing guidance to the manufacturers and users in obtaining form vibrators capable of giving satisfactory service. 0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express- ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down requirements for material, sizes, construction and performance of form vibrators for concrete. 1.2 The requirements of this specification apply mostly to electric motor driven form vibrators. Pneumatic powered form vibrators are not covered by thisstandard, although some of the provisions of this standard may also apply to these types of vibrators. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 3IS:4656-1968 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Amplitude of Vibration - Maximum displacement of a vibrating body from its mean position during vibration. It is usually expressed as half of the total displacement. 2.!& Eccentric Shaft ( Rotor) - The rotating shaft of the vibrating unit designed to produce the required frequency and amplitude of vibration. 2.3 Frequency of Vibration- Number of complete cycles of vibrations per minute. 2.4 Vibrating Unit -The complete assembly of casing, eccentric shaft, bearings, couplings, etc. 2.5 Vibration Acceleration -The maximum acceleration per cycle of vibration. It is usually expressed as a multiple of g, the acceleration due to gravity. 3. MATERIAL 3.1 Steel Sections, Bars and Plates -Steel sections, bars and plates shall conform to IS : 226-1962. 3,2 Mild Steel Sheets -Mild steel sheets shall conform to IS : 1079-1963t. 5.3 Rivet Bars -Rivet bars shall conform to IS : 1148-1964:. 3.4 Springs - Springs shall be manufactured from suitable grade of spring wire conforming to IS : 727-1964s. 3.5 Eccentric Shaft-The eccentric shaft shall be of suitable grade of carbon steel, such as C-35 of IS : 1570-19617 or equivalent to minimize wear. 3.6 All other materials to be used in the construction of the vibrator shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards. 4. TYPES 4.1 The form vibrator shall be of the types as given in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. 4.1.1 Fixed or Clamfi Type-The vibrator provided with the clamping arrangement for fixing on the outside of form for concrete. 4.1.2 Manual Type -The vibrator provided with a handle to allow it CO be held manually against the formwork for concrete, Specificationf or structural steel ( standardq uality ) ( third revision ) $$ecification for hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip ( revised ) . $$ccification for rivet bars for structural purposes ( reuised ). $+ecification fey hard drawn carbon steel wire for springs for general engineermg pur- ms ( revised ). ( &xe wIthdrawn 1. ~Schedulcs for wrought steels f6r general engineering purposes. 4IS:4656-1968 5. SIZE DESIGNATION 5.1 The vibrators shall be designated according to the capacity of the primer mover (power unit) and the type of the vibrator. Examjdes : FDC-200 Fixed, directly coupled; capacity of the power unit 0.2 kW MDC-200 Manual, directly coupled; capacity of the power unit 0.2 kW MF-400 Manual, flexible shaft drive; capacity of the power unit 0.40 kW 5.2 The size designation of the vibrator and the weight of the vibrating body for vibrators of different sizes shall be as given in Table 1. TABLE 1 DETAILS OF VIBRATORS DESICh TYPEOFVIB- CAPACXTYQB WEIGHTOFTHE REMARKS NATION RATOR THE POWER UNIT VIBRATINQ ( See 4 ) kW BODY, kg FDC-200 Fixed, directly 0.2 lo-25 The eccentric coupled shaft shall be FDC-400 -do- 0.4 25-40 directly coupled to FDC-550 -do- 0.55 30 - 50 the power unit (elect- FDC-750 -do- 0.75 60-80 ric motor ) 1 (X86.2). The eccentric 1 shaft shall be MDC-200 Manual, directly 0.2 Less than 10 directly coupled I coupled to the power MDC-250 -do- 0.25 Less than 15 f unit (elect- ric motor) !J (~6.2). The eccentric shaft shall be MF-400 Manual, flexible 040 Less than 5 coupled to the power unit through MF-550 -do- 0:55 Less than 6 a flexible shaft drive 1 (see6.2). NOTE -The weight of the vibrating body includes the electric motor in the case of direct coupling type, but excludes the chuck of the flexible shaft guard ring in the case of flexible shaft driven type. 513:4656-1968 6. CONSTRUCTION 6.1 Fixed or Clamp Type Vibrator-The fixed or clamp type vibrator shall be made up of prime mover, vibrating unit and the clamping arrange- ments for attaching the vibrator to the concrete formwork. The shaft of the vibrating unit shall be directly coupled to the prime mover so that the prime mover and the vibrating unit are contained in a single body (see Fig. 1). FIELD COIL-y AFIELD CORE SHAFl -f - ROlATlNG ECCENTRC FIG. 1 TYPICAL DIAGRAMMATICA RRANGEMENTO F FIXED OR CLAMP TYPE FORM VIBRATOR 6.1.1 The vibrator shall be capable of being firmly attached to th8 concrete forms, SO that there is no relative movement between the vibrator and the forms. Suitable arrangements shall be provided to allow for attachment and removal of the vibrator from the formwork without any undue effort or loss of time. 6.2 Manual Type Vibrator-The manual type vibrator shall be made up of power unit, vibrating unit and the flexible shaft. The shaft of the vibrating unit shall be either directly coupled to the power unit so that the power unit and the vibrating tinit are contained in a single body [see Fig. 2 (A)] or connected to the power unit through a ‘flexible shaft drive [see Fig. 2 (B) 1. 6.3 The coupling arrangement between the vibrating unit and the power unit, both in case of fixed as well as wnual type, shall be designed to prevent disengagement of the eccentriq shaft during operation. 6.4 Vibrating Unit -The vibrating unit shall be of totalig enclosed con- struction and shall be filled with correct amount of lubricafit and properly sealed to protect against the entry of dust and moisture. 6.4.1 Eccentric Shaft-Eccentric shaft shall preferably be of suitable grade of carbon steel, such as C-35 of IS : 1570-1961* and shall be tempered and polished. Schedules for wrought steels for general engineering purposes. 6IS : 4656 - 1968 BEVEL GEAR G ECCENTRIC WEIGHT 2A DIRECTLY COUPLED TO ELECTRIC MOTOR 28 CONNECTED TO ELECTRIC MOTOR THROUGH A FLEXIBLE SHAFT FIG. 2 TYPICAL DIAGRAMMATICA RRANGEMENTO F MANUAL TYPE FORM VIBRATOR 6.4.2 Bearings-The bearings shall conform to relevant Indian Stand- ards. They shall be of adequate.size and suitably ‘mounted, preferably press fitted on the shaft so as to take both radial and axial loads. 6.4.2.1 The bearings and the eccentric shaft assembly shall be such as to enable the removal of the shaft for repairs and replacements. Suitable arrangements shall be provided for adequate lubrication of bearings. 7. POWER UNIT 7.1 The vibrator shall be ‘capable of being driven by an electric motor of continuous rating and of capacity indicated in 5.1 to ensure the required performance. The rating of the power unit in terms of kilowatts shall be suitably displayed on it. 7.2 The electrical motor and other electrical equipment shall conform to relevant Indian Standards. 7.3 Suitable arrangement shall be, provided for adjusting the vibration characteristics of the vibrating unit, and the efficiency of the device pro- 7IS : 4656- 1968 vided for this purpose shall be such that the performance of the vibrator is constant under any operating condition. In the case of flexible shaft driven vibrators, suitable arrangement shall be provided for starting or stopping the vibrating unit without its actual disconnection from the power unit. 8. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 8.1 The moving parts shall be suitably enclosed to guard against acci- dents. 8.2 Suitable earthing and safety arrangements shall be provided for electric motors and components conforming to requirements of relevant Indian Standards and safety regulations. 9; VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS 9.1 The vibrator shall be designed to have operational characteristics speci- fied in 9.1.1 to 9.1.3. 9.1.1 Frequency-Frequency of vibration under no-load (operation in air) state, measured in accordance with 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 shall not be less ! than 2 800 vibrations per minute. 9.1.2 The amplitude under no-load state ( operation in air ) measured in accordance with 9.2.1 and 9.2.3 shall not be less than the values specified below: Designation Amplitude (see 5) mm FDC - 200 1 FDC - 400 1.5 FDC-550 1.5 FDC - 750 1.5 MDC - 200 0.25 MDC - 250 0.4 MF - 400 0.25 MF - 550 0.4 9.1.3 The acceleration of vibration under loaded state shall be not less than 3 g when tested according to 9.2.4. 9.2 Measurement of Operational Characteristics 9.2.1 Measurement of Frequency and Amplitude of Vibration -The frequency md amplitude of vibration of the vibrating unit shall be determined in no- bd state (operation in air) by operating the vibrating unit, so kept on a 8IS : 4656 - 1968 piece ofsponage rubber or a substance of similar softness more than 25 mm thick, that the eccentric shaft remains horizontal. In the case of flexible type, it should be operated with the flexible shaft in horizontal position. 9.2.2 The measurement of frequency shall be carried out with the help of an electromagnetic vibration pick up or reed vibrator or stroboscope or tachometer, or any other equally suitable instrument. However, the tachometer shall not be used with vibrator whose rate of rotation per minute and frequency are not the same. 9.2.3 The amplitude shall be measured by combined set of osciloscope, amplitude measuring apparatus and electromagnetic pick up or any other equally suitable instrument. 9.2.4 Measurement of Vibration Acceleration in Loaded State-The vibration acceleration in loaded state shall be measured by attaching to the vibrator, a rectangular parallelepiped plumb bob of cast iron or steel and of weight specified in Table 2 and operating the vibrator as stated in 9.2.1. The load shall be fixed with the help of bolts to the part of the vibrator that comes in contact with the concrete form. TABLE 2 WEIGHTS OF PLUMB BOBS DESICJNATION WEIGHT OF PLUMB BOB kg FDC-200 FDC-400 1:: FDC-550 150 FDC-750 250 MDC-LOO MDC-250 zi MF-400 MF-,550 ;: NOTE-The length and width of the plumb bob should preferably be equal to the part that comes in contact with the mould. 9.2.4.1 The vibration acceleration shall be either measured with the help of piezoelectric accelerometer, or by combined set of osciloscope, amplitude measuring apparatus and electromagnetic pick up, or any other equally suitable apparatus, calculated by using the following equation: A=(ll18an2 lo’)g where A = vibration acceleration, a = amplitude of vibration in millimetres under loaded state as defined in 2.1, n = measured frequency of vibration under loaded state in cycles per minute, and g = acceleration due to gravity, expressed in mm/s/s. 9’ IS : 4656- 1968 10. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY 10.1 The vibrator, when operated continuously fbr one hour for compac- tion of concrete shall not show any over heiting of the motor, the vibrat- ing unit or its bearings; normally a temperature rise beyond 40°C above the ambient temperature shall not be allowed. There shall also be no notable variation in the frequency and amplitude of vibration. No undesirable play shall develop in the eccentric shaft and the means of attachment of vibrating unit to the power unit and the concrete form. 11. INSTRUCTION SHEET 11.1 The manufacturer or supplier shall supply to the purchaser instruc- tion sheet containing instructions regarding installation, operation, main- tenance and lubrication of the machine. 12. MARKING 12.1 The following information shall be permanently and conspicuously marked on the vibrator: a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark and serial number of the machine, b ) Vibrator designation ( see 5)) c ) Vibration characteristics, d) Type and rating of the power unit to be used, and e ) Year of manufacture. 12.1.1 The. vibrator may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is d&vised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 10BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 telegrams: Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices) Regipnal Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375 I *Eastern : l/14 C. 1. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 38 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-448, Sector.35~C, 21843 CHANDIGARH 180038 3 1841 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MA_DRAS 800113 41 25 19 1 41 2918 TWostern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East), 8 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Purhpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 283 48 . AHMADABAD 380001 I $Pe~~~~~~~~si”$GBlst Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 3: %% I 38 49 56 Ganeotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road. T. f. Na-1o ar, ’ 8 87 18 BH~PAL 482003 Plot No. 82183. Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 6 38 27 531’5. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), 23 1083 HYDERABAD 500001 83471 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 { 8 98 32 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 268005 ! :: “st 3; Paliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 8 23 05 T.C. No. 14/l 421. Ufii Jersitv P.0;. Palayam (8 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 895035 18 21 17 inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ):- Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1’332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 411005 %aIos Office in Calcutta is at 6 Chowringhor Approaoh, P. 0. Princep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 tSales Gfffco in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grmnt Road, 89 66 28 Bombay 4OOOO7 :Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharajr Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 560002 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
6932_7.pdf	-__---__ IS : 6932( Part VII ) - 1973 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART VII DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE AND TRANSVERSE STRENGTHS ( Third Reprint APRIL 1993 ) UDC 691’51 : 620’173 0 Copyright 1974 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARO NEW DELHI 1loooZ Gr 2 February 1974Isr6932(PiartvII)-1973 Indian Stanchrd METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART VII DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE AND TRANSVERSE STRENGTHS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (Part VII) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 22 March 1973, after the draft finalized by the Building Limes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Hitherto, methods of tests for. assessing qualitative requirements of. building limes were included in IS : 712-19f54. For facilitating the use of these tests it has been decided to print these tests as different parts of a separate Indian Standard. This part covers determination of compressive and transverse strengths of building limes. 0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960+. 1.. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part VII ) covers the methods of tests for determination of compressive and transverse strengths of building limes. 2.1 Preparation of the Sample - The sample shall be prepared in accordance with 7.2 of IS: 712-1973t. Rulea for rounding off numerical values (rroiord). tSp&fkation for briilding lima ( mend ~roizion) . 0 co)yriiht 1974 BUR.EAU OF INDIAN .STANDXRDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADiJR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002ISr6932(PartVII) -1973 2.2 The distilled water ( see IS : 1070-19609 ) shall be used where use of water as a reagent is intended. 3. GENERAL 3.1 Preparation of Standard Lime-Sand Mortar ( 1: 3 ) 3.1.1 The sand employed for the preparation of mortar shall conform to IS : 650-1971t. 3.1.2 The lime used for the preparation of the mortar shall be either hydrated lime or quicklime. 3.1.3 Adjusted Lime Putty 3.1.3.1 When hydrated lime is used, 500 g of the sample shall be thoroughly mixed with 60 to 65 percent of water for 5 minmes, and the resulting putty shall be passed twice through a mixer of the type given in IS : 1625-1971$ and used immediately for preparing the standard mortar. Mix 350 g of the putty with an amount of standard cement equal to 3 times the mass of the dry hydrate contained in it, that is, 636 g to 656 g. The balance of the putty shall be discarded. The lime putty and sand shall be thoroughly mixed for 10 minutes continuously, so as to form a uniform plastic mortar. 3.1.3.2 When quicklime is used about 1 kg of the sample shall be crushed to pass through 2’36-mm IS Sieve ( conforming to IS : 460-1962s ) and slaked isothermally for 1 hour as described in 2.3 of IS : 6932 ( Part III )-19731!. The resulting putty shall be stirred with a wooden rod and sieved through 850-micron IS Sieve and collected over a filter cloth as described in 3.2 of IS : 6932 ( Part VI )-19737. The excess water shall be removed by folding the filter cloth in the form of a gag and pressing moderately by hand. The consistency of the putty shall be adjusted by trial to a water content of 60 to 65 percent by mass of water of the mass of dry hydrated lime. The adjustment shall be carried out by subtracting any excess water from the putty by placing it, after removal from the filter cloth, for a short time on a clean absorbent surface, or alternatively, if oven dry, by adding a small quantity of water and mixing and knocking up thoroughly. 3.1.4 The proportion of water present can be determined by drying a weighed portion rapidly in a drying oven at 100 f 10°C so that no significant Specification for water, distilled quality (revised) ( Since nvlwd ).’ $Specilication for standard sand for testing of cement [$econd r&&n ). $Code of practice for preparation of lime mortar for use in buildings (Jirsl revision) . §Specilication for test sieve ( rcvise~). JIMethods of tests of building limes: Part III Determination of residue on slaking. T[Methods of tests of building limes: Part VI Determination of volume yield of quicklime. 2IS:6932(PartvrI)-1973 amount of carbon dioxide is absorbed in the process, and weighing the dry residue when the loss in mass should be 60 to 65 percent of the mass of the dry residue, or by any convenient alternative method. 3.1.5 The adjusted lime putty shall be thoroughly mixed and knocked up and passed twice through a mixer of the type given in IS : 1625-1971* and used immediately for preparing the mortar. 3.1.6 Thoroughly mix 350 g of the putty with an amount of standard sand conforming to IS : 650-1971t equal to 3 times the mass of the dry hydrate contained in it, that is, 636 to 656 g. The balance of the putty shall be discarded. The lime putty and sand shall be thoroughly mixed and knocked up for 10 minutes continuously, so as to form a uniform plastic mortar. The mortar so prepared shall be used immediately for filling the moulds for strength tests. The whole operation starting from the slaking of the quicklime up to the filling of the moulds shall be carried out as expeditiously as possible. ‘3.2 Transverse Strength 3.2.1 Prejaration of Test S’ecimzn 3.2.1.1 Six test specimens each 2.5 cm square in cross-section and l@O cm in length shall be prepared using the standard lime and mortar specified under 3.1. The mould used shall be an individual or gang-mould of bronze or other suitable non-corrodible metal, and of internal dimensions 2.5 cm square and 10.0 cm long, the inner surface of the mould shall be carefully machined to a tolerance off 0.002 cm and the mould shall be so constructed that the specimens can be removed without the mould being tapped. The mould shall be well greased with petroleum jelly before use, and shall rest on a well-greased non-corrodible plate during the filling operations. The mould shall be filled by hand, the mortar being pressed in with the thumb, lightly tamped, and then smoothed off with two or three strokes of palette knife. 3.2.1.2 The filled mould together with its base plate and covered on the top with a similar plate shall be stored for a period of 28 days undisturbed in a suitable container in an atmosphere of at least 90 percent RH and at a temperature of 27 f 2°C. A record shall be made of the temperature of storage on at least 24 days of the 28 days period. The maximum and minimum temperatures shall be read from time to time, in order to check any possible wide variations of temperature that may have occurred whilst the apparatus was not under direct observation. 3.2.2 Procedure -After the expiry of the period of storage specified under 3.2.1.2 the specimens shall be removed from the mould, care being Code of practice for preparationo f lime mortar for use in buildings (~5s: r&~ion ). tspekification for standard sand for \esting of cement ( secondr evision ) . ataken not to injure them in any way during this process, and immersed in water for a period of half an hour. They shall be then removed and tested immediately for transverse strength. The specimens to be tested shall rest symmetrically on their sides on two parallel metal rollers 4 cm in diameter and spaced at 80 cm centres. The load shall be applied through a third parallel roller of the same size at a point midway between the other two. No packing shall be used between the rollers and the specimen. The load shall be applied streadily and uniformly, starting from zero, and increased at a rate of 15 kg/r& f 10 percent. 3.2.3 Evaluation and Report of Test Results 3.2.3.1 The modulus of rupture of the specimen is obtained by the formula: t=kP . where t is the modulus of rupture, P is the total load and k is a factor. The value -of k .is equal to O-768 when the modulus of rupture is expressed in kg/cma, P in kg and the dimensions of the specimen in cm. 3.2.3.2 The average of the 6 test specimens shall be taken as the modulus of rupture of the mortar and the result shall be expressed in kg/cma. 3.3 Compressive Strength 3.3.1 Preparation of Test Specimens - Twelve cubes with side 5.0 cm shall be prepared from standard lime-sand mortar specified under 3.1 using bronze or other non-corrodible metallic moulds which shall be so designed as to prevent spreading during moulding. The inner surface of the moulds shall be carefully machined to a tolerance of f 0.002 cm and the moulds shall be so constructed that the specimens can be removed without tapping them. The moulds shall be filled by hand, the mortar being pressed in with the thumb, lightly tamped, smoothed off with two or three strokes of the trowel or palette knife stored undisturbed in a suitable container for a period of 72 hours in an atmosphere of at least 90 percent RH and at a temperature of 27 & 2°C. After the expiry of this period the specimens shall be taken out of the moulds and placed in the air in the laboratory for 4 days. When 7 days old, the specimens shall be immersed in clean water and left there until just prior to testing for its strength in the testing machine. The water shall be renewed every 3 days and maintained at a temperature of 27 f 2°C. 3.3.2 Procedure -After 7 days of storage in water ( and in the case of Class B limes, under moist sand ) 6 of the cubes shall be taken out of water, wiped surface-dry and tested for compressive strength in a compression testing machine. This gives the strength at 14 days. Those faces of the cube specimens which when moulded were in contact with the sides of the mould shall be placed in contact with the surface through which load is applied. There shall be no packing between the cube and steel platens of the testing 4IS : 6932 ( Part VII) - 1973 machine. One of the platens shall be carried on the ball and shall be self adjusting. The load shall be steadily and uniformly applied, starting from zero increasing at the rate of 15 kg/min. 3.3.2.1 The remaining 6 test specimens shall be taken out after 21 days and similarly tested thus determining the compressive strength at 28 days. 3.3.3 Evaluation and Rebort of Test Results - The crushing load divided by the area over which the load is applied denotes the compressive strength of the mortar. 3.3.3.1 The average strength of the six specimens shall be taken as the compressive strength of the mortar and the result expressed in kg/cm:BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters; Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Talephones : 331 01 31,331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all offices) Regional Oflees: Telephones Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Behadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI-1 10002 1 3311375 Eastern : 1 /14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 38 24 99 Manlktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northorn : SC0 445-448, Sector 35-C, 21843 CHANDIGARH 180036 1 31841 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. 1. Campus, MADRAS 800113 41 25 19 { 41 29 18 twestern : Manakrlaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East), 8329295 BOMBAY 480093 Branch Oflces: ‘Pushpak’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 28348 AHMEDABAD 380001 [ 28349 Peonya industrial Area, 1 st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 580058 [ 38 49 58 Grngotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 88718 BHOPAL 482003 Plot NQ. 82/83, Lowis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 38 27 5315, Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-58C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road), 231083 HYDERABAD 500001 83471 R14 Yudhlster Merg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 18 9832 21 88 78 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nsgar, KANPUR 288005 [ 21 82 92 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 82305 T.C. No. 14/1421, University P.O., Palaya,n 8 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 896035 [ 621 17 inspection Oflce (With Sale Point) : Pushpanjali, 1st Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shlvaji Nagar, 52435 PUNE 411005 lS a!eo Offlcr In CalcuttaI s at 5 Chowringhrr Approach, P.O. Prlneep s7 6s 00 Street, Calcutta7 00072 tSaler Offlcr In Bombay Ir at Novelty Chambsrr, Grant Road, 00 66 28 Bombay4 00007 Sales OfficeI n BangatomI s at Unity Bulldlng, NararlmharajaS quare se 36 7t Iangalore 560004 ?rlnted at Slmco Prlntlng Prwr. Dolhl. lndlrAMENDMENT NO. 3 JUNE 1985 TO IS:6932(hrts 1 to lo)-1973 METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART 7 DETERMINATION OF COMPRESSIVE AND TRANSVERSE STRENGTHS @age 2, cZause 3.1.3.1 ): a) Line 4 - Substitute '1s:2250-1981* for ‘Is: 1625-1g71’. b)Line5- Substitute 'sand' for 'cement' b?zge 2, foot-note tith ‘+’ mark) - Substitute the follow$ng for the existing foot-note: '*Code of practice for preparation and use of masonry mortars ~7kSt reuision).' Printed at Simco Printing Preee, Delhi. India
6932_11.pdf	.. 9 IS: 6932 (Part11 ) -1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART 11 DETERMINATION OF SETTING TIME OF HYDRATED LIME ( First Reprint NOVEMBER 1990 ) UDC 69151 : 6669242!3015-416 : 620-l / -\ ’, ! _’ 0 Copyright 1984 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAPAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 1 February 1984 J -. -.~ ._ -_ _,_. I .__. _... _...__r_I IS : 6932 ( Part 11 ) - 1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART 11 DETERMINATION OF SETTING TIME OF HYDRATED LIME Building Limes Sectional Committee, BDC 4 Chairman DR IQBAL ALI 14-1-359, New Aghapura, Hyderabad Members Representing SHRI S. P. S. AHUJA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Ministry of Defence M.&J S. P. SRARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI SURAJ S. _J. BARADUR Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited, New Delhi SHRI S I’. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta S&I D. K. KANU~O ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. CRAUDHARY Lime Manufacturers Association of India, Delhi DR S. K. CHOPRA Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi DR K. C. NARANCJ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad DIRECTOIZ Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) DIRECCORG, ERI, VADOD~RA Public Works Department ( Government of Gujarat ), Vadodara RESE.\RCHO FFICER ( MATE- RIAL TESTING DIVISION ) ( AIternntc ) HOUSING COMMISSIONER Rajasthan Housing Board ( Government of Rajasthan ), Jaipur JOINT DIRISCTOIL, RESEAHCH Ministry of Railways ( B&S ), RDSO DEPUTY DIRECTOR, RESEARCH ( B&S ), ( Alternnte ) SHRI I-I. I,. M.4~w.k~ Builder’s Association of India, Bombay SHRI HARISR C. KOHLI ( Alternote ) DR IRSH.\D M~SO~D Cent;xzorEilding Research Institute ( CSIR ), SHIU S. P. GAW ( Alternate ) ( Continned on page 2 ) @ CogyIight 1984 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This nublication is protected under the Indian CopVright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an mfringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 6932 ( Part 11 ) - 1903 ( Continued from pgs 1 ) M6mbars DR S. C. MAUD~AL Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi SHRI N. MACEDO Dyer’s Stone Lime Co Pvt Ltd, Delhi SERr Y. R. PHULL Cenpf, Dtgd Research Institute ( CSIR ), e SHRI M. L. BHATIA( Altcrnat6 ) SHRI S. RA~PCHANDRAN Public Works Department ( Government of Madhya Pradesh), Bhopal Sri81 R. N. KHANNA( Alt6r?iU)t 6 DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization ( Ministry of Works & Housing ), New Delhi SHRI J. SENG UPTA( &t6rMf6) SRRI S. B. L. SRIVASTAV~ Department of Mines & Geology ( Government of Rajasthan ), Udaipur SHRIR . G. GUPTA( Aitcrnotr) SUPERINTENDINQ ENQINEER Public Works Department ( Government of (P&D) Tamil Nadu ), Madras EXECUTIVEE NOJNEE(R B UIL- DING CENTRED IVISIOH) ( tit6raUt6) SHRI V. VA~UDEVA~ Khadi & Village Industries Commission, Bombay SHRI E. RABZAC~~ANDR(A ANlt 6mei6) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-&io hhnbcr ) Director ( Civ Engg ), sCCrN&9’ SHRrN . C. BANDYOPADHYAY Deputy Director ( Civ Fngg ), IS1IS : 6932 ( Part 11) - 1983 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR BUILDING LIMES PART 11 DETERMINATION OF SETTING TIME OF HYDRATED LIME 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part 11 ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 December 1983, after the draft finalized by the Building Limes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Hitherto, method of test for determination of initial and final setting times of hydrated lime was included in IS : 4031-1968. With a view to including all the tests concerning building limes in one standard, this test is being published separately as an additional part to IS : 6932 ( Parts 1 to 10 ). 0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-196Ot. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part 11 ) covers the method of test for determination of setting time of hydrated lime. 2. APPARATUS 2.1 The Vicat apparatus conforming to IS : 5513-1976f shall be used. 3. PROCEDURE 3.1 Preparation of Test Sample - The sample shall be in the form of putty and shall be prepared in accordance with 3.2.4 of 1s : 6932 ( Part 8 )-19735. Methods of phvsical tests for hydraulic cement. iRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised). tSpecification for Vicat apparatus (first rctjision ). §Methods of tests for building limes : Part 8 Determination of workabjlity. 3IS:6932 (Part 11) - 1963 3.1.1 Fill the vicat mould E with this paste, the mould resting upon a non-porous plate. After completely filling the mould, smooth off the surface cf the paste, making it level with the top of the mould. The mould shall be slightly shaken to expel the entrapped -air. 3.1.2 Clean appliances shall be used for gauging and the temperature of lime, water and that of the test room at the time when above opera- tions are performed shall be 27 f 2°C and in an atmosphere of a+ least 90 percent relative humidity and away from draughts. 3.2 Determinatian of Initial Setting Time - Place the test block prepared in accordance with 3.1 under the rod bearing the needle ( C ); lower the needle gently in contact with the surface of the test block and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the begin- ning, ,the needle will completely pierce the test block. Repeat this procedure until the needle, when ‘brought in contact with the test block and released as described ubove, fails to pierce the block by 5 f 0.5 mm measured from the bottom of the mould. The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the lime and the time a: which the needle fails to pierce the test block by 5 f 0.5 mm shall be the initial setting time. 3.3 Determination of Final Setting Time - Replace the needle ( C ) of the Vicat apparatus by the needle with an annular attachment ( F). The lime shall be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the surface of test block, the needle makes an impres- sion on the surface of test block while the attachment fails to do so shall be the final setting time. In the event of a scum forming on the surface of the test block,, use the underside of the block for the determination.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahad;)%iah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31 Telegrams : Manaksanstha 331 1375 (Common to all Offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 i 3311375 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, 37 86 62 V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 21843 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 41 29 16 t Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices : ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMADABAD 380001 2 63 48 : Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 39 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, 55 40 21 BHOPAL 462303 Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 Kalai Kathir Building, 6/48-A Avanasi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 2 67 05 Quality Marking Centre, N.H. IV, N.I.T,, FARIDABAD 121001 - Savitri Complex, 116 G. T Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L.. N. Gupta Marg, ( Nampally Station Road ) 231083 HYDERABAD 500001 RI4 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 6 34 71 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 Plot No. A-9, ‘House No. 561/63, Sindhu Nagar, Kanpur Road. 5 55 07 LUCKNOW 226005 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 District Industries Centre Complex, Bagh-e-Ali Maidan. - c SRI NAGAR 190011 T. C. No. 14/1421, University P. 0.. Palayam, 621 04 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 inspection Offices (With Sale Point) : Pushpanjali. First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road. 52 51 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar. 5 24 35 PUNE 411005 ‘Sales Office Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, 27 68 00 P. 0. Princep Street, CALCUTTA t Sales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, BOMBAY 89 85 28 $ Sales Office is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 39 71 BANGALORE Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi, India
4410_b_1.pdf	IIS: 4410 ( Part Xl Set 1 ) - 1972 Indian Standard GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RlVER VALLEY PROJECTS PART XI HYDROLOGY Section I General Terms Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional <I(. xlmittcc, BIN2 46 Ghsirman RfprWdi~g SHRI I. P. KAPILA Centrai ‘:x4 al Irrigation and Power, h’ew Delhi Mtmberr SHKI B. S. BHALLA lkas Designs Organization ( Ministry of irrigation & Power ) CHJJIF ENCUNXRR ( IIIRIOATION ) Public Wurks Dcpartmcnt, Governmrnt of Tamil Nadn DIRECTOR DIRECTOR ( HYDROLOCX ) Ccntml \Vatcr & Power Commission, New Delhi SIfRI N. K. l>WZVeDI Irrigation I)rpartrnenr, Co\~crrlmenr of L!t,.lr Pradesh SHRI K. C. GHOSAL Mok Udyog Cement Service, New Delhi SHRI A. K. BIS\VAS( ?f~lefnafC) SHRI N. K. GHOSIi SHRI R. I,. GUI’T.I Public \Vurks Dcpartmcnt, Gowrnmcnt of Madhya Pratf csh SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER ( DCSXZNS) ( Alrernntl ) DR R. C. HQON SHRI M. S. ,TAIN SHRI N. v. ~IIURSAL.1. INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI .IS : 4410 ( Part XI/SeC 1) - 1972 ( Chntinu~dfram page 1 ) Members Repre5enfing nR P. P. SEHGAL University of Roorkec CAL N. K. S!ZN Survey of India, Dehra Dun COL P. MISRA ( Altcrnofr ) SHRK G. S. SIDHU Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab SXRI M. M. ANAND ( Abmt# ) SOIL CONSERVATION ADVISER Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Community Dcvclop- ment & Co-operation SHRI VIJENDRA SINCH Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh SHRI D, AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, 1SI ( &-q&o Mrmbcr) Director ( Civ Engg ) SGCl&7& SHKI K. RAG~L~V!LNDRAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI SnRI S. P. M~ccu Senior Technical Assistant ( Civ Engg), IS1 Panel for Glossary uf Terms Relating to Hydrology, BDC 46 : P6 Convcnn PROP SARA.NJIT SINGH Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Membsrs SHR~ 5. BANERJI National Committee for International Hydrologi- cal Decade, New I)eihi DIRECTOR( HYDROLOGY) Central Water & Power &mm&on, New Delhi De~un DIRECTOR ( HYUP~~LOGY J ( Ahrnn tc ) SHRI M. M. LAL KUANNA Irrigation Research Xnstitute. Roorkce DR K. V. RAGHAVA RAO Central Grotrnd Water Board, Faridabad DR SUBHASH CHANDER I:!dian Institute of Technology, New DelhiIS : 4410 ( Part XI/Set 1) - 1972 Indian Standard GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS PART XI HYDROLOGY Section I General Terms 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part XI/SW 1 ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 24 February 1972, after the draft finalized by the Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 A number of Indian Standards has been published covering various aspects of river valley projects and a large number of similar standards is in the process of formulation. These standards include technical terms, the precise definitions of which are required to avoid ambiguity in their interpretation. To acllirvc this, the Institution is bringing out ‘ Indian Standard Glossary of terms relating to river valley pi-ejects ’ ( IS : 4410 ) which is being published in parts. The other parts of this standard so far published are given on P 10. ’ 0.3 Part XI covers the important field of hydrology which is a separate science by itself. In view of the vastness of the subject, it is proposed to cover the subject in different sections. Section 1 covers general terms. Other sections in the series will be the following: Section 2 Precipitation and run off Section 3 Infiltration and water losses Section 4 Hydrographs Section 5 Floods Section 6 Ground water Section 7 Discharge measurements Section 8 Quality of waters 0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. This has been met by deriving assistance from the following publications: UNITED NATIONS. ECONOMIC COMMISSIONF OR ASIA AND THE FAR EAST. Glossary of hydrologic terms used in Asia and Far East. 1956. Bangkok. 3IS : 4410 ( Part Xl See 1) - 1972 INDIA. INTERNATIONALC OMMMION ON IRRIGATIONA ND DRAINAGE. Multilingual technical dictionary on irrigation and drainage, 1967. INDIA. CENTRAL BOAWD OF IRRIOATIONA ND POWER. Glossaryo i irrigation and hydro-electric terms and standard notations used in India, 1954. hilanager of Publicaticns, Delhi. American Sol+-ty of civil Engineers. Nomenclature for hydraulics. 196Z. New York. 0.4.1 All I!K drilnitions taken from ‘ Multilingual Technical Dictionary on Irrigation and Drainage’ are marked with asterisk ( * ) in the standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part XI/SW 1 ) covers definitions of general terms relating to hydrology. 2. GENERAL TERMS 2.1 Anchor Ice - Iie formed below the surface of a stream or other body of water on the stream bed or upon a subrnergcd body or structure. 2.2 Arid - A term applied to region5 where precipitatioq is so deficient in quantity, or occurs at such times, that agriculture is impracticable with- out irrigation. 2.3 Avalanche .--. A moving mass of debris, snow and ice, sliding rapidly down a mountain sbpe. 2.4 Barograph - An instrument designed for automatic recording of atmospheric prcssurc, 2.5 Barometer -An instrument for measuring pressure of the at!Ywspiie!T. 2.6 Brook ~ A small sh;Ilow stream turbulent in character. 2.7 Climatic Cycle - Actual or supposed recurrences of such weather phenomena a:i ~;et dry years, hot and cold years, at more or less aJld regular intervals, in response to long-ran.ce terrestrial and solar influences. 2.8 Climatic Year -- Continuous twelve-month period selected for presentation of Ii)-drologic and meteorologic data, 2.9 Climatology - It is a subdivision of meteorology which deals with thr average or normal or collective state of the atmosphere over a given arca within a specified period of tirn(a, It implies the study of climate 4IS : 4410 ( Part XI/Set 1 : _ 1972 including the statistical relations, mean values, normals, frequencres, variations and distribution of meteorologic elements. 2.10 Cryology- The science of ice in all its forms, such as snow, ice and hail. 2.11 Drainage Area, Drainage Bat& Catchment, Gatchment Area, Catchment Basin, River Basin* -The area from which ;t lake, stream OP waterway and rcscrvoir receives surface flow which originates as precipitation. 2.12 Drought-In general an ehtended period of .dry weather or a period of deficient rainfall that may extend over an indefinite number of days, without any set quantitative standard by which to determine the degree of deficiency needed to constitute a drought. Qualitatively, it may be denned by its effects, as a dry period sufficient in,length and severity to cause at least partial crop failure. 2.13 Dry Weather Flow* - The flow of water in a stream during the non-rainy season. 2.14 Effluent Stream, Gaining Stream - A stream or stretch of stream which receives water from ground water in the zone of saturation. The water surface of such a stream stands at a lower level than the water table or piczomctric surface of the ground water body from which it receives water. Also a stream flowing out of another stream or out of a lake. 2.15 Ephemeral Stream - A stream or portion of a stream which Aows only in direct response to precipitation. 2.16 Frazil Ice - Fine spicules of ice found in water too turbulent for the formation of sheet ice. It forms in superccolcd water when the air temperature is far below freezing. In some cases the number of spiculer per ms is very large and it resembles a mass of snow. Frazil ice may extend to the bottom of the stream and dam its flow, thus causing property damage or stopping water wheels. 2.17 Frost* - A light feathery deposit of ice caused by the condensation of water vapour directly in the crystalline form, on terrestrial objects whose temperature is below freezing, the process being the same by which dew is formed, except that the latter occurs onlv when the temper- ature of the bedewed object is above freezing. 2.18 Geo-hydrology or Ground Water Hydrology - ‘That branch of hydrology relating to sub-surface or subterranean waters. 2.19 Glacier -Body of land ice formed from recrystallized snow accumulated on the ground; may form where annual accretion of snow is greater than ablation by run off and evaporation. There are two 5‘IS I 4410 ( Part XI/Set 1) 0 1972 broad classes: A) Ice Streams- which form in mountain valleys and move down slope under gravity; and b) Ice Caps - which cover large land masses and spread out radially . . because ot great pressures built up by their weight ( see also 2.32 ). 2.20 Glacier Burst* -A sudden release of a volume of water which has been impounded within or by a glacier. 2.21 Glaciometer* - An instrument for measuring glacial motion. 2.22 Head Water a) The water upstream of a structure, and b) The flow in the upper reaches of a stream near its source. 2.23 Humid -Term applied to land or climates where pre_ci pitation is adequate in amount and occurs at such times that agriculture can be carried out without irrigation. ~;2~affildrogeology -That branch of geology relating to effect of water 2.25 Hydrography - The science of measuring and analysing the flow of water, Drecipitation, evaporation, and allied pheuomena. Also the science of measuring charting and mapping and studying oceans, seas, rivers, and other waters and their marginal land areas. 2.26 Hydrologic Cycle - A phenomena relating to circulation of water from the sea, through the atmosphere to the land, and thence, often with many delays, back to the sea or ocean through various stages and processes, for example, precipitation, interception, run off, infiltration, percolation, ground-water storage, evaporation and transpiration. Also the many short circuits of the water that is returned to the atmosphere without reaching the sea, 2.27 Hydrologic Equation* - The water inventory equation (inflow E outflow f change in storage) which expresses the basic principle that during a givcu time interval the total inflow to an area .must equal the total outflow plus the net change in storage. NOTE - For any hydrologic system the terms are explained further in 2.27.1, 227.2 and 2.27.3. 2.27.1 1njbw- This term as implied in the hydrologic equation includes: 4 precipitation, b) surface inflow, C>w ater piped or channelled Into the area, and 4 ground water inflow while considering a ground water body. 6IS : 44’10 ( Part XI/See 1) - 1972 2.27.2 OutJow- This term includes: a) surface outflow; b) ground water; c) water piped or channelled out of the area; d) evaporation; e) transpiration; and fj interception, that is, precipitation intercepted by foli:lge and buildings and returned to the atmosphere lvithout reaching the ground. 2.27.3 Change in Storage - This term relates to the cumulative change in storage of: a) ground water, b) soil moisture, cj snow cover, d) surface reservoir water and depression storage, and c) water temporarily existing on th c surface of the ground as flowing water ( called channel storage if in channels or detention storage if not in channels ). 2.28 Hydrology -- The applied scirnrx concerned with the water of the earth in all its states - their occurrences, distribution and circulation through the rrnending hydrologic cycle of: aj precipitation, b) consequent run off, c) stream flow, dj infiltration and storage, e) eventual evaporation, and f j reprccipitation. It is concerned with the physical, chemical and physioIogica1 reac- tions of water with the rest of the earth, and its reiation to the life of the earth. 2.29 Hydrometeorology -- Meteorology concerned with water in the atmosphere as rain clouds, snow, hail and its effects on surface and/or subsurface flows, agriculture, etr 2.30 Hydrometry -- The measurement and analysis of the flow of water as well as the measurement of the specific gm-;ity of water or suspensions of finery d.ivided solids in water. 7IS t 4410 ( Part XI Set 1) - 1972 2.31 Hydrosphere - Aqueous envelope of the earth, including all oceans, lakes, streams, underground waters, ice in all its forms and the aqueous vapour in the atmosphere. 2.32 Ice Cap* -- Perennial cover of ice and snow over an extenjivc area of land or sea. 2.33 Influent Stream or Losing Stream - A stream or stretch of stream which contributes water to the zone of saturation. The water surface of such stream stands at a higher level than the water table or ~ie~ometric surface of the ground water body to which it contributes water. 2.34 Intermittent Stream - Stream which flows during a seasoIl. 2.35 Isobars* -- Lines joining points of equal atmospheric pressure. 2.36 Isotherms or Isothermal Lines * - Lines joining points of equal temperatures. 2.37 Limnology - That branch of hydrology relating to water of lakes and ponds. 2.38 Meteorology* - That branch of science which deals with atmospheric phenomena and the basic laws that produce and control such phenomena. 2.39 Pack Ice-A large body of floating pieces of ice moving together as a continuous cover or a rugged mass. 2.40 Perennial* - Flowing during all the year, for example, perennial stream, perennial canal. 2.41 Potamology * .- That branch of hydrology which pertains to surface streams, the science of rivers. 2.42 Regeneration -Regeneration, as distinct from return flow, is the water which enters the river ( or stream j as perctilation or seepage through its bed and banks. 2.43 Return Flow -Return flow is that portion of the wqter divrrtcd from a river or stream which ultimately finds its way back through surface run off ( visible flow ) and as percolation or seepage through the bed and banks ( invisible flow j. 2.44 River - A large stream for conveying water. 2.45 Semi-arid or Sub-arid -- A term applied to an arra or climate, neither entirely arld nor strictly humid but with a pronounced tendency towards arid character in which certain types nf crops can be grown without irrigation. 818 I 4410 ( Part XIpec 1 ) - 1972 2.46 Semi-humid or Sub-humid -Land or climate, neit&r entirely arid nor strictly humid, with pronounced tendency towards humid character. 2.47 Sheet Ice - Ice formed on the surtace of water in lakes, ponds, and streams where the velocity is low. It starts forming near the banks and then gradually extends towards the centre. 2.48 Slush Ice* - An unfrozen mixture of water and ice. 2.42 Stream - A natural channel for conveying water. 2.50 Torrent* -A stream of water flowing with great velocity or turbu- lence, as during a freshet or down a steep incline. 2.51 Thermograph - An instrument designed for automatic recording of temperatures. 2.52 Water Year - Continuous twelve-month period selected for maintaining or presenting records of flow, and or use of water or any river system. 9INDIAN STANDARDS L ON GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS IS : 4410 Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects IS : 4410 ( Part I )-I967 Irrigation practice IS : 4410 ( Part II )-1967 Project planning IS : 4410 ( Part III )-1967 River and river training IS : 4410 ( Part IV )-1967 Drawings IS : 4410 ( Part V )-1968 Canals IS : 4410 ( Part VI )-1968 Reservoirs IS : 4410 ( Part VII )-1968 Engineering geology IS : 4410 ( Part VIII )-1968 Dams and dam sections IS : 4410 ( Part IX )-1968 SpiUways and siphons IS : 4410 ( Part X)-1969 Civil works of hydra-electric generation system including water conductor system
8770.pdf	kS : 87’70 - 1958 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER FOR LABORATORY USE Chemical Standards Sectional Committee, CDC 1 Chairman Representing DR H. L. BAMI Central Forensic Science Laboratory, New Delhi DR K. NARAYANASWAMY (Alternate to Dr H. L. Bami ) AORIOULTURAL M AR K E T I N o Central Agmark Laboratory, Nagpur ADVISER SHRI T. V. MATHEW (Alternate ) SHRI A. K. BHATTACHARYA National Test House, Calcutta SHRI K. C. SEAL ( Alternate ) SHRIB.N. BHATTACHARYYA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI V. M. BHUCHAR NatioDne$ Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Snn~ D. S. CHADHA Directorate Gcncral of Health Services, New Delhi SMF DEBI MUK~ERJEE (Alternate ) Dn M. S. CHADHA Bhabha. Atomic Research Crntre, Bombay Snnr R. S. CHATI~ Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay SHRI G. H~NQARH The Century Spg & Mfg Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI OM PRAEAD ( Alternate ) DR B. N. MATTO Maharashtra State Forensic Science Laboratory, Bombay Dn M. S. MADIWALA (Alternate) DR P. R. PABHAI Central Indian Pharmacopoeia Laboratory, Ghaziabad SHRI D. RAMAMUIY~HY Bharat Heavy Electr.icals Ltd, Tiruchirapalli SHI~I M. B. UNNI ( Alternate ) DR V. S. RAMANATHAN Central Revenues Control Laboratory, New Delhi SH~I KESHAV PRASAD ( Alternate ) SHRI G. K. RAO Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) Da A. K. SPN ( Altern&) DR M. P. SAHAKARI Italab Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. S. HONA~AB ( Alternate ) ( Contkued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1978 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the 1 publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act. I .18:8770-1978 ( Continuedfio~n page 1 ) Representing Regional Research Laboratory ( CSIR ), Bhnba- neswar Dn T. I’. I’lcAS.4D ( ilk/rate ) SENIOR CI~EWST & METALLUR- Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) UIST, CENTRAL RAILWAY, BOMBAY ASSISTANT DIRECTOH ( MET ), RDSO, LUOHNOW ( Alternate ) DR R. T. TIUXPY Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi Dn G. M. SAXENA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-ojicio Member) Director ( Chem ) Secrelary SHKI N. K. SHARVA Deputy Director (Chem ), IS1 Panel for Artificial Sea Water for Laboratory Use, CDC 1 : P3 Conoener SHI~I V. M. BHUCH~K National Physical I.aboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi Ahmbers SIULI C. 1’. DE Paints & Allird Products Sectional Committee; CIDC 8, ISI; and C:orrosion Protection Sectional Committee, SMDC 29, IS1 DR K. P. BUCH ( Alternate ) LT-COL T. R. K. SUNI~~XAM Environmental Testing Procedures Sectional Committee, LTDC 2, IS1tS:8770-1978 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER FOR LABORATORY USE 0. FOREWORD 0.1‘ This Indian Standard was adopted by t he Indian Standards Institution on 25 April 1978, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Standards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. 0.2 This standard is intended to achieve uniformity and avoid unnecessary variations in the details of the composition of artificial sea water for con- ducting laboratory tests as given in different Indian Standards. 0.3 Artificial sea water is used for laboratory testing such as evaluating the deleterious effects on metallic, wooden and concrete surfaces and structures, electronic components, test for oil contamination and detergency eva]ua- tion and for oceanographic, biochemical rrnci forensic purposes, otc, where a reproducible solution simulatin, o* sea water is rerluircd. The effect of marine flora and f:,luna are cxcludecl. 0.3.1 The sea water composition required for the salt mist test for electronic and electrical equipment has also been given in this standard for guidance. 0.4 The lack of organic matter, suspended matter, and marine life in this solution does not permit unqualified acceptance of test results as represent- ing performance in actual sea water. 0.5 Since the concentration of sea water varies with the sampling location, the gross concentration employed herein is the average of many rcJj&le individual analysis of sea water along the Indian coast line. 0.6 In the preparation of this standard assistance has been derived from ASTM D 1141-52 ( reapproved 1971 ) Standard specification for substitute ocean water, issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials, USA. 0.7 For the purpose of decidin, m whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres- sing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2- 1!330. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the sprcificd value in this standard. _~_. 3IS:8770 - 1978 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard specifies the composition and the method of preparation of artificial sea water for conducting tests in the laboratory. 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 2.1 The artificial sea water for laboratory use shall conform to the chemi- cal composition given in Table 1 when prepared by the method given in 5.2. TABLE 1 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER SL COMPOUND CONCENTRATION, No. ( ANHYUHOW ) 611 (1) (2) (3) i) Sodium chloride 23.5 ii) Magnesium chloride 5-o iii) Sodium sulphate 3.9 iv) Calcium chloride 1.1 v) Potassium chloride O@i vi) Sodium bicarbonate 0.20 vii) Potassium bromide 0.10 viii) Boric acid 0.026 ix) Strontium chloride 0.024 X) Sodium fluoride 0,003 NOTE - Chlorinity ofthis artificial sea water is 18.57. Chlorinity as used in this standard is an oceanographic term and is a measure of total halides in sea water which are precipitated by silver nitrate. It is numerically defined as the mass of silver required to completely precipitate the halogens in 0.328 5 kg of sea water. 2.2 The composition of artificial sea water required for the salt mist test for electronic and electrical equipment is given in Appendix A for guidance. 3. QUALITY OF REAGENTS 3.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals and distilled water (see IS : 1070-1977 ) shall be employed in the preparation of the required solution. NOW - 4 Pure chemicals ’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the results of analysis. Specification for water for general laboratory use ( second renisiurr ). 4IS:8770 - 1978 4. REAGENTS 4.1 Sodium Chloride - See IS : 4408-1967. 4.2 Magnesium Chloride -See IS : 254-19737. 4.3 Sodium Sulphate 4.4 Calcium Chloride -See IS : 131+1967$. 4.5 Potassium Chloride- See IS : 7223-1973& 4.6 Sodium Bicarbonate -See IS : 2124-196211. 4.7 Potassium Bromide - See IS : 2797-19647. 4.8 Boric Acid 4.9 Strontium Chloride 4.10 Sodium Fluoride 4.11 Standard Sodium Carbonate Solution - 0.1 N. 5. METHOD OF PREPARATION 5.1 Preparation’ of Solution 5.1.1 Stock Solution A - Dissolve the indicated amounts of the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of 10 litres. Store in well- stoppered glass container: Magnesium chloride ( MgCI,.GH,O ) 5 335.0 g Calcium chloride, anhydrous ( CaClc) 550-o g Strontium chloride ( SrCla-6H,0 ) 21.0 g 5.1.2 Stock Solution B - Dissolve the indicated amounts of the following salts in water and dilute to a total volume of 10 litres. Store in well- stoppered glass container: Potassium chloride ( KC1 ) 660.0 g Sodium bicarbonate ( NaHCOs ) 200.0 g Potassium bromide ( KBr ) 100.0 g Boric acid ( HsBOs ) 26.0 g Sodium fluoride ( NaF ) 3.8 g *Specification for sodium chloride, analytical’reagent. tspecification for magnesium chloride ( secondm ision ). Specification for calcium chloride (/kst revision) . QS pecification for potassium chloride, analytical reagent. IlSpecification for sodium bicarbonate. T[Specification for potassium bromide. 5IS : 8770 - 1978 5.2 Preparation of Artificial Sea Water - Dissolve 235~0 g of sodium chloride and 39-O g of anhydrous sodium sulphate in 8 to 9 litres of water. Add slowly with vigorous stirring 200 ml of stock solution A and then 100 ml of stock solution B. Dilute to 10 litres. Adjust thefiH to 7.8 to 8.2 with sodium carbonate solution. Only a few millilitres of sodium carbo- nate should be required. NOTE -The solution should be mixed and the pH adjusted immediately before US?. . APPENDIX A ( Clause 2.2 ) COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER FOR SALT MIST TEST FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT A-l. The composition of artificial sea water required for the salt mist test is given in Table 2. TABLE 2 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER FOR SALT MIST TEST FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SL COMYCUND CONCENTRATION, No. ( ANSIYI)HOUS) g/l (1) (2) (3) i) Sodium chloride 26.5 ii) Magnesium sulphatc 3.3 iii) Magnesium chloride 2.4 iv) Calcium chloride 1.1 v) Potassium chloride 0.73 vi) Sodium bromide 0.28 vii) Sodium bicarbonate 0.20 6 .
228_18.pdf	IS 228(Part18):1998 m (ww~~~ Indian Standard METHODSOFCHEMICALANALYSIS OFSTEELS PART 18 DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN BY INSTRUMENTAL METHOD ( FOR OXYGEN 0.001 to 0.100 0 PERCENT ) ( Second Revision ) ICS 77.080.20 @BIS 1998 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI I 10002 May 1998 Price Group 1Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals Sectional Committee, MTD 2 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 18) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. IS 228, which was first published in 1952 and subsequently revised in 1959, covered the chemical analysis of plain carbon and low alloy steels, along with pig iron and cast iron. It was revised again to make it comprehensive in respect of steel analysis and to exclude pig iron and cast iron which were being covered in separate standards. During its second revision the standard has been split up in several parts. This part covers the methods for determination of oxygen. The other parts of this series are: IS 22x hqethods for chemical analysis of steels : (Part I) : 1987 Determination of carbon by volumetric method (for carbon 0.05 to 2.50 percent) (Part 2) : 1987 Determination of manganese in plain carbon and low alloy steels by arsenite method (Part 3) : 1987 Determination of phosphorus by alkalimetric method (Part 4) : I987 Determination of total carbon by gravimetric method (for carbon greater than or equal to 0. I percent) (Part 5) : 1987 Determination of nickel by dimethyl g!yoxime (gravimetric) method (for nickel greater than or equal to 0.1 percent) (Part 6) : 1987 Determination of chromium by persulphate oxidation method (for chromium greater than or equal to 0. I percent) (Part 7) : 1990 Determination of molybdenum by benzoinoxine method (for molybdenun greater than or equal to I percent) (Part 8) : I989 Determination of silicon by the gravimetric method (for silicon 0.05 to 5.00 percent) (Part 9) : I989 Determination of sulphur in plain carbon steels by evolution method (for sulphur 0.0 i to 0.25 percent) (Part IO) : 1989 Determination of molybdenum by thiocyanate (photometric ) method in low and high alloy steels (for molybdenum 0.01 to 1.5 percent) (Part I I) : 1990 Determination of silicon by photometric method in carbon steels and low alloy steels (for silicon 0.0 1 to 0.05 percent) (Part 12) : 1988 Determination of manganese by periodate spectrophotometric method in low and high alloy steels (for manganese 0.01 to 2.0 percent) (Part 13) : 1982 Determination of arsenic (Part 14) : 1988 Determination of carbon by themal conductivity method (for copper 0.005 to 2.OOOpercent) (Part 15) : 1992 Determination of copper by thiosulaphate iodide method (for copper 0.05 to 5 percent) (Part 16) : 1992 Determination of tungsten by spectrophotometric method (for tungsten 0.1 to 2 percent) (Part 17) : 1998 Determination of nitrogen by thermal conductivity method (for nitrogen up to .04 percent) In this revision ‘Instrumental Method’ for determination of oxygen in steel has been introduced. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS228(Part18):1!998 Indian Standard METHODSOFCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OFSTEELS PART 18 DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN BY INSTRUMENTAL METHOD ( FOR OXYGEN 0.001 to 0.100 0 PERCENT ) ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE of argon helium or nitrogen depending upon the instrument model and the evolved gases are passed This standard (Part 18) describes the method for through infrared detector where CO is measured determination of oxygen in steel in the range from directly or after its conversion to CO2. The detector 0.001 to 0.100 0 percent by available instruments. response to this change is displayed directly as oxygen 2 SAMPLING content. 2.1 Location and selection of sample can be as per 3.3 Reagents requirements and to get a good representative sample. Use only solid samples to minimise the errors due to 3.3.1 Acetone or n-Hexane surface oxidation. Sample size and weight shall be 3.3.2 Ascarite such so as to suit the crucible in which fusion is being carried out. 3.3.3 Inert Gas Helium, Argon of the Required Purity 2.2 Sample preparation technique is critical to attain 3.3.4 Magnesium Perchlorate consistent, reliable and reproducible oxygen readings. 3.3.5 Charcoal and Copper Oxide, in a rare-earth Cut samples to the appropriate size using cut-off oxide mixed based (used in some instruments). wheels or by machining. Avoid over heating and other oxide contaminations during preparation. Typical 3.4 Procedure sample size of 5-6 mm dia (or 5 mm) and 50 mm length is suitable for all types of instruments. File the 3.4.1 Prepare and stabilise the instrument. Change piece with clean, smooth file and abrade the entire the chemicals and filters as required. Check for surface to remove all traces of oxidation. Cut by using leakage and run two or three dummy analysis to check clean hacksaw blade (without paint) to 3-4 mm long the operation and clean the system before taking up pieces weighing approx 1 g. Hand file again the cut calibration with standard samples. faces. With a fine grade silicon carbide paper clean the 3.4.2 Since accuracy of analysis mainly depends on surface and drop it in a bottle containing acetone and the standards, for calibration select highly do ultrasonic cleaning. While handing the sample use homogeneous samples of identical base material, for tweezers. Do not touch the surface with fingers during which oxygen values have been certified. In some and in the following stages of cleaning. instruments, gas dosing calibration is available to set 3 DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN up the instrument response, but it is recommended to confirm the same with standards. 3.1 Outline of the Method The sample is melted in a graphite crucible under inert 3.4.3 Determine the blank value as per the instructions gas stream, at a temperature of not less than 2 000°C and incorporate the same if the instrument is to release oxygen, which combines with carbon from automatic-type or it can be reduced from the oxygen the crucible to form carbon monoxide and which is value later. carried along with the inert gas to infrared detector. The detector output is displayed as oxygen content. 3.4.4 Weigh accurately to the nearest 1 mg of The detector output is calibrated with similar standards calibration standard having low, medium and high for which certified oxygen values are available. oxygen contents. Weight shall be as per the instrument’s capability. 3.2 Instruments 3.2.1 For the instruments based on the infrared 3.4.5 Follow the calibration procedures as laid down detector the.sample is melted in the furnace in a stream by the operation manual of the instrmment and 1I IS 228 ( Part 18 ) : 1998 establish the instrument response. Confrm the same out analysis as per the procedure specified by the by running two additional standards. The response instrument manufacturer. Note the oxygen value. should be within f 0.000 5 percent oxygen for Carry out the analysis in replicate and average the duplicate runs. values, discarding the outlier beyond + 0.000 5 percent. At least three values should be within _+O.OOO 3.4.6 Take freshly prepared sample as per the Sample 5 percent. preparation procedure (or sample prepared and stored in acetone). Wash the same in acetone or n-hexane and 3.5 Precision dry thoroughly. Weigh the sample accurately and place it in the automatic sample loading device. Carry Expected + 0.000 5 at 0.005 0 percent oxygen level.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Stmdurds Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizs, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the hasis of comments. 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3594.pdf	IS 3594 : 1991 hdian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:G ENERAL STORAGE AND WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD STORAGES ( First Revision ) UDC 669’81 : 725’355 0 BIS 1991 BUREAU OF 1NDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 March 1991 Price Group 4Fire Safety Sectional Committee, CED 36 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards after the draft finalized by the Fire Safety Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. This standard covering essential requirements of fire safety of godowns and warehouses was first issued in 1967. Based on the experience gained during its implementation, the standard has now been revised. Fires in storage buildings and warehouses account for a great percentage of total number of out- breaks in industrial occupancies and almost invariably assume serious proportions. If fire starts when the godown is closed, it often remains undetected for sometime and by then, it assumes serious proportions. The principal causes of outbreak of fire in a godown are careless smoking, electrical sources, spontaneous ignition, falling of sparks/embers from external source, carrying out of dangerous operations, like welding, cutting, spray painting, etc, either in the godown building or in buildings communicating with the godown, use of naked lights for cooking, faulty electrical installations, storage of different goods which would be hazardous in combination. The three primary considerations, in providing adequate and reasonable fire protection and safe- guards for storage occupancies are, the fire behaviour of stored materials, their storage arrangement, and the type of building itself. Once a fire occurs in a storage building the fire propagation and duration depend primarily on these factors. The earlier a fire is detected, controlled and extin- guished, the lesser the damage will result. Frequency of fire outbreaks and losses suffered as a result, may be considerably reduced if proper attention is paid to various aspects affecting fire safety, such as fire resistive construction, compart- mentation, proper layout, size and height of the building, provision of smoke and heat ventilation, drainage arrangements, regulating the quantity and type of stocks in any particular godown, segregation of stocks having a varying fire risk, size and height of piles, provision of adequate aisles, separation of storage and process activities, minimising exposure hazards by proper layout of the building, etc. Automatic fire detection, alarm and protection arrangements are of utmost importance because warehouses are normally occupied only by comparatively less number of people during working hours and hardly any or at all during non-working hours. When the value in a fire area is extremely high, it will be desirable to sub-divide it by one or more structurally independent fire walls. Cold storage warehouses are used primarily for extended storage of food products at low tempera- tures which prevent or retard spoilage. Depending on the products or processes, temperatures in cold storage range from -5°C to 20°C. Despite such low temperatures, cold storage warehouses are not immune to fire hazards. In fact, the low temperatures present unusual fire prevention and control problems which may assume serious proportions when such premises are located outside municipal limits. Combustible materials in such warehouses include cork or expanded plastic insulation, wood dunnage, pallets, boxes, fireboard and paper containers and wrappings, etc. Although fire frequency in such premises, is relatively low, considering the presence of large fire potential, the fire protection arrangements for the cold storage warehouses have to be of the same standard as for the normal storage occupancies. Many combustible materials such as grains, sugar, starch, flour, etc, are handled and stored in bulk. These are generally stored in bulk in silos, bins, etc. Such special storage practice are not covered under this standard. Provisions of this Code are supplementary to the relevant statutory requirements as laid down in Indian Factory Act, Petroleum Rules, Gas Cylinder Rules, etc.IS 3594 : 1991 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS:G ENERAL STORAGE AND WAREHOUSING INCLUDING COLD STORAGES ( First Revision ) 1 SCOPE 3.6 Smoke Vints Openings, fitted with manually-operated shutters, 1.1 This code covers the essential requirements used for removal of smoke from a fire. of fire safety of all godowns, warehouses and outdoor storage sites forming part of chemical process, industrial transportation and such other 4 LOCATION complexes and those rented or owned by public and private warehousing bodies or individuals. 4.1 The godowns and warehouses should be so located as to have as far as possible minimum 1.2 This code also covers the essential require- exposure to external fires, adequate water supply ments of fire safety of cold storage buildings. for fire fighting purposes and easy access to public fire services. NOTE - The provisions of this Code are to be regard- ed as supplementary to the provisions laid down under Indian Petroleum Rules and Indian Explosive 4.2 Wherever possible, the buildings and open Rules in case of materials to which those rules are storage sites should be atleast 50 m away from a applicable. railway line, siding or yard used by locomotives. 2 REFERENCES 4.3 Buildings within municipal limits of a city or 2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are town should not be used for storage of fireworks, necessary adjuncts to this standard. gun powders and other explosives, nitrocellulose, vegetable fibres and flammable liquids having 3 TERMINOLOGY flash point less than 65°C without obtaining prior approval from appropriate authority. 3.0 For the purpose of this Code the definitions given below shall apply. 5 COMPOUNDS 3.1 Cold Storage 5.1 Whenever the storage building are located in its own compound the area of the compound Refrigerated storage building. should conform to the requirements given in 8. 3.2 Hazardous and Extra-Hazardous Goods 5.2 Roadways alongside the godowns should be Goods which are considered dangerous from fire, not less than 5 m wide for manoeuvring of fire explosion and/or toxicity point of view because engines and the gates of the compound shall be at of their inherent properties and when involved in least 4’5 m wide, and of sufficient headroom to fires raise special problems of their control and allow unobstructed passage of fire engines. extinguishment. 6 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 3.3 Non-hazardous Goods Goods which neither have any hazardous property 6.1 General Godowns and Warehouses nor create any special problems when involved in a fire. No commodity shall ,be regarded as Godowns used for storage of hazardous and non-hazardous unless so ruled by the appropriate extra-hazardous goods should conform to Type I authority. of the fire resistance grading of buildings specified in IS 1642 : 1989, while those used for storage of 3.4 Insulation Boards non-hazardous goods shall conform to Type II. Building materials used for thermal insulation of 6.1.1 Floor Areas cold storages. 6.1.1.1 Single storey storage buildings should be 3.5 Separating Walls divided by separating walls into compartments Walls built according to specification laid down not exceeding 750 m* in floor area, and neither its in IS 1642 : 1989. length nor breadth should exceed 40 m. 1IS 3594 : 1991 6.1.1.2 Each floor of storeyed storage buildings depend on the size and construction of the build- should be compartmented as per 6.1.1.1. In case ings and should be according to relevant Indian of basement floors, however, maximum permis- Standard. sible compartment area should not exceed 500 m2. The floors themselves should have a 2-hours fire 6.1.8 Means of Exit resistance and an opening therein should be protected to give a fire resistance of equal degree. 6.1.8.1 Every storage/warehouse building should have a minimum of two exit doorways, and at the 6.1.2 All staircases, lift or hoist walls should be rate of one exit doorway per every 30 m length of of the enclosed type, cut off from the storage the external walls of the building. compartments by brick walls of at least 20 cm thickness and any openings therein should be 6.1.8.2 The means of exit as well as the exit ways, protected by fire check doors conforming to travel distances, etc, should be as per the guide- IS 3614 ( Part 1 ) : 1966. lines given in IS 1641 : 1988. 6.1.3 Heights 6.1.8.3 No doors or other openings should be 6.1.3.1 Buildings used for storage of hazardous allowed in the wells separating any two godowns. and extra-hazardous goods should be preferably of single storeyed structure and in no case should 6.2 Cold Storage Buildings exceed 2 storeys in height. 6.2.1 The building used for storage of non- 6.1.3.2 In no case should a storage building hazardous goods should conform to Type II of exceed 15 m in height. IS 1642 : 1989. If used for storage of hazardous goods, it should conform to Type I of IS 1642 : 6.1.3.3 The ceiling heights of individual storeys 1989. should be held to a minimum, dictated by both the nature of commodity stored and the material 6.2.2 The building may be of storeyed construc- handling system in use. In no case, however, this tion provided with alternate means of escape. The height should exceed 7’5 m. height of the building should not exceed 15 m. 6.1.4 FIoor Drainage 6.2.3 The floor area of an individual compartment The floors should be of watertight construction divided by separating walls should not exceed and scuppers of not less than 20 cm2 cross- 750 m”. sectional area should be provided at not more than 6’0 m intervals or as required to take care of 6.2.4 The heat insulating materials used should maximum water discharge from hydrant/sprinkler preferably be non-combustible. Cambustible system. materials, when used for walls or ceilings, should be protected by an approved thermal barrier or 6.1.5 External Drainage by a minimum 15 mm thick coat of cement plaster on metal lath attached to the building framing. External drains of not less than 25 cm width and For polystyrene materials the barrier may also be 30 cm depth should be provided along the side of either 15 mm gypsum wallboard or 20 mm fire each building and so constructed that any flow of retardant plywood supported by studs attached to water from the building be directed to a suitable the framing. The thermal barrier should extend ground tank or reservoir or public drainage for a height of atleast 1’5 m above the level of system in the vicinity not leading to a natural each floor or stage. The boards if laid over floors water source. should also be coated with minimum 15 mm thick cement plaster or covered with a wearing No external drainage of warehouses storing slab of reinforced concrete bonded with cement hazardous goods should be connected to public mortar and laid over bitumen spread evenly over drainage system which leads directly to a natural insulating material. water source. l 6.1.6 Smoke Vents 6.2.5 Where installation of automatic sprinklers is a requirement, they should be provided below Roofs of single storeyed godowns should be fitted false ceilings and the voids above the false ceilings with automatic or manually operated smoke vents should also be similarly protected if the space of approved type. The sizes of the vents, their exceeds 1 m in vertical height, and if less, by distribution, etc should be according to relevant provision of tire stops at a distance not exceeding Indian Standard. 20 m. 6.1.1 Normal Ventilation 6.2.6 Where high racks are used for storage, In addition to requirements specified in 6.1.6 in-rack sprinklers designed to reach the spaces arrangements should be provided for adequate between the racks should also be installed in normal ventilation of the godowns, which would addition to the ceiling mounted ones. 2IS 3594 : 1991 6.2.7 Where automatic sprinklers are not a 9 STORAGE ARRANGEMENTS requirement, a well-designed automatic fire alarm system, conforming to IS 2189 : 1988 should be 9.1 General installed, covering the area above false ceiling as wall. 9.1.1 All materials should be handled and stacked with due regard to the materials characteristic. 7 SEPARATfNG WALLS 9.1.2 Materials should be so stacked that: 7.1 Separating walls should be provided between: 4 internal spread of fire is minimized, 4 a storage godown and a packing godown, b) they are easily accessible for fire fighting b) a storage godown and a process building, and salvage operations, and 4 a storage godown and boiler house or 4 portions of the material which in case of where naked flames are used, fire may constitute an added hazard may be removed easily. d) a non-hazardous storage godown and a harardous or extra-hazardous storage godown, and 9.1.3 Neat stacking and good housekeeping should be maintained at all times. 4 a hazardous storage godown and an extra- hazardous storage godown. 9.1.4 Materials which by reason of their bulk cannot ordinarily be placed in ordinary storage 7.2 Separating walls should also be constructed buildings, namely, coal, baled cork, timber logs, to form storage compartments not exceeding grass bamboos and raw or scrap rubber, shall be 750 m2 floor area. stored outside. 7.3 Separating walls should be provided between 9.1.5 Materials which are particularly susceptible cold storage buildings and their air-conditioning to water damage should be stored on skids, plant and other machine rooms. pallets, elevated platforms or such other devices of at least 20 cm in height. 8 DISTANCES 8.1 No outdoor storage should be allowed within 9.1.6 Racks, shelves and pallets should preferably 15’0 m of a godown or warehouse unless all be of non-combustible construction. doorways in the facing sides are protected with either fire-resistant doors or shutters or a drencher 9.1.7 Toxic materials should be stored system, and all windows or other openings separately. Fire fighting water from this area protected with wired glass or a drencher system. which cannot be led to storm water drain without treatment shall be collected separately or led NOTE- Necessity of adhering to these provisions to effluent treatment pond. may be waived by the authority in cases where the outdoor storage is of non-combustible materials. 9.1.8 A concrete pit on ground shall be made at a finished place to collect all the waste materials 8.2 In no case should any outdoor storage be like empty packing boxes, used cotton waste, etc. allowed within 6’0 m of a godown obstructing any access to the building. 9.2 Indoor Storage 8.3 No godown for storing non-hazardous goods should face a godown containitig hazardous 9.2.1 Aisles and Passageways or extra-hazardous goods unless one of the following conditions are satisfied: 9.2.1.1 Aisles and passageways should be maintained at reasonable intervals to provide 4 The distance between the facing godowns convenient access to all portions of storage. exceeds 15’0 m, b) One of the facing walls be of separating 9.2.1.2 These passageways or aisles should be so wall specification and be blanked having spaced that the total content of individual stacks no openings whatsoever, and do not exceed 700 m3. In case of baled fibres or c) The openings in the facing walls be pro- other combustible goods, however, aisles shall be tected with fire check doors or wired placed as intervals not exceeding 15’0 m. glasses or both, and of approved type and with a drencher system. 9.2.1.3 The passageways or aisles should be of sufficient width for the removal or transfer of 8.4 In no case shall the distance between any two material and in general shall have a minimum facing godowns be less than 12 m. width of 2’0 m. NOTE - Provisions of 8.3 ,and 8.4 should not be 9.2.1.4 Where mechanical handling appliances are applicable to individual godowns of a range of used a minimum width of 2’5 m should be godowns, as in this case the godowns do not face each other. provided. 3IS 3594 : 1991 9.2.1.5 As far as practicable, passageways and 9.3.6 The piles should be separated by aisle ways, aisles should be located opposite doors or window the width of which should equal the height of the openings in the exterior walls and no goods higher pile, but not less than 3’0 m. should be deposited within 2’0 m of any such opening so as not to cause difficulties in the way 9.4 Floor Loads of effective operation of water jets from hoses connected to hydrant points or from fire engines. 9.4.1 For any building, floor loads as originally designed should not be exceeded. 9.2.1.6 Wall aisles, that is, the aisles along side 9.4.2 For water absorbent materials, normal floor walls should be of sufficient width to permit loads be reduced to take this into account. passage of an employee. In case of storage of baled fibre products and all other water absorbent 9.5 Segregation Materials materials in bales, the width of wall aisles should not be less than 1’0 m. 9.5.1 Hazardous and extra-hazardous materials should be segregated from each other as also from 9.2.2 Stack Heights other non-hazardous materials. 9.2.2.1 Stack should not be piled so high as to 9.5.2 Materials which may be hazardous in make them unstable under fire fighting conditions combination should be stored separately in and and in general they should not be more than segregated areas. 4’50 m in height where no automatic sprinklers are installed. In high-bay storehouses where the 9.5.3 Materials which emit large amount of stack heights exceed 4’5 m, automatic sprinklers smoke and or toxic gases should be stored in should be provided. In any case, the maximum separate well-ventilated godowns. height of stacks should not exceed 12 m. In no case, however, the clearance of the top of the 9.5.4 For the storage of certain materials, for highest storage level from undersides of the example, fats, waxes, sulphur, resins, bitumen, lowest beams, girder or other ceiling projections pitch and rubber which are solids at ordinary should be less than 1’0 m. A colour band should temperature but melt easily under heat of fire, be painted on the walls of the godown indicating precautions should be taken against propagation the maximum height to which materials are to be of fire from point to point and from floor to floor stacked. through stairs, lift wells, pipes or ducts. The same precautions should be taken with oils and 9.2.2.2 In case of having provision for sprinkler, spirits and flammable liquids in general. godowns, a clearance of at least 1’0 m should be maintained between highest storage level and the 9.5.5 Gas cylinders, which are liable to explode sprinkler head, throughout the godown. when exposed to a fire should be stored in detached buildings segregated from all other storages by separating walls. 9.3 Outdoor Storage 9.5.6 Contaminating commodities, such as poisons, 9.3.1 Wherever possible goods should be stored dyes, tanning extracts, gums, and soda ash shall on raised brick or concrete platforms. In case not be stored along with or on floor above food this is not possible the storage site should be stuff storage. kept free from accumulation of unnecessary combustible materials, weeds and grass shall be 9.5.7 Fire hazard characteristics of stored mate- kept down and regular system provided for rials should be ascertained beforehand. Where periodic clean up of area. complete information is lacking, the materials shall be assumed to be hazardous and segregated 9.3.2 The storage area should be surrounded by a accordingly. fence or other suitable means to prevent access of unauthorized person. Adequate number of gates NOTE - Specific safety requirements in respect of should be provided to such barriers to permit certain hazardous commodities such as rubber, gas, cvlinders. acids. chemicals. flammable liquids, rolled ready access of fire apparatus. paper, films, et;, are not dealt with here. 9.3.3 Materials should be stacked in as low and 10 MACHINERY small piles as possible in respect of the particular type of materials stored. 10.1 Mechanical handling equipment. 9.3.4 The maximum height of piles should not 10.1.1 Mobile appliances powered by petrol or exceed 10’0 m. diesel or petrol/diesel engines. 9.3.5 The maximum quantity of material stored 10.1.1.1 The fuel tanks of such equipment should in a single pile will depend on the commodity be permanently attached to the appliance and so stored. Whenever possible not more than 500 t placed or guarded as to minimize risk of of materials be stored in any single pile. mechanical injury. 4IS 3594 : 1991 10.1.1.2 Induction system of all petrol motors/ 11.2.2.1 The electrical wiring in these cases also engines should be provided with flame arrestors. be installed externally as far as possible, except- ing for the stretches required for connection to 10.1.1.3 The exhaust system should be provided fittings. with spark arrestors and so designed and located in such a way as to prevent discharge of flame and 11.2.3 Every lighting fitting should be affixed to sparks or hot gases on to combustible materials, the well or roof not more than 45 cm below roof and contact of any part of the system with such of the godown. In case of sprinklered godowns materials. each light fitting should be either above the level of the sprinkler heads or be not less than 30 cm 10.1.1.4 Filling or emptying of fuel tanks should below that level. not be done in any warehouse or within 6’0 m of any storage of combustible materials. 11.2.3.1 All light fittings should have a minimum 10.1.1.5 A master switch should be fitted to clearance of 75 cm from highest stacking level. disconnect the battery from the electrical system. 11.2.4 In case of godowns storing extra hazardous 10.1.1.6 Every appliance should carry an approv- goods, all switches and control equipment should ed suitable extinguisher like dry powder or be located outside godowns and shall be of flame Halon 1211 or carbon dioxide type. These shall proof construction conforming to the relevant conform to the relevant Indian Standards. statutory rules. 10.1.2 Storage Battery Driven Runabout Trucks 11.2.4.1 All fittings in such situations should be of approved type of flame proof construction. Construction of electrical equipment of this type of vehicles should comply with 9.5 of IS 1646 : 11.3 Mains-Operated Electrical Stackers 1982. 11.3.1 The wirings on the stackers should be 10.2 Refrigerating Machinery enclosed in screwed steel conduits. 10.2.1 All the refrigeration equipment should 11.3.2 Each wall socket should be separately conform to the specifications laid down in switch controlled and both switch and sockets IS 660 : 1963 and electric wiring as laid down in shall be enclosed in watertight iron case or cases. IS 659 : 1964 to the extent the same may apply to the cold storage enclosures. 11.3.2.1 The plug and socket should be of 3-pin type, the third pin being for earthing purposes. 10.2.2 Refrigerant used should be of non- The plug should also be of head shield type, combustible nature. whilst the socket should be provided with screwed brass cover and the plug with a screwed brass ring 11 ELECTRICAL [NSTALLATIONS to render the apparatus watertight whether the plug is inserted or not. 11.1 The installation and maintenance of electri- cal wiring and equipment should comply with 11.3.3 Interlocked plugs and switches may be the provisions laid down in IS 1646 : 1982. used provided they comply with 11.3.2. Additional provisions as given in this Code should also be complied with wherever applicable. 11.3.4 The flexible connection to the stacker should be made with tough rubber compound 11.1.1 A main switch with indicator lamp shall sheathed trailing cable. The sheathing should be provided near the entrance so that total power have some additional mechanical protection, such to warehouse could be cut off, during fire as hard cord braiding. The trailing cable should conditions, if required. contain an earthing core to which all iron cased apparatus on the stacker and its frame should be 11.2 Lighting Wiring connected and earthed through plugs. 11.2.1 The electrical wiring other than that for portable lamps should be in screwed steel conduits 11.4 Overhead Electrical Travelling Cranes and or should be of mineral insulated copper or Runways aluminium sheathed cable with or without PVC serving. In case of cold storages, the wiring 11.4.1 Besides complying with 11.4 of IS 1646 : should be of mineral insulated copper or 1982, requirements of 11.4.2 to 11.4.4 of this aluminium sheathed cables with or without PVC standard shall also be complied with. serving. 11.4.2 All switchgears and fuses should be com- 11.2.2 In case of godowns storing fibrous goods, pletely enclosed in iron cases and an emergency flammable liquids, nitrocellulose, fireworks or switch provided to isolate the crane during explosives, all switches and control equipment inspection, cleaning and repairs. should be located outside the godown. All portable lamps used shall be of 24 V with 11.4.3 The driving motors should be of totally adequate protection. enclosed type. 5IS 3594 : 1991 11.4.4 All wiring in connection with this type of etc, shall be indicated on the building plot plan equipment, other than bars, copper collectors or and displayed prominently at the entrance of the trolley wires should be enclosed in screwed steel godowns. conduits. 14 GENERAL SAFETY PROVISIONS AND 12 ILLUMINATION HOUSEKEEPING 12.1 All godowns should have an illumination of 14.1 Following notices should be displayed in at least 50 lux. prominent places: 13 FIRE FIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS a) Instruction to the staff 13.1 Fire Alarm Service i) How to call the nearest fire brigade, and In automatic fire alarm system conforming to ii) What to do in case of a fire breaking- IS 2189 : 1988 should be provided unless the out in the premises. godown be protected with an automatic sprinkler installation. For large open area sites, a well b) Prohibition of smoking except in selected designed manual fire alarm system should be buildings. provided. 14.2 Use of naked flames, welding, cutting and 13.1.1 All fire-fighting appliances should conform spray painting operations, should not be allowed to relevant Indian Standard. excepting in detached buildings specifically set apart for those purposes. 13.1.2 As fires in storage premises require large quantities of water for fire fighting, a well-design- ed water supply system consisting of fire hydrants 14.3 Fuel tanks for mobile material handling and static water tanks conforming to IS 9668 : appliances should not be filled anywhere excepting 1980 should be provided for all storage buildings separate building for that purpose. exceeding 750 ma area and for outdoor storage areas exceeding 2 000 ma area. For smaller pre- 14.4 Road vehicles should not be allowed to stand mises, especially those located over 8 km from the inside the godowns or in the vicinity of outdoor nearest public or municipal fire station, at least storage sites with engines running. one self-fed static water tank of not less than 125 000 litres capacity should be provided with 14.5 All godowns and compounds should be proper access and hardstanding for heavy fire swept clean everyday and systematic removal of engines. weeds from the compound shall be enforced. 13.2 Buckets and portable chemical fire extinguis- hers conforming to relevant Indian Standards 14.6 Every godown should be thoroughly inspect- should be provided in suitable locations in the ed before it is closed. If possible, all such go- vicinity of these godowns in accordance with the downs which were opened during the day should provisions contained in IS 2190 : 1979. be reopened and reinspected one hour after their closure after that they should be finally closed. 13.3 All godowns, warehouses exceeding 750 m2 in floor area should be protected with a well 14.7 All fire check doors should be kept shut designed automatic sprinkler protection. when not needed and after the end of day’s work. Vision slits may be provided (with proper security 13.4 Besides the first-aid fire fighting equipment, safeguards) in the external doors to enable the all fixed fire protection systems installed in the security staff on patrolling duty to promptly storage buildings/areas should be subjected to detect any outbreak of fire within the building. periodical inspections and maintenance so as to ensure their proper functioning in case of emer- 14.8 Shutters of door and window openings gency, if necessary, through a maintenance should be made reasonably secure against entry contract with any approved agency. of unauthorized persons. 13.5 In very large storage installations consisting of several warehouses or godowns especially involve 14.9 Even temporary storage of commodity in costly or hazardous goods or stores of vital the open should not be allowed if such storage national interest, it may be necessary to provide obstructs access to godown doors., hydrant points a full time Fire Brigade with appropriate major and sprinkler valves. fire-fighting equipment with the premises. The details of requirements for this full time fire 14.10 In all bulk storage premises, it should be fighting cover shall be worked out by according necessary to formulate a fire emergency plan to laid works. laying out in detail the method of alerting and actions to be taken by different personnel of the 13.6 Location of all fighting equipments like premises in case of a fire outbreak, and also the hydrant valve, landing valve, hand appliances procedure for getting outside assistance. 6IS 3594 : 1991 ANNEX A ( Clause 2.1 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 659 : 1964 Safety code for air conditioning 2189 : 1988 Code of practice for selection, ( revised ) installation and maintenance of 660 : 1963 Safety code for mechanical automatic fire detection and refrigeration ( revised ) alarm system ( second revision ) 1641 : 1988 Code of practice for safety of 2190 : 1979 Code of practice for selection, buildings ( general ) : General installation and maintenance of principles of fire grading and portable first-aid fire extinguisher classification (jirr? revision ) ( second revision ) 1642 : 1989 Code of practice for fire safety 3614 Specification for fire check doors: of buildings (general ) : Details ( Part 1) : 1966 Part 1 Plate, metal covered and of consturction (first revision ) rolling type 1646 : 1982 Code of practice for fire safety 9668 : 1980 Code of practice for provision of buildings ( general ): Electrical and maintenance of water installations ( fhr revision ) supplies for fire fighting- Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BE and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and.q,uality certification of goods ,,.a and attending to connected matters in, the country. 8’ i’ Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. NO part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course ofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. CED 36 ( 4535 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31. 331 13 75 Telegrams : hdanaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Ofhces: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 1375 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 86 62 CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C. CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43 “i= Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 6001 I3 41 29 16 Western : Rdanakalaya. E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIR4BATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. PATNA. SRINAGAR. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed at I’rintrade, New Delhi, India
9739.pdf	IS 9739 : 1981 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ( Second Reprint SEPTEMf3ER 1996 ) ( Incorporating Amendment No. 1 ) UDC 621.646.618 : 628.146.618 0 Copyright 1984 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 3 July 1981IS 9739 : 1981 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS Sanitary Appliances and Water Fittings Sectional Committee, BDC 3 Chairman Sa~r V. D. DEEAI 1 Sheetala-Danhan ‘, Flat No. 42,4th Floor, 375 Lady Jamthedji Road, Mahim, Bombay 400016 MImbrrr Representing ADVISER Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Oreanization ( Ministrv of Works & Housine 1 0, SHRZ B. B. RAW ( Alternate ) &RI M. K. BA~U Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute t CSIR 1. Calcutta SHRI K. D. BISWA~ Indian Iron ‘& Steel Co Ltd, Calcutta &RI D. S. CHABHAL Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi &RI T. RAMASUBBAYANIAN ( AlferMtr ) Snn~ S. P. CHAKRABARTY Ccnt~~rk~~ilding Research Institute ( CSIR ), SHRI S. K. SUABHA ( Alteraate ) CHIEZ ENQINEER Public Health Engineering Department, Govern- ment of Kerala, Trivandrum SHRI K. RAMACEANDRAN (Altemata) CHIETENGINEER Tam&ayr;u Water Supply & Drainage Board, CHIEF ENQINEER U. P. Jal Nigam, Lucknow SUPERINTENDINQ EN&NEER ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER ( WATER ) Municipal Corporation of Delhi DRAINAGE ENGINEER ( Alternatr) SHRI L. M. CHOUDEARY Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Haryana, Chandigarh SHRI I. CHANDRA ( Alternate ) ( Continued an burr 2 ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an Infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS:9739-1981 (C ontimud from fiats 1) Mambsrr Rqtrenting CITY ENQINEER Bombay Municipal Corporation HYDRAULIC EN~INEEX ( Ahnate ) SHBI H. N. DALLAS Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay DIRECTOR Bombay Potteries & Tiles Ltd, Bombay SHXI A. M. KEMBHA~I ( Altnnata ) SHRI B. R. N. GUPTA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SXRT K. V. KRISHNAX~URTHY( Alternate ) SHRI S. R. KSHIREAQAR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur SHRI R. C. REDDY ( Altsrnatr ) SHRI K. LAKSHMINARAYANAN Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Vishakhapatnam SHRI A. SHARIFR ( Afternatr ) SHRI E. K. RAMACHANDRAN National Test House, Calcutta SHRI S. K. BANERJEE ( Alternate ) SHRI RANJIT SINGH Railway Board, New Delhi , DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI J. SENGUPTA ( Altcrnats ) SHRI P. JAQANATH R-40 E. I. D. - Parry Ltd, Madras SHRI M. MOOSA SULAIEIAN( Alternntc) SHRI R. K. SOMANY Hindustan Sanitaryware & Industries Ltd, Bahadurgarh SURVEYOR OF WORKS ( NDZ ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SURVEYOR 0~ WORKS 1 ( NDZ ) ( Alternate ) SHRI T. N. UBOVEJA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex.ojicio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secwtaries SHRI K. K. SHARMA Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISf Snn~ S. P. MAQGU Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Domestic and Municipal Water Fittings Subcommittee, BDC 3 : 2 Bombay Municipal Corporation SHKI T. K. SANTOKE ( Aftcrfl& to Hydraulic Engineer ) SHRI Y. R. AQQARWAI, Goverdhan Das P. A., Calcuttzt SHRI J. R. ACJGARW~L( Alfcrsnrc) CHIEF ENGINEER Liangaiorc Water Supply 9c Sewerage Board, Bangalore CHIEF ENGINEER Tarnil Nadu Water Supply & Drainage Board, Madras CHIEF ENQINEER U. P. Jai Nigam, Lucknnw SUPERINTENDINQE NGINEER( Alternate) ( Conrinucdo np ug 11 ) 2IS : 9739 - 1981 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 January 1981, after the draft finalized by the Sanitary Appliances and Water Fittings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 9.2 Normally a fluid, like water, builds up pressure when it is stored at an elevation or is taken from lines which are connected to motivation pumps. In many applications fluids at such high pressure cannot be utilized directly as they may damage other equipment connected to the line. For these reasons pressure reducing valves are installed on the fluid line to reduce and also to evaluate the fluid pressure in the most economical and simple way. This standard has been prepared with a view to providing guidance to the manufacturers and the users as to the requirements of pressure reducing valves of different sizes. 0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall ‘be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down the requirements regarding material, construction and workmanship, performance and marking of pressure reducing valves of different sizes for domestic water supply system suitable for maximum inlet pressure of 1.722 5 MPa. 1.2 The valves covered by this standard are self-contained, direct acting, single seat, diaphgram type. Valves with integral or separate strainers connected to the valve inlet are included. Rules for rounding off numerical value8 ( m&cd ). 3IS I 9739 f 1981 2. NOMINAL SIZES 2.1 The pressure reducing valves shall be of the following nominal sizes: 15 mm ( l/2 ), 20 mm ( 3/4 ), 25 mm ( 1 ), 32 mm ( If ), 40 mm ( l+ ) and 50 mm ( 2 ). NOTE - The figures within the bracket: refer to the sizes and designations of the threaded end as per IS : 554.1975. 2.2 Nominal size of the valve shall be designated by the nominal bore of the pipe to which the valve is fitted. 3. MATERIALS 3.1 The different components of pressure reducing valves shall be made of the materials as given in Table 1. 3.2 Bodies of separate strainers may be of cast iron conforming to Grade FG 200 of IS : 210-19787. 4. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKhiANSHIP 4.1 All castings shall be sound, free from laps, blow holes and other surface defects. 4.2 Body and components shall be so designed as to provide ample resistance to distortion under maximum working pressure. 4.3 The valves shall have screwed female ends threaded to IS : 554-1975 for connection to the pipe line ( see 2.1 ). The ends shall be made hexagonal or of any other suitable design to facilitate wrenching. A typical sketch of pressure reducing valve is shown in Fig. 1. 4.4 The pressure adjusting shall be effected by a diaphragm loaded with a spring. 4.5 The seat may be integral with the body or it may have replaceable ring. 4.6 The design of the valve shall be such that in case of failure of any part of the valve, it shall be capable of maintaining a continuour flow of water to the system. 4.7 All valves shall be so constructed and installed as to permit repair or removal of parts without breaking a pipeline or removing the valve from the pipeline. Dimensions for pipe threads where pressure tight joints are required on the threads ( ruond rrvirion ) . tspecification for grey iron castings ( rhird rvvirivr ). 4IS :9739-1981 TABLE 1 MATERIALS FOR COMPONENTS OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES ( Claurc 3.1 ) SL COiWONENT MATERIAL INDIAN STANDARD No. 9 Body, Disc holder, Bottom Leaded-tin bronze Grade 2 of IS : 3181962. cover, Drain plug, Diaph- ragm retaining disc, Spring discs and Check nut ii) Diaphragm cover and spring Cast iron Grade FG 200 of chamber IS : 210-1978t iii) Body scat ring ( when repla- Chromium steel Grade 12 Cr 13 of ccable ), adjusting screw IS : 1570 ( Part V )- and valve stem 197q iv) Tommy bar Mild steel IS : 226-19758 v) Diaphragm and valve disc Synthetic rubber - vi) Gaskets Ct;;rprred asbes- Grade C of IS :2712: 1979)) vii) Fasteners Steel IS : 1363-19677 viii) Springs Carbon steel IS : 4454 ( Part I )-1975” ix) Strainer screen Stainless steel Designation 04Crl8 Ni 10, 07Cr18 Ni9, lOCrl7 Ni7, or lClCrl7 Mn6 Ni4 N20 of IS : 6911-1972ft Specification for leaded tin bronze ingots and castings ( m&cd ). +Spccification for grey iron castings ( third rruirisn ). SSchedulcs for wrought steels: Part V Stainless and heat-resisting steels (firrf rcvirion ). SSpecification for structural steel ( standard quality ) (fifrh revision ). (:Specification for compressed asbestos fibrc jointings ( Jccond revision ). l/Specification for black hexagon bolts, nuts and lock nuts ( diameter 6 to 39 mm ) and black hexagon screws ( diameter 6 to 24 mm ) (firt revision ). l* Specification for steel wires for cold formed sorings: Part I Patented and cold drawn steel wires - unalloyed (first rcuirion ), ttspccification for stainless steel plate, sheet’and strip. 4.8 Valves shall be so constructed that in normal service they will not chatter, pulsate, hum or be otherwise noisy. 4.9 The screen of the strainer shall have a minimum unobstructed open flow area ( total area of holes ) equal to or greater than twice the nominal pipe flow area. The maximum hole dimension of the screen shall not exceed l/12 of the valve orifice escape diameter. 5IS : 9739 - 1981 AOJUSTING SCREW /CHECK NUT , SPRING CHAMBER PRESSURE ADJUSTING DIAPHRAGM COVER BOLT, BLACK HEX ;AGON Fra. 1 TYPICAL SKETCH OF -A PRESSURER EDUCINQ VALVE 6IS t 9739 - 1981 5. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS 5.1 Hydrostatic Test - When subjected to hydrostatic pressure of 1.722 5 MPa at its inlet and an equal back pressure on the reduced pressure side, there shall be no leakage or distortion of parts that will affect the performance of the valve. 5.2 Reduced Pressure Deviation - The reduced pressure delivered by the reducing valve shall not deviate by more than 0’007 MPa for every 0.07 MPa change in the inlet pressure. 5.3 Minimum Reduced Pressure - When water flows through a pressure reducing valve at the rate given in Table 2, with the inlet pressure being maintained at l-722 5 MPa the valve shall be capable of adjustment to a reduced pressure as low as 0.1722 5 MPa. TABLE 2 CAPACITIES OF PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES NOMINAL SIzz( mm) 15 20 25 32 40 50 ’ FLOW ( l/s ) 0.63 l-05 1’58 2.65 3.46 4’89 5.4 Reduced Pressure Adjustment Range - The reducing valve shall be provided with a reduced pressure adjustment range of not less than 0.172 25 MPa. 5.5 Capacity - The reducing valve shall have a minimum capacity as shown in Table 2 when maintaining a reduced pressure of 0.117 1 MPa less than its no-flow set pressure and the inlet pressure maintained at 0’344 5 MPa higher than the reduced point pressure. 6. TEST PROCEDURES 6.1 Hydrostatic Test 6.1.1 Turn the adjusfing screw to remove all adjusting spring com- pression and install as in Fig. 2 with both globe valves No. 1 and 2 open, open the supply valve filling the system and purge it of air. Close valves No. 1 and 2, and raise the supply pressure to 1.722 5 MPa indicat- ed by the Gauge No. 1. Observe and record pressure indicated by Gauge No. 2 which indicates the reduced pressure delivered by the reducing valve. Hold inlet pressure at l-722 5 MPa for not less than five minutes. A continued rise in pressure indicated by Gauge No. 2 would indicate internal leakage or distortion of internal parts. 6.1.2 Open valve No. 1 allowing pressure on the reduced pressure side of the reducing valve to equalise at 1’722 5 MPa and hold for not less than five minutes. Observe for leaks or distortion of parts. 7IS : 9739 1981 l OLOBE VALVE Na 2 PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE PRESSURE PUMP FIG. 2 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR HYDROSTATIC TEST 6.2 Test for Reduced Pressure Deviation 6.2.1 With the reducing valve installed as in Fig. 3, maintain Cl.7 MPa inlet pressure. With valve No. 3 opened, the throttling valve No. 4 closed, and orifice valve No. 5 open bleeding through a 1.6 mm orifice, adjust the reducing valve to deliver a reduced pressure of 0’35 MPa indicated by Gauge No. 4. Increase the inlet pressure to 1’05 MPa and record the reduced pressure. Then lower the inlet pressure to 0.35 ivlPa and record the reduced pressure. The total reduced pressure deviation shall not exceed 0.07 MPa. 6.3 Test for Minimum Reduced Pressure 6.3.1 With the reducing valve installed as in Fig. 3, control the inlet pressure to I.722 5 MPa and with the downstream valves No, 4 and 5 closed, open the throttling valve No. 6 slowly until the rate of flow conforms to that given in Table 2 f-r the size of valve on test, conti- nuously adjusting the reducing valve to maintain a 0.1722 5 MPa reduced pressure and readjusting the throttling valve as necessary to maintain the required flow rate. 6.3.2 If the inlet pressure cannot be maintained at 1’722 5 MPa during the specified rate of flow, the reduced pressure may be adjusted to 0.007 MPa less than O-172 25 MPa for every 0.07 MPa inlet pressure fall below 1.722 5 MPa. 8IS:9739 ll Wl FLOW-METER OR MEASURING TANK GAUGE No 3 GAUGE No. 4 REDUCING VALVE ACCUMULATOR VALVE No. 5 (CAPABLE 0F MAINTAINING -0-41 0.62.TO 0.7 MPa WITH A GAUGE No. 5 MINIMUM FLOW OF 6.31 I/s) ORIFICF VALVE Na 6 Fxo. 3 TYPICAL PRESSURE REDUCINO VALVE TBSTIN~ SET-UP 6.4 Test for Reduced Pressure Adjustment Range 6.4.1 With the reducing valve installed as in Fig. 3, maintain an inlet pressure of O-7 MPa; close all downstream valves except valve No. 5 to the l-6 mm orifice. The reduced pressure adjustment range shall meet the requirements given in 5.4. 6.5 Capacity Test 6.5.1 Install the reducing valve in the system as shown in Fig. 3. fi;Eeall downstream valves except valve No_. 5 in the line to the 1’6 mm Open valve No. 3 and regulate the uutlal pressure to a suitable press&e indicated by Gauge No. 3 which shall be maintained through- out the test. Adjust the reducing valve to maintain a set pressure of 0.227 4 MPa less than the initial pressure. Close valve No. 5 and slowly open the throttling valve No. 4 until the reduced pressure Gauge No. 4 is 0,117 I MPa less than the set pressure and record the rate of flow through the reducing valve. 7. INSTRUCTIONS 7.1 Every pressure reducing valve shall be accompanied with instructions for installation, adjustment and maintenance. 9IS : 9739- 1981 8. MARKING 8.1 Every pressure reducing valve shall be permanently marked with the mxmfacturcr’s name or trade mark and nominal size. 8.1.1 Each pressure reducing valve may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. NOTE-The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licencc for the use of the ISI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturera or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 10IS : 9739- 1981 ( Continutd from Pa#a 2 ) Members Raprrrmnting CEIEP BNQ~~VEER( WATER ) Delhi Municipal Corporation SHRI S. A. SWAMY( Altarnatr ) DIREOTOR Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik RESEARCH OFFICER ( Altrrnats I SHRI B. R. N. &PTA ‘Engineer-in-Chief 3 Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SFIRI K. V. KRI~HNAMU: :HY ( Ahrnats ) SHRI M. K. JAIX Hind Trading & Manufacturing Co, Delhi SHRI K. K. JAIN ( Alfrrnafr ) SHRI S. R. KBHIREAQAR National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur SHRI B. V. S. GURUNATHRAO ( Altrrnatr ) SHRI G. A. LUHAR Bombay Metal 8. Alloys Mfg Co Pvt Ltd. Bombay SHRI K. RAXAOHANDRAN Public Health Engineering Dapartment, Government , of Kerala. Trivandrum SHRI RANJIT SIN~H Railway Board, New Delhi SHRI K. K. SEHGAL . Leader Engineering Works, Jullundur City SHRI 0. P. WADHWA ( Altsrnau ) SHRI R. K. SOMANY Hindustan Sanitaryware Industries Ltd, Bahadurgarh SHRI V. S. BHATT ( Alternate ) ,I SHRI T. N. UBOV~JA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi 11BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Hedquartenx Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 8375,323 9402 Fax : 91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory: Telephone Plot No. 201‘9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 6770032 Regtonal OftYces: Central : ManakB havan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17 ‘Eastern : 1114 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 337 66 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603643 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 23523 15 f%.stern : Manakafaya, E9, Behind Mar01 Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 632 92 95 MUMBAI 490093 BmnchOtYkes: ‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed,Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 360001 5501346 $f%enya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangaiore-Tumkur Road, 639 49 55 BANGALORE 560066 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, TT Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 554021 Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 403627 Kaiaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 2101 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 6-26 66 01 Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 6-71 1996 53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 761003 541137 5-6-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Narnpafty Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 201063 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 372925 117/416 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 206005 216676 Seth Bhavan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 69 23 LUCKNOW 226001 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 600013 262305 TC. No. 140421, University PO. Patayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 6 21 17 Inspect/on Off/ces (with Sale Point): Pushpanjali, 1st Floor, 205-A, West Hi@ Court Road, Shankar Nagar Square, 52 51 71 NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Shiiaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 323635 *Sates Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, PO. Princep Street, 27 10 65 CALCUTTA 700072 wales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 3096526 $Safes Offfce is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Buiiding, Narashimaraja Square, 2223971 BANGALORE 660002 Prlnted at New lndla Printing Press, Khurfe, IndiaAMENDMENT N(). 2 MARCH 1990 IS : 9739 - 1981 SPEClFIiTION FOR PRESSURE REDUCING VALVES FOR DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS ( Page 9, Fig. 3 ) - Substitute the figure given on page 2 for the existing figare. (Page 9, clause 6.51, IiKe 6 ) - Substitute ‘9’227 4 MPa’ for ‘0’221 4 IMPa’.
513.pdf	Indian Standard COLDROLLEDLOWCARBONSTEELSHEETS AND STRIPS-SPECIFICATION (F ourth Revision) Third Reprint FEBRUARY 199s UDC 669’14’415-122’2 @ BIS 1994 BUR.EAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 March 1994 Price Group 4Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee, MTD 4 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Fourth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This standard was first published in 1954 and subsequently revised in 1963, 1973 and 1986. While reviewing the standard in the light of experience gained during these years, the committee decided to revise it toalign with the present practices being followed by the Indian Industry. In this revision the following changes have been made: i) Mechanical and bend test requirements have been modified, ii) Dimensions and dimensional tolerances have been modified, and iii) Test for stabilization has been included. While considering the revision a proposal came up for discussion to incorporate the values for the plastic anisotropy ( t > and for strain hardening exponent ( n ) for guidance, as an additional useful parameters for the assessment of the utilization properties. However, the committee was. of the opinion that sufficient proof of evidence,and experience to confirm the reliability of the r and n values as parameters for certain utilization spheres of the product is still lacking. The. inclusion of such a recommendation in the standard has, therefore, been deferred. Steel sheets and strips conforming to this standard are of weldable quality and are suitable both for fusion welding and resistance welding. Cold roped steel sheets and strips are available in a variety of types and finishes. In order to assist the manufacturers, it is recommended to the purchaser to indicate on the enquiry or order the purpose for which the material is to be used. A drawing of the part in question would be useful. In cases where the manufacturer guarantees that the ‘steel sheets or strips are suitable to make a particular part or for a given purpose’, the steel should not be subject to rejection if there are minor variations from the specified chemical composition and/or mechanical properties for that steel. In such cases the purchaser when ordering the steel shall add the words ‘suitable for making the part’. If mutually agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser, material may be supplied only on a guarantee of performance, in which case the rejection rate during processing and attributable to the quality of the material shall not exceed a mutually agreed limit. In the formulation of this standard assistance has been derived from BS 1449 ( Part 1 ) : 1983 ‘Steel plate, sheet and strip; Part 1 Specification for carbon and carbon-manganese plate, sheet and strip’, issued by the British Standards Institution and DIN 1623 ( Part 1 ) ‘Steel flat products, cold rolled steel sheet and strip, technical delivery conditions, mild unalloyed steels for cold forming’, issued by DIN, Germany. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the- tinal value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant pli;ces retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the. specified value in this standard.IS 513 : 1994 Indian Standard COLDROLLED LOWCARBON STEELSHEETS AND STRIPS- SPECIFICATION (F ourth Revision ) ‘1 SCOPE 4 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL This standard covers the requirements of cold 4.1 General requirements relating to the supply rolled low carbon steel sheets and strips for of cold rolled low carbon steel sheets and strips bending and drawing purpose and where the shall conform to IS 8310 : 1978. surface is of prime importance. It covers sheets and strips up to 4 mm thick both in coil form 4.2 Sheets and strips may be supplied either and cut lengths. with mill or trimmed edges. 2 REFERENCES 4.3 Sheets and strips of 0 grade may be supplied in any of the following tempers. Sheets and The Indian Standards listed below are necessary strips of D, DD, EDD grade shall be supplied in adjuncts to this standard: annealed and skin passed condition: IS No. Title 228 : Method for chemical analysis Temper Temper Processing Designation of steel ( second revision ) H Hard Produced by heavy 1501 Method for vickers hardness cold rolling ,( Part 1) : 1984 test for metallic material : Part 1 HV 5 to HV 100 ( second I /2H Half hard Produced by cold revision ) rolling followed by 1586 : 1988 Methods for rockwell hard- 1/4H Quarter annealing and further ness test for steel ( first hard cold rolling to give strip of intermediate revision ) hardness [ 1599 : 1985 Method for bend test ( second revision ) SP Skin passed Produced by light cold rolling after annealing 1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel products ( first revision ) A Annealed Produced by a final annealing process 1663: 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel sheet and strip of thick- 4.3.1 For specific applications, sheets and strips ness 0’5 mm to 3 mm ( jirsr may also be supplied in any other temper sub- revision ) ject to agreement between the supplier and the 5072 : 1988 Method for rockwell super- purchaser. ficial hardness test 4.4 Noo-ageing Characteristics 8910 : 1978 General technical delivery requirements for steel and 4.4.1 The manufacturer shall guarantee the steel products absence of stretcher strains on being cold worked in the case of non-ageing quality D and 10175 : 1982 Modified erichson cupping DD grade material for a period of 6 months test for metallic sheet and from the date of despatch. strip 4.4.2 EDD grade sheets and strips shall be 3 CLASSIFICATION OF GRADES supplied only in non-ageing quality with a non- ageing guarantee for 6 months from the date of Sheets 2nd strips shall be classified in the follow- despatch. ing grades: O- Ordinary quality, 4.4.3 A stability test as per Annex A may be carried out to assess the non-ageing charac- D- Drawing quality, teristics of skin passed stabilized steels with DD - Deep drawing quality, an& mutual agreement between the manufacturer and EDD - Extra deep drawing quality. thl purchaser. 1IS 513 : 1994 4.4.3.1 The steel shall be considered stabilized Table 2 Permissible Variation for Product if the percentage increase in load does not exceed Analysis 6 when tested as per Annex A. ( CJause 6.2 ) 5 MANUFACTURE Constituent Variation Over Specified 5.1 The method of manufacture of the steel for Limit. Percent, MUX sheets and strips shall be left at the discretion of Carbon 0.02 the manufacturer. Manganese: 0.03 5.2 Sheets and strips shall be supplied rimmed, Sulphur 0.005 semi-killed or killed as agreed between the purchaser and the manufacturer. However, EDD Phosphorus 0.0011 grade shall be supplSed only in fully aluminium NOTE - Product analysis shall not be applicable killed, or in a fully stabilized condition. to rimming steel. 6 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 7 MECHANICAL AND PHYSICAL 6.1 Ladle Analysis PROPERTIES The ladle analysis of steel, when carried out either by the methods specified in relevant part 7.1 Tensile Test of IS 228 or any other established instrumental/ chemical method, shall be as given in Table 1. 7.1.1 Tensile test shall be carried out only if In case of any dispute, the procedure given in specified by the purchaser. relevant parts of IS 228 shall be the referee method. 7.1.2 When specified, the tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with IS 1663 : 1972 or 6.2 Product Analysis IS 1608 : 19’12 as applicable, and the values of Permissible variation in the case of product tensile strength, yield stress and percentage analysis from the limits specified in Table 1 shall elongation shall conform to the requirements specified in Table 3. be as given in Table 2. Table 1 Chemical Composition Table 3 Mechanical Properties at Room Temperature in as Delivered Conditiarr Grade Constituent, Percent, MU c----- ~-h-_-_ __--.., for Annealed/Skin Passed Sheets Carbon Manganese Sulohor Phosphorus and Strips ( Cut Lengths and Coils ) (1) (2) 0) (4 (3, ( C’huses 7.1.2 and 7.3 ) Ordinary (0) 0’15 0.60 0.055 0.055 Drawing(D) 0.12 0.50 0’040 Q-‘i40 Grade Tensile Yield Elongation Hardness Deep drawing 0.10 0.45 0.035 0.035 Strength Stress Percent on (Max) (DD) MPa MPa, Gauge Extra deep 0’08 0’40 0.030 0.030 Max Length ?&BHR’ drawing ( 30-r ) ( ED? 1 5.tiMF NOTES i 1 Restricted chemistry for EDD grade may be (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) mutually agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. y;.ljnary - - - See Table 4 2 When the steel is killed by aluminium alooe. the total aluminium content should not be less than Drawing 270-410 280 23 65 60 0.02 percent when steel is silicon killed, the (D) silicon content shall not be less than 0.1 percent. When the steel is aluminium-silicon killed, the Deep 270-370 250 26 57 55 silicon content shall not be less than 0.03 percent drawing and total aluminium content shall not be less than (DD) 0.01 percent. Extra deep 270-350 220 32 50 50 3 The nitrogen content of the steel shall not be more drawing than 0.007 percent. For aluminium killed or (EDD) aluminium silicon killed, the nitrogen content shall NOTES not exceed O-012 percent. This shall be ensured by the manufacturer by occasional check analysis. 1 1 MPa = 1 N/mm% = 1 MN/me E 0.102 0 kgf/, mmp. 4 The material may be supplied in the copper bear- ing quality in which casethe copper shall be between 2 Equivalent vickers hardness values are allowed 0.20 and 0 35 percent on ladle analysis. Tn case of on agreement between the interested parties at the product analysis, the copper content shall be bet- time of ordering. The hardness of sheet thinner ween 0.17 and 0.38 percent. than 0.6 mm shall be measured exclusively in comp- liance with the HR30T scale. 5 The steel can be made with micro-alloying elements like niobium, vanadium, titanium and boron either individually or in combination, on 7.1.3 Tensile test values apply to transverse mutual agreement, in which case the total micro- specimctn in case of sheets/strips. St-ips having alloying elements should not exceed 0.2 percent in ladle analysis. However, in case of boron, the a width of 250 mm and below shall be tested, limit shall be 0.006 percent. longitudinally. 2IS 513 : 1994 7.1.4 The yield strength values apply to the 0’2 NOTE - The shape of the cup fracture may be as percent of proof stress if the yield strength is mutually agreed between the purchaser and the supplier. not clearly distinctive, otherwise the values apply to lower yield strength. 7.3 Hardness Test 7.2 Copping Test Cold rolled sheets and strips shall conform to 7.2.1 Cupping test shall be applicable only for the hardness requirements specified in Tables 3 sheets, strips and coils of D, and DD and EDD and 4, when tested in accordance with IS 5072 : grades having thickness from 0’5 mm up to 2’00 1988, IS 1586 : 1988 and IS 1501 ( Part 1 ) : mm. 1987 as applicable. However, by way of depar- ture from these standards, a visible deformation 7.2.2 Cupping test shall be carried out in on the back side of the specimen is permitted. accordance, with IS 10175 : 1982, and the The values determined in this way shall be minimum Erichson cupping test values shall be identified by using symbols HRBm and HR30Tm, as given in Fig. 1. so as to differentiate these from the hardness O-5 I-0 l-5 2-o NOMINAL THICKNESS OF SHEET IN mm ___c FIG. 1 MINIMUM ERICHSON VALUES 3IS 513 : 1994 values determined on thicker products ( which Table 5B Bend T’est for Sheets/Strips of are not allowed to exhibit a visible deformation ‘0’ Grade on the back side of the specimen ). ( Cfuuse 7.4.2 ) Table 4 Hardness of Different Tempers at Temper Angle of Bend Internal Diameter Room Temperature for ‘0’ Grade of Bend ( Clause 7.3 ) (1) (2) (3) Hard (HI - Temper Hardness HRB Half hard ( 1/2H ) 180” 3t --- h--, Quarter hard ( 1/4H ) 180” 2t Min Max (1) (2) (3) Skin passed ( SP ) 180” t Hard (HI 85 - Annealed (A) 180” t ( dead soft ) Half hard (1/2H) 75 85 Where t is the thickneds of test piece. Quarter hard ( l/4 H ) 60 75 Skin passed (SP) - 70 8 SURFACE FINISH Annealed (A) - 60 ( dead soft ) 8.1 Surface Finish NOTES 1 For tempers other than those mentioned in this Sheet and strips shall be supplied in any one of Table, the values shall be as agreed between the the following surface finishes: contracting parties. a> 2 Equivalent vickers hardness values are allowed Bright - Produced on rolls having a on agreement between the interested parties at the moderately high finish. It is suitable for time of ordering. The hardners of sheet thinner most requirements, but not generally for than 0.6 mm shall be measured exclusively in electroplating. compliance with the HR30T scale. b) Mdt - Produced on specially roughened rolls which makes it suitable for deep 7.4 Bend Test drawing. 7.4.1 Bend test shall be carried out in accordance 4 Rough - Suitable for enamelling and with IS 1599 : 1985. lacquering. 7.4.2 The angle of bend and the internal dia- 8.1.1 The strips may also be supplied in any one meter of the bend for the different grades of of the following surface finishes: material shall he as given in Tables SA and SB. The axis of the bend shall be in the direction of a) Plating -- Produced in certain thinner rolling. The test pieces shall be deemed to have sizes by using specially prepared rolls and passed the test if the outer convex surface is selected raw materials to give a surface free from cracks. essentially free from defects. Such strips- require less preparation before electroplat- 7.5 Retest ing than those with a commercially bright finish. Should any of the test pieces first selected fail to pass any of the test specified in 7.1 to 7.4 two b) Mirror - Produced for plating finish, but further samples shall be selected from the same with a higher lustre and reflectivitiy. lot for testing in respect of each failure. If any 4 Dark Annealed - Bluish-grey tempering of the two additional samples fail to meet the colours and adherent layers of scales are requirement, the material represented by the permissible. test sample shall be deemed as not conforming to this standard. d) Blue - Air tempered at a lower tempera- ture than dark annealed to give a light Table 5A Bend Test for Sheets/Strips in blue oxide coating without any adherent Cut Leogtbs and Coils in Annealed and layer of scale. Skin Pass Condition ( Clause 7.4.2 ) 8.2 Surface Types Steel Grade Angle of Bend Internal Diameter of Bend Cold rolled sheets and strips may be supplied in (1) (2) (3) any one of the following surface types: 0 180’ t a) Scale Free - Pores, roll marks, and scrat- D 180” Close ches are permitted. DD 180” Close b) Improved Surface - Pores, roll marks, and. EDD 180” Close scratches are permitted on small scale Where t is the thickness of test piece. only. 4IS 513 : 1994 cl Best Surface - Having pores, roll marks or 10 DIMENSIONS AND DIMENSIONAL scratches which do not impair the uniform TOLERANCES appearance of the finished product. This surface is ideal for spray painting and 10.1U nless otherwise agreed to between the cnamelling. manufacturer and the purchaser, standard dimensions of cold rolled sheets and strips shall 9 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS be as given below: 9.1 The finished sheets and strips shall be free Thickness mm = 0’18, 0’20, 0’22, 0’25, 0’28, from harmful defects, such as scale, rust, blisters, 0’30,@‘32,0’35,0’40,0’45,0’50, lamination, pitting, porosity, cracked or torn 0’55, 0’63, 0’80, 0’90, 1.00, edges or any other defects which are harmful to 1‘20, 1’25, 1’40, l-50, 1’60, the intended use. 1’80, 2’00 9.2 The degree or amount of surface defects in a coil may be expected to be more than in cut The following are the preferred thicknesses for lengths because of the impossibility of rejecting sheets above 2‘00 mm: portions of a coil. This shall be taken into 2’50, 2’65, 3’00, 3.25, 3’50 and 4’00 account by the purchaser in his assessment of the material. An excessive amount of defects may be cause for rejection. 10.2 Dimensional tolerances applicable to cold rolled sheets and strips shall be as given in 9.3 The sheets shall be reasonably flat and edges Tables 6 to 16. Special tolerances required on cleanly sheared and squared to the specified thickness and flatness may be mutually agreed to dimensions. between the purchaser and the manufacturer. Table 6 Tolerances on Thickness of Sheets for Di5erent Width Values All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Thickness Tolerances on Thickness for Different Widths C---p------- ____---_--___~ up to 1 250 Above 1 250 Above 1 600 Up to 1 600 (1) (2) (3) (4) - up to 0.25 f 0.03 - Above 0.25 up to 0.40 f 0.04 - Above W40 up to 0.60 f 0.0.5 f.06 Above 0.60 up to 0’80 f O-06 f 0.07 GO8 Above 0.80 up to I.00 f 0.08 f 0.09 * O-10 AAbboovvee 11.’0205 uupp ttoo 1I..6205 ff 00.’0191 f 00..1102 : “0% Above 1.60 up to 2.00 f 0.12 f 0.14 ‘\ & 0.16 Above 2’00 up 10 2.50 It 0.14 & 0.16 f 0’18 Above 2.50 up to 3.15 Jc 0.16 f 0.18 f 0.20 Above 3.15 f 0’19 f 0.20 - ,J Table 7 Tolerancewon Thickness of Strips for Different Width Values ( Cfause 10.2 ) All dimensions in miilimelres. Nominal Tolerances on Thickness for Different Widths Thickness p------------------- --_---_--_--__-_--~ UR& Above 80 Above 125 Above 250 Above 450 Above 680 up to 12s Up to 250 up to 450 Up to 680 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) up to 0.10 f 0.01 f 0.01 Refer Table 6 Above 0.10 up to 0.16 f 0.02 f 0.02 f03 fO.03 zI.03 Above @16 up to 0.20 * 0.02 f 0.02 -+ 0.03 f 0.03 -+ 0.03 Above 0.20 up to 025 f 0.03 f 0.03 f 0.03 f 0 03 I 0.03 Above 0.25 up to O-32 * 0.03 r “0::: f 0.04 & 0.04 * 0.04 Above 0.32 up to 0.40 f 0.03 f 0.04 i 0.04 * 0 04 Above 0.40 up t0 0.50 -+ 0.03 * 0.04 f 0.04 f 0 05 _L 0.05 Above 0.50 up to 0.63 * O-04 rt 0.04 f 0.05 f 0.05 * 0.0s Above 0.63 up to 0’80 * 0.04 f 0.05 f 0.05 f 0.05 _c 0.05 Above 0.80 up to 0.90 f 0.05 f 0.05 * 0.06 i 0.06 Above WQOu p to 1.00 * 0.05 $00.:; * 0.05 l 0.06 - 0.06 _ Above I00 up to 1.25 f 0.05 f Or06 f 0.06 0.07 i 0.07 Above 1.25 up to 1’60 f 0.05 f 0.06 f 0.06 f 0.08 j, 0.08 Above 1.60 up to I.80 * 0.05 f 0.06 + 0.07 * 0.08 f 0.09 Above 1.80 up to 2.00 f 0.06 f 0.06 f 0.08 f 0.09 * 0x9 Above 200 up to 2.50 f 0.06 rt 0.08 rt 0.08 f 0.09 i 0.11 Above 2.50 up to 4.00 fO.06 f 0.08 f 0.08 * 0.09 & 3.11 5is 513 : 1994 Table 8 Tolerance on Width of Sheets ( Clause 10.2 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Width of Sheets Tolerance UP to 1 250 + 7 10 Above 1 250 + 10 - 0 NOTE - In case of coils with mill edges, the variation in width shall not be more than + 30 mm. -0 Table 9 Tolerance on Width of Strip with Slit Edges ( Clause 10.2 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Thickness Tolerances on Nominal Width ~_~-----_----_~_~ Up to 160 Above 160 Above 250 AboFez up to 250 up to 400 Up to 600 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Up to 0.60 f 0.15 f o-25 f 0.30 Above 0.60 up to 1.00 & 0.20 $ ;;; f 0.25 f 0.30 Above I.00 up to 1.60 + 0.20 * 0.30 f 0.30 f 0’40 Above 1.60 uo to 2.50 -1.0.35 f 0.40 * 0’50 Above 2.50 up to 4.00 f 0.40 f 0.45 f 0.50 Table 10 Tolerance on Width of Strips with Mill Edges ( CkJUJC1 0.2 ) All dimensions in millimetrcs. - Width Tolerance r---------- h-----_--_~ r------ A_-__--__y Above up to 75 PIUS Minus 75 llos 1.6 ;2 ?O 150 250 3-2 250 355 4.0 ;:“4 355 600 4.0 3.2 Table 11 Tolerance on Length of Sheets and Strips ( Cut Length ) ( Clause 10.2 ) Length Tolerance Up to 2 000 mm +-;5mm Above 2 000 mm + 0.75 percent of length -n Table 12 Camber Tolerance for Coils and Cut Length not Resquared ( Clause 10.2 ) Form Camber Tolerance Coil 20 mm in any 5 000 mm length Cut lengths 0.4 Percent x length SIDE EDGE -CAMBER ( CONCAVE SIDE ) I I NOTE - Camber is the greatest deviation of a sidr edge from a straight line, the mncasurement being taken on the concave side with a rtraight line. 6IS 513 : 1994 Table 13 Maximum Edge Camber for Hot Rolled and Cold Rolled Material Produced on Narrow Mills : Mill Edge and Sheared Edge Material ( CIlzusc 10.2 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Widtb Nomiaal Thickness Max. Edge _--__-- --- ---_-_--~ Camber in over Up to and Over Up to and Aoy 2 000 Including mm Length (1) (2) (3) _ ___. lncl%ing (5) - 13 - 25 z: 2” 2 :: So 2% 2 6.5 250 z 2:x < IF5 250 % 1 - 13 Table 14 Oat-of-Square Tolerance for Cut Lengths not Resqoared ( CJmse 10.2 ) Dimensions gut-of-Sqaare Tolerance All thicknesses and all sizes 1.0 percent x width NOTE - Out-of-square is tbe greatest deviation on an edge from a straight line at tight ;mgjes to a side and touching one. corner. the measurement being taken as shown above. It can alsob e measured as one-half :he difference between the diagonals of cut length abeet. Table 15 Standard Fiataess Tolerances for Cat Lengas ( CJmsc 10.2 ) All dimebsions in millimetres. Thickness Tolerances on Specified Width y----.--- L -- ------7 uptoi 200 Above 1 200 Above 15OO Upto 1500 (1) _-AL.___ (3) (4) - A”9,: :.:; up to 1’25 :I 18 ----- .-_-__2_2_ ._^ I5 Above 1.25 10 12 :; MAXIMUM DEVIATION FROM NOTE - Maximum deviation from flatness is the maximum distance between the lower surface of the sbcet and flat horizontal surface on which the sheet is made to rest with its own weight. F_ Table 16 Special Flatnees Tolerances for Cot Lengtbs Roller Levelled and Stretch Lerelled ( Clause 10.2 ) All dimensions in millimetres. ____ ~_.____ .-.. Tkiekness Toleraace oa Specified Width c-_-~__-- - __ _-___ ------___A___, (1) “% 2oo Above 1 200 Above 1 500 _I_-- I_-- P (3) --__I- ._.. .. ._(4_)_ ___ Up to 0’63 Above 0.63 to 1.25 : 8 Above I.25 up : 7 4 5 6QS 513 : 1991 11 SAMPLING FOR TESTS 4 Produot dimensions, 4 Cast or identification mark by which the 11.1 One representative sample from a coil or a sheet or strip may be traced to cast or lot of sheets shall be taken for tensile testing. A casts from which they were made, lot consists of 50 tonnes or less of sheets or strips of the same quality rolled to the same 4 Mass/Net weight, and thickness and condition. If tbe lot consists of more than one heat, samples from each heat f) Date of dispatch. shall be tested. 12.1.2 The material may also be marked with 11.2 For cupping, hardness and bend tests, one the Standard Mark. sample from each lot of 5 tonnes of the same 12.2 Packing heat or part thereof or one sample from each coil shall be taken. 12.2.1 Each sheet shall be treated on both 11.2.1 The specimens shall not undergo any sides with non-hardening type rust preventive oil, which can be easily washed with aqueous treatment on either surface before testing. In the case of coils, samples shall be taken from the alkali solution. beginning or end of the coil. 12.2.2 Sheets and strips shall preferably be 12 DELIVERY supplied in bundles or packages not weighing more than 3 tonnes or as agreed to between the 12.1 Marking purchaser and the manufacturer. 12.1.1 The following shall be legibly marked on 12.2.3 Sheets and strips shall be securely packed the top of each bundle of package of sheets or in waterproof material, and covered all over shown on a tag attached to each coil. with steel envelope and securely tied round with steel straps and preferably with wooden battens a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, underneath to prevent the sheets from rusting b) Quality designation, and damage during transit. ANNEX A ( Clause 4.43 ) STABILITY TEST A-l A tensile test piece shall be subjected to a percent, calculated on the original ( unstrained ) total strain of 10 percent and the load (PI ) gauge length, and the load ( P2 ) noted. required to produce this strain shall be noted. The test piece shall then be subjected to an The steel shall be considered stabilized, if the accelerated ageing treatment by heating at a P, - PI nominal temperature of 100°C for 30 min. The percentage increase in load = x 100, PI test piece shall thereafter again be strained to 10 does not exceed 6.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Stundardr Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sixes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments_ Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. MTD 4 ( 3686 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 323 01 31,323 33 75,323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17,323 38 41 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : l/l 4 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,337 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 9120 Northern : SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 { 60 20 25 Southern : CIT. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 1 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MlJMBAI 400093 { 832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed by ReprographyU nit, BIS, New DelhiAMENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 1997 TO IS 513 : 1994 COLD ROLLED LOW CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS - SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision) ( Page 1, clause 2 ): a) Substitute ‘1608 : 1995 Mechanical testing of metals -Tensile testing ( second revision )’ for ‘1608 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel products (first revision )‘. b) Delete ‘1663 : 1972 Method for tensile testing of steel sheet and strip of thickness 0.5 mm to 3 mm (firsr revision )‘. ( Page 2, ckzrtse 7.1.2, lines 2 and 3 ) - Substitute ‘IS 1608 : 1995’ for ‘IS 1663 : lY72 or IS 1608 : 1972 as applicable’. ( Pqe 2, 7’11lh 3, col/t ) - SuMitute the li~llowi~~g for the cxistiag co1un111 hcadieg: ‘Hcnagation Pcrccat on Gauge Length 80 mm and Width u) mm, &fin (4) - 2R 32 36’ (MTD4) Kcprogrsphy IJnit, HIS, New Delhi. IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 2 NOVEMBER 2002 TO IS 513:1994 COLD ROLLED LOW CARBON STEEL SHEETS AND STRIPS — SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision ) ( Foreword) —Insert thefollowing before lastpara: ‘Forallthetests specified inthisstandard (chemical/physical/others), themethod as specified in relevant ISO standard may also be followed as an alternate method.’ (MTD4) Reprography Unit, 91S, New Delhi, India
228_16.pdf	IS228(Part18):1992 Indian Standard METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS PART 16 DETERMINATION OF TUNGSTEN BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD ( FOR TUNGSTEN 0’1 TO 2 PERCENT) (Second Revision ) First Reprint SEPTEMBER 1996 UDC 669.14 : 543.42 [ 546.78 ] BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH,. ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 September 1992 Price Group 1Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous Metals Sectional Committee, MTD 2 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Part 16 ) ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Methods of Chemical Analysis of Ferrous IMetals Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. IS 228, which was first published in 1952 and subsequently revised in 1959, covered the chemical analysis of plain carbon and low alloy steels, alongwith pig iron and cast iron. It was revised again to make it comprehensive in respect of steel analysis and to exclude pig iron and cast iron which were being covered in separate standards. During its second revision the standard has been split up in severa parts. This part covers the method for determination of tungsten. The other parts of this series are: IS 228 Methods for chemical analysis of steels: Part 1 Determination of carbon by volumetric method ( for carbon O-05 to 2.50 percent ) Part 2 Determination of manganese in plain carbon and low alloy steels by arsenite method Part 3 Determination of phosphorus ‘y alkalimetric method P Part 4 Determination of total carbon by gravimetric method ( for carbon > 0.1 percent ) Part 5 Determination of nickel by dimethyl glyoxime ( gravimetric ) method ( for nickel ) O-1 percent ) Part 6 Determination of chromium by persulphate oxidation method ( for chromium > O-1 percent ) Part 7 Determination of molybdenum by a-benzoinoxime method ( for molybdenum > O-1 percent ) Part 8 Determination of silicon by the gravimetric method ( for silicon > O-1 percent ) Part 9 Determination of sulphur in plain carbon steels by evolution method Part 10 Determination of molybdenum by thiocyanate ( photometric ) method in low and high alloy steels ( for molybdenum up to 0.1 percent ) Part 11 Determination of silicon by photometric method in carbon steels and low alloy steels (for silicon 0.01 to O-05 percent ) Part 12 Determination of manganese by periodate spectrophotometric method in low and high alloy steels ( for manganese 0.01 to 2.0 percent ) Part 13 Determination of arsenic Part 14 Determination of carbon by thermal conductivity method (for carbon O-005 to 2.000 percent ) Part 15 Determination of copper by thiosulphate iodide method ( for copper O-05 to 5 percent ) In this revision the spectrophotometric method for determination of tungsten in steel has been prescribed. The reproducibility of the method has been given on the basis of interlaboratory testing. In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value observed or calculated is to be rounded off it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 196C ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rivised )‘.XS228’(Part16):1992 Indian Standard METHODS FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF STEELS PART 16 DETERMINATION OF TUNGSTEN BY SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD ( FOR TUNGSTEN O-1 TO 2 PERCENT) ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE 5.2.2 Nitric Acid, rd = 1.42 ( conforming to IS 264 : 1976 ). This standard ( Part 16 ) describes the spectro- photometric method for determination of 5.2.3 Sodium Hydroxide Solution, 16 and 30 tungsten in the range 0.1 to 2 percent in alloy percent ( m/v ). steels. 5.2.4 Hydrochloric Acid, rd = l-16 ( conform- 2 REFERENCES ing to IS 266 : 1987 ). The following Indian Standards are necessary 5.2.5 Potassium Thiocynate Solution, 50 percent adjuncts to this standard. ( m/v ). IS No. Title 5.2.6 Stannous Chloride Solution 264 : 1976 Nitric acid ( second revision ) Dissolve 36 g of stannous chloride in 20 ml 265 : 1987 Hydrochloric acid ( third of dilute hydrochloric acid ( 1 : 1 ) and dilute revision ) to 100 ml. Prepare fresh as and when required. 1070 : 1992 Reagent grade water - Speci- 5.2.7 Titanium Trichloride Solution, 15 percent fication ( third revision ) ( m/v ). 3 SAMPLING Take 15.0 g of titanium metal, add 80 ml of hydrochloric acid and reflux. Finally make up The sample shall be drawn and prepared as to 100 ml with hydrochloric acid. prescribed in the relevant Indian Standard. 5.2.8 Standard Tungsten Solution ( 1 ml = O-10 4 QUALITY OF REAGENTS mg) Unless specified otherwise, analytical grade Dissolve 0.1794 g of sodium tungsten dihydrate reagents and distilled water (see IS 1070 : 1992) Na,W04. 2H,O ) in 50 ml of water. Trans- shall be employed for the test. i er to a lOO-ml volumetric flask, dilute to volume, and mix. Transfer 10 ml aliquot of 5 DETERMINATION OF TUNGSTEN this solution to a lOO-ml volumetric flask, dilute to volume, and mix. 5.1 Outline of the Method 5.3 Procedure In presence of potassium thiocynate, tungsten in hydrochloric acid is reduced with titanium 5.3.1 Transfer 0.5 g of sample to a 200-ml chloride and stannous chloride to form beaker. Add 30 ml of acid mixture and yellowish-green tungsten thiocynate complex oxidize with few drops of nitric acid. Heat to and measured at 400 nm. fumes, cool and add 20 ml of water. Add this solution drop by drop to sodium hydroxide 5.2 Reagents ( 30 percent ) till neutralization. Transfer the solution into 250-ml volumetric flask contain- 5.2.1 Acid Mixture ing 50 ml hot sodium hydroxide solution ( 16 Mix 150 ml of sulphuric acid ( r. d = l-84 ) percent ) shaking the volumetric flask through- and 150 ml of phosphoric acid and make up out the transfer. Cool and make up to the to 1 litre with water. mark. Shake well and allow to settle. 1IS 228 ( Part 16 ) : 1992 5.3.2 Filter the solution through medium of reagents mentioned in 5.3.2 and measure textured filter paper. Take 20 ml aliquot of the absorbance values of standard solutions the filtrate into loo-ml volumetric flask. Add against the first solution. Plot absorbance 30 ml water, 20 ml hydrochloric acid, 5 ml of values against mg of tungsten per 100 ml of potassium thiocynate, i ml of stannous chloride solution. Compute the tungsten content of the solution and O-3 ml of titanium chloride sample from the calibration curve. solution ( see Note ). 5.4 Calculation Make up to volume with hydrochloric acid and shake vigorously. Allow to stand for 30 Calculate the percentage of tungsten as minutes and measure the absorbance against f0110\\X reagent blank at 400 nm. Tungsten, percent by mass = $ x & NOTE - While adding each of the above reagents lo the filtrate shake the flask in each addition. where 5.3.3 Blank A = mass in mg, of tungsten found in 100 ml of final solution, and Carry out a blank determination using O-5 g of pure iron and following the procedure B = mass in g, of sample represented by specified in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2, using same amount 100 ml of final solution of all reagents but without the sample. 5.5 Reproducibility 5.3.4 Calibration Solution f O-02 at 0.5 percent level, Take 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 ml of standard f O-03 at 1 percent level and, tungsten solution See ( 5.2.8 ) into seven loo-ml volumetric flasks. Add the same quantity f O-05 at 2 percent level. 2Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of .the’ activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of : implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. MTD 2 ( 3357 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 323 0131,323 33 75,323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617,3233841 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,337 85 6 1 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 91 20 Northern : SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 { 60 20 2.5 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 1 2351519,2352315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 5X MUMBAI 400093 1 832 78 91,832 7X 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed hy Reprography CJnit, BE, New Delhi
8759.pdf	Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MAINTENANCE AND PRESERVATION OF STONES IN BUILDINGS Stones Sectional Committee, BDC 6 Chairman Reprsscnting SHRI S.G. %ALEKuNDRY Public Works & Electricity Department, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore Members SHRI K. K. AQRAWALA Builders’ Association df India, Bombay SHRI K. K. MADEOK ( A&malt ) SERI R. K. BA~~SAL Delhi Marble Association, New Delhi SERI J. K. CHARAN Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SERI K; KAMLANATHAN ( Allcrnutc ) CHIET ARCHITECT Central Public Works p,epartment, New Delhi CEIEB ENGINEER ( B & R ) Public Works Department, Government of Rajas_ than, Jaipur SERI G. c. Dns National Test House, Calcutta SERI P. R. DAS ( Alternate ) SHBI Y. N. DAVE Department of Geology & Mining, Government of Rajasthan, Udaipur SHRI R. G. GUPTA ( Alternate ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RESEARCH ), Public Works Department, Government of Orissa, CONTROL & RESEARCH LABO- Bhubaneshwar RATORY DEPUTY D~ECTOR. ( RESEARCH ), Public Works Department, Government of Uttar PWD RESEARCH INSTITUTE Pradesh, Lucknow DR M. P. DHIR Cent;ralhpd Research Institute ( CSIR), New SHRI R. L. NANDA ( Alternats ) DIREOTOR ( CSIMRS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) D~n~c~o~‘~‘$% 9 NASIK Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay RESEARCH OFFICER, MATERIAL TESTINQ DIVISION, MERI, NASIK ( Alternate ) ( Cotiinued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1978 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Cop@& Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.X3:8759-1977 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Rcprescnting DIRECTOR, GERI, VADODARA Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat, Vadodara SHRI M. K. GVPTA Himalayan Tiles and Marble Pvt Ltd, Bombay DR IQBAL ALI Engineering Research Laboratory, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SHRI A. B. LINQAM ( Alternate ) SHRI J. P. JAC+US Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI R. C. JAIN Ministry of Shipping & Transport ( Roads Wing ) SHRI PREM SWARUP Department of Geology & Mining, Government of IJttar Pradesh, Lucknow SERI A. K. AQARWAL ( Alfcrnatc ) SRRI B. RAMCHANDRAN Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI S. R. PRADHAN ( Alternate ) DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI J. SEN GUPTA ( Alternate ) SUPFCINTENDINO E N c I N E E R Public Works & Electricity Department, Govern- ment of Karnataka, Bangalore S:P%-%&)ING ENQINEER Public Works Department, Government of Tamil ( DESIQN ) Nadu, Madras DEPUTY CEIEF ENQINEER ( I & D ) ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDINQE N Q I N E E n Public Works Department, Government of Andhra (DESIQN & PL_~NNINQ) Pradesh, Hyderabad SUPERINTENDIXQ E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of West ( PLANNING CIRCLE ) Bengal, Calcutta STJPERINTENDINQS URVEYOR OF Public Works Department, Government of Himachal WORKS Pradesh, Simla SHRI D. AJITEA SIMBA, Director General, ISI ( Ex-&cio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI K. M. MATHVR Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 2IS : 8759- 1977 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR MAINTENANCE AND PRESERVATION OF STONES IN FUILDINGS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 November 1977, after the draft finalized by the Stones Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 The durability of stones depends mainly upon its physical structure and chemical composition. The deterioration takes place when their inherent properties are changed by the action of various unavoidable external agencies. It is always desirable, therefore, to use a good durable stone in the very first instance. 0.3 This code of practice has been framed to enumerate those principal factors which cause decay of stone in buildings and to suggest preventive measures for their least decay. The preventive measures included are based on the practice being followed in this country and are applicable to sedimentary rocks, particularly porous stones which are not plastered. The Indian Standards on some of the preservatives recommended in this standard are given in Appendix A. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : Z-1960”. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that ofthe specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE , 1.1 This standard lays down the practice for maintenance and preser- vation of stones in buildings. Rules for rounding off numerical valves ( rcnised ). 3IS : 8759 - 1977 2. GENERAL 2.0 Generally atmospheric agencies bring about physical and chemical changes in building stones and cause its deterioration. For maintenance and preservation of stones in building it is desirable, therefore, to know the agencies which deteriorate the stones in buildings. The following are the main agencies which cause deterioration of stone. 2.1 Rain - The stone is subjected to alternate wetting and drying due to rain and sun, causing temperature stresses and weathering. The rain water contains different gases and acids which also disintegrate stone. 2.2 Temperature Variation - At places where the temperature of atmosphere changes, the stones are subjected to alternate heating and cooling due to variation in the ambient temperature. At such places stresses are induced in the stone which cause its disintegration or cracking. In thinner walls of single stone, temperature variation may not be much. 2.3 Wind - Stones subjected to strong winds suffer abrasion due to grit and dust. Strong winds also accelerate weathering due to variation in moisture content and help in consequent disintegration of stones. 2.4 Frost - In very cold places moisture present in atmosphere gets deposited on stones and fills the pores. On reaching the freezing temperature, the water in the pores expands and causes disruption. 2.5 Atmospheric Impurities - In an industrial town the atmosphere is generally polluted with smoke and acid gases. Limestones, calcareous p’ sand stones and those containing carbonate of lime are greatly affecte,’ wben used in such places. 2.6 Movement of Chemicals - If limestone and sandstone are laid close to each other in a structure, the chemical formed by the reaction of the atmospheric gases with the limestone, enters the sandstone and causes its disintegration. 2.7 Binding Material - The nature of certain binding material is such that they adversely affect the stones. 2.8 Vegetable Growth - Certain trees and creepers penetrate their roots in the joints of stones in search of food and for their stability. 2.9 Damage Due to Iron Fixtures - Some damage occursto buildings with the use of iron or steel clamps and dowels. These get rusted and in the process expand and fracture the stone. Hence anti-corrosive paint or other suitable coating should be applied to these fixtures for prevention of rust.IS:8759-1977 3. MAINTENANCE OF STONE 3.0 The principal factors in the decay of stone being the action of atmospheric agencies, the preventive measures must aim at denying access to the stone of these destructive agencies. The use of preservatives is to check their action by: a) filling the pores of the stone, b) providing a coating to the surface of the stone to prevent the access of moisture to its interior, and c) reacting with constituents of the stone to form a hard and durable surface. 3.1 Surface Coating Preservatives - These are applied to the surface, after expelling the moisture by sun-drying from the surface of the stone. The preservatives should be applied before sunset. The usual types are: a) Coal tar, bitumen. colourless paraffin oil, linseed oil either mixed or unmixed with paint. These interfere with the pleasing appearance of the stone and require constant attention. b) A solution of silicate of potash or soda which hardens the surface of the stone. 3.2 Preservatives Which Impregnate the Stone Without Chemical Action - The important type is silicone based products which repels water by soaking into the capillary pores of stones and providing water repellent film both on the surface and in depth. It is diluted in a toluene or white spirit mixture and applied either by brushing, dipping or spraying. This method has given successful results on museum exhibits kept indoors under dry conditions. Polyvinyl acetate and polymethyl methacrylate are also used. 3.3 Preservatives Which Act by Chemical Action with Stone - These include barium hydroxide and magnesium fluosilicate. 3.3.1 Silicon ester has ‘no more than a temporary influence on the normal processes of weathering and decay. Impregnation with silicon ester may be helpful on occasion for consolidating special features, if these can be dismantled for saturation by immersion or can be dealt with by feeding the solution through holes drilled through the friable zone into the core. 3.3.2 Silicones water-repellent treatments used are, either a solution of a silicone in an organic solvent or a solution of a metallic siliconate ( usually sodium siliconate) in water. The siliconate decomposes on exposure to the air, releasing the silicone with the formation of sodium carbonate ( or sulphate ) as a by-product. In appropriate circumstances silicones promise to be useful for reducing grain penetration through leading walls and on occasion for controlling staining of stone work from various causes.3.4 Paints - Painting and other remedial measures afford useful measure of protection but are inacceptable for monumental and historical buildings because they mask the colour and texture of stones. 3.5 Limewash - Limewash though ‘widely used in the belief that it would help to preserve the stone, is not recommended as it spoils the appearance of old buildings. 3.6 Limewater - Appreciable strengthening effects are now reported to have been obtained on friable stone by repeated applications of clear limewater. The intention is to deposit calcium carbonate by reaction with carbondioxide in the air, though under present conditions of air pollutions some part of the product may be expected to be calcium sulphate. Lime is so slightly soluble in water, that 30 to 40 applications are needed; This would not be practicable on a large scale and it has not yet been proved that the ultimate effects warrant the time and effort required. 3.7 Cleaning of Stones - The cleaning of stones also forms an important part of maintenance. Cleaning is essential to restore the natural look and to remove the unwanted deposition which may subsequently cause the deterioration of stones. This is done by washing the stone with water or steam, sand blasting or using suitable chemicals. APPENDIX A ( Clause 0.3 ) INDIAN STANDARDS ON PRESERVATIVES IS: -75-1973 \ Linseed oil, raw and refined ( second revision ) 212-1961 Crude coal tar for general use ( revised ) 381-1972 Sodium silicate (Jirst revision ) 702-1961 Industrial bitumen ( revised ) 1083-1975 White oil, light technical 4654- 1968 Paraffin wax 60 15- 1970 Barium hydroxide
215.pdf	IS215:1995 9-773hm FI-$z6Y s f3-q rllichiti - fm-b mq~@f-o Indian Standard ROAD TAR - SPECIFICATION ( Third Revision ) UDC 662.749.3 0 BIS 1995 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MA&MC BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Nimdw 1995 Price Group 4Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, PCD 6 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Third Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council. This Indian Standard was first published in 1951 and was subsequently revised in 1961 and 1981. In the third revision, two types of road tar, namely, Type A and Type B have been mentioned to cover the requirements of road tar for surface dressing, dense tar surfacings and for open graded premix carpets with or without seal coat respectively. This has been done to utilize the crude tar produced as a by-product of carbonization of coal, more specifically to get satisfactory performance of roads under different climatic conditions prevalent in various parts of the country. The requirements for specific gravity, equiviscous temperature (for RT-5), sofening point (R & B), distillation fractions, softening point (R & B) of pitch residue of Type A tar have been modified and given in Table 1. The requirements of Type B tar have been given in Table 2. The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration the views of producers, consumers and technologists and has related the standard to the manufacturing and trade practices followed in the country in this field. Due weightage has also been given to the need for international co-ordination among standards prevailing in different countries of the world. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 215 : 1995 Indian Standard ROAD TAR - SPECIFICATION ( Third Revision ) 1 SCOPE 4 TYPES AND GRADES This standard covers two types of tar each having 4.1 Road tars having pitch/anthracene oil ratios of five grades of road tars with different viscosity ran- 3, 3.5, 4 and 5 can be used to give satisfactory ges suitable for different types of road construction performance for surface dressings and dense tar under the climatic conditions prevailing in various surfacings. However, in case of open textured car- parts of the country. pets with seal coat road tars of pitch/anthracene oil ratios of 3,3.5 and 4 shall be used. If no seal coat is 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES to be given then road tars of pitch/anthracene oil The following standards contain provisions which, ratios of 3 and 3.5 alone are indicated. In view of through reference in this text, constitute provisions these requirements, road tar shall be of the follow- of this standard. At the time of publication, the ing two types: editions indicated were valid. All standards are sub- ject to revisions, and parties to agreements based Type A - for surface dressing and dense tar on this standard are encouraged to investigate the surfacings possibility of applying the most recent editions of Type B - for open graded premix carpet with or the standards indicated below: without seal coat. IS No. Tirle 4.2 Grades of Road Tars 334 : 1982 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen and tar (second revision) There shall be five grades of road tar as follows: 1201 : 1978 Methods for testing tar RT-I For surface dressing under cold bituminous materials weather conditions and use on hill 31 22, 0l,., ,N19o7L8ff ;revisimz) roads at high altitude as well as for ,Y priming the base; 1 I RT-2 For surface painting in normal 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini- climatic conditions; tions-given in IS 334 : 1982 shall apply in addition RT-3 a) For surface painting and renewal to those given below. coat; 3.1.1 Pitch b) For premix chipping carpet (top course and light carpets); The residue obtained from the distillation of road tar having a softening point’of 76°C (R & B) or 67°C RT-4 For premix tar macadam (base (K s( S). course) and dense tar surfacing; and 3.1.2 Anthrmene Oil I RT-5 For grouting and water proofing. The fraction of road tar distilling between 300°C and 350°C. 5 REQUIREMENTS 3.1.3 Anthrmene Oil II 5.1 Road tars shall be prepared entirely from crude The fraction of road tar distilling between 350°C tar produced as a by-product of carbonization of and till the pitch of 76°C (R&B) or 67°C (K & S) coal to cover both high temperature (HT) and low is obtained. temperature (LT) coal tars in coke ovens or retorts. 3.1.4 C~osore Oil 5.2 The material shall comply with the require- men ts given in Tables 1 and 2 for Type A and Type The fraction of road tar distilling bctwcen ZW’C B respectively. and 270°C.Table 1 Requirements for Type A.Road Tars i’: N (Foreword, and Clause 5.2) t; Limits for Grades c SI No. Characteristics r ..* RT-I RT-2 RT-3 RT-4 RT-5 IS No. Annex (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) i) Specific gravity 1.16 - 1.26 1.16 - 1.26 1.18 - 1.28 1.18 - 1.28 1.18 - 1.28 1202 : 1978 - at 27/21°C ii) Viscosity by standard 1206 (Part 1) : - tar viscometer (10 mm cup): 1978 a) Temperature of test, “c 35 40 45 5.5 65 b) Viscosity in seconds 30-5s 30-5s 35 -60 40 - 60 40 - 60 iii) Equiviscous temperature 32 - 36 37-41 43 - 46 53 - 57 63 - 68 1207 : 1978 - @VT), “c iv) Softening point (R & B), T 15 - 19 20 - 24 26 - 29 26 - 40 45 - so 1205 : 1978 - V) Distillation fractions, percent - by weight (g per 100 g) A Distilling : N a) Light oil below 2OtYC 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 b) Middle oil 200°C - 270°C s- 12 2-9 I-6 0.5 - 4 o-4 c) Heavy oil 270°C - 300°C 4- 10 4-8 3-6 2-7 1-S d) Anthracene oil 300°C - 350°C 1s .25 16-26 17 -27 18-29 18-,29 e) Pitch residue converted 45 - 60 50 - 65 55 - 70 60 - 75 65 - 80 to 76°C (R & B) vi) Softening point (R & B) ._ of the pitch residue: 1205 : 1978 - a) at 300°C. MUX 48 50 52 54 56 b) at 360°C. Max 90 90 90 90 90 vii) Water content, percent by weight, Mar 0.5 OS 0.5 0.5 0.5 1211 : 1978 -. viii) Phenols, percent 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1218 : 1978 - by weight, Max ix) Naphthalene, percent 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1219 : 1978 - by weight, Mu-r xJ Raw anthracene, percent 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 - B by weight, MUX xi) Matter insoluble in 22 22 24 24 24 1215 : 1978 toluene, percent by weight, MaxTable 2 Requirements for Type B Road Tars (Foreword, and Clause 5.2) Limits for Grades Ref to SI No. Characteristics / h / #I \ ’ RT-I RT-2 RT-3 RT-4 RT-5 IS No. Annex (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) 1) Specific gravity at 27127°C 1.10 - 1.28 1.10- 1.28 1.12 - 1.28 1.12 - 1.28 1.14 1.28 1202 : 1978 11) Viscosity by standard 1206 (Part 1) : tar viscometer (10 mm cup): 1978 a) Temperature of test, “C 35 40 45 55 65 b) Viscosity in seconds 30 - 55 30 - 55 35 - 60 35 - 70 35 - 70 ill) Equiviscous temperature(EVT), “C 32 - 36 37-41 43 - 46 53 - 57 63 - 67 1207 : 1978 - iv) Softening point (R & B).“C - - - - 45 - 50 1205 : 1978 - v) Distillation fractions, percent by weight (g per 100 g) - A Distilling: a) Light oil up to 17O”C, Mar 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 b) Middle oil 170°C - 270°C 5- 12 2-9 1-6 o-4 o-4 w c) Heavy oil 270°C - 300°C 4- 10 4-8 3-6 2-7 I-5 d) Anthracene oil above 300°C 17 - 27 18-28 18-28 19-30 19-30 e) Pitch residue converted 50 - 70 61- 71 64 - 74 67 - 77 70 - 80 to 76°C (R & B) vi) Softening point (R & B) of the pitch residue, “C 1205 : 1978 - a) at 3OOoC, Mar 40 40 40 40 40 b) at 35O”c, Max 80 80 80 80 80 vii) Water content, percent by Weight, MUX 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1211 : 1978 viii) Phenols, percent 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 1218 : 1978 by volume, Max ix) Naphthalene, percent 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1219 : 1978 by weight, MUX x) Raw anthracene, percent 3.5 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 by weight, Mar xi) Matter insoluble in 22 22 24 24 24 1215 : 1978 toluene, percent by weight, MUXIS 215 : 1995 6 TESTS pitch residue, water content, distillation fractions, phenols, naphthalene and matter insoluble in 6.1 Tests shall be carried out as described in toluene, a composite sample, prepared by mixing IS 1201 : 1978 to IS 1220 : 1978 and Annex A and together equal quantities of road tar from all Annex B. individual samples shall be tested. 7 SAMPLING 7.5 Criteria for Conformity 7.1 Lot 7.51 The lot shall be considered as conforming to the requirements of this specification if the In any consignment, all containers of road tar of conditions mentioned under 7.5.2 and 7.5.3 are met the same type, grade and from the same batch with. of manufacture shall be grouped together to constitute a lot. 7.5.2 From the test results of equiviscous temgera- ture (EVT) and softening point, the mean (X) and 7.2 The number of containers to be selected at range (R) shall be calculated for a minimum of five random from the lot shall depend upon size of the tests. The following conditions shall be satisified: lot, and shall be in accordance with Table 3. a) (E - 0.6 R) shall be greater than or equal Table 3 Number of Containers to be Selected tothe minimum specified limit, and b) (X + 0.6 R) shall be less than or equal to Lot Size No. of Containers the maximum specified limit. (1) (2) 2-8 2 7.5.3 The composite sample when tested for the 9 - 21 3 characteristics mentioned in 7.4.2 shall satisfy the 28 - 64 4 corresponding requirements of the tests. 65 - 125 5 126 - 216 6 8 MARKING 217 - 343 7 8.1 Each container shall be legibly and indelibly 344 512 8 marked with the following information: 513 - 729 9 730 - 1000 10 a) Name of the material; 1001 - 1331 11 b) Indication of the source of manufacture; 7.3 From each of the containers selected as in 7.2 c) Date of manufacture; and an average sample representative of the material in d) Type and grade of road tar. the container shall be drawn in accordance with the 8.2 BIS Certification Marking method described in IS 1201 : 1978 taking all the precautions mentioned therein. All these samples Each container may also be marked with the Stand- from individual container shall be stored ard Mark. separately. 8.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by 7.4 Number of Tests the Provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made there- 7.4.1 All the individual samples shall be tested for under. The details of conditions under which the eyuiviscous temperature (EVT), softening point if licence for the use of Standard Mark may begranted applicable for a particular grade. to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 7.4.2 For the remaining characteristics, namely, specific gravity, viscosity, softening point of the ANNEX A (Chse 6.1, and T~h1e.s1 nrzcl2) DISTILLATION OF ROAD TAR A-l Al’PARATUS Diameter of bulb inside 105 + 3 mm A-t.1 I)istilltrtion Flask- Aside-neck distillation External diameter of side tube 8 +- 0.5 mm Bask as shown in Fig. 1 conforming to following Length of the side tube 200 + 5 mm dimensions shall be used: Thickness of walls of bulb neck 1.0 to 1.5 mm Distillation capacity 500 ml of side tuhc 4IS 215 : 1995 A-1.1.1 The distance from the centre of the side Scale error at any point up to 370°C shall not tube at the junction of the neck to the top of neck exceed 1°C shall be 48 2 1 mm. All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 1 DISTILLATIONFLASK A-1.1.2 The side tube shall slope downwards from A-l.3 Condenser the junction with neck so that the acute angle A-1.3.1 Condenser Glass (Water) between the side tube and the neck is 75” +- 5”. A 250 mm glass-jacketed condenser with dimen- A-l.2 Thermometer sions and tolerances as given below shall be used: Thermometer of high distillation, graduated in cen- Length of jacket excluding 250 -+ 5 mm tigrade degrees as specified, having a range of -2” the necks to 400 “C and conforming to the following require- Outside diameter of adapter of 23 + 1 mm ments shall be used: condenser tube Liquid Mercury Length of adapter 75+5mm Filling above liquid Nitrogen gas Outside diameter of condenser 12.5 + 0.5 mm Temperature range -2” to 400°C tube proper Sub division 1°C Overall length of condenser 475 f 25 mm Total length 378 - 384 mm tube including adapter Stern diameter 6.0 - 7.0 mm A-1.3.2 Condenser Glass (Air) Bulb diameter Not larger than It is made from a straight tube of good quality stem diameter resistance glass with one end finished square with Bulb length 10 - 15 mm theaxisandotherendgroundat anangleof45”with Distance of bottom of bulb 25 - 45 mm the axis, conforming to the following dimensions: to graduation line at 0°C Internal diameter 20*1mm Top finish Glass ring Overall length 600 -t 10 mm Longer graduation lines 5°C Wall thickness 1.0 to 1.5 mm at each A-1.3.3 The side arm of the flask shall extend at Graduations numbered at 10°C least 25 mm beyond the cork in the upper end of the each multiple condenser. 5IS 215 : 1995 A-l.4 Adapter A-l.7 Residue Container An adapter of curved design having a heavy wall and The container for the distillation residue shall be a reinforced top glass, with an angle of approximately 225 g-container approximately 76 mm in the 105” and with a diameter of 18 mm approximately diameter and 54 mm deep, provided with a lid. at the large end. The outlet end shall be ground to an angle of 45-t 5” with inside vertical. The small A-2 PROCEDURE end shall have a diameter of not less than 5 mm. A- 1.5 Shield A-2.1 About 250 to 300 g of road tar is weighed in the distillation flask. The flask is fitted with a ther- Shield of galvanized iron, lined with 3 mm asbestos, mometer. The upper end of the mercury in the bulb fitted with transparent covered windows, shall be shall be in level with the end of the side tube open- used to protect the flask from air currents and to ing into the condenser. The air condenser is in- prevent radiation. The cover may be of transit clined at an angle of 75” to the neck of the flask. The board made in two parts, or it may be of galvanized heating is so adjusted that the distillation is con- iron lined with 3 mm asbestos. tinued at the rate of 5 ml per minute up to the A-l.6 Crow Receivers prescribed temperature rangewithout interruption Crow receivers of 25 ml, 50 ml or 100 ml may bc (see Fig. 2). used. SECTION XX SQ WIRE GAUZE PLACED ON TOP FLAME VENTI IATQR INNER TUBE FOR GAS BURNER All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 2 DISTII_I.ATION APPAHATIJS AsSEMRL,Y 6IS 215 : 1995 A-2.2 For road tar and coal tar the distillation .E.wxple : (see A-2.3 and A-2.4) analysis is conducted till the thermometer registers Suppose the pitch residue at 350°C works out to be a temperature of 350°C. The portions of dislillate 66.5 percent and its softening point is 61°C K & S. shall be collected as follows : Type A TYP R Then 67-61 = h = 4.0 ii) l&t oil Below 200°C up to 170°C L’) Middle oil 200°C to 270°C 170°C to 270°C Anthracene Oil II = 66.5 x g = 2.7 c) Heay oil 270°C to 300°C 270°C to 300°C d) Anthracene oil 300°C to 350°C Above 300 “C And pitch residue of 67°C K & S = 66.5 e) Pitch residue At 350°C At 350°C - 2.7 63.8 percent A-2.2.1 Thedistillation portions after light healing A-2.5 The fractions to be collected are as follows: are transferred into the receiver. The pitch residue in the flask is well shaken and collected in the Water Percent by weight residue container. Later, the softening of the pitch Light oil ” residue is determined. n Middle oil ” A-2.3 The pitch residue at 350°C is converted to Heavy oil 67°C K s( S (76°C R & B) assuming that for every Anthracene oil above 300°C n 1.5”C around which the determined softening point Pitch of 67°C K&S (76 “CR&B) ” lies above or below 67”C, 1 percent of the pitch so ” Distillation loss determined being added or subtracted. An equal amout of the so determined anthracene oil content Total 100 percent, w/w _____- shall be decreased or increased. A-2.6 Precision A-2.4 If needed, this Anthracene Oil (above The mean of two results conducted in the same 3OO’C) can be subdivided into Anthracene Oil 1 laboratory should not differ from the mean of two (300°C to 350°C) and Anthracene Oil I1 (above results in another laboratory by more than the 3.509. The rar gives out Anrhracene Oil II when following : by distilling up to 35O”C, the softening point of the a) 170°C - 270°C fraction 1.0 percent, w/w pitch residue lies below 67°C K s( S (76°C R s( B). b) 270°C - 300°C fraction 1.0 percent, w/w The Anthracene Oil I is directly got from rhe distil- c) 300°C - 350°C fraction 1.0, w/w lation and is expressed as percentage by weight. The d) Softening point of the residue 3°C Anrhracene Oil II is calculated according to the e) Distillation loss permissible 1.5 percent, w/w example given below : variation, Mur ANNEX B (Clause 6.1, and Tables 1 and 2) DETERMINATION OI; RAW ANTLIRACENE IN ROAD TAR B-l APPARATUS for4 hours with intermittent stirring. Thesolidified B-l.1 Filtering Device crystallized material shall be transferred to the sample container fitted with a filter with a filter Buchner funnel or preferably a metal container paper and previously cooled to 15°C. After removal with perforated bottom to accommodate a 70 mm of most of the oil by a filter pump, the material shall rapid filter paper. be squeezed under a hand press until no more oil B-1.2 Cooling System comes out. The operations after initial cooling of Capable of maintaining a COnStant temperature of sample shall be done as rapidly as possible. The 5°C - 27°C with variation of -I 1°C. residue is wieghed and expressed as a percentage by II-l.3 A IIand Press weight of the quantity of tar taken for distillation. Sufficient 10 squeeze oil from cooled Anthracene Oil. B-3 REPRODUCIBILlTY B-2 PROCEDURE B-3.1 Two results obtained by different operators H-2.1 The Anthracene Oil obtained from the dis- in different 1abOrdtOrieS shall not differ by more tillation of road tar shall be cooled io 15°C 2 1°C than kO.4 percent. 7Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, I98 B to p io mote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. PCD 6 ( 1207 ). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones : 3310131,331 13 75 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3310131 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I.T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99,37 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 2637 86 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 60 20 25 { Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 { 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 632 92 95,632 78 58 BOMBAY 400093 1 632 78 91,632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
13418.pdf	IS13418:1992 J Indian Standard PROFORMA FOR ANALYSIS OF GROUTING USED IN UNIT RATE OF RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS UDC 627.81~0:5 6 93-546-3 Q BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 July 1992 -PriceG roup 1Cost Analysis and Cost Estimates Sectional Committee, RVD 19 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Cost Analysis and Cost Estimates Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Grouting is the process of injecting mixtures of cement slurry or other suitable materials into ^ . ~.. .. . _ _ connned and inaccessible spaces ( cracks and crevices ) so that the whole formation may act as a monolithic mass to withstand the high pressures and loads to which it may be subjected. During construction proper grouting can contr-ol ground water flow, prevent loose sand densification below adjacent structures due to pile driving and increase stability of granular soil below existing structures so as to reduce the need for lateral support. After construction grouting is done for underpinning, reducing machine foundation vibrations and elimination of seepage through openings. Grout materials include cement and sand, clay-cement, slag-cement, resin gypsum-cement, clays, asphalt, pulmen seal j fuel ash and a large number of colloidal and low viscosity chemicals. Grouting is extensively used in construction of river valley projects. As such projects are being executed all over the country, it is essential that practices relating to estimation of grouting cost are harmonized and uniform. To this end, this standard lays down a proforma for working out cost analysis of unit rate for grouting. This standard is one of a series of standards already published which lay down proforma for analysis of rates of concrete, masonry, cyclic drilling and blasting, earthwork, shuttering/formwork, rock excavation and embankment construction.IS 13418 : 1992 Indian Stahdard PROFORMA FOR ANALYSIS OF UNIT RATE OF GROUTING USED IN RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS 1 SCOPE General’ is a necessary adjunct to this standard. 1.1 This standard lays down proforma intended 3 PROFORMA for analysis of unit rate of grouting per kg of grout when cement based grout with additives 3.1 The rate of grouting will involve two com- wherever required, is used. ponents, that is, drilling rate per metre of hole and grouting rate per kg of cement. The 2 REFERENCE prcformas are therefore given in Tables 1 2.1 The Indian Standard, IS 11590 (Part 1 ) : and 2. For evaluating unit rate of construction 1986 ‘Guidelines for working out construction equipment references should be made to equipment used for river valley projects: Part 1 IS 11590 ( Part 1 ) : 1986. Table 1 Proforma for Analysis of Unit Rate of Drilling for Grouting Sl Item Unit Qty Rate Amount No. 1. DRILLTNG OF HOLES: a) Machinevy and equipment excluding air Hours b) Compressed air Hours c) Drill bits and drilling accessories Hours d) Other materials Cu-m 2. LABOUR Man hours 3. OVERHEADS : a) Water supply, lighting, sanitary Lumpsum and drainage b) Temporary construction c) Testing and supervision d) Carriage and freight of machinery e) Hidden cost of labour f ) Contingencies 4. ANALYSIS a) Total cost of drilling from Table 1 = Rs. Cd b) Total length of holes = L c) Copt of drilling/m drilled = Rs. -- Cd L 1IS 13418 : 1992 Table 2 Proforma for Analysis of Unit Rate-of Grouting per kg of Cement Sl Item Unit Qty Rate Amount No. 1. GROUTING EQUIPMENT: a) Grout mixer Hours b) Grout pump and accessories Hours c) Compressed air Hours 2. COST OF GROUT MATERIALS: a) Cement b) Sand c) Additives d) Water 3. WASHING AND TESTING OF HOLES: Water pump and/or compressed air charges Hours a) Washing the holes b) Testing of holes 4. LABOUR Man hours 5. OVERHEADS: a) Water supply, lighting sanitary and Lumpsum drainage b) Temporary construction c) Testing and supervision d) Carriage and freight of machinery e) Hidden cost of labour f ) Contingencies 6. TOTAL COST OF GROUTING: cg 1+2+3+4+5wRs. ANALYSIS a) Total cost of grouting = Rs. Cg b) Total quantity of cement used = w kg c) Cost of grouting/kg of cement = Rs. Cg/w NOTE - Separate rate analysis should be worked out for any change in grout mix,Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and -quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
10379.pdf	IS : 10379 - 1982 (Reaffirmed 1995) Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIELD CONTROL OF MOISTURE AND COMPACTION OF SOILS FOR EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE ( FirstR eprintM ARCH 1999 ) UDC 624.131.431.3 : 624.136 0 Copyright 1983 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 February 1983IS:10379-1982 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIELD CONTROL OF . MOISTURE AND COMPACTlON OF SOILS FOR EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chairman Repeserrt ing DR JAGDISH NARAIN Universityo f Roorkee, Roorkee Members SRRI P. D. AGARWAL Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DR B. L. DHAW~N ( Ahmate ) Dn ALAM SINGH University of ,Jodhpur, Jodhpur CHIEF ENGINEER ( RCD ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, ( IPRI ) Chandigarh SHRI P. S. GOSAL ( A/tsmate) SHRI M. C. DANDAVATE Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI N. C. DLJQGAL ( Altamale ) SHRI A. G. D~STIDAR In personal capacity ( 5 hungerford Court, 12/l Hungerford Street, Calcutta ) Dn G. S. DHILLON Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi DIRECTOR Central Soil and Material Research Station, New Delhi DEPUTY DIREWOR ( Alternate 1 DIRECTOR IRI Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee SHRT A. H. DIVAN.JI Asia Foundations and Construction ( \P ,) Ltd. , Bombav SHKI A. N ,JANCLE ( Alternate ) DR GOPAL RAJAN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta; azd University of Roorkee, Roorkee SHRI S. Gup.r.4 Cemindia Company Limited, Bombay SHRI N. V. DE-SOUSA ( Alternate ) SHRI ASHOK K. JAIN G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee SHRI VIJ~Y K. TAIN f Alternate 1 JOINT D1REcTOR - RES’E -A-R CH i4inistry of Railways ( G.E.-I ), RDSO JOINT 'DIRECTOX RESEARCH ( G. E.- II ) ( Alternate) ( Continued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1983 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 10379- 1982 ( Confinlred”fYom page1 ) Members Representing LT-COL V. K. KANITKAR Ministry of Defence ( Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch ) SHRI 0. P. MAr,HOTIt.4 Public Works Department, Chandigarh Administra- tion, Chandigarh SHRI D. R. NARAHARI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR 1, Roorkee SHRI V. S. A~ARWAL ( Alternate ) SURI T. K. NATARAJAN Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI RKNJITSINGR Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHRI V. B. GHORPADE ( Alternate ) DR G. V. RAO Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Dn K. K. GUPTA ( Alternntc) RESEARO~ OFFICER ( I3 & RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh SHRI K. R. SAX~YA Engineering Research Laboratories, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DEPUTY SECRETARY ( Alternate ) SHRI N. SIVAGUR~; Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport ) SHRI P. R. KALRA ( Alternate ) SRRI K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI SUNIL BERRY ( Alternate ) SRRI N. SUBRAB~ANYAM. Karnataka Engineering Research Station, Govern- ment of Karnataka, Krishnarajasagar SUPERINTENDING E N a I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Tamil (P&D) Nadu, Madras E x E o u T I v.7E ENQINEER ( SMRD ) ( Alternate) SHRI H. C. VERMA All India Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombav SHRI I-I. K. GUHA ( Alternate ) SHRL G. RAMAN, Director General, IS1 ( &-o&o Member ) Director, ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI K. M. MATHTTR Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Soil Testing Procedures Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3 Conuetrer DR ALAMSIN(:H University of Jodhpur, jodhpur Members SARI AMAR SINGH Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee SIIRI M. R. SONEJA ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 6 ) 2IS : 10379- 1982 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIELD CONTROL OF MOISTURE‘AND COMPACTION OF SOILS FOR EMBANKMENT AND SUBGRADE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 24 December 1982, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 The earthwork involved in embankments and subgrades has to be controlled so that the average properties of the soil are equal in quaiity as adopted in design. A number of field control methods have been evolved. This standard covers such methods and also gives guidance for use in various situations. It is suggested that the tests mentioned in this standard are conducted at regular intervals so that the results are available for every 1 000 m2 of earth file. 0.3 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord- ance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should he the same as that of the specified value in this standard. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers various methods of field control of compaction and moisture contents of soil for embankment and subgrade. _~_._ _.~______~ Rules for rounding off numerical values ( m&I ). 3IS : 10379 - 1982 2. METHODS APPLICABLE TO NON-GRAVELY SOILS 2.1 Method I - In this method, compaction parameters, that is, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density are determined according to the procedure described in IS : 2720 ( Part VII )- l980* and IS : 2720 ( Part VIII )-19747. The in-&u moisture content of compacted soil is determined by one of the procedures given in IS : 2720 ( Part II )- 1973:. The field dry density is determined by any one of the metl?ods given in IS : 2720 ( Part XXVIII )-19745, IS : 2720 ( Part XXIX )- 197511 or IS : 2720 ( Part XXXIV )-19721. The test shall be performed after removing the top 5 cm layer of earth. The compaction efficiency is then obtained by expression of field density-laboratory maximum dry density. 2.2 Method 2 - This method allows the determination of the relation- ship between the embankment moisture content, dry density and the laboratory optimum conGtions without the necessity of measurement of water content and the results can be obtained in less than one hour. This method, as given in IS : 2720 ( Part XXXVIII )-1976”” can be used directly for both moisture and density controls or only density control. 2.3 Method 3 - In certain weathered soils, field moisture content and dry density differ from the laboratory compaction values: In such soils, a test embankment under nearly identical operating conditions for thick- ness of soil, watering, mixing and compacting is used to determine field moisture content and dry density attainable. The specified layer of soil should be spread on a test strip ‘3 x 10 m, watered and left for 5 to 30 minutes depending upon type before rolling. The water content is varied in layers within + 6 percent of laboratory values. Each strip is rolled by the roller gnd the density of soil is measured by either of the methods mentioned in 2.1 after every two passes. A graph of the number of passes against dry density is drawn for each water content. A graph of maximum dry density attained when plotted against water content gives field moisture content and attainable field dry density. The trial gives a minimum number of passes of compaction roller which at field moisture content will give maximum dry density. - Methods of test for soils : Part VII Determination of water content-dry density relation rlsing light compaction ( second revision ). +Methods of test for soils : Part VIII Determination of water content-dry density relation using heavy compaction ( Jirsl reuision ). $Methods of test for soils : Part II Determination of water content ( second revision ). §Methods of test for soils : Part XXVIII Determination of dry density of soils in- place hy the sand replacement method (first revision ). IjMethods of test for soils : Part XXIX Determination of dry-density of soils in-place by the core-cutter method (Jirsr revision ). BMethods of test for soils : Part XXXIV Determination of density of soil in-place by ribber balloon method. Methods of test for soils : Part XXXVIII Compaction control test ( HILF method ). 4IS : 10379 - 1982 Based on this test embankment, indirect control of number of passes with controlled water using any one of the methods for determining the moisture content [ IS : 2720 ( Part II )-1973 ] can be used for the earthwork. 3. METHOD APPLICABLE TO SOIL CONTAINING GRAVELS AND ROCKFILLS 3.1 In addition to the methods given for non-gravelly soils, the following provisions shall be applicable. 3.2 The total density of soil increases and moisture content decreases with increasing percentage of gravel size fraction up to 60 to 75 percent and above this value density again decreases. 3.3 For the soils with gravels up to 30 percent, recommended method is to establish moisture density relationship [ see IS : 2720 ( Part VII )-198Ot. and IS : 2720 ( Part VIII )-1974: ] in the laboratory on soil fractiofi passing 40 mm IS Sieve. The embankment density may be compared with the laboratory density SO obtained. The field density and the moisture content of the embankment may be determined by the method preferably given in IS : 2720 ( Part XXX111 )-19718 or alternatively as given in IS : 2720 ( Part XXVIII )-1974/l. 3.4 As shear strength of compacted gravel and rockfill does not vary much with small changes in the density and higher precise densities can be attained without precise control of water Icontent as in the case of fine grained soil, controlled testing may not be necessary. Methods of test for soils : Part II Determination of water content ( second revision ). $Methocls of test for soils: Part VII Determination of water content-dry density relation using light compaction ( second reuision ). $Methods of test for soils : Part VIII Determination of water content-dry density relation using heavy compaction (first reuision ). #Methods of test for soils : Part XXX111 Determination of the density in-place by the ring and water replacement method. IjMethods of test for soils : Part XXVIII Determination of dry density of soils in- place by the sand replacement method (Jirst recision ).IS : 10379 - 1982 ( Chtinued from page 2 ) Members Represe rting DEPUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH Ministry of Railways ( GE-I ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH DrnEc~o~E-III ) ( Alternate ) Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( Allernate ) DIRECTOR Public Works Department, Uttar Pradesh DR B. L. DHAWAN ( Allernate ) SHRI H. K. GUHA Geologist Syndicate Private Limited, Calcutta SHRI N. N. BHATTACHARAYA ( Alternate ) DR GOPAL RANJAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee Drz H. C. HAND-~ ( Alternate ) DR SHASHI K. GULIIATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi SHRI P. JAaANATaA RAO Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi LT-COL V. K. KANITKAR Ministry of Defence SHRI M. D. NAIR Associated Instruments Manufacturers ( I ) Private Limited, New Delhi PROF T. S. NAQARAJ ( Alfernate ) RESEAROH OFFICER ( B & RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh 6BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarfers: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DEU-U 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402 Fax : 91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399.91 1 I 3239362 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory: Telephone Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 0-77 0932 Regiqnal Offices: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 32376 17 Eastern : 1114 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. 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Road, 23.89 23 LUCKNOW 226001 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 26 23 05 Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 32 36 35 T.C. No. 14/1421, University PO. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17 ‘Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 27 10 85 CALCUTTA 700072 tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 *Sales Offfce is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Buildina. Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 560002 Printed at Simco Printing Press. Delhi
9401_14.pdf	a IS 9401 ( Part 14 ) : 1992 Indian Standard METHODOFMEASUREMENTOFWORKS INRIVERVALLEYPROJECTS(DAMSAND APPURTENANTSTRUCTURES) PART 14 CANAL WORKS UDC 627.8 : 626.1 : 69-003-12 @ BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 1992 Price Group 2Measurement of Works of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee, RVD 23 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Part 14 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Measurement of Works of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. In the measurement of works of river projects a large diversity of methods exist at present according to local practices. This lack of uniformity creates complications regarding measure- ments and payments. Keeping in view the large amount of financial outlay involved in river valley projects and also the fact that the authorities responsible for completing these projects, are of the state level or national level, it is felt that a suitable methodology is needed for adopting uniform practices towards the measurement of works so that the scope of complications and misinterpretation of items of work is reduced, as far as possible. This standard is being formulated in various parts so as to cover each type of work separately. This pa.rt is intended to provide a uniform basis for measuring the work done in respect of canal works. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded ofI in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 9401( Part 14 ) : 1992 Indian Standard METHODOFMEASUREMENT OFWORKS INRIVERVALLEYPROJECTS(DAMSAND APPURTENANTSTRUCTURES) PART 14 CANAL WORKS 1 SCOPE 3.4.1 The levels of high and low tides where occurring shall be stated. 1.1 This standard covers the methods of measurement of canal works in river valley 3.4.2 The items of work shall fully describe the projects. material and workmanship and accurate!y represent the work to be executed. 2 REFERENCES 3.5 The following shall not be measured sepa- 2.1 The Indian Standards listed below are rately and allowance for the same shall be necessary adjuncts to this standard: deemed to have been made in the description of the main item: IS No. Title a) Marking of chainage; 9401 Method of measurement of ( Part 2) : 1982 works in river valley projects b) Setting out of work, profiles etc; ( dams and appurtenant structures ) : Part 2 cl Site clearance such as cleaning grass and Dewatering vegetation; 9401 Method of measurement of (Part 7) : 1984 works in river valley projects d) Unauthorised battering or benching of (d ams and appurtenant excavation; structures ) : Part 7 Joints e) Forming ( or leaving ) deadmen or tell- 9401 Method of measurement of tales in canals or borrow pits and their (Part 9) : 1987 y;;zsin riavc; valley projects removal after measurement; appurtenant structures ) : Part 9 Lining f) Forming ( or leaving ) steps inside deep excavations and their removal after 3 GENERAL measurement; 3.1 Items may be clubbed together provided g) Bailing out or pumping out of water, in these are on the basis of the detailed description excavation, due to rain, if not measured of items stated in the standard. separately. 3.2 In booking dimensions the order shall be NOTE - Dewatering, if measured separately, shall consistent and generally in sequence of length be measured according to Part 2 of this standard or breadth or width and height or depth or ( see 2.1 j. thickness. 4 CLASSIFICATION 3.3 Ail work shall be measured net in the decimal system. Dimensions shall be measured 4.1 The material to be excavated shall be to the nearest O-01 m, areas shall be worked out broadly classified into three categories as to the nearest 0.01 ma and cubic contents shall follows: be worked out to the nearest O-01 m3. a) Soil, 3.4 Work executed in the following conditions shall be measured separately: b) Rock not requiring blasting, and a) Work in or under water, c) Hard rock requiring blasting. b) Work in or under foul conditions, NOTE - Where required, separate provision shall c) Work under tides. be made for controlled blasting. 1IS 9401 ( Part 14 ) : 1992 5 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT 7.3 The dimensions shall be taken from actual measurements in all cases to arrive at net 5.1 The measurement of earthwork shall be measurements of filling, based on prespecified done in cubic me&es and the measurement deductions ( stated as percentage ) for voids. taken, shall be of authorised dimensions. Irregular areas shall be divided into a number of figures of known area say, triangles, rectang- 7.4 The measurement shall be taken in succes- les etc. The remaining part which cannot be sive stages of 1.5 m. formed into regular figures may be evaluated by taking out average height drawn on a 7.5 If any tests are to be conducted in respect common base, by Simpson’s rule. In the case of degree of compaction, the same shall be of irregular volume, the same shall be deter- specified and included in the item of work. .-mined by prismodial formulae. 7.6 The distance for lead shall be over the shortest 6 MEASUREMENT OF VARIOUS TYPES practicable, and not necessarily the route OF EXCAVATION actually taken. Distances not exceeding 250 m, 6.1 The description of item shall include form- shall be measured in units of 50 m, distances ing of slopes and levels, using shoring where exceeding 250 m and not exceeding 500 m shall required, depositing as fill in embankment or be measured as a separate item. Lead beyond otherwise after making outlines, putting pro- 500 m shall be measured in units of 500 m i.e, files etc. there will be one item on lead exceeding 500 m and not exceeding 1 000 m. Where the lead 6.2 Where the excavation is from borrow pits exceeds 5 km, it will be measured in units of in fairly uniform ground, the measurement of 1 kilometre, half killometre and above being cutting in borrow pits shall be made by taking treated as one unit, less than half a kilometre off dimensions from the pits excavated, based being ignored. For the measurement of lead, on the telltales left at suitable intervals, so as the area excavated shall be divided into suitable to determine the average depth of excavation. blocks. II1 each block the distance shall be from the centre of the block to the centre of 6.3 Where the ground is not uniform, excava- placed earth. tion shall be measured by taking cross-sections at suitable intervals before starting the work 8 REMOVAL OF TREES AND HEDGES and after its completion, and computing the quantity of excavation from these levels. 8.1 Clearing areas of shrubs, brush-wood and small trees not exceeding 30 cm girth shall be 6.4 All ‘excavation shall be measured in success- measured in square metres and shall be deemed ive stages of 1.5 m starting at the commencing to include removal and disposal. level. This shall not apply to cases where no lift is involved. Battering and benching shall The cutting down of trees exceeding 30 cm girth be specified and measured along with the main and over upto 100 cm girth shall be enumerated item of excavation. as one item. The cutting down of trees exceed- ing 100 cm girth shall be enumerated separately 6.5 Each type of classification shall be measured stating the girth. The girth shall be measured separately. one metre above ground level. The item shall include lopping of branches as well as removal 7 MEASUREMENT OF FILL FOR MAKING and disposal. EMBANKMENTS 7.1 Separate measurement for making embank- Cutting down hedges and remova of fences ments shall be taken only if earth from the shall be fully described and measured in excavation is not utilised. running metres and shall be deemed to include removal and disposal. 7.2 The actual measurement of fill shall be calculated by taking levels at suitable intervals, Digging out of roots, including stacking, shall of the original ground before start of the work be measured separately and enumerated. after site clearance, and after compaction of the fill in suitable. layers as specified. The 9 LINING quantity of the fill shall be computed from these levels. If filling materials are obtained 9.1 The measurement of lining shall be done from borrow pits, the same shall be measured according to Part 9 of this standard and shall from borrowpits as in 6 above. include preparation of subgrade ( see 2.1 ). LIS 9401( Part 14 ) : 1992 10 JOINTS 12 OTHER COMPONENTS OF CANALS The measurement ofjoints, if any, shall be done according to part 7 of this standard ( see 2.1 ). 12.1 Silt vanes, sediment ejector, canal escapes, cross regulators, silt selectives head regulators, 11 TURFING groyne walls, skimming platforms and canal outlets, shall be fully described with detailed 11.1 It shall be measured in square metres. The drawings and measured as separate individual description of items shall include all operations items. including supply and transportation of materials, growing grass or vines after placing 13 MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS rich soil of specified thickness and, if required, watering after placing specified quantity of 13.1 Items like wheel guard, RD, and boundary manure. stones shall be described and enumerated. 3- Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 2986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of thes: publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. RVD 23 ( 72 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. 1. P. Road, Maniktola I 37 84 99, 37 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62 c 53 38 43, 53 16 40 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 23 84 235 02 16, 235 04 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOMBAY 400093 6327891, 6327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. 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841.pdf	IS : 841 - 1983 (Reaffirmed 1999) Edition 3.3 UDC 621.972.669.14 (1999-11) Adopted 17 January 1983 © BIS 2002 Price Group 5 B U R E A UO FI N D I A NS T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 ])6173( 21 CDE : coD : feR[ 2 : 21 CDE ,eettimmocbuS slooT ’srekroW lateM ;21 CDE ,eettimmoC lanoitceS slooT dnaH Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR STEEL HAMMERS (Second Revision) (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 & 3) 1. Scope — Covers the requirements for steel hammers. 2. Types 2.1 The steel hammers shall be of the following types : a)Engineer’s ball pein hammer, b)Engineer’s cross pein hammer, c)Double face sledge hammer, d)Cross pein sledge hammer, e)Straight pein sledge hammer, f)Stone breaker’s hammer (oval eye), g)Stone breaker’s hammer (round eye), h)Boiler scaling hammer, j)Spiking and keying hammer, k)Spiking and keying hammer (alternate design), m)Spiking hammer, and n)Keying hammer. 3. Material 3.1 The hammer heads shall be manufactured from fully killed forging quality steel meeting the requirements of hardness and tests laid down in 4 and 15. Suitable examples of steel are grade T 50, T55, T65 or T70 of schedule VI of IS:1570-1961 ‘Schedules for wrought steel for general engineering practices’. 4. Hardness 4.1 The hammer heads shall be hardened and tempered on the striking faces and peins only. The striking faces and peins shall have hardness between 46 to 58 HRC. 4.1.1 For hammers up to and including nominal mass 1500g the hardened zone of the striking faces, when measured from any point on that face, shall extend to a minimum depth of 3 millimetres. For hammers with nominal mass more than 1500g, it shall be minimum 6 millimetres. Hardness measured shall be within the values specified in 4.1. For illustration see Fig. 1. FIG. 1 In no case the above hardness shall extend to any part of the neck or where there is no neck, more than half way to the nearest point of the eye. The hardness measured near the eye portion shall not exceed 32 HRC. This requirement is only for the guidance of the manufacturers. 5. Shapes and Dimensions 5.1 Hammer heads shall be provided with an eye which shall be of either of the shapes shown in Table I. Eye dimensions of hammer heads of nominal mass up to and including 1000g, shall be as given in Table I. For hammer heads of nominal mass more than 1000g, the dimensions of eye shall be as specified in respective tables.IS : 841 - 1983 5.1.1 Stone breaker’s hammer head may also be provided with round eye in accordance with Table6. 5.2 The shapes and dimensions of hammer heads shall be as given in Tables 2 to 11. 5.3 A tolerance of ±2.5mm shall be permissible on the dimensions of eye. Tolerances on other essential dimensions of hammer heads shall be according to the best forging practices. 6. Mass 6.1 The mass of the hammer heads shall be as given in respective tables subject to a tolerance of ±7.5 percent. 7. Handles 7.1 Clause deleted 7.2 In case steel hammers are required to be supplied with handles, the handles shall conform to IS : 4953-1973 ‘Specification for wooden handles for hand hammers (first revision)’. 8. Designation 8.1 The hammers shall be designated by : a)commonly used name, b)nominal mass, and c)number of this standard. Example : A double face sledge hammer of nominal mass 2500g shall be designated as : Double face sledge hammer 2500 IS : 841 9. Manufacture, Workmanship and Finish 9.1 The hammer heads shall be cleanly forged and/or stamped in one piece. These shall be well-shaped and reasonably free from flaws, seams or other defects. All fins or flaws produced in forging or stamping shall be dressed to a reasonably level surface. 9.2 The eye shall be well-shaped and reasonably central, and shall be drifted from both sides to leave a central waist. 9.3 The striking faces and peins of hammer heads shall be finished to a reasonably smooth, bright surface and all sharp edges shall be removed. The striking faces may be slightly convexed and chamfered. The peins shall be well-shaped and finished. Where any other finish is required, this shall be clearly stated by the purchaser in enquiry and order. 10. Preservative Treatment 10.1 The hammer heads shall be varnished all over or coated with an approved anti-corrosive paint, except the ground portion, which shall be left varnished. 11. Supply of Hammers 11.1 General requirements relating to the supply of hammers shall conform to IS:1387-1967 ‘General requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision)’. 12. Marking 12.1 Each hammer head shall be clearly and legibly stamped with its nominal mass and the supplier’s name, initials and/or trade-mark. Year of manufacture may also be marked when specifically required by the purchaser. 12.2 ISI Certification Marking — Details available with the Indian Standards Institution. 13. Packing 13.1 The hammer heads shall be securely packed in suitable packing cases of size convenient for handling in transit or they shall be bundled and secured suitably with wire, as may be specified by the purchaser. Each type and size of hammer head shall be kept separate when packed and no package shall contain more than one variety of hammer heads. 14. Sampling 14.1 In order to ascertain the conformity of the lot the procedure for sampling inspection as given in IS : 2500 (Part I)-1973 ‘Sampling inspection tables : Part I Inspection by attributes and by count of defects (first revision)’ shall be followed. The inspection level and AQL for various characteristics shall be according to 14.2. 2IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 1FORM AND PROPORTIONS OF EYE FOR THE FITTING OF A HANDLE FOR STEEL HAMMERS (Clause 5.1) All dimensions in millimetres. Note — The depth ‘T’ of the central waist shall be a minimum of 0.125 J and a maximum of 0.33 J. Nominal Mass g E F 100 10 15 200 15 22.5 300 15 22.5 500 15 22.5 600 20 30 800 20 30 1000 20 30 Note — The dimensions E and F are applicable for Engineer’s ball pein hammers and Engineer’s cross pein hammers only. 3IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 2DIMENSIONS FOR ENGINEER’S BALL PEIN HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B C D G M N g 100 65 25 20 20 15 35 15 200 80 30 25 25 20 48 20 300 90 35 30 25 25 50 20 500 105 40 32 30 25 60 22 600 110 45 35 35 30 65 25 800 120 50 35 40 32 68 25 1000 125 50 40 40 35 70 25 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. TABLE 3DIMENSIONS FOR ENGINEER’S CROSS PEIN HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B C D G J M N P R g 200 75 30 25 24 20 10 45 20 12 1.6 300 95 35 25 30 22 12 50 20 16 1.6 500 105 40 32 35 25 15 60 22 20 3.2 600 115 45 35 35 30 15 60 25 20 4.0 800 120 50 40 40 32 18 65 25 20 4.0 1000 130 50 40 40 35 18 70 25 22 4.0 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 4IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 4DIMENSIONS FOR DOUBLE FACE SLEDGE HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A E F G B g (kg) 500 (0.5) 80 15 25 25 32 1000 (1.0) 105 20 32 35 40 1500 (1.5) 128 20 35 40 45 2000 (2.0) 135 25 35 40 50 2500 (2.5) 155 25 35 45 52 3000 (3.0) 160 25 45 47 55 3500 (3.5) 170 25 45 50 55 4000 (4.0) 170 30 45 50 60 4500 (4.5) 180 30 45 52 62 5000 (5.0) 190 30 45 52 65 5500 (5.5) 200 30 45 52 65 6000 (6.0) 210 30 45 52 68 6500 (6.5) 218 30 50 60 70 7500 (7.5) 225 30 50 62 72 8000 (8.0) 230 30 50 62 72 8500 (8.5) 235 30 50 62 72 9500 (9.5) 235 30 50 65 80 10000 (10.0) 240 30 50 65 80 10500 (10.5) 245 30 50 65 80 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 5IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 5DIMENSIONS FOR CROSS PEIN SLEDGE HAMMERS AND STRAIGHT PEIN SLEDGE HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B M K R E F g (kg) 500 (0.5) 95 30 55 25 6 15 25 1000 (1.0) 125 40 65 35 6 20 35 1500 (1.5) 135 40 75 35 8 20 35 2000 (2.0) 145 45 75 35 10 25 35 2500 (2.5) 155 50 85 50 10 25 35 3000 (3.0) 160 55 90 50 15 25 45 3500 (3.5) 175 55 100 55 15 25 45 4000 (4.0) 185 60 105 55 15 30 45 5000 (5.0) 195 60 110 60 20 30 45 6000 (6.0) 220 70 120 65 20 30 45 8000 (8.0) 225 75 130 75 20 30 50 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 6IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 6DIMENSIONS FOR STONE BREAKER’S HAMMERS (Clause 5.1.1 and 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal A B C D E F Mass g 500 100 30 40 22 15 25 800 110 40 40 25 20 30 1000 130 40 55 25 20 35 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 7IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 7DIMENSIONS FOR BOILER SCALING HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal A B K E F Mass g 500 130 30 30 15 25 800 155 35 40 20 30 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. TABLE 8DIMENSIONS FOR SPIKING AND KEYING HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal A B C K E F Mass g (kg) 1500 (1.5) 170 35 30 40 20 35 3000 (3.0) 260 40 40 65 25 45 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 8IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 9DIMENSIONS FOR SPIKING AND KEYING HAMMERS (ALTERNATE DESIGN) (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B D K E F g (kg) 2000 (2.0) 230 40 20 20 25 35 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. TABLE 10DIMENSIONS FOR SPIKING HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B D K E F g (kg) 4000 (4.0) 290 50 40 65 30 45 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 9IS : 841 - 1983 TABLE 11DIMENSIONS FOR KEYING HAMMERS (Clause 5.2) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Mass A B D K M E F g (kg) 2000 (2.0) 210 40 20 55 75 25 35 3000 (3.0) 265 45 20 66 95 25 45 Note — For details of eye see Table 1. 14.2 For dimensions, workmanship and finish, hardness and other tests, a single sampling plan with inspection level IV and AQL of 4 percent given in Tables 1 and 2 of IS : 2500 (Part I)-1973 shall be followed. 15. Tests 15.1 Soundness and Assembly Tests — In order to determine satisfactory hardness of striking points and edges, all hammers shall be capable of complying with the requirements of 15.2 15.2 The hammer heads shall be fitted with handles and struck four times against the cast iron or mild steel block in case of flat faced hammers and block of cast iron in case of pointed hammers. The blocks shall have hardness within the range of 380 to 420HB. They shall not show any damage or deflection at the end of this test. 15.2.1 In addition to the test specified at 15.2, each face and the pein if any, shall be struck with 100g ball pein hammer, having hardness specified at 4, without perceptible indentation of the face or pein of the hammer tested. 15.2.2 Clause deleted E X P L A N A T O R YN O T E This standard was issued in 1957. In order to rationalize the weights and to specify the dimensional and other requirements in metric units, it was first revised in 1968. In this second revision, the title of the specification has been amended to cover particularly the steel type of hammers. It is proposed to cover other types of hammers like nylon, copper and aluminium hammers separately. The other particulars included in this revision are soundness and assembly tests, depth of hardness and adoption of specific eye shapes in hammer heads. While preparing this specification considerable assistance has been derived from the following documents : BS 876:1981 Hand hammers. British Standards Institution. DIN 1193-1982 Steel hammer technical specifications. Deutscher Institut für Nomenausschuss. This edition 3.3 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (July 1984), Amendment No. 2 (January 1987) and Amendment No. 3 (November 1999). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendments. 10
b719_1_2.pdf	UDC 621’38’038-218’3 : 006’78 : 621.316’342’1 IS : 11719 ( Part l/Set 2 ) - 1986 Indian Standard DIMENSIONS OF MECHANICAL STRUCTURES OF THE 482% mm SERIES PART 1 CABINETS AND PITCHES OF RACK STRUCTURES Section 2 Pitches of Rack Structures 1. Scope - Covers the pitches of fixed rack structures used in 482.6 mm rack and panel electronic equipment practice. 1.1 It does not cover heights and depths of such structures. 2. Description 2.1 Fixed Rack Sfrucfures - For the purpose of this standard, a fixed rack structure is defined as a series of pairs of vertical members, spaced on a predetermined pitch, fixed to the floor at the bottom and to the ceiling and/or wall at the top. Each pair of vertical members will allow the attachment of panels, etc, in accordance with IS : 9606-1980 ‘Dimensions of panels and racks (482.6 mm system )‘. The pitch of the fixed rack structures is equal to the theoretical centre distance of a plurality of racks. Each rack vertical member may be separated from or combined with the vertical member of the adjacent rack provided the pitch is maintained. 2.2 Pifches of Fixed Rack Structures - The pitches of fixed rack structures are the distances between datum lines for the mounting of racks in a row. The pitches of fixed rack structures are given in Fig. 1. Pitches of 500 525 550 600 Structures, P (mm) FIG. 1 PITCHES OF FIXED RACK STRUCTURES EXPLANATORY NOTE This standard ( Part 1 ) is based, without any technical change, on IEC Pub 297-2 ( 1982) ‘Dimensions of mechanical structures of the 462’6 mm (19 inch ) series’, issued by the Interna- tional Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC 1. Adopted 25 April 1986 @ December 1936, ISI Gr 1 I I INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002
15150.pdf	Is 15150:2002 Indian Standard INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM — REQUIREMENTS Ics 35.040 0 BIS 2002 BUREASU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 5 October 2002 . 1Information System Security Sectional Committee, LTD 38 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted bythe Bureau ofIndian Standards, afler thedraft finalized bythe Information System Security Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electronics and Telecommunication Division Council. The central theme of an Information Security Management System (ISMS) is to enable the implementing organization to enhance trust and confidence among itstrading partners aswell aswithin itsown organization on its ability to protect the information and information processing assets. Business needs of an organization can be broadly categorized into two types, one as ‘strategic needs’ and the other as ‘imperative needs’. It is recognized that the risks to a business in relation to imperative needs are significantly high ascompared to strategic needs. Theadoption ofanInformation Security Management System (lSMS) is an imperative need of an organization’s business. The design and implementation of an organization’s Information Security Management System is influenced by the prevailing threat scenario, risks to its information and information processing assets, their effect on business processes, need for business continuity and the size and structure of the organization. It is not the intent of this standard to imply uniformity in the structure of Information Security Management Systems or uniformity of documentation. This standard can be used by internal and external parties, including certification bodies, to assess the organization’s ability to meet stake holder’s, customer’s, regulatory and the organization’s own requirements. This standard promotes the adoption ofa‘riskbased approach’ when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness ofthe Information Security Management System, toenhance trust andconfidence between the organization and itscustomers, trading partners and other external agencies aswell aswithin the organization. Foranorganization to carry out itsbusiness inasafeandsecuremanner, ithasto identify allcritical information assets and manage numerous risks, threats and vulnerabilities associated with the information and information processing facilities and mitigate the risks. The risk based approach enables the organization to systematically assess the risks, threats and vulnerabilityies associated with the critical information assets and related information processing facilities. When used within the Information Security Management System, such anapproach emphasizes the importance of: a) awareness and understanding of risks, threats and vulnerabilities; b) selection and implementation of appropriate security controls; c) monitoring and reviewing the performance and effectiveness of the ISMS; d) keeping the security mechanism up-to-date; and e) continual improvement of the ISMS. The model of arisk-based Information Security Management System isshown in Fig. 1. (Continued on third cover) .Is 15150:2002 Indian Standard INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM — REQUIREMENTS 1 SCOPE ISNo. Titie 1.1 General 14990 Information technology — Security (Part 3): 2001 techniques — Evaluation criteria of This standard specifies requirements for an Infor- ITsecurity:Part3Securityassurance mation Security Management System where an requirements organization: 3 TERMINOLOGY a) needs todemonstrate itsability toreasonably For the purpose of this standard, the terms and protect all business critical information and definitions given below and those given in IS 14357 related information processing assets from shall apply. loss, damage or abuse, b) aims to enhance the trust and confidence 3.1 Critical Information — Information which, in between customers, trading partners and the absence of assurance in terms of availability, external agencies as well as within the integrityandconfidentiality, islikelytohave animpact organization, and on the way business isintended to be carried out. c) needs to assure conformity to applicable 4 INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT contractual and regulatory requirements. SYSTEM 1.2 Application 4.1 General Requirements A11requirements of this standard are generic and Theorganization shallestablish, document, implement are intended to be applicable to all organizations, and maintain an Information Security Management regardless of the type and size of business. Where System and continually improve its effectiveness in any requirement(s) ofthis standard cannot beapplied accordance with the requirements of this standard. due to the nature of an organization and its business The organization shall: critical information, this can be considered for exclusion. a) identifi allbusiness critical information and classify them according to their business Where exclusions are made, claims of conformity to value, thisstandard arenotacceptable unlesstheseexclusions arelimited toselection ofcontrols (see7.2.1) andsuch b) carry out a risk assessment on a continuous basis to determine the threats and vulner- exclusions do not affect the organization’s ability, or abilities associated with the information and responsibility, to protect all business critical information processing assets, information and related information processing facilities, and to assure conformity to applicable c) select and implement appropriate security reguIatory requirements. controls to mitigate the risks, d) ensurethe availability ofresources necessary 2 REFERENCES to implement these controls, The following Indian Standards contain provisions e) monitor and review the implementation 01’ which through reference in this text, constitute these controls, and provisions ofthis standard. Atthetime ofpublication, 9 continually improve the effectiveness of the editions indicated were valid. All standards are . overall ISMS. subject to revision andparties to agreements based on These steps shall be managed by the organization in this standard are encouraged to investigate the accordance with the requirements of this standard. possibility of applying the most recent editions ofthe standards indicated below: 4.2 Documentation Requirements IS No. Title 4.2.1 General 14357:2002 Code of practice for Information The Information Security Management System Security management system @st documentation shall include: revision] 1 .Is 15150:2002 a) documented statements of an information fication to them if they are retained for any security policy, purpose. b) information security manual, 4.2.4 Control of Information Security Recorck c) documented procedures required by this Information Security records shall be established and standard, maintained to provide evidence of conformity to d) documents needed by the organization to requirements and of the effective operation of the ensuretheeffective implementation ofISMS, Information Security Management System. Infor- and mation security records shall remain legible, readily e) information security records required bythis identifiable andretrievable. Controls established shall standard (see 4.2.4). provide for the identification, storage, protection, NOTES retrieval, retention timeanddisposition ofinformation I Wheretheterm ‘documentedprocedure’appearswithinthis security records. standard,thismeansthattireprocedureisestablishe~documented, implementedandmaintained. 5 MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY 2Theextent oftheInformation SecurityManagement System documentation candifferfromoneorganizationtoanotherdue 5.1 Management Commitment to: a) thesizeoforganization, Top management shall provide evidence of its b) thecomplexityofselectedcontrols,and commitment to the development and implementation c) thecompetenceofpersonnel. ofthe Information Security Management System and 3Thedocumentationcanbeinanyformortypeofmedium. continually improving itseffectiveness by: 4.2.2 Information Security Manual a) establishing the information security policy, The organization shall establish and maintain an b) conducting periodic reviews, and Information Security Manual that includes: c) ensuring the availability of resources. a) the scope of the Information Security 5.2 Trust and Confidence Management System, including detailsofand justification forany exclusions (see 1.2),and Top management shall ensure that the information b) the documented procedures established for security requirements aredetermined onacontinuous the Information Security Management basis and ii.dfilledwith the aim of enhancing thetrust System, or reference to them. and confidence between the organization and its customers, trading partners and external agencies as 4.2.3 Control of Documents well aswithin the organization (see 7.2.1 and 8.2.1). Documents required by the Information Security Management System shall be controlled. Information 5.3 Information Security Policy Security records are aspecial type of documents and Top management shall ensure that the information shallbecontrolled according totherequirements given security policy: in 4.2.4. a) is appropriate to the business environment The organization shall establish the controls needed: of the organization, a) to approve documents for adequacy prior to b) includes a commitment to comply with issue, security requirements and continually b) to review and update as necessary and improve theeffectiveness ofthe Information reapprove documents, Security Management System, c) to ensure that changes and the current c) iscommunicated and understood within the revision status of documents are identified, organization, and d) to ensure that relevant versions ofapplicable d) isreviewed for continuing suitability. documents are available atpoints of fise, e) to ensure that documents remain legible and 5.4 Responsibility, Authority and Communication readily identifiable, 5.4.1 Responsibility and Authority f) to ensure that documents of external origin are identified and their distribution control- Topmanagement shallensurethattheresponsibilities, led, and authorities and their interrelations for information g) to prevent the unintended use of obsolete security are defined and communicated within the documents, and to apply suitable identi- organization. 2 .Is 15150:2002 5.4.2 ManagementR epresentative a) improvement of the effectiveness of the Information Security Management System, Top management shall appoint amember ofmanage- and ment who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have responsibility and authority that includes: b) resource needs. a) ensuring that steps needed for implement- 6 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ation of the Information Security Manage- 6.1 Human Resources ment System areestablished andmaintained, b) reporting to the top management on the 6.1.1 General performance of the Information Security Personnel performing work connected with infor- Management System and any need for mation security shall be competent on the basis of improvement, and appropriate education, training, skills and experience. c) liaison with external parties on matters 6.1.2 Competence, Awareness and Training relating tothe Information Security Manage- ment System. The organization shall : 5.4.3 Internal Communication a) determine the necessary competence for Top management shall ensure that appropriate personnel performing work connected with communication processes are established within the information security, organization and that communication takes place b) provide training or take other actions to regarding theeffectiveness oftheInformation Security satisfy these needs, Management System. c) evaluatetheeffectiveness oftheactionstaken, d) ensure that its personnel are aware of the 5.5 Provision of Resources relevance and importance of their activities. The top management shall provide the resources and needed to implement and maintain the Information e) maintain appropriate records of education, Security Management Systemandcontinually improve training, skills and experience (see 4.2.4). itseffectiveness. 6.L3 Security in Job Definition and Resourcing 5.6 Management Review 6.1.3.1 Security injob responsibilities 5.6.1 General ,--- Security roles and responsibilities for implement ing Top management shall review the organization’s ‘;, and maintaining the security policy as well as any Information Security Management System,atplanned f “ specific responsibilities for the protection of critical intervals, toensure itscontinuing suitability, adequacy information and information processing assets shalI and effectiveness. This review shall include assessing be documented. opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the Information Security Management 6.1.3.2 Personnel screening System, including the Information Security policy. Records from management reviews shall be The organization shallestablish necessary verification maintained (see 4.2.4). checks atthe time of recruitment. 5.6.2 Review Input 6.1.3.3 Terms and conditions and confide ntia[i(v agreements The input to management review shall include, as a Iminimum,the following: The terms and conditions of employment shall state the responsibility for information security. Where a) results of audits, necessary, appropriate confidentiality or non- b) status of preventive and corrective actions, disclosure agreements shall be included. c) follow-up actionsfromprevious management reviews, 6.2 Infrastructure d) changes that could affect the Information 6.2.1 General Security Management System, and e) recommendations for improvement. The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the infrastructure needed to achieve 5.6.3 Review Output conformity to information security requirements. Theoutput from themanagement review shallinclude Infrastructure includes but is not limited to the any decisions and actions related to: following 31s 15150:2002 a) buildings, workspace andassociatedutilities, b) the integrity of the Information Security b) information processing assets,bothhardware Management System is maintained when and software, and changes totheInformation Security Manage- ment system are planned and implemented. C) supporting services such as network communication. 7.1.2 Asset Classl~cation and Control 6.2.2 Information Security Infrastructure 7.1.2.1 Inventory and classification of assets 6.2.2.1 Information securiy forum and coordination Allcritical information asse?tsand related information The organization shall establish a management processing assets, including hardware, software and framework to initiate and control the implementation internal services, shall be identified and classified to of information security controls within the organi- indicate the need, priorities, impact and degree of zation. Where necessary, the organization shall setup protection required. Each of these assets shall have a cross-functional team(s) tocoordinate the implement- nominated owner. ation of security controls. 7.1.2.2 Information Iabelling and handling 6.2.2.2 Allocation of securiy responsibilities Organization shall establish procedures for handling Responsibilities for the protection of all critical of critical information assets, including information information and information processing assets assets in physical and electronic forms, according to including business continuity planning shall be their classification. Allcritical information assets that defined. are classified as sensitive shall be suitably labelled. 6.2.2.3 Authorization process for information 7.L3 Risk Assessment processing facilities An appropriate risk assessment shall be undertaken. A management authorization process for new The risk assessment shall identify the threat and information processing facilities shall be established. vulnerabilities associated with thecritical information The use of personal information processing facility and related information processing assets and shall forprocessing business information, which maycause determine the extent of risks commensurate with the new vulnerabilities, shall also be authorized. degree ofinformation security assurance required. For 6.2.2.4 Specialist information security advice degree of information security assurance levels (Evaluation Assurance Levels-EALs) [see IS 14990 The organization shall nominate an individual to (Part 3)]. coordinate knowledge andexperience, in-houseaswell as outside, to ensure consistency and provide help in 7.1.4 Risk Management security decision making. Following risk assessment, the organization shalI 6.2.2.5 Cooperation between organizations identifi and manage the areas of risks, based on the Appropriate contacts with agencies such as law organization’s information security policy and the enforcement, regulatory bodies, information service degree ofinformation security assurance required. For providers, telecommunication operators shall be degrees of information security assurance levels maintained to ensure that appropriate action can be (Evaluation Assurance Levels-EALs) [see IS 14990 quickly taken and advice obtained in the event of a (Part 3)]. security incident. 7.2 Implementation 6.3 Work Environment 7.2.1 The organization shall select and implement all The organization shall determine and manage the applicable security controls from the list given in work environment needed to achieve conformity to Table 1,with due consideration to the requirements information security requirements. arisingoutofriskassessmentandlegalandcontractual obligation. Any exclusions shall be suitably justified 7 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION and documented. Requirement for any additional 7.1 Planning controls shall also be considered. 7.1.1 Information Security Management System 7.2.2 The organization shall determine the need for Planning procedures foritsISMS andeffectively implement the The organization shall ensure that: selectedsecurity controls. Monitoring andverification arrangements necessary to establish conformance to a) the planning of the Information Security the security requirements shall be established and Management System is carried out in order appropriate records maintained. to meet the requirements given in 4.1, and 4 .Is 15150:2002 Table 1Applicable Security Controls (Clause 7.2.1) Ref No. InformationSecurityControls 1 Physicalandenvironmental security 1.1 SecureAreas 1,1.1 Physical securi~perirrreter— Organizationsshallusesecurityperimeterstoprotectareaswhichcontaininformationprocessing facilities. 1.1.2 Physical entry control —Secore areasshallbeprotectedbyappropriateeotrycontrolstoensurethatonlyauthorizedpersooncl areallowedaccess. 1.1.3 Securing o@es, rooms arrdfacilities — Secureareasshallbecreatedinordertoprotectoffices,roomsandfacilities with specialsecurityrequirements. 1.1.4 Working insecure areas — Additionalcontrolsandguidelinesforworkinginsecureareasshallbeusedtoenhancethesecurity providedbythephysicalcontrolsprotectingthesecureareas. 1.1,5 lsolateddelivery arrdIoadirrgareas— Delivery andloadingar&sshallbeeorstrolledand,ifpossible,isolatedfrominformation processingfacilitiestoavoidunauthorizedaccess. 1.2 EquipmentSecurity 1.2.1 Equipment siting arrdprotection — Equipmentshallbesitedorprotectedtoredueetherisksfromenvironmental threatsand hazards,andopportunitiesforunauthorizedaccess. I.2.2 Power supplies— Equipmentshallbeprotectedfrompowerfailuresandotherelectricalanomalies. 1.2.3 Cabling security —Powerandtelecommunicationcablingcanyingdataorsupportinginformationservicesshallbeprotcctcd forminterceptionordamage. 1,2.4 Equipment maintenance —Equipmentshallbemaintainedinaccordancewithmanufacturer’sinstructionand/ordocumeotwl procedurestoensureitscontinuedavailabilityandintegrity. 1,2.5 Security ofequipment off-premises — Security procedures andcontrols shall beusedtosecure equipment usedootsidc organization’spremises. 1.2.6 Securedisposal orre-use ofequipmerr— Informationshallbeerasedfromequipmentpriortodisposalorre-use. 1.3 GeneralControls 1.3.1 Clear desk andclear screen policy— Organizationsshallhaveandimplementacleardeskandaclearscreenpolicyinorderto reducetherisksofunauthorizedaccess,lossof,anddamagetoinformation. 1.3.2 Removal ofproper~ — Equipment, information orsoftwarebelongingtotheorganization shallnotberemoved without authorization. 2 Communications andoperations management 2.1 OperationalProceduresandResponsibilities 2.1.1 Documented operating procedures — Theoperatingproceduresidentified inthesecuritypolicyshallbedocumented and maintained. 2.1.2 Operational change control— Changestoinformationprocessingfacilitiesandsystemsshallbecontrolled. 2.1.3 Segregation ofduties — Dutiesandareasofresponsibilityshallbesegregatedinordertoreduceopportunitiesforunauthorized modificationormisuseofinformationorservices. 2,1.4 Separatir?n ofdevelopment andopera~iorsalfacilities —Developmentandtestingfacilitiesshallbeseparatedfromoperational facilities. 2.1.5 Externalfacilities management — Priortousingexternal facilities managementservices,therisksshallbeidentified and appropriatecontrolsagreedwiththecontractor,andincorporatedintothecontract. 2.2 SystemPlanningandAcceptance 2.2.1 Capaci&p/arming— Capacitydemandsshallbemonitoredandprojectionsoffuturecapacityrequirementsmadetoensurethat adequateprocessingpowerandstorageareavailable. 2.2.2 System acceptance — Acceptancecriteriafornewinformationsystems,upgradesandnewversionsshallbeestablished and suitabletestsofthesystemcarriedoutpriortoacceptance. 2.3 ProtectionAgainstMaliciousSotlwere 2.3.1 Controls against malicious soflware —Detectionendpreventioncontrolstoprotectagainstmalicioussothvrrreandappropriate userawarenessproceduresshallbeimplemented. 2.4 Housekeeping 2.4.1 hrformation back-up — Back-upcopiesofessentialbusinessinformationandsoftwareshallbetakenregularly. 2.4.2 Operator logs — Operationalstaffshallmaintainalogoftheiractivities. 2.4,3 Fault logging — Faultsshallbereportedandcorrectiveactiontaken. 2.5 NetworkManagement 2.5.1 Network controls — Arangeofcontrolsshallbeimplementedtoachieveandmaintainsecurityinnetworks 2.6 MediaHandlingandSecurity 2.6.1 Management ofremovable computer media —Themanagementofremovablecomputermedia,suchastapes,disks,casscttcs andprintedreportsshallbecontrolled. 2.6.2 Disposal ofmedia —Mediashallbedisposedoffsecurelyandsafelywhennolongerrequired. 2.6.3 Information lrandlingprocedures — Proceduresforthehandlingandstorageofinformationshallbeestablished inorderto protectsuchinformationtlomunauthorizeddisclosureormisuse. 5Is 15150:2002 Table 1(Continued) Ref No. InformationSecurityControls 2.6.4 Security o~sys~emdocumentation — Systemdocumentationshallbeprotectedfromunauthorizedaccess. 2.7 Exchangesoftnformation andSoftwwe 2.7.1 Information and software exchange agreenrents — Agreements,someofwhichmaybe formal,shallbeestablished forthe electronicormanualexchangeofinformationandsoftwarebetweenorganization. 2.7.2 Securi@ ofmedia intransit — Mediabeingtransportedshallbeprotectedfromunauthorizedaccess,misuseorcorruption, 2.7.3 Electronic commerce securi~ —Electroniccommerceshallbeprotectedagainstfraudulentiwdvity,contractdisputeanddisclosure ormodificationofinformation. 2,7,4 Secrmify ofelectrorric mail — Apolicyfortheuseofelectronicmailshallbedevelopedandcontrolsoutinplacetoredum! securityriskscreatedbyelectronicmail. 2.7.5 Securi& ojelectrorric ofjice sys(enrs— Policiesandguidelinesshallbepreparedandimplementedto60@rolthebusinessand securityrisksassociatedwithelectronicot%eesystems, 2.7.6 Publicaly available systems —Thereshallbeaformalauthorizationprocessbeforeinformationismadepubliclyavailableand theintegrityofsuchinformationshallbeprotectedtopreventunauthorizedmodification. 2.7.7 O/her forms ofinformation exchange — Proceduresandcontrolsshallbeinplacetoprotecttheexchange ofinformation throughtheuseofvoice,facsimileandvideocommunicationsfacilities,mobilephones,satellitephones,wapdevices,etc. J 3 AccessControl $ 3.1 BusinessRequirementsforAccessControl 3.1.1 Access controlpolicy— Businessrequirementsforaccesscontrolshallbedefinedanddocumented,andaccessshallberestricted towhatisdefinedintheaccesscontrolpolicy. 3.2 UserAccessManagement 3.2.1 Userregistration —Thereshallbeaformaluserregistratiomandthede-registrationprocedureforgrantingaccesstoallmulti- userinformationsystemsandservices. 3.2.2 Privilegemanagement — Theallocationanduseofprivilegesshallberestrictedandcontrolled. 3.2.3 Userpassword management —Theallocationofpasswordsshallbecontrolledthroughaformalmanagementprocess. 3.2.4 Review ofuser access rights — aformalprocessshallbeconductedatregularintervalstoreviewusers’accessrights. 3.3 UserResponsibilities 3.3.1 Password use— Usersshallberequiredtofollowgoodsecuritypracticesintheselectionanduseofpasswords. 3.3.2 Unattended user equipment — Usersshallberequiredtoensurethatunattendedequipmenthasappropriateprotection. 3.4 NetworkAccessControl 3.4.1 Policy onuseofnehvorkservices— Usersshallonlyhavedirectaccesstotbeservicesthattheyhavebeenspecificallyauthorized touse. 3.4.2 Enforcedpath —Thepathfromtheuserterminaltothecomputerserviceshallbecontrolled. 3.4.3 User authentication for external connections —Accessbyremoteusersshallbesubjecttoauthentication. .- 3.4,4 Nodeauthentication — Connectionstoremotecomputersystemsshallbeauthenticated. ,.-. ,. 3.4.5 Remote diagnosticportpratection —Accesstodiagnosticpartsshallbesecurelycontrolled. 4, 3.4.6 Segregation innetworks — Controlsshallbeintroducedinnetworkstosegregategroupsofinformationservices, usersand informationsystems. 3.4.7 Neiwork connection control— Theconnectioncapabilityofusersshallberestrictedinsharednetworks,inaccordancewiththe accesscontrolpolicy. 3.4,8 Network routing control— Sharednetworksshallhaveroutingcontrolstoensurethatcomputerconnectionsandinformation flowsdonotbreachtheaccesscontrolpolicyofthebusinessapplications. 3.4.9 Securi& ofnerwork services — Acleardescriptionofthesecurityattributesofallnetworkservicesusedbytheorganization shallbeprovided. 3.5 OperatingSystemAccessControl 3.5.1 Automaric terminal identification —Automaticterminalidentificationsshallbeusedtoauthenticateconnectionstospecitic locationsandtoportableequipment. 3.5.2 Terminal log-on procedures —Accesstoinformationservicesshalluseasecurelog-onprocess. 3.5.3 User ident~jlcation andauthentication —Allusersshallhaveauniqueidentifier(userid)fortheirphonal andsoleusesotlwt activitiescanbetracedtotheresponsibleindividual. ,., “ 3.5.4 Password management system —Apasswordmanagementsystemshallbeinplacetoprovideaneffective,interactiveftscilily whichensuresqualitypasswords. ..$ 3.5.5 Useofsystem utilities — Useofsystemutilityprogrammedshallberestrictedandtightlycontrolled. 3.5.6 Duress alarm tosafeguard users — Duressalarmsshallbeprovidedforuserswhomightbethetargetofcoercion. 3.5.7 Terminal time-out — Inactiveterminalsinhighrisklocationsorservinghighrisksystemsshallshutdownafteradefinedperiod ofinactivitytopreventaccessbyunauthorizedpersons. 3.5.8 Limitation ofcmrneclion time— Restrictionsonconnectiontimesshallbeusedtoprovideadditionalsecurityforhigh-risk applications. 3.6 ApplicationAccessControl 3.6.1 Information access restriction —Accesstoinformationandapplicationsystemfunctionsshallberestrictedinaccordancewith theaccesscontrolpolicy. 3.6.2 Sensitive system isolation — Sensitivesystemsshallhaveadedicated(isolated)computingenvironment. 6IS 15150:2002 Table 1(Concluded) Ref No. InformationSecurityControls 3.7 MonitoringSystemAccessandUse 3.7.1 Eventlogging— Auditlogsrecordingexceptionsandothersecurity-relevanteventsshallbeproducedandkeptforanagreed periodtoassi~infiture investigationsandaccesscontrolmonitoring. 3.7.2 Monitoring system use— Proceduresformonitorinugseofinformatiopnrocessinfgacilitiesshallbeestablisheadndtheresult ofthemonitoringactivitierseviewedregularly. 3.7.3 Clock ~rrchrorrizatiorr — Computerclocksshallbesynchronizedforaccuraterecording. 3.8 MobileComputingandTeleworking 3.8.1 Mobile comprding — Aformalpolicyshallbeinplaceandappropriatecontrolsshallbeadoptedtoprotectagainsttherisks01’ workingwithmobilecomputingfacilities,inparticularinunprotectedenvironments. 3.8.2 Teleworking— Policiesandproceduresshallbedevelopedtoauthorizeandcontrolteleworkingactivities. 3.9 Securityof ThirdPartyaccess 3.9.1 ldenrtfication ofrisksfrom flrirdpar~ access — Thelisks associatedwithaccesstoorganizational information processing facilitiesbythirdpartiesshallbeassessedandappropriatesecuritycontrolsimplemented. 3.9.2 Security requirements inthirdpar~ contracts — Arrangements involvingthirdpartyaccesstoorganizational information processingfacilitiesshallbebasedonaformalcontractcontainingallnecessarysecurityrequirements. 3.10 OutSourcing 3.10.1 Securi@ requirements inoulsourcing contracts— Thesecurityrequirementsofanorganizationorrtsourcingthemanagement andcontrolofallorsomeofitsinformationsystems,networksand/ordesktopenvironmentsshallbeaddressedinacontrac( agreedbetweentheparties, 4 SystemsDevelopment andMaintenance 4.1 ControlofImplementationofSothvrweandOperationalSystem 4.1,1 Securi& requirements analysis andspec@cation —Businessrequirementsfornewsystems,orenhaneemerrtstoexistingsystems shal1specifytherequirementsforcontrols. 4.2 SecurityinApplicationSystems 4.2.1 Input data validation — Datainputtoapplicationsystemsshallbevalidatedtoensurethatitiscorrectandappropriate. 4,2,2 Controlofinterrralprocessing— Validationchecksshallbeincorporatedintosystemstodetectcorruptionofthedataprocessed. 4.2.3 Message authentication — Message authentication shallbeusedforapplications wherethere isasecurity requirement to protecttheintegrityofthemessagecontent. 4,2.4 Output data validation — Dataoutputfromanapplicationsystemshallbevalidatedtoensurethattheprocessing ofstored informationiscorrectandappropriatetothecircumstances. 4.3 CryptographicControls 4.3.1 Policy orItheuseofc~ptograplric controls — Apolicyontheuseofcryptographiccontrolsfortheprotectionofinformation shallbedevelopedandfollowed. 4,3,2 Encryption—Encryptionshallbeappliedtoprotecttheconfidentialityofsensitiveorcriticalinformation. 4.3.3 Digits/signatures — Digitalsignaturesshallbeappliedtoprotecttheauthenticityandintegrityofelectronicinformation. 4.3.4 Non-repudiation services —Non-repudiationservicesshallbeusedtoresolvedisputesaboutoccurrenceornon-occurrence[~1’ aneventoraction. 4.3.5 Keymanagement — Akeymanagementsystembasedonanagreedsetofstandards,proceduresandmethodsshallbeused10 supporttheuseofcryptographictechniques. 4.4 SecurityofSystemFiles 4.4.1 Control ofoperationalsojhvure —Controlshallbeappliedtotheimplementationofsothvareonoperationalsystems. 4.4,2 Protection ofsystem testdata — Testdatashallbeprotectedandcontrolled. 4.4.3 Access control toprogram source library— Strictcontrolshallbemaintainedoveraccesstoprogramsourcelibraries. 4.5 SecurityinDevelopmentandSupportProcesses 4.5,1 Change controlprocedures —Theimplementationofchangesshallbestrictlycontrolledbytheuseofformalchangecontrol procedurestominimizethecorruptionofinformationsystems, 4.5.2 Technical review ofoperating~$tem changes— Applicationsystemsshallbereviewedandtestedwhenchangesoccur. 4.5.3 Restrictions onchanges tosoftwarepackages— Modificationstosotlwarepackagesshallbediscouragedandessentialchaogcs shallbemadethrough controlprocedures. 4,5.4 Covertchannels and trojan code —Thepurchase,useandmodificationofsoftwareshallbecontrolledandcheckedtoprotect againstpossiblecovertchannelsandtrojancode. 4.5.5 0utsourcedsoj2ware development —Controlsshallbeappliedtosecureoutsourcedsoftwaredevelopment. 7Is 15150:2002 7.3 Business Continuity Management An audit programme shall be planned taking into consideration the importance ofthe selected controls, A business continuity management process shall be result of risk assessment as well as the results of implemented to reduce the disruption caused by previous audits. The audit criteria, scope, frequency disasters and security failures to an acceptable level and methods shall be defined. through a combination of preventive and recovery controls. Thisprocess shallinclude controIstoidentify Selectionofauditors andconduct ofaudits shallensure and reduce risks, limit the consequences ofdamaging objectivity and impartiality of the audit process. incidents, and ensure timely resumption of essential Auditors shall not audit their own work. operations. Theresponsibilities andrequirements forplanning and The consequences of disasters, security failures and conducting audits, and for reporting results and . lossofservice shallbesuitably analyzed. Contingency maintaining records (see 4.2.4) shall be documented. plans, as necessary, shall be developed and imple- mented to ensure that the business operations can be The management responsible for the area being restored within the required time scale. Such plans audited shall ensure that actions are taken without shall be maintained, practiced and kept up-to-date to undue delaytoeliminate detected nonconformities and ensure their continuing effectiveness. their causes. Follow-up activities shall include the verification of the actions taken and the reporting of 7.4 Compliance with Legal Requirements verification results. Organization shallidentify alltheapplicable statutory, 8.2.2 Technical Compliance Checking regulatory and contractual requirements concerning the design, operation, use and management of The organization shall apply suitable methods for information systems,whichmayincludethefollowing: monitoring the technical compliance of the infor- mation processing facilities and operational systems. a) Intellectual property rights (IPR), These methods shall demonstrate the ability of the b) Safeguarding of organizational records, information processing facilities and operationa I c) Data protection and privacy of personal systems to perform asdesired. When planned resuIts information, arenotachieved, correction andcorrective action shalI d) Prevention of misuse of information be taken, as appropriate. Audit requirements and processing facilities, activities involving checks on information processin: / e) Collection of evidence for legal action, and facilities and operational systems shall be carefully planned to minimize risk of disruptions to normal f) Regulation of cryptographic controls. business.Accesstooperational systemaudittools shalI 8MONITORING, REVIEW ANDIMPROVEMENT be restricted to protect any possible misuse or compromise. 8.1 General 8.2.3 Incident Handling The organization shall plan and implement the monitoring, review and improvement steps needed: Securityincidentsandmalfunctions shallbemonitored and appropriate action initiated. Incidents affecting a) to ensure conformity of the Information the security shall be reported through appropriate Security Management System to security management channels as quickly as possible. AII requirements, and personnel concerned shall be made aware of the b) to continually improve the effectiveness of proceduresforreporting thedifferenttypesofincidents the Information Security Management (security breach, threat, weakness ormalfunction) that System. might have an impact on the information security. 8.2 Monitoring The organization shall establish aformal disciplinary process for dealing with personnel who commit 8.2.1 Internal Audit of ISMS security breaches. The organization shall conduct internal audits of the ISMS at planned intervals to determine its: 8.3 Analysis of Data a) conformance to the requirements of this The organization shall determine, collect and analyze standard and to the Information Security appropriate data to demonstrate the suitability and Management System requirements effectiveness oftheInformation Security Management established by the organization, and System andtoevaluate where continual improvement b) effective implementation and maintenance. of the Information Security Management System can 8 .,IS 15150:2002 be made. This shall include data generated as aresult a) teviewing security incidents, of monitoring and review and from other relevant b) determining the causes of security incidents, sources. c) evaluating the need for action to ensure that security incidents do not recur, Theanalysis ofdata shallprovide information relating to: d) determining and implementing action needed, a) conformance to security requirements; and e) records of the results of action taken b) trends such as user behaviour, capacity (see 4.2.4), and utilization, network traffic to determine o reviewing corrective action taken. opportunities for preventive action. &4.3 Preventive Action 8.4 Improvement The organization shall determine action to eliminate 8.4.1 Continual Improvement the causes of potential security incidents in order to prevent their occurrence. Preventive actions shall be The organization shall continually improve the appropriate to the effects of the potential problems. effectiveness oftheInformation SecurityManagement System through the use of the information security Adocumented procedure shallbeestablished todefine requirements for: policy, audit results, analysis of data, corrective and preventive actions and management review. a) determining potential security incidents and their causes, 8.4.2 Corrective Action b) evaluating the need for action to prevent The organization shall take action to eliminate the occurrence of security incidents, cause of security incidents in order to prevent c) determining and implementing action recurrence. Corrective actions shall be appropriate to needed, the effects of the security incidents encountered. d) records of results of action taken (see 4.2.4), Adocumented procedure shallbeestablished todefine and requirements for: e) reviewing preventive action taken.(Continuedjiom second cover) PLAN Threats, unforeseen events, incidents, (cid:228) Risk assessment and technological selection of controls changes etc. Implement Update and DO ACT ISMS improve ISMS I reviewISMS w CHECK FIG. 1 MODEL OFA RISK-BASED INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM While preparing this standard, assistance has been taken from BS 7799 (Part 2) :1999 issued by the British Standards Institution. Extracts from BS 7799 (Part 2) :1999 are included and reproduced with the permission of the British Standards Institution under licence number 2002SK/O122. Hard copies of British Standards are available from BSI Customer Services, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL, United Kingdom. IBureau of Indian Standards BIS isa statutow institution established under the Bureau ofIndian Standards Act, 1986topromote harmonious & development of the activities of standardization, marking and quali~ certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright 1,, ; BIS has the copyright of all its publications, No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form j’ without the prior permission in writing ofBIS.This doesnotpreclude thefreeuse, inthe courseofimplementing \, the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards asthe need arises on the basis ofcomments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments isreaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it istaken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards shouid asccrtain that they are inpossession ofthe latest.amendments oredition byreferring tothe latest issue of ‘BlSCataloguc’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. LTD 38 (1973). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date ofIssue Text Affected [ BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS .! Headquarters: :., Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NewDelhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha [ Telephones: 3230131, 3233375, 3239402 (Common to all ofllces) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur ShahZafar Marg 3237617,3233841 1 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : 1/14,C.I.T.SchemeVIIM,V.I.P. Road,Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 KOLKATA 700054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IVCrossRoad, CHENNAI 600113 2541216,2541442 {2542519,2541315 ? Western : Manakalaya, E9MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295, 832785S MUMBAI 400093 {8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL.BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPLIR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printedd SimcoPrintingPress,Delhi
1477_1.pdf	IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PAINTING OF FERROUS METALS IN BUILDINGS PART I PRETREATMENT ( First Revision ) Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishes Sectional Committee, BDC 34 Chairman Representing SHRX B. SHIRAZI Cole Paints & Contracts Pvt Ltd, Bombay Members SHRI S. K. ANAND Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI V. V. SASIDARAN ( Alternate ) SHRI N. S. BHARATIA Blundell Eomite Paints Ltd, Bombay SBRI C. J. BRUMKAR The Indian Paints Association, Calcutta SHRI T. K. S. MANI ( Alternate) SHRI S. K. BOSE National Test House, Calcutta SHRI K. C. SEAL ( Alternate) SHRI P. K. CHAKRAVA~T~ Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SRRI G. S. SAVKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI K. R. CHANDRASHEKHAR Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi SHRI V. 1. PATIL ( Alternate ) CHEMIST AND ME~ALLURQIST Ministry of Railways &~:,%:’ “,~:::A&:: CHITTARANJAN ) SHRI B. CHOWDIA~ Ministry of Shipping and Transport SHRI A. K. DAS GUPTA Public Works Department, Government of West Bengal DIREOTOR I 1n \d ian Lac Research Institute ( CSIR ), Ranchi SHRI SHRAVAN KUMAR (Alter mare 1 DR V. M. DOERAS Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRIMA~I S. GURUSWAMY Curzon & Co, Madras Sam HAZARI LAL MARWAE Central Builders’ Association, New Delhi SRRI K. P. MUKHERJEE National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ), Jamshedpur SRRI S. V. NATHAN Goodlas Nerolac Paints Pvt Ltd, Bombay DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI 0. P. RATRA ( Altcrnatc) ( Continued on page 2 ) INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 1IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Rgrcsenting SHRI B. S. RAWAT Forest Research Institute and Colleges, Dehra Dun SHRI P. B. SHAH Asian Paints Co (India) Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. M. SIN~H Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee DR R. K. SUD Nagrath Paints Pvt Ltd, Kanpur SUPERINTENDINQ SURVEYOR OF Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS ( SOUTE WESTERN ZONE ), BOMBAY SURVEYOR OF WORKS I AT- TAOKED TO THE OFBICE OB SSW ( NEW DELHI ZONE ), NEW DELHI ( Alternate) SHRI Y. S. SWAXY Imperial Chemical Industries (India) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI D. AJITHA SI~HA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&io Mcmbcr ) Director ( Civ Engg ) secretary SHRI L. RAMACHANDRA RAO Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 2IS : 1477 ( Part I) - 1971 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR PAINTING OF FERROUS METALS IN BUILDINGS PART I PRETREATMENT ( First Revision ) _ 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part I) (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution~on 26 March 1971, after the draft finalized by the Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 The Part I covers the details of pretreatment to be provided at factory and/or at site to the ferrous metals before they are actually painted and the Part II covers details of painting and paint schedules for ferrous sur- faces. These two parts are intended to give guidance for obtaining good protection to ferrous surfaces by painting under general atmospheric conditions. 0.3 This Standard (Part I ) is now being revised taking into account the experience gained in this field during the-past decade. The salient features of the revision of this part are as follows: a) Pretreatment to be provided to the ferrous metals at factory and/ or at site are covered in greater detail, and b) Details of sand-blasting are covered. 0.4 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, ex- pressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( re~iscd ). 3IS : 1477 ( Part I) - 1971 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part I) covers in detail the pretreatment to be provided to ferrous surfaces in buildings before painting under general atmospheric conditions. 2. TERMINOLO%Y 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions of terms given in IS : 1303-1963* in addition to those in 2.1 and 2.2 shall apply. 2.1 White Metal ( with Reference to Sand-Blasting Operations ) - A surface with grey white, uniform metallic colour, slightly roughened to form a suitable anchor pattern for coatings. The surface, when viewed without magnification, shall be free of visible mill scale, rust, corrosion, oxides, paint or other foreign matter. 2.2 Shadow -Shadows on the metal surface with reference to sand- blasting operations caused by the incomplete removal of the grey binder between the mill scale and the steel, but having no particular detrimental effect. 3. NECESSARY INFORMATION 3.1 For efficient planning and execution, detailed data and information as given below shall be taken into account while painting ferrous metals: a) The condition of the metal surface and the presence of harmful materials on it (scale, rust, moisture, greasy dirts, salts, etc); b) Environments in which the paint coating will have to function; and c) Information on the nature of previous finish is desirable for repainting during maintenance. 4. DESIGN CONSH)ERATIONS 4.1 The surfaces to be painted should be accessible, suitable for priming and affording maximum protection throughout the life of the paint. 4.1.1 Metal surfaces should be either painted and butted together or kept sufficiently far from each other or from a wall to permit painting. This particularly applies to back-to-back angle irons in trusses. 4.1.2 Contact faces of meta should be suitably welded, brazed or adequately bedded with suitable gap-filling jointing compound. Buried or hidden faces should be protected from corrosion by priming and applying a further coat of protective paint. Sharp edges shall be slightly rounded to avoid paintreceding from them. Glossary of terms dating to paints ( ravisrd ). 4IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 4.1.3 Suitable arrangements shall be made for proper drainage to prevent collection of rain water which would cause rusting of ferrous surfaces. 5. SURFACE PREPARATION AND PRETREATMENT 5.1 Pretreatment and priming of ferrous metals under controlled conditions of the factory gives the best results and it is therefore advisable to adopt this method whenever possible. The object of such treatment is to preserve and maintain the metal surface during transport, storage and erection and to minimize the ‘ on site ’ preparation for final painting. Much will depend upon the time between the factory treatment and erection, the care with which the materials have been stored and handled during that period, and the protective quality of the treatment applied. I 5.1.1 Application of a suitable priming coat should follow pretreatment without delay. Subsequent coats of paint may be applied on the site after cleaning down any damaged parts and touching up with the primer paint. 6. FACTORY PRETREATMENT l 6.1 Removal of Oil, Grease, Dirt and Scarf-Generally, the application of any coating, lining material, adhesive or paint, requires as its first essential a perfectly clean surface which is of very great importance while dealing with the painting of ferrous metals. Steel is normally supplied covered with oil and grease either as a protective layer to pre- vent corrosion or as a left-over from machining and handling. The customary procedure of applying a so-called ‘shop coat’ of paint after fAbrication which consists of wiping the surface with oily cotton waste left-over from other operations, defeats the purpose of painting at the start. Any paint coat applied on greasy or oily steel surfaces will lack proper adhesion and will lead to the failure of the paint film. It is, therefore, essential that even the minute traces of grease and oil are removed prior to the application of any paint. Grease removal shall be carried out either with solvent-type or alkali-type degreasing agents. The material used is not so important as the final result which shall be a thoroughly clean surface without any oil, grease or alkali left-over. 6.1.1 Solvent Cleaning-There are numerous proprietary brands of solvent, alkaline and emulsion clea;ers available; where these are used the manufacturer’s instructions should be followed. 6.1.1.1 Petroleum-solvent cleaning -These methods relate to the use of petroleum solvents, such as kerosene and mineral turpentine ( white spirit ) for the removal of oil, grease, dirt and swarf from unit parts or simple assemblies having easily accessible surfaces. Petroleum solvents may also be applied to the ‘ in situ ’ cleaning of large units, assemblies or machinery which cannot be accommodated in degreasing equipment. PetroleumIS : 1477 ( Part I) - 1971 solvent should not be used for assemblies containing fabric, rubber, or other non-metallic materials, unless it is known that no harm will result. The petroleum solvent cleaning shall be carried out in accordance with the detailed procedure given in IS: 6005-1970. The following precautions should be taken during petroleum solvent cleaning process: a) Handling precautions- Articles should be placed on hooks or racks or in suitable containers that permit adequate draining. They should not be handled with bare hands after cleaning; clean gloves or similar protection should be used and handling kept to a minimum. b) Safep precautions- Petroleum solvents should be used at room temperature and suitable exhausts and fire extinguishers should be provided, as these solvents are flammable. Oil-resisting synthetic rubber gloves should be worn when handling articles during cleaning, to protect the articles from sweat residues and to avoid any possible effect of the solvent on the skin. Care should be taken to avoid breathing the petroleum solvent vapour. 6.1.1.2 Trichloroethylene cleaning-This method relates to surface cleaning with the trichloroethylene solvent. Trichloroethylene degreasing should not be used on assemblies containing fabric, rubber or other non- metallic materials unless it is known that no harm will result. The procedure to be followed shall be in accordance with the details given in IS:6005-1970. The following precautions should be taken during trichloroethylene cleaning process: a) Handling precautions - During processing, the articles should be placed on hooks or racks or in a suitable container. They should be so arranged that there is adequate opportunity for the solvent to drain from holes, crevices and other irregularities. After cleaning, articles should not be handled with bare hands; clean gloves or similar protection should be used. b) Safety precautions - Thrichloroethylene is a toxic substance and therefore, care should be taken to avoid breathing the vapour near degreasing equipment. Trichloroethylene is non-inflammable, but flames may cause decomposition of the solvent vapour with the production of harmful acidic g&es; therefore, they should not be allowed near degreasing equipment. 6.1.2 Alkaline Cleaning- Alkaline solutions are good degreasing agents but as they are usually injurious to the skin, they should not be used except in process tanks, The exception is trisodium phosphate, a very mild alkali which is a good cleaning medium. This material may be used for - Co& of practice for phosphating of iron and steel.IS : 1477 j Part I) - 1971 degreasing at site as well as in the workshop. Caution is necessary and thorough rinsing shall be ensured when porous articles or parts and assemblies that tend to trap the solution are cleaned in alkaline cleaners. The two methods of alkaline cleaning, namely, the immersion and the spray-degreasing process shall be carried out in accordance with the detailed procedure given in IS : 6005-1970. Immersion cleaning is the commonly used method of degreasing. Spray treatment may be adopted where the volume of production is high or the surface contamination is predominant. 6.1.3 Emulsion Cleaning-These are neither single or diphase cleaners of oil-water emulsion type. They contain very little alkali but rely on powerful emulsifying agents and hydrocarbons to remove grease. While they cannot be compared to heavy-duty cleaners based on caustic soda, they are very satisfactory for most cleaning jobs. Emulsion cleaning is particularly preferred before phosphadng as it subsequently leaves a fine-textured phosphate coating. Besides, its operating temperature is generally lower than that of heavy-duty alkaline cleaners. Emulsion cleaners may be applied both by spray and dip, though the former is more common. Emulsion cleaners should be correctly formulated, otherwise emulsion stability will pose problems. There are several proprietary products and manufacturer’s instructions should be followed for their operation to get best results. 6.1.3.1 Equipment-Emulsion cleaners may be used in simple mild steel tanks for dip applications or mechanized power-spray plants for spray application. 0 6.1.4 Other Methods of Cleaning-There dare other methods of cleaning, such as electrolytic cleaning and steam cleaning. These methods are seldom used for cleaning of ferrous metals in buildings. For details of procedure for carrying out these processes, IS : 6005-1970* may be referred. * 6.1.5 Prevention of Contamination - After degreasing has been completed, if no derusting or descaling is required, the selected paint coat shall be applied immediately, preferably without touching the-surface with bare hands which may be slightly greasy even when quite clean. This may not always be possible; nevertheless, care shall be taken to prevent the surface from getting recontaminated. t 6.2 Removal of Rust and Scale- When steel leaves the rolling mill, it has a firmly-adhering skin known as ‘mill scale ‘. The continuous fresh layer of mill scale is in itself a good protection against corrosion of the underlying steel. However, on exposure to the atmosphere, mill scale Code of practice for phosphating of iron and steel. 7IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 absorbs moisture~and commences to work itself loose allowing moisture to penetrate between the scale and the steel and resulting in rust formation. Old steel, which has been kept for a long time in the open, has heavy layers of rust formed on its surface. If paint is applied on the layers of rust or loose mill scale, rusting continues almost to the same extent as if there was no paint, with the added disadvantage that over heavy layers of paint progressive corrosion is not easily detected. Derusting and descaling are the essential preparations required prior to the application of any type of coating on iron and steel. There is considerable difference between the condition of a new steel which requires painting and old steel which has been allowed to weather and rust, and the approach to each problem is different. Generally, derusting and descaling of steel may be carried out either mechanically or chemically. 6.2.1 Mechanical Cl.taning-This may be done by scraping, chipping, / wire-brushing, rubbing with abrasive paper or steel wool, by flame I cleaning and sand- or shot-blasting. New steel that is to be painted has normally a surface partly rusted and partly comprising of firmly adhering mill scale. Once the firmly-adhering mill scale has broken, it is extremely difficult to determine whether the remaining mill scale is adhering firmly enough to be left on the surface or should be removed. For ordinary working conditions, it is practically impossible to remove firmly-adhering mill scale by any hand operation. Any specification, which requires the cleaning or removing of mill scale or rust by ‘ scraping ‘, sand-papering, chipping, wire-brushing, etc, shall, therefore, be understood to mean that firmly adhering mill scale will not be removed and that the surface finally obtained will not give optimum protection against rust at a later date. While this refers to reasonably new steel which has been protected against excessive weathering in a yard or workshop, quite often very old steel is used on construction or in manufacturing processes where heavy rust or scale has formed. This type of scale consists of numerous layers of rust or chemically broken down steel and isnot the same as the thin layer of mill scale. The difference is obvious in appearance; while mill scale is bluish- black in colour, rust scale is rusty-brown in colour. Such rust and scale can usually be removed completely with a scraper or a chipping hammer or both. If complete removal of all types of mill scale is required ( which is the best preparation) the only really efficient mechanical method of doing this is by sand-blasting or shot-blasting (see Appendix A). 6.2.1.1 Hand-scraping/-The correct procedure shall be to scrape thoroughly with a hand scraper followed by wire-brushing (first with coarse and then with fine wire-brushes), and finally sand-papering the surface with coarse sand paper (No. 3) steelwood (No. 2) or emery paper (No. 3 ) or emery cloth. This will give a reasonable assurance that no loose mill scale or heavy rust is left on the surface. For purpose of examination, the hand cleaned surface shall be wiped finally with mineral turpentine, which also removes grease and perspiration left by handmarks. 8 .IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 6.2.1.2 Scrabing with mechanical power tools -Appreciably better results than by hand scraping may be obtained by employing power-operated wire-brushes, although it may not be possible to remove firmly-adhering mill scale even with this type of tool. The use of chipping hammers is restricted only to old rust. &_ 3:2 6.2.3 Flame Cleaningl Flame cleaning is carried out with the help of a special oxy-acetylene torch. The mill scale is rapidly heated while the underlying steel remains comparatively cold. Because of the difference in expansion between the heated mill scale and the bulk of the steel, the scale will become loose and will either fall off or be easily removed with a wire-brush. As only heating of the scale without heating of the steel itself will ensure complete removal of any firmly-adhering mill scale, it is obvious that this work requires considerable skill and is, therefore, limited to carefully trained labour. While flame cleaning is restricted to heavy steel, as it may lead to buckling of light gauge material, it shall always be ensured that the number of passes the oxy-acetylene flame makes over a surface does not exceed 3. The primer coat of paint shall be applied immediately after the flame cleaning has been carried out when the surface is still warm. This alone will assure the absence of any moisture on the metal surface and, therefore, a perfect adhesion of the paint to the steel. Any minor scale, which correct~flame cleaning has not removed after wire- brushing, may be left in position as the potential corrosive effect of this residual scale is nullified by its having been completely dehydrated. 6.2.3.1 Flame cleaning is not suitable for use in confined spaces where there is a fire risk, or where inflammable materials adjoin the surfaces being cleaned. 6.2.4 Sand- Blasting and Shot- Blasting: The process of sand-blasting or shot-blasting is the most thorough system of cleaning steel. The principle is to imping under pressure of air, a jet of sharp sand or granulated steel ( steel grit) on to the metal surface, removing in the process any rust and scale, including firmly-adhering mill scale. A steel surface properly cleaned by sand-blasting may be immediately recognized by its silver-grey surface and the criterion for good sand-blasting or shot-blasting is the even colour ofthe surface so cleaned. An air compressor with a displacement of 4.5 ms will suffice for the work, but a compressor giving about 5.5 ma of air would give faster results. Details of sand-blasting and shot-blasting equipment, hoppers, hoses, attachments, etc, are given in Appendix A. Many of these are either readily available or may be built locally. Sand- blasting is injurious to the labour carrying out this work. Suitable spray masks shall, therefore, be worn by workmen to prevent them from inhaling silica sand dust, which may lead to silicosis. River sands which are hard and sharp are most suitable for sand-blasting. The criterion shall be-that the sand is free from loam and mud, and is sharp and hard. The high 9IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 cost of steel shot restricts its application to a shop where shot-blasting or sand-blasting cabinets can be used. The cost of sand-blasting is approxi- mately equivalent to the cost of a first class 4-coat paint job but this extra expense is fully ,justified as with a reasonable cycle of repainting the finishing coat only, it will not be necessary to clean the steel to bare metal at a subsequent date, and the protection against corrosion will be optimum. Precautions shall be taken when sand- or shot-blasting light gauge steel to see that buckling does not occur as a result of continuous impingement of sand or steel shots under high velocity. 6.2.4.1 In areas, where presence of inflammable vapours is a possibility, such as near petrol tanks in oil terminals or refineries, special non-sparking wire-brushes, chipping hammers and scrapers shall be used. Precautions with regard to sand-blasting operations in inflammable areas shall be observed in accordance with Appendix R. J 6.2.5 CIIPmical Cleaning ( Pickling) 6.2.5.1 Sul@wic-, &drochloric- or phosphoric-acid pickling- Where descaling is required to be done chemically, pickling in any of the above acids is necessary. It also removes rust. Pickling shall be carried out in accordance with the detailed procedure given in IS : 6005-I 970. 6.2.5.2 After chemical cleaning in any of the acids given in 6.2.5.1,t he articles shall he thoroughly washed to remove all traces of acid. This shall be done in 2 or 3 successive water immersion baths or by water- power jets. The washing may also be carried out by alternate use of immersion bath and water-power jets. After removal of the pickled steel from the washing bath, a fine layer of rust (oxide j will immediately form. This may be prevented by dipping the steel into a 1 to 2 percent phosphoric acid solution which should be carefully rinsed off with clean water. A phosphoric acid wash shall not be used, however, if the articles are subsequently to be phosphated for rust-proofing and paint-bonding, and the phosphate wash should not be considered as a substitute for this. 6.2.5.3 Derusting in acids shall be handled with care in order to prevent excessive attack on as well as embrittlement of the metal. There are a number of proprietary products which prevent attack on steel by acid as well as metal embrittlement and the use of these products (known as ‘ Inhibitors ’ ), is recommended. , 6.2.6 Othv Derusting Systems- Just as in the case of degreasing, there are numerous other systems for the chemical and mechanical remove1 of rust, or scale. They include cleaning with tumbling barrels, polishing machines, etc. Code of practice for phosphating of iron and steel. 10IS: 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 6.3 Phosphate Treatment-The most widely used pretreatments for good adhesion of paint to metal surfaces as well as for the prevention of rust, are the numerous hot-tank phosphating processes. These are most popular!y.known under such trade names as ‘ Granodizing ‘, ‘ Bonderizing ‘, ’ Walterlzing’, etc. There are similar processes of cold application which are suitable for work at site, but they are not so effective as the hot-bath processes which are restricted to shop work. The phosphate treatment to ferrous surfaces shall be provided in accordance with IS:6005-1970”. , 6.4 Intermediate Protective Treatments-After the. preparation of ferrous surfaces and prior to the application of the protective and decorative paint finishes, a number of intermediate treatments such as red oxide primer or zinc rich primer may be adopted to give ferrous surfaces additional protection against corrosion. 1 6.5 Non-aqueous Phosphate Coatings -These are generally phosphate coatin,gs which form a self-sealing iron phosphate coating ,on the surface. These may be applied on a clean dry surface by brush, dip or spray both at factory and/or at site. ., 6.6 Etching or Wash Primers-This treatment is based on the deposition of an acid-bound resinous film on the ferrous surface in such a manner as to enhance the adhesion of subsequently applied paint coatings. The primer may be applied by brush, spray or dip. The film has good adhesion to the metal substrate. 4 7. ON-SITE PRETREATMENT 7.1 Surfaces Untreated or Protected with a Temporary Protective- These should be dealt with, at site, as given in 7.1.1 to 7.1.4. 7.1.1 Temporary protective materials applied to steel sheets to protect during storage, transport and erection should be removed with suitable solvent as a preliminary to other preparatory treatments. 7.1.2 Lubricants used in the rolling of steel sheets may be particularly tenacious and may have undesirable effects on paint adhesion. The use of abrasive paper watted with suitable solvent, is effective in removing the worst effects of these materials. Where joints are welded, soldered or brazed care should he taken to remove fluxing material before painting. This may be effected with a 10 percent aqueous solution of formic acid followed by thorough washing, or with suitable solvents. 7.1.3 In the case of heat hardened alloys the surface shall be treated by mechanical roughening combined by degreasing. Such work should be carried out as thoroughly as possible to ensure’that the paint will adhere Code of practice for phosphating of iron and steel. 11IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 well and give protection and durability. The surface should be well scraped or swabbed with a suitable solvent, and then abraded with abrasive paper and finally rinsed with successive portions of clean solvent on clean swabs. 7.1.4 Proprietary compositions may be used as recommended by the manufacturers to degrease and passivate or degrease and etch the surface, but care should be taken, unless the manufacturers specify otherwise, to remove all residues by wiping or washing where possible, before painting and also to ensure that the compositions do not contaminate other parts of the structure. 7.2 Surfaces Containing Temporary Protective; Scale, Rust, etc - Such surfaces should be dealt with, at site, as given in 7.2.1. 7.2.1 Temporary rust protectives will be removed as detailed in 8.1. Descaling may be done by machanical methods such as hand-scraping or shot-blasting or flame cleaning as suited to the job at site (for details, see 6.2.1). Where only derusting is to be done this may be done by a mechanical method or chemical method. Proprietary derusting compositions both in liquid and paste form are available for use at site and they may be used following the manufacturer’s instructions. 7.3 Surfaces Already Factory Pretreated and/or Primed -They should be carefully inspected and damaged areas should be thoroughly degreased by clean solvent swabbing, any corrosion products formed should be thoroughly removed and touched up with a coat of wash or etching primer on suitable chemical pretreatment solutions. The rectified areas should then be brought forward with appropriate primer, putty, finish coats, etc. 7.4 Solvent Cleaning-This shall be done in accordance with 6.1.1. 7.5 Brush Derusting With Phosphoric Acid or Proprietary Products - Apply phosphoric acid with a brush or swab, rubbing where necessary with a steel wcol pad, to assist rust removal. Keep the surface well wetted with the phosphoric acid. Wash off the phosphoric acid thoroughly after derusting paying particular attention to seams and crevices. Proprietary products are used following the manufacturers’ instructions. 7.6 Mechanical Cleaning- This shall be carried out in accordance with 6.2.1. 7.7 Etching or Wash Primers-This shall be done in accordance with 6.6. 12IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 i.8 Phosphating - Proprietary products, both aqueous and non-aqueous for phosphating ‘ in situ’ may’ be used following the manufacturers’ instructions. 8. PICTORIAL SURFACE PREPARATION STANDARDS FO-R PAINTING STEEL SURFACES 8.1 The effective life of the paint coating applied to a steel surface is to a very large extent dependent on how thoroughly the surface has been prepared prior to painting. It is also important to specify clearly the guality of preparation required in each particular case. Accordingly, four grades of rusting and a number of preparation grades, each establishing a quality grade of preparation prior to protective painting, required on a steel surface in a stated rust grade, have been specified. ~ 9. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY APPLICATION OF PAINTS 9.1 After completion of the precleaning, the ferrous surfaces shall be immediately painted unless a rust-proofing or other interim process is employed. In the latter case, the precleaning shall be followed imme- diately by that process. If, for instance, a sand-blasted piece of steel is left exposed in a coastal area for only 12 hours, slight rust formation would be visible and the iron oxide thus formed would readily absorb moisture from the humid atmosphere. Sand-blasted steel left exposed for any length of time would thus have to be retreated. In chemical cleaning, after removal of excess acids by thorough washing, the articles shall be imme- diately dried and painted. Correct timing is essential in all processes of preparation, when painting ferrous surfaces. APPENDIX A ( Clauses 6.2.1 and 6.2.4 ) SAND-BLASTING A-l. GENERAL A-I.1 Sand-BLasting - Sand-blasting produces an excellent surface for painting, and though, it may be initially more expensive than mother The standardized rust and preparation grades, are defined and presented in colour prints representing a full scale view of part of a surface in the SVENSK Standard SIS 055900-1967 ‘ Pictorial surface preparation standards for painting steel surfacea’ published by the Swedish Standards Institution. 13IS : 1477 ( Part I) - 1971 methods, it is very economical over a period of years. As with any other method, it can be performed to varying degrees of completion as described in A-1.2, A-1.3 and A-1.4. A-l.2 Blast Cleaning to White Metal-This gives a light grey steel surface of uniform appearance with complete removal of all corrosion products, mill scale, paint, etc. In this method, the abrasives are propelled through nozzles on to the surface. In general, it may be stated that, in this process, the sand-blasting shall be complete but it is not necessary to of produce a surface so uniformly blasted as to be free all shadows. A-1.3 Commercial Blast Cleaning-Commercial surface finish shall be free of visible mill scale, rust, corrosion oxides, paint or other foreign matter, but may not be free of ‘ shadows ‘. It may be produced at the rate of 15 to 25 m2/nozzle hour using a 8-mm nozzle at 7 kgf/cm2 pressure held approximately 450 mm from the surface. The actual rate of blasting to obtain a commercial finish is variable and is mainly dependent upon surface conditions (amount and degree of adhesion of mill scale, rust scale, etc ) and the type of surface (flat, curved, regular, irregular, etc). A-1.4 Brush Off Blast Cleaning-This is a relatively low-cost method of cleaning as compared to A-l.2 and is nearly the same as ‘commercial blast cleaning ’ except that the rate of application is so high that only a limited amount of mill scale and rust are removed. It is generally intended to supplant hand cleaning and power-tool cleaning methods where facilities are available for blast cleaning. The remaining mill scale, rust and paint shall be tight and the surface sufficiently abraded to provide satisfactory adhesion and bondimg of paint. The rate of cleaning for a plain or slightly curved surface is about 45 to 65 m2/nozzle hour. A-2. WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SAND-BLASTING EQUIPMENT A-2.1 Direct Pressure Sand-Blasting (Intermittent Type) (see Fig.1 A) -The pressure is supplied from a compressed air-pressure tank. The abrasive is stored in a pressure storage container in the form of a hopper; the air pressure is maintained on the surface of the abrasive so that it flows from the bottom of the hopper through a valve into the mixing chamber, where the compressed air carries it to the nozzle. Each time, the hopper gets empty, the compressed air valve is shut and the hopper recharged after unscrewing the top. A-2.1.1 The rate of flow of abrasive may be controlled by varying the air pressure. Normally, the best pressure to use in the equipment will be approximately 5 to 6 kgf/cm2 with a displacement of 5.6 to 7 ms/min, which gives a 25 to 30 m2/nozzle hour of commercially blasted area. 14IS : 1477 ( Fart I) - 1971 FiLLlNG LID-\ /ABRASIVE STORAGE HOPPER ABRASIVE CONTROL VALVE-\ AIR SUPPLY FLOW CONTROL /- P SAND H’OSE MIXING CONNECTION 1A INTERMITTENT TYPE TIMING VALVE MIXING CHAMBERI LHOiE 16 CONTINUOUS TYPE FIG. 1 ESSENTIALE LEMENTSO F SAND-BLASTINEGQ UIPMENT 15IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 A-2.2 Direct Pressure Sand-Blasting ( Continuous Type) (see Fig. lB)- This contains two storage compartments for the abrasive. During blasting operation, the abrasive is fed from the lower compartment, and the upper compartment may be filled with abrasive as and when required without disturbing the operation of the lower compartment. When the lower compartment needs filling, pressure is turned on to the upper compartment, which releases the valve between upper and lower compart- ments and also seals off the upper chamber from the feeding hopper above, and the abrasive feeds into the lower chamber from the upper one. When the air pressure is cut off to the upper chamber, the valve connecting itito the lower chamber is closed and the upper chamber is opened to the hopper at the top for feed of abrasive. The net result of this operation is the maintenance of a continuous supply of abrasive irrespective of the intermittent feedings to the upper chamber, and also an uninterrupted operation. A-2.3 Suction Feed Type of Blast Equipment-This equipment may be constructed or used for cleaning of welds, or small areas of ferrous surfaces. The equipment operates because of a vacuum which is created by compressed air passing through a small jet in the suction gun into an indllction chamber before passing through a larger nozzle. The induction chamber is connected by means of a suitable hose to the source of abrasive. The amount of abrasive that is sucked into the~equipment depends upon the vacuum created, the lift required, and the type of abrasive. Because of the limited amount of vacuum that may be created by the jet, the suction lift is decreased. Figure 2 illustrates the principles of operation of this type of equipment. Compressed air passes through the small jet and creates a vacuum. The static pressure in the larger nozzle is about 75 percent of that at the inlet of the smaller nozzle. Secondary air and abrasive are sucked into the feed hose from the inlet end near the hopper. The position of the hose at the hopper is moved forwards or backwards to vary the abrasive pickup until the most satisfactory operating condition is reached. In use, the unit may be operated by connecting to a source of air and dropp- ing the inlet end of the hose into a container of abrasive; sand is usually used in such operations. A-2.4 Closed Recirculating Blast System-This is similar to direct pressure blasting, but the abrasive is recollected by vacuum immediately wafter blasting. For this purpose, the blast nozzle is enclosed in a cornpart_ mental cup which has a brush seal at the bottom in order to control the abrasive flow and to prevent the escape of abrasive. A second hose from the cup leads recollected abrasive into the separator tank from which the abrasive is fed to the suction side of the blower. A-2.4.1 This type of blast cleaning may not require safety helmets, goggles and respirators which are necessary in the case of direct pressure sand-blasting. 16IS : 1477 ( Part I: ) - 1971 COMPRESSED ATMOSPHERIC FIG. 2 TYPICAL SUCTION BLAST-CLEANING EQUIPMENT A-3. NOZZLES A-3.1 These may be made out of steel pipe or may be fabricated from cast iron. The general shape may be as shown in Fig. 3. The type and size of job govern the size of the nozzle. The nozzle size is usually specified by the internal diameter of the throat. The size shall be selected considering \ the amount or type of work to be done, the volume of compressed air available, the pressure available, the size of sand or abrasive to be used, etc. Usually, the nozzle length is about 6 times the nozzle size. A-3.2 Distance -of Nozzle from Surface-The nozzle shall be held at the correct distance from the area being blasted and this distance will vary with the type of work being done. The closer the nozzle is held to the surface, the greater the impact of the particle and the more concentra- ted the blast stream. As the nozzle is moved away from the surface, the blast pattern widens and a greater area is covered. Trial and error will usually indicate the optimum distance at which the nozzle is held from the surface for the particular job and the rate at which it is traversed over the surface to obtain the required degree of surface cleanliness. 17IS : 1477 (Part I) - 1971 L6mm ‘$ ORIFICE -_I j---6mm THICK AIM All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 3 SAND-BLASTING NOZZLE A-3.3 Angle of the Nozzle with Regard to Surface-The angle of the nozzle to the work is also important. If the nozzle is held perpendicular to the surface, the operation becomes inefficient because of rebounding abrasives slowing down the abrasive emerging from the nozzle. In practice, it is best if the nozzle is held at an angle of approximately 30” to the vertical in order to undercut the material to be removed. A-3.4 Special Operations with Nozzle-For highly-pitted steel, the nozzle shall be rotated around its own axis in allplanes and held at various angles to ensure that the abrasive cleans out all the pores and interstices of the surface being blasted. A-3.5 In order to prevent blocking of the nozzle by the abrasive, the abrasive used shall generally be not larger than one-third the diameter of the nozzle. A-3.6 Short nozzles ( which are sometimes referred to as button or washer- nozzles ) produce a wide spreading of the abrasive in a large blast pattern. A-3.7 When a number of blast nozzles are operated from one blast tank, the blast hoses shall be of equal diameter and length to equalize the flow of abrasive and to ensure that the sand-blasted surfaces are cleaned to the same degree. A-4. HOSE A-4.1 The size of the air-supply line or hose is governed by the amount of air that is flow~ing and pressure drop that may be tolerated for the length of the hose used. 18IS: 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 A-5. ABRASIVES A-5.1 The types of abrasives that may be used in blasting operations shall be as follows: a) Metallic shot, which is approximately spherical in shape obtained from oxyacetylene~cutting or other industrial operations; b) Siliceous, containing free silica ( sand ); c) Synthetic, non-mettallic, containing silica; and d) Agricultural ( such as nut shells, corn husks, etc). A-5.2 Use of Metallic Shot - Metallic shots shall not be used on light sections, its use being limited to structural materials that can absorb its impact. A-5.2.1 Metallic grit is obtained by crushing shot and screening the grit into various sizes. Iron filing or tool-room filings may also be used as abrasives. The advantage of metallic-shot abrasives is that they cut deeper and faster and are efficient for the removal of scale and other hard surface deposits. A-5.3 Use of Siliceous Abrasives-These may consist of garnet, quartz, silica or decomposed rock. The most widely-used abrasive in field operations is silica sand of maximum particle size not larger than 1.00 mm IS Sieve (see IS : 460-1962” ). A-5.3.1 Loss of abrasive adds considerably to the cost of operation. Periodic analysis or examination of the abrasive in use indicates a distribution of abrasive particles down to the smaller sizes. If these smaller-sizes are absent it is an indication that the abrasive is being wasted. In field operations, the sand should be swept up, screened and re-used, if the break down rate is small. A-5.4 Use of Synthetic Abrasives -These are costlier than sand and, therefore, should preferably be re-used more often than sand. Care shall, however, be exercized to check about the presence of dust. The commonly used synthetic abrasives are refractory slag, aluminium oxide and silicon carbide. A-5.5 Use -of Agricultural Abrasives - These are not expensive, since they are usually waste products. The most common abrasives are hard- wood particles, nut shells, coconut shells, etc. These abrasives may be used in cleaning grease, oil, or carbon from finished parts and assembled equipment. The absorbing capacity of the particles gives an effect similar to wiping. Specification for test sieves ( ravised ). 19IS: 1477 ( Part I) - 1971 A-5.6 Appearance of Surface in Relation to Abrasives Used- Colour is not always a criterion for cleanliness. -When using sand, the blast-cleaned surface may appear very white and look very clean. There are two reasons for this, that is: a) the fine sand leaves many facets which reflect light, and b) a deposit of white silica may add to the white appearance. When using dark abrasives, the surface may have a dark appearance. It is, therefore, very essential to blow off the surface blasted with dry compressed air prior to priming the same with paint or any other material. A-6. USE OF SEPARATORS A-6.1 Separators ~may be used to remove oil, water, etc,from the com- pressed air supply. These may be installed either at the end of the connector, ( connected to the compressed~air tank ) or at the bottom of the steel hopper. NOTE-The separator usually consists of rubber or steel baffles with holes drilled through the plates, and has a water draw-off at the bottom. A-6.2 For bleeding, there shall be a carefully filtered supply of cool air, which is done generally by means of a separate auxiliary air compressor of a small size. If the compressed air of the plant itself is to be supplied for bleeding purposes, extreme filtration to remove oil and water is necessary. Water usually condenses in the line, and it is important that the compressor lines be properly installed with drip legs to remove water which condenses in the line. The final separator shall be installed adjacent to the blasting stations to remove the last traces of water. A-7. GENERAL PRECAUTIONS A-7.1 Suitable equipment for protection from dust shall be provided to those engaged in blast-cleaning operations. NOTE -Blast-cleaning operations will give rise to a large amount of dust; in exterior work, if done in the direction of wind, the undersized particles are carried away with the air-stream. A safety type of helmet with a force-feed air supply is a suitable protective equipment. Filter-type air respiration shall be worn by all others who are not actually engaged in the blast-cleaning operations but are exposed to blast-dust environment. Also safety goggles shall be worn by persons near the blasting operations. ~Generally in blast-cleaning operations, there is no hazard from silicosis provided the normal safety precautions are taken. A-7.2 Proper precautions shall be taken against fire explosion hazards before starting the work. A-7.3 Care shall be taken to protect adjacent machinery, electrical equip- ment, etc. Shielding by wrapping with waterproof paper and hession cloth may be normally sufficient. 20IS : 1477 ( Part I ) - 1971 APPENDIX B ( CZause6 .2.4.1 ) PRECAUTIONS AGAINST EFFECTS OF STATIC ELECTRICITY IN SAND-BLASTING WORK IN INFLAMMABLE AREAS B-l. GENERAL B-l.1 The air and abrasive which pass through the hose create a static charge and, therefore, while doing sand-blasting work in inflammable areas, such as tank farms in oil terminals or on the exterior of tanks full of petroleum products, the nozzle and hose shall be grounded by separate ground wires. All metal parts, between which sparking is liable to occur, shall be bounded with electric conductors to one another and also grounded to earth. Effective bonding shall be done between the tank and sand- blast nozzles, sand hopper and, preferably, the air compressor also. The bonding between the tank, sand-blast nozzle and sand hopper is most important, as it is almost certain that, without bonding, sparking will occur between the tank and sand-blast nozzle. NOTE - Silica sand will not generally spark under the pressure of 0.6 kgf/cms but static electricity may be produced at the-point of impact betw’een the nozzle and the steel plate of the tank. It is found that the sparks, which are created at the end of the sand-blasting nozzle, are due to static electricity and not due to the impact of the sand on the steel; no high temperature is developed unlike, for instance, sparking at a high- speed grinder. B-1.2 The bonding conductor shall not be less than 1.5 mm diameter (see Note below) and shall be in continuous length. The electrical conductor shall be firmly connected to the sand-blast cable, preferably by means of a clamp. The copper-bonding wire shall be looped to the sand hopper and the air compressor before being terminated on the storage tank, care being taken to see that all connections made are electrically sound. NOTE - The 16 SWG single strand copper cable ( 1% mm diameter ) will be found suitable as bonding conductor. B-1.3 From the sand hopper to the sand-blast nozzle, the bonding cable shall be clamped to the hose that feeds the nozzle at about 1.5 m intervals, and care shall be taken to see that the cable is not damaged during the operation. If armoured hose is used, the wire armouring shall also be bonded to the sand-blast nozzle. B-2. WORK AT THE ROOF OF A TANK B-2.1 When carrying out sand-blasting on the roof of a petroleum storage tank, all openings leading to the inside of thetank shall be covered in such a way as to prevent the entry of sand, but at the same time to permit venting of the product in the tank. For this purpose, a clean muslin cloth may be used to cover the vents. B-2.2 When sand-blasting at or near a vent, the~pressure and vacuum valve or hood shall be removed, and the vent nozzle shall be plugged com- pletely with hession cloth (or a wooden plug in two halves ) and madeIS : 1477 ( Part I) -1971 gas-tight by using clay or stiff grease; alternatively, a blank flange may be used, wherever possible. With this method, product vapours do not escape from the vent and the danger of a fire is eliminated. This shall be done only for one vent at a time, keeping the others fully operating during this phase. ’ B-2.3 Sand-blasting of the entire roof shall be carried out onlv during the early morning or late evening hours, when tank breathing is the least. Immediately after this operation each day, all the vents shall be made completely free of covers or plt~gs mentioned above, B-2.4 The roofs of floating-roof tanks containing petroleum shall not be sand-blasted; conventional methods of scraping, chipping and painting shall be followed. B-3. WORK IN RELATION TO WIND DIRECTION B-3.1 When carrying out sand-blasting on the sides or roof of a tank, the work shall always be done in such a manner with respect to the wind direction that the sand particles are blown away clear of the tank; when sand-blasting the roof, the vents upstream and downstream (with respect to wind direction) of the area being sand-blasted shall be plugged or covered or blank-flanged, the downstream one to prevent product contami- nation with sand and the upstream one to prevent product vapours from being blown over the area being sand-blasted. B-4. SUSPENSION OF SAND-BLASTING B-4.1 All sand-blasting operations for the tank shall be completely suspended when the tank is receiving cargo or when the water bottom is being raiced This shall include switching off of all concerned electrical and motive equipment, such as air compressors. B-4.1.1 Sand-blasting operations shall not be permitted for the roof when water or product is drawn out of the tank, because the tank has to breath in, and full venting is required. B-5, REMOVAL OF FINE PARTICLE DEPOSITS B-5.1 Due to the static electricity, which is formed as the abrasive passes through the hose, the metal shot gets charged and, even after cutting through the mill scale on the surface, fine particles of shot adhere to the metal due to the static charge which they have picked up. This has a further disadvantage, as it is very difficult to blow these fine particles away especially when they become embedded in the anchor pattern formed by the blasting process. A jeweller’s brush with fine brass bristles may be used to brush these out and more dry compressed air passed over the surfaces blasted to ensure that these line metal deposits are completely removed. 22
1367_12.pdf	( Second Reorint JULY 1988 1 IJDC 82188P2/3082: [ 669’141 : 621~794-62.006~87‘ IS : 1367 ( Part XII ) - 1981 Indian Standard TECHNICAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS FOR _t THREADED STEEL FASTENERS PART XII PHOSPHATE COATINGS ON THREADED FASTENERS Second Revision ) ( 1. Scope -Covers threaded steel fasteners with coating consisting of zinc phosphate that is intended to be used in conjunction with a sealant for protection against corrosion. 2. Phosphate coating shall be sealed with suitable oil of rust-preventive type. 3. Mass of Phosphate Coating - The mass of coating that consists of zinc phosphate shall have a coating weight of 2’5 g/m* to 4’5 g/m* of treated surface. 4. Designation -The designation of a bolt or screw with phosphate coating shall include the letter ‘P’ for phosphating. [see also IS : 1367 ( Part XVI ) - 1979 Technical supply conditions for threaded steel fasteners : Part XVI Designation system and symbols ( second revision )I. Example : A hexagon-head bolt conforming to, for example, IS : 1364, of size M 20, length 75 mm, product grade A, property class 8.8 and with phosphate coating shall be designated as : HEX BOLT M 20 x 75 IS : 1364-A-8.8-P. 5. Inspection, Sampling and Testing 5.t Freedom from Defects -The surface of phosphate coated fasteners shall be matt without any excessively crystalline appearance. They shall be free from untreated patches and from flaky and uneven deposits. 5.2 Verification of Coating - A chemical method for verifying the presence of a phosphate coating is given in Appendix A. 5.3 Dimensional Accuracy 5.3.1 In case of unthreaded features, dimensions apply before coating. 5.3.2 For threaded features, the permissible dimensional variations will be applicable before coating. However, after coating, the threads shall not transgress the maximum material limit for tolerance position H or h. If required by the purchaser, fasteners may be checked at random for dimensions after de-phosphating. 5.4 Test for Mass of Coating -Test for mass of coating shall be in accordance with IS : 3618-196t ’ Phosphate treatment of iron and steel for protection against corrosion ’ 5.5 Test for Resistance to Corrosion -The resistanie of sealed fasteners to corrosion shall be tested in the laboratory by means of Salt Spray Test as described in Ap_pendix 6. The tested fasteners shall be practically rust free after the stipulated duration. Adopted 23 December 1981 @ May 1982, BIS Gr 2 I _ I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI llfMXX2IS: 1367 ( Part XII) - 1981 APPENDIX A ( Clause 5.2 ) CHEMICAL TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF A PHOSPHATE COATING A-l. Reagent - Dissolve 8 g of ammonium molybdate in 80 ml of distilled water. Add 12 ml con- centrated hydrochloric acid (d - 1*14), 20 g ammonium chloride and IO ml of saturated potassium persulphate solution. The reagent shall be freshly prepared. A-2. Procedure -Add one drop of the reagent to the test surface. The appearance of a blue colour within 30 s indicates the presence of a phosphate coating. A ~plain untreated fastener shall be used as control. APPENDIX B ( Clause 5.5 ) SALT SPRAY TEST B-l. Test Equipment B-l.1 The equipment required for Salt Spray Test consists of a fog chamber, a salt solution reser- voir, a supply of suitably conditioned compressed air, one or more atomizing nozzles, specimen supports, provision for heating the chamber, and necessary means of control. The size and detailed construction of the equipment are optional, provided the conditions obtained meet the requirements of this test. The chamber shall be insulated to avoid temperature gradients, particularly with a chamber temperature of 35°C &.2X. With small cabinets, this is conveniently effected by me~ans of a double skin construction, incorporating a water jacket for temperature control. B-l.2 Drops of solution which accumulate on the ceiling or cover of the chamber shall not be permitted to fall on the specimens being tested. B-l.3 Drops of solution which fall from the specimen shall not be returned to the solution reservoir for re-spraying. B-l.4 The spray from the atomizing nozzle or nozzles shall be prevented from impinging directly on the test specimen by means of suitable baffles. The solution condensing on the baffles may be returned to the salt solution reservoir; this can effect a substantial economy in rate consumption of the solution. Adjustable baffles are of assistance in obtaining a uniform collection rate through- out the test zone of the chamber. B-1.5 Materials of construction shall be such that they will not affect the corrosiveness of fog ( glass, rubber or certain plastic materials are suitable ). B-l.6 The equipment shall be sited so as to be in diffused light and away from radiators or other sources of heat and draughts in order to facilitate temperature control. B-2. Test Samples B-2.1 The number of test specimens to be used, as well as the criteria for the evaluation of the test results, shall be defined in the specifications of the product being tested or shall be mutually _ agreed upon by the purchaser and the supplier. B-2.2 Select samples of the fasteners which are free from accidental damage and dht. B-3. Position of Specimens during Test B-3.1 The specimens shall be suspended by cotton, nylon or any suitable thread vertically. Unless otherwise specified, the specimens shall be supported between 15” to 30” from the vertical and preferably parallel to the principal direction of horizontal flow of fog through the chamber. The test specimens shall be at least 30 mm from any other specimen and 35 mm from any wall of the chamber. B-3.2 The specimens shall not contact each other or any metallic material. B-3.3 Each specimen shall be so placed as to permit free settling of fog on allspecimens. B-3.4 The salt solution from one specimen shall not be allowed to drip on to any other specimen. 2IS : 1367 ( Part XII) - 1981 B-4. Test Solution B-4.1 Preparation of Solution - Dissolve 50 f5 g sodium chloride in each litre of distilled or de- ionized water or water containing less than 100 ppm of total dissolved solids and substantially free from dissolved heavy metals particularly nickel, copper and iron. The pH of the solution shall Abe such that, when atomized under the test condition, the collected solution will be in the pH range of 6’5 to 7.2. B-5. Air Supply 8-5.1 The compressed air supply to the nozzle or nozzles for atomizing the salt solution shall be free from oil, oil vapour and dirt, and shall be maintained between 0.67 bar and 1’72 bar ( 1 bar z 1 kg/cm2 ). B-5.2 The air shall be saturated with moisture by means of water wash or humidifying tower, after suitable filtration. It is preferable to operate the tower at temperature well above the chamber temperature to ensure wet fog to offset heat losses and to maintain the required temperature in the chamber. The tower temperature should be adjusted, so that both the collection rate and compo- sition of collected fog are kept within the specified limits. For guidance, the following table shows lower temperature at different air pressures required to offset the cooling effect of expansion at the nozzle or nozzles to atmospheric pressure with a chamber temperature of 35°C. - Air pressure, bar 0.8 j 1.0 1 l-1 j I.2 I Temperature, “C 45'4 47.2 j 48'4 ( 495 I I -The nozzle or nozzles may be operated intermittently by means of a suitable timer and relay actuating a solenoid valve in the air supply, providing that the fog is maintained continuously. This provides means of adjusting the collection rate and it also ensures a more consistant fog distri- bution with minimal directional effects. B-6. Test Conditions B-6.1 Temperature - The exposure zone of the test chamber shall be maintained at 35f2”C. B-6.2 Atomization and Quality of Fog - At least two clean fog collectors shall be placed in the exposure zone in the proximity of the test specimens, one near to a nozzle and another as far as possible from nozzle. They shall be positioned so that no test solution falling from the test specimen is collected. The fog shall be such that for each 8 000 mm2 of horizontal collecting area there will be collected in each collector from 1 to 2 ml of solution per hour determined over an operating period of at least 16 hours. ( Standard laboratory glass funnels or dishes with 100 mm dia have horizontal area of 8000 mm 2 ). The collected spray solution shall contain 50 5 IO g/l of sodium-chloride ( specific gravity 1.0255 to 1’040 0 at 25°C ) and pH shall be 6’5 to 7’2. B-7. Continuity of Test Bi7.1 Unless otherwise specifLed in the specifications of the product being tested, the test shall be ‘;: continuous fort he duration of the entire test period. Continuous operation implies that the .,‘p chamber be closed and the spray operating continuously except for the short daily interruptions necessary to inspect, rearrange, or remove test specimens, to check and replenish the solution in the reservoir, and to make necessary recordings. Operations shall be so scheduled that these interruptions are kept at a minimum. B-6. Period of Test B-8.1 The period of test shall be 48 hours. B-9. Procedure B-9.1 The following procedure shall be carried out : 1) Expose the specimen in the cabinet for the specified perio,d. 2) Remove the specimen, wash in cold running water and dry off. B-9.2 There shall be no rust formation on immediate visual examination. 31s : 1367 (Part XII) - 1961 EXPLANATORY NOTE Consequent ,to the decision to revise IS : 1367-1967, splitting it into separate parts, this :tga$rdard on requirements for phosphating of fasteners has been formulated. Although IS : 3618- ‘ Phosphate treatment of iron and steel for protection against corrosion ’ covers the general requirements for phosphating, a need was felt for special requirements of fasteners. In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been taken from BS : 3189-1973 ‘Phosphate treatment of iron and steel, ’ issued by the British Standards Institution. 4 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
13187.pdf	ISl3187:1991 sTT7& WV6 Indian Standard ROADTANKERSFORLIGHTPETROLEUM: PRODUCTS- SPECIFICATION UDC 629’11-445’6 [ 665’7 ] @ BIS 1991 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Novenlber 199 1 Price Group 4Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional Committee, HMD 17 FOREWORD This Jcdian Standard was adopted by the Bureeu of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Chemical Engineering Plants and Related Equipment Sectional Committee had been approved by the Heavy Mechanical Engineering Division Council. The term 1iEl-t petroleum products includes ccmmercial naphtha, gasoline, kerosene-and diesel oil ( aviation turbine fuel, fuel oil, lubricating oil, or any special petroleum product is excluded from the scope ). The liquids considered here for this purpose are to be stable at ambient conditions. It excludes any unstable product, LPG, etc. The design of the road tanker including the tank, the vehicle and vehicle accessories, etc, shall meet all requirements laid down by Statutory Authorities, Indian Law ard Motor Vehicle Regulations. The objective of this standard is to set safe practice for construction of road tankers used for bulk transportation of light petroleum products in India. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 13187 : 1991 Indian Standard ROADTANKERSFORLIGHTPETROLEUM PRODUCTS- SPECIFICATION 1 SCOPE b) Petroleum Rules for ‘Design and Construc- tion of Tank Vehicles for Transporting 1.1 This standard covers basic requirements for Petroleum in Bulk’; the design, construction, inspection, filling ratio c) IS 2825 : 1969 for fabrication, welding, of tankers and design of vehicles and ancillary inspection and testing; and equipments. d) Any statutory requirements of agencies 1.2 This specification is meant mainly for tankers like CCE, Central Excise, CPWD and for light petroleum products like commercial SMPV Rules, etc. naphtha, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, etc. The products like aviation turbine fuel which require 3.2 Tank Capacity special precautions for purity and heavy pro- ducts, such as lubricating oils, fuel oils, etc, are 3.2.1 The maximum liquid carrying capacity and not covered in this standard. Also, unstable dimensions of a road tanker are to be deter- products and LPG are excluded from the scope mined by the current Motor Vehicles Regulation of this standard. and by tank filling criteria outlined in 4 of this specification. Both the requirements shall be satisEed. However, the maximum Liquid Carry- 2 REFERENCES ing Capacity shall not be more than 25 kilolitres 2.1 The following Indian Standards are neces- (kl) and maximum compartment size shall not sary adjuncts to this standard: be more than 5 kl with oil tight partition. Following tank-truck size could be used as a IS No. Title guide. 226 : 1975 Structural steel ( standard Tank-Truck Size Compartments quality ) ( fiftth revision ) 12 kl 3 X 4 kl each 1079 : 1988 Hot rolled carbon steel sheet 16 kl 4 x 4 kl each and strip ( fourth revision ) NOTE - Figures 1 and 2 provide some guidelines for the design of truck mounted and trailer 1239 Mild steel tubes tubulars and mounted road tankers respectively. ( Part 1 ) : 1979 other wrought steel fittings: 3.2.2 The maximum width of any tank and its Part 1 Mild steel tubes service equipment/accessories shall be such that ( fourth revision ) it does not project beyond the overall width of 1367 : 1979 Technical supply conditions the vehicle on which it is mounted or by which for threaded steel fasteners it is being towed. The minimum allowable road ( second revision ) clearance of any tank component or protection 1875 : 1978 Carbon steel billets, blooms, devices located between any two adjacent,axles slabs and bars for forgings on a vehicle or a vehicle combination shall be ( fourfh revision ) at least 12’5 mm for each 300 mm separating such axles and in no case shall this clearance be 1978 : 1982 Line pipe (second revision ) less than 300 mm. 2004 : 1978 Carbon steel forgings for general engineering purposes 3.2.3 Materials ( second revision ) The different parts of the tanker shall be made 2062 : 1984 Weldable structural steel from the materials as given in Table 1. ( third revision ) 2712 : 1979 Compressed asbestos fibre 3.2.3.1 Other suitable equivalent materials may jointings ( second revision ) be used for the pressure parts as agreed upon by the purchaser, manufacturer and the inspecting 2825 : 1969 Code for unfire pressure authority. All grades of steel used in fabrication vessels shall be of weldable quality. 3 TANK DESIGN 3.2.4 Thickness of Metal 3.1 Following design code and regulations in 3.2.4.1 Minimum thickness of tank ends, parti- their latest edition are to be followed: tions, baffles and stiffeners shall not be less than a) Motor Vehicles Regulations of both 2 mm for tanks having volume capacity up to Central and State Government’s of Ope- and including 21 litres per centimetre and 2.7 mm ration ( RTO ); for tanks having volume capacity exceeding 1‘Cm- -b 2235 10 7 ICK PLATE STIFFENER 4 t ‘LATL LINES FIRE EXTINGUISHER 1640 I 1670 1670 - FIRE StREEH/Z ,50 “Ed ‘065 Fl,,,u/ /“3P;;;CS LEVEL All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 1 TRUCKM OUNTEDR OAD TANKERIS 13187 : 1991 Table 1 Materials for Construction of Tankers Table 2 Thickness of Tank Shell for Tankers ( Clause 3.2.3 ) ( Clause 3.2.4.2 ) Sl No. Part Name Conforming to IS No. (1) (2) (3) Shell Radius and Distance Between Attacb- i) Shell Gr Fe-330 of IS 1079 : 1988 Capacities of Tanks ment of Partition, Baffle or superior grade and Stiffeners ii) Saddle, baffle, cleat, IS 226 : 1975 stiffener. flange. IS 2062 : 1984 Up to and Above Above cover, structural Including 90 cm Up 135 cn component 90 cm to and iii) Bolting IS 1367 : 1979 In;&&inmg iv) Gaskets 1s 2712 : 1979 3 mm thick, full face v) Pipes IS 1239 ( Part 1 ) : 1979 IS 1978 : 1982 (1) (2) (3) (4) vi) Forgings IS 2004 : 1978 IS 1875 : 1978 i) Minimum thickness for 21 litres per centimetre, provided that the thick- tanks having shell radius up to 175 cm and ness of tank ends shall in no case be less than Volume capacity: the thickness of the tank shell as specified in 3.2.4.2. i) up to 21 litres per 2-O mm 2*0mm 20mr centimetre 3.2.4.2 The thickness of tank shell shall be related to the volume capacity of the tank ii) above 21 up to 27 2.0 mm 2.6 mm 2.6 mr expressed in litres per centimetre and the distance litres per centimetre between partitions, baffles or other stiffeners as iii) above 27 litres per 26mm 2.6 mm 26 mr well as to the radii of shell curvature as specified centimetre in the Table 2. 3) Minimum thickness for 3.2.5 Joints tanks having shell radius exceeding 175 cm but All joints of the tank, including shell, heads, not exceeding 225 cm partitions, baffles and stiffeners shall be welded and volume capacity: in accordance with recognised good engineering i) up to 21 litres per 2.0 mm 2-O mm 26 mr practice as per IS 2825 : 1969 and the efficiency centimetre of any joint shall not be less than 85 percent of the adjacent metal so joined. Full penetration ii) above 21 up to 27 litres 2’6 mm 2.6 mm 2.6 mr per centimetre butt weld with 10 percent radiography shall be adopted. iii) above 27 litres per 2.6 mm 2.6 mm 3.3 mr centimetre 3i2.6 Design Pressure :) Minimum thickness for 3.2.6.1 The pressure used for computing the tanks having shell radius minimum shell thickness shall not be less than exceeding 225 cm but the vapour pressure at 55°C of lightest liquid not exceeding 310 cm petroleum that shall be transported. A corrosion and volume capacity: allowance of 0’5 mm shall be provided above i) up to 21 litres per 2.6 mm 2.6 mm 26 mr the calculated thickness. centimetre 3.2.6.2 The design stress shall include an allow- ii) above 21 up to 27 litres 2.6 mm 2.6 mm 3.3 mt ance equal to 3 g, Min, to enable the tank to per centimetre withstand shocks normally encountered during movement on road such as acceleration and iii) above 27 litres per 2.6 mm 3.3 mm 3.3 mr centimetre deceleration: where d) Minimum thickness for tanks having shell radius g = acceleration due to gravity. exceeding 310 cm and volume capacity: 3.2.6.3 When the tank is self supporting type the tank design shall provide to take care of i) up to 21 litres per 2.6 mm 3.3 mm 3.3 mr the additional stresses normally induced on the centimetre chasis frame. li) above 21 up to 27 litres 3.3 mm 3.3 mm 3.3 ml 3.2.6.4 All tankers shall be designed to withstand per centimetre the most severe combined stresses which they iii) above 27 litres per 3.3 mm 3’3 mm 3.3 ml may be subjected to, induced due to pressure of centimetre the product the pumping pressure and shock loading caused by transport conditions. NOTE - If the tank has other than circular cros section, the radius for the purpose of this table 3.2.6.5 The maximum temperature for the shall be the maximum for that portion of the cros: purpose of design shall be considered to 55°C section under consideration. 4IS 13187 : 1991 ( bulk liquid ). Outside solar radiation shall be 5.2.3 The secondary control as given in 5.2.2 considered to compute the maximum heat input shall be provided with a fusible section which for design of Pressure relief system. will permit the shut-off valve to close auto- matically in the event of a fire. 3.2.6.6 The design of various other components such as stiffener, partition plates, saddles sup- 5.2.4 A shear section which will break under ports, etc, shall be carried out as per sound strain shall be provided between the internal engineering practices. shut-off valve and the discharge faucet. The shear section shall be located as closeas possible 3.2.6.7 On demand by the purchaser the to the internal shut-off valve. manufacturer should be able to prove that no component of the vessel is stressed beyond 5.3 Normal Venting 147 N/mm2 under worst combination of loadings. 53.1 Every compartment of the tank shall be 3.3 Connecting Points and Manholes fitted with an independent, vacuum and pressure operated vent with an effective opening of 3.3.1 Connecting points shall be constructed 3 cm2, Min, the opening being covered with two as machined or forged pads and provided with layers of non-corroding metal wire gauge having studs for flanged fittings. not less than 11 meshes per centimetre. 3.3.2 Threaded connections may be provided 5.3.2 The vent shall be arranged so as to limit with suitably designed pad nozzle with gaskets. the pressure within the compartment to 3.3.3 Every compartment shall be fitted with a 0’021 N/mm2 and the vacuum equivalent to manhole with flange. 5 centimetre water column, 3.4 Anchoring of Tank 5.3.3 The vent shall be designed so as to prevent loss of liquid through it, in the event of 3.4.1 The tank shall be securely anchored to the vehicle-upset. vehicle in a manner that will not: 5.4 Emergency Venting for Fire Exposure a) introduce undue concentration of stresses; b) impair the stability and performance of 5.4.1 In addition to normal venting, every the vehicle; and compartment of the tank shall be fitted with an c) allow any movement between the tank emergency venting facility which shall be of and the vehicle due to starting, stopping fusible type so as to provide a minimum fire and turning. venting opening having a net area in square centimetres equal to 8 plus 4’3 times the gross 3.4.2 All stops and anchors used to anchor a capacity of the compartment in kilolitres. tank to the vehicle shall be installed so as to be 5.4.2 The emergency vent shall be designed so readily accessible for inspection and main- as to prevent loss of liquid through the vent in tenance. the case of vehicle upset except in the case of 4 TANK FILLING CRITERIA pressure rise during upset position. 4.1 The maximum quantity of liquid filled in 5.4.3 Fusible vents shall be actuated by elements any tank shall be such that the tank is not more which will operate at a temperature not than 97 percent full, considering the expansion exceeding 93°C. of the contents with rise in temperature up to the maximum design temperature of the tank. 5.5 Top Filling Pipe 5 TANKER ACCESSORIES 5.5.1 The inner end of the filling pipe shall be fitted with a proper type of splash deflector and 5.1 Discharge Faucet the outer end threaded or designed so as to ensure leak-proof connection with the filling 5.1.1 Each compartment of tank shall be fitted hose. with a properly designed discharge faucet. The discharge end of the faucet shall be threaded or 5.5.2 Top filling pipe, if provided, shall be designed so as to permit the hose being tightly carried down nearly to the bottom of the coupled to it. tank. 5.5.3 The outer end of the filling pipe shall be 5.2 Emergency Discharge Control fitted with an oil-light locker cap. 5.2.1 The outlet of each compartment of the 5.6 Tank Gauging Arrangement tank shall have an efficient and reliable shut-off valve located inside the shell or in a sum form- 5.6.1 Each compartment shall be fitted with a ing an integral part of the shell. diEviztpe or any other approved tank gauging 5.2.2 The operating mechanism for the shut-off valve shall be provided with a secondary control 5.6.2 The dip pipe, if provided, shall be carried in an easily accessible position but remote from up to the bottom of the tank and all openings all fill openings and discharge faucets. in the dip pipe, except the capped top openings, 5IS 13187 : 1991 shall be covered with two layers of wire gauge than under the bonnet~of the engine, they having not less than 11 meshes per centimetre. must be secured in cases having vents and electric ally insulated walls. 5-6.3 The dip pipe shall be fitted with an oil- tight locker cap. b) A readily accessible cut-off switch shall be provided of not less than 300 A rating. 5.7 Tanker Overturn Protection c) Wiring so fixed and protected as to 5.7.1 All tank top fittings shall be protected minimise accidental damage or undue from damage in the event of overturning of the wear. vehicle chasis on which it is mounted. d) With the exception of the ignition circuit, 5.7.2 Protection to tank top fittings shall be the pressure -on any circuit shall not provided by enclosing them within the contour exceed 24 volts. of the shell or within a rigid covering welded to the tank shell. All electrical circuits shall be wired independent of the chasis, except starter 6 TRANSPORTATION VEHICLE and ignition high voltage circuits which may use the chasis as the earth return. 6.1 General When an earth return is used, adequate steps shall be taken to ensure electrical 6.1.1 The transportation vehicle together with continuity and where necessary, compo- their carrying tankers and equipment must nents shall be bonded by copper straps or comply with appropriate legislation. tapes of adequate capacity and strength. All conductors shall have a wide margin 6.1.2 A trailor shall have not less than four of safety to prevent overheating and shall wheels. The distance between the centres of the be adequately insulated. foremost and rearmost wheels on the same side of the trailor shall not be less than 60 percent f) All circuits other than the starter and of its overall length. ignition high voltage circuits, charging 6.1.3 Height of any part of vehicle including circuits and solenoid operated stop con- the tanker and its components shall not exceed trols shall be protected against overload- .4’1 metres with inflated tyres. ing by fuses or automatic cut-outs. The wiring shall be firmly attached and so 6.1.4 Maximum weight of liquid for which the placed that the conductors are protected vehicle is designed shall not exceed the difference against jolting, stones thrown up and heat between the unladen weight of vehicle and from the exhaust. maximum gross weight permitted for that class of vehicle under the appropriate transport d Electrical conductors ~behind drivers’s cab regulations. must consist of cables protected by flexible seamless and rust proof casings. 6.1.5 There shall be a clear space of at least 150 mm between the tank and the back of the h) The whole electrical equipment shall be cab or fire resisting shield. designed, installed and protected in such a way so as not to cause any fire or short 6.1.6 The rear of the tank shall be protected circuit in the normal conditions of use of with robust steel guards or by the frame of the the vehicle and so as to reduce the risk of vehicle, situated at least 75 mm to the rear of the either _occurrence in the event of equip- rearmost part of the tank and extended on each ment being jolted or strained to a side of the vehicle to at least the maximum minimum. width of the tank. 6.1.7 As far as possible combustible material 3 Screw-in bulbs shall not be used except in shall not be used for making the cabin. safe areas classified by statutory code. k) The tanker including its service equip- 6.2 Design Safety Requirements - NIechanical ment shall be electrically bonded to the 6.2.1 The engine of the vehicle shall be~of an vehicle and the vehicle shall be properly internal combustion type. earthed. 6.2.2 Where the fuel system is gravity-fed type, d The transport vehicle shall be fitted with a quick acrion cut-off-valve shall be fitted to the direction indicators showing a flashing fuel feed pip in an easily accessible and clearly amber light and otherwise complying with marked position. the requirements of road vehicle lighting 6.3 Design Safety Requirements - Electrical regulations. An emergency warning flashing device which may be operated so 6.3.1 The electrical system of the vehicle shall as to cause all the the direction indicators have following features: on the vehicle and its trailor to flash a) The batteries shall be Bt an easily simultaneously on both sides shall be accessible position. If placed elsewhere provided. 6IS 13187 : 1991 d The engine and exhaust system together 8.2 Tank shall be inspected during manufacture, with all electrical generator, motors, additions/alterations or repair on the equipment. batteries, switch gears, fuses, etc, of a motor vehicle shall be effectively screened 9 TESTING from the tank. A fire resisting shield shall be provided between the cab and the tank 9.1 The tanker and all its components like valve, or the above shall be housed in fan fitting, accessories and joints shall be tested in approved fire resisting compartment. accordance with the relevant code of construc- tion. The tank shall be cleaned and dried -by blowing dry air after testing to prevent corrosion. 6.4 Tool Kit/Accessories 9.2 The testing shall be done by a competent 6.4.1 Every truck shall be provided with tools person and a suitable record shall be kept. and accessories sufficient in number and sizes to take care of on the spot minor jobs. 10 MARKING 6.5 First-Aid Kit 10.1 Each tanker used for transportation of petroleum shall, whether loaded or empty, be 6.5.1 A first-aid box shall be provided in each conspicuously marked on each side and rear truck and kept in an easily accessible place in thereof in letters at least 7 cm high on a back- the truck. ground of sharply contrasting colour the word ‘FLAMMABLE’ and the common name of the 7 FIRE PROTECTION flammable liquid being transported, for example, 7.1 One serviceable fire extinguisher of dry ‘MOTOR SPIRIT’, ‘KEROSENE’, etc. chemical type of 9 to 10 kg capacity shall be provided on each side of the vehicle, which shall 11 EXTERNAL PAINTING be accessible from outside the cab. The seal, 11.1 Tanker shall be adequately painted exter- nozzle dust cap and the trigger mechanism of the extinguisher should be checked daily. The nally to prevent corrosion arising from atmospheric influence. Painting shall be carried -weight of the COz cartridge, condition of the out as per following: powder, cover gasket and hose pipe should be checked every month. The clamps on the bracket provided for the fire extinguisher, should allow a) Surface Preparation for their easy removal and putting back. Alter- This shall be done wi.th the help of blast natively any latest more effective fire~extinguisher cleaning. of equivalent capacity ( using inert gas like halon, etc ) may also be used subject to agree- b) Primer ment between the purchaser and the supplier Epoxy zinc chromate primer 2 coats. Dry and approved by Inspection Authority. Film Thickness, 35 microns/coat, Min. 7.2 A person while inside or attending any vehicle conveying flammable oil shall not smoke 4 Finish Coat or usematches or lighters. Acrylic polyurethane paint 2 coats. Dry film thickness, 30 to 40 microns/coat, 7.3 No fire, artificial light or article capable of Min. causing fire or explosion shall be taken or carried on any vehicle carrying flammable oil. 12 CERTIFICATION 8 INSPECTION 12.1 A certificate shall be issued for each tanker after inspection and testing by the inspecting 8.1 Manufacturer of the tanker shall furnish authority. The initial certificate will remain detail of manufacturing facilities, design cap- valid for 5 years and subsequently revalidation ability, past experience in executing similar jobs, of certificate should be obtained from inspection/ etc. competent authority once in 2 years. 7Gtaodard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Acf, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the pro- ducer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Boreao of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standard.8 Act, I988 to promoto harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publication ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard mzy be sent to BIS giving the following reference : Dot : No. HMD 17 ( 4765 ) Amendments Issned Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Man&t& CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 62 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 23502 16 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) BOMBAY 400093 h 32 92 95 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. PATNA. THIRUVANANTH ~PI J R AM. Printed at Swatantra Bharat Press, Delhi. IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 1 MARCH 1999 TO IS 13187 : 1991 ROAD TANKERS FOR LIGHT PETROLEUM PRODUCTS - SPECIFICATION ( Page 7, clause 7.3 ) - Insert the following new clause after 73: ‘7.4 An appropriate spark arrestor may be provided at suitaWe place to avoid tire at outlet end of exhaust pipe of the vehicle.’ (Page 7, clause 5 ) - Substitute the following for the existing text: <9 TESTING 5.1 Hydraulic Ipressure Test - Each compartment of the tanker shall be subjected to hydrostatic pressure test of 0.316 kgf/cm2 at the top and maintained for a period of-not less than I h. The compartment shall not show any signs of leakage or drop of pressure during the test. The tank shall be cleaned and dried by blowing dry air after testing to prevent corrosion. 91 Other components iike valves, fittings, accessories and joints shall be tested in accordancz with the relevant co&s of constmctioii. 9.3 The testing shall be done by a competent person and a suitable record shall be kept.’ ( Page 7, ciuuse 10) - Substitute the following for the existing text: “‘10 MAKKING 10.1 Each tanker used for transportation of petroleum shall, whether loaded or empty, be conspicuously marked with Pictorial Markings, as rAevan! in accordance with IS 1260 ( Part 1 ) : 1973 ‘Pictorial markings for handling and . labelling of goods: Part 1 Dangerous goods’. IO.2 The common name of the flammable liquid being transported, for example, ‘MOTOR SPIRIT, KEROSENE’, etc of appropriate size shall also be marked along with the Pictorial Markings.” (HMD17) ReprographyU nit, BIS, New Delhi, India
702.pdf	IS : 702 - 1988 (Reaffirmed 1993) Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL BITUMEN ( Second Revision ) Third Reprint OCTOBER1998 UDC 665’775 @ Cnpyrighf 1989 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Or 2 February 1989IS:702 -1988 Indian Standard SPECIFICATIONF OR INDUSTRIALBITUMEN ( Second Revision ) 0. FOR EWORD 0.1T his Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was c) Fixing of heat insulation materials for adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on buildings, refrigeration and cold storage 26 August 1988, after the draft finalized by the equipment; Bitumen, Tar and Their Products Sectional Com- d) Manufacture of waterproof packing paper; mittee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council. e) Manufacture of asphalts for pipeline coatings; 0.2 This standard was first published in 1955 and revised in 1961 to incorporate the new f) Manufacture of joint filler boards and grades of 65125, 75/15, 75130 and 105/20 and joint sealing compounds; also to modify the 95/15 grade to 90/15 to cover d Manufacture of bituminous filling com- a wider range of softening point in accordance pounds for cable boxes for sealing accgmu- with methods of tests published in IS : 1201 to lators and batteries; and IS : 1220-1958. The requirements for ten grades of bitumen were stipulated on the basis of investi- h) Preparation of bitumen mastic. gations carried out and data made available on 0.5 This standard is one of a series of Indian the material marketed at that time. Standards on bitumen. Other specifications so 0.3 The Committee responsible for the prepara- far published in the series are: tion of this standard decided to revise the earlier IS : 73-1961 Paving bitumen ( under revision ) version in accordance with data made available based on revised methods of tests in IS : 1202 to IS : 217-1988 Cutback bitumen ( second IS : 1220-1978. In the present version, ten revision ) grades of the material have been unified into six grades on the basis of softening point and IS : 454-1961 Digboi type cutback bitumen penetration which are currently available and ( revised ) marketed in the country. 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a parti- 0.4 Any single grade or blend of two or more cular requirement of this standard is complied grades would be used for the following: with, the linal value,’ observed or calculated, a) Manufacture and fixing of roofing and expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall damp proofing felts: be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the b) Manufacture of plastic bitumen for leak rounded off value should be the same as that of stops; the specified value in this standard. Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials ( jrsf revision ). Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 1. SCOPE 3. GRADES 1.1T his standard covers the physical and chemi- 3.1I ndustrial bitumen shall be of the following cal requirements of industrial bitumen for use six grades: in buildings and other industrial purposes. a) 85140 2. TERMINOLOGY b) 85125 c) go/15 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini- tions given in IS : 334-1982 shall apply. d) ll5/15 e) 135/10 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen and tar ( seco& reVis ion ). f) 15516. 1iS:702- 1988 NOTE - The two figures given in the grades denote bitumen shall be legibly and indelibly marked approximate values of softening point and penetratton with the following: in that order, for example, 85/25 means that industrial bitumen corresponding to this grade has approximately a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, if a softening point of 85°C and a penetration of 25. any; 4. MANUFACTURE AND SOURCE bj Month and year of manufacture; 4.1 The material shall be prepared from petro- c) Grade; and leum residue by air blowing at atmospheric pressure or under pressure with or without dj Batch number. catalyst. 7.2.1 Each container may also be marked with 4.2 The source and grade Of the material Shall be the Standard Mark stated by the manufacturer. NOTE - The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards 5. REQUIREMENTS Act 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made there- under. The Standard Mark on products covered by 5.1 Industrial bitumen shall comply with the an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they requirements specified in Table 1. have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspec- 6. TESTS tion, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. 6.1 Tests shall be carried out as described in Standard marked products are also continuously the relevant Indian Standards specified in co1 9 checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which of Table 1. a iicence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers, may be 7. PACKING AND MARKING obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 7.1 Packing - The material may be supplied in 8. SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR drums of Type A or Type B as specified in CONFORMITY IS : 3575-1977 or as agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier. 8.1 Representative samples of the material shall 7.2 Marking - Each container of industrial be drawn and their conformity to the require- ments of this standard be judged as prescribed Specification for bitumen drums (jrst revision ). in Appendix A.TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTS OF INDUSTRIAL BITUMEN ( Clauses 5.1 and 6.1 ) SL No. CHARACTERISTICS REQGIREYENTS FOR GRADES METIIODSO B TEST, REF TO --- ____-_--_-_--_--_--_-~ r----------- 85125 85140 90/15 115ll5 135/10 155/6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) i) Specific gravity at 27°C 1.00 to 1’05 1’00 to 1.05 1.01 to 1’06 1.01 to 1.06 l-02 to 1.07 1.02 to 1.07 IS : 1202-1978* ii) Flzxxh $;;t, Cleaveland open cup, 225 225 225 225 225 225 IS : 1209-1978t , iii) Softening point, “C 80 to 90 80 to 90 85 to 100 110 to 120 130 to 140 150 to 160 IS : 1205-1978# iv) Penetration at 25”C, 100 g, 5 sec. 20 to 30 35 to 45 10 to 20 8 to 20 7 to 12 2 to 10 IS : 1203-1978s l/10 mm w v) a) ka;: zaxheating, percent by 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 IS : 1212.1978 0 b) Penetration of the residue at 60 60 60 60 60 60 IS : 1203-1978s 25°C. 100 g. 5 8, percent of original, Min vi) Ductility at 27”C, cm, Min 3 3 2 2 1 0 IS : 1208-19787 vii) Matter soluble in trichloroethy- 99 99 99 99 99 99 IS : 1216-1978** lene, percent by mass, Min Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of specific gravity (firsf revision ). tMethods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of flash and fire point (first revision ). :Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of softening point (first revision ). IMethods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of penetration (first revision ). E . . fl Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of loss on heating (first revision ). 3 YMethods for testing,tar and bituminous materials - Determination of ductility (first revision ). H Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials - Determination of solubility in carbon disulphide or trichloroethylene (first revision ). I W -IS : 702 - 1988 APPENDIX A ( Clause 8.1 ) SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY FOR INDUSTRIAL BITUMEN A-1. SC6LE OF SAMPLING A-3. NUMBER OF TESTS A-l.1 Lot - In any consignment, all the con- A-3.1 Al! the individual samples shall be tested for softening point, penetration and ductility. tainers of same type, same grade and belonging to the same batch of manufacture shall be A-3.2 For the remaining characteristics given in grouped together to constitute a lot. Table 1 of the specification, a composite sample prepared by mixing together approximately equal A-1.2 The number of containers to be selected quantities of bitumen from all individual samples from the lot shall depend upon the size of the shall be tested. lot and shall be in accordance with Table 2. A-3.3 All samples shall be tested in duplicate and average value shall be reported. TABLE 2 SCALE OF SAMPLING LOT SIZE NUMBER OB CONT.UNERS A-4. CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY TOBE SELECTED A-4.1 The lot shall be declared as conforming to (1) (2) up to 50 3 the requirements of this specification if A-4.1.1 and A-4.1.2 are satisfied. 51 to 150 5 If1 to 500 7 A-4.1.1 From the test results of each of the 501 and above 10 characteristics given in A-3.1, the mean ( X ) and the range ( R ) shall be calculated as below: A-l.3 These containers shall be selected at Sum of test results random from the lot. In order to ensure the Mean(X)= randomness of selection, procedure given in Number of test results IS : 49051968 may be followed. Range ( R ) = Difference in the largest and the smallest of the test i A-2. PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES results If the expression ( X - 0’6 R ) is greater than A-2.1 From each of the containers selected or equal to the minimum specification limit, the according to A-1.2 and A-1.3, a sample repre- expression ( X + 0’6 R ) is less than or equal to sentative of material in the container shall be the maximum specification limit and both the drawn in accordance with the methods pres- conditions are satisfied in case of two-sided cribed in IS : 1201-1978t, taking all the precau- specification limits, the lot shall be considered tions mentioned therein. All these samples from to have met these requirements. individual containers shall be stored separately. A-4.1.2 The composite sample, when tested for *Methods for random gampling. the characteristics mentioned in A-3.2, shall tMethods for testiog tar and bituminous materials: satisfy the corresponding specification require- Sampling (first revision). ments.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Acl, 1986 to Dromolr: harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of gooas and attending to connected matters in the country CopyrigM BIS has the copyrigh: of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade dcsignntions. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued Lo standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’ This Indian Standard has been developed from Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected -- - -_ BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 323 0131,323 33 75,323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17,323 38 41 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Mnniktola 337 84 99,337 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 91 20 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 { 60 20 25 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 { 2351519,2352315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andhcri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 { 832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD: GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Pnnted at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi, Indin- No. 1 APRIL 1991 To IS 702:1988 SPECIFICATION FOR INLMSXRIAL BIllJlUtN (Second Revision) [s 3, Table 1, Sl No. (ii), co1 21 - Substitute 'Cleveland' for 'Cleaveland'. _- [Page 3, Table 1, Sl No. (ii>, col 91 - Substitute 'IS 1448 [P:69]:1969 t' for 'IS 1209:1978 t'. t Methods of test for petroleum and its products: [P:69] Flash and fire point by Cleveland (open) cup. (PCD 6) Printed at Dee Kay Pnnrrrs, New Lklhi. IndIn
11293_2.pdf	IS11293(Part2): . GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF GROUT CU~RTAINS PART 2 MASONRY AND CONCRETE GRAVITY DAMS UDC 627~824.7 : 624.152-612.3.04 @ BIS 1993 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BH4VAN, 9 R.4HADUR SHAH ZAPAR ~MARG NEW DELHI 110002 March 1993 Price Group 1Foundation and Substructures Sectional Committee, RVD 8 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Foundation and Sub-structures Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Grout curtains are established under the heel of concrete and masonry dams to prevent erosion and loss of water from the reservoir, and, in conjunction with the drainage, to reduce uplift pressure. This is created by drilling and grouting one, or more, lines of drill holes till a barrier or cut-off of desired impermeability is created. Design requirements for grout curtains for earth and rockfill dams are covered in Part 1 of the Standard. This part covers the design requirements of grout curtains for Masonry and Concrete Gravity Dams. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. , .. . . 1._IS 11293 ( Part 2 ) : 1993 Indian Standard GUIDELINES FOR THE DESIGN OF GROUT CURTAINS PART 2 MASONRY AND CONCRETE GRAVITY DAMS 1 SCOPE most common practice is to driil holes inclined towards upstream at 5 to 10 degrees with the This standard covers the guidelines for the vertical. design of grout curtains which are used as a principal measure of seepage control for masonry 3.4 Spacing of Grout Holes and concrete dams founded on rock mass. Single line grout curtains are generally used. 2 REFERENCE The usual practice is to try a widely spaced system of primary holes at a spacing of 6 m to 2.1 The following Indian Standard is a neces- 8 m, followed by secondary and tertiary holes sary adjunct to this standard: at a progressively smaller spacing till the desired results are obtained. However, hole spacing IS 6066 : 1984 Recommendations for pressure less than one meter should be avoided. grouting of rock foundations in river valley projects (jirst 3.5 Depth ~of the Grout Curtain revision ) The depth of the grout curtain depends upon 3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS the type and conditions of the rock mass with respect to its permeability. The following 3.1 Geological Considerations emperical criteria may be used as a guide which is based on going practice: The data already obtained from the exploration of the foundation should be analysed to assess where the characteristics of foundation rocks and the location and orientation of faults, seams, D = 2/3 H+ 8 cavities, joints and bedding planes and discon- D = Depth of the grout curtain in m, and tinuities. The permeability values of foundation H = Height of reservoir water in m. strata at various depths should be used for the design since the stages and spacing of the holes 4 GROUT PROCEDURE for grouting should be based on this data. 4.1 The procedure for grouting as laid down in 3.2 Drilling of Grout Holes IS 6066 : 1984 should be followed. Percussion drills can be used for drilling the 4.2 Curtain grouting is normally done from the grout holes, provided the foundation rock is of foundation cum drainage gallery after masonry/ a type that will produce granular cuttings, concrete is laid up to half of the design height rather than slimes. In case of rocks having or 20 m from the bottom of the gallery, weaknesses such as faults and seams it is whichever is earlier. However in special cases recommended that at least one hole should be an additional grout curtain can alsobe provided bored with suitable boring machines which are at the heel of the dam. capable of recovery of rock cores and which will facilitate inspection of bore hole walls. 4.3 Drainage holes should be drilled in the Diamond core drilling permits the examination foundation gallery. Drainage holes should, of cores and the location of seams by means of however? not be drilled in the foundation a TV borehole camera. gallery 011 curtain grouting is completed within 30 m from the location of the drainage holes. 3.3 Inclination of Grout Holes 4.4 Efficacy of Grout Curtain The holes may be either vertical or inclined. The orientation, plan and inclination of grout This should be evaluated by results of permea- holes depends upon the type of joints and other bility tests during drilling of secondary/tertiary discontinuities in the foundation rock. The holes as given in IS 6066 : 1984. 1-- ___~__~__. Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark IS governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of lndian Standards BJS is a statutory institution establlshcd under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. NO part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ). RIS. Revision of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need ar~aes on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. RVD 8 ( I5 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend NO. Date of Issue Text Affected I3IJREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices 1 Kegional Offices : T elephone Central : Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI I10002 I 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I P. Road, Maniktola 378499, 378561 CALCUTTA 700054 1 37 86 26. 37 86 62 53 38 43. 53 I6 40 Northerr) : SC() 44.5-446, Sector 35-C. CHANDICiAKH 1601336 I 53 23 84 I Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 6001 13 223355 0125 1169,, 223355 0243 4I2S Western : Manak:ll:l,a. 17.9 MIDC, Marol, Andher ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58 BO M H.4Y 400043 632 78 91. 632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. I<ANGALOKE. RIIOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. C’OIMBAlORE. FAKIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. CiI,WRtlATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPllR. KANPUK LUCKNOW. PATNA THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
4031_4.pdf	IS :4031 ( Part 4)- 1988 (Reaffirmed 1995) Indian Standard METHODSOFPHYSICALTESTSFOR HYDRAULICCEMENT PART 4 DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENCY OF STANDARD CEMENT PASTE First Revision ) ( Third Reprht OCTOBER 1997 ( hcqorating Amendment No. 1 ) UDC 666.94:539.57 @ Copyright 1997 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI I 10002 i Gr 1 August 1988IS : 4031 ( Pat 4 ) - 1988 h&an Standard METHODSOFPHYSICALTESTSFOR HYDRAULICCEMENT PART 4 DETERMINATION OF CONSISTENCY OF STANDARD CEMENT PASTE First Revision ) ( 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part 4 ) ( First Revi- standard in 1968, a number of standards covering sion > was adopted by the Bureau of Indian the requirements of different equipment used for Standards on 24 February 1988, after the draft testing of cement, a brief description of which finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional was also covered in the standard, had been Committee had been approved by the Civil Engi- published. In this revision, therefore, reference neering Division Council. is given to different instrument specifications 0.2 Standard methods of testing cement are deleting the description of the instruments as it essential adjunct to the cement specifications. has been recognized that reproducible and repeat- This standard in different parts lays down the able test results can be obtained only with procedure for the tests to evaluate physical standard testing equipment capable of giving properties of different types of hydraulic cements. desired level of accuracy. This part covers the The procedure for conducting chemical tests of procedure for determining the quantity of water hydraulic cement is covered in IS : 4032-1985. required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency. 0.3 Originally all the tests to evaluate the physical properties of hydraulic cement were covered in 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a parti- one standard but fdr facilitating the use of this cular requirement of this standard is complied standard and future revisions, it has been decided with, the final .value, observed or calculated, to print different tests as different parts of the expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall standard and, accordingly this revised standard be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. has been brought out in thirteen parts. This The number of significant places retained in the will also facilitate updating of individual tests. rounded off value should be the same as that of Further, since the publication of the original the specified value in this standard. Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement (first revision ). Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 1. SCOPE 27 f 2°C. The relative humidity of the labora- tory shall be 65 f 5 percent. 1.1 This standard ( Part 4 ) covers the procedure for determining the quantity of water required 4. APPARATUS to produce a dement paste of standard consis- 4.1 Vicat Apparatus -Vicat apparatus con- tency. forming to IS : 5513-1976. 2. SAMPLING AND SELECTION OF TEST 4.2 Balance - The balance shall conform to the SPECIMEN following requirements. 2.1 The samples of the cement shall be taken in 4.2.1 On balance in use, the permissible varia- accordance with the requirements of IS : 3535- tion at a load of 1 000 g shall be plus or minus 1986 and the relevant standard specification for 1’0 g. The permissible variation on new balance the type of cement being tested. The represen- shall be one-half of this value. The sensibility tative sample of the cement selected as above reciprocal shall not be greater than twice the shall be thoroughly mixed before testing. permissible variation. 3. TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY NOTE1 -The sensibility reciprocal is generally defined as the change in load required to change the 3.1 The temperature of moulding room, dry position of rest of the indicating element or elements of materials and water shall be maintained at a non-automatic indicating scale a definite amount at any load. Methods of sampling hydraulic cements (first revision ) . Specification for Vicat apparatus ( jrsrervi siorz ). 1IS : 4031 ( Part 4 ) - 1988 NOTE 2 - Self-indicating balance with equivalent 5.2 Prepare a paste of weighed quantity of accuracy may also be used. Cement with a weighed quantity of potable or 4.3 Standard Weights - The permissible vari- distilled water, taking care that the time of ation on weights in use in weighing the cement gauging is not less than 3 minutes, nor more shall be as prescribed in Table 1. than 5 min, and the gauging shall be completed before any sign of setting occurs. The gauging TABLE 1 PERMISSIBLE VARIATION time shall be counted from the time of adding ON WEIGHTS water to the dry cement until commencing to WEIC4llT PEIGUISSIBLE VAIIIATION ON fill the mould. Fill the Vicat mould E with this WEIOHTS IN USE,PLUS OR paste, the mould resting upon a non-porous MINUS plate. After completely filling the mould, smoothen the surface of the paste, making it B g level with the top of the mould. The mould 500 0.35 may be slightly shaken to expel the a.ir. 300 0’30 250 0’25 5.2.1 Clean appliances shall be used for 200 020 In filling the mould, the operator’s 100 0.15 ~%n%d the blade of the gauging trowel shall 50 0’10 alone be used. 20 0’05 5.3 Place the test block in the mould, together 10 094 with the non-porous resting plate, under the 5 0.03 rod bearing the plunger; lower the plunger gently 2 0.02 to touch the surface of the test block, and 1 0.01 quickly release, allowing it to sink into the paste. This operation shah be carried out immediately 4.4 Gauging Trowel - Gauging trowel conforming after filling the mould. to IS IO086 : 1982-t. 5.4 Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages 5. PROCEDURE of water and test as described above until the amount of water necessary for making up the 5.1 The standard consistency of a cement paste standard consistency as defined in 5.1 is found. is defined as that consistency which will permit the Vicat plunger G shown in iS : 5513-l 976* 6. CALCULATION to penetrate to a point 5 to 7 mm from the 6.1 Express the amount of water as a percentage bottom of the Vicat mould when the cement by mass of the dry cement to the first place of paste is tested as described in 5.2 to 5.4. decimal. *Specification for Vicat apparatus (first revision) . tSpe.ification fur moulds for use in fests of cement and COlWV2te. Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India 2
13592.pdf	Indian Standard UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM INSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDING VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM - SPECIFICATION -_ UDC 621.643-2 [ 678.743-22 ] : 628.245 @ BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN S-I ANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN,’ 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAPAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 1992 Price Grbup 4Plastic Pipes and Fittings Sectional Committee, CED 50 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Plastic Pipes and Fittings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Unplasticized PVC pipes are widely used in practically all types of piping systems. This standard has been formulated with a view to provide guidelines in the manufacture and use of UPVC pipes for soil and waste discharge system including ventilation and rainwater for inside buildings. In the formulation of this siandard, assistance has been derived from the following IS0 Standards: a) IS0 3633 : 1991 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride ( PVC-U ) pipes and fittings for soil and waste discharge ( low and high temperature ) systems inside buildings + Specification b) IS0 8283 : 1991 Plastic pipes and fittings - Dimensions of sockets and spigots for discharge systems inside buildings : Part 1 Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride ( PVC-U ) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride ( PVC-C ). For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.‘\ “4 IS 13592 : 1992 Indian Standard UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM INSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDING VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM - SPECIFICATION 1 SCOPE 4.2 Nominal outside diameter DN of pipes as covered in the standard are 40, 50, 63, 75,90 This standard covers requirements for plain and 110, 125, 140 and 160 mm. socket end unplasticized polyvinyl chloride ( UPVC ) pipes with nominal outside diameters 5 COLOUR OF PIPE 40 mm to 160 mm for use for soil and waste discharge system inside buildings including Surface colour of the pipes shall be dark shade ventilating and rain water applications. of grey. 6 MATERIALS 2 REFERENCES 6.1 The material from which the pipes are The Indian Standards listed below are the produced shall consist essentially polyvinyl necessary ,adjuncts to this standard: chloride to v!hich may be added only those IS No. Title additives that are needed to facilitate the manu- facture of sound pipes of good surface finish, 4905 : 1968 Methods for random sampling mechanical strength, and opacity under con- 6307 : 1985 Specification for rigid PVC dition of use. None of these additives shall sheets (first revision ) be used separately or together in quantities sufficient to -constitute a toxic hazard, impair 8543 Methods of testing plastics : the fabrication, welding, chemical and physical \9ps”4’t4 /Set 1 ) : Part 4 Short term mechani- properties of the fittings. The material should cal properties, Section 1 also consist of sufficient quantity of stabilizer Determination of tensile to withstand thermal ageing and exposure to properties ultra-violet light. 12235 Methods of test for unplasti- cized PVC pipes for potable 6.2 The addition of the manufacturer’s own water supplies rework material produced during the manufac- ture and work testing of pipes complying with ( Part 5 ) : 1986 Reversion test this standard is permissible up to 10 percent. ( Part 6 ) : 1986 Stress relief test No other rework material shall be used. ( Part 7 ) : 1986 Test for resistance to sulphuric acid 7 DIMENSIONS ( Part 9 ) : 1986 Impact strength test 7.1 Diameter and Wall Thickness 3 TYPES OF PIPES Mean outside diameter, outside diameter at any point and wall thickness for Type A and Type A - for use in ventilation pipe work Type B pipes manufactured plain or with socket and rain water applications shall be as given in Table 1. Type B - for use in soil and waste dis- charge systems 7.2 Length of Pipe Pipes shall be supplied in nominal lengths of 4 SIZE DESIGNATION 2, 3, 4 or 6 meters either plain or with sliding/ 4.1 Pipes shall be designated by the nominal grooved socket. Tolerances on specified length outside diameter DN, in mm. shall be -t 10 mm and -0 mm.-. “$ IS 13592 : 1992 Table I Dimensions of Pipes ( Clause 7.1 ) ~~ All dimensions in millimetres. . Mean Outside Outside Diameter Wall Thickness, S Wall IG$gs, S T&E:, Diameter at Any Point Type A Diameter, h--7 h--7 --- y-_* ---c) Gin_? DN Max 5%--- Max Ilclln h!z Mifl Max (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (‘1 (8) (9 40 40.0 40.3 39.5 40.5 1.8 2.2 3.2 3-8 50 50.0 SO.3 49.4 50.6 1.8 2.2 3.2 3.8 63 63.0 63.3 62.2 63.8 1.8 2*2 3-2 3-8 75 75.0 75.3 74.1 75.9 1.8 2.2 3.2 3.8 90 90.0 90.3 88.9 91.2 1.9 2.3 3.2 .. 3.& 110 110.0 110.4 108.6 111.4 2.2 2.7 3.2 3.8 125 125.0 125.4 123.5 126.5 2.5 3.0 3.2 3.8 140 140.0 140.5 138.3 141.7 2.9 3.4 3.6 4.2 160 160.0 160.5 158.0 162.0 3.2 3.8 4.0 4.6 NOTE - The pipes may be supplied in other lengths Table 3 Dimensions for Sliding Sockets where so agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. ( Clause 7.3.2 ) 7.2.1 T’he effective length of the pipe with sliding/grooved socket shall be as given in All dimensions in millimetres. -. _ l-lg. 1. Nominal Socket Mean Inside Diameter Outside Depth, C of Socket at 7.3 Socket of Pipe Min Midpoint, D1 DN f----_L----~ 7.3.1 Minimum wall thickness of sockets on Min Max pipes shall be as given in Table 2 read with (‘1 (2) (3) (4) Fig. 2 and 3. 40 26.0 40.1 40.3 50 30.0 50.1 50.3 7.3.2 Dimensions of sliding socket and grooved sockets of pipes shall be as given in Tables 3 63 36.0 63.1 63.3 and 4 respectively, read with Pig. 2 and 3. 75 40.0 75.1 75.3 90 46.0 90.1 90.3 Table 2 Minimum Wall Thickness of 110 48.0 110.1 110.4 Sockets on Pipes 125 51.0 125.1 125.4 140 54.0 140.2 140.5 ( Clause 7.3.1 ) 160 58.0 160.2 160.5 All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Sa, Min , S,, LM in , 8 PHYSICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS Outside r----7 Diameter, Type A Type B Type A Type B 8.1 Visual Appearance DN 40 1.6 2.9 1.0 2.4 The internal and external surfaces of the pipes 50 1.6 2.9 1.0 2.4 shall be smooth and clean, and free from 63 1.6 2,9 1-o 2.4 groovings and other defects. The end shall 75 1.6 2.9 1.0 2.4 be clearly cut and shall be square with the 90 1.7 2.9 1.1 2.4 axis of the pipe. The end may be chamfered 110 2.0 2.9 1.2 24 on the plain sides. Slight shallow longitudinal 125 2.3 2.9 1.4 2.4 grooves or irregularities in the wall thick&s 140 2.6 3.2 1.6 2.7 shall be permissible provided the wall thickness 160 2.9 3.6 1.8 3.0 remains within the permissibIe limits. 2- .E+S3592 :c1 992 SINGLE SOCKET PIPE !WIT H CHAMFER --.~.-.- ? PLAIN ENDED PIPE WITHOUT CHAMFER NOMINAL LENGTH FIG. I NOMINAL PIPE LENGTH AND DEHNITIONS FIG. 2 SLIUING SCICKETD ETAILS Table 4 Dimensions of Grooved Socket ( Clause 7.3.2 ) All dimensions in millimetres. Nominal Inside Diameter Inside Diameter Length of Neck Length Outside of Socket, D, of Beading, Ds Beading Beyond Diameter r--- A --- r_.---W_~ and Neck, SeZet Reading .DN A B C Min Max Min Max Max Mitl Min (1) c22) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 40 40.3 41.1 49.6 50.6 18 5 18 50 50.3 51.1 59.6 60.6 18 5 .?O 63 63.3 64.1 72.9 73-9 18 5 23 15 75.3 76.2 84.5 85.5 20 5 25 90 90.3 91.2 99.5 100.5 23 5 28 110 1 IO.4 111.3 120.3 121.3 26 6 32 125 125.4 126.4 137,.1 138.2 28 7 35 140 140.5 141.4 152.1 153.2 30 8 38 160 160.5 ,161.5 173.8 175.0 32 9 42 3IS I3592 : 1992 PIG. 3 GROOVED SOCKET DETAILS 8.2 Reversion Test 9 RESISTANCE OF SULPHURIC ACID When tested by the method described in IS When tested by the method described in IS 12235 ( Part 5 ) : 1986 a length of pipe of 12235 ( Part 7 ) : 1986, the mass of specimen approximately 300 mm shall not alter in length shall neither increase by more than 0.32 g nor by more than 5 percent. In the case of socket decrease by more than 0.13 g. The effect of end pipes, this test shall be carried out on the the acid on the surface appearance of the speci- plain portion of pipe taken at least 100 mm men ( roughening, bleaching, or blackening ) away from the root of the socket. shall be ignored. 8.3 Stress Relief Test 10 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES This test shall be carried out for socket end 10.1 Impact Strength at 0°C ( Alternate to 10.2 ) pipes only. When tested by the method des- cribed in IS 12235 ( Part 6 ) : 1986 the test When tested by the method described in specimens shall not show blisters, excessive IS 12235 ( Part 9 ) : 1986, the pipe sample shall delamination or cracking or signs of weld line not fracture or crack through its complete wall splitting. The weld line or lines may become thickness. pronounced during the test, but this shall not deemed to constitute failure. In the case of socket end pipes, this test shall be carried out on the plain portion of the pipe 8.4 Vicat Softening Temperature taken at least 100 mm away from the root of the socket. The vicat softening temperature shall not be less than 79°C when determined in accordance 10.2 Tensile Strength ( Alternate to 10.1 ) with IS 6307 : 1985. When determined in accordance with the NOTE - This test mav be done on soecimen cut from the pipes of himensions as ‘specified in method described in IS 8543 ( Part 4/Set 1 ) : IS 6307 : 1985. The specimen shall be supported on 1984, the maximum tensile strength and elon- a suitable concave surface of radius equal to that of gation at break shall not be less than 45 MPa pipe ensuring support on all ends. and 80 percent respectively. 8.5 Effect of Sunlight 10.3 Axial Shrinkage ( for Type B Pipes Only ) Two samples each 300 mm long from different lengths of pipes shall be prepared. One sample The axial shrinkage shall not exceed 2 percent shall be kept covered in thick paper and kept when determined in accordance with Annex A. in shade as control sample and the other exposed to sun for not less than 1 600 hours at 11 WATER TIGHTNESS OF JOINT ambient temperature. After the required The assembly of pipe and fittings shall be period of exposure the two samples when com- tested for water tightness in a apparatus which pared shall not show any difference in colour consist of two end sealing devices for the open or physical appearance. ends of the fittings, one end connected to a NOTE - Alternatively, effect of sunlights on the hydraulic pressure source shall be capable of pipe may be tested using weatherometer for an allowing the system to bled and the other end equivalent exposure time. Relationship, however, blanked. shall be established to the satisfaction of purchaser/ inspection agency that duration of the exposure Assemble the fittings with the sealing devices, required using weatherometer is compatible with the stipulated exposure to the sun for 1 600 hours. fill with water ensuring all air is removed. 4‘4 IS 13592 : 1992 Apply a pressure of 0.5 MPa for a period of c) Type A or Type B, as appropriate, and 15 minutes and there should be no leakage at d) Batch Number. any joint. 12 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR 13.2 The pipes may also be maked with CONFORMITY Standard Mark. 12.1 Acceptance Test Table 5 Acceptance and Type Tests The scale of sampling and criteria for confor- ( Clauses 12.1 and 12.2 ) mity of a lot for acceptance tests specified in Table 5 shall be as given in Annex B. Sl Test Clause No. 12.2 Type Tests (1) (2) (3) Type test given in Table 5 shall be conducted I. Colour 5 whenever a charge is made in the polymer 2. Dimensional 7.1 composition, method of manufacture or a new 1.2 size of pipe is to be introduced. However if no 7.3 change is envisaged, at least one sample from 3. Visual 8.1 each size and type produced during the period 4. Reversion 8.2 shall be subjected to type tests once in six 5. Stress relief test 8.3 months. 6. Impact strength 10.1 13 MARKING 7. Tensile 10.2 8. Arcial shrickage 10.3 13.1 Each pipe shall be clearly and indelibly 9. Water tightness of 11 marked with the following informations at joint intervals not more than 3 meters: 10. Vicat softening temp 8.4 d 11. Effect of sunlight 8.5 \/’ a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, 12. Resistance to H,SO, 9 I/ b) Nominal outside diameter of pipe, ANNEX A ( Clause 10.3 ) DETERMINATION OF AXIL SHRINKAGE OF PIPES A-l GENERAL A-2.2 Mounting Device for the Test Pieces This Annex prescribes determination of the A-2.3 Thermometer, graduated in divisions of permanent axial shrinkage at 90°C. 0.5”C. A-2 APPARATUS A-3 TEST PIECES A-2.1 Thermostatically Controlled Water-Bath, capable of being maintained at ?O”C f 2°C. Select three pipes 300 mm f 20 mm in length. Mark each pipe, for example by means of a The volume and performance of the bath shall scriber around the circumference with two be such that there is virtually no variation in circular marks. 200 mm apart, such that one temperature when the test pieces are immersed. of them is approximately 1C mm from one of The water in the bath shall not contain the ends. substances which can alter the product investi- gated. A-4 CONDITIONING Adequate stirring shall be provided so that the temperature limits are complied with at all Condition the test pieces for at least 2 h at points in the bath water. 23°C f 2C. 5‘4 “IS 13592: 1992 A-5 PROCEDURE A-6 EXPRESSION OF RESULTS With the test pieces at a temperature of 23°C Calculate the percentage change in distance f2”C, measure the distance between themarks between the marks on the test piece using the to the nearest 0.25 mm. Regulate the temper- equation: ature of the heating water to 90°C f 2°C. Suspend the test pieces vertically in the~heating water by the ends furthest from the marks, such that the whole test piece is immersed in where the water and the upper end is at least 50 mm T is the percentage change in length or below the surface of the water. shrinkage. The test pieces shall be placed in such a AL=L,-L position that they touch neither the waIIs nor L, is the distance in millimetres between the bottom of the bath. the marks -before the test. Leave the test pieces immersed for 1 h. L is the distance, in millimetres between the marks after the test. Remove the test pieces from the bath and after complete cooling at 23°C f 2°C and measure, Select the value of L which gives the greatest under the same conditions as .above, the value of AL. distance between the marks ,slong two lines. running parallel to the longitudinal.axis of the For the value of axial shrinkage of the, pipe, pipe and diametrically opposite each other on take the arithmetic mean of the values obtained the pipe. for each of three test pieces. ANNEX B ( Clause 12.1 ) SCALE OF SAMPLING AND. CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY FOR ACCEPTANCE TEST B-l LOT number tables, IS 1905 : 1968 may be referred to. In the absence ,of a random number table, B-l.1 All pipes, in a single consignment, of the the following procedure may be adopted: same size and manufactured under essentially similar conditions shall constitute a lot. Starting from any pipe, in the lot, count them as 1, 2, 3, etc, up to r and so on, where r is B-l.2 For ascertaining conformity of ,the lot the integral part of N/n, N being the number to the requirements of the specification, of pipes in the Iot and n, the number of samples shall be tested from each lot separa- pipes in the sample. Every rth pipe so tely. counted shall be withdrawn so as to constitute the required sample size. B-2 COLOUR VISUAL APPEARANCE AND B-2.3 The number of pipes given for the first DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS sample in co1 3 of Tables 6 or 7 shall be taken B-2.1 The number of test samples to be taken from the. lot and examined for colour, visual from a lot shall depend on the size of the lot appearance and for dimensional requirements. and size of pipes. This shall be in accordance A pipe failing to satisfy any of the requirements with Tables 6 or 7, as appropriate. shall be considered as defective. The lot shall be deemed to have satisfied these requirements, B-2.2 The pipes shall be selected at random if the number of defectives found in the first from the lot and in order to ensure the ran- sample is less than or the corresponding accep- domness of selection, a random number table tance number given in co1 5 of Tables 6 or 7. shall be used. For guidance and use of random The lot shall be deemed no1 to have met these 6IS 13592 : 1992 requirements Zthe number of defectives found tested under B-2.3 shall be drawn as given in in the first sample is greater than or equal to co1 3 of Tables 8 or 9, as appropriate for the corresponding rejection number given in the first/second sample size. The lot shall be co1 6 of Tables 6 or 7. If however, the number of deemed to have met the requirements given defectives found in the first sample lies between in the specification, if the number of. defective the corresponding acceptance and rejection found in the first sample is less than or equal numbers given in co1 5 and 6 a second sample to the corresponding acceptance number given of the size given in co1 3 shall be taken and in co1 5 of Tables 8 or 9, as relevant. The examined for these ,requirements. The lot shall lot shall be deemed not to have met these be considered to have satisfied these require- requirements, if the number of defectives found ments if the number of defectives found in the in the first sample is greater than or equal to cumulative sample is less than or equal to the the corresponding rejection number given in corresponding acceptance number given in co1 co1 6 of Tables 8 or 9. If however the 5 otherwise not. number of defectives found in the first sample lies between corresponding acceptance and rejection numbers given in co1 5 and 6 of B-3 OTHER ACCEPTANCE TESTS Tables 8 or 9, a second sample of size given in co1 3 shall be taken and examined for the The lot having satisfied the colour, visual and requirements. The lot shall be considered to dimensional requirements shall be tested for have satisfied the requirements, if number of reversion, stress relief, tensiIe ( alternate to defectives found in the cumulative sample impact ) and axial shrinkage tests. is less than or equal to the corresponding acceptance number given in co1 5, otherwise For this purpose a sub sample from those not. Table 6 Scale of Sampling for Colour, Visual Appearance and Dimensional Requirements ( For DN Up to and Including 110 mm ) ( Clauses B-2.1 and B-2.3 ) Number of Pipes Sample Sample Cumulative Acceptance Rejection in the Lot Number Size Sample Size Number Number (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) up to 1 000 First 13 13 0 2 Second 13 2Li 1 2 1 001 to 3 000 First 20 20 0 3 Second 20 40 3 4 3 001 to 10 000 First 32 32 1 4 Second 32 64 4 5 10 001 and above First 50 50 2 5 Second 50 100 6 7 Table 7 Scale of Sampling for Colour, Visual Appearance and Dimensional Requirements ( For DN Above 110 mm ) ( Clauses B-2.1 and B-2.3 ) Number of Pipes Sample Sample Cumulative Acceptance Rejection in the Lot Number Size Sample Size Number Number (1) (21 (3) (4) (5) (6) Upto First 8 8 0 2: Second > 8 16 1. 2 3 001 to 10 000 First 13 13 0 2 Second 13 26 1 2 10 001 to above First 20 20 0 3 Second 20 40 3 4 7IS 13592: 1992 Table 8 Scak of Sampling for Reversion, Stress Relief, Tensib and Axial Shrinkage Tests ( For DN Up to and Incloding 110 mm ) ( Clause B-3 ) Number of Pipes Sample Sample Cumulative Acceptance Rejection in thk Lot Number Size Sample size Number Number (1) (2) (3? (4) (5) (6) UptolOOO First 5 5 0 2 Second 5 10 1 2 100~t03000 First 8 8 0 2 Second 8 16 3 2 I 3001 to 10000 First 13 13 0 2 Second 13 26 I 2 10 001 and above First 20 20 0 3 Second 20 40 3 4 Table 9 Scale of Sampling for Reversion,Stress Relief, Tensile and Axial Shrinkage Tests ( For DN Above 110 mm ) ( Clause B-3 ) Number of Pipes Sample Sample Cumulative Acceptance Rejection in the Lot Number Size Sample Size Number Number (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 6) up to 3 000 First 3 3 0 2 Second 3 6 1 2 30 001 to 10 000 First 5 5 0 2 Second 5 10 1 2 10 001 and above First 8 8 0 2 Second 8 16 1 2 in the lot to the requirements for water tight- 4 IMPACT STRENGTH ( ALTERNATE TO ness, the number of pipes to be taken from the TENSILE STRENGTH ) lot shall be according to Table 10. B-4.1 Number of Test Specimens B-5.3 The pipes shall be taken at random from lnitially sufficient number of specimens shall the lot in accordance with the procedure given be taken at random from each batch of maxi- in B-2.2. mum 8 hours run and at least 14 strikes are made per extrusion run. If no specimen fails, B-5.4 The lot shall be considered to have met no further test specimen be taken. If the the requirements for this test; if the number of test samples failing in this requirements is initial 14 strikes, one, bwo or three specimen equal to the corresponding acceptance number fail, further specimen shall be taken at random given in co1 3 of Table 10. and tested to ensure a total of at least 42 strikes. If during the test more than four specimen fail, the test shall be discontinued and the produc- Table 10 Scale of Sampling for Water tion discarded. Tightness ‘I est Number of Pipes Sample Acceptance B-5 WATER TIGHTNESS TEST in the Lot Size Number B-5.1 The lot having been found satisfactory (1) (2) (3) according to B-2 to B-4 shall be subjected to up to 3000 2 Q this test. 3 001 to 10 000 3 0 B-5.2 For determining the conformity of pipes 10 001 and above 5 0 8I Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standard? Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. ,Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of thes: publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), RIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. CED 50 ( 4795 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg I 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. 1. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 378499, 378561 CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62 53 38 43, 53 16 40 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C; CHANDIGARH 160036 53 23 84 235 02 16, 235 04 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 I5 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MiDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOMBAY 400093 6327891, 6327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed at Printwell Printers, Aligarh, IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 1 JULY 1995 TO IS 13592 : 1992 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE ( UPVC ) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM INSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDlNG VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM - SPECIFICATION ( Ptrgc 5, clartse 11, line 1 ) - Substitute ‘0.05 MPa’for ‘0.5 MPa’. , (CED50) 1 , Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi. India . . IAMENDMENT NO. 2 AUGUST 1999 TO IS 13592 : 1992 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM INSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDING VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM - SPECIFICATION ( First cover page and Page 1, Tide ) - Substitute the following for the existing title: ‘UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM FOR INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDING VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM-SPECIFICATION’ , ReprqraphyU nit, BE, New Delhi, IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 3 JULY 2003 TO IS 13592:1992 UNPLASTICIZED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (UPVC) PIPES FOR SOIL AND WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM FOR INSIDE AND OUTSIDE BUILDINGS INCLUDING VENTILATION AND RAIN WATER SYSTEM — SPECIFICATION (Page 1,clause 2 )— Insert the following at the end of the clause: ‘14182:1994 Solvent cement for use with polyvinyl chloride pipes and fittings’ (Page 2, clause 7.2.1, line 1)— Substitute ‘nominal’ for ‘effective’ ( Page 2, clause 7.3.2, line 1 )— Substitute ‘socket for solvent cementing’ for ‘sliding socket’. ( Page 2, Title of Tuble 3 ) — Substitute ‘Socket for Solvent Cementing’ jor ‘Sliding Sockets’. ( Page 3. Fig. 2, Caption ) — Substitute ‘SC)(XET FOR SOLVENT CEMENTING’ for ‘SLIDING SOCmT DETAILS”. ( Page 4, clause 11, para 2 ) — Substitute the following for the existing para: ‘Assemble the fittings with the sealing devices [(a) in the case of socket for solvent cementing, the joint has to be achieved by using solvent cement; and (b) in the case of grooved socket, the joint has to be achieved by fitting the rubber sealing ring in the groove ]. fill with water ensuring all air is removed. Jointing of solvent cementing joints is to be carried out using solvent conforming to IS 14182.’ (CED 50 ) _— Repr~gr:iphy”Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
2720_24.pdf	s._ ~~____ _ IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXIV DETERMINATION OF CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY ( First Revision) Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chairman Representing PROF D~xew MOHAN Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee Afemherc I'ROF i\LAM SINGH University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur I,T-c:OI.A VTAR SINGH EngiTleer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters 51~1 li.I i. SUDIIINDR:~ (.4l/ernafe) DR A. BANERIFE Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay SrrRr s. G1JPTA (.4[lernale) SHRI 1~. N. DAIXNA In personal capacity (P-820 New Alrporr, (.‘alcutta 700053) Srtm A. G. DASTIDAR In personal capacity [Ink-State Equipment (P) L/n’, 3/l Loudon Street, Calcutta 700017] SHRI R. I..D EWAN Irrigation Research Institute, Khagald, Paula DR G. S. Dw~.r.ox Indian Geotechnical Society, New Delhi DIRECTOR (CSXIRS) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRFXTOR (CS1lRS) (Alternate) DIRECTOR Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR %IASIIT K. %JLIfATI (~~k?rnate) DIRECTOR Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar RESEARCI~ O~PICER (GEOTECHNICAL ?~~TIOS) (&kV72ak) SHRI A. H. DlV.\SJI Rodio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat & c‘ , Bombay SI~RI1 1.N .JANGLE (AEternakj SIfRt \-. G. HWDE National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi SHRI S. H. BALCHAXDAM (Alternate) JOINT DIRECTOR RESEARCH (FE), Railway Board (hfinistry of Railways) RDSO DEPUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH, SOIL MECHANICS, RDSO (Alternale) SSIKI 0. P. hlALHOTR.4 Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Patiala (Continued on &<e 2) 0 Copyright 1976 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or m part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 Members Refiresenting SHRIJ . S. MARYA Roads Wing (Ministry of Shipping & Transport) SARI N. SEN (Alternate) SHRIG . D. MATIWR Public Works Department. Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow S~IRID . C. CHATURVED(:A lternate) SHR~M . A. MEHTA Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRIT . M. MENON (Altcrnatc) SHRI T. K. NATARAJAN Centraxlhpd Research Institute (CSIR), New RXPRE~ENTATIVE Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay RESEARCHO IWSCER Buildings & Roads Research Laboratory, Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh SHRI K. R. SAXENA Engineering Research Laboratory, Hyderabad SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DEEPU~S ECRETARY(A &mule) DR SIIAWHERP RAKA~H University of Roorkee, Roorkee SHRIH . D. SHAIWA Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee SUPERINTENDINOE NGINEER Concrete & Soil Research Laboratory, Public (PLANNING& DEVON CIRCLE) Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras EXECUTWEE NGINEER(I NCHAROE, Son. MECHANX~ & RESEARCH DWBION) (Al&mute) SHRI C. G. SWAMINATHAN Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta SHRIH . C. VERMA All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers’ Association, Bombay SHRI 1’. K. %‘A~~~EVAN(A lternate) SHRI D. AJITHAS IMHA, Director General, ISI (Ex-ofi& JIember) Director (Civ Engg) Skretary SIXRIG . RA&!AN Deputy Director (Civ Engg), IS1 I Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment ~ubcommittce, BDC 23 : 3 COIWW PROFA LAM SmoIt University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur A ftmbtrs SHRIh i SYNCH Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee LT-COL AVTARS INGH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters MA] R. R. SUDHWBRA(A lfern&) SHRIN . K. BERRY Beas Dams Project, Talwara Township SXRI K. s. PRl?M( Al&m&) DRR. K. BXANDARI Centr$hyoad Research Institute (CSIR), New SHRI T. N. BHARCAWA Roads Wing (Ministry of Shipping Br Transport) SHRX A. S. BISHNO(A~itr rnatt) DR A. K. CI~ATTERJEE -Public Works Department,. Government of Uttar Pmd~l~, Lucknow DR B. L. DHAWAN (Alttyafc) (~,wlt;“.r,I nn I I \IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART XXIV DETERMINATION OF CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY ( First Revision) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (Part XXIV) (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 16 February 1976, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating a comparative study of the results, the Indian Standards Institution has brought out the ‘Indian Standard methods of test for soils (IS : 2720)’ which is being published in parts. So far 38 parts have been published. This part (Part XXIV) which was originally published in 1967 covers the method for the determina- tion of cation exchange capacity of soil. Cation exchange capacity gives an indication of the aflinity of soil for water and its capacity for swelling. 0.2.1 In this revision, a method to determine the exchangeable metallic cations and a method to determine the exchangeable hydrogen ions sepa- rately have been given. The sum of the exchangeable ions determined by these methods gives the total exchangeable ions in the soil; however, because of fixation of potassium and ammonium by illite and vermiculite type of minerals, the cation exchange capacity values as determined by these ions are generally lower than the true values. A single method which determines the cation exchange capacity (metallic and hydrogen ions together) has also been included. In kcepii with the latest trend the term ‘base exchange capacity’ has been replaced by the term ‘cation exchange capacity’. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the Snal value, observad or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS: 2-1960+. Rubs br rounding off numerical values (mid)). 3IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard (Part XXIV) lays down the methods for the determina- tion of exchangeable metallic cation and exchangeable hydrogen ion, sum of which will be the cation exchange capacity of soils. 1.1.1 It also lays down a single method which determines the cation exchange capacity (metallic and hydrogen ions together). 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definition shall apply. 2.1 Cation Exchange Capacity - Cation exchange is the physio-chemical process whereby one .type of ions (cation) adsorbed on soil particles is re- placed by another type. The cation exchange capacity signifies the capacity of soil to retain cations up to its highest limit; or it can also be defined as the power of the soil to combine with cation in such a manner that they cannot be easily removed by leaching with water, but can be exchanged by an equivalent amount of other cations. 3. DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGEABLE METALLIC CATIONS 3.1 Standard Method 3.1.1 Reagents 3.1.1.1 Ammonium acetate solution - 1 N. Prepared by adding 576 ml of glacial acetic acid (relative density 1.052) diluted to 5 litres, to 540 ml (of relative density 0.88) or 750 ml (of relative density 0.91) of ammonium hydroxide solution diluted to 5 litres. The above two solutions should be mixed in equal volumes. ThejH of the mixed solution should be determined in a comparator using bromothymol blue as indicator. IfpH is close to 7.0, a little more of acetic acid solution or ammonium hydroxide solution should be added to have the /IH exactly 7.0. 3.1.1.2 Hydrochloric acid - 0.05 N. Dilute 50 ml of N hydrochloric acid solution Eo one litre in a volumetric flask. 3.1.1.3 Sodium h@roxide - 0.05 N. NOTE -The solution should be standardized afresh while using. 3.1.1.4 Methyl red indicator 3.1.2 Apparatus 3.1.2.1 Buchner furmel- Designation 110 (see IS : 5009-1968). 3.1.2.2 Pigettes - 25 and 50 ml (see IS : 4162-1967t and IS : 1117- 1938:). Specification for Buchner funnels. tSpecification for graduated pipettes. $pecification for one-mark pipettes. 4IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 3.1.2.3 Cylinders graduated - 100 and 250 ml capacity (see IS : 878- 1956). 3.1.2.4 Filter paper - Whatman No. 44 or equivalent, 15 or 18.5 cm diameter. 3.1.2.5 Silica basins - 500 and 100 ml capacity. 3.1.2.6 Water-bath 3.1.2.7 Hot-plate - (See IS : 365-19657). 3.1.2.8 Mufle furnace 3.1.2.9 Burette - 50 ml with stand (see IS : 1997-1967:). 3.1.2.10 Chemical balance - of 0.1 or 0.2 mg sensitivity. 3.1.2.11 Beaker -.400 ml capacity (see IS : 2619-19719). 3.1.2.12 Flask - 1 litre capacity. 3.1.3 Procedure 3.1.3.1 Transfer 50 to 100 g (see Note 1) of soil to 400-ml beaker, add 250 ml of 1 N ammonium acetate solution, ‘stir well and allow to stand overnight at room temperature. Then decant through a 15- or 18.5-cm filter paper and leach with further portions of the ammonium acetate solution in small quantities, allowing the filter to drain completely between each addition, in a 1-litre flask. Continue leaching until one litre of the filtrate has been collected (see Note 2). NOTE 1 -Take 50 g of soil when more than 20 to 25 milli-equivalent percent of exchangeable cation are present and 100 g when less than 10 milli-equivalent percent are present, as determined by the rapid method with 0.05 N hydrochloric acid. NOTE 2 -Where possible the extraction may be done by centrifuge. 3.1.3.2 Transfer a suitable aliquot of the leachate corresponding to 10 g of soil, to 500-ml silica basin and evaporate to small volume on the water-bath. Transfer the solution at this stage to a lOO-ml silica basin and continue the evaporation to dryness, finishing the operation over a hot-plate. Ignite in a muflle furnace, gently at first and then for 20 minutes at a mndium to full red heat, so convrrtmg the acetates of the exchangeable metal ions to carbonates or oxides. Support the silica basin on a triangle to prevent the bottom being overheated. 3.1.3.3 When cold, add 20 to 50 ml of 0.05 N hydrochloric acid, or sufficient quantity to ensure an excess of acid at this stage; warm gently and leave to stand until solution of the alkalis is complete. Then titrate the excess of acid with 0.05 N sodium hydroxide using methyl red as indicator. If the methyl red is absorbed as the titration proceeds add further a drop or two just before the end-point. Specification for graduated measuring cylinders. +Specification for electric hot-plates (reu~ti). fSpecification for burettes (,l;rst revision). f&ecificatidn for glass beakers ( f;rsr r evision ): 5P IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 3.1.4 Calculations - Calculate the amount of total exchangeable metallic ions originally present in the soil, in milli-equivalents percent from the follow- ing expression: meq where meq = total exchangeable metallic ions, in milli-equivalents percent; VU zzz volume of standard hydrochloric arid t&en: v, = volume of standard sodium hydroxide used in back titration; JV= normality factor; v, = volume of extract taken; and w= weight of soil extracted. 3.2 Rapid Method - (SeeN ote). NOTE- The rapid method is not suitable for highly calcareous soils (calcium carbonate in excess of 15 percent). 3.2.1 Reagents 3.2.1.1 Hydrochloric acid solution - 0.05 N. 3.2.1.2 Lime water - freshly prepared and of known normality. 3.2.1.3 Bromothymol blue indicator 3.2.2 Apparatus 3.2.2.1 Pipettes - 100 and 25 ml (see IS : 1117-1958* a.nd IS : 4162- 19677). 3.2.2.2 Test tube - 175 x 32 mm with stopper (see IS : 2618- 1963:). 3.2.2.3 .Filter paper - Whatman No. 30 or equivalent. 3.2.2.4 Erlenmeyer jask - 125 ml capacity. 3.2.2.5 Beaker - 250 ml capacity (see IS : 2619-19715). 3.2.2.6 Chemical balance 3.2.2.7 Burette - 100 ml with stand (see IS : 1997-196711). 3.2.2.8 Glass rod - (See IS : 7374-19746). 3.2.3 Procedure 3.2.3.1 Pipette 100 ml of 0.05 N hydrochloric acid into a test-tube (175 x 32 mm), add a weighed amount of soil (1 to 5 g), stopper, stir well and allow to stand overnight. The amount of soil taken should be . sufficient to neutralize not more than about 20 percent of the standard acid. In general, the larger amount may be taken for sandy loams or soils slightly Specification for one-mark pipettes. TSpecification for graduated pipettes. f Specification for test-tubes. @pecification for glass beakers (first rcu;t;On). uS p+fication for burettes (Jirst r&ion). QSpecification for glass rods and tubing for laboratory glassware, 6IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 podolized. For heavy clays and base saturated soils, only 1 to 2 g should be used. The values obtained by this method are equilibrium values and therefore depend on the proportion of soil to acid. 3.2.3.2 Filter through a dry 11-cm Whatman No. 30 or equivalent filter paper, collecting the filtrate in a dry 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask, rejecting the first portion. Titrate a 25-ml aliquot against standard lime wa+rr using bromothymol blue as indicator. As the end-point is a.pproached add 2 or 3 more drops of indicator to overcome absorption by anv sesquioxide precipitate. Titrate a blank similarly. 3.2.4 Calculation 3.2.4.1 Then the approximate value for total exchangeable metallic ions in milli-equivalents percent is given by the expression: 100 x 100 meq = (B-_)xNxx w where meq = total exchangeable metallic ions, B= blank titration in ml of lime water of known normality, T= actual titration in ml of lime water of known normality, N= normality of the lime water, and w= mass of soil taken. If any calcium carbonate is present (s2.y LIP to 15 percent), express its amount in milligram equivalents percent, amd deduct it from the value calculated for total exchangeable metallic ions. 4. DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGEABLE HYDROGEN IONS 4.1 .Reagents 4.1.1 BariGn Acetate Solution - 1 N of PH 8.1, adjusted with barium hydroxide. 4.1.2 Phenolphthalein Indicator - 1 percent. 4.1.3 Sodium Hydroxide - 0.05 N. 4.2 Apparatus 4.2.1 Carbon Filter Funnel - (See Note under 4.3.1). 4.2.2 Conical Flask - 500 ml capacity. 4.2.3 Beaker - 600 ml capacity (see IS : 2619-1971). 4.3 Procedure 4.3.1 Transfer 25 g of soil to the funnel with care to prevent soil from sticking to the sides of the carbon filter funnels (see Note). Level off the soil and place silica sand on the top to a depth of about 5 mm. Pour 350 ml of the barium acetate solution to the soil. Leaching rate from the funnel should not exceed 10 to 20 drops per minute. Specification for glass beakers (Jirst reuision~.IS : 272O(PartXXIV)-1976 When all the extraction solution is passed through, measure the volume in a graduated cylinder and transfer it to a 600-ml beaker. Add approximately 10 drops of 1 percent phenolphthalein solution and back titrate the extrac- tion solution with 0.05 N sodium hydroxide solution to a faint pink colour. Make a blank titration on 100 ml of barium acetate solution extracted through the carbon filter funnel but without the soil sample. NOTE- It is a special type carbon funnel having arrangement for flow rate regulation by screw clamp, fine glass wool and acid washed silica sand (coarse). This funnel is wetted with a httle of barium acetate solution and the glass wool compressed. A small quantity of pure silica is then spread over the glass wool. 4.4 Calculation - Express the results obtained in terms of meq of H+ per 100 e of soil 100 meq exchangeable H+ per 100 g soil= (I-B) x .N x mass of soil in g where T= volume of sodium hydroxide solution used in titration of soil extraction, ml; B= volume of sodium hydroxide solution used for the blank titra- tion, ml; and N= normality of standard sodium hydroxide solution. 5. METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY (METALLIC AND HYDROGEN IONS TOGETHER) 5.1 Reagents 5.1.1 Sodium Acetate Solution - 1 N. Adjusted to @H 5.0 containing 82 g of salt and about 28 ml of glacial acetic acid per litre. 5.1.2 Sodium Acetate Solution - Neutral, 1 N. Containing 82 g of salt per litre, with fiH adjusted to 7.0 with acetic acid to neutralize sodium hydroxide normally formed by hydrolysis of this salt. 5.1.3 Calcium Chloride - Neutral, 1 N. Containing approximately 109 g of calcium chloride, hesahydrate or 73 g of calcium chloride, per litre of carbondioxide-free distilk~;’ water, with pH adjusted to 7.0 with calcium hydroxide. 5.1.4 Acetone - 80 percent. 5.1.5 Special Solutions - The following special solutions are required for calcium versene procedure. 5.1.5.1 Standard calcium solution - 0.500 5 g of pure dried calcium car- bonate is dissolved in a minimum of 0.2 N hydrochloric acid. The solution is boiled to expel carbondioxide and is then diluted to 1 litre. The solution is 0.010 0 N with respect to ca.lcium. 5.1.5.2 ‘Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide bu$eer of PH IO - This buffer is made up of 100 ml of 1 N ammonium chloride and 500 ml of 1 N ammonium hydroxide.IS : 2720 (Part XXIV) - 1976 5.1.5.3 Eriochrome black T indicator - This solution is prepared by dissolution of 0.5 g of the indicator with 4.5 g of hydroxylamine hydro- chloride in 100 ml of methanol. 5.1.5.4 Sodium cyanide solution - 2 percent. 5.1.5.5 Standard versene solution - A 2-g portion of disodium vet-senate iso ium dihydrogen ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid) is dissolved in Ai0 ml of water. Then approximately 50 mg of magnesium chloride crys- tals (MgCl,.GH,O) are added to the solution. The normality of versene is then determined by titration of 25 ml portion of the standard calcium solution. 5.3 Apparatus 5.3.1 Cent@ge Tubes - 100 ml. 5.3.2 Centrifuge - (See Note under 5.4.1). 5.3.3 Beaker - 250 ml (see IS : 2619-1971). 5.3.4 Conical Flask - 500 ml. 5.3.5 P$ette - 25 ml (see IS : 4162-19677). 5.3.6 Burette - with stand (see IS : 1997-1967:). 5.4 Procedure 5.4.1 Take 5 g of soil in a IOO-ml centrifuge tube and stir in 50 ml of 1 N sodium acetate of @H 5.0 with a policeman-tipped rod. Digest the soil suspension in a near boiling water-bath for 30 minutes with intermittant stirring. Remove the salts by centrifugation of the suspension and decan- tation of the clear supernatant liquid (see Note). Give two additional washings with 1 N sodium acetate of PH 5.0, the 30 minutes boiling water- bath treatment being repeated if the sample is known to be calcareous. If still the presence of salts is doubted, give two more washings with 1 N sodium acetate of @H 5.0. Then give the sample 5 washings with 1 N calcium chloride solution. Remove the excess salts by washings (usually 5) with 80 percent acetone, until the excess calcium chloride is removed as indicated by a negative AgNOs test for chloride in the last of the washings. Finally replace calcium by means of 5 washings with a neutral 1 N sodium acetate solution. Place in a 500-ml conical flask, the calcium solution (about 250 ml) resulting from displacement in the determination of cation exchange capa- city. Then? add 10 ml of the ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide buffer solutron to bring the solution to PH 10; and then add 10 drops of erichrome black T indicator solution and 1 ml of 2 percent sodium cyanide solution. Similarly prepare a blank of sodium acetate and titrate it to a Specification for glass beakers (fist r&&n). tSpecifieationf or graduatedp ipettes. $$xification for burettes (first revision).___.__.. .__.- _-..- --- .--. b IS : 2720( Part XXIV) - 1976 bright blue end-point with standardized (about 0.01 N) versenc sohuion. Titrate the test sample to the same colour. NOTE- In lieu of centrifuge washing, the sample may be washed in an ordinary funnel with filter paper. 5.5 Calculation 5.5.1 Calculate the milli-equivalent cation exchange capacity per 100 g of soil as follows: nreq exchange capacity 100 per 100 g = ml of versene solution X Jv X mass of soil in g where Jv is the normality of the versene solution. 10IS : 2720( Part XXIV) - 1976 (Continued from page 2) Members Re senting SHRIR . L. DEWAN Irrigation Resear$ ” Institute, Kbagaul, Pama DEPUTy DIRECTOR RIEEARCH Railway Board (Ministry of Railways) (SOILM ECHANICS)-I ASSISTANDTI RECTORR ESEARCH (SOIL MECHANIQ)-I (Alfern&) DIRECTOR(C SMRS) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR( CSMRS) (Aknate) SHRIH . K. GUHA Geologists’ Syndicate Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI N. N. BHA~ACHARAYA( Alternate) DR SHA~HIK . GULHATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi SHRI R. K. JAIN United Technical ConsultantsP vt Ltd, New Delhi DR P. K. DE (Alkmutc) SHRI0 . P. MALHOTRA Buildings & Roads Research Laboratory, Pubk Works Department, Government of Punjab, Cbandigarh DIRECTOR(A ltcmafe) DR V. V. S. RAO In personal capacity (F-24 GreenP ark, New Delhi 110016) SHRIH . C. VERMA Assoeiited Instrument Manufacturem (India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi PROPT . S. NAOARAJ( A~tcmatc) 3 1 1 ,_ ” .’ ‘. I.,..., _& I 4 “i.. MWENDMENT NO. 1 NOVEMBER 1987 ,,. ,~ TO ‘4; 1S :2720 ( Part 24 )-1976 METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART 24 DETERMINATION OF CATION .. , EXCHANGE CAPACITY 4 ( First Revision) ‘1 4 ( Page 5, clause 3.1.2.3) – Substitute ‘ IS : 878-1975 ‘ for ‘ IS . 878-1956* ‘. ( Page 5, clause”3.1.2.7) — Substitute ‘ IS : 365.1983~’ for ‘ IS : 365-1965t ‘. (Page 5, clause 3.1.2.9) – Substitute ‘ IS :1997-1982$ ‘ for ‘ IS: 1997-1967$ ‘. , ( Page 5,foot-not& with ‘ * ‘, ‘-f”’ and ‘$, ‘marks) — Substitute tie fOUOWing for the existing foot-notes: cSPeci~Cation for graduatemdeasuring cylin iers (fk$t reoision). +Spccification for electric hot plates (secondrmision). $Specitication for burettes ( secondrezision).’ ( Page 6, clause 3.2.2.1 ) – Substitute ‘ IS :11 17-1975 ‘ for ‘ IS : 1117-1958* ‘. ( Page 6, clause 3.2.2.7”) – Substitute ‘ IS : 1997-19821] ‘ for IS : 1997-1967/1 ‘. ( Page 6, foot-notes with 4* ‘ and ‘ II‘marks ) — Substitute the follt?w- .> ing for the existing foot-notes: .i ,.,; ‘*Specification forone-markpipettes (Jrd ;cuision). I\Specification for burettes (secondreuision).’ .--.-J ( Page 9, da&e 5.3.6) — Substitute ‘ IS :1997-1982$ ‘ for ‘ IS : 1997-1967$ ‘. ( Page 9,foot-note wiih ‘~ ‘mark) – Substitute the following for the b existing foot-note: ‘$Specificationfor burettes ( secondrevi.@n ).’ ( BDC 23) Rcprogmphy Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
1200_22.pdf	i IS : 1200 f Part XXII ) - 1982 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART XXII MATERIALS Civil Works Measurement Sectional Committee, BDC 44 Chairman Representing lS ERI P. N. GADI Institution of Surveyors, New Delhi Members SHRI P. L. BHASIN ( Allsrnatc to Shri P. N. Gadi ) ADHIBHASI ARAYANTA Public Works Department, Lucknow ( PAE~EIKHAN ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR SHRI $G;w;z;z ) ( Alternate ) Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SH;~ $. V. SITARAM ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. CEAKRABORTY Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta DIRECTOR, IRI, ROOIZKEE Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DIRECTOR ( RATES AND COSTS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RATES AND COSTS ) ( Alt8VIUte) SHRI HARI RAO, P. S. Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI N. M. DASTANE ( Alternate ) SRRI M. L. JA~N National Industrial Development Corporation Ltd, New Delhi JOINT DIRECTOR ( D ) National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SRRI A. K. LAL ( Alfernate ) SHRI H. K. KHOSLA Haryana Irrigation Department, Chandigarh SUPERINTENDINGE N Q I N E E R ( CD0 ) ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. LAIIA Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI V. D. LONDHE Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI N. C. .DUQQAI, ( Alternate ) SIIRI K. K. MAD~OK Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SHRI DATTA S. MALIE Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay PROP M. K. GODBOLE ( Allernate ) ( Conlinued on page 2 ) Acted 8s cbalrman for the meeting in which the standard was fbnlized. @ Copright 1982 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyrighf Ad (XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of tl:r publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Acr. rfS t 1200 (Part XXII ) - 1982 ( Conlint& from pugs 1 ) Members Representing SERI R.S.MU~THY Gammon India Ltd, Bombay SHRI H. D. MATANQE ( Alternate ) SHRI B. S. MATEUIZ Ministry of Shipping and Transport ( Roads Wing ) SRRI A. D. NARAIN ( Alternote ) SHRI C. B. PATEL M. N. Dastur & Co Ltd, Calcutta SRRI B. C. PATEL ( Alternote ) S5an1 V. G. PATWARDHAN Ennineer-in-Chief’s Branch ( Ministry of Defence ) SHRI G. G. KARMARKAR ( Akvnate r S&u T. S. RATNAB~ Bureau of Public Enterprises, New Delhi Da R. B. SINQH Banaras Hindu University, Banaras SHRI R. A. STJBRAMANIAM Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Calcutta SUPERINTBNDINO SURVEYOR OB Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS ( Avx ) SURVEYOR OB Woarra I ( Avr ) ( Alternate ) SHRI K. J. TARAPOREWALLA Bombay Port Trust, Bomhay SH~I J. C. VERMA Bhakra Management Board, Irrigation Wing, Naogal Township SERI R. M. JOLLY ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAYAN, Director General, IS1 (Ex-ofi& Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) SHRI K. M. MATHUR Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 2IS I 1200 ( Part XXII ) - 1982 Irrdian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART XXII MATERIALS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part XXII ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 20 Aprii i982, after the draft finaiized by the Civil Works Measurement Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Measurement occupies a very important place in the planning and execution of any civil engineering work, from the time of first estimates to final completion and settlement of payments. Methods being followed for measurement are not uniform, and considerable differences exist between the practices followed by different construction agencies and also between various Central and State Government Departments. While it is recognized that each system of measurement has to be specifically related to administrative and financial organization with departments responsible for the w . ..n .“r .k , _5 1r _ l -_n .i ..f -i -m .__t -i -n n of th_e various r ‘,v e .,t .p __i _n .”q _a .t t.h.e- = t.w\-~h.n..i1r.a~l1 . .l.s,=.-wa =l -h4n”.” been accepted as very desirable, specially as it permits a wider circle of operation for civil engineering contractors and eliminates ambiguities and misunderstandings arising out of inadequate understanding of various systems followed. 0.3 The practice for the method of measurement of supply of materials like sand, boulders, aggregates, etc varies considerably from one place to another with the result that a lot ofpractical difficulties arise in supply of such items. It has, therefore, been felt that methods of measurement of supply of such materials, as are generally taken from time to time for buildings and civil engineering works in substantial quantities, should be formulated. This part covers measurements of such materials. 0.4 In reporting the result of a measurement in accordance with this standard,‘if the final value observed or calculated is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : Z-1960. Rules for rounding oli”n umerical values ( revised). 3IS : 1200 ( Part XXII ) - 1982 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part XXII ) covers the method of measurement of materials normally used in buildings and civil engineering works. 2. GENERAL 2.1 Description of Item - Description of each item shall, unless other- wise stated, include, wherever necessary, conveyance and delivery, ,~__J,?__ .__,__J:__ _&.._I__ _A^ nanaung, unwaaulg, JLOI-~II~C,; CI; 2.2 Limits of Measurement - Dimensions shall be measured net in decimal system to the nearest 0 01. m, area to nearest 0.01 ms, volume to nearest 0’01 ms, weight to nearest 1 kg, unless otherwise stated ( see also relevant Indian Standard ). 2.3 Bills of Quantities -Bills of quantities shall fully describe materials. 3. METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS 3.1 Various types of materials shall be measured as mentioned in Tabie 1. TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS NAME OB MATERIAL How MEARUXED Aggregates Brick/stone.of 40 mm nominal size and In ma after making a deduction of 7.5 above percent from stack measuremenfs and as per type Brick/stone aggregates of less than In Ins of gross stack measurements 40 mm size cinder, sand, m~c~ram,f ly according to nominal size and type ash, pozzolana, stone, stone dust Aluminium Flats In kg, stating size Aluminium Strip and Edging In running metre stating size Asbestns Cement Products Barge boards Enumerated, stating size Ridge In pairs, according to size and type Guttera Enumerated, stating size, type and length Roof lights, north light curves Enumerated, stating size and type Sheets Enumerated stating type, size and length Ventilators, eaves fillers, apron pieces, Enumerated and described louvers, cowls, ridge finials, septic tanks ( Continued ) 4IS t 1200 ( Part Xxi1 ) - 1982 TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF MATERL4LS - Cmtd NAME OF MATERIAL How MEA.~URED Bitumen Products Bitumen felt In m8, stating type, grade and width Bitumen hot sealing colhpound Ry weight, in kg, staring grade and type Bitumen road tar In tonnes, stating type Joint filler ( sealing compound ) In kg Boards Plywood, etc In rns, statingtype and thickness Bricks/Brick Tilt-s Enumerated, stating class and size Blocks (Building, Clay, Cement. Stone, etc) Enumerated stating size, type and grade if any Cement/Lime Pozzolana Mixture In kg, stating type. Distemper In kg Doors/ Windows/ Ventilator Frames In linear metres and described (outside dimensions measured ) Doors/ Windows/ Ventilators (Excluding Fittings In m8 and described and Finishes) Fibre Glass Felt In ms stating thickness and grade Filler Fibrous/Non Ji6rous In m’ and described Fittings for Doors and Windows Enumerated Galvanized Steel Barbed Wire In kg, s?ating type and size Galvanized Steel Sheets (Corrugated/Plain) In quintals or enumerated, sgating type and size Glass Sheets ( Plain/Pin Head/Frosted/ Wired/ In ms, stating type, thickness and size Splinter proof) Class Strips In running metres, stating thickness and width Jali Cement-Concrete/Clay In ma, stating thickness and type L.tad for Caulking In kg Lime In kg, stating class Marble Chips In quintal, stating size and described Marble Dust In kg Marble Pieces In kg, stating colour ( Continued ) ___~ .._~ 5 J:IS : 1200 ( Part XXII ) - 1982 TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS - Contd NAME OF MATERIAL How MEASURED Marble Slab In mz, stating thickness and type Metal Beadhg In running metres, stating type and size Paints, Emulsions and Thinners In litres, stating type and class Paint (Shy) and Pigment In kg, stating type and class Pipes and Accessories Pipe fittinns Enumerated and described Pipes (except mild steel ) In running metres and described Precosl Unifsfur FIooring Enumerated and described Rope Manila In kg and described Rubbtr Rings for Pipes Enumerated and described SteCl Mild steel sheets In tonnes, stating size and thickness Mild steel expanded metal In mJ and described Wire fabric/chain fabric In ma and described Hoop iron/boits/rivets/barsjstructural In kg or tonnes and described sections/rails/mild steel pipes stone Boundary stone/kilometre stone Enumerated, stating size and type Kerb stone Enumerated, staling size Fioor stone slabs In rn2 and described Soling stone, boulders, rubble In rns, after making a deduction of i5 percent from gross stack measure- ments, stating nominal size and type Sanitary Fiftings Cisterns / clamps / cocks / ferrules,‘foot- Enumerated and described rests / gratings / hydrants Itraps/bath tubsjurinais ivaivesjwash basins/‘WC pans/showers/towel rails/bidets Tiles Enumerated, stating type and size Timber Blocks/baulks Enumerated, stating type and size Ballies Enumerated, specifying diameter and described ( diameter shall be measured at !5 m from the thick end ) ( Confinued )1s t 1200 ( Part SXrl ) - 1982 TABLE 1 MEASUREMENT OF MATERIALS - Contd NAME0 1~M ATERIALS How MEASURED Barn boos Enumerated and described Scantlings/planks/battens In m3, stating size and type ?ilts ( Other than sanitary ) In m2, stating size and type Wall Tiles/False Ceiling Tilts/Roofing Tiles Enumerated, statirlg type and size Water Proojng Comjmnd In kg Water Proojing Paste/Ernzdsion/Liquid In litres Wire In kg and described Wire Rope In running metre and described
1332.pdf	IS : 1332 - 1986 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE STREET LIGHTING POLES ( First Revision ) Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2 Chairman Representing DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi Members ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR Research, Designs and Standards Organization STANDARDS ( B & S ) ( Ministry of Railways ), Lucknow DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS ( B & S ) ( Alternate ) SHRI K. P. BANERJEE Larsen and Toubro Limited, Bombay SHRI HARISH N. MALANI ( Alternate ) ‘SHRI S. K. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta SHRI R. V. CHALAPATHI RAO Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI S. ROY ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER( BD ) Bhakra Beas Management Board, Nangal Township SHRI J. C. BASUR ( Alternate ) CHIFF ENGINEER( DESIGNS ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi EXECUTIVEE NGINEER( D )-III ( Alternate > CHIEF ENGINEER( RESEARCH-CUM- Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab _ DIRECTOR ) \ RESEARCHO FFICER( CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY) ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINT DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi CHIEF RESEARCHO FFICER ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( C & MDD-I ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( C & MDD-I ) ( Alternate ) SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), Roorkee ( Continued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1987 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and 7. reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the caid Act.( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing SHRI A. V. GOKAK Development Commissioner for Cement Industty ( Ministry of Industry ) SHRI S. S. MIGLANI( Alternate ) SHRI S. GOPINATH The India Cements Limited, Madras SHRI T. TAMILAKARAN( Alternate ) SHRI S. K.. GUHA THAKURTA Gannon Dunkerley and Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. P. SANKARNARAYANA(NA lternate ) SHRI A. K GUPTA Hyderabad tndustries Limited, Hyderabad SHRI P. J. JAGUS The B$zbc$ed Cement Companies Ltd, DR A. K. CHATTERWE( Alternate ) SHRI N. G. JO~HI Indian Hume Pipe Co Limited, Bombay SHRI R. L. KAPOOR Rotlds Wing;~Ministry of Transport SHRI R. K. SAXENA( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. LAHA The Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI B. T. UNWALLA( Alternate ) DR MOHAN RAI C~ntr$~~ri!l~ Research Institute ( CSIR ), DR S, S. REH~I ( Alternate ) DR. A. K. MULLICK National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi SHRI K. K. NAMBIAR In personal capacity ( ‘ Ramanalaya ‘, II First Crescent Park Road, Gandhinagar, Adyar, Madfas ) SHRI S. N. PAL M. N: Dastur and Company Private Limited, Calcutta SHRI BIMAN DASGUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI H. S. PASR~CHA Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PHULL Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi; and Central R& Research Institute ( CSIR ), New SHRI M. R. CHATTERJEE Centrgey;d Research Institute ( CSIR ), NW ( Alternate ) DR M. RAMAIAH Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ). Madras ASSISTANT DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) SHRI A. V. RAMANA Dalmia Cement ( Bbarat ) Limited, New Delhi DR K. C. NARANG ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMDAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI J. SEN GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI T. N. SUBBAR AO Gamtnon India Limited, Bombay SHRI S. A. REDDI ( Ahernate ) SHRI A. U. RXJHSINGHANI Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi SARI C. S. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI H. S. SATYANARAYANA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Head- quarters, New Delhi SHRI V. R. KOTNIS ( Alternate ) SECRETARY Cent$erbyd of Irrigation and Power, New SHR~I c. R. SAKEWA( Alternate 9 ( Continued on pggc 15) ‘.IS : 1332- 1986 SPECIFICATION FOR PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE STREET LIGHTING POLES ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 29 August 1986, after the draft finalized by the Cement, and Concrete Sectional Committee had been appproved by the Civil Engineering Division COUIICi& 0.2 This standard has been prepared with the object of providing guidance to the manufacturers and the users in obtaining precast reinforced concrete street lighting poles capable of giving, satisfactory service. The standard covers only poles in the manufacture of which mechanical compacting methods such as vibration, shocking, spinning, etc, have been adopted and does not include hand compac.ted poles in its scope. Recommendations regarding selection, handling and erection of poles are covered in 1s : 7321-1974. 0.3 This standard was first published in 1959 under the title ‘Specifica- tion f”or reinforced concrete street lighting columns’. The present modification in title is intended to make’it more clear. 0.4 The present revision has been taken up with a view to incorporating, the modifications found necessary in the light of experience gained during the use of this st,andard. This rev&an incorporates significant modifications in re,pect of materials, design, earthing of poles, tests for poles and brackets, and sampling and inspection. In addition, modi- fications have been made in respect of some other provisions such as length, tolerance on dimensions, de@4 Qf planting, marking of poles, etc. 0.5 For the purpose of decidipg whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the’fina1 value, observed or calculatel, expressing the result df a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in Code of practice for selection, handling and erection of concr:te ~01:s for overhead power and telecommunication lines. 3IS:1332- 1986 accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1T his standard covers the requirements for precast reinforced concrete poles suitable for use for street lighting, manufactured by mechanical compacting methods such as vibration, shocking, spinning, etc. This standard does not cover prestressed or hand compacted concrete poles. 1.2 The poles covered by this standard are not intended for overhead wiring purposes. 1.3 Concrete fittings attached to or forming part of a pole are also covered by this standard as far as practicable. ZTERMINOLOGY 2.0F or the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall: apply. 2.1 Load Factor - The ratio of ultimate transverse load to the trans- verse load at first crack. For design, the transverse load at first crack shall be taken as not less than the value of the working load. 2.2 Maximum Working Load - The maximum working load in the transverse direction that is ever likely to occur including the wind pressure on the pole. This load is assumed to act at a point 600 mm below the connection of the bracket to the pole and will create a bending moment equal to the sum of the bending moments caused by the following loads : a) Wind pressure on the pole, bracket, luminaire and any raising or lowering contact gear; b) Overhanging weight of bracket and luminaire; and c) If raising and lowering gear is provided, the weight of such gear attached to the bracket plus 50 percent of the weight of the lumi- naire and the moving part of the gear. 2.3 Mounting Height - The mounting height is the vertical distance from the centre of the light source to the road surface or to the hori- zontal plane through the nearest point of the road where the light source is not vertically above it., Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised). 4IS : 1332 - 1986 2.4 Outreach - The outreach is the shortest distance between the vertical through the centre of the base of the pole and the vertical through the centre of the light source. 2.5 Ultimate Transverse Load - The load at which failure occurs when it is applied to a point 600 mm below the centre of light source and perpendicular to the axis of the pole along the transverse direction with the butt end of the pole planted to the required depth as intended in the design. 3. OVERALL LENGTH OF POLES 3.1 The minimum length of pole shall be arrived at after fixing the mounting height on the basis of traffic situation of the concerned street and adding thereto the minimum planting depth as mentioned in 5.3. However, in no case the pole length should be less than 5’2 m, consider- ing the minimum mounting height of 4’0 m and the corresponding planting depth of 1’2 m. For longer poles, the lengths shall be in steps of 0’5 m. 3.2 Tolerances - The tolerance on overall length and cross-sectional dimensions of the poles shall be f 15 mm and ?l; mm respectively. Tolerances on uprightness of the pole shall be 0’5 percent. 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Cement - Cement used in the manufacture of poles and fittings shall conform to IS : 269-1976, or IS : 455-1976t, or IS : 1489-1976$, or IS : 8041-19785, or IS : 8043-197811, or IS : 8112-19761. 4.2 Aggregates - Aggregates shall comply with the requirements of IS : 383-1970. Where specified, sample of aggregate shall be submit- ted to the purchaser for approval. The maximum size of aggregates shall in no case exceed 20 mm. Specification for ordinary and low heat Portland cement ( third revision ). lSpecification for Portland slag cement ( third revision ). $3pecification for Portland-pozzolana cement ( second revision ). §Specification for rapid hardening Portland cement (first revision). IlSpecification for hydrophobic Portland cement (first revision ). GSpecification for high strength ordinary Portland cement. *Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete ( second revision ).IS>1332-1986 4.2.1 Other types of aggregates such as slag and crushed overbumt brick or tile which may be found suitable with regard to.strength, durability of concrete and freedom from harmful effects may be used but such aggregates should not contain more than one percent of sulphates and should not absorb more than 10 percent of their own mass of water. 4.2;2 Heavy weight aggregates or light weight aggregates such as bloated clay aggregates and sintered fly ash aggregates may also be used provided the data on the properties of concrete made with them is satisfactory. 4.2.3 Fly ash conforming to IS : 3812-1981 may be used as part replacement of fine aggregates. 4.3 Reinforcement - The reinforcement shall be any of the following: a) Mild steel and medium tensile steelbars conforming to IS : 432 ( Part 1 )-1982?, b) ‘Deformed steel bars conforming to IS : 1786-1985f, or c) Structural steel bars conforming to IS : 226-19759. 4.3.1 The surface of all reinforcement shall be free from loose scales, oil, grease, clay or other materials that may have deteriorating,effect on the bond between reinforcement and the concrete. 4.4 Concrete - Concrete used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete poles shall not be less than grade M 20 specified in IS : 456-197811. 4.5 Admixtures - Admixtures may be used with the approval of the purchaser. The admixtures shall conform to IS : 9103-19797. 5. DESIGN 5.1 The poles shall be so designed that they do not fail owing to failure initiated by compression of concrete. Specification for fly ash for use as pozzolana and admixture (first revision ). tSpecification for mild steel and medium tensile steel bars and hard-drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement: Part 1 Mild steel and medium tensile steel bars ( third revision ). fSpecification for high strength deformed steel bars a: d wires for concrete reinforcement ( third revision ). SSpecification for structural steel ( standard quality ) (fifth revision ). $Zode of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third revision ). TjSpecification for admixtures for concrete. 6is:1332- 1986 5.2 ‘The,maximum wind pressure to be assumed for computing the design transverse load at first crack shall be as specified by the State Governments who are empowered in this behalf under the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956. In the absence of any data/information from the State Governments, wind pressure may be determined as specified in IS : 875-1964. The wind pressure may also be calculated considering the shape factor of poles and brackets depending on their plan shape as per IS : 875-1964. 5.3 Depth of Planting - The minimum depth of planting of a. pole below ground level shall be’in accordance with Table 1, the actual depth being determined on the basis of ground conditions. TABLE 1 MINIMUM DEPTH OF PLANTING OF- REINFORCED CONCRETE PQLES MOUNTING HEIGHT, m MINIMUM DEPTH IN GROUND, m REMARKS (1) (2) (3) 4-O to 6-O 1’20 7 In increments 6.5 to 7.5 1 50 k of preferably 8.0 to 9.0 1.80 J 0.5 m 5.4 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the distance from the lantern support to the centre of light source shall be taken as given in Table 2. TABLE 2 DISTANCE FROM LANTERN SUPPORT TO CENTRE OF LIGHT SOURCE SL MOUNTING NOMINALDISTANCE FROMLANTERN No. HEIGHT OF SUPPORTTOTHECENTREOFLIGHT POLES,m SOURCE,m m ~~_~_~_~~~~~ For Top For Side Entry Entry Lantern Lantern (1) (2) (3) (4) i) 4-O to 5.5 300 100 ii) 6’0 to 7’5 300 to 450’ 100 to 150 iii) 7’5 to 9 0 450 150 As specified by the purchaser. Code of practice for structural safety of buildings: Loading standards ( revised ). 7 __=- - c_II_______C_ --- --- _ ___._ ___“__ ,. c IIS.: 1332 - 1986 5.5 Outreach - This will be in standard length as specified in Table 3. TABLE 3 STANDARD LENGTH OF OUTREACH MOUNTING OUTREACH, m HEIGHT, m (1) (2) 4’5 Not exceeding O-5 m 6.01 Varying from 0.50 m to 1’5 > 2 75 m in steps of b25 m 9.OJ 5.5.1 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the distance between the vertical through the centre of light source of a side entry lantern and the extremity of the concrete on the bracket arm shall be taken as 300 mm nominal. 5.6 The poles shall be designed to resist the maximum bending moment due to a load of 90 kg or the maximum working load, whichever is greater, applied at 6C0 mm below the centre of light source or, if so specified by the purchaser, at a point immediately below the connection of the bracket to the pole. 5.7 The minimum load factor shall be 2’5 as stipulated in Rule No, 76 of the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956. This factor may be reduced to a value not ,less than 2’0 in case of street lighting poles by the State Governments who are empowered in this behalf under the Indian Electricity Rules, 1956. 5.8 In order to provide adequate impact resistance for poles in excess of 7’5 m in height and in particular to reduce the danger of collapse when subjected to impact, a minimum of 284mm2 of steel reinforcement shall be provided in the lower portion of the pole extending from a minimum distance of 600 mm below the ground line to a minimum height of 600 mm above the door opening. Effective means shall be 4 provided for maintaining it in position during the manufacture of the pole and all spacers or other devices used for this purpose shall be of rustproof material. Such steel shall be continuous and suitably dis- i tributed over the section of the concrete to resist impact from any direction and shall be spaced by means of transverse reinforcement to \ form a rigid cage. The diameter of the transverse reinforcement shall not be less than 5 mm at a spacing not greater than 16 times the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement in the pole. 5.9 Vertical Load on Bracket - The vertical load on the bracket shall be taken as equivalent to the weight of the lantern, weight of raising and” lowering gear attached to the bracket ( if used ) plus 50 percent of the weight of the lantern and of the moving part of that gear, the load 8IS : 1332 - 1986 being applied at point of support of the lantern with the bracket rigidly fixed to the pole in the designed manner. 5.10 Transverse Load on Bracket - The load caused by wind pressure on the lantern and bracket is considered as acting at the point of support of the lantern with the bracket fixed to the pole. The design of the connections of bracket to pole shall provide for torsional stresses due to wind load on the bracket and the lantern. 6. FITTINGS 6.1 Spigot - When poles with top spigots are required, and unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the following sizes shall be provided: a) For 6, 7’5 and 9 m mouting heights: A spigot with 100 mm dia and 150 mm long. b) For 4’5 m mounting height : A spigot with SO mm dia and 80 mm long. 6.2 Nipples -Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, nipples shall be provided at the end of the bracket as follows: a) For mounting heights, 7’5 and 9 m: 3 To Take Pendant Lanterns - Vertical 30 mm gas nipple having at least 40 mm of exposed thread; ii) To Take Side Entry Lanterns - 30 mm steel tubing with end horizontal and plain or threaded, as specified by the purchaser. b) For mounting heights, 4’5 and 6 m: i) To Take Pendant Lanterns - Vertical 20 mm or 30 mm gas nipple having at least 25 mm of exposed thread; ii) To Take Side Entry Lanterns - 20 mm or 30 mm steel tubing with end horizontal and plain or threaded, as specified by the purchaser. 6.3 Ladder Arms - If required, and unless otherwise specified, ladder arms shall be as follows: a) Double arms, each of 250 mm overall projections; and b) Single arm, of 550 mm overall projection. 6.4 Door and Door Openings - Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, a weatherproof door with a locking device, which will resist unauthorised entry, shall be included in the pole. The door opening shall be of size agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 94s : 1332 - 1986 6.4.1 .The bottom of the opening shall be at least 300 .mm above ground level. 6.5 All metal works shall be of non-corroding metal or of metal suitably protected against corrosion. 6,6 Bore - All ,poles shall have aasmooth walled central duct of dia- meter not less than 30 mm for the,,purpose of,taking the supply from the base to the lighting unit at top. 6.7 Service Connections - Suitable apertures shall be provided on at least two sides of the, pole below ground~level $or the entry of electric cables or gas sexvice pipes. Unless otherwise specified, service slots shall be approximately 225 mm long and 75 mm wide with the top at least 300 mm below ground level. The edges of the slot shall be suitably rounded to prevent damage to the sheath or armouring of the cables. 6.8 Breathing Holes - Breathing holes shall be provided in the door and ,also as close to the top of the pole as is practicable to allow circulation of air and to limit condensatioo. The holes shall be suitably protected against the entry of rain water. 7. MANUFACTURE 7.1 All reinforcement shall be accurately placed and maintained in position during manufacture. All spacers and other devices used to obtain the necessary cover shall be of corrosion-resistant material. 7.2 Cover - Unless otherwise specified; the cover of concrete over alE reinforcement in the case of centrifugally spun poles, shall be not less than 15 mm. In the case of poles made by any other mechanical compaction process, the cover shall be at least equal to the maximum size of aggregate plus 2 mm but in no case less than 20 mm. In case of corrosive atmosphere, cover may be suitably increased. 7.3 Welding and Lapping of Reinfwcement - The strength of welded joints shall be equal to the strength of the bars or at least to that of the smaller bar where the bars joined differ in sectional area. Where the bars are lapped, these shall be staggered and the lap shall conform to IS : 456-1978. 7.4 Compacting - Concrete shall be compacted by spinning, vibrating, shocking or other suitable mechanical means. Hand compaction shail not be permitted. 7.5 Curing - The concrete shall be covered with a layer of sacking, ,canvas, hessian or similar absorbent material and kept constantly wet Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third revision ). 10IS : 1332 - 3936 until .the concrete attains sufficient strength. ,Then the poles and brackets may,be:temoved from the mould and watered at intervals to prevent surface ,craoking of the unit; the interval shall depend on the atmospheric humidity md Qem.perature. Steam curing nray also be permitted. 7.6 During manufacture, daily tests on concrete cubes shall be carried out till the concrete achieves the required strength. ‘Thereafter the tests on concrete shall be carried out as detailed in IS : 456-1978. The lnanufacturer shall supply, w-hen required by the purchaser or his repkesentative, results of compressive tests conducted in accordance with fS : 456-1978* on concrete cubes made from the concrete used for the poles. If the purchaser so desires;tbe,manufacturer shall supply cubes for test purposes and such cubes shall r.be tested in accordance with JS : 456-1978. 7.7 Earthing - Earthing shall be provided by either of the following means: a) By having a length of galvanized iron wire of 4 mm diameter or equivalent strip or equivalent bare copper cable embedded in concrete during manufacture and the ends of the wire or strip or cable left projecting from the pole to a length of 100 mm at 2 15 mm from top and I 50 mm below ground level. b) By providing two holes of suitable dimensions 215 mm from top and 150 mm below ground level to enable a galvanized iron wire of 4 mm diameter or equivalent strip or equivalent bare copper cable to be taken from the top hole to the bottom hole through the central hollow. IVOTE - The details of embedment of the wire or strip or cable shall; be as agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 7.8 Finish - The poles shall be of good finish and free from honey- combing. The surfaces of the poles in contact with the moulds shall be smooth and regular in shape. All arrises shall be clear and well-defined so as to present a neat appearance. 8. TESTS 8.1 Transverse Strength Test for Poles - The transverse strength test of poles shall be cor,ducted in accordance with IS : 2905-1966t. The poles tested as above shall comply with the following requirements: a) The permanent set after removal of test load, 60 percent greater than the working load, shall not exceed 15 percent of the deflection at that lcad. *Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( third revision ). tMethods of test for concrete poles for overhead power and telecommunication lines. 11JS : 1332 - 1986 b) The pole shall be deemed not to have passed the test if cracks wider than 0’1 mm appear at a stage prior to the application of the design transverse load at first crack and/or the observed ultimate transverse load is less than the design ultimate transverse load. 8.2 Strength Test for Brackets 8.2.1 The brackets shall be tested either in its normal position at the top of the pole or fixed into a special pole head of identical dimensions, which may be a portion cut from a pole. The pole or pole head shall be rigidly fixed in a vertical position. 8.2.2 Vertical and transverse test loads calculated in accordance with 5.9 and 5.10 shall be gradually applied at the end of the bracket, the ratio between the vertical and transverse loads being kept constant. When the maximum working leads are reached, it shall be maintained for at least 2 minutes and the maximum deflection shall be measured. 8.2.3 The load shall then be reduced to zero and the residual deflec- tion shall be measured after 10 minutes. 8.2.4 The brackets shall be considered satisfactory if the recovery is at least 75 percent of the maximum deflection while under load. 8.2.5 The load causing failure shall be not less than ‘ the maximum working load multiplied by the load factor considered in the design ‘. 9. SAMPLING AND INSPECTION 9.1 Scale of Sampling 9.1.1 Lot - In a consignment, 500 poles ( or brackets ) or a part thereof of the same mounting height, same dimensions and belonging to the same batch of manufacture, shall be grouped together to constitutes .a lot. 9.1.2 For ascertaining the conformity of the materials in the lot to the requirements of this specification, samples shall be tested from each lot separately. 9.1.3 The number of poles or brackets to be selected from the lot shall ,depend on the size of the lot and shall be according to Table 4. ‘9.2 Number of Tests and Criteria for Conformity 9.2.1 All the poles/brackets selected according to 9.1.3 shall be tested for overall lerlgth, cross-section and uprightness ( see 3.2 >. A pole/ .bracket failirg to satisfy one or more of these requirements shall be considered as defective. All the poles/brackets in the lot shall be considered as conforming to these requirements if the number of defective poles/brackets found in the sample is less than or equal to the corresponding acceptance number given in co1 3 of Table 4. 12IS : 1332- 1986 TABLE 4 SCALE OF SAMPLING AND PERMISSIBLE NUMBER OF DEFECTIVES ( Claw3 9.1.3 and 9.2.1 ) No. OF POLES DIMENSIONALR EQUIREMENTS TRANSVERSE T;I&Ns~~;; OR BRACKETS r_--~----5 STRENGTHA T IN THE LOT Sample Acceptance FIRST CRACK ULTIMATE Size Number (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) up to loo 10 1 2 Nil 101 to 200 15 1 3 Nil 201 to 300 20 2 4 Nil 301 to 500 30 3 5 1 NOTE - The poles or brackets tested up to first crack may be used, provided the crack is closed after removal of the load. 9.2.2 The lot having been found satisfactory according to 9.2.1 shall be further tested for transverse strength ( see 8.1 ) of the poles. For this purpose, the number of poles given in co1 4 of Table 4 shall be tested. These poles may be selected from those already tested according to 9.2.1 and found satisfactory. All these poles tested for transverse strength shall satisfy the corresponding specification requirements. If one or more poles fail, twice the number of poles originally tested shall be selected from those a!ready selected and subjected to this test. If there is no failure among these poles, the lot shall be considered to have satisfied the requirements of this test. 9.2.3 All the brackets selected from the lot according to 9.1.3 shall be subjected to strength test for brackets (see 8.2 ). All the brackets tested for strength test shall satisfy the requirements of this specification. If one or two brackets fail, twice the number of bracketsoriginally tested shall be selected from the lot and subjected to this test. If there is no failure among these brackets, the lot shall be considered to have satisfied the requirements of the specification. If more than two brackets fail, the lot shall be considered not to have satisfied the requirements of the specification. 10. MARKING 10.1 The poles shall be clearly and indelibly marked with the following particulars either during or after the manufacture, but before testing, at a position so as to be clearly read after erection in position: a) Month and year of manufacture; b) Name of the manufacturer, or his registered trade-mark, or both; c) Serial number of the poles; and d) Position of centre of gravity of the poles with the words ‘ C.G. ’ 1310.1.1Ea ch pole may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provision of the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard, under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for confor- mity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manu- facturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 11.b NRFDoE”K”A’ION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH THE ENQUIRY OR 11.1 The following information shall be supplied with enquiry or order: a) Mounting height; b) Type of lantern and outreach; 4 Weight of lantern and, if provided, weight of raising and lowering gear; d) Spigot and nipples ( see 6;l and 6.2 ); 4 Angle which the axis of the nipple at the end of the bracket makes with the vertical ( see 6.2 ); f 1 Ladder arms, if required ( see 6.3 ); d Size of door opening ( see 6.4 ); h) Any special reqyirements in respect of depth of planting; and j), Position and size ofservice slots ( see 6.7 ).( Continuedfrompage 2 ) Members Representing SUPERINTENDINGE NGINEER Public Works Department, Government of ( DESIGNS ) Tamil Nadu. EXECUTIVEE NGINEER( SMD ) ( DIVISION ) ( Alternate ) SHRI L. SWAROOP Orissa Cement Limited, New Delhi SHRI H. BHATTACHAKYYA ( Akernafe ) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officio Member ) Director ( CIV Engg ) Secretary SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY Deputy Direct or ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Concrete PolevSubcommittec,, BDC 2’: 12 Convener DR N. RAGHAV~NDRA National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi Members SHRI J. L. BANDYOPADHYAY Indian Posts and Telegraph Department, Jabalpur SHRI V. V. SURYA RAO ( Alternate ) SHRI S. N. BASU Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, N_ e_w -D e-l.h-i- SI-IRI T. N. OBOVEJA ( Afternate ) SHRI R. S. BHATIA Punjab State Electricity Board. Patiala SHRI S. K. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI P. C. CHATTERJEE Orissa Cement Ltd, Rajgangpur SHRI U. N.~ RATH ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( RE ‘) Central Electricity Authority, Rural Electri- fication. Directorate, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RE ) ( Alternate ) SHRI G, L.. DUA RuralD$ictrification Corporation Ltd, New SHR~ S. K. SETHI ( Afternate ) SHRI P. C. JAIN Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Head- quarters, New:Delhi SHR~ S~JCHA SINGH ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTQR STANDARDS Research, Designsand Standards Organization ( B & S ) CB-IL ( Mmistry of Railways ), Lucknow ASSISTANTD. IRECTOR (E) ( B.&S )-I ( Afternate) SHRI N. G. JOSHI The Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd. Bombay SHRI R. SAMPAT KUMARAM Delhi Electric Supply Undertaking, New Delhi SHRI RAMESH CHANDER ( Alternate ) SHRI A. V. TALATI The Steelpipe and Fabrication Works, Vadodara SHRI H. C. SHAH ( Afternate ) SHRI T. G. TEPAM Maharashtra State Electricity Board; Bombay SHRI R. B. JOSHI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. THIAGARAJAN Tamilnadu Electricity Board, Madras SHRI LAKSHMINARASIMHAN( Alternate ) 15INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS) Base Units Quantity Unit Symbol Length metre m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Thermodynamic kelvin K temperature Luminous intensity candela cd Amount of substance mole mol Supplementary Units Quantity Unit Symbol Plane angle radian rad Solid angle steradian ST Derived Units Quantity Unit Symbol Definition Force newton N 1N = 1 kg.m/s2 Energy joule J 1J = 1 N.m Power watt W 1w = 1 J/s Flux weber Wb 1 Wb = 1 V.S Flux density tesla T 1T = 1 Wb/m2 Frequency hertz HZ 1 Hz = 1 c/s(@) Electric conductance siemens S 1s = 1 A/V Electromotive force volt v 1v = 1 W/A Pressure, stress Pascal Pa 1 Pa = 1 N/m2
10261.pdf	IS : 10261 - 1962 (Reafflrmed 1996) Indian Standard REQUIREMENTS FOR SETTLING TANK ( CLARIFIER EQUIPMENT ) FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT ( First Reprint OCTOBER 1997 ) UDC 628.314.6 43 Copyright 1983 RUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 4 January 1983IS:10261-MS2 Indian Standard REQUIREMENTS FOR SETTLING TANK ( CLARIFlER EQUIPMENT ) FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT Public Health Engineering Equipment Sectional Committee, BDC 40 Chairman Representing DR B. B. SUNDARESAN National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur Members ADVISER ( PHE ) Ministry of Works & Housing, New Delhi Dn S. R. STJ~LA ( ANnnufe ) SARI N. S. BHAIRVAN Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Kerala, Trivandrum SERI 0. P. BISBN~~ U. P. Jai Nigam, Lucknow San1 S. S. SRIVASTAVA ( Alfernate ) SHRI R. C. P. CHAIJDHARY Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SRRI K. RVDRAPPA ( Alternate ) SHRI D. K. CKOUDEURY Geo-Miller 8; Co, Calcutta SHRI D. R. MALL ( Alternate ) CRIES ENGINEER Department of Health, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta SHRI T. N. CRATTERJEE ( Alternate ) CEIEF ENGINEER ( WATER ) Municipal Corporation of Delhi SHRI JAI N~RA~ ( Afternate ) SHRI S. K. DASQUPTA Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority, Calcutta SERI S. J. DU~A ( Alternate ) DEPUTYM UNICIPAL COMZ~ISSIONERM unicipal Corporation of Greater Bombay, Bombay HYDRAULIC ENGINEER ( Alternate I ) CHIEF EYOINEER ( SEWERAGE ) ( Alternate II ) SHRI B. R. N. GUPTA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SERI K. V. KRISHNAMURTHY ( Alternate ) SRRI R. KRISHNASWAMY Tarniayrap Water Supply & Drainage Board, SHRI S. A. JAODESAN ( Alternate ) SKRI M. Y. MADAN The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay- SHRI C. E. S. RAO ( Alternate ) ( ContinuCno n page 2 ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication w protected under the Indian Copyight Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any m&m except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the aaid Act.ISr10261-1982 Manbrrs Repmenting SHRX S. R. MAJUMDJE~ Paterson Engineering Co ( India ) Ltd, Calcutta MEMBER SECRETARY Central Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution I Ministry of Works & HowinE ) _ DR K. R. R ANOtiATHAC ( Ahrmte ) . . SERI L. S. MEETA Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association, Bombay SRRI R. K. SHUKLA ( Altcrnatr ) Sam A. R. Mm Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar SARI G. M. KANTR ( Altmatr) SHRI D. V. S. MURTEY M. P. State Prevention and Control of Water Pollu- tion Board, Bhopal SJXRIV . S. B4NSaL ( Alternate ) SHRI S. S. N UK Hydraulic & General Engineers Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI D. R. KENICEE ( Alternatr ) Sam R. N~T~RAJAN Hindustan Dorr Oliver Ltd, Bombay S HRI B. M. RAH~ ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. NE~QI Institution of Public Health Engineers India, Calcutta SHRI D. K. GROSH ( AltUtUZt6) SRRl M. M. P \TEL Indian Water Works Association, Bombay SERI V. RAXAN National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur SHRI Y. K. R 4NOAR 4JU The Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi SRRI A. N LRAYANAN ( .‘fhrMt~ ) Saar D. R. JAQANNATE RAO Public Health Engineerin: Dtpnrtment, Govem- ment of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal SHRI M. G. VAIDYA ( &mate ) PROF S. SUREA RAO All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta SHRI A. V. RAO ( Altcmatr ) REPRESENTATIVE Public Health Engineering Department, Government of Punjab. CiandigaGh _ REPRESENTATIW Direct;;;: General of rechnical Development, New REPRESENTATIVE Public Health Engineering Department, Govem- ment of Haryana, Chandigarh SHRI K. K. G~~DFII I Altrrnatu 1 SHRI P. V. SOXASEKEAI~’ ‘Public Works and Electric Department, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore SHRI S. A. SWAMY The Insitution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SERI P. S. TEVD~LKAR Candy Filters ( India ) Ltd, Bombay SHRI c. L. S QSTRI ( Alternate ) . SERI V. V~RADARAJAN Madras M?tro?olitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board, Madras SaRr S. D 4IVAMANI ( Alternate ) SFIW G. RAM\N, Director GeneraI, BIS ( Ex-OMO Mum&r ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secrrtary SEIICI A. K. AVASTHY Assiitant Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS ( Continuedonp agr 14 ) 218:10261-1982 Indian Stan&d REQUIREMENTS FOR SETTLlNG TANK ( CLARIFIER EQUIPMENT ) FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT 0. FOREWORD 0.1T his Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 24 September 1982, after the draft finalized by the Public Health Engineering Equipment Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 A series of Indian Standards covering various types of equipment used in waste water treatment are being formulated to give guidance to local bodies, public health engineering departments and others in setting up treatment plants. l’his standard covers the requirements for clarifiers which are normally provided for the removal of suspended solids from waste water. The location of clarifier tanks with respect to other units in the treatment plants shall be determined by the type of process adopted and flow sheet employed for treatment. 0.3 The settling characteristics vary from waste to waste, and in some industry one waste stream to another or combined waste. 0.3.1 The waste after neutralization when applied to clarifiers, can have higher over flow rate than that for the sewage ( as the chemical sludges usually have higher settling rate ). Therefore, the over flow rates for different industrial waste can be arrived at after having conducted laboratory settling columns studies, and the values may be modified taking into account the actual prototype. Recommendations given below for overflow rates, min’mum side water depth, detention time, weir load- ings, bottom slopes, etc, are only for general guidance and indicate the basis of preparation of this specification: a) OverJow rates Average ( m314m ) i) Primary settling tank 25-30 ii) Primary settling tank followed by secondary 35-50 treatment iii) Primary settling tank with activated sludge 25-35 return 318:16261-1962 iv) Secondary settling tank for trickling filter 10-25 v) Secondary settling tank for activated sludge 15-35 ( excluding extended aeration ) vi) Secondary settling tank for extended aeration 8-15 b) Minimum sick water defith - The minimum side water depth in rectangular or circular horizontal flow tanks shall not be less than 2.0 m. For clarification after activated sludge process, the minimum depth shall be 2.60 m. c) Detention fimG- For sewage treatment, the detention period in primary sedimentation tanks 2 to 21 hours and in secondary sedimentation tank la to 2 hours will produce the optimum results. Longer detention may be necessary in case of industrial wastes with or without chemical precipitation. d) Weir loadings - For primary, intermediate and secondary sedimentation tanks except in case of secondary tanks for activated sludge process, weir loading not greater than 100 ms/ d/m for average flow is recommended. For secondary settling tank in activated sludge or its modifications, the weir loading shall not exceed 150 mydIm. . e) %ottoQns lopes - The floars of settling tank shall be provided with sludge collection hoppers and the sludge scrapping mechanism shall be arranged to collect the settled solids from the entire floor area and deliver it to the collection hopper. The floor shall be sloped towards the centre in the case of hopper bottom tanks and to a central sludge pocket. The floor slope shall be of the order of 1 in 12 or steeper for circular and square tanks and one percent or less for rectangular tanks. Flat bottom tanks v$th continuous sludge removal may be used for secondary settling tank only. For vertical flow tanks, the slope of the hopper should not be less than 60” to the horizontal. All sharp corners of the clarifiers should be rounded. 0.4 Typical sketch showing the details of settling tank is given in Fig. 1. 0.5 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international coordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to reIating it to the practices in the field in this country. 4ISt10261-1982 OOUBLE EOOCO ‘!FFLUEMl W&WE‘ PLAN F.FFtUEW LAUMDER WllH WCIR on SECTlOW ELEVATION FIG. 1 TYPICAL SKETCH OF SETTLINGTANK 5ISrla261-1982 0.6 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of ‘a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord- ante with IS : 2-196W . The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the requirements of settling tank used in treat- ment of waste water. 2. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION 2.1 Materials to be used in different components are given in Table 1. 3. DESCRIPTION OF CONSTRUCTION 3.1 Iduent Pipe 3.1.1 The influent pipe laid underneath the floor of clarifier ( circular or square ) shall be embedded in concrete or in compacted sand in a excavated trench to ensure adequate protection to the pipe against settlement of concrete structure or subsoil water pressure, Pipe/pressure conduit and pipe joint after laying and before being embedded in concrete or before the floor or clarifier is laid shall be hydraulically tested to 2 times the maximum working static head and for internal and external pressures. 3.1.2 The inlet pipe laid inside the tank, up to the diTpers:on box ( acting as deflector ) shall be adequately ;upporterl from the fixed bridge walkway. The dispersion box shall be made of mild steel plate not less than 6 mm thick, adequately stiffened. 3.1.3 Inlet pipe for hopper bottom tank shall be laid across up to the centre and brought down vertically into the hopper portion. A typical illustration of hopper bottom tank is shown in Fig. 2. 3.1.4 In the case of long horizontal settling tank, inlet pipe is fitted to a distribution channel inside at one end. This inlet channel shall be provided with adequate number of orifice holes at its bottom to provide uniform distribution of flow across the width of the tank. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( rwisud ). 6L AUNDER 7 SLUDGE SUMP FIG. 2 'TYPICAL SKETCH OF HOPPERB OTTOMS ETTLINGT ANK 3.2 Sludge Draw Off Pipe 3.2.1 Pipes after laying and jointing shall be tested to 2 times the maximum working hydrostatic head. The pipe laying shall be done as described in 3.1.1 for circular or square settling tank. 3.2.2 ?or hopper bottom, sludge pipe shall follow the inclined surface of the hopper and come out of the tank through the vertical wall of the settling tank as shown in Fig. 2. The diameter of the sludge pipe shall not be less than 200 mm. 3.2.3 For long rectangular settling tank, ridge and furrow arrangement along the length of the tank shall be provided for the collection of sludge ( see Fig. 3 ). 3.2.4 Sludge Draw Of Valve 3.2.4.1 The sludge draw off valves may be of cast iron sluice valves, or cast iron rubber-lined diaphragm valves. Where the valve is well below ground level, mild stee1 extension spindle fitted with hand wheel shall be provided for convenience of operation. 7IS:l9261-1982 TABLE 1 MATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF SETTLING TANK (CLARIFIER FQUIPMENT ) FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT ( Cfousc 2.1 ) COMPONENTS REFERENCF:T O INT)IAN %. STAND_4RDS (1) (2) (3) (4) 1. a) Influent pipe cast iron pipe Class LA of IS : 1536-1976f ( Pipe laid across the Steel pipe ( lined ) or 1S : 1537-1976t tank inside ) RCC conduit b) Pipe fittings Cast iron IS : 1538-1976$ 2. Sludge draw o$ f$e a) Pipe Cast iron IS : 1536-1376’ or IS: 1537-1976t b) Sluice valve Cast iron IS : 780-19805 3. Srudgc sdrapping a) Scraper blades Mild steel IS : 226-19751, b) Frame/rake arm Mild steel IS : 226-19751’ c) Rotating/ fixed bridge i) Bridge Mild steel IS : 226-197511 RCC - ii) Traction rail Mild steel IS : 226-1975jl iii) Walkway Anti corrosive paint IS : 226-1975/i or epoxy paint- ed or galvanized mild steel grill 01 galvanized cheque- red plate iv) Handrailing Anti corrosive paint .IS : 226-1975:’ or epoxy paint- ed or galvanized mild steel rngle or galvanized tube d) Driving equipment i) Main driving wheel Cast iron IS : ZlO-19787[ Cast steel IS : 1030-1974* ii) Worm gear Cast iron 1S : 210-1978’0 Cast aluminium IS : 617-1975w bronze iii) Bevel gear Cast iron IS : 210-19787 iv) Spur gear Alloy steel IS : 1570-1961$# v) Gear box cover Cast iron IS : 210-197811 ( Continued) 81s:102$1-1982 TABLE I lUATERIAL FOR CONSTRUCTION FOR DIPPERENT COMPONENTS OF SETTLING TANK ( CLARIFIER w--NT) FOR WASTE WATER TREATMENT- Cod SL COMPONENTS M 4TERIAL REFERENOE TO INDIAN NO. STANDARDS (1) (2) (3) (4) vi) Cover for main driving Mild steel ( epoxy IS : 226-197511 wheel coated a galvani- !&ad) Cast iron IS : 210-1978W vii) Housing for main Cast iron IS : 210-19788 driving wheel viii) Worm gear housing Cast iron IS : 210-197t3g ix) Bearing balls High carbon steel IS : 2898-19768 x) Coupling Cast iron IS : 2693-1964l)il xi) Chain sprocket drive Steel IS : 2403-1975119 xii) Traction wheel Rubber/chrome-nickel +- tyred or carbon steel case hardened xiii) Shaft Cold finished steel IS : 1570-196lt$ xiv) Cage Mild steel IS : 226-197511 xv). Weirs Mild steel IS : 226-197511 Fibre reinforced - Plastic xvi) Dispersion box Mild steel IS : 226-197511 Specification for centifugally cast ( spun ) iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage ( secondr misim ). +Specification for vertically cast iron pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage (_/lrsr rruision) , SSpecification for cast iron fittings for pressure pipes for water, gas and sewage ( second reoision ) . @ISpecification for sluice valves for water-works purposes ( 59 to 399 mm size ) ( fburfi rct&sn ). !lSpecification for structural steel ( standard quality ) (Jfth rmisbn ). 9Specification for grey iron castings ( third revision) . fSoecification for carbon steel castings for general engineering purposes ( sccmrd ret.Gon ): ~Specilication for aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings for general engineering purposes ( second re~li~ion1 . :$Ichedules for wrought steels for general engineering purposes. &Specification for steel balls for rolling bearings (J&t mision ). IlllSpecification for cast iron flexible couplings. ~~Specification for transmission steel roller chains and chain wheels ( JirJt rsoisien) . 9INLE V CHANNEL INLEI PLPE OUTLET PIPE 1I@1 If-’ ii SLUMiB DRAIN 8 K t 8 - L SLUDDE PIPES WITH b SLUICE VALVE Al THE END PLAN SECTiONAL ELEVATION 12.5 mm WIDE CROSS SECTION DETAILS OF SLITS INLET CHANNEL FIG. 2 TYPICAL DETAILS~ORF ECTANGULARS ETTLINGT ANK .g” 10 : 3, i^IS : 10261- 1982 3.4.4.2 In case timer controlled sludge valve is used, a by-pass with a sluice valve shall be provided for the same. In addition, two sluice valves, one on either side of the timer controlled valve shall be used to enable the latter to be completely removed for repairs if so required at any time. This timer controlled sludge valve shall be rising spindle type sluice valve with cylinder. Either water or pneumatic pressure shall only be used for the operation of above valves. Timer shall be electrically operated mechanical type or electronic. A solenoid operated pilot valve is required to operate the above valves. 4. CLARIFIED/SETTLED WATER COLLECTION FROM TOP 4.1 For circular or square tank, normally peripheral collecting launder is provided. To ensure uniform collection all along the periphery orifices at predetermined points or mild steel weir plate with 90” ‘V’ notches along with suitable weir clamps shall be provided. Weir plate shall not be less than 6 mm thick ( see IS : 9108-1979 ). 4.1.1 Anchor bolts shall be of galvanized steel. 4.2 For long rectangular settling tank over 20 m length, series of collect- ing launders with inter-connection across the width of the tank at the opposite end of inlet shall be provided to cater for the required weir loading. These launders may have weir plate or submerged orifice holes. 5. SLUDGE SCRAPPING 5.1 For circular, square and rectangular tank without hopper bottom sludge scrapping mechanism shall be provided. Long rectangular tanks without sludge scrapping mechanism with a duplicate tank as stand-by for manual sludge cleaning may be used. For horizontal flow rectangular settling tanks scr’aper supported on travelling bridge moving to and fro along the length or scraper mounted on endless chain may be provided. 5.2 Sludge scrapping is done by inclined steel plates known as scraper blades fitted to the structural steel rake arm of frame. Blades shall be inclined to the axis of the frame or rake, so as to push the sludge towards centre. Blades are normally straight or curved inward. Ho izontal projection of scrapers blades shall overlap each other. The scrapping blades are provided normally for 4 or full diameter of the tank depend- ing on its size and also considering peripheral speed of the scrapping arm. This scrapping arm is either attached to a rotating bridge by means of vertical supports or attached to a centre drive cage. Rotating bridge is driven by a motor, reduction gear box, etc, at the periphery and centre drive cage is driven by the same method at the centre of the tank. Further Liquid flow measurement in open channels using thin plate weirs.IS:10261- 1982 scraper arm extending full diameter of the tank can also be driven by a rotating bridge driven at the periphery, scrapen arm being attached to centre cage which is in turn fixed to the rotating’b%ige at the centre of the tank. For large size tanks that is 55 m diameter or above, the bridge sometimes extends to the full diameter driven at both ends and scrapers are attached to the bridge by vertical sul)ports. For square tanks, a fixed bridge up to the ccntre of the tank is provided. Raking arms extending full diameter have pivoted pentograph- action extension‘, with corner blades attached to the outer ends. Corrosion resistant wheels mounted on the extension arms ride against steel plates embedded in the side walls to guide corner scraper blades. The pivoted extension of arms kept in contact with the tank wallstat all times by a spring. 5.3 Scraper Drive 5.3.1 Centre Drive - Centre drive mechanism shall consist of a drive unit with overload alarm, tipping device, structural steel’ scraper arms of and bridge, handrail, walkway ( up to the centre ) and in case primary clarifiers, the mechanism shall also have a skimmer with scum baffle and scum collection tank. It shall be arranged to provide the required speed. It shall consist of internal and external spur gear and pinion assembly driven by a motor through a series of reduction gear boxes which in turn will provide the required speed to the scraper arms. The chain drive may be incorporated if necessary. The reduction gear shall preferably be oil-immersed type, and the motor shall conform to the requirements of IS : 325-1970 or IS : 996-1964t as applicable. 5.3.2 This drive is mounted on an end carriage on which the rotating bridge is,also mounted. The drive consists of a motor and reduction gear box driving the traction wheel through a spur or bevel gear or chain drive. The tip speed for circular tanks shall not exceed 3 m/min and for rectangular tanks, it shall not exceed 0.3 m/min. 5.4 Protective devices for motors to stop against overload shall be provided. 5.5 Scum Removal - The skimmer shall consist of a structural steel unit spanning between the dispersion box and periphery of the tank and arranged in such a manner as to collect the scum at one point near the periphery of the tank. The skimmer arm shall be provided with neoprene rubber skimming device attached to the skimmer blade. A scum baffle, at least 15 cm above water level, and extending to at least 30 cm below Specification for three-phase induction motors ( third revision 1. $3pecification for single-phase small ac and universal electric motors ( wised). 12IS : 10261- 1982 the water level, shall be provided along the entire periphery for prevent- ing escape of scum with the clarified sewage. A scum trough of mild steel or RCC and of adequate size shall be provided for collection and disposal of scum. 5.6 Bridge - If bridge is less than 90 cm high, hand railing shall be provided on top beam so as to make a total height of 1-O m. 6. TESTING OF SCARPPING MECHANISM 6.1 Bridge or centre drive shall be run in dry condition to check align- ment of traction wheels, rails and mechanical fouling of scrapping arms and blades with floor or walls,of the tank. Particular attention shall be given to the traction wheel so that it never slips on the rails. Dry running should be continued for at least 4 to 5 hours. 7. PAINTING 7.1 All fabricated surfaces to be painted shall be thoroughly dried and freed from rust and grease. All steel components shall be given coat of red oxide primer and three coats of finish paint [ set IS : 1477 ( Part I )- 1971 and IS : 1477 ( Part II )-197Lt 1. , - Code of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings : Part I Pretreatment ( Jirst rsvui0.3 ) . tCode of practice for painting of ferrous metals in buildings : Part II Painting ( JFrst rewion ) . 13IS I 19261-1982 ( Continued ff ovl pugs 2 ) Waste Water Treatment Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 40 : 2 Convener Rcfnwlting DnB.B. SUNDARESAN National Environmental Engineering Research Institute ( CSIR ), Nagpur Snnr S. K. GADKARI (Alternateto Dr B. B. Sundaresan ) &RI R. R. Bao~r Institution of Public Health Engineera India, Calcutta SHRI S. K. NEOOI ( Alternate) SEKI N. S: BHAI?AVAN Public He&h Engineering Department, Govern ment of Kerala, Trivandrum SHRI S. P. JAMES ( Alttmatu ) SURI S. B~o~TALIN~AX Kerala State Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Trivandrum SHRI J. D. JOYSIN~~ ( Alternafc ) S~KI 0. P. BISRNOI Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam, Lucknow SERI S. S...%IVASTAVA ( Ahsfnute ) CHAIRMAN Haryana State Board for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Chandigarh M~BER-SECRETARY ( Alternuts ) CHIEF ENGINEER ( SEWERAGE ) Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER ( SEWERAQE ) ( Alternate ) SHRI M. M. DATTA Central Public Health and Environmental Engincer- ing Organization, New Delhi DR I. RADHAKRISHNAN ( Ahnate) SHRI M. Y. M LDAN The Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI C. E. S. RAO ( Alternate) PROF B. L. M UEAB 4~ Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay SHRI R. V. S. MURTHY ( Altcrnats ) SHRI U. C. M 4NKAD M/s Geo-Miller & Co Pvt Ltd, New Delhi SHRI D. K. CHAUDEURY ( Alternate ) MEXBER~ECRETARY Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, New Delhi DR K. R. RWOANATHAN ( Alternuts) SERI D. V. S. MURTHY M. P. State Prevention and Control of Water Pollu- tion Board, Bhopal SH~I S. S. NAIK Hydraulic & General Engineers Pvt Ltd, Bombay Saar D. R. KENERE ( Alkr~te) SHRI R. NWARAJAN Hindustan Dorr-Oliver Ltd, Bombay SHRI B. M. R AHUL( Altsrnots ) DR N. RAJASEKHARAN Pennwait India Limited, Bombay PROF S. SUBHA RAO All India Imtitute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta SHRI A. V. Rno ( Allernatc ) DR K. RUDRAPPA Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SERI R. N. TIWA~I ( Altcmut6 ) SHRI V. SATYAXURTHI M/s EIMCO-KCP Ltd, Madras SERI T. SUBRAEX~NYAX ( Alternatr ) Saar C. L. SASTRI Candy Filters ( India ) Ltd, Bombay SERI D. B. PARWAR ( Afternat ) . . 14BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131. 323 3375, 323 9402 Fax:91113234082. 91113239399,91113239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) cent& Laboratory: Telephone Plot No. 2019, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, SAHIBABAD 201010 s-770032 Reglond Of&es: Central : Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 78 17 ‘Eastern : l/14 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA700054 337 88 82 Northern : SC0 335338, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 180022 80 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 800113 235 23 15 Western : Manakafava. EQ Behind Mar01 Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95’ MUMBAI 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’. Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 5501348 +Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangatore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55 BANGALORE 580058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T Nagar, BHOPAL 482003 55 40 21 Plot No. 82-83, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 40 38 27 Kataikathir Buildings, 870 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 841037 21 01 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 18 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01 Savitri Complex, 118 G. T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 54 11 37 5-8-58C, L. N., Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 20 10 83 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 8878 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 LUCKNOW 228001 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 28 23 05 T. C. No. 14/1421, University P. 0. Palayam, 821 17 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 895034 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 32 38 35 ‘Safes Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P 0. Princep Street, CALCUTTA 700072 27 10 85 t.Sales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 85 28 Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 580002 Prlnted al New lndta Printing Press, Khurjs, lndta
4226.pdf	IS : 4226 - 1988 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR FIRE SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS: ALUMINIUM(MAGNESIUM POWDER FACTORIES ( First Revision ) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was details of construction, fire safety and equipment adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on have been formulated. This revision has, there- 7 June 1988, after the draft finalized by the Fire fore, been prepared so as to keep details of cons- Safety Sectional Committee has been approved by truction and use of fire fighting equipment accord- the Civil Engineering Division Council. ing to the latest codes. Since magnesium powder factories are also having similar type of hazard, 0.2 The main causes of explosions and fires in the scope of this standard has now been enlarged production and/or storage of aluminium and to cover such types of factories as well. magnesium powders are bad house keeping, con- gestion, improper electrical equipment, spark from 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a parti- foreign material in the stock, friction and static cular requirement of this standard is complied electricity. In order to prevent and reduce losses with, the final value, observed or calculated, ex- due to fires and explosions, it is necessary to plan pressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be carefully the layout of the buildings and provide rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The adequate and suitable fire fighting equipment. number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of 0.3 This standard was first published in 1967 the specified value in this standard. covering aluminium power factories. Since then, the number of Indian Standards in regard to Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revisef ). 1. SCOPE space around it. It should be so located as to be easily accessible for fire fighting. The premises 1.1 This standard lays down the essential require- should be enclosed by a secure fencing or com- ments for fire safety of factories in which powders pound wall and guarded, of aluminium, magnesium and their alloys are manufactured and/or stored. 3.2 The factory buildings should at least be 100 m distant from a public building, dwelling, ware- 2. GENERAL house or manufacturing establishment. 2.1 Ignition of aluminium, magnesium and allied 3.3 The factory buildings should at least be 150 m powders in buildings free from the presence of away from a railway siding, yard or lines, pre- any ostensible means of ignition may occur due ferably on the windward side of the tracks. If to electrification of the particles, facilitated by the these tracks are serviced by diesel or electric relatively low energy required. The metallic locomotives, the distance may be reduced to nature of aluminium and magnesium powders is 30 m. not effective in extinguishing the potentials set up 3.4 The factory building should at least be 20 m within a dust cloud since these powders behave as away from high tension lines. insulators. The risk of explosion shall, therefore, always be faced and precautions shall be taken in the design of the plant to confine its hazards. 4. COMPOUNDS 4.1 The compounds should be of sufficient area 3. LOCATION to house all the buildings specified in 5.1 and to 3.1 To prevent and reduce possible damage from allow for future expansion and should be kept explosion or fire or from both to nearby and the clear of all combustible material, such as grass, community, the factory should have enough open weeds and other vegetation. 116 : 4226 - 1988 4.2 The area should be such as to accommodate fire resisting materials throughout and the build- necemary pave or percca roads in between the ings should be so designed that every internal different buildings to allow free movement for surface is readily accessible to facilitate cleaning. fire fighting and rescue operations. In all buildings, walls of rooms where metal dust may be produced and which are not of monolithic 5. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION construction, all masonry joints should of tho- 5.1 There should be separate buildings for raw roughly flushed with mortar and trowelled materials, store scratching and grinding, reduc- smooth so as to leave no interior or exterior voids tion by atomizing including melting, screening, for the infiltration and accumulation of the pow- collecting plant, and blending and finished pro- ders. Entry of water into the building and com- duct store. Each building should be further sub- ing into contact with the powders should be divided into smaller units, as necessary, by prevented, separating walls. 5.9 Flat surfaces, wide flanges to beams and 5.1.1 The separating walls should be of non- girders and window ledges should be avoided, as combustible material, and should have the same far as possible, otherwise, they should be covered fire resistance as the walls of the main buildings by a steeply sloping plaster filling. Covered ceil- in any case should and not be less than 400 mm ings and floor edges should be adopted to avoid thick. dusty corners. 5.1.2 No openings should be provided in these 5.9.1 Tops of bins, hoppers and other equip- walls. ment should have surface sloping at 60” with horizontal to enable shedding dust. Explosion 5.2 The minimum distance between any two vents should be provided. buildings used for the manufacturing purposes should not be less than 15 m. 5.9.2 Circular chutes and ducts should be pre- ferred to square ones. 5.2.1 When the distance between any two build- ings is less than 15 m, at least one of the facing 5.9.3 Sharp corners and dead ends in the ducts walls should have no openings. or conveyors should be avoided to prevent accu- mulation of dust. 5.2.2 Buildings separated by not less than 15 m of space may communicate through enclosed 5.9.4 Walls and ceilings should be painted with passageways of non-combustible construction glossy and fire resistant paint to avoid accumula- provided that such enclosed passageways are spe- tion of dust and to facilitate easy cleaning. cially designed for the release of internal pressure and all the openings to such passageways are 5.10 Floors and Plinth protected by fire-check doors conforming to 5.10.1 Plinth of all buildings should be kept IS : 3614 ( Part 1 )-1966* of 2 h rating. at least 60 cm above the surrounding ground level or the crown of the roadway and provided with a 5.3 Any or all of engine, transformer, electric damp-proof course. generator or boiler buildings should be at least 30 m from the manufacturing process building. 5.10.2 Plinth of godowns and warehouses should be kept at least 1 m above the adjoining 5.4 Residential and office building should be at ground level to facilitate direct loading and un- least 50 m from the nearest manufacturing process loading to and from the wagons or trucks. building. 5.10.3 Floors of buildings where dust making 5.5 Buildings wherein powders of aluminium, operations are carried out, should be of concrete magnesium and their alloys are manufactured or covered with material of non-sparking and non- packed should be of Type 1 construction as spe- combustible composition. If the flooring is con- cified in IS : 1642-1988T. Roofs of such buildings ductive electrically, it should be properly earthed. should conform to the requirements of 5.12. 5.10.4 Floors of godowns and warehouse 5.6 Buildings used as godowns should be of Type should be kept at least 30 cm above the sill level I construction as specified in IS : 1642-1988t. of the floor. 5.7 Building housing engine or transformer or both electric or steam power generator should 5.11 Doors and Windows be of Type 3 construction as specified in IS : 1642- 5.11.1 Doors should be of non-sparking metal 1988.1. and of self-closing fire-check type. Doors for 5.8 All buildings should be of single storey type venting should lead to the open sliding doors of with no basement and should be constructed of self-closing doors with a strong spring device should not be used in the powder plant. Specificationf or fire-check doors: Part 1 Plate metal covered and rolling type. 5.11.2 There should at least be two doors in tCode of practice for fire safety of buildings ( general ) each room and where possible, more than two Details of construction (first revision ). doors should be provided. 2IS : 4226 - l!WJ 5.11.3 There should be no other external win- diagonally scored glass panels that can easily give dows or openings except those required for light- way under an explosion ing and ventilation. 6. STORAGE AND PRECAUTIONS 5.11.4 Where explosion risk is involved, win- dows should be fitted with 3 mm thick glass. They 6.1 Storage of powder should be in a separate should be top hinged or pivoted so as to open building other than the powder making building.. outwards and should be provided with devices to prevent opening due to wind a.ction but should 6.2 The powder should be packed as soon as possible in non-sparking drums which should be capable of opening if an explosion occurs. then be tightly sealed and stored in a dry place. Wired glass should not be used. 6.3 In no case should the powder be stored,in 5.11.5 Where fixed sash windows are used in open bins or gunny bags, powder plant building, light anchorage only should be used so that the whole windows blow 6.4 No other material should be stored along with out during an explosion. powder as fire fighting methods for such materials are different from those involving metallic pow- 5.11.6 The bottom of windows should be at ders or dust. Moreover, such materials could least 2.2 m above the floor level to deflect the full serve as a source of ignition for the metallic force of an explosion above worker’s heads. powders. 5.11.7 Each room should have at least two 6.5 There should be no leakage from roof, pipe separated exits to corridors or to the outside. All lines, etc, into the storage area. openings should open to the outside to enable the workmen to escape in the event of fire. 6.6 All machines should be suitably gauged that 5.12 Roofs no temperature in the area rises beyond 35°C. 5.12.1 Roofs should be directly supported 7. MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT from wall without any intermediate columns or posts. The roof covering should he as light as 7.1 All machinery and line shafts should be fitted possible but should be fire resistant. If roofs are with ball or roller bearings sleeves and they covered with corrugated iron sheets, they should should be sealed against dust. be either galvanized or painted with aluminium paint, and cast iron or mild steel open grills 7.2 Machinery should be so installed, arranged should be inserted along the lower edges of the and worked as to prevent, as far as possible, roof near the walls at intervals of 6 m to facilitate access of metallic powder to the moving parts of entry through the roof for fire fighting purposes. the machinery. If underside of roof is to be painted, only non- 7.3 Powder grinding should be carried out in flammable paint should be used. mills, each isolated by enclosure within a blast 5.12.2 Roofs should be leak-proof and no pip- proof cubicle provided with an explosion vent. ing and other equipment should be supported The doors should open outwards and should be from roofing. interlocked with the drive to the mill with a time delay action so adjusted that the mill should cease 5.12.3 Wherever roof is planned as a part of rotating before the door can be opened. explosion venting methods, it should be of fragile material and should be fixed in such a 7.4 Where aluminium/magnesium powder is pro- way that the same can be blown away by an duced by ‘blowing’, unit should be enclosed in a explosion. strong chamber prefertbly situated in the open. The discharge valve should be interlocked with 5.12.4 At least 10 percent of the roof should be the blowing mechanism to ensure that it cannot covered with fragile materials capable of giving be opened when blowing is in progress Where a way in case of explosions. cyclone is installed to receive the discharge, it should be connected to a hopper through a valve 5.13 Ventilation and Venting which should be interlocked with the discharge 5.13.1 Where fixed sash windows and ventila- valve from the hopper to ensure that the valves tors are used, sufficient number of exhaust fans are not open simultaneously. should be employed. 7.5 All machines should be thoroughly cleaned 5.13.2 Area of explosion vents should be at the and be absolutely dry before they are charged rate of 1 mZ for each 5 m3 of the volume of the with metal and placed in any machine for addi- building. This area should be properly and evenly tional fabrication. distributed in the whole building. 7.6 All machinery and equipment should be 5.13.3 Windows, ventilators, skylights, etc. adequately earthed by permanent earth wires to designed as part of the venting areas should have prevent accumulation of static electricity. 3IS : 4226 - 1988 7.7 Sparks caused by ferrous matter passing are used in the open, they should be provided through cleaning, processing and grinding with covers for protection from weather. machines should be prevented by installing mag- nets or magnetic separators in the system. 7.15 Conveyor ducts should be designed and ins- talled to avoid condensation of moisture within 7.8 Dust collecting system consisting of suitable the ducts and means should be provided to hoods, enclosures, ducts, dust collectors, etc, thoroughly dry out the ducts before putting into should be installed. These should be of metal service after a period of idleness. Drying of ducts construction. Hoods should be so designed that should be done thoroughly with warm dry air the powder particles either fall or to projected several hours before resuming operations. Wher- into them in the direction of the air flow. The ever possible, ducts should be inclined to horizon- interior of the hoods and ducts should be smooth tal to facilitate cleaning, drying and draining. with internal lap joints pointing into the direction of the air-flow and having no dead end spaces 7.16 Wherever possible, relief vents of sufficient which may allow accumulation of dust. Hand area extending to the outside of the building holes with metallic covers should be provided should be provided in the ducts. throughout the ducting at regular interval to faci- 7.17 Wherever damage may result from the rup- litate cleaning. ture of a duct, in case the relief vent does offer 7.9 All such ducting should be continuous and sufficient relief, the duct should be designed for a properly earthed. working pressure of at least 0’7 MN/m2 (~7 kgf/ cm’). 7.10. The motors driving the dust producing machines should be electrically interlocked with 7.18 Blades and housing of fans used either for the fan motors of the dust conveying system. dust collection system or conveyance of magne- sium/aluminium powder should be of non-spark- 7.11 Dust collectors should be arranged to pre- ing material. The intercepting screen cloth filter vent contact of dust with high speed moving should be properly grounded and the duct design- parts while still in the dry state. Grinding opera- ed so as to prevent passage of dust into the fan. tion should not be served by same collectors as Whenever possible, fans into which dust may buffing and polishing operations. Dust from dry enter should be placed outside the dust making collectors and sludge from the wet collectors building. should be removed daily or more often as the conditions may require. 7.19 All dust making machines and conveyors should be so constructed as to minimize escape of 7.12 Sludge so removed should be transported in dust into the rooms and all such equipment covered non-combustible containers of not over should be properly earthed. 25 kg each and should be disposed off by any of t.he following means: 8. ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION a) Mixing with much larger volume of sand and discarding in a dump, 8.1 The electrical installation should be in accord- ance with IS : 1646-1982 and special attention bj Dumping in an open pit which should be should be given to the following: fenced or guarded from public access, and 4 All wiring should be carried out in heavy gauge screwed conduit; c) Spreading over the ground in an isolated area fenced or guarded from public access b) All lighting fittings and switch gears where the sludge can oxidize. should be of the enclosed type; 7.13 Use of ducts or conveyors for conveying the 4 All electric motors should be flame-proof magnesiumlaluminium powder from place to and dust-proof; place in a building or to an adjacent building should be prohibited. Such powder should be 4 Provision should be made for remote transported in specially designed containers of control of the electrical circuits so that the current for lighting and power in any metal with tight fitting lids. dust making building may be switched off 7.14 When aluminium/magnesium powder is by switches outside the building at a dis- conveyed pneumatically, the conveyor ducts tance of 1’25 m from outside the nearest should be of non-ferrous material. Pneumatic doorway. Provision should also he made system should employ an inert gas mixture for switching off the whole factory by instead of air wherever the concentration of switches located at one or more central powder is within explosive range or likely to points, such as the office and the watch- become so. Movable containers should be of non- men’s booth; and ferrous, non-sparking material. Wheels and castors of such containers should be fitted with Code of practice for fire safety of building non-sparking tyres. When movable containers ( general ): Electrical installations (first revision ). 4IS:4226 - 1988 e) All electric equipment should be inspected 10.5 Any mechanical agitation or disturbance of and cleaned periodically and maintained the burning powder or adjacent thereto should be in good order. avoided, 10.6 Water, steam or liquid spray of any kind 9. ILLUMINATION should not be used for fire extinguishing. Such 9.1 The factory should be fully illuminated as action may agitate or disturb the dust or the indicated below: burning powder and may cause an explosion due to the reaction between water, steam or liquid Open compounds 25 lux spray and burning powder or dust. Godowns 50 ,, 10.7 Any extinguisher expelling water, carbon dioxide, foam, etc., should not be used for extin- Grinding, packing and other guishing fire in the operating plant. All fires work places 100 ,, involving metallic chips turnings, powders should be fought with fire extinguisher for metal fires 10. FIRE FIGHTING ARRANGEMENTS ( see IS : 11833-1986 ). 10.1 Provision of first aid appliances and their 10.8 The whole of the electric power in the maintenance should be in accordance with effected building should be immediately cut off. IS : 2190-1979. All the workers should be trained and periodically practiced in the use of 10.9 If the metallic powder is burning quietly in first aid fire fighting appliances placed near their a place where it can be safely isolated, the same place of work. should be carefully ringed around but nor drop- ped on the burning powder, great care being taken 10.2 The factory should be equipped with a to avoid fanning the dust into the air. The pow- warning system for fire so that the warning is der when burning quietly forms a crux which clearly audible throughout the factory and the excludes and gradually extinguishes itself. As compound. The appliance or appliances for giving soon as the fire is isolated, the room should be such warning or means of operating the same closed, windows shut, the bottom of the doors should be located in conspicuous positions and sealed with sand and the fire allowed to burn should be painted fire red. All workers should be itself out. familiar with their location and method of operation. 10.10 Close liaison should be maintained with the neighbouring fire brigades to ensure quick atten- 10.3 All factories which do not have their own dance in time of emergencies. The hazards invol- fire brigade or do not expect major fire fighting ved in the use of water jets, carbon dioxide, assistance from regular fire brigades within a foam or other liquids not allowed to deal with the short time, should make suitable fire fighting fire involving metallic powders and also the arrangements with the help of workers. Such special hazards relating to metallic dust should factories should have at least one full time super- be explained to them. visory officer fully trained in fire fighting assisted by a few firemen for maintenance work. There 11. HOUSE KEEPING should be an efficient hydrant system with the provision of hose boxes, hoses and branch- 11.1 In buildings carrying out dusty operations pipes ( see IS : 9668-19807 ). There should or processes, accumulation and suspension of also be ample provision of special type of dry dust should be prevented. Vacuum sweeping powders conforming to IS : 4861- 1984$. Suffi- system or soft push brooms may be employed. cient number of workers trained in the use of When vacuum cleaners are employed, bulk hydrant system and other extinguishing media accumulation of powder and material should be should be available in each shift all the time. All removed by soft push brooms and non-sparking these arrangements should be planned and execu- scoops before vacuum sweeping equipment is ted in consultation with the fire experts. used. Bonded, non-conducting and non-sparking type hoses and nozzles for vacuum cleaning sys- 10.4 Great care is required in dealing with fires tems should be used; and the use of metallic involving burning metals or their powders. fastener should be avoided wherever possible. Provisions contained in 10.5 to 10.10 should be strictly followed. 11.2 If there is a dust aspiration plant, sweep-up openings with closure flaps should be provided at floor level and connected to the aspiration plant. Code of practice for selection, installation and main- tenance of portable first-aid fire extinguisher ( second 11.3 The dust collected by a vacuum cleaning, revision ). brushing or from sweep-up openings or from both tCode of practice for provision and maintenance of . . _ __. waxers upplles lor me nghtmg. SSpecification for dry powder for fighting fires in Specification for dry powder fire extinguisker for burning metals (first revision ). metal fires. 5IS : 4226 - 1988 should be discharged into a suitable receptable 12.5 Heating and drying should be done only by located outside the dust making plant. Each piece hot air, heated by steam or hot water coils. In of group of such equipment should be surrounded buildings with metallic dust, the air should be with a tight, strong shield, preferably cylindrical, forced by blower fans through a heating unit. open at the top and closed at the bottom and Where dusty operations are carried out, the fans designed to withstand an internal pressure of should draw their air supply from outside in 1’5 MN/m2 ( z I5 kgf/cm2 ) so that if an explo- order that no explosive dust accumulates in the sion occurs in dust-collecting receptacles, its full heating chamber. The boilers or any heating force and flame will be diverted upward. appliance should be heated outside the boiler. 11.4 Regular periodic cleaning should be carried 12.6 The outer clothing of the worker should be out on all buildings and machinery, with all clean, fire-resistant and easily removable. It machine idle and power out-off, as often as local should not be of porous and loose weave aiding conditions require, to maintain safety but in any dust accumulation but should be of closely woven case at least once every day (dust should not be material. Pockets, cuffs, etc. where dust can allowed to accumulate in daily sweeping). accumulate should not be provided in trousers, aprons, etc. 12. SAFETY -PROVISIONS 12.7 Clothing of workers should not be of a 12.1 Every boiler chimney in a factory compound material which will gather static electricity. should be fitted with an efficient spark arrestor 12.8 The soles of the shoes should be fastened and should be properly maintained. with swing and wooden pegs or copper nails which should not project below the sole. Steel toe la.2 No open flames, naked lights, smoking, or heel plates should under no circumstances be electric or gas cutting and welding equipment permitted to be used in the factory premises. should be permitted within the building having the powder producing and handling machinery 12.9 Smoking materials and matches should not during operation. If it becomes absolutely neces- be allowed to be carried or used by employees or sary to use such an equipment for making repairs, visitors, about the premises adjacent to or in any all machinery in the building or the section of building in which manufacture, storage and load- building where repairs are to be carried out ing of powder is done. should be thoroughly cleaned to remove all accumulation of metallic powder. Operators of 12.10 All employees in powder manufacturing cutting and welding equipment should obtain plant should be carefully and thoroughly instruc- prior permission from the appropriate authority ted as to behaviour and the procedure in case before using their equipment under any condition of fire or explosion, the location of electrical around metallic powder plants. swithes, first-aid and safety equipment, permis- sible methods used in the isolation of metallic 12.3 Only aluminium, copper or bronze metal powder fires, the hazard of raising a dust cloud tools and shovels should be used in any dust and hazard of throwing liquids on an incipient making buildings. If it becomes necessary to use fire of metallic powder. iron or spark producing tools inside such build- ings or to dismantle any discarded powder pro- 12.11 Cyclone and other collectors, and polishing ducing equipment outside the building, the equipment should be equipped with suitable requirements laid down in 12.2 should be strictly instruments for recording the temperature and followed. with an indicating device to give warning to operators of any tendency towards excessive 12.4 Powder, dust sweepings and other materials heating. All such instruments should be kept at should be swept from the floor. Machines or central locations so that they are easily observed other locations should be carefully screened to by the man incharge and suitable action taken in remove foreign matter before being placed in any time to remedy the hazardous conditions. machine for additional fabrication. The dust sweeping should preferably be screened through a 12.12 Contact of metallic powder with iron rust magnetic separator to remove any ferrous and oxidizable fats and oils should be avoided to foreign matter. prevent spontaneous combustion.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: .> Manak Bhavan,_9 &&adur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110692 . Telephones ;$& 33&&5 : I Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all offices ) Regional Offices: Telephone Central: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 3310131) 3311375 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern: l/l4 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, 362499 CALCUTTA 700054 Northern: SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C CHANDIGARH 160036 21843, 31641 Southern: C.I.T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 412442, 412519, 412916 twestern: Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6329295 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMADABAD 380001 26348, 26349 Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 384955, 384956 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, 66716 BHOFAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 53627 53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 - 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), 231083 HYDERABAD 500001 RI4 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 6347 I, 69832 117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 216876, 218292 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 62305 T.C. No. 1411421, UniWSity P.O. Palayam, TRIVANDRUM 695035 62104, 62117 Inspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205A West High Court Road, Shankar Nagar 25171 Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivajl Nagar, 52435 PUNE 411005 Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Prlncep Street, Calcutta 700072 276800 Sales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, Bombay 400097 896528 Printed at Saini Printers, Delhi, India
11287.pdf	IS:i1287-1985 ( ReaNiu-med 1991) Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR BRIDGE INSULATIONS TESTERS ( MAGNETO GENERATOR TYPE ) . . ( First Reprint MAY 1997 ) ‘- Y‘ x ‘* me* ., .,. 3’ ., . UDC 621’317’733 I 0 Copyright 1985 1JlJREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK Bl-IAVAN, 9 BAI-IADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC; NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 4 December 1985IS:11287 - 1985 (R eaffied 1991) Indian Standard SPECIFICkTION FOR BRIDGE INSULATIONS TESTERS ( MAGNETO GENERATOR TYPE ) Electrical Measuring Instruments Sectional Committee, ETDC 48 Chairman PROF J. K. CHOUDXSURY Jadavpur University, Calcutta Rcprescnting Members SHRI A. K. BARMAN The Calcutta Electric Supply Corporation ( I ) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. B. MUKHOPADHYAY ( Alternate) SHRI A. K. BASAK Develoument Commissioner. Small Scale Industries ( Ministry of Industry j, New Delhi SHRI A. N. SAHAI ( Alternate ) SHRI V. K. BATRA National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI K. P. BHATN_~~AR Directorate of Standardization. Ministrv of Defence ( R & D Organization ), Mew Delhi SHRI B. M. SHAN~AR PRASA~ ( Alternate ) SIIRI J. K. COLACO Larson & Toubro Ltd, Bombay SHIU J. J. DARUWALA All India Instruments Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombay SERI P. C. GOLIYA ( Alternate ) SHRI B. P. G~OSH National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. MUKHOP.~DHY~YA ( Alternate ) SHRI NARENDRA GOLIYA Shanti Electric Instruments, Bombay SHRI H. S. SAWAREAR ( Alternate ) SHRI K. V. GOPALAUATNA~~ Institute for Designs of Electrical Measuiing Instruments, Bombay SHRI B. V. VARDARAJAN ( Altcsnatc ) JOINT DIRECTOR STANDMWS Research Design & Standards Organization, Ministry ( ELECTRICAL )-6 of Railways, Lucknow ASSISTANT DESIGN ENGINEER ( ELECTRICAL )-Cl ( Alternate ) SHRI M. R. KATARIA Central Scientific Instruments Organization ( CSIR ), Chandigarh SHRI S. S. KULI(ARNI Automatic Electric Ltd, Bombay SHRI 0. P. Pun1 ( Alternate ) SHRI LAESR~II SAGAR The Oriential Sciencm Apparatus, Ambala Cantt SHRI K. S. GUPTA ( Alternate) ( Continued on pa&e 2 ) @ Copyright 1985 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the In&n Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said ActIS:11287- 1985 ( Contiauedfrompugr 1 ) Mmbns Rqr~sunting SERI P. T. LENDEE The Bombay Electric Supply & Transport Under- taring, Bombay SERI M. A. KARIM ( Afmnot# ) SHRI M. M. LOHIA Siemens India Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. H. THAKORE ( Alfcmotr ) S-I S. C. MAEESHWARI Toshniwal Industries Pvt Ltd, Ajmer Saw B. SIN.~H ( Ahnate ) SERI D. B. MALIK Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI B. N. DAS ( Akrnat~ ) SHRI NARINDERJIT SIN~B: Directorate of Industries Punjab, Chandigarh SHEI PARXXINDERS INQE ( Altemat~ ) SERI N. K. RAJASEKEAR British Physical Laboratories India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore SKI N. NARAYANA RAO . Directorate General of Inspection, Ministry of Defence ( DGI ), New Delhi SHRI D. P. DEIMAN ( Al&mats ) SRI%1S . SEABXA Sharmason’r Sakova Instruments (P) Ltd, New Delhi SBRI G. K. SIHNA ‘Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals- ( Inspection ), New Delhi SH~I ANIL GUPTA ( AIlrrnatr ) SERIT. SOMA~UNDARAM Directorate of Industries & Commerce, Madras SHRI M. RAJA~OPALA~ ( Alternate ) SFLRIK . TEAH~ARAJ The Motwane Manufacturing Co Pvt Ltd, Nasik Road, C. Rly SERIR. VFZWATESWARAN( Alternate) SERI RAEESH VERXA Instrumentaiion Ltd, Kota SHRI S. NEOQI ( A&mats ) SEIRI R. VISW~ATEA~ Directorate General of Posts 8~ Telegraphs Department of Communication, Jabalpur SRRI T. S. VASUDEVAN ( Alfwnak ) SHRI M. S. WANDALKAR Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Bhopal SHRI S. K. KASLIWAL ( Ahmats ) SHRI S. P. SACEDE~, Director General, ISI ( Ex-ofi Mmbw ) Director ( Elec tech ) Secretary SERI 8. K. MAEATA Joint Director ( Elac tech ), IS1 2IS : 11287- 1985 hdian Standard SPECIFICkTION FOR BRIDGE INSULATIONS TESTERS ( MAGNETO GENERATOR TYPE ) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 26 February 1985, after the draft finalized by the Electrical Measuring Instruments Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electrotechnical Division Council. 0.2 This standard deals with the hand generator type insulation testers with bridge facilities which is a very convenient instrument for- measure- ment of (a) insulation resistance, (b) loop resistance of cables or coil resistance, (c) localization of fault in the cables. It comprises of a hand generator, one or more moving coil instrument(s) and a Wheatstone bridge with loop facilities. 0.3 It is recognized that for bridge insulation testers for use in hazardous and stringent environmental conditions, special provisions concerning environmental testing may be necessary. It is recommended that in such cases these requirements should be additionally specified. 0.4 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following: JISG - 1301-1957 issued by Japanese Industrial Standard Committee. ITD - S/XC/l03 ( Draft ) issued by Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department. Speen No. DTD&P ( AIR ) E & I - 317 issued by Directorate of Technical Development & Production, Ministry of Defence. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ) 3IS011287 L 1985 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the requirements of portable bridge insulation testers ( hand operated ) enclosing in the same case a generator having a rated voltage of 100 volts or more. 1.1.1 The scope of.this standard is confined to hand-operated bridge insulation resistance testers. Mains-operated and motor-driven bridge insulation resistance testers may have to comply with additional require- ments which do not form part of this standard. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0. For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Rated Voltage - The open circuit voltage at the tester between the ‘Line’ and ‘Earth’ terminals with the selector switch at the ‘Insulation’ position as assigned by the manufacturer. 2.2 Rated Insulation Resistance - The resistance indicated by the tester corresponding to the scale mark nearest to the scale mark of infinity. 2.3 Effective Range of Measurement - That part of the scale where measurement can be made with the stated accuracy. 2.3.1 The range of insuIation resistance value from l/l 000 up to l/10 of the rated insulation resistance value, shall be termed as first effective insulation range and the range of insulation resistance from l/l0 of the rated insulation resistance to the rated insulatioq resistance value is termed and second effective insulation range. 2.4 Clntral Scale Mark - The scale mark corresponding to l/50 of the rated insulation resistance with the scale values of 1, 2, 5 or an integral power of 10 or multiples thereof. 2.5 Error in Indication - The difference between the indicated value and the true value of the quantity being measured. The error is positive if the indicated vaIue is greater and negative if it is smaller than the true value. 2.6 Ripple Factor - The ratio of the ripple magnitude to the arithmetic mean voltage. 2.6.1 Ripple - The periodic ‘deviation from arithmetic mean voltage. The magnitude of the ripple is defined as half the difference between the maximum and minimum values. 2.7 Indicator - The permanent magnet moving coil indicator or ratio type indicator, used to indicate directly the insulation resistance value and/or the null detection for bridge measurements. ,4 1IS:11287 -1985 2.8 Scale Length - The length of the arc through the tips of the shortest scale mark. In case of multiscale instrument the scale length shall correspond to the longest of all scales. 2.9 Type Tests - Tests carried out to prove conformity with the requirements of this standard. These are intended to prove the general quantities and design of a given type of tester. 2.10 Routine Tests - Tests carried out on each tester to check requirements likely to vary during production. 2.11 Acceptance Tests - Tests carried out on samples taken from a lot for the purpose of acceptance of the lot. 3. RATINGS 3.1 The rated voltage and rated insulation resistance may be selected from the values shown in Table 1. ,TABLE i RATING OF INSULATION RE~XSTANCE TESTERS Rated Voltage 100 250 500 1 000 ( dc Volts ) Rated Insulation 10 20 200 20 50 500 - 20 __-1 00 1 000 200 500 2 000 Resistance (MQ) 3.2 The measurable resistance ( Wheat stone Bridge ) shall be at least from 0.01 ohm to lOM ohm in five overlapping ranges. 4. CONSTRUCTION 4.1 General - The tester shall be sufficiently robust to withstand mechanical vibrations and shocks. Its working parts shall be housed in a case which shall be dust-proof and of sufficient strength to afford adequate protection against external damage. It shall withstand vibration test ( 11.9 ) and bump test ( 11.10 ). 4.2 Terminals - The following terminals shall be provided. 4.2.1 Line Terminal - The terminal marked ‘L’ connected to the negative side of the generator. 4.2.2 Earth Terminal - The terminal marked ‘E’ connecteu to the positive side of the generator. 4.2.3 Vurley Earth - The terminal marked ‘EV’ for the purpose of varley fault test. 51S:11287 - 1985 42.4 Guard ‘Terminal - The tester shah be equipped with guard ring around the line terminal. A guard terminal shall also be provided and electrically connected to the guard ring in case of testers having rated resistance of 1 000 Ma and above NOTE 1 - The line terminal, guard rmg and guard terminal shall be connected to the negative side and the earth terminal to the positive side of the generator. NOTE Z- The line terminal, guard ring and earth term& shall besuitably marked, preferably as L, G and E respectively to distinguish them. NOTE 3 - More suitably marked terminals may be provided to serve as Z, ZZand EV for bridge measurements. 4.3 Switches 4.3.1 Selector Switch - A rotary selector switch for selecting the functions of ‘Insulation test’, ‘Loop resistance test’ and ‘Varley fault test’ shall be provided and suitably marked. Additional functions, such as discharge continuity and murray loop test may be provided in the same’ selector switch. 4.3.2. Ratio Multiplier Switch - For bridge measurement a rotary ratio multiplier switch with at least five multiplier position, namely, X OOl, X O-1, X 1, X 10 & X 100, suitably marked, shall be provided. 4.3.3 Series Resistance Switches - Rotary switches and/or potentiometer shall be provided for selecting any value between 1 to 9 999 ohms or more in the arms of the wheatstone bridge, which should be indicated suitably. 4.3.4 Resistors - r’he coils of the ratio and series switches shall be non-inductively wound on non-magnetic spools. The accuracy of the resitors shall be within kO.5 percent of their nominal value at 27°C. 4.4 Infinity/Zero Adjustment - A suitabIe device shalI be provided to adjust the pointer to ‘infinity’ in case of ratio-type instruments having rated resistance of 1 OCOM a and above. For single coil instruments, suitable device shall be provided for ad.iusting both zero and infinity. 4.5 Pointer 4.5.1 The pointers shall be light and rigid and so shaped as to lend itself to easy and accurate reading. 4.5.2 The pointer shall have a knife-edge tip and shall extend over the whole length of the short scale-marks, but not appreciably beyond them. 4.5.3 The thickness of the pointer knife-edge shall not exceed 0.30 mm. 4.5.4 The knife-edge of the poiter shall be coloured red on the top- edge. 6‘4.6 Central Scale Mark - When the scale starts from 0 MQ the central scale mark in the insulation range shall be located approximately in the geometrical centre of the effective range. 5. EFFECTIVE RANGE 5.1 The effective insulation indicator range shall be from the rated insulation resistance down to the one-thousandth of the rated insulation resistance. 6. ROTATIOP SPEED 6.1 The rated speed of rotation of the handle at which the rated terminal voltage is attained shall not exceed 160 rev/min. It shall be ensured that the terminal voltage is within the tolerance specified in 9.2 even when the rotation speed of the handle exceeds these vplues. 7. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 7.1 Operation of the Tester 7.1.1 The handle of the tester shall work smoothly. It shall preferably fold back into the casing when the tester is not in use. 7.1.2 The friction in the generator system of the tester shall be as small as practicable. 7.1.3 The degree of camping of the moving coil sytem of the tester, that is, the time elapsed till the pointer has been brought to standstill, when a resistance of the value corresponding to the central scale mark of the insulation range is inserted between the measuring terminals under the normal conditions of use as insulation tester shall not exceed three seconds. 8. NORMAL CONDITIONS OF USE 8.1 The tester shall be used on horizontal surface, with handle rotating at the rated speed or above. The external magnetic field at the place should be less than that specified in 11.4.5. 9. LIMITS OF ERROR 9.1 Insnlatioti Range - The deviation of the pointer from the true value marked shall be within &5 percent in the first effective range and f 10 percent in the second effective range. The deviation of the pointer at l/l0 of the rated resistance shall be within -+5 percent. The deviation of the pointer at the infinity and zero or minimum value shall not exceed +0.7 percent of the scale length. 7IS : 11287 - 1985 9.2 Terminal Voltage - With the selector switch in ‘Insulation’ position, the terminal voltage, from rated speed up to 2nd including 150 percent of the rated, speed of rotation marked on the tester shall be: a) within &lo percent of rated voltage corresponding to the rated resistance, and b) not less than 90 percent of rated voltage for the central scale mark. 9.3 Resistance ( Wheatstone ) Bridge Range - The deviation of readings obtained on the wheatstone bridge shall be within the following limits. Range Limit o-1 51 to 1 51 5 10 percent 1.0 Q to 10 $& f2 percent 10 Q, to l-00 Kfi &l percent 100 Kfi to 1 Ma &2 percent 9.4 It should be possible to locate faults with accuracy, given in 9.3 with fault resistance up to 1 Ma. 10. MARRING 10.1 The following particulars shall be indelibly and suitably marked on the tester either on the dial, or the back or sides or in the cover or on the instruction sheet of the instrument, and shall be visible without necessity of opening the instrument: \ a) Serial number and model number of the tester, b) Rated voltage and rated insulation resistance, c) Speed of rotation, d) Manufacturer’s name and/or trade-mark, e) Country of manufacture, f) Symbol ‘OADJ’ and ‘cc ADJ’ for devices used for controlling the magnetic shunt or adjusting resistance, and g) Brief instructions for using the tester and precaution to be taken at the time of using the instrument, and at the time of storing. 10.2 The ciicuit diagram along with detailed component list shall be provided in the instruction manual. 8IS:11287 -198S 10.3 The bridge insulation resistance tester may also be marked with Standard Mark. 10.0.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which the licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtai&.d from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 11. TESTS 11.0 General - Tests shall be carried out unless otherwise specified at the standard temperature of 27 & 2°C and relative humidity of 65 f 5 percent. 11.1 Type Tests - The following shall constitute the type tests: a) Testi for limits of error ( 11.4.1 to 11.4.6 ), b) Mechanical endurance test ( 11.5 ), c) Insulation resistance test ( 11.6 ), d) High voltage test ( 11.7 ), e) Dust test ( 11.8 ), f) Vibration test ( 11.9 ), g). Bump test ( 11.10 ), and h) Temperature cycle test ( 11.11 ). 11.2 Acceptance Tests - The following.shall constitute the acceptance tests: a) Insulation resistance test ( 11.6 ), b) High voltage test _( 11.7 ), c) Test for limits of error ( 11.4.1 ), and d) Bump test ( 11.10 ). 11.3 Routine Test - The following shall constitute the routine tests: a) Insulation resistance test ( 11.6 ). b) High voltage test ( 11.7 ), and c) Test for limits of error ( 11.4.1 ). 11.4 Test for Limits of Error 11.4.1 Error at Reference Condition - Tests shall be carried out at reference condition to prove conformity to the provisions laid down in 9.1,9.2, 9.3 and.9.4. 918 I ll287 - 1985 11.4.2 Error DUS to Variation of Level - A change of 5 degrees in the level of the tester when used as insulation tester in any direction, shall not result in the deviation of the pointer from its initial position exceed- ing @5 mm. 11.4.3 Error Due to Variation of Ambient Temprrature - The deviation of the indication of the tester shall not exceed &5 percent at the central scale mark for the ambient temperature change by &2O”C from 27%. 11.4.4 Enor Due to Excessive Humidity - The error of the tester shall not exceed the limits specified in 9 after an exposure of 24 hours to a relative humidity of 90 percent aird at a temperature of 27 & 2°C. Recovee time shall be 24 h. 11.4.5 Error Due to Stray Field - The error of the tester at the Central Scale.Mark shall not exceed -+5 percent of the indicated value, .when the tester is exposed to a magnetic field produced by 400 ampere-turns ( do ) in a coil of one metre diameter. The tester shall be so placed as to make the influence of the field maximum. 11.4.6 Ripple at Measuring Terminal - The ripple factor at the measur- ing terminal for the insulation measuring range, shall not exceed 10 percent. 11.5 Mechanical Endurance Test 11.5.1 After repetition of the starting ( up to rated speed ) stopping the generator for 10 000 times, there shall be no evident deterioration and impairment in the working of the tester and it shall satisfy the test specified in 9.3. The ON and OFF times shall be at least 3 s and 6 s respectively and in any case time for 1 cycle shall not exceed 12 s. 11.5.2 All switch contacts shall be tested by actual operation of the switches 10 000 times. After 10 000 operations, there. shall be no mechanical deterioration in the working of the switch and the apparatus shall satisfy the accuracy given in 9.3. 11.6 Insulation Resistance Test - The insulation resistance of the tester across the electrical circuit and the containing case and across the electrical circuit and the handle, when measured by applying 500 V dc, shall be not less than the values given below: a) For rated voltage up to and including 250 V 25 MS& b)‘ For rated voltage above 250 V 50 Ma The voltage shall be applied for a duration long enough to get a steady reading of the insulation resistance. 10IS : 11287 - 1985 11.7 High Voltage Test - No breakdown, arcing or sparking shall occur when an rms voltage of 2 000 volts is applied between all the electrical circuit connected together and the -case or the handle for a period of 1 minute. 11.8 Dust Test 11.8.1 The chamber for this test shall be capable of maintaining in any region inside it, where the tester may be placed, temperature of 40 f 2°C and a relative humidity of not more than 80 percent. 11.8.2 The atmosphere within the chamber shall be agitated so as to keep it loaded with dust particles of such a size as to enable them to pass through a wire mesh IS Sieve 150 - micron with an aperture of 0’15 mm [ jet IS : 460 ( Part 1 )-1578* 1. The bulk of the material of the dust shall consist of free silice. The concentration of dust shall be determined by means of the device described in Appendix A where the requirment of dust concentration is also specified. 11.8.3 The tester shall be placed in the test chamber for four hours with the atmosphere stirred and the dust shall then be allowed to settle for two hours. The tester shall then be removed from the chamber and shall satisfy the requirements of 9. 11.9 Vibration Test 11.9.1 The vibration test shall be carried out in accordance with IS i !WKl ( Part 8 )-198lt. The vibration severities shall be as given below:. Sweep Frequency Range Amplitude Duration Endurance Procedure Hz h 10 - 150 - 10 015mm(2g.) 6 Endurance at resonance frequency in most un- favourable direction. If direction is not known, vibration shall be applied for 2 h in each of the three mutu- ally perpendicular direc- tions. If no resonance is observed, the equipment shall be subjected to vib- ration sweep at the rate of 1 octave/minute for 2 h along each of the 3 mu- tually perpendicular axes. Specification for test sieve: Part 1 Wire cloth teat sieves ( suond recd.&m) . tBaaic environmental testing procedures for electronic and electrical items Part 8 Vibration ( sinusoidal ) test. 11IS : 11287- 1985 11.9.2 The following other requirements shall also be applicable: a) Axis of vibration : Three mutually perpendicular axes. b) Method of mounting : Normal operations attitude with anti- vibration mountings if provided. c) Functional check Need not be functioning. d) Resonance search : The resonance frequency shall be found by sweeping the frequency over the range selected from the table above. After resonance search, the instrumerit shall comply with. the requirements of 9. 6) Endurance : The instrument shall be subjected to the endurance as specified in the table above. After completion of the endu- rance, the instrument shall be checked mcomply with the requirements of 9. 11.9.3 After this test, the tester shall satisfy the requirements given in 9. 11.10 Bump Test - The error of the tester at the central scale mark shall not deviate by more than f5 percent from the initial value when subjected to Bumn Test as specified in IS : 9000 ( Part 7/Set 2 )-1979* d a with the following severities: Number of bumps : 4000 & 10 Repetition rate 2 to 3 bumps Duration of pulse 6 ms Peak acceleration 400 m/s2 Velocity change 1’53 m/s ( tolerance & 20 percent ) !I.11 Temperature Cycle Test - The tester shall operate without . incurring permanent damage and also satisfy the requirements of 9 when subjected the temperature cycle for 16 + 8 h cycle’as given in 5.1 of IS : 1248 (Part 9)-1983t for temperature cycle limits - 10°C to +55X. Basic environmental testing procedures for electronic and electrical items: Part 7 Impact test, Section 2 Bump. tSpe+ication for direct acting electrical indicating instruments: Part 9 Test methods. 12IS : 11287- I!985 APPENDIX A ( Clause 11.8.2 ) DUST, CHAMBER AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING DUST CONCENTRATION A-l. DUST CHAMBER A-l.1 A schematic layout of a typical chamber recommended for use for the dust cycle is shown in Fig. 1. It is designed to ensure uniform and reproducible distribution of dust. The system is completely enclosed and does not become congested during operation. A circulating fan F ( low pressure, high volume, ventilating pattern ) blows air over the pile P where the dust is picked up and carried along into the chamber C. The air velocity decreases in the chamber so that much of the dust falls back into the hopper H from where it returns to the pile, while the air is fed back into the fan through the top of the chamber. The dimensions of the hopper tube are so proportioned that whatever the head of the dust pressure may be, the pile P never completely fills the main air duct. Consequently, the air flow carries away, more or less, a constant amount of dust from a pile which all the time is being replenished. Flu. 1 SCHEMA-~‘LCA YOUTO F APPARATWS USED FORT HE DUST CYCLE 13BAFFLES 1 L 5; EQUAL AND SYMMETRICAL Dus T INLETS DETACHbiBLE COVER /- All dimensions in millimetres. FIG.2 DETAILSO F APPARATUSF OR MEASURINGD UST CONCENTRATION A-I.2 The arrangement described under A-l.1 may be modified so as to result in a flow of dust loaded air which takes the shape of a rising vertex. For this purpose, four dust jets may be used in a symmetrical configuration. A-I.3 The more important details of a typical dust chamber are given below: a) Internai size of chamber 91.5 cm cube b) Heater rating 750 watts c) Fan rating 7 100 litres/min at a pressure of 3.8 cm Ha0 250-watt, 3 000 rev/ min motor 14IS I 11287-1985 d) Inside diameter of hopper pipe 2% cm e) Inside diameter of circulating dust 12.7 cm A-2. APPARATUS FOR MEASURING DUST CONCENTRATION A-2.1 A-simple measuring device is shown in Fig. 2. Dust enters the box through the five circular holes and collects at the bottom of the detachable cover. Far measuring dust doncentration, the device is placed in any representative position yithin the dust chamber. The air is circulated for five minutes and the dust is then allowed to settle down. The amount of dust which collects on the detachable cover during the total test period is weighed and shall be 23 f 25 g. 15BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Mar& NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402 Fax: 91 11 3234062, 91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory : Telephone Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201dlO 8-77 00 32 Regional Offices: . . Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17 Eastern : l/l 4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 23523 15 twestern : Manakalaya, E9, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95 MUMBAI 400093 Branch Offices:: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh’Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 550 1348 $Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 55 40 21 Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 40 36 27 Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01 Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 54 11 37 5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 201083 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 LUCKNOW 226001 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 5251 71 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 26 23 05 Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 32 36 35 T.C. No. 14/l 421, University P. 0. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17 Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 271085 CALCU-I-TA 700072 tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 560002 , Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi, India
14954.pdf	Is 14954:2001 W’#ikTmm Ream’ rm%?’mima?mmmmw \ m–r?Rf Indian Standard DISTRESS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES IN EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS — GUIDELINES ICS93.160 @BIS2001 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 AZfgu.s2t001 Price Group 5Damsand Reservoirs Sectional Committee, WRD 9 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, afier the draft finalized by the Dams and Reservoirs Sectional Committee had been approved bythe Water Resources Division Council. Conservation of water isthe most important prerequisite for proper management of water resources and hence, large number of earth and rockfill dams have been constructed inIndia, most ofthem afier’independence. While these dams have contributed to the development ofthenation, someofthem alsopose aspotential hazard because ofcatastrophic damage which cantake place ifthe reservoir water stored behind the dam issuddenly released due toanyfailure oraccident. The safety ofthedam isthus ofparamount importance andanydeterioration or disorder observed inthedam,therefore, warrants immediatesuitablestrengthening. Strengtheningmaysometimesbenecessary to restore the stipulated utility of the dam and reservoir. Strengthening may-also be required for upgrading the stability ofthe dam dueto inadequacies inoriginal design, deficiencies inconstruction, ageing, increase instorage/ spillwaycapacity/seismicityormodificationincodaldesignrequirement. However,remedialmeasuresimplyrestoration of original state and stability of dam after ithas experienced some distress like breach, slope failure, settlements, crack formation, piping, subsidence/upheaval etc. The main object of strengthening the dam through remedial measures isnot only to improve its safety alone but also to restore it fully to meet the designed requirements and estimated benefits. There isno 1S0 standard on the subject. This standard has been prepared based on indigenous manufacturers’ data/practices prevalent inthe field in India. The composition of the committee-responsible for formulating this standard isgiven inAnnex A. For the purpose of deciding whether aparticular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised )’. The number ofSignificant places retained inthe rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value inthis standard,Is 14954:2001 Indian Standard DISTRESS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES IN EARTH AND ROCKFILL DAMS — GUIDELINES 1 SCOPE safetymayresult.indisagreementwithstandardactually followed indesign and construction of the dam. This standard dealswiththevariouscausesofdistress, detecting methods and implementation oftheremedial 4.2 Distress in the dam generally takes place on measures forearth and rockfill darns.Thedistress and account ofthe following: remedial measurespertaining toconcrete/asphalt faced a) Natural factors like ageimg, earthquake, rockfill dams are not covered in this standard. The unprecedented rains and floods, etc; remedial measures for the works relating to increase in spillway capacity and construction of fuse plug b) Design inadequacies and deficiency; orbreachingsectonarealsonotcoveredinthisstandard. c) Imperfections and deficiencies during 2 REFERENCES construction, operation and maintenance; The following Indian Standards contain provisions d) Incorrectestimationofdesignparameterssuch which through reference in this text, constitute asdensity,shearparameter, permeabiIity,etc; provisions ofthisstandard. Atthetimeofpublication, and the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based e) Non-observance ofdesign requirements with on this standard are encouraged to investigate the regard to construction of structures on possibility ofapplying the mostrecent editions ofthe upstream and downstream within specified standards indicated below: zones. IS No. Title 5 TYPES OF DISTRESS IN DAMS 6066:1994 Pressure grouting of rock 5.1 Types of distress most frequently abserved in foundations in river valley embankment dams are asfollows: projects — Recommendations a) “Distress due to deteriorations in the (second revision) foundations, and 7894:1975 Codeofpracticeforstabilityanalysis b) Distressduetodeteriorations inthedambody. of earth dams 5.2 Distress DuetoDeteriorations intheFoundations 8826:1978 Guidelines for design 6flarge earth and rockfill dams 5.2.1 Percolation and Internal Erosion 9296:1979 Guidelines for inspection and The main cause of the deficient behaviour isdue to maintenanceofdamandappurtenant (a) inadequacies ofexisting-seepage control system, structures (first revision ) namely seepage barriers and drainage system; and (b) excessive pore pressure or -degradation in the 3 GENERAL foundation. The remedial measures best suited for adam depend 5.2.2 Loss of Shear Strength upon many factors. The type of treatment should be selected/adopted on the basis of techno-economic Saturation ofthesoilmayresult inhighvalue ofpore- considerations to ensure the safety and restoration pressure and reduction in shear strength of the of embankment within stipulated period. The types foundation which create disorders inandthe form of of treatments discussed in the standard are overall downstream slips degradation offoundation material and general and should be considered together with etc. specific instructions that might have been stipulated 5.2.3 Deformation and Subsidence during design, construction or maintenance. Differential settlement inthe foundation may leadto 4 CAUSES FOR DISTRESS IN DAMS excessiveseepage,highexitgradient throughthestrata 4.1 Anevaluation ofthe existing rules ofthe art and ofthefoundation itselforopening/cracks development anymodification of the criteria used toevaluate the inthe cut-off. 1Is 14954:2001 5.3 Distress Dueto Deteriorations inthe Dam Body internal erosion; and 5.3.1 Percolation and Internal Ero.~ion b) Differential movements. The distress ismostly associated withthe following: 5.3.5 Upstream Slips a) Deficiency in construction with respect to The upstream slips are mostly associated with the moisture contentcontrol,earthplacementand following: compaction particularly atjunctions ofzones a) Inadequate shear strength ofthe foundation; and method dealing with frost effects; b) Inadequate strength of the embankment b) Unsatisfactory and sub-standard materials; construction oftheimperviouscoreandother water barrier systems; and c) Poor construction; c) Use of undesirable construction materials d) Excessive pore pressure; without proper compliance to design parameters andwithoutadequateprecautions, e) Sudden drawdown; and inrespectoftineclays,organicclay,dispersive 9 Liquefaction. clays,siltandfineuniformsands,solublesoils withboulders, decomposed rocks,weathered 5.3.6 Downstream Slips rocks, soils with unsuitable grain-size- distribution, etc; and The downstream slips aremostly associated with the following: d) Inadequacies ofdrainage systemandfilters. a) Inadequate shear strength ofthe foundation; 5.3.2 Slope Protection Works b) Inadequate strength of the embankment The distress intheslope protection worksisgenerally materials; attributed to: c) Poor construction; a) material decomposition orweathering; d) Excessive pore pressure; b) unforeseen actions oractions ofexceptional magnitude such asprecipitation orwaves in e) Percolation and/or internal erosion; reservoir; f) Liquefaction; and c) differential movements and/or slips of the g) Saturation due to sustained rainfall. protection measures at upstream; 6 DETECTION METHODS d) inadequate protective drainage filter layers below revetment and improper packing of 6.~ Direct Observation and Monitoring revetments; Directobservation isoneofthemosteffectivemethods e) splashing due to wave action, in case of ofdetecting thefollowingdeteriorations infoundation inadequate free board, resulting in the and dam body: downstream slope erosion; and a) Deformation and land subsidence; f) Presence of too small size of stones. b) Excessive seepage and internal erosion; 5.3.3 Dl~ferentia[ Movements c) Slope protection; The differential movements including uneven load transfer, cracking, arching and hydraulic fracture in d) Differential movements; the dam body are liable to occur due to unsuitable e) Upstream slip?; and embankmentmaterials,improperconstructionmethods, poor compaction and,heterogeneity in foundation f) Downstream slips. strata. Embankment damshould bemonitored andexamined 5.3.4 Interface Between Embankments and Concrete/ for cracks, leakages, saturated areas or wet spots, Masonry/Steel Structures/A ~oining Embankments springs, sinkholes, evidence of piping, erosion, excessive growth of vegetation, frost, heave, crest Improper contact at interface leads to: alignment, bulgingordepression ofslopes andberms, a) Preferential path ofseepage associated with animal burrows, anddeterioration ofrip-rap or@her 2Is 14954:2001 slope protection materials. The major areas needing Construction methods which may be used for attention in inspection have been listed in IS 9296 rehabilitation are given in7.2 to 7.10. which may be referred to for guidance. 7.2 Treatment for Control of Excessive Seepage 6.1.1 Under-Water Observation Themainobjective oftreatment istorestore thewater Under-water observations withvideo equipment and tightness ofthe dam and foundation. The method of remotely operated vehicles ( ROV ) or divers for treatmentmaydifferforfoundation,damswithupstream inspecting inaccessible areasunder-water maybeused membrane, dams with impervious core and for detecting the deterioration in foundation and homogeneous dams. reservoir side ofdam. 7.2.1 Foundation 6.2 Measurement 7.2,1.1 Rock Periodic and systematic measurements inrespect of seepage, phreatic level,uplift, porepressure, turbidity, Vepending upon thenature ofrock, grouting maybe horizontal displacement, vertical displacement and done either from the upstream or top of the dam rainfall mayalsobeused indetecting thedeterioration ensuring the formation of continuous barrier in the in foundation and dam body. rockalongwithcore. The grouting maybecarried out with ordinary portland cement or chemicals 6.3 Investigation (seeIS6066). Testresults onsoil samples fromdamand foundat~on 7.2.1.2 Soil and chemical and physical analysis of seepage can be used to investigate the deterioration inrespect of During the service time of reservoir it is usually shear strength, seepage and internal erosion of the impracticaltoprovide apositivecut-offor openpartial foundation and dam body. cut-offthrough outthelengthofthedamasaremedial 7‘REMED[AL MEASURES measure. However, afull cut-off maybe adopted by way of providing any one of the following: 7.I Strengthening, repairs andremedial measures are notamenabletostandardization andshouldbecarefully a) R,C.C.diaphragm; selected depending upon (a) the risk element as b) Plastic diaphragm; influenced bytheheight ofthedam, reservoir volume and potential loss to life and properties, etc, (b) the c) Sheet piles; and economicvalueofwaterstored,(c)nature offoundation d) Alluvial grouting. stratum, and (d) materials and methods used in construction of the dam. Measures generally used Sometimes clay blanket constructed by suitably are asfollows: spreadingimperviousmaterialupstreamunderminimum 1) Monitoring distress level; water condition in the reservoir combined with downstream relief wells maybethe most appropriate 2) Seepage control measures; solution. 3) Construction and/or repair of drains filters 7.2.2 Dams with Impervious Core and Homogeneous and relief wells; Dams 4) Strengthening bygrouting orother methods; Problems related with seepage through thedam body 5) Filling of fractures, cavities and sink holes; having homogeneous section or core may be effectively tackled using the following measures: 6) Construction or repair of slope protection; a) The seepage at about FRL and above is 7) Reconstruction of deteriorated zones; mainly as aresult of siphon effect over the 8) Upstream stabilization methods; dambodyandmaybeeliminatedbyextension ofcore upto atleast onemetre above MWL 9) Downstream stabilization methods; by open excavation and construction of 10) Raising ofdam; continuousadditional coreabovetheexisting one according to specification, 11) ‘Increase inspillway capacity; b) Seepage through homogeneous section may 12) Construction offuseplug/breaching section; be reduced by providing upstream geo- and membrane lining with suitable cover of 13) Lowering ofreservoir level. protective layer(see Fig. 1), 3Is 14954:2001 I ! 1.AnchoringofLDPEFilminTrenches 4. 90cmThickEarthCover 2. ExistingSlopeProfile 5. 30cmThickStonePitching 3. LDPEFilm350MicronThickness FIG. I TYPICALDETAILOFLAYINGOFLDPE FILMONTHEUPSTREAMSLOPE c) Construction of a cenlent-bentonite/p lastic c) Providing an inclined chimney filter and or concrete diaphragm wall through or transverse filter drain for the seepage in adjacent to the core of the dam, downstream and covering the chimney section by constructing additional d) Cement-bentonite orchemical grouting, and downstream section ofdam (see Fig. 3), NO-FE—Proper care is to be exercised to avoid d) Providingfilterandrocktoeatthedownstream reduction in the etTiciemcy of downstream filter arrangements due to grouting. toe and improve drainage, and e) Removing and rebuilding thedamaged parts e) Combination ofabove measures mayalso be of the dam including core with generously adopted on account of safety and economic provided filter layers with very precise grounds. specifications inrespect ofthe filter. 7.3.2 Sand Boils and Slushy Conditions on 7.3 Drains and Filter Construction or Repair Downslreom of Datn The mainaimoftheremedial measure istocollect the The main cause of sand boils and slushy conditions seepage water inside thedamandthrough foundation on the downstream of dam isthe excess hydrostatic andprovide itasafeexitthrough thedrainage system, pressure and seepage through deep pervious strata underlying the dam. The severity of under-seepage 7.3.1 Perched Water both inrespect ofexcessive hydrostatic pressure and To drain the perched water or high phreatic lines at seepage-flow is dependent upon head of water, different places leading to local slushiness in the permeability ofsubstratum and characteristics ofthe downstream slope or piping, the following methods upperstrataofdownstream portion. Thisproblem may may be adopted: be tackled by properly designed and constructed downstream loading berm with suitable inverted a) Constructingverticaldrainsinthedownstream filter, drainage trench, upstream clay blanket with or slope of the dam section going down and without relief wells ortheir suitable combination. joining the extended horizontal filters. This willdrain theperched water intotheexisting 7.4 Strengthening byGrouting downstream drainage system of the dam Multiple-row-grout-curtain may be used for sealing section (see Fig. 2), deeppermeablealluviuminfoundation. However,dam b) Providing anewfiltersectionwithbermatthe bodygrouting mayalsobedone ifneedarises. Special appropriate level ofthedownstream section care has to be taken in working out the allowable covering the entire area of seepage. This grouting pressure and grout intake to avoid the sectionwiIIservethepurposeofdownstream possibility of further cracks in the core and rise of Ioilding and safe exit to the seeping water, pore water pressure within the dam endangering its 4Is 14%4 :2001 320 310: 300 1. VerticalDrains 4. ExtendedHorizontalFilter 2. Filter 5. ExistingDownstreamDrainageSystem 3. CleanGravel FIG.2 TYPICALDETAILOSFVIXUCALDRAINSINTHEI)owr-wrrwmISLOPIZ I?-@ 1. ExistingProfile 7. HydraulicGradient LinewithWater Level(for ReservoirConditionA) 2. ProposedProfile 8. StableSlopeSuitabletoSiteConditions 3. VerticalStandPipePiezometer 9. HydraulicLinewithWaterLevel(forReservoir 4. EarihfillCompactedinLayers ConditionB) 5. CutLine 10. 1.5mThickSandFilter 6. CutLine 11, CrossFilterDrains FIG.3 TYPICALDETAILOFINCLINEDCHIMNEYFILTERINTHEDOWNSTREAMSLOPE safety.Grouts, usualIyclay-cement-bentonitemixtures quality materials usedfor construction and defective withcertainadditives andreagents,havetobeadjusted placingofembankmentor inefficientdrainage system. to suit varying local conditions based on extensive The methods described in7.5.1 to7.5.3 aregenerally laboratory and field tests to optimise the mix employed for strengthening. proportions with regard tostability,bleeding, fluidity, 7.5.1 Removing the zone of cavities by open lubricity and strength, Clay-gels and silica-gels may excavation and refilling the cavities with the dam be used but resins which are too expensive should material byplacing, dumping, spreading, moistening be used judiciously depending on the necessity. andcompacting asperspecification adopted for dam 7.5 Filling in Fractures and Cavities construction. The main reasons for fractures and cavities are poor 7.5.2 Filling the cracks with thick slurry consisting 5Is 14954:2001 primarilyofnaturalclayeysoil.Thoroughlymixedslurry a) Partial repair with the same material and ispumped with low headpump under gravity head. methods as adopted in the original dam Beforepumping anyslurry,thecracksarewashedwith construction, water under pressure. Slurry filled intothecracks are b) Enlargingtheupstreamprotection bydumping allowed to dry for several dayslweeks. In case of selected rockfill along the entire upstream appreciable shrinkage ofthe slurry duetodrying, the slope, process isrepeated. Finallythecracksshouldbesealed atthe surface by trenching filling and recompacting c) Enlarging the upstream protection zone by with appropriate soil to adepth ofO.3to 0.6 m. dumping selected rockfill over the platform constructed outofdumped coarse fractjoned 7.5.3 Sealing of sink holes inthe reservoir or inthe rockfill, upstreamofdamsectionbyencirclingtheareabysheet piling and filling the hole with dense mixture of d) Replacement of slope protection, and appropriate materials such as sand, gravel, pebble, boulder and rock fragments etc andthen compacting e) Partlyenlargingtheupstreamprotection from as per specifications adopted for dam construction. dumped coarse fractioned rockfill. 7,6 Repair of Slope Protection 7.7 Reconstruction of Deteriorated Zones 7.6.1 The following measures aregenerally adopted Some times itbecomes inevitable to reconstruct the to repair slope protection (see Fig. 4): damsection inpart orwhole length duetosevere rain -1 t--’””” ‘in Ill -——— ——— ——— — 3“0””’”1 r’”’” c D I v — — —__—— -—— . .—— ——. ——— E A.PartialRepair D.ReplacementofSlopeProtection B.Enlarging E.PartlyEnlargingfromDumpedCoarse Fractioned RocldN c. EnlarginefromDumpedCoarseFractionedRockfill FIG.4 DIFFERENWTAYSOFREPAIRINGANDSTRENGTHENINUGPSTREAMSLOPEPROTECTIONIs 14954:2001 cuts, bulges, slope slides, settlement, unwarranted 7.10 Raising of Dam Crest humanandanimal activities etc. Insuchcases,afresh Raising of dam crest maybe required on free board damsection bwed onIS8826and1S7894,beevolved consideration. For raising adamcrest, strengthening and fitted over the existing dam section in most of the profile by downstream loading may be done. economical methods. Whiletakinguptheupstream strengthening forraising 7.8 Upstream Slope Stabilization Methods the damcrest, necessary precautions should betaken inrespect ofmaintaining thereservoir outlet, removal Following methods may be employed for upstream of embankment protection, possible presence of slope stabilization: sedimentsetc.Incaseofazoneddam,theprolongation and strengthening of the core should begiven due a) Flattening of the slope and/or reloading on consideration. the upstream toe. This may be done by constructinglargewidthrockfillbermatlower 8 PLANNING, DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF level.Properlydesignedflatterslopecanthen REMEDIAL WORKS beconstructed fromthis lower levelbermto the top of the dam, 8.1 Design Procedure Forany.enlargement, alteration, rehabilitation, repair b) Stabilizing the upstream slope by grouting or abandonment of existing structures or facilities, with sand cement grout, the original design documents and all available c) Restoration of failed slopes using geogrids, constructionandoperation records should becarefully and studied. d) Providing additional earthfill withhorizontal Iftherehabilitationwouldrequiresubstantial structural filters within. modificationorifbaiic assumptionsandenvironmental conditions whichformthebasisoftheoriginal design 7.9 Downstream Slope Stabilization Methods haveconsiderably changed,thewholestructure should undergo a new stability analysis. The following methods may be employed for downstream stabilization: 8.2 Principles and Criteria of Design a) Installing drainage system, Designing ofanypart or whole of any component of the embankment dam should be done as per current b) Flattening of slope, relevant Indian Standards. Before starting detailed c) Reinforcing ofearth, design work, the actual condition of those parts or components ofthestructures tobeenlarged, modified d) Stone pitching, or repaired should be carefully surveyed a~d documented. e) Providing an effective rain-water drainage system, 8.3 A close watch should also be kept to study the effectiveness ofthetreatment. Allnecessary data and o Providing good and effective turfing, and procedures adopt’edshould beproperly documented. g) Employing any other treatment suggested Regular inspection ofthe distressed area, depending in6.3. upon its importance, should be carried out. “.Is 14954:2001 ANNEX A (J’oreword) COMMI’ITEE COMPOSITION Damsand Reservoirs Sectional Committee, WRD 9 Chairman Representing DRB. K. MITTAL Central Water Commission, New Delhi Members CHIWEN(iINI:BJt( BHAKRA~AM) Bhakra Beas Management Board, Nangal DIRIXTOJ?( D~SI~N ) B&B DENGN DIWCTOkATE( Alternate) SHRIS. P. KAUSHISH Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi SHRIT. S. MURTHY(Alternate) DIRECTOR Central Soil and Material Research Station, New Delhi SHRIA. K.DHAVAN( Alternate ) SHUIR. M. KHATSURIA Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune SHIUP.B. DIiOLALIKAk( Alternate) DIRECT(JR[CMDD-NW&S ] Central Water Commission, New Delhi DIRLCTORRiIS~RVOiR(Alternate ) SHRIM. K. NARASIMHAI.YA Consulting Engineering Services (I )Ltd, ‘NewDelhi SHRIS. S. NARANG~Alternate ) SHJUG. K. KAISTHA Geological Survey of India, Shillong SHWR. N. SINCiH(AJternate ) CHIEFENWN~~R( M~DIUM& MINOR) & ADDITIONAL Narmada andWaterResources Department, Government ofGujarat, S~CRI:TA~Y Gandhinagar SUIWRINTENIXNGENGINEER( CDO ) (Alternate ) IndianInstituteofTechnology,NewDelhi HEADOFTHECIVILENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT CHIWENCNNiZ~R[ 1&CAD ] IrrigationDepartment,GovernmentofAndhraPradesh SUPJHiINT~N~INCEiNGINEER( DAMS) ( Alternate ) SHJUA. DASCiUPTA Irrigation wtdWaterWaysDkectorate, Government ofWestBengal, SHRIH. P.CHAK~ABARTI( Alternate ) Kolkata CHIWENGINWR( DAMDIZWN ) Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee SUIWINTENOINGENCiINHiRDAMDESIGNCIRCLE1 ( Alternate) CHIEFENGINEER( RSDD ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh DIRECTORDAMS( RSDD )(Alternate) SUIILI~INTI>NKIIENNGGIN~JiR( MD ) Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra, Nasik EXJ+CUTIVEENCHNEJR( MD-4) ( Alternate) CHIWENCiINK~R( PRCJJECT)S Irrigation Department, Government of Harytma, Chimdigarh DIR~CTO~( ENci~ )( Alternate ) SHWA. K. RISHI Water Resources Department, Goverment of Madhya Pradesh, DIRI:CTOR( DAMS) ( Alternate) BhopaI SHRID. G. KADKADE Jaiprakash Industries Ltd, New Delhi SHRINAR~NLJRASINGH( Alternate ) SHRIP.R. MALTIKARJUNA Kartmtaka Power Corporation Limited, Bangalore SHRIS. M. CHHJBJ( Alternate ) ( Continued onpage 9 ) 8Is 14954:2001 ( Continued from page 8 ) Members Representing SHRIGEORGECHERIYAN Kerala State Electricity Board, Thiruvananthapuram SHRIM. S. BJSARIA Gammon India Ltd, Mumbai SHRIR. D. VARANGAONKAR( AIterna(e ) StiRI K.S. NAGARAJA National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Ltd, Faridabad SHRIUTPALBORA North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi DRS. M. SETH National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee DRP.K. MHAPAT~(Alternate ) ENGINEERINCHIEF Public Works Department, Government ofTamil Nadu, Chen nai CHIEFENGINEER( Alternate) SHRIL. K. BANSAL Tehri Hydro Development Corporation, Noida SHRIS. S. SETHI Director, General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member) Director &Head (WRD ) Member-Secretary SHRIB. K. SINHA Joint Director (Water Resources Department), BIS 9Bureau of Indian Standards .r..- BIS is a statutory institution estabhshedunderthe Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote — harmonious development ofthe activities ofstandardization, marking and quality certification ofgoods and attending to connected matters in tie country. Copyright BIShasthe copyright ofallitspublications. 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Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: ManakBhavan, 9Bahadur Shah ZafarMarg, NewDelhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 3230131,3233375,3239402 (Common to all ofiices ) Regional OffIces: Telephone Central: Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur ShahZafar Marg 3237617 NEWDELHI 110002 { 3233841 Eastern: 1/14 C.I.T.Scheme VHM,V.I.P.Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 CALCU’ITA700 054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern: SCO335-336, Sector34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern: C.I.T. Campus, IVCrossRoad, CHENNAI 600113 2350216,2350442 { 2351519,2352315 Western: Manakalaya, E9MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 { 8327891,8327892 Branches: AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNO W. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed atNew India Printing Press, Khurja, India
10386_4.pdf	y’--.r, ., i.‘., , . IS 10386 ( Part 4 ) : 1992 lndian Standard CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RIVER VALLEY PROJE-CTS - SAFETY CODE PART 4 HANDLING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES UDC 627’8’004’5 : 614’835 0 BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002Safety in Construction, Operation and Maintenance of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee, RVD 21 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Safety in Construction, Operation and Maintenance of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. With large scale increase in construction activity of river valley projects, the number of major accidents have increased. Further, increased construction activity has created certain hazards for persons working on the projects. The degree of safety achieved in project constructions has a direct bearing on the amount of effort expanded to avoid accidents by those who control the conditions and practices on the project. In order to avoid accidents it should be the overall responsibility of the project authorities to provide measures for the safety of all persons working on the projects. There are number of aspects that need to be kept in mind when the safety norms of an entire river valley project are envisaged. To this end, various aspects that need consideration, from the view- point of safety, are dealt with in various parts of this standard. This part covers the safety aspects to be kept in view during handling, transportation and storage of explosives. Explosives play a vital role in~the construction of different components of modern river valley projects. Proper handling, transportation and storage of explosives is as essential from the view point of safety as selection and judicious use of proper kind and quality of explosive is for successful and efficient progress of every job. Hazards arising out of mishandling of explosives are lrkely to result in accidents which may endanger the life of workers and inhabitants in the vicinity and also endanger the safety of buildings and structures.ISIO386(Part4):1992 ’ hdian Standard CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS - SAFETY CODE PART 4 HANDLING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF EXPLOSIVES 1 SCOPE protection against moisture, provided the cases remain unopened. Stock should always he usedi n the 1.1 This part lays down requirements regarding sequence of the date of manufacture, which is marked storage of different classes of explosives, selection of on the cases. This avoids any accumulation of old site for magazine, maintenance and operation of stock and helps to make sure that the material is in the magazine, transportation of-explosives, their handling, best condition. Once a case is opened the contents loading, unloading and inspection as well as pre- should he used as early as possible, if all the cautions to be taken therein. explosives are not used during the same day, the original packing should be folded over and the case 2 GENERAL should be closed to give the maximum possible protection to the contents. Tbe storage of 2.1 The use of’explosives is very essential in bard explosives s ball be done as per provisions of the Indian ground tunneling, shaft sinking and other excavation Explosives Act, 1884 and rules made thereunder and operations of river valley projects. Selection dnd conditions given in the licence to be issued by the judicious use of proper kind and~quality of explosive competent authority as laid down in the act. is very essential fc., safe and speedy execution of various components of such projects. All operations 3.2 Selection of Site for Magazine I involved in transportation, handling and use ofexplo- sive should he as pet the Indian Explosive Act 1884 The magazine should he kept away from residential and should also conform to the pmvlsiom made therein. buildings, railroads or highways, transmission lines, dams and their appurtenant works. 2.2 Proper storage of explosives and accessories is important to ensure LLatt hese materials are kept out of 3.2.1 Tbe safe distance required under the Explosives reach of unauthorized persons to reduce the hazard of Rules 1940 depends upon the storage capacity of the accidental explosionand also to maintain themingood magazine and may he carefully planned taking into condition for use. account the rate of consumption and the frequency of replenishment. 2.3 Gelatine tends to stiffen if exposed to low temperature fora long duration. Thereforesome times, 3.2.2 Tbe best site for a magazine is on well drained it may he desirable to p1ac.ee xplosives in a warm room sloping ground. The selected site should he accessible for several hours ‘hefore use to enable them to soften by road and it is advisable to make sure that the and make them easier to prime and tamp in bore holes. existing tracks are usable throughout the year. If-there In no case should the gelatine he placed close to a fire are overhead power transmission lines in the selected to thin or soften it. area, the distance between these and tbc magazine building should not he less than 92 me&es. 3 STORAGE OF EXPLOSIVES 3.2.3 The construction and approval of the magazine 3.1 Effect of Storage on Explosives and Accessories shall he based on Standard Indian Practice as governed ‘by the Indian Explosives Act 1884 and Explosives Explosives and accessories are pcrl$bable goods Rules 1940, as amended from time to time. which are liable to deteriorate aft?! prolonged storage, especially if subjected to lrilrb temperature and 3.3 Storage of Different Class of Explosives humidity. If kept in a moist place the compounds contained in the explosives may lose tbeir power. It is Under the Explosive Rules, the various explosives and due to this reason that underground magazines are accessories are classified under separate headings as not preferred on river valley projects. On the other below: hand, explosives should also not he stored in a very dry place, because they may lose the moisture they Class 1 - Gunpowder naturally contain and thus their speed of explosion may change. Class 2 - Nitrate mixtures (GN/L, Powerflow 1, Powerflow 2, and Powerflow 3) 3.1.1 The . method of packing used by the manufacturers is designed to give maximum Class 3 - Nitrocompounds 1IS 10386 ( Part 4 ) : 1992 Div. 1 - Blasting gelatine, special 4 l’he area surrounding explosive magazines gelatines, opencast gelignite, should be kept free from bushes and permitted explosives, etc vegetation. Div. 2-Seismex, seismex primers, 4 Empty boxes, loose packing material or cotton gun cotton, PETN, TNT, primex, waste should not be kept on the magazine etc premises. Class 4 - Chlorate mixtures t) Explosive magazines should be well venti- Class 5 - Fulminates lated and it is advisable to keep the magazine Class 6 - Ammunition open every day for a period of one hour. Div. 1 - Safety fuse, fog signals, Detailed records of all outgoing and incoming igniter cord connectors, electric stocks should be kept. Explosives shouid be lighters, safety electric fuses, used according to~date of manufacture. percussion caps, safety cartridges for small arms h) All magazines should be securely locked, when Div. 2 - Plastic igniter cord, not attended. detonating fuse, electric fuse, fuse igniters, etc j) Cases of explosives should be stacked on trestles clear of the floor and a 15 cm air space Div. 3 - Detonators, detonating should be left between the cases and the walls refays, etc to allow circulation of air. Class 7 - Fireworks Care should be taken that repairs to magazines Under the Explosives Rules the following can be are attended to on priority basis. stored together in the same magazine: Every explosive magazine should promi- Gunpowder Class 1 nently display general rules governing con- duct in magazines indicating prohibition of Nitrate mixture Class 2 smoking, carrying of matches and/or any Nitrocompounds Class 3 other rules that may be required by the local Chlorate ,mixtures Class 4 licensing authorities. A copy of the licence and lightning conductor test certificate should Safety fuse Class 6 Div. 1 also be preserved in the magazine. Plastic igniter cord Class 6 Div. 2 Detonating fuse Class 6 Div. 2 4 On no account should the magazine be opened during, or on the approach of a thunder storm and no person should remain in the vicinity of On no account, however, should detonators be stored the magazine during such a storm. together with explosives. Normally detonators are stored in a separate building but if the number of detonators does not exceed 44 000 it is permissible to P) Under no condition shall explosive caps or fuse be stored in the same place or kept in the store themina properly constructed annexe attached to same container with other explosives. A make the magazine. up house shall be provided at each working 3.4 Maintenance and.Operation of Magazines place in which cartridges will be made up by experienced powermen as required for the The following precautions should be taken for immediate work. This make up buildingshall maintenance and operation of magazines: becompletely without any internal source of heat, and only battery Powered illumination a) The inside of all magazines should be should be used. scrupulously clean. The floor of the building should be cleaned with a brush on each 9) The magazine should be guarded at all times. occasion when the magazine is opened for delivery or receipt of explosives. r) The area around the magazine should be properly fenced, provided with one entrance b) The magazine-keeper should ensure that gate and should have adequate lighting cigarettes and matches are not taken into the arrangements. magazine. 3.5 Handling and Transportation of Explosives c) All the tools used in tht magazines for opening of explosive boxes should be of wood dr sofi 3.5.1 Explosives are transported in specially fabri- non-ferrous metal such as brass, copper or cated and licenced explosive vans conforming to the bronze. Iron and steel tools are prohibited as specifications prescribed in Explosive Rules, 1940. they may cause sparking. The yan bears the inscription ‘EXPLOSIVE VAN’ so 2IS 10386 ( Part 4$ : 1992 as -to warn the workers and public. Before transport- night or at any other time in a public garage or ing from the magazine to the site of work it should similar building. be ensured that the entire cargo is securely loaded. j) Explosives should not be transported on a Metal tools, oil, matches, electric storage battery, public highway during ~hours of darkness acids or corrosive compounds, etc, .are not to be except in an extreme emergency and only carried in the body of the transporting vehicle. The with the written approval of the project van should be equipped with extinguishers. At the authorities. back of van, there should be two metallic chains hanging from the body in such a way that they are k) Explosives should not be transported in any in contact with the ground all the time to provide form of trailer, nor should any trailer be necessary earthing for safety against lightning strike attached to a motor truck or vehicle hauling or the vehicle being short circuited. In addition to explosives. the ~above, all the provisions of Indian Explosives l-4 No transfer of explosives from one vehicle to Act lb84 should be fully complied with. another should be made on any highway except in case of an emergency. 3.5.2 Explosives should not be transported on the site of operations except in suitable cases or canisters n) Persons exployed in the transport or handling which are so made as to prevent any escape of of explosives should not carry with them, or in explosives and are without danger of sparks or the vehicle, matches, fire arms or any flame other sources of ignition during conveyance. No producing devices. explosive should be removed from such cases or canisters except when it is to be used forthwith for P) Smoking should be prohibited during purpose of work. handling and transportof explosives. 9) As a special precaution at unmanned railway 3.5.3 No explosive should be transported in a crossings, the vehicle should be brought to a mechanically propelled vehicle unless such a vehicle complete halt and the journey proceeded with is locked and is of a type approved in writing by tbe only after ensuring clear way. Chief Inspector of Explosives. The following rules should also be observed: r) AI1 accidents should be reported to the Chief Inspector of Exlosives and others as specified a) Vehicles should have springs under the body. in the Explosive Act. Unsprung country carts should not be used. 3.5.4 Vehicles used for transporting explosives b) Detonators and igniters should not be carried should conform to Explosive Rules and should be care- in the same vehicle together with explosives. fully inspected’ daily to determine that: cl The speed of the vehicle should not exceed 25 4 Fire extinguishers are filled and are in place; km per hour. b) The electric wiring is web insulated and firmly d) Besides the driver, only one more helper secured; should be accommodated in the vehicle. The vehicle carrying explosives should not be used 4 Chassis, engine and body are clean and free to transport workmen or other materials to from surplus oil and grease; work sites although there may be enough space for men or materials. 4 Fuel tankand feed lines are not leaking; 3 Drivers should not leave the vehicle e) Lights, brakes and steering mechanism are in unattended while transpoting explosives. good working order; 9 All vehicles transporting explosive should 9 Tyres are properly inflated and in good be marked or placarded on both sides and condition; and ends with the word “EXPLOSIVES” in white letters not less than 76 mm high on a red & Vehicle is in proper condition in all respects background. for the safe transportation of explosives. g) The motor vehicle carrying explosive should not be refueled except in emergencies and 35.5 Boxes of explosives should not be handled no other vehicle should be allowed at the re- roughly or allowed to fall. fueling station when the vehicle carrying Containers of explosives should be opened only by explosives is being refueled. Refueling means of non-sparking tools or instruments. should be done at a fueling station located outside the city limits. Such vehicles should 3.5.6 After loading at the section to be blasted, all invariably have at least hvo fire extinguishers excess explosives and detonators should be removed placed at convenient points. to a safe location or returned at once to.the storage h) All vehicles transporting explosives should magazine, observing the same rules as when being never be taken into a garage, or repairshop, or conveyed to tbe blasting area. The used and unused parked in congested areas, or parked over- explosives should be properly accounted for. 3IS10386(Part4):1992 3.5.7 Containers for detonators should always be to accumulate within 8 m of an explosive used for storing detonators only: magazine. 4 DON’T smoke or have matches, open lights, 3.5.8 Place of Loading and Unloading . or other fire an.dior flame producing devices in or near an explosives magazine, or have them 3.5.8.1 Loading and unloading of explosives should nearby while handling or loading explosives. be done at a safe distance from dwelling houses, power house buildings, transmission towers, stores of DON’T shoot into explosives with any fire petroleum, timber or any other flammable material. an, or allow shooting in the vicinity of an explosives magazine. 4 DON’T’S i3) DON’Tstoreanymetallicroolsorimplements in an explosives magazine. 4.1 For the purposes of this list of DONT’S, the terms contained therein shall be as follows: h) DON’T drop, throw, or slide packages of explosives or handle them roughly in any The term ‘Explosives’ shall signify any or all of the manner. following dynamite, black blasting powder, pette powder, blasting caps and electric blasting caps, etc: .i> DON’T open wooden cases of explosives with metallic tools. Use a wooden wedge and 4 DON’T purchase, possess, store, transport, wooden, rubber, or fibre mallet. Metallic slit- handle, or use explosives except in strict ter may be used for opening fibre board casts, accordance with organizational regulations. provided that the metallic Flitter dots not come in contact with the metallic fasteners of b) DON’Tstore explosives anywhere except ina the case. magazine which is clean, dry, well ventilated, properly located, suitably constructed, securely DON’T store blasting caps or electric locked, fenced and guarded and properly blasting caps in the same box, container or earthed . magazine together with other explosives. cl DON’T leave explosives lying around the 4 DON’T handle explosives during the work site where workmen can get them. approach or progress of an electrical storm. All persons should retire to a place of safety. DON’T allow leaves, grass, brush or debrisStandard Mark The use of the Standard Mark IS governed by the provIsIons of the Bureau ql lndwn Standards Act, 1986 and the Kules and Kegulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervlsed by BE and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.._--_ Bureau of Iudiau Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the bureau of Indian Standurds Acl, 1986 to promote harmotiious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details. such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BlS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference : Dot : No RVD 21 ( 3806 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue .Tcxt Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Officer ) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 I 331 13 75 Eastern : l/l4 C. 1. T. Scheme VII M. V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61, CALCUTTA 700054 37 86 26, 37 86 62 i Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43, 53 16 40, 53 23 84 i Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600 113 235 02 16, 235 04 42, t 235 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 63 27 80, BOMBAY 400093 632 78 91, 632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. C~OIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAlPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. SRINAGAR. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed-at Printrade, New Delhi, India
2395_2.pdf	IS 2396’ ( Part 2) : 1994 mm ,. ; . ’ m wJ12 _, (y@yflgq&q :: ~j&&&&.&I &: II.. ” PAINTING OF CONCRETE; ii.SONRY AND PLASTER SURFACES d CODE OF PRA(XICE d PART2 SCHEDULES (First Revision) UDC 698.12 : 667.6 : 006.76 @BIS 1994 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Juiy 1994 Price Group 3FoREzwoRli ‘I’bisI ndian Standard was adop? by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by Painting, lkmishing and Allied Finishes Sectional Committee had +n approved ey the Civil Engineering JXvlsionCkndl. ‘I!& standard w81)f irst ppbitaod in 1867 and this is the first revision of the standard. In this revipion the f~-gcsrtrlEpo&WWW#kW 0 4 In respect df primer coat it lb88n ow been clearlys pedtied in this revision the application of one coat of respective finish as against a thinned C08t of primer which was specified earlier. Further forevetytypeoffinishi~hasnowbeens cd that the same may be thinned according to the maeqcturera recomqmdation in the Thi8 @t&d Ir patt 2 of the htdian Standard Code of practice for painting of concrete, masonry and laster surface$ @ @uikMg’works, aqd deals with the painting schedules. Part 1 of this tallkrd ~&@8 the painting operations tid workmanship of calcareous surfaces. The painting $eratlon$ and workmanship of asbestos cement building proddcts are covered in IS 3 140:1 965 ‘C@e of proctioe, fat painting as-to6 cement building pro&W. Both the parts are intedded to p&e cotnp\ete gui&tb with regardt o the painting work of calcareous surfaces. ., , :;/ In the fq’m##ion of @@s ?oQatd tu$ w?igltpge has been given to international co-ordination among the otand#@ uid prac$@6 prdi@# in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the fi(tld ih th?s‘countty. The comm@ee farpopr~le $0~t he preparatioe of this standard is given at Annex B. Pot the urpose o(&xidin wplctber a pafficular requfrement of this standard is complied with, the final WlUi; CL!. m or calc u& ted, e%pvi@g the re&ulCo f a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accorda~co w@ Is 2:1%fl ‘p#a krr $out@tg off purneflcavl alues (tik-f)‘: The number of significant places reiqsoed 4 the rou@e$@ gue sbo@d be @e same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 2395 ( Part 2 ) : 1994 Indian Standard PAINTING OF CONCRE’IE, MASONRY AND PLASTEZRS URFA(I!E!3- CODE OF PRAmICE PART 2 SCHEDULES (First Revision ) 1 SCOPE. ing products shall be prepared as given in S of IS 3140 : 1965. However the following points shall 1.1 This standard (Put 2) lays dqvn sclsedd for be noted: painting of cakareous surfaces with colour washes, a) The surfaces are alkaline and are likely to distempers, dent paints, emuIsion prints, sol- hold large quantity of water and so the vent based paints, synthetic gloss paints, painting should be carried out when the bituminous paints, etc. surface is dry. However, cement paint, 2REPxRENcES lime wash and colour wash tolerate a cer- tain amount of dampness. 2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are b) The paint for inltial decoration shall be necessarya djuncts to this standard. chosen in due ‘relation to the ultimate 3 TERMINOLOGY scheme of puinting. 3.1 For the purpose of this standard the definitions Cl Thevariation in suction characteristics re- quires corresponding variation of the given in IS 1303 : 1983 and IS 23% (Part 1) : 1994 priming coat and if necessary, treatment shall apply. recommended In S.4.1 of IS 2395 (Part 4 NECESMRYINPORMAl’ION 1):1994 may bt applied. 4.1 Thenecessary information required fort he 4) The surface should be treated as recom- efficient application of paints and other pretreat- mended in 5.6.2 and 5.6.3 of IS 2395 (Part ments on cala8reous surfaces is the same as given 1):1994, if infected with algae and mould. in 4 of IS 2395 (Part 1) : 1994. e) If efflorescence appears, painting should be deferred until it ceases or suitable 5 SCHRDULESFORPAINTINGcALcARlEoUS remedial measures are taken as laid down SURFACES in c-3 of IS 2395 (Part 1) : 1994. 6.1 NW Wurh se2 nniahing Thmu%cusofconaote,rnrsonry8ndplYism8~ S.2.1 The different coats as specified in Tables 1 be prepared as specifiti in 7 of IS 23% (Part 1) : and 2 shaII be applied along with pretreatments- 1994 and the surfaces of asbestos cement build- where necessary for corresponding types of paints. Tebh~1 ScheduQ fiw Painting New cJ8kamma surfac8s - Intertor (cIouscs.21) ii) C&ur wash (~=w 1(5) iii) Di8temper Gnedearcoat Dry diitemper I)Dydbtcmpa -4- (t=J-ts) (IS 427 : 1965) b) GiI-bound Gnealatof GiI bound distemper dirtemper aIMi&- (W-W tantprhner (IS 428 : 1%9) iv) Emubkm pint” oncamtof Em&ion paint cmubkaplat (two-ts) [IS 5411 (Part 1): 19741 undermatas requiral.FlIk8 paint - tobellmgif (two-ta) required vi) Gkas paint’) GDcamtd undercoatas GIoss paint (two coats) aIkaIid8tant rrquired (IS 133z1975) M= F_tobC 6 ifrequIred .vii) c2mnkd-t GaeaYatof FMtobe Chemical resistant pint” piat ured, Ifrrquired Pahlt (two coats) vi@) ccmalt paint’) Gneeoatof NiI Cement paint -t Wo-ts) (IS 541&1%9) ix) Bituminou paint’) oncamtof Nil Bituminous paint thepaint @Q-W (IS 98fQ1981) ‘)kLybethinned~totbe -~8-mend8ticm. T&k 2 f?ded& fix Fainting New Cdcareoua Surfaces - Exterior ( Chuse 5.2.1) SI NUb cod8 (1) 0 0 (4) (5) 9 whitewash Gneeuatofwhitew88b Nil Whitewash (two coats) ii) cciIourw88h Gneatatofo3burmrh NiI CoIour wash (two coats) iii) Emubioll pahlt” GneautoremuI8im FuIertobeuwd,if Emulsion paint (two coats) print =M=j [IS 5411 (Part 2) : 19721 Flatkmigbas paint’) GnecoatofaIkaliltsiB- Undercoat as required Flat@migloss paint (two tantplimer coats) [IS 168 :1973, IS 1232 : 19641 “1 GIomp aint” chleaiatofaumIirwb Undercoatas Gloss paint (two coats), (IS -primer rcquircd 2932 :1974) (IS 2933 :1975) “0 chemiiraistnnt Gneanitofthepaint Fmtobc t&&if Chemical resistant paint (two peint required -ts) vii) Cementp aint’) Gnecoatof-t Nil Cement paint (two coats) (IS paint 5410 :l%?) Viii) Bituminous paiat’) Gnccoatof thepaint Nil Bituminous paint (two coats) (IS 9862A981) (IS 158:1981)IS2395(Part2):1994 5.2.2 Normally stopping or filling as required coat has been applied, and if any further stopping should be car&d out before aq painting is done or filling ls done over this first coat the area must andcareshould betakentosecthatany crac&s be brought forward with appropriate paint to re- between plaster and woodwork (for example, skirt- store even porosity over the surface. ings)aresecure&filled. Ifsuchcracksarewide, 5.3 MainteMncewurk caulking with hemp or similar material may he neceasaqtosupportthefllllngand preveattit mm In the case of painting relating to maintenance fallingawaythroughthegaps.Mlnordefeusare work, the principles given in Table 3 should frequently more apparent once the priming or Grst generally be adopted. Tabk3 RtcoeprmdcQFractbeforMai~~tehancePo‘in~ (1) (2) 0 @I (7) 9 Nil Nil Nil Clean, rub down with abrasive paper, apply one finishing coat ii) Nil Nil Nil Rub down the affected surface to bare plaster, allow to dry, touch up with primer coat and then apply the required number of finishing coats and follow by a rrviver coat on the entire surface, if required iii) Ya Nil Nil Nil Nil Scrape off the soft film, allow the surface to dty completely, touch up with primer coat and then apply the required number of finishing coats and follow by a reviver coat on the entire surface, if required iv) Nil Nil Nil Yea (Localii) Nil Rubdown and even up the surface with sandp aper to remove cracked ,- film. Touch up with primer, and apply the required number of finishing coats and follow by a reviver coat on the entire surface, if required “1 Nil Nil Nit Nil YeS Remove the paint from the af- f@ed portion completely and fol- low part or full schedule of painting as the case may be NOTES 1 In case of any raker &racteIistia Bihar: mentioned abcm (except chalking), the paint should be completely removed and the full a&e&k of painting be fokmvd. 2 llIereisnoeffecIiverrmedyfordfM!WWz 3Is23!w(PaPt2):1994 ANNEXA ( Clawe 2.1) LIsToFlaEmaRmIMDrANsTANDARDs IS No. IS No. Title 133: 1975 Ename& interior: (a) under- 2395(Partl): Co+ of practice for painting con- coating (b) finishing (sxuv4 1994 crete, masonry and plaster sur- w&ion) faces: Part 1 Operation and workmanship (Fst revi.rk.wr) 158 : 1981 Ready mixed paint, brushin, bituminous,black,kad-fiee&d, 2932 : 1974 Enamel, synthetic, exterior: (a) alkali and heat resisting (Turin undercoating (b) finishing (Frst iVVMO#) ?WiSiO?r) 168: 1973 Ready mixed paint, air-dry& 2933 : 1975 Enamel exterior: (a) undercoat- semi-_/nuK forg cner8lp ur- ing (b) finishing @.r~rfe virion) pom!s(Keord-) 3140 : 1%5 Code of practice for painting as- 427 : 1965 Distemper, dry, colour as re- bestos cement building products qum (ycvisad) 5410 : 1969 Cement paint (first revirio~) 428 : 1%9 Distemper,0 4 emlllmiona$M u 5411(Part 1) : Plastic emulsion paint: Part 1 For 8SWl@Cd(jht~) 1974 interior use (Frst revision) 1232 : 1964 Readym ixedp a@&b rushingy, el- 5411(Part 2) : Plastic emulsion paint: Part 2 For low semi-glossf, or peral 1972 exterior use purporre(sH c4 9862 : 1981 Ready mixed paint, brushing, 1303:1983 Olosury of terms relating to bituminous, black, lead-free, acid, paints (sacond rwLriCw) alkali, water and chloride resist- ing 4IS2395(Part2):1994 ANNEXB ( Foreword ) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Painting, Varnishing and Allied Finishes Sectional Committee, CED 34 StattB.- cdeP8iot8&cantraa RnLld,B-bgr ibfanllw !wRILK.&3ARWAL Ccntml Buildhy Rd Institute (am), Roorkcc DR S.M.StNai~) SHtttR.BEta. ICIIndinLtd,Hoo@y,W~Be@ DnA-?tJ_) StuuN. s. BHARXM TbeNatarajPaintsPvtLtd, Bumbq StuuB.V..~~~f&we) SHIUC.J.BHUMCAR w-Y-- SHR~R.K.PHAUMRE@~~~~) S~~K.ADE%I +D=-ttw CThakablF-WBombay DRP. M. GANAPA~ lndiiPtpuodhdurrlaRaeuclt&~Ilnti~Banplore Dtt H. N. JA- (A_) SHRIH.S.- IndinoImutateafkrLitccfl, StauJ.K.Jm D&k?CU8tC-dSIlpplia&D@KN&NCWDdhi SHRID .laawarmvnU@brmt~) StiRtJANOBAtWlUR lbUlZl@WbgBLocolllaLiKcO~J~~ Jo@+-“‘=&-==4 Raeudl,D esigrnn ds - orgmhuon( h4inwyof Railways), LwknlY -~--(-)(ALcIIIl) DRV.hf.KHuru hpaxodapecity(IIBunvu~Bppauyiha,N~~~ %nuV.KMmw~ Ministy of Dcfcnce (Engkcr-inUticf’s Btat~ch), NCWD elhi SwLD.K~y~~(#cnwte) SHRtM.D.MOU The Metallizing Equipment Co, Jhodhpur sHRtbChfoDt~) StfRta.C.h#- Indiin Oil Cbpotation, Nm Delhi . SJtND.KM- @t--) DRS. CNAR The Institution of En@aXB (I), Cakatta DRAW National Organic Chcmkal Industria Ltd, Bombay StttttulYALDE@&wnae) SHRIKD.SAWAW Goodha Nadac Painta Ltd, Bombay Spf-pQ=&--) Bagu Paints Indii Ltd, Bombay S&KJ.JUY-~~~QW) smlRRsBcwmlA GanvarcP aints Lid, Bombay -- Central Public Worb Department New Delhi --@-9 SHIUJ.VEMATAMMMJ_ Dirtaor General, bIS (ib#cio Memk) -(~wS) St+tttR . S. JUNEM Dqntty Dii (C%Ev n& BISBureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureauo fI n&n &m&v& Act1,9 86t o promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyrigbt BIS has a copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sixes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standarda Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reafffrmed when such a review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Addition’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. CED 34 ( 5359 ) AmendmentaI aaucd Since Poblieatloa ~~~ Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headqu&ters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi MN02 Telephones : 3310131,33113 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Of&a ) Regional O&es: Telephones Central : Maoak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 33101 31 NEW DELHI 110002 t 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 t 37 86 26, 37 86 62 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIOARH 160036 53 38 43, 53 16 40 1 53 23 84 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16, 235 04 42 { 235 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Mar& Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOMBAY 430093 t 632 78 91, 632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. ,J AIPUR. RANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA.. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. \ Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
4348.pdf	Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES ( First Revision) _ -\ I .a’ First Reprint MARCH 1989 UDC 691,21:620.193.19 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAvAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MAR0 NEW DELHI 119002 Gr 3 March 1974lS:4S48-1913 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES ( First Revision) Stones Sectional Committee, BDC 6 Chairman RePresenting SARI C. B. L. MATHUB .Public Works Department, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur Members Ssm1K.K. AGISAWALA Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SEBI K. K. MADHOK ( Altermate ) SHRI T. N. BHA~~AVA Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs, Ship-_p ing_ & Transport CHIEF AECH~TECT Central Public Works Department, New Delhi LALA G. C. DAS National Test House, Calcutta SHRI P. R. DAM ( Alternate ) DXPUTY CHIEF E~QINEEB Public Works Department, Government of Kerala, (B&R) Trivandrum DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( RESEARCH ) , Public Works Department, Government of Orissa, &xTBOL 8t RE SE AR 0 H Cuttack LABOBATOBY DB M. P. Drtra Central Road Research Institute (CSIR ), New Delhi SHBI R. L. NANDA ( Ahmute ) DIBECTOB ( CSMRS ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) ( Alternate) &BECTOR, MERI Building & Communication Department, Govern- ment of Maharashtra. BombavI RESEAIZOH OFFIOE~, MERI (Alternate) ExEOtJTIVE E N o I N E E n Public Works Department, Government of Uttar (RESEARCH ) Pradesh, Lucknow SH~I M. K. GTJPTA Himalayan Tiles and Marble Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. D. PATEAK ( Alternate ) Da IQBAL ALI Engineering Research Laboratory, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SHRI A. B. LIN~AM ( Alternate ) SHRI D. G. KADKADE $ he Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. B. DESAI ( Alternate ) ( Continued on fiage 2) @ Copyright 1974 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publicarron is protected under the Indian Copyright Act, ( XIV of, 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permuston of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 4348- 1973 ( Continued from page 1) Members Rspssanting SHRI T. R. MEEANDRU Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI MOEINDERJIT SINQH Messrs Stonco, Delhi SHRI S. R. NAIR Directorate General Border Roads, New Delhi SERI PBEM SWARUP Department of Geology & Mining, Government of Uttar Pradesh SHRI A. K. AQARWAL ( Altsraate ) SERI S. N. RAMAXATEA~ . Directorate General of Mines Safety (Ministry of Lahour & Rehabilitation ), Dhanbad SHRI M. MAEATO ( Altermtc) DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECITOR ( MATERIALS ) ( Altsrnntc ) SHRI M. L. SETIII Department of Geology and Mining, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur SERI Y. N. DAVE ( Alternuts ) DR B. N. SINEA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta S~JPERII~TE~DINQ EN a I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Madhya C$T;;L PXOJECT (C) Pradesh, Bhopal t5 Ex~ouTrvE ENQINE EB ( DJ~JIQN~) ( Af&mUh ) SUPERINTENDIHQ E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Mysore, ( DESIQNS ) Bangalore SUPWIXTENDINQ E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Tamil ( DE~IQNS & MARINE WORXS) Nadu , Madras DEPUTY Caxnv ENQINEER (I&D) (Afraats) SUPERINTENDINQ E N Q I N E E R Public Works De artment, Government of Andhra ( DEIXQN & PLANNINO-) Pradesh, Hy 1 erabad SVPERINTENDINO E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of West ( PLANNINQ CIRCLE ) Bengal, Calcutta SVPERINTENDINQ E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Assam, ( R & B ), GAUHATI CIRCLE Gauhati SIJPERINT~XUDINQS URVEYOR OP Public Works Department, Government of Himachal WORKS. __ Pradesh, Simla ___ SHRI M.Y. YOQI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch ( Ministry of Defence ) SERI K. N. SU~HA RAO ( Alternate) SERI D. AJITEA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o&cio Mtmbsr) Director ( Civ Engg ) SHRI K. M. MATHUR Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI 218:4348-1973 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES ( First Revision) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 12 October 1973, after the draft finalized by the Stones Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Permeability of stone is of particular importance in structures which are intended to retain water or which are subjected to the action of high water pressure. Besides functional considerations, permeability is also intimately related to the durability of stone, specially its resistance against progressive deterioration under exposure to severe climate, and leaching t due to prolonged seepage of water. The determination of the permeability characteristics of stone, therefore, assumes considerable importance. This standard was published in 1967. The revision has been prepared with a view to reviewing its provision in regard to pressure to which the permeability is to be tested, besides making it up-to-date. 0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the method for determining the permeability of natural building stones. 2. SELECTION OF SAMPLE 2.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration. R&a for roundingo if nun-.ericalv alues ( revised). 3ISr4348- 1913 2.2 The sample shall be selected by the purchaser or his authorized representative from the quarried stone or taken from the natural rock, as described in 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation of the requisite number of test pieces. 2.2.1 Stones from Ledges or Quarries -The ledge or quarry face of the stone shall be inspected to determine any variation in different strata. Differences in colour, texture and structure shall be observed. Separate samples of stone weighing at least 25 kg each of the specimens shall be obtained from all strata that appear to vary in colour, texture and structure. Pieces that have been damaged by blasting, driving wedges, heating, etc, shall not be included in the sample. 2.2.2 Field Stone and Boulders-A detailed inspection of the stone and boulders over the area where the supply is to be obtained shall be made. The different kinds of stone and their condition at various quarry sites shall be recorded. Separate samples for e&h class of stone that would be considered for use in construction as indicated by visual inspection shall be selected. 2.3 When perceptible variations occur in the quality of rock, the purchaser shall select as many samples as are necessary for determining the range in properties. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Permeability Cell-The permeability cell shall consist of a metal cylinder with a ledge at the bottom for retaining the specimen, a flange at the top, a removable cover plate and a sheet metal funnel which can be securely bolted to the cell. Gunmetal or other suitable corrosion r.esistant metal shall be used for fabrication of the cell and cover platy which shall be designed to safely withstand the maximum test pressure. A rubber or neoprene O-ring or other suitable gasket, seated in matching grooves, shall be used between the cell and the cover plate to render the joint water-tight. Typical details of the permeability cell together with pertinent dimensions for use with test specimens of 100 mm diameter are shown in Fig. 1. 3.2 Water Reservoir-A suitable reservoir may consist of a length of metal pipe, 50 to 100 mm in diameter and about 500 mm long. The reservoir shall be fitted with a graduated side arm gauge-glass, and the necessary fittings and valves for admitting water and compressed air and for draining, bleeding and connection to the permeability cell, as shown in Fig. 2. NOTE - The choice of reservoir dimensions is necessarily a matter of compromise between the accuracy with which the water entering the specimen can be meastired and the adequacy of the capacity. The ideal combination would be the smallest diameter and sufficient length to provide a capacity for at least 24 hours of continuous operatiort. Lengths greater than about 500 mm may be difficult to handle. - 4lsc4348-1973 THREADED NIPPLE FOR CONNECTING TO DRAIN COCK /TO WATER ‘RESERVOIR PLAN v--v& I COVER PLATE WITH 7 . / / SLOPING BOTTOM SPECIMEN CELL CLAMPING RING ET METAL FUNNEL SECTION XX All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 1 PERMEABILITYC ELL 3.3 Pressure Lines -Heavy duty armoured rubber hose or suitable metal tubing or any other equally suitable hose or pipe shall be used for the various high pressure connections. All joints shall be properly made to render them leakproof. 4. ACCESSORIES 4.1 Supply of Compressed Air- Suitable arrangements shall be made for supplying compressed air at the relevant pressure (see 6) to the permeability cell assemblies. Compressed air cylinders or alternatively a compressor of adequate capacity may be used. Suitable and sensitive regulating valves for holding the pressure within f 2 percent range of the pressure set at initially on the setup and the companion pressure gauge of nearly same sensitivity shall be provided. Several cells at different operating pressures may be served by a common source as shown in Fig. 2. 5COMPRESSED AIR - d a AIR BLEEDER VALVE PRESSURE REGULATOR AND GAUGE TO OTHER CELL WATER INLET -) GRADUATED GAUGE GLASS (WITH SAFETY SHIELD) WATER RESERVOIR SHUT-OFF VALVE PERMEABILITY CELL TO COLLECTION BOTTLE FIG. 2 ARRANGEMENT FOR CONDUCTING PERMEABILITY TESTIS:434s-1973 4.2 Supply of De-aired Water- An adequate supply of clean de-aired water shall bs available for use in the permeability tests. Water may be easily de-aired for this purpose by boiling and cooling. be-aired water may be stored in closed containers, which should, as far as possible, be kept full. Unnecessary agitations and contact with air shall be avoided. 5. TEST SPECIMENS 5.1 Size of Specimens-The specimens shall be cylindrical in shape 100 mm long and 100 mm in diameter. Three test specimens shallconsti- tule a set. 5.2 The specimens shall be cut from the samples with core drills or in any other way which will not induce incipient fracture, but shall not be chipped or broken off with a hammer. After cutting, the ends of the specimens shall be ground plane with water and carborunder or emery, on a cast iron lap until the cylinders are of the size mentioned in 5.1. The specimen shall be cut with the axis at right angles to the planes of strati- tication . Wherever possible, polishing of drilled cores should be done by electrical polishing machines for efficient and quick polishing. 5.3 The ends of the cylinders shall be plane surfaces at right angles to the axis of the cylinder. 6. PRESSURE HEAD 6.1 The standard test pressure head to be applied to the water in the reservoir should be 1’1 times the hydraulic head to which the stones under test will be actually subjected. 7. PROCEDURE 7.1 Calibrating the Reservoir- Each reservoir shall be calibrated under 1’10 times the actual pressure to 0’9 times the actual pressure. 7.1.1 With the reservoir drain-cock and the shut-off valve between the reservoir and the cell closed, and with the air bleeder valve shut, the reservoir shall be filled with water. The reservoir drain-cock shall then be opened to flush out any air and closed again. The reservoir shall be refilled to a point above the zero mark of the gauge-glass scale; the bleeder valve shall be closed and the desired air pressure applied. The drain-cock shall be carefully opened to bring the water to the zero mark and quickly closed. Water shall then be drawn off and caught in 250 ml increments in a graduated jar and the level in the gauge-glass read on the scale. The calibration constant for the reservoir shall’be expressed in millilitres per division of the scale. 7ISt43al-1973 7.2 Sealing the Specimen -The specimen shall be surface-dried and the dimensions measured to the nearest 0’5 mm. It shall then be centred in the cell, with the lower end resting on the ledge. .The annullar space between the specimen and the cell shall be tightly caulked to a depth of about 10 mm using a cotton or hemp cord soaked in a suitable molten sealing compound. The rest of the space shall be carefully filled with the molten sealing compound, level with the top of the s ‘ecimen. Any drop in the level due to cooling shall be made up, using a fl eated rod to remelt the solidified compound before pourin fresh material over it. A mixture of 3 parts of resin and 5 parts of para ffi n wax by mass is one which may be used for effective seal. 7.3 Testing the Seal - It is essential that the seal is watertight, This may be checked very conveniently by bolting on the top cover plate, inverting the cell and applying an air pressure of 1 to 2 kgfbm’ from below. A little water poured on the exposed face of the specimen ir used to detect any leaks through the seal which would show up aa bubbles along the ledge. In case of leaks the specimen shalL be taken out tid resealed. 7.4 Assembling the Apparatus-After a ratirfactoty teal har been obtained, the funnel shall be secured in position and the cell asrembly connected to the water reservoir, as illustrated in Fig. 2. With the air-bleeder valve, the valve between the reservoir and the cell, and the drain-cock in the cell open, de-aired water shall be allowed to enter the reservoir. When water issues freely through the drain-cock, it shall be closed and the water reservoir filled. The reservoir water inlet and air bleeder valves shall then be closed. 7.5 Running the Test-With the system completely filled with water, the desired test pressure (see 6) shalI be applied to the water reservoir and the initial reading of the gauge-glass recorded. At the same time a clean collection bottle shall be weighed and placed in position to collect the water percolating through the specimen. The quantity of percolate and the gauge-glass readings shall be recorded at periodic intervals. In the beginning, the rate of intake is larger than the rate of outflow. As the point of steady state of flow is reached, the two rates tend to become equal and the outflow reaches a maximum and stabilizes. With further passage of time, both the inflow and outflow generally register a gradual _ drop. Permeability test shall be continued for about 100 hours after the steady state of flow has been reached and the outflow shall be considered as average of all the outflows measured during this period of 100 hours. NOTE- The steady state of flow is defined as the condition in which the rate8 of inflow and outflow of water are equal. The point of qteady state is defined a& the time at which thir condition is first reached. For getting a pood perfect seal, preheating of the cylinder at low temperature of 30-3S°C for 24 to 30 hours ia recommended before test specimen is centred. 8 _7.6 Test Temperature-The test shall preferably be carried out at a temperature of 27 f 3°C. 7.7 Precautions-There are several precautions which shall be observed, before any dependable estimate of permeability can be obtained from the test data, of these the most important are as follows: 4 The seal around the specimen shall be effective. Leakage through it can give rise to entirely misleading results. Obtaining a good seal is a matter of experience and only a general guidance can be provided. b) It is important that the air content of the water entering the specimen should not exceed about 0’2 percent. Excessive amounts of dissolved air can result in air locks in the specimen and apparent reduction in permeability. Periodical samples shall be drawn from the cell drain-cock and the dissolved air determined. The system shall be drained and replenished with fresh de-aired water, as soon as the air content- exceeds the above limit. 4 The flow should be permitted to attain the steady state before the coefficient of permeability is calculated. Examination of the inflow and outflow rate data or suitable graphs of the same may be used to determine the establishment of the steady state. 4 The observation of outflow from the specimen is liable to be influenced by evaporation of the percolate during collection. The collection bottle may be housed in a humid chamber, or alter natively, blank observations on a similar bottle containing water should be made and the necessary correction for evaporation loss applied. The inflow measurement provides an additional check. a CALCULATION al The quantity percolating in the steady period indicates an equili- brium state. Computation of coefficient of permeability shall be based on this rate. . 8.2 The coefficient of permeability shall be calculated from the following formula: where XI coetIicient of permeability in cm/set; Q-quantity of water in millilitres percolating over the entire period of test after the steady state has been reached; 9lst4348-1973 s A = area of the specimen face in ems; 7 = time in seconds over which Qis measured; and H = ratio of the pressure head to thickness of specimen, both L expressed in the same units. 9. REPORT 9.1 The following information shall be included in the report on each specimen: a) Identification mark of the specimen, b) Duration of test, c) Size of specimen, d) Test pressure, e) Test temperature, f) Coefficient of permeability at test temperature, g) Corrected coefficient of permeability at standard temperature, and h) Whether permeability increased or decreased with time and at what rate. 10BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquerters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 T-ones:331 01 31,331 1375 T&sgrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices 1 Regional Offices : Telephone Western ; Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol. Andheri ( East 1. 632.92 95 BOMBAY 400093 tEastern : l/14 C.I.T. SchemeVII M,V. I. P.Road. 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C 21843 CHANDIGARH 160036 { 31641 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 24 42 I 41 25 19 141 29 IS Branch Offices : Pushpak,’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 63 48 AHMADABAD 380001 { 2 63 &3 ‘F’ Block, Unity Bldg, Narasimharaja Square, 22 48 OS BANGALORE 560002 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 6 27 16 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road. - 5th Byelane. GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg. (Nampally Station Road), 22 1083 HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 634 71 { 6 98 32 117/418B Sarvodaya Nagar. KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 { 21 82 91 Patliputra Industrial Estate. PATNA 800013% 6 23 05 Hantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor ), Rly Stati’on Road, 52 27 TRIVANDRUM 695001 lnspecfion Office ( With 5ale Point ): Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 410005 ‘Sales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers. Grant Road, 89 85 28 Bombay 400007 tSales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princop 278800 Street, Calcutta 700072 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
15266.pdf	IS 15266:2003 VRd)vmm m-h Rwiu[ 3?RwqjAJ F$FTsgkill< ~“Gm--a-d * 3Tma-mRf&iFdt dda-qTHmThTammimm . Indian Standard I c SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE STRUCTURES — HEATED J GLASS PANES FOR SHIPS’ RECTANGULAR WINDOWS / ICS 47.020.90,81.040.30 0 BIS2003 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 .January 2003 Price Group 6Shipbuilding Sectional Committee, TED 17 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Shipbuilding Sectional Committee had been approved bytbe Transport Engineering Division Council. t-[ea(cdglasspanesareusedonshipsprincipally forthewindowsofwheel-houses andbridges, andalsoinenclosed Iocationsusedforlook-out andmanoeuvring purposes. Inordertoachieveharmony withtheinternational practices this standard is based on 1S0 3434:1992 ‘Shipbuilding and marine structure—Heated glass panes for ships’ rectangular windows’ published bythe International Organization for Standardization (1S0). Annex A and Annex Bform an integral part ofthis standard. Annex Cofthis standard isfor information only. The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation ofthisstandard isgiven inAnnex D. For tile purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard iscomplied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rules {orrounding off numerical values (revi.w~’. The number of significant places retained iuthe t-outldedoffvalue should bethe same asthat ofthe specified value inthisstandard.IS 15266:2003 Indian Standard SHIPBUILDING AND MARINE STRUCTURES — HEATED GLASS PANES FOR SHIPS’ RECTANGULAR WINDOWS 1SCOPE ship, heated glass panes shall comply with the optical requirements given in3.2 and 3.3. 1.I This Indian Standard specifies construction characteristics, optical qualities and heating circuit, All the optical requirements shall apply whether the dimensions for interchangeability (outer dimensions temperature controlgear iscyclicorwhether theheated and glassthickness), tests, marking anddesignation of glass pane isequipped with a temperature-regulating l~eatedglass panes for ships’ rectangular windows. device (for example, athermostat). 1.2 ‘IIisstandard specifies heated glass panes which However, theseoptical qualities arenotrequired atthe are intended for useattemperatures downto—40°C.It periphery oftheglass pane within aband 50mm wide includes the conditions with wh)ch they are required measured from the edge ofthe window frame. tocomply toensure thesafetyofshipsintimesoffrost 3.2 Visibility or snow, particularly during manoeuvres inport. Heatedglasspanes shallensure perfect visibility in-all 2 REFERENCES weathers, avoiding the formation of mist or frost, in The following standards contain provisions which relationtothepower loading (seeTable 5).They shall, in addition, ensure maximum efficiency of the through reference inthis text, constitute provisions of windscreenwiperswhenoperating inconditions offrost this standard. At the time of publication, the editions orsnow.They shallnotcauseanysignificant reduction indicated were valid. All standards are subject to intheresolving power oftheeyeorofbinoculars when revision, and parties to agreements based on this adistantobjectisobserved atnormal incidencethrough standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility the glass. of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated ~elow: Tinted glass shall not beused. [.SNo. Title When discrepancies of interpretation about visibility arise, they are subject to agreement between the 196:1966 Atmospheric conditions for testing purchaser andthe manufacturer. (t-eviseao 3.3 Deterioration in Colour 6640:1972 Specification for toughened safety glasses for ships’ windows Heated glass panes shall not cause any marked deterioration in perception of colour, in particular of 8886(Part I) : Specification for ships’ ordinary beacons and lights on buoys. 107X rectangular windows: Part 1 Types and dimensions When discrepancies of interpretation about deterioration in colour arise, they are subject to 8886(Part 3) : Specification for ships’ ordinary agreementbetweenthepurchaser andthemanufacturer. 1979 rectangular windows: Part 3 Positioning 4CONSTRUCTION OF GLASS PANE I0242(Part I/ Electrical installation in ships: 4.1 General Secl) :1997 Part 1General, Section 1Definitions and general, requirements ~irst A complete mountable heated glass pane that meets revision) the requirements ofthis Standard isacomponent unit, consisting of a laminated glass pane and a firmly 12063:1987 Classification of degrees of mounted device forthe electrical connection. protection provided byenclosuresof electrical equipment 4.2 Composition, Types and Materials 3 OPTICAL REQUIREMENTS The composition of the laminated glass pane shall be asshown inFigure 1andTable 1. 3.1 General Adistinction ismade between Type A,with two glass When fixed inawindow which isinstalled onboard a panes, and Type B,with three glass panes. I ,. .IS 15266:2003 1 1 4 TypeA,with twoglass panes TypeB,withthree glasspanes FIG. I CROSS-SECTIONOFHEATEDGLASSPANES(NOTTOSCALE) Table 1 Components of Heated Glass Pane 4.2.4 Inter-Layer (Clause 4.2) The inter-layer consists ofathin plastic material (foil) ofO.76mm minimum thickness. ComponentNo. Term (.secFig,I) 4.3 Protection of Edges (I) (2) In order to avoid any penetration of humidity or any I Carrierpane otherformofchemical attackbetweenthelayersofthe 2 Coverpane laminate, and to protect the edges against impact as 3 Heatingelement well as to ensure durable electrical insulation, the 4 Inter-layer periphery of the glass pane shall be protected by materials, such as silicone, rubber, polysulphides or 4.2.1 Currier Pane similar, compatible withtheplastics inter-layers ofthe laminate. The carrier pane shall be manufactured from clear This edge protection shall be bonded to the edge and toughened safety glass inaccordance with IS6640. It notthicker than 3mm (see Fig.2). shallhavetheglasspanethickness specified inIS6640 with regard to the location of the rectangular window 4.4 Dimensions inthe ship asspecified inIS 8886 (Part 3). 4.4.1 Main Dimensions and Thicknesses The Imaximumallowable pressure of the carrier pane Themaindimensions ofaheatedglasspaneshallbeas shall be in accordance with Annex A or Annex B as shown inFig.3,andgiven inTables 2and 3. appropriate. The dimensions w,h, r and ti shown in Fig. 3 are in 4.2.2 Cover Pane accordance with IS 6640. For the carrier pane using thickness glass panes in accordance with IS 6640 tI, Thecover panecarries orprotects theheating element. shallbeused. Itisthinnerthan thecarrier pane. Thematerial shallbe NOTES clear toughened or semi-toughened safety glass. I ThicknessIIisthedesignatingthicknessforheatedglass panes. 4.2.3 Heating Element 2 Thewindowsnominalsizesareclearlightdimensionsof windows.ThesizesaregiveninaccordancewithTable2ofIS Theheatingelementconsistsofathinwire,atransparent 8886(Part1).Othersizesnotlistedmaybeagreedtobetween conductive fiIrnor atransparent conductive coating. thepartiesconcerned. 2IS 15266:2003 FIG.2 PROTECTIONOFEDGES tz tt / 4 L-1 Iv I-J---J ft =nominal thickness ofcarrier glass pane fZ=nominal thickness of coverglass pane FIG. 3 DIMENSIONSOFHEATEDGLASS PANE 3IS 15266:2003 Table 2 Outer Dimensions (Clause 4.4.1) Alldimensionisnmillimetres. Window w h r ~ M,- in A M-a\ x c Ah A Max-. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1 300x425 314 318 439 443 58 2 355x500 36?r 373 514 518 58 3 400X560 414 418 574 578 58 4 450x630 464 468 644 648 108 5 500x710 514 518 724 728 108 6 560x800 574 578 814 818 108 7 900x630 914 918 644 648 108 8 I000x710 1014 I018 724 728 108 9 1100X800 1114 1118 814 818 108 I)Clearlightdimensionofwindow. Table 3 Thicknesses of Glass Pane (Clause 4.4.1) Alldimensionsinmillimetres. Window Thickness} J TypeA3J 13 15 17 20 24 t, TypeB’) 18 20 22 25 29 CodeNo. NominalSizez) t,d) 8 10 12 15 19 12 4 4 4 4 4 I 300X425 x x 2 355x500 x x 3 400x560 x x 4 450X630 x x 5 5OOX71O x x 6 560x800 x x 7 900X630 x x 8 1000 X710 x x 9 1100 X800 x j]StandardizedsizesaremarkedwithX. Z)Clem light dimensionofwindow. ‘1SeeFig.1. +.YeeNote1in4.4.1. 4IS 15266:2003 4.4.2 Tolerances on Thicknesses 5 HEATING CIRCUIT Tolerances on thicknesses of heated glass panes shall 5.1 Power Loading beasgiven inTable 4. The power loading given in Table 5 is specified for devices used for de-misting and de-frosting of glass at Table 4 Tolerances on Thicknesses a medium wind velocity and a standard atmosphere All dimensionsinmillimetres. 27°Cwith 65percent relative humidity as specified in 8 IS 196,inwaters situated outside the polar region. Thickness Tolerance Higherpowerloadingisrequiredfornavigation inpolar I I regions;insuchcases,themanufacturers ofheatedglass Total,13 I 1.5 I panes shali beconsulted. l=’ Table 5 Power Loading +0.3 (hrier pane, 10 Inaccordance Power Loading, W/dm2 Outdoor Temperature /, 12 with1S6640 ~ 15 +().5 (1) (2) (3) 7 9 downto– 12“C 19 +1.0 12 15 down to-28 “C 17 21 down to-40 “C 5.2 Electrical Supply 4.5 Parallelism The feed circuit of the heating for glass pane shall correspond with the supply voltage for continuous Thetolerance cmparallelism between thetwosurfaces operation onboard shipsaccording toIS 10242(Partl/ ot’theglasspaneshallnotexceed 1mm/1 000mm(see Secl). Voltages ind.c. ora.c.may beused. For power Fig.4.j. - supply identification systems, see Table 6. 4.6 Flatness 5.3 Electrical Connections Thetolerance onflatness shallnotexceed 3mm/1 000 Moisture-proof connection boxes, with a degree of mm (see Fig. 5). protectionofatleast1P22inaccordance with IS 12063, I t w- !2 I 1= 1000 I FIG.4 PARALLELISM I * 1 I 1- 1000 FIG.5 FLATNESS 5.- — 1 IS 15266:2003 shall be installed between the heating circuit and the appropriately. Relevantinformation ontype and feed circuit. These boxes shall be bonded to the inner number oftheseregulation devices isnecessary side ofthe heated glass pane. atthetime of ordering. All necessary precautions shall be taken concerning 6 TESTS protection against electrical shock, insulation and Tests shall be carried out by the glass pane earthing of the installation. For requirements, see manufacturer. IS 10242(Partl/Sec 1). 6.1 Electrical Tests If inspecial cases the connection box isto beinstalled on the glassholder or main frame of the window, this A voltage test shall be carried out on each complete shall be especially agreed between the purchaser and heated glass pane. The test voltage shall be an a.c. themanufacturer. Insuchcases,theglasspanewillneed voltage of 1000 Vplustwice the rated voltage, with a to be equipped with suitable cables. minimum of 1500 V.Thetestfrequency shallbe25to 100Hz. Table 6 Power Supply Identification System Clause 5.2 The test duration shall be 1rein, and shall cover the electrical circuit from the connection for the heating i 1 1 I areatothe edge ofthe glass pane. supply Voltage Frequency Identification v Hz No. 6.2 Mechanical Tests I 24 1-1o11 Thecarrierpaneoftheheatedglasspaneshallbetested (l.c. 110 — 02 inaccordance with IS6640. I 1 r 220 — 03 6.3 Immersion in Water Tests , 1 I 50 11 Theheatedglasspaneshallbesubjectedtothefollowing 115 xc 60 12 immersion inwatertestssubjecttoagreement between single- the purchaser andthe manufacturer: phase 50 13 220 a) Insulation between sensing elements andoneof 60 14 theheater terminals; b) Insulation between immersed electrodes and common terminal of sensing element; and c) Insulationbetween immersedelectrodes andone 220 a.c, ofthe heater terminals. 60 34 threc- phaw 50 35 6.4 Test Certification 220/380 60 36 The tests in 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 shall be duly certified I (amodel testcertificate isgiven inAnnex C). 50 37 440 60 38 7 MARKING 7.1 Heated glass panes, which meet the requirements 5.4 Overheating Protection ofthisstandard, shallbemarked with asingle inverted When the temperature of aglass pane surface reaches equilateral triangle inaccordance with IS6640. +4OOC (about Iuke-warm), the glass pane has to be Inaddition, the following indications shall be added: switched off. For this purpose, heated glass panes are equipped with temperature-limitation devices a) Within the Triangk---the totalnominalthickness (regulators). Two types of such regulators are tl ofthe heated glasspane, inmillimetres; specified: b) Above the Triangle—the power loading per a) Single Regulation (S) :—The regulator (for square decimetre; example, a temperature sensor) is mounted c) The Left Side—thevoltageandtheidentification directly on the glass pane (interior-side). It numbev and affects only the relevant glass pane and ispart of original equipment. d) The Right Side—type of glass pane, Type A or Type B. b) Group Regulation (G):—A separate regulation device, not mounted directly atthe window, to The marking shall be readable from the interior and which several glass panes are connected shallbesituated inabottom corner ofthe glass pane.IS 15266:2003 Example 7.2 BIS Certification Marking Aglass pane of type A (two laminated panes) with a The heated glass pane may also be marked with the totalthickness t~= 17mm,apower loading of7W/dm2 Standard Mark. to 9 W/dm2, and electrical supply of 220 V, 50 Hz, single-phase(identification number 13)shallbemarked 7.2.1 TheuseoftheStandard Markisgoverned bythe as follows: provisionsof theBureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details ofconditions under which aIicenceforthe use oftheStandardMarkmaybegrantedtomanufacturers or producers, may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. 8 DESIGNATION Forreferenceandorderingpurposes,heatedglasspanes conforming to this Standard shall be designated by indicatingthe following elements inthe order given: a) denomination (abbreviated): glasspane; b) number ofthis standard IS; FIG. 6 c) type ofglasscomposition: Aor B(see4.2); d) number ofwindow size,asspecified inTable 2; e) thickness tl of carrier pane, as specified in Example Table 3; f) minimum power loading,inw/dm2,asspecified A glass pane of type B(three laminated panes) with a inTable 5; total thickness ts= 22 mm, a power loading for two g) overheating protection device: code-letter S or heating elements of 12to 15 W/dm2,and electrical G;and supply of 440V, 60 Hz, three-phase (identification number 38) shall bemarked as follows: h) currentratinggivenbytheidentification number asspecified inTable 6. Example Aheated glasspane, which meetsthe requirements of 2x12-15W thisStandard, composed oftwo glasspanes (Type A), for window code No. 6 (nominal size 560 mm x 800 mm),withacarrier paneofglassthickness tl= 15mm, s 22 * $0 minimum power loading 12 W/dm2 (12W), with L overheating protectiondeviceforsingle-regulation (S’), # ‘d for a.c. single phase supply, voltage 220V with a t9 k frequencyof60Hz(identificationNo. 14),isdesignated v asfollows: FIG. 7 Glasspane IS 15266,A6 x 15–12WS–14,IS 15266:2003 ANNEX A (Foreword and Clause 4.2.1) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE FOR RECTANGULAR WINDOWS WITH STANDARDIZED DIMENSIONS A-1 The maximum allowable pressure p to this standard may be subjected is given in which rectangular windows in accordance with Table 7. Table 7 Maximum Allowable Pressure Type No. RectangularWindow MaximumAllowablePressure NominalSize GlassThickness mmxmm mm kPa I 300X425 10 99 2 355x500 10 71 E 3 400X56Il 12 80 4 450X630 12 63 IIwwy 5 500X710 15 80 6 560X800 15 64 7 900X630 19 81 8 1000X7IO 19 64 I 300X425 8 63 2 355x500 8 45 3 400X560 8 36 F 4 450X630 8 28 Light 5 500x710 10 36 6 560X800 10 28 7 900X630 12 32 8 1000X7IO 12 25 9 I 100X800 15 31 ANNEX B (Foreword, and Clause 4.2.1) MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE PRESSURE FOR RECTANGULAR WINDOWS WITH l DEVIATING DIMENS1ONS B-1 For rectangular windows with non-standardized where dimensions, the maximum allowable pressure, p, in ~ = is the nominal thickness of the glass pane, in kilopmcals, shall be determined using the following millimetres; equation: ~. isthe factor obiained from the graph in Fig. 8; 40 Ooof and p. b= is the minor dimension of the window, in j3b2 millimetres. 8 .+-....9 0 0 JLvd 0 0 0 0 0 m F- q m. 3 m w u0 ‘x C2 0 z VI pj u IS 15266:2003 1 ~-—.,IS 15266:2003 ANNEX C(Inforrnative) (Foreword and Clause 6.4) MODEL TEST CERTIFICATE FORMAT Manufacturer Electrically Heated Inspection Date Name Bridge Windows TEST CERTIFICATE Customer: Agent: Contract number: Order number: Drawing number: Date of manufacture: Standard: IS 15266 Specification; Laminated semi-toughened glass Specified Actual Mechanical Size of Window Thickness Corner radius Number of panes Electrical Voltage Loading Size of heated area Resistance of sensing elements at20”C Resistance of heating element Insulation between heating and sensing elements Immersion in Water Insulation between sensing elements and one of the heater terminals insulation between immersed electrode and common terminal of sensing element Insulation between immersed electrode and one of the heater terminals Optical Tests Freedom from scratches Clear undistorted vision Plastics film defects OBSERVATIONS: 10IS 15266:2003 ANNEX D ( Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Shipbuilding SectionalCommittee,TED 17 Organization Representative(s) Shipping Corporation ofIndi~ Mumbai SHR[K.K.p.mrr(Chairman) sHRr B.N.ADVAN[ (Aherr?ate1) SHRIN. K. CHUGH(Ahernate II) American Bureau ofShipping, Mumbai SHRIMADANLALKOCHAR SHR[R. C. BAVNANt(Ahernate) A[3BIndia Ltd. Kolkata SHRIG. SmHA SHRIS. K. HALDER(Alternate) Chowgule Steamships Ltd, Mumbai SrrruS.C.PAKRASHi CcrchinShipyard Ltd,Cochin SHRrJOSEPHISAAC Directorate General ofNaval Designs, New Delhi CMDEM. K. B’ADHWAR CMDEM. JITENDRAN(Alternate 1) .- SHRIS. SREEKUMAR(Alternate II) Directorate General of Quaiity Assurance, Ministry of CMDEB. C. BAKSHI Defence, New Delhi SHRISATSNDEMROHAN(Alternate) Directorate General ofStripping, Mumbai SHR]A.CHATrERJEE Directorate General of Standardization, Ministry of SHRISATmDERMOHAN Defence, New Delhi SHR[P.CHrTNts(Akernate) Directorate General of Technical Development, SHRI‘S. K. BHAm#. New Delhi SHRIK. K. TIWARI(Alternate) Garden Reach Shipbuilders &Engineers Ltd,Kolkata SHRIS.N. BASSI SHRIS. K. BOSE(Alternate) Goa Shipyard Ltd, Goa SHRIR. SmGH Iiindustan Shipyard Ltd, Visakhapatnam SHRrV.P.KUMAR Indian Register ofShipping, Mumbai SHRIJ.DASGUPTA SHRID. G. SARANODHAR(Alternate) Indian Shipbuilders Association, New Delhi SrrRr K.K.J.Am SHRJR. CHOUDHARY(Alternate) Institution ofNaval Architects, Mumbai SHRIVENKATESHVARKHEDI SHR]K. MURTHY(Alternate) Kolkata PortTrust, Kolkata SHRIsum CHAKRAVARTY SHRiS.CHAKRAVARTY(Alternate) Lloyd’s Register ofShipping, Murnbai SHRIT. K. MITRA SHRIS.C. SABHARWAL(Alternate I) SHRIJ.D. GROVER(Alternate 11) Mazagon Dock Ltd, Mumbai CAPTS.K.MURTHY SHRIG. I.MUKADAM Ministry ofSurface Transport (SBR), New Delhi SHRIR. K. SEN National Ship Design andResearch Centre,Visakhapatnarn DIRECTORNSDRC SHRIN. V. RAO (Alternate) Oil&Natural GasCommission, Debra Dun Sr-rruR. S, FUHATE Small Shipyards Association, Mumbai SHRtJAYWANTY. CHOWGULE The Institute ofMarine Engineers (India), Mumbai SHRIY. N. INAMDAR The IndianNational Shipowners Association, Mumbai SHRIY. NATH BISDirectorate General SHRiA. R. GULATI,Director&Head(TED) [Representing Director General (Ex-oflcio)] Member Secretary SHRIM. M. BANSAL JointDirector (TED),BIS 11Bureau oflndian Stimdards BISisastatuto~ institution establisl~ed under the Bureau oJIndian Standards Act, 1986 topromote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the countq. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission inwriting ofBIS.This doesnotpreclude thefreeuse,inthe courseofimplementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of lndian Standards Amendments are issued to standards asthe need arises onthe basis ofcomments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments isretilrmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; ifthe review indicates that changes are needed, it istaken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards ascertain that they are inpossession ofthe latest amendments oredition byreferring tothe latest issue of ShOLL]d ‘BISCatalogue’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. TED 17(243). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date ofIssue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ,... Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NewDelhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 3230131,3233375, 3239402 (Common to all oftlces) Regional OffIces: Telephone Ceatml : Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur ShahZafar Marg 3237617,3233841 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : 1/14C.I.T. Scheme VIIM,V.I.P. Road,Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 KOLKATA 700054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV CrossRoad, CHENNAI 600113 2541216,2541442 {2542519,2541315 Western : Manakalaya, E9MIDC,Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 { 8327891,8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL.BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printedat Simco Printing Press, Delhi ... -.. ....
11389.pdf	IS:11389 - 1985 Indian Standard _,’ METHOD FOR TESTING PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE VIBRATORS, IMMERSION TYPE Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee, BDC 28 MAJ-GEN J. S. SOIN C-24, Green Park Extension, New Delhi Members Representing SHRI R. P. CHOPRA National Projects Construction Corporation Limited. New Delhi SHRI 0. S. GUPTA ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER Punjab Irrigation and Power Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh DIRECTOR ( PLANT DESIGNS ) ( Alternare ) CHIEFENGINEER ( ELEC I ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDINGE NGINEER, DELHI CENTRAL ELECTRICALC IRCLE ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR( P & M ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR( P & M ) ( Alternare ) DR A. K. MULLICK National Council for Cement and Building Material, New Delhi SHRI RATAN LAL ( Alternate ) DR K. APRAMEYAN Bharat Earth Movers Limited, Bangalore SHRI K. S. PADMANABHAN( Alternate ) DR M. P. DHIR Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PHULL ( Alternate ) DR A. K. RAY Jessop and Company, Calcutta SHRI A. K. MUKE~ERIEE( ’ Afternate ) SHRI D. M. GUPTA U.P. State Bridge Corporatio?, Lucknow SHRI V. GULATI Heat$e,;lnd Gresham ( India ) Ltmited, New SHRI S. A. MENEZES ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR ( WORKS ) Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) JOINT DIRECTOR ( CIV ENGG ) ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) @ Copyright 1986 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under >he said Act.IS:11389 - 1985 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Rejvesentfng SHRI Y. R. KALRA Bhakra Beas Management Board, Chandigarh SHRI M. L. AGGARWAL ( Alternate ) MAJ-GEN P. N. KAPOOR Research and Development Organization ( Ministry of Defence ), New Delhi SHRI S. N. SIDHANTI ( Alternate ) SHRI J. P. KAUSHISH CenffabrfEIding Research Institute ( CSIR ), 0 SHRI S. S. WADHWA ( Alternate 1 SHRI S. Y. KHAN Kiilick Nixon and Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. MEHRA ( Alternate ) SHRI V. K. KHANNA International Engineering and Construction Company, Calcutta SHRI S. K. KELAVKAR Marshall Sons and Company Manufacturing Limited, Madras SHRI B. V. K. ACHAR ( Alternate ) SHRI M. E. MADHUSLJDAN Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI K. L. NANGIA ( Alternate ) BRIG S. S. MALLICK Directorate General Border Roads, New Delhi SHRI L. M. VERMA ( Alternate ) SHRI J. F. RORERT MOSES Sahayak Engineering Private Limited, Hyderabad SHRI M. NAKAINASWAMY Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi SHRI H. S. DUGGAL ( AIternafe ) SHRI S. S. PRAJAPATHY Sayaji Iron and Engineering Company Private Ltd, Vadodara SHKI NAVIN S. SHAH ( Alternate ) SHRI T. H. PESHORI Recondo Limited, Bombay SHRI S. J. BASU ( Alternate ) SHRI T. H. PESHORI Builder’s Association of India, Bombay BHAI TRILOCHAN SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMDAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SHRI I. C. KHANNA ( Alternate ) SHRI R. C. REKHI International Airport Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI H. K. KULSHRESHTHA( Alternate ) MAJ RAVINDRA SHARMA Department of Standardization ( Ministry of Defence ), New Delhi SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI MUHAR SINGH ( Afternate ) SHRI G. V~SWANATHAN Ministry of Shipping and Transport Roads Wing SHRI M. N. SINGH Indian Road Construction Corporation Limited, New Delhi SHRI G. RAMAN,. Directar General, ISI ( Ex-ofisio Memhr ) Director ( CivtI Engg ) Secretary SHRI HEMANT KUMAR Assistant Director ( Cfv Engg ), IS1 ( Continued on page 8 ) Chairman for the meeting. 2IS:11389 - 1985 Indian Standard METHOD FOR TESTING PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE VIBRATORS, IMMERSION TYPE 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 September 198.5, after the draft finalized by the Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 The vibration characteris,tics for concrete vibrators, immersion type are indicated in IS : 25051980* which also recommend the methods for measuring these characteristics. While specifying these vibration characteristics, the Committee had appreciated that even the require- ments in regard to amplitude, frequency and acceleration could considerably vary from case to case and, therefore, the attempt in the specification had been to lay down only the limiting values of the vibration characteristics and the physical dimensions of the vibrators on the basis of available technical literature, experience and the manufac- turing practices in the country. A mere measurement of amplitude, frequency and acceleration of vibration may not yield a firm basis for judging the efficiency of a immersion type concrete vibrator and therefore, a direct measurement of the range of action of vibrating needle and leakage as well as endurance test would give a more convincing and fairer appreciation of its quality. 0.3 In this standard an attempt has been made to arrive at a method of test for measurement of limiting values of the characteristics, such as amplitude, frequency and acceleration, range of action, leakage and endurance tests. 04. For the purpose of decidiog whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, oberved or calculated, expressing the result of a test analysis, shall be rounded off in accor- dance with IS : 2-1960t. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. General requirements for concrete vibrators, immersion type ( second revision ). tRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 3IS : 11389 - 1985 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the method of testing performance of concrete vibrators immersion type, in terms of limiting values of operational characteristics, like, amplitude, frequency and acceleration, range of action and leakage, and endurance tests. 1.2 The requirements of this standard apply mostly to flexible shafts driven and immersion vibrators powered by different types of motors, as well as electrically driver motor-in-head type vibrators up to 90 mm size. Pneumatic motor-in-head type immersion vibrato!-s and flexible shaft driven or motor-in-head type vibrators of size larger than 90 mm are not covered by this standard although some of the provisions of this standard may also apply to these types of vibrators. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 250sa 1980” shall apply. 3. MATERIAL FOR TEST 3.1 For conducting range of action test, the concrete shall be prepsred in accordance with the requirements of IS : 456 - 1978-j’. 4. SIZE 4.1 The size of vibrator shall be denoted by nominal outside diameter of the vibrating needle expressed in millimetres and shall be in accot’~ dance with. 1.5 : 2505-1980. 5. METHOD OF TEST 5.1 Measurement of Frequency and Amplitude of Vibration 5.1.1 The frequency and amplitude shall be determined under no load condition ( operation in air ) by operating the vibrating needle kept horizontally on a piece of sponge rubber or substance of similar softness more th tn 25 mm thick. The flexible shaft shall also be kept horizontal during the operation. 5.1.2 The measurement of frequency shall be carried aut with the help of an electromagnetic vibration pick up or read vibr’.rtor or strabos- cope or tachometer or any other equally suitable instrument, However, tachometer shall not be used with vibrator whose rotation peer minute and frequency are not the same. Gmeral requirements for cadct’ete yibratcm, ictlntefsianty pe ( seco& revision y< $Co& of practice for plain and reinforced curmrete ( thjtird re&&n ji 4IS : 11389- 1985 5.1.3 Average value of the frequency of vibration measured shall conform to 6.1.1 of IS : 2505-1980. 3.2 The amplitude shall be measured by combined set of oscilloscope, atiplittide measuring appxrztus and electromagnetic pickup, or any other equally suitable instrument. &3 At least three measurement, top, middle and bottom, over the length of needle should be taken. The minimum value of amplitude for vibrator under test shall confora to 6.1.2 of IS : 2505 - 1980. 5.4 Measurement of Vibration Acceleration - The acceleration shall be either measured with the help of piezo-electric accelerometer or by combined set of oscilloscope, amplitude measuring apparatus and electromagnetic pickup, or any other suitable apparatus or calculated from the following formula: A = ( 11’18 a R3 10-7 ) g where A = vibration acceleration, a = amplitude of vibration in mm, n measured frequency of vibration in cycles per minute, and g = acceleration due to gravity expressed in m/sec2. 5b4.1 In plactice and in absence of acceleration measuring instruments it is easier to conipute vibration acceleration by substituting the values of amplitude of vibration and frequency of ihe vibrator under test. 6.5 Measurement of Range of Action - The concrete shall be shovelled into a strong right circular cylindrical container of cross-sectional area at least 50 percent greater than the expected area of action of the ‘vibrator and of depth at least 25 percent greater than the length of the vibrating needle. The vibrator shall then be started and when it has attained its full speed, it shall be inserted into the middle ofthe container filled with concrete, so that the working part of the needle is immersed. The area of action shall be observed by operating the needle continuously in this position for not less than two minutes. 5.5J The area of action shall be determined by any of the following Imethods, given under (c) shall be used only if agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier: General requirements for concrete vibrators, iMmets[on type ( secsnd revisr’on )%IS : 11389 - 1985 a) By determining the radius of region beyond which the static pressure is equal to the hydrostatic pressure, the measurement of pressure being done with the help of piezo-electric accelerometer. b) By determining the radius of plane surface of settlement in the vicinity of vibrating needle by observing the contour lines of the concrete surface with the help of photographs. c) By determining the radius of area in which the concrete surface is glossy as indicated by visual observation of a sharply defined plane surface in the immediate neighbourhood of the vibrating needle. 5.5.2 The area of the range of action of the vibrating needle measured in accordance with 5.5, in concrete with maximum nominal size of aggregate not more than 20 mm and of workability 0’74 to 0’82, com- pacting factor shall be not less than 100 times the cross-sectional area of the needle. The cross-sectional area of the needle shall be calculated from its nominal diameter ( see IS : 2505-1980 ). 5.6 Leakage Test - The vibrator shall be operated for one hour in 75 mm slump concrete to determine its ability to operate with the needle submerged and to determine if the needle is completely sealed against the entrance of concrete and water. After one hour of operation, the vibrator needle shall be dis-assembled and examined for presence of concrete or water inside the vibrator head. The presence of either concrete. or water on the inside mechanism shall be the cause for rejection. 5.7 Endurance Test - The vibrator shall be operated continuously for 20 hours with not more than two stoppages of 15 minutes required for change of prime mover in a barrel of crushed stone aggregates, sand and water simulating a concrete mix. The minimum size of the barrel shall be such that the cross-sectional area is at least equal to the range of action, the depth being at least twice the length. The vibrator shall be able to complete this test without any breakdown (see Fig. 1 ). .._ *General requirements for concrete vibrators, immersion type ( second revision ). 6IS: 11389- 1985 pPRIME MOVER I All dimensions in millimetres. A _ barrel containing sand and 15 mm and down rounded aggregate in 1 : 2 ratio in flood of water. B - raised platform for placing the prime mover. FIG.1 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR ENDWRANC~ TssaIS : 11389, -.1 985 ( Continued from page 2 ) Panel for Concrete Vibrators, BDC 28 : P2 Convener Representing SHRI Y. R. PHULL Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi Members SHRI K. C. AGGARWAL Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi SHRI V. K. MATHUR ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( P & M ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( P & M ) ( Alfernate ) SHRI V. GULATI Heatly & Gresham ( India ) Ltd, New Delhi SHRI S. A. MENEZ~S ( Alternate ) SHRI S. Y. KHAN Killick Nixon and Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. K. KHANNA International Engineering Construction Company, Calcutta SHRI J. P. KAUSHISH Centfiadorak$iding Research Institute ( CSIR ), SHRI S. S. WADHWA ( Alternate ) SHRI J. I;. R. MOSES Sahayak Engineering Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI M. NARAINASWAMY Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi MAJ V. V. SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI A. G. PATEL Millars, Bombay SHRI N. B. JOSHI (Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMDAS Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI I. C. KHANNA ( Alternate ) SHRI P. VENKATACHALAM Gammon India Ltd, New Delhi
712.pdf	IS:712-1984 (Reaffirmed2000) Edition 4.1 (1989-01) Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING LIMES (Third Revision) (Incorporating Amendment No.1) UDC 691.51 © BIS 2002 B U R E A UO FI N D I A NS T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group3IS:712-1984 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING LIMES (Third Revision) Building Limes Sectional Committee, BDC 4 Chairman Representing SHRI C. D. THATTE Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara Members RESEARCH OFFICER (GERI) (Alternate to Shri C. D. Thatte) DR S. C. AHLUWALIA Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi SHRI S. P. S. AHUJA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch (Ministry of Defence), NewDelhi MAJ S. P. SHARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta SHRI D. K. KANUGO ( Alternate ) SHRI B. K. CHAKRABORTY Housing & Urban Development Corporation, NewDelhi SHRI P. S. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. CHAUDHARY Lime Manufacturers Association of India, Delhi DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINT DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) HOUSING COMMISSIONER Rajasthan Housing Board, Jaipur RESIDENCE ENGINEER (HQ) ( Alternate ) SHRI K. S. INAMDAR Public Works Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal SHRI M. V. NAGRAJ RAO ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR, RESEARCH Ministry of Railways (B&S) DEPUTY DIRECTOR, RESEARCH (B&S) ( Alternate ) SHRI V. LAKSHMIKANTHAN Khadi & Village Industries Commission, Bombay SHRI E. RAMACHANDRAN ( Alternate ) SHRI N. MACEDO Dyer’s Stone Lime Co Pvt Ltd, Delhi SHRI H. L. MARWAH Builder’s Association of India, Bombay SHRI HARISH C. KOHLI ( Alternate ) DR IRSHAD MASOOD Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee SHRI S. P. GARG ( Alternate ) (Continued on page 2) © BIS 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS:712-1984 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing DR S. C. MAUDGAL Department of Science & Technology, New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PHULL, Central Roard Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI M. L. BHATIA ( Alternate ) DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI J. SEN GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI K. V. SINGH Department of Mines & Geology, Government of Rajasthan, Udaipur SHRI J. N. KAKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI C. SUDHINDRA Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI S. B. SURI ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Public Works Department, Government of (PLANNING& DESING) Tamilnadu, Madras EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (BUILDING CENTRE DIVISION) ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OF Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS(NDZ) SURVEYOR OF WORKS-I (NDZ) ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member ) Director (Civ Engg) Secretary SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY Deputy Director (Civ Engg), ISI 2IS:712-1984 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR BUILDING LIMES (Third Revision) 0. F O R E W O R D 0.1This Indian Standard (Third Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 21 December 1984, after the draft finalized by the Building Limes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2Lime has been used in India as a material of construction from very ancient days. The manner in which lime structures about 2000 years old have withstood the ravages of time bear irrefutable evidence to the durability of lime mortars. 0.3The vastness of the country and its varied geological character has made available several types of limestones suitable for burning to obtain building limes. Due to the variability of limestone from place to place the resulting lime may be expected to vary in quality. While it has not been found possible to make strict comparison of characteristics of the many types of limes obtained, this aspect has been given full consideration in the preparation of this standard. 0.4The method of manufacturing building limes and the manner in which they are used in construction work differ from one part of the country to another. For instance, in the south, lime mortar is generally prepared by grinding a mixture of slaked lime and sand in suitable proportions in a bullock mill while in Punjab, lime putty is mixed with sand and the mix used as mortar directly. Besides, defects caused by adulteration with undesirable admixtures, differences in the method of burning, slaking, storing and using have appreciably affected the quality of lime and in the absence of suitable standards for checking the quality, the use of lime in building construction has come to be discouraged to a large extent. At a time when necessity has been felt to make full use of our construction material resources, the formulation of a specification for building limes and its adoption are expected to bring about a more judicious use of limes for construction purposes. 3IS:712-1984 0.5This standard was first published in 1956 to bring out a long felt need for uniformity in the variety of practices being followed towards manufacture and use of lime in construction work. The standard was subsequently revised in 1964 and in 1973. This revision has been taken up to keep abreast with the developments and modifications found necessary with the usage of this standard. In this revision, requirements for dolomitic limes which are manufactured and used in large quantity in some parts of the country have been added, and the existing chemical requirements and fineness have been modified to recognise and utilize certain type of lime, which otherwise was not covered. The requirement for cementation value has been deleted as it is not directly relevant in case of lime. 0.6This edition 4.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (January 1989). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. 0.7For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS:2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1This standard covers the requirements for building limes used for construction purpose. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS:6508-1972† shall apply. 3. CLASSIFICATION 3.1Building limes shall be classified as follows: Class A — Eminently hydraulic lime used for structural purposes. Class B— Semi-hydraulic lime used for masonry mortars, lime concrete and plaster undercoat. Class C— Fatlime used for finishing coatinplastering, whitewashing, composite mortars, etc, and with addition of pozzolanic materials for masonry mortar. Class D— Magnesium/dolomitic lime used for finishing coat in plastering, white washing, etc. Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). †Glossary of terms relating to building lime. 4IS:712-1984 Class E— Kankar lime used for masonry mortars. Class F— Siliceous dolomitic lime used for undercoat and finishing coat of plaster. NOTE 1 — Lime shall be available either in hydrated or quick form, except that of Classes A and E which shall be supplied in hydrated form. NOTE 2 — Applications indicated are only suggestive. 4. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS 4.1Building limes shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1. 5. PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS 5.1Building limes shall conform to the requirements given in Table 2. 6. PACKING 6.1The hydrated lime shall be supplied, in suitable containers, such as jute bags lined with polythene or high density polythene woven bags lined with polythene or craft paper bags, preferably containing 50kg of lime. NOTE — If the hydrated lime can be used within 30 days, use of liner may be dispensed with. 6.2The quicklime shall be supplied in containers like metal container or similar suitable containers preferably containing 50kg of lime. 7. MARKING 7.1The lime packages shall bear the type and class of lime, the brand name of manufacturer, date of manufacture and the net weight; in case of quicklime the slaking temperature shall be indicated. 7.1.1Lime packages may also be marked with the ISI Certification Mark. NOTE — The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have bean produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. ISI marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the ISI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 56 IS:712-1984 TABLE1CHEMICALREQUIREMENTS (Clause 4.1) SL CHARACTERISTICS CLASS METHOD OF NO. TEST, REF A B C D E F TO Hydra- Quick Hyd Quick Hyd Quick Hyd Hydra- Quick Hyd ted ted (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) i) Calcium and 60 70 70 85 85 85 85 50 70 70 IS : 6932 magnesium oxides, (Part 1)- percent, Min (on 1973* ignited basis) ii) Magnesium oxides, percent (on ignited basis), Max 6 6 6 6 6 — — 6 — — IS : 6932 (Part 1)- 1973* Min — — — — 6 6 — 6 6 iii) Silica, alumina and 20 10 10 — — — — 20 10 10 IS : 6932 ferric oxide, percent, (Part 1)- Min (on ignited 1973* basis) iv) Unhydrated magnesium — — — — — 8 8 — 8 8 IS : 6932 oxide, percent, Max (Part 5)- (on ignited basis) 1973† v) Insoluble residue in 15 10 10 2 2 2 2 25 10 10 IS : 6932 dilute acid and (Part 1)- alkali, percent, Max 1973* (on ignited basis) vi) Carbondioxide, percent, 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 IS : 6932 Max (on oven dry (Part 2)- basis) 1973‡ (Continued) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:254)7 IS:712-1984 vii) Free moisture content, 2 — 2 — 2 — 2 2 — 2 IS : 1514- percent, Max 1959§ viii) Available lime as CaO, — — — 75 (on 75 (on — — — — — IS : 1514- percent, minimum dry ignited 1959§ basis) basis) NOTE — Requirements for insoluble residue including soluble silica are under investigation and this requirement is likely to be included at a later stage. Methods of tests for building limes: Part 1 Determination of insoluble residue, loss on ignition, insoluble matter, silicon dioxide, ferric and aluminium oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide. †Methods of tests for building limes: Part 5 Determination of unhydrated oxide. ‡Methods of tests for building limes: Part 2 Determination of carbon dioxide content. §Methods of sampling and test for quick lime and hydrated lime (Reaffirmed 1978).8 IS:712-1984 TABLE2PHYSICALREQUIREMENTS (Clause 5.1) SL CHARACTERISTICS CLASS METHOD OF NO. TEST, REF A B C D E F TO Hydera- Quick Hyd Quick Hyd Quick Hyd Hydra- Quick Hyd ted ted (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) i) Fineness: a)Residue on 2.36mm Nil — Nil — Nil — Nil Nil — Nil IS : 6932 IS Sieve, percent, (Part 4)- Max 1973 b)Residue on 5 — 5 — Nil — Nil 5 — 5 300micron IS Sieve, percent, Max c)Residue on — — — — 10 — 10 — — Nil 212micron IS Sieve, percent, Max ii) Residue on slaking: a)Residue on — 10 — 5 — 5 — — 10 — IS : 6932 850micron IS Sieve, (Part 3)- percent, Max 1973† b)Residue on — — — 5 — 5 — — — — 300micron IS Sieve, percent, Max iii) Setting time: a)Initial set, Min, h 2 — — — — — — 2 — — IS : 6932 (Part 11)- 1984‡ b)Final set, Max, h 48 — — — — — — 48 — — (Continued) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) (cid:254)9 IS:712-1984 iv) Compressive strength, Min, N/mm2: a)at 14 days 1.75 1.25 1.25 — — — — 1.0 1.25 1.25 IS : 6932 b)at 28 days 2.8 1.75 1.75 — — — — 1.75 1.75 1.75 (Part 7)- 1973§ v) Transverse strength at 1.0 0.7 0.7 — — — — 0.7 0.7 0.7 IS : 6932 28 days, N/mm2, Min (Part 7)- 1973§ vi) Workability bumps, — — — 12 10 12 10 — — — IS : 6932 Max (Part 8)- 1973\|\| vii) Volume yield ml/g, Min — — — 1.7 — 1.4 — — — — IS : 6932 (Part 6)- 1973¶ viii) Soundness, Le 5 — 5 — — — — 10 — 10 IS : 6932 Chaterlier expansion, (Part 9)- mm, Max 1973** ix) Popping & pitting Free — Free — Free — Free — — Free IS : 6932 from from from from from (Part 10)- pop pop pop pop pop 1973†† and and and and and pits pits pits pits pits Methods of tests for building limes: Part 4 Determination of fineness of hydrated lime. †Methods of tests for building limes: Part 3 Determination of residue on slaking of quicklime. ‡Methods of tests for building limes: Part 11 Determination of setting time of hydrated lime. §Methods of tests for building limes: Part 7 Determination of compressive and transverse strengths. \|\|Methods of tests for building limes: Part 8 Determination of workability. ¶Methods of tests for building limes: Part 6 Determination of volume yield of quicklime. *Methods of tests for building limes: Part 9 Determination of soundness. ††Methods of tests for building limes: Part 10 Determination of popping and pitting of hydrated lime.IS:712-1984 8. STORAGE 8.1The lime shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and in a suitable building to protect the lime from the dampness and to minimize warehouse deterioration. NOTE — Quicklime deteriorates rapidly and, therefore, should be used as quickly as possible. 9. SAMPLING AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY 9.1The procedure of sampling and criterion for conformity shall be as given in Appendix A. A P P E N D I XA (Clause 9.1) SAMPLING AND CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY A-1. SAMPLES FOR TESTING A-1.1The samples for testing shall be taken by the purchaser or his representative at the manufacturer’s works. A-2. PROCEDURES FOR SAMPLING A-2.1General — Sampling shall be carried out as quickly as possible so that the material does not deteriorate. The total time occupied in mixing and quartering down the composite samples, and the preparation of the final test samples from this shall not exceed two hours. The final samples shall be three in number and shall be placed immediately in clean, dry and air-tight containers. When testing is not to be carried out at once, the samples shall be enclosed, marked and sealed to the satisfaction of all concerned, paying special attention to the air-tightness of the containers. Tools and containers shall be of material free from rust and shall be alkali resistant. A-2.2Sampling — From each lot, three final test samples shall be taken as provided under A-2.2.1 for quicklime and under A-2.2.2 for hydrated lime. 10IS:712-1984 A-2.2.1 Quicklime — The size of the gross sample for lump quicklime and powdered quicklime from each lot depends on the size of the lot and shall be as given in Table 3 and in A-2.2.1.1 and A-2.2.1.2. TABLE3SAMPLESIZE LOT SIZE GROSS SAMPLE SIZE GROSS SAMPLE SIZE FOR LUMP FOR POWDERED QUICKLIME QUICKLIME (1) (2) (3) Tonnes kg kg Up to 100 500 250 101 to 300 1000 500 301 to 500 1500 750 501 to 1000 2000 1000 A-2.2.1.1When the lump quicklime or powdered quicklime is available in bulk, the gross sample shall be made up of at least 50 equal portions taken from the lot at equal intervals of loading or unloading to make up the prescribed gross sample size. For stationary lots, the gross sample shall be collected from different parts of the stock pile in not less than50 equal portions. The gross sample collected in the above manner shall be thoroughly mixed on a clean dry surface to about 20kg for lump quicklime and 10kg for powdered quicklime by coning and quartering method. A-2.2.1.2When the lump quicklime or powdered quicklime is presented for sampling in packages, at least 25 percent of the packages shall be opened and equal portions of the material shall be collected from different parts of the packages to make up the prescribed gross sample size. The gross sample collected in the above manner shall be thoroughly mixed on a clean dry surface to about 20kg for lump quicklime and 10kg for powdered quicklime by coning and quartering method. A-2.2.2 Hydrated Lime — The final samples, each of not less than 5kg, shall be taken direct in the same manner as described under A-2.2.1.1 and A-2.2.1.2 for powdered quicklime. A-2.3Material for Physical and Chemical Tests — Subsequently, at the time and place at which the tests and chemical analysis are to be carried out, the sample taken as described under A-2.2.1 andA-2.2.2 shall be crushed to pass through 2.36mm IS Sieve and thoroughly mixed. Slightly more quantity of lime than is sufficient for conducting the tests shall be taken. For chemical tests only, from the material finally chosen, a small quantity from the sample shall be ground and rejected in order to ensure absence of contamination in the grinding equipment; and then 11IS:712-1984 about 100g of the sample shall be rapidly ground with as little exposure to the air and water vapour as possible to pass through 300micron IS Sieve and placed in a small air-tight container. The remaining quantity shall be used for physical tests. A-3. CRITERION FOR CONFORMITY A-3.1The test sample prepared for each lot shall be subjected to various physical and chemical tests. The lot shall be declared conforming to this specification only if the sample passes all the prescribed tests. 12Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee:BDC 4 Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 January 1989 BUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg (cid:236) 323 76 17 (cid:237) NEW DELHI 110002 (cid:238) 323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi (cid:236) 3378499, 33785 61 (cid:237) KOLKATA700054 (cid:238) 3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 (cid:236) 603843 (cid:237) (cid:238) 602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 (cid:236) 2350216, 2350442 (cid:237) (cid:238) 2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) (cid:236) 8329295, 8327858 (cid:237) MUMBAI 400093 (cid:238) 8327891, 8327892 Branches :AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM
1121_1.pdf	IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 (Reaffirmed1998) Edition 2.1 (1980-09) Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES PART I COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( First Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) UDC 691.21:620.173 © BIS 2003 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 2IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES PART I COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( First Revision ) Stones Sectional Committee, BDC 6 Chairman Representing SHRI C. B. L. MATHUR Public Works Department, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur Members SHRI K. K. AGRAWALA Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SHRI K. K. MADHOK (Alternate) SHRI T. N. BHARGAVA Ministry of Shipping & Transport (Roads Wing) CHIEF ARCHITECT Central Public Works Department, New Delhi LALA G. C. DAS National Test House, Calcutta SHRI P. R. DAS (Alternate) DEPUTY DIRECTOR (RESEARCH) Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DEPUTY DIRECTOR (RESEARCH), Public Works-Department, Government of Orissa, CONTROL AND RESEARCH Bhubaneswar LABORATORY DR M. P. DHIR Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI R. L. NANDA (Alternate) DIRECTOR Engineering Research Institute, Baroda DIRECTOR (CSMRS) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR (CSMRS) (Alternate) DIRECTOR, MERI Building & Communication Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay RESEARCH OFFICER, MERI (Alternate) SHRI M. K. GUPTA Himalayan Tiles & Marble Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. D. PATHAK (Alternate) DR IQBAL ALI Engineering Research Laboratory, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SHRI A. B. LINGAM (Alternate) SHRI D. G. KADKADE Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI V. B. DESAI (Alternate) (Continued on page 2) © BIS 2003 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 (Continued from page 1) Members Representing SHRI T. R. MEHANDRU Institution of Engineers (India), Calcutta SHRI PREM SWARUP Department of Geology & Mining, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow SHRI A. K. AGARWAL (Alternate) DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organisation, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR (MATERIALS) (Alternate) SHRI M. L. SETHI Department of Geology & Mining, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur SHRI Y. N. DAVE (Alternate) DR B. N. SINHA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER (I & D) (Alternate) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (DESIGN Public Works Department, Government of AND PLANNING) Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Public Works Department, Government of (DESIGNS) Mysore, Bangalore SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Public Works Department, Government of West (PLANNING CIRCLE) Bengal, Calcutta SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OF Public Works Department, Government of WORKS Himachal Pradesh, Simla SHRI M. V. YOGI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch (Ministry of Defence) SHRI J. K. CHARAN (Alternate) SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member) Director (Civ Engg) Secretary SHRI K. M. MATHUR Deputy Director (Civ Engg), BIS 2IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF NATURAL BUILDING STONES PART I COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ( First Revision ) 0. F O R E W O R D 0.1This Indian Standard (Part I) (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 1 October 1974, after the draft finalized by the Stones Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2Building stones are available in large quantity in various parts of the country and to choose and utilize them for their satisfactory performance, it is necessary to know the various strength properties determined according to standard procedure. This standard has, therefore, been formulated to cover the standard method for determining the strength properties of various stones. This standard covering compressive, transverse and shear strength properties of building stones was published in 1957 and is being revised based on the actual use of it in the past 17 years and the experience gained in testing of building stones for these properties in the various research laboratories of this country. In this revision, property of tensile strength has also been added, which is also important for assessing the suitability of stone. 0.2.1This standard is now being issued in four parts, each part covering a specific property to facilitate the use of this standard. Part I covers the determination of compressive strength of natural building stones. 0.3This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (September 1980). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. 0.4In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. 1. SCOPE 1.1This standard (PartI) lays down the procedure for the determination of compressive strength of natural building stones used for constructional purposes. Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). 3IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 2. SELECTION OF SAMPLES 2.1The sample shall be selected to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration. 2.2The sample shall be selected from the quarried stone or taken from the natural rock, as described in 2.2.1 and 2.2.2 and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation of the requisite number of test pieces. 2.2.1Stones from Ledges or Quarries — The ledge or quarry face of the stone shall be inspected to determine any variation in different strata. Differences in colour, texture and structure shall be observed. Separate samples of stone weighing at least 25kg each of the unweathered specimens shall be obtained from all strata that appear to vary in colour, texture and structure. Pieces that have been damaged by blasting, driving wedges, heating, etc, shall not be included in the sample. 2.2.2Field Stone and Boulders — A detailed inspection of the stone and boulders over the area shall be made where the supply is to be obtained. The different kinds of stones and their conditions at various quarry sites shall be recorded. Separate samples for each class of stone that would be considered for use in construction as indicated by visual inspection shall be selected. 3. TEST PIECES AND CONDITIONING 3.1Test pieces shall be made from samples selected in accordance with2 and shall be in the form of cubes or cylinders. They shall be cut or drilled from the samples. The diameter or lateral dimension (distance between opposite vertical faces) of a test piece shall not be less than 50mm and the ratio of height to diameter or lateral dimension shall not be less than 1:1 (see also 6.2). NOTE — Test pieces prepared out of broken beams in the transverse test [see IS:1121 (Part II)-1974] may also be used. 3.1.2The load-bearing surfaces shall be finished to as nearly true, parallel and perpendicular planes as possible by using rock cutting saws, grinding polishing wheels or abrasive powder. The dimensions of the faces under loading shall be measured to the nearest 0.2mm. 3.1.3The load-bearing surfaces and the direction of the rift shall be carefully marked on each test piece after finishing. 3.1.4Three test pieces shall be used for conducting the test in each of the conditions mentioned in 3.1.4.1 and 3.1.4.2. In each of these conditions, separate tests shall be made for the specimen when the load is parallel to the rift and perpendicular to the rift. In all twelve test pieces shall be used. Methods of test for determination of strength properties of natural building stones: Part II Transverse strength (first revision). 4IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 3.1.4.1The test pieces shall be immersed in water maintained at 20 to 30°C for 72h before testing and shall be tested in saturated condition. 3.1.4.2The test pieces shall also be tested in a dry condition and shall be dried in an oven at 105±5°C for 24h and cooled in a desiccator to room temperature (20 to 30°C). 4. APPARATUS 4.1A testing machine of sufficient capacity for the tests and capable of applying load at the specified rate shall be used. The machine shall be equipped with two steel bearing plates with hardened faces. One of the plates (preferably the one that normally bears on the upper surface of the test pieces) shall be fitted with a ball seating in the form of a portion of a sphere, the centre of which coincides with the central point of the face of the plate. The other compression plate shall be plain rigid bearing block. The bearing faces of both plates shall be preferably larger than the nominal size of the test piece to which the load is applied. The bearing surface of the plates when new, shall not depart from a plane by more than 0.0125mm at any point. The movable portion of spherically seated compression plate shall be held on the spherical seat, but the design shall be such that it is possible to rotate the bearing face freely and tilt it through small angles in any direction. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1The load shall be applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of approximately 140kg/cm2 of the area per minute until the resistance of the test piece to the increasing load breaks down and no greater load is sustained. The maximum load applied to the test piece shall be recorded and the appearance of the stone and any unusual features in the type of failure shall be noted. 6. EVALUATION AND REPORT OF TEST RESULTS 6.1The maximum load in kg supported by the test piece before failure occurs, divided by the area of the bearing face of the specimen in cm2 shall be taken as the compressive strength of the specimen. 6.2When the ratio of height to diameter (or lateral dimension) differs from unity by 25 percent or more, the result shall be calculated to that standard test piece as follows: C C = --------------------------------p----------------------------- c 0.778+0.222 ( b÷h ) where C = compressive strength of standard test piece, c C = compressive strength of the specimen having a height greater p than the diameter or lateral dimension, b = diameter or lateral dimension, and h = height. 5IS:1121 (Part I) - 1974 6.3The average of the three results in each condition separately (see3.1.4) shall be taken for purposes of reporting the compressive strength of the sample. 6.4 The compressive strength shall be expressed in kg/cm2. 6.5Identification of the sample, date, when sample was taken and type of stone shall be reported. 6.6 Size and shape of test pieces used in the tests shall be indicated. 6.7A description of the way in which the test pieces were prepared shall be included. 6Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee:BDC 6 Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 September 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17  NEW DELHI 110002 323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi 3378499, 33785 61  KOLKATA700054 3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022  603843   602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2350216, 2350442  2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295, 8327858  MUMBAI 400093 8327891, 8327892 Branches :AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM
3025_9.pdf	UDC 628’11’3 : 543’3 : 536’5 ( Second Reprint JULY 1993) IS : 3025 ( Part 9 ‘) - 1.984 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHY~KAL AND CHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTE WATER PART 9 TEMPERATURE ( First Revision ) 1. scope - Prescribes methods for the measurement of temperature of water and waste water. 2. Principle 2.1 Temperature measurements may be made with any mercury-in-glass thermometer, provided it is checked occasionally against a precision thermometer certified by a competent agency. 2.2 Depth temperature may be obtained with a protected reversing thermometer or a thermistor. Measurements of temperature are, usually, more conveniently done using thermistors. 3. Procedure 3.1 Make measurement with the thermometer immersed directly in the water body, after a period of time sufficient to permit constant reading. If the measurement of water temperature can not be carried out directly, carry it out in a sampling bottle. The bottle should have a volume of at least one litre. Adjust its temperature,to that of the sample water before the measurement. Do not expose it to heat or direct solar radiation. Measure temperature of tap water in a bottle through the water flows until a constant reading is obtained. 3.2 Make measurement of the temperature of a water body at a.particular depth with the thermometer or thermistor immersed directly in the water body. After sufficient time has elapsed to allow the thermometer or thermistor to come to the exact temperature of the water, take a reading. In the case of the thermistor make a direct measurement of its resistance and obtain the temperature of the water body from the calibration curve supplied with the thermistor. 3.3 In the case of reversing thermometer, obtain the reading by dropping a messenger weight along the wire to which is attached the reversing thermometer in a reversing frame on a water sampling bottle. This weight normally. drops at a speed of about 150 metres per minute except when the wire is extremely inclined to the vertical. After sufficient time has passed for the messenger weight to trip the thermometer, haul up the wire and keep the water bottle with the thermometer carefully in a vertical position away from direct sunlight in order to prevent accidental reversing before reading the temperature to be measured. Allow about 10 to 15 minutes for the thermometers ‘to reach the air temperature, after they are brought up from the water. At this stage the auxiliary thermometer records the atmospheric temperature and the main thermometer, the approximate temperature of the water body. 4. Calculations - Calculate the exact temperature of the water body, in the case of the reversing thermometer, from the following formula: T ,,,,=T’+C+I and C = W-JAO- TI) - where T, = the corrected value, that is, the true value of the water temperature, “C; T’ = the reading of the main thermometer, “C; / = the index correction given on a calibration sheet supplied with the thermometer; C = correction for thermal exp.ansion; V, = volume of mercury below 0°C mark given on the calibration graph; K = reciprocal therms1 expansion coefficient given on the calibration graph; and TI = temperature reading of the auxiliary thermometer, “C. Adopted 29 February 1984 0 July 1985. BIS Gr I I I .I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS ,, MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002IS:3025(PartS)-1984 4.1 If an unprotected reversing thermometer is used along with the protected thermometer the corrected temperature Tu can be similarly obtained. The actual depth of reversal of the thermometers can be obtained using the following equation: f,.- T, Z = Pm--o where Z = dep’th in metres; 7~ = corrected reading of the protected thermometer, “C; T,., = corrected reading of the protected thermdmeter, “C; Pm = mean density of the water column; and 0 = pressure coefficient of ihe unprotected thermometer given on the calibration graph. 5. Report - ‘Report the temperature of water to the nearest 0’01, 0’1 or OWC, depending on. the accuracy required and the thermometer used. EXPLANATORY NOTE Measurements of temperature are required in studies df self-purification of rivers and reservoirs and is one of the parameters for suitability of an effluent waste discharge and for the control of waste treatment plants. Temperature of water is important in relation to aquatic biota, bathing and irrigation use.. It-also affects taste of water. Accurate measurements of temperature of natural waters are essential for calculation of degrees of saturation with respect to various minerals and in study of mineral ‘equilibria’. Temperature readings are used in cafculatiqn of various forms of alkalinity. In limnologic studies, temperature readings at different depths are required. In industrial plants, for process use or heat transfer calculations, temperature values are required. This method supersedes clause 10 of IS : 2488 (9art I)-1966 ‘Method of sampling and test for industrial effluents, Part I’; 2 Rcprograpby Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
73.pdf	IS 73 : 1992 (Reaffirmed1998) Edition3.3 (2002-10) Indian Standard PAVING BITUMEN — SPECIFICATION ( Second Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1, 2 & 3) UDC665.775.625.856.06 ©BIS2002 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group2Bitumen Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee, PCD6 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Bitumen Tar and Their Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council. This standard was first published in 1950 as ‘Specification for asphaltic bitumen and fluxed native asphalt for road making purpose’ which was revised in 1961 to change the grades of material and incorporate the methods of test as per IS1201 to IS1220:1958 ‘Methods for testing tar and bitumen’. In this revision, the grades of fluxed native asphalt were deleted and essentially the paving grades were included. Based on the revised methods of test in IS1201 to IS1220:1978 ‘Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials (first revision)’ and the additional data that had become available, a revision was undertaken. Bituminous mixes prepared with binders having high wax content have tendencies to become brittle in cold weather and to bleed in hot weather. In the present revision, separate tables of requirements of paving grade bitumens derived from waxy crude and non-waxy crude have been prepared. Requirements of performance tests like penetration ratio, paraffin wax content, viscosity at 60°C and 135°C and retained penetration after thin film oven test have been incorporated. Besides, six grades of bitumen derived from waxy crude have been unified into four grades, and, in the case of bitumen from non-waxy crude, an additional grade of 50/60 penetration has been introduced on the basis of the data made available from a study carried out jointly by the Central Road Research Institute and the Indian Oil Corporation (R & D) Centre, Faridabad. This standard is one of the series of standards on bitumen. Other specifications so far published in this series are: IS217:1989 Cut back bitumen (second revision) IS454:1961 Digboi type cut back bitumen (under revision) IS702:1988 Industrial bitumen (second revision) This edition 3.3 incorporates Amendment No. 2 (May 2002) and Amendment No. 3 (October 2002). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendments. Amendment No. 1 had been incorporated earlier. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the results of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off values should be the same as that of the specified value of this standard.IS 73 : 1992 Indian Standard PAVING BITUMEN — SPECIFICATION ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE 5.2The source of the material shall be stated by the manufacturer. This standard covers physical and chemical requirements of paving bitumens for use in 6 REQUIREMENTS roadways, runways and allied constructions. 6.1The material shall be homogeneous and 2 REFERENCES shall not foam when heated to 175°C. The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are 6.2Paving bitumen Type 1 shall satisfy the necessary adjuncts to this standard. requirements given in Table 1 and paving 3 TERMINOLOGY bitumen Type 2 shall satisfy the requirements given in Table 2. For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS334:1982 shall apply. 6.2.1For a given lot under each type the softening point for samples taken from 4 TYPES AND GRADES different parts of the lot shall not vary by more 4.1Paving bitumen shall be of the following than 8°C from maximum to minimum and shall two types: not fall outside the range of the test limits specified in Tables 1 and 2. Type1Paving bitumen from non-waxy crude; and 7 TESTS Type2Paving bitumen from waxy crude. 7.1Tests shall be carried out as described by 4.1.1Paving bitumen Type 1 shall be classified methods referred in col 9 of Table 1 and col 7 of into six grades according to their penetration Table 2, for paving bitumen Type 1 and Type 2 and each grade shall be given a designation as respectively. given in Table 1 with letter ‘S’ denoting the type and a numeral representing the mean of 8 PACKING AND MARKING the limits of the penetration specified for the grade. 8.1 Packing 4.1.2Paving bitumen Type 2 shall be classified The material may be supplied in drums of Type into four grades according to their penetration A or Type B as per IS3575:1989 or as agreed and each grade shall be given a designation as to between the purchaser and the supplier. given in Table 2 with letter ‘A’ denoting the 8.2 Marking type and a numeral representing the mean of the limits of the penetration specified for the Each container of paving bitumen shall be grade. legibly marked with the following: NOTE — For example, A 35 means that paving bitumen a)Indication of source of manufacture, corresponding to this grade has high wax content and has approximately a penetration value in the range of b)Month and year of manufacture, 30 to 40. S 35 means that paving bitumen corresponding c)Type and Grade, and to this grade has low wax content and has approximately a penetration value in the range of 30 d)Batch number. to40. 8.2.1Each container may also be marked with 4.2Intermediate grades shall be subject to the Standard Mark. mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 9 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR 5 MANUFACTURE AND SOURCE CONFORMITY 5.1The material shall be prepared by the Representative samples of the material shall be distillation of suitable crude petroleum oil with drawn and their conformity to the or without subsequent blending with other requirements of this standard be judged as grades and/or air blowing. prescribed in Annex B. 1IS 73 : 1992 Table 1 Requirements for Paving Bitumen Type 1 (Clause6.2) Sl Characteristics Requirements for Grades Methods of Test, Ref to No. S 35 S 45 S 55 S 65 S 90 S 200 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) i)Specific gravity at 27°C, 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 IS1202:1978 Min ii)Water, percent by mass, 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 IS1211:1978 Max iii)Flash point, Cleveland 175 175 175 175 175 175 IS1448(P:69):1969 open cup, °C, Min iv)Softening point °C 55-65 50-60 50-60 45-55 40-55 30-45 IS1205:1978 v)Penetration at 25°C, 30 to 40 40 to 50 50 to 60 60 to 70 80 to 100 175 to 225 IS1203:1978 100g,5 Sec., 1/10 mm vi)Penetration ratio1, Min 42 40 40 35 30 20 — vii)Ductility at 27°C, cm, 50 75 75 75 75 — IS1208:1978 Min viii)Paraffin wax content, 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 IS10512:1983 percent by mass, Max ix)Frass breaking point2, –4 –4 –6 –6 –8 –10 IS9381:1979 °C,Max x)Loss on heating, thin film 1 1 1 1 1 2 IS1212:1978 oven test, percent by mass, Max xi)Retained penetration after 55 55 52 52 47 42 IS9382:1979 thin film oven test, 25°C, 100 g, 5 Sec., 1/10 mm, percent of original, Min xii)Matter soluble in 99 99 99 99 99 99 IS1216:1978 trichloroethylene, percent by mass, Min xiii)Viscosity at: a)60°C, Poises 5 000± 4 000± 3 000± 2 000± 1 000± 250± IS1206(Part 2):1978 1 000 800 600 500 250 50 b)135°C, cst, Min 500 400 350 300 250 125 IS1206(Part 3):1978 1 Penetration ratio = 2 This characteristic is subject to the agreement between the supplier and the purchaser. 2                          Penetration at 4°C, 200 g, 60 s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------×100 Penetration at 25°C, 100 g, 5 sIS 73 : 1992 Table 2 Requirements for Paving Bitumen Type 2 (Clause6.2) Sl No. Characteristics Requirements for Grades Methods of Test, Ref to A 35 A 55 A 65 A 90 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) i) Specific gravity at 27°C, Min 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 IS1202:1978 ii) Water, percent by mass, Max 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 IS1211:1978 iii) Flash point, Cleveland open cup °C, 175 175 175 175 IS1448(P:69):1969 Min iv) Softening point, °C 55 to 70 45 to 60 45 to 60 35 to 50 IS1205:1978 v) Penetration at 25°C, 100 g, 30 to 40 50 to 60 60 to 70 80 to 100 IS1203:1978 5Sec.,1/10 mm vi) Penetration ratio1, Min 25 25 25 25 — vii) Ductility at 27°C, cm, Min 10 15 15 15 IS1208:1978 viii) Paraffin wax content, percent by 10 10 10 10 IS10512:1983 mass, Max ix) Frass breaking point °C, Min –4 –6 –8 –10 IS9381:1979 x) Loss on heating in thin film oven 1 1 1 1 IS1212:1978 test, percent by mass, Max xi) Retained penetration after thin film 57 57 47 42 IS9382:1979 oven test at 25°C, 100 g, 5Sec., 1/10mm percent of original, Min xii) Matter soluble in trichloroethylene, 99 99 99 99 IS1216:1978 percent by mass, Min xiii) Viscosity at: (a)60°C, Poises 1000±300 400±300 300±10 200±50 IS1206(Part 2):1978 (b)135°C, cst, Min 250 100 70 50 IS1206(Part 3):1978 1 Penetration ratio = ANNEX A (Item 2) LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS 3                      Penetration at 4°C, 200 g, 60 s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------×100 Penetration at 25°C, 100 g, 5 s IS No. Title IS No. Title 1205:1978 Methods for testing tar and 334:1982 Glossary of terms relating to bituminous materials: bitumen and tar (second Determination of softening revision) point (first revision) 1201:1978 Methods of testing tar and 1206(Part 2) : Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials — 1978 bituminous materials: Sampling (first revision) Determination of viscosity — Absolute viscosity (first 1202:1978 Methods for testing tar and revision) bituminous materials : 1206(Part 3) : Determination of viscosity — Determination of specific 1978 Kinematic viscosity (first gravity (first revision) revision) 1203:1978 Methods of testing tar and 1208:1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: bituminous materials : Determination of penetration Determination of ductility (first (first revision) revision)IS 73 : 1992 IS No. Title IS No. Title 1448(P: 69) : Methods of test for petroleum carbon disulphide or 1969 and its product (P:69) Flash trichloroethylene (first and fire point by cleveland revision) (open) cup 3575:1989 Specification of bitumen drums 1211:1978 Methods for testing tar and (first revision) bituminous materials: 4905:1968 Methods for random sampling Determination of water content 9381:1979 Methods for testing tar and (Dean and Stark Method) bituminous materials: (firstrevision) Determination of Frass 1212:1978 Method for testing tar and breaking point of bitumen bituminous materials: 9382:1979 Methods for testing tar and Determination of loss on bituminous materials: heating (first revision) Determination of effect of heat and air by thin film oven tests 1216:1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: 10512:1983 Methods for determination of Determination of solubility in wax content in bitumen ANNEX B (Clause 9) SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY B-1 SCALE OF SAMPLING B-3 NUMBER OF TESTS B-1.1 Lot B-3.1All the individual samples shall be tested for softening point, penetration and ductility. In any consignment, all the containers of same type, same grade and belonging to the same B-3.2For the remaining characteristics given batch of manufacture shall be grouped together in 6.1 and 6.2 of the specification, a composite to constitute a lot. sample prepared by mixing together approximately equal quantities of bitumen B-1.2The number of containers to be selected from all individual samples shall be tested. from the lot shall depend upon the size of the lot and shall be in accordance with Table 3. B-4 CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY Table 3 Scale of Sampling B-4.1The lot shall be declared as conforming to the requirements of this specification if B-4.1.1 Lot size No. of Containers and B-4.1.2 are satisfied. to be Selected (1) (2) B-4.1.1From the test results of each of the Up to 50 3 characteristics given in B-3.1, the mean ( X ) 51 to 150 5 and the range (R) shall be calculated as below: 151 to 500 7 Sum of the test results 501 and above 10 mean ( X ) = --------------------------------------------------------------- Number of test results B-1.3These containers shall be selected at Range (R) = Difference in the largest and random from the lot. In order to ensure the the smallest of the test results randomness of selection, procedure given in If the expression ( X – 0.6 R) is greater than or IS4905:1968 may be followed. equal to the minimum specification limit, the B-2 PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES expression ( X +0.6 R) is less than or equal to the maximum specification limit and both the From each of the containers selected according conditions are satisfied in case of two-sided to B-1.2 and B-1.3, a sample representative of specification limits, the lot shall be considered material in the container shall be drawn in to have met these requirements. accordance with the methods prescribed in IS1201:1978 taking all the precautions B-4.1.2The composite sample when tested for mentioned therein. All these samples from the characteristics mentioned in B-3.2 shall individual containers shall be stored satisfy the corresponding specification separately. requirements. 4Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc:No. PCD 6 (783). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 Incorporated earlier Amd. No. 2 May 2002 Amd. No. 3 October 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg  323 76 17  NEW DELHI 110002  323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi  3378499, 33785 61  KOLKATA700054  3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843  602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113  2350216, 2350442   2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)  8329295, 8327858  MUMBAI 400093  8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM.
1200_15.pdf	IS : 1200( Part 15 ) - 1987 (Reaffirmed 1092 ) Indian Standard 1 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF i BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORK 1 PART 15 PAINTING, POLISHING, VARNISHING, ETC Fourth Revision ) ( Second Reprint SEPTEMBER 1998 UDC 69’003’12 : 698’12 0 Copyrfght 1987 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAPAR MARG NEW DELHI-I 10002 -f? ?a c.* ,l.d“: : k Gr 3 Ocfober 1987 --> L i .l--~- ._.__. _“, .” . - -’IS : 1200 ( Part 15 ) - 1987 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORK PART 15 PAINTING, POLISHING, VARNISHING, ETC Fourth Revision ) ( Method of Measurement of Works of Civil Engineering ( Excluding River Valley Project), BDC 44 Chairman Representing SHRI A. C. PANCHDHAR~ Central Public Works Department, Bombay Members ADH~~HASA~ BHAYANTR Public Works Department, Government of Uttar ( PARSHIKSAN ) Pradesh, Lucknow DEPUTY DIRECTOR( GAWESHAN) I Alternate j I Smu 6. G. AHUA Builders Association of India, Bombay SHR~K . D. ARCOT Engineers India Limited, New Delhi Smr T. V. SITARAM( Alternate ) Snax N. K. ARORA Bhakra Management Board, Nangal Township, Chandigarh SHRI R. M. JOLLY ( Alternate ) SnaI G. B. BAJAJ Bombay Port Tryst,. Bombay SHR~ P. BANERJEE Ministrytlg ;f Shlppmg and Transport ( Roads SHRI R. G. THAWANI( AIternate ) SHRI G. K. DESHPANDB Public Works Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay , DIRECTOR( IRI ) Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DIRECTOR( RATESA ND COSTS) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR( RATES AND COSTS) ( Akernate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) 0 Copyright 1987 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 1200 ( Part 15 ) - 1987 ( Continued from page i ) Members Representing SHRI P. N. GADI Institution of Surveyors, New Delhi SHRI D. S. TAMBANKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI N. M. DASTANE Hind;iEba, Construction Company Limited, SHRI G. B. JAHAGIRDAR National Industrial Development Corporation Limited? New Delhi JOINTD IRECTOR ( D ) National Bmldings Organization, New Delhi SHRI A. K. LAL ( Alternate ) SHRI ASHIT RANJAN KAR Calcutta Port Trust, Calcutta SHRI H. K. KHOSLA Haryana Irrigation Department, Chandigarh SUPERINTENDING ENGMEXR ( DESIGN ) ( Ahernate ) SHRI S. K. LAHA Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI R. P. LAHIRI Gamg;baykerley and Company Limiteu, SHRI K. K. MADHOK MES Builders Association of India ( Regd ), New Delhi SHRI R. K. BAHL ( Afternate ) SHRI DATTA S. MALIK Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay SHRI R. S. MURTHY Gammon India Limited, Bombay SHRI H. D. MATANGE (Alternate 1 SHRIC. B. PATEL M. N. Dastur and Company Private Limited, Calcutta SHRI B. C. PATEL ( Alternote ) SHRI K. A. PATNAIK Bureau of Public Enterprises ( Ministry of Finance ), New Delhi SHRI V. G. PATWARDHAN Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch ( Ministry of Defence ), New Delhi SHRI C. G. KARMARKAR ( Afternate ) DR. R. B. SINGH Banaras Hindu University, Banaras SHRI R. A. SUBRAMANIAM Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd. Calcutta SUPERINTENDINSGU RVEYORO F Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS ( AVIATION ) SURVEYORO F WORKS I ( AVIATION ) ( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMAN, Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI K. M. MATHUR Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS 2IS : 1200(Part1 5)- 1987 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORK PART 15 PAINTING, POLISHING, VARNISHING, ETC ( Fourth Revision / 0. FOREWORD 0.1T his Indian Standard ( Part 15 ) ( Fourth Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 20 March 1987, after the draft finalized by the Civil Works Measurement Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Measurement occupies a very important place in planning and execu- tion of any civil engineering work from the time of first estimates to final completion and settlement of payments of the subject. The methods follow- ed for measurement are not uniform and considerable differences exist between practices followed by one construction agency and another and also between various Central and State Government departments. While it is recognized that each system of measurement has to be specifically related to the administrative and financial organizations within the depart- ment responsible for work, a unification of the various systems at technical level has been accepted as very desirable, specially as it permits a wider circle of operation for civil engineering contractors and eliminates ambigui- ties and misunderstandings arising out of inadequate understanding of various systems followed. 0.3 Among the various civil engineering items, measurement of building had been first to be taken up for standardization and this standard, having provisions relating to all building works, was first published in 1958 and then revised in 1964. 0.4 In the course of usage of this standard ( IS : 1200-1964* ) by various construction agencies in the country, several clarifications and suggestions for modifications were received and, as a result of study, the Committee decided that its scope, besides being applicable to buildings, should be expanded so as to cover method of measurement applicable to civil engineering works, such as industrial project works. Method of measuremento f building works ( revised ). 3IS : 1200( Part 15 ) - 1987 0.5 Since various trades are not related to one another, the Committee decided that each type of trade as given in IS : 1200-1964 be issued separately as a different part, which will be helpful to specific users in yari’ous trades. This part covering method of measurement of painting, polishing, varnishing, etc, applicable to building as well as civil engineer- ing works was, therefore, issued as a second revision in 1968 and third revision in 1976. 0.6 In the course of use of this standard in the past ten years, suggestions for improvement of some of the clauses were received. This fourth revision covers modifications in respect of painting of steel work and inclusion of painting of flush doors, besides updating the requirement so as to bring it in line with revisions of relevant Indian Standards. 0.7 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expres- sing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-19601_. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part 15 ) covers the method of measurement of paint- ing, polishing, varnishing, etc, in buildings and civil engineering works. NOTE - Method of measurement of painting of building surfaces are covered in IS : 1200 (,Part 13 ). 2. GENERAL RULES 2.1 Clubbing of Items - Items may be clubbed together provided these are on the basis of detailed description of items stated in this standard. 2.2 Booking of Dimensions - In booking of dimensions, the order shall be consistent, and generally in sequence of length, width and height or depth or thickness. 2.3 Description of Item - Description of each item shall, unless otherwise stated, be held to include, where necessary, conveyance; delivery; handling; unloading; storing; waste; return of packings; necessary scaffolding; protec- tive cover; and cleaning stains from floors, walls, glass panes, etc. Method of measurement of building works ( revised ). iRules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). 4IS:12OO(Part15)-1987 2.4 Measurement - All work shall be measured net in the decimal system, as executed and as given below: a) Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 m, and b) Areas shall be worked out to the nearest O-01 m. 2.5 Bill of Quantities - Items of works shall fully describe materials and truly represent the work to be executed. 2.6 Preparatory work, such as knotting, priming, stopping and rubbing down, burning off or stripping shall be described and the number of coats shall be stated. Work on surfaces previously painted shall be measured separately. 2.6.1 Where special colours or other special finishes are required, it shall be so stated. 2.7 Work on different surfaces shall be measured separately classified as follows and the preparatory work shall be described and included in the items: a) Non-absorbent surfaces, such as on steel and other metals; and b) Semi-absorbent surfaces, such as wood, fibre-board. 3. MEASUREMENT OF PAINTING 3.1 Painting, except where otherwise stated, shall be measured in square metres. 3.1.1 No deduction shall be made for openings not exceeding 0.5 m* each, and no addition shall be made for painting to beading, moulding, edges, jambs, soffits, sills, etc, of such openings. 3.2 In case of fabricated structural steel and iron work, priming coat of paint shall be included with fabrication. Subsequent coats. ,of paint shall be measured separately on the basis of weight of steel work and iron work or in square metres. The weight/area of steel sheet, plate and strip; rolled I steel sections, steel rods and steel strips forged steel, steel castings and steel tubes shall be taken from relevant Indian standards. If rivet heads, bolt heads ( with or without washers ), nuts ( with or without washers and including projecting portion of shank ) are picked out in a tint different from that of adjacent work, these shall be enumerated and measured as extra over. NOTE- No addition shall be made to the weight calculated for the purpose of measurement of steel and iron work for the paint applied either in shop or at site. 3.3 Painting work up to 10 cm in width or in girth ana not in conjunction with similar painted work shall be measured in running metres and shall include cutting to line where so required. 5___I-. ..-..- I__-.~ -. _ ____.____ ___ll--.-- 1s : 1200 ( Part 15 ) - 1987 3.3.1 Cutting to line, where not included in the item, shall be measured separately in running metres. 3.4 Small articles up to 0.1 m2 of painted surface, where not in conjunction with similar painted work, shall be enumerated. 3.5 Painting on different types of work shall be kept separate and surfaces to be painted shall be described. It shall be stated whether measurements are flat or girthed. Alternatively, different surfaces may be grouped into one general item, areas of uneven surfaces being converted into equivalent plain areas in accordance witb Table 1. 3.6 Corrugated sheet surfaces and Nainital pattern roof surfaces shall be included with plain surfaces after increasing their areas by the following percentages: a) Corrugated sheets 14 percent b) Nainital pattern roof ( plain sheets with rolls ) 10 percent c) Nainital pattern roof with corrugated sheets 25 percent d) Asbestos cement sheets, corrugated 20 percent e) Asbestos cement sheets, semi-corrugated 10 percent 3.7 Painting on eaves-gutters, rain-water pipes, soil and ventilating pipes and steel poles shall be measured in running metres stating the size or girth. Fittings, such as bends, shoes, branches, heads, etc, shall be included in the length. 3.8 Painting on small articles, such as gate and turn straps, metal ceiling/ roses, metal switch-blocks, heads and nuts or bolts, articles of builder’s hardware and the like when picked out in different tint or not in conjunc- tion with similar painted work shall be enumerated. 3.9 Flag staffs, chimneys, aerial masts ( not latticed ), water tanks, flood light towers, over-head electric masts, spires and the like requiring special scaffolding shall be measured separately stating the size, height and average girth. a 3.10 Painting in repair work up to 1 m2 shall be enumerated in the follow- ing categories: a) Not exceeding 0.1 m2, b) Exceeding 0.1 m2 and not exceeding 0.5 ms, and c) Exceeding 0.5 m2 and not exceeding 1 ms. NOTE- Areas exceeding1 ms hall be measureda s in 2.6. 6IS : 1200 ( Part 15 ) - 1987 TABLE 1 EQUIVALENT PLAIN AREAS OF UNEVEN SURFACES ( Glum? 3.5 ) SL DB~CR~P~~NO F How MEASURED MUL~PLYING No. WORK FACTOR (1) (2) (3) (4) i) Panelled or framed and Measured flat ( not girthed ) 1.30 ( for each side ) braced or ledged and including CHOWKAT or frame. battened or ledged, Edges, chocks, cleats, etc, shall battened and braced be deemed to be included in the joinery item ii) Flushjoinery Measured flat ( not girthed ) 1.20 ( for each side ) including CHO WKAT or frame. Edges, chocks, cleats, etc, shall be deemed to be included in the item iii) Flush shutter Measured tlat overall 1.20 ( for each side iv) Fully glazed or gauzed Measured flat ( not girthed ) in- 0.80 ( for each side joinery cluding CHO WKAT or frame. Edges, chocks, cleats, etc! shall be deemed to be. included In the item v) Partly panelled and Measured flat ( not girthed ) 1 ( for each side ) partly glazed or gauzed including CHOWKAT or frame. joinery Edges, chocks, cleats, etc, shall be deemed to .be included in the item vi) Fully venetianed or Measured flat (not girthed ) I.80 ( for each side ) louvred joinery including CHOWKATor frame. Edges, chocks, cleats, etc, shall be deemed to be included in the item Vii) Weather boarding Measured flat ( not girthed ) 1.20 ( for each side ) supporring frame-w&k shall not be ,measured separately viii) Wood shingle roofing Measured flat ( not girthed ) l-10 ( for each side ) ix) Boarding with cover Measured flat ( not girthed ) I.05 ( for each side ) fiilets and match boarding x) Tile and slate battening Measured flat overall; no de- 0.80 ( for painting all duction shall be made for open over ) spaces xi) Trellis ( or JAFFRI ) Measured flat overall; no de- 2 ( for painting all work one-way or two- duction shall be made for open over) way spaces; suppotting members shall not be measured separately xii) Guard bars, balustrad- Measured flat overall;. no de- 1 ( for painting all es. gates, gratings, duction shall be made for open over ) grills, expanded metal spaces: supporting members and railings shall not be measured separa- tely ( Con hued ) 7is : 1200( Part 15 ) - 1987 TABLE 1 EQUIVALENT PLAIN AREAS OF UNEVEN SURFACES - C’onrd SL DESCRIPTIONO F How MEASURED MU~;JX~NQ No. WORK (1) (2) (3) (4) xiii) Gates and open pali- Measured flat overall ; no de- 1 ( for painting all sade fencing including duction shall be made for open over ) standards, braces, rails, spaces; supporting members stays, etc .shall not be measured separa- tely ( see Note 1 ) xiv) :oy;d or enriched Measured flat 2 ( for each side ) xv) Steel roller shutters Measured flat ( size of open- l-10 ( for each side ) ing ) overall; jamb guides, bottom rails and locking arrangement, etc, shall be in- cluded in the item ( top cover shall be measured separately ) xvi) Plain sheet steel doors Measured flat ( not girthed ) 1.10 ( for each side ) and windows including frame, edges, etc xvii) Fully glazed or gauzed Measured flat ( not girthed ) O-50 ( for each side ) steel doors and win- including frame edges, etc dows xviii) Partly panelled and Measured flat ( not girthed ) O-80 ( for each side ) partly glazed or gauzed including frame edges, etc steel doors xix) Collapsible gate Measured flat (size of opening ) 1.50 ( for painting all over ) NOTE 1 - The height shall be taken from bottom of lowest rail, if palisades, do not go below it or from lower end of palisades, if they project below lowest rail, up to top of palisades, but not up to top of standards if they are higher than palisades. Nom 2 - Where doors, windows, etc, are of composite types other tha n those included in this table, different portrons shall be measured separately with their appropriate coefficients, centre line of common rail being taken as the dividtng line between the two portions. NOTE 3 - Measurement of painting of doors, window, collapsible gates, rolling shutters, etc, as given in this table shall be deemed to include painting, if required, of all iron Gttings in the same shade. NO-~- When two faces of a door, window, etc, are to be treated. with different speciSed finishes, measurable under separate items, edges of frames and shutters shall be treated with the one or the other type of finish and measurement thereof shall be deemed to be included in the measurement of the face treated with that finish. NATE 5 - In case where shutters are fixed on both faces of a frame, measurement for the door frame and shutter on one face shall be taken in the manner already described. while the additional shutter on the other face shall be measured exclusive of the frame. NOTE 6 - Where shutter is provided with clearance exceeding 15 cm at top and/or at bottom, such openings shall be deducted from the overall measurement and relevant coefhcients applied. 8 i : .4. VARNISHING 4.1 Application of sizing, staining and varnishing on wood-work shall be measured in accordance with the work provisions contained in 3. 5. POLISHING 5.1 Polishing on wood-w&k shall be described as including all preparatory work and bodying-in and shall be measured in square me&es in accordance with the provisions contained in 3. Alternatively, articles shall be described and enumerated. 6. PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT 6.1 Surface application of wood preservatives shall be measured in square metres irrespective of girth or size, and the provisions contained in 3 shall be followed. 7. TARRING 7.1 Tarring shall be measured as for painting in accordance with the provisions contained in 3. 8. WRITING LETTERS AND FIGURES 8.1 Letters, figures and similar items shall be enumerated stating height and .form- or style, namely, block, italics, etc; stops, commas, hyphens and the like shall $e deemed to be included in the item.BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg. NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131, 323 3375,323 9402 Fax : 91 11 3234062,Sl 11 3239399,Sl 11 3239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory: Telephone Plot No. 20/S, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 0-77 0632 Regional Offices: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17 Eastern : 1114 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 23 15 TWestern : Manakalaya, ES, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95 MUMBAI 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 389001 5501348 * Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 55 40 21 Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 40 36 27 Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01 Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 53/5 Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 541137 5-&56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 50060~ 20 10 83 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 CUCKNOW 226001 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 26 23 05 1 Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 32 36 35 T.C. No. 14/1421, University P.O. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17 Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, PO. Princep Street, 27 10 85 CALCUTTA 700072 TSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 56002 Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi~ AMENDMENT NO. 1 MAY 2002 TO r IS 1200( Part 15 ) :1987 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS PART 15 PAINTING, POLISHING, VARNISHING,ETC (Fourth Reviswn ) [Page6,clause 3.6(a)] — Substitute thefollowing fortheexisting: a) M.S. andG.I. corrugated sheets 14percent [Page 6,clause 3.6(e)] — Insert the following after (e): f) Aluminium corrugated sheet 12percent (Page 8,TaLdel,Note6)— Insert the following after Note 6 ‘NOTE7 — Multiplicationfaetm whichmaybeneededfor otherintermediatecaaea whicharenotcoveredinabove,maybearrivedatinlinewiththefaetorareeormnended inthetable,’ (CED 44 ) ReprographyUnit,BIS,NewDelhi,India
875_4.pdf	IS : 875 ( Part 4 ) - 1987 Indian Standard ( Reaffirmed 1997 ) CODE OF PRACTICE,FOR DESIGN LOADS ( OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE ) FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES PART 4 SNOW LOADS (Second Revision) . Fourtll Rcprjnt OCTOBER 1997 UDC 624.042-42 : 006.7 @ Copyright 1988 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 4 October 1988IS:875(Bart4)-1987 fndian Standard CODEOFPRACTICE FOR DESIGNLOADS(OTHERTHANEARTHQUAKE) FORBUILDINGSAND STRUCTURES r. PART 4 SNOW LOADS (Second Revision) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part4 ) ( Second committee in consultation with the Indian Meteo- Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian rological Department. In addition to this, new Standards on 9 November 1987, after the draft clauses on wind loads for butterfly type structures finalized by the Structural Safety Sectional were included; wind pressure coefficients for Committee had been approved by the Civil sheeted roofs, both curved and sloping, were Engineering Division Council. modified; seismic load provisions were deleted ( separate code having been prepared ) and metric 0.2 A building has to perform many functions system of weights and measurements was adopted. satisfactorily. Amongst these functions are the utility of the building for the intended use and 0.3.1 With the increased adoption of the Code, occupancy. structural safety, fire safety; and a number of comments were received on the pro- compliance with hygienic, sanitation, ventilation visions on live load values adopted for different and daylight standards. The design of the build- occupancies. Simultaneously live loads surveys ing is dependent upon the minimum requirements have been carried out in America, Canada and prescribed for each of the above functions. The other countries to arrive at realistic live loads minimum requirements pertaining to the structural based on actual determination of loading( mov- safety of buildings are being covered in this Code able and immovable ) in different occupancies. by way of laying down minimum design loads which Keeping this in view and other developments in have to be assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, the field of wind engineering, the Sectional Com- wind loads, snow loads and other external loads, mittee responsible for the preparation of this the structure would be required to bear. Strict standard has decided to prepare the second conformity to loading standards recommended in revision in the following five parts: this Code, it is hoped, will not only ensure the structural safety of the buildings which are being Part 1 Dead Loads designed and constructed in the country and Part 2 Imposed Loads thereby reduce the hazards to life and property caused by unsafe structures, but also eliminate the Part 3 Wind Loads wastage caused by assuming unnecessarily heavy Part 4 Snow Loads loadings. Notwithstanding what is stated regarding the structural safety of buildings, the application of Part 5 Special Loads and Load Combinations the provisions should be carried out by compe- tent and responsible structural designer who would Earthquake load is covered in IS : 1893-1984* satisfy himself that the structure designed in which should be considered along with the above accordance with this code meets the desired loads. performance requirements when the same is carried out according to specifications. 0.3.2 This part ( Part 4 ) deals with snow loads on roofs of buildings. 0.3 This Code was first published in 1957 for the The committee responsible for the prepara- guidance of civil engineers, designers and archi- tion of the code while reviewing the available tects associated with the planning and design of buildings. It included the provisions for the snow-fall data, felt the paucity of data on which basic design loads ( dead loads, live loads, wind to make specific recommendations on the depth loads and seismic loads ) to be assumed in the of ground snow load for different regions effected design of buildings. In its first revision in 1964, by snow-fall, In due course the characteristic the wind pressure provisions were modified on the basis of studies of wind phenomenon and its Criteria for earthquake resistant designing of strue- effects on structures undertaken by the special trues (fourth revision ). 1IS:875(Part4)-1987 snow load on ground for different regions will ‘Basis for design of structures - Determination be included based on studies. of snow loads on roofs’, issued by the Interna- tional Organization for Standardization. 0.4 This part is based on IS0 4355-198 1 ( E ) 1. SCOPE where s = design snow load in Pa on plan area 1.1 This standard (Part 4) deals with snow loads of roof, on roofs of buildings. Roofs should be designed for the actual load due to snow or for the &posed p = shape coefficient ( see 4), and loads specified in Part 2 Imposed loads, whichever so = ground snow load in Pa is more severe. ( 1 Pa = lN/ma ). NOTB - Mountainous regions in northern parts of India are subjected to snow-fall. thN e O cT rE i t- ic aG l r co ou mn bd i ns an tio .mw l oo fa td h ea t m a an xy i mpl uac me dd ee pp te hn d ofs uo nn - In India, parts of Jammu and Kashmir ( Baramulah disturbed aggregate cumulative snow-fall and its District, Srinagar District, Anantnag District and average density. In due course the characteristic snow Ladakh District ); Punjab, Himachal Pradesh load on ground for different regions will be included ( Chamba, Kulu, Kinnaur District, Mahasu District, based on studies. Till such time the users of this Mandi District, Sirmur District and Simla District ); standard are advised to contanct either Snow and and Uttar Pradesh ( Dehra Dun District, Tehri Garhwal Avalanches Study Establishment ( Defence Research District, Almora District and Nainital District ) experi- and Development Organization ) Manali ( HP) or ence snow-fall of varying depths two to three times in Indian Meteorological Department ( IMD ), Pune in the absence of any specific information for any a year. location. 2. NOTATIONS 4. SHAPE COEFFICIENTS p ( Dimensionless) - Nominal values of the 4.1 General Principles shape coefficients, tak- ing into account snow In perfectly calm weather, falling snow would drifts, sliding snow, cover roofs and the ground with a uniform blanket etc, with subscripts, if of snow and the design snow load could be consi- necessary. derd as .a uniformly distributed load. Truly uni- form loading conditions, however, are rare and Ij ( in metres ) - Horizontal dimensions have usually only been observed in areas that are with numerical sub- sheltered on all sides by high trees, buildings, etc. scripts, if necessary. In such a case, the shape coefficient would be equal to untiy. hj ( in metres ) - Vertical dimensions In most regions, snow falls are accompanied with numerical sub- or followed by winds. The winds will redistribute . scripts, if necessary. the snow and on some roofs, especially multi- level roofs, the accumulated drift load may reach fii (in degrees) - Roof slope. a multiple of the ground load. Roofs which are sheltered by other buildings, vegetation, etc, may so (in pascals ) - Snow load on ground. collect more snow load than the ground level. The phenomenon is of the same nature as that SI ( in pascals ) - Snow load on roofs. illustrated for multilevel roofs in 4.2.4. 3. SNOW LOAD IN ROOF (S) So far sufficient data are not available to deter- mine the shape coefficient in a statistical basis. 3.1 The minimum design snow load on a roof Therefore, a nominal value is given. A representa- area or any other area above ground which is tive sample of rcof is shown in 4.2. However, in subjected to snow accumulation is obtained by special cases such as strip loading, cleaning of the multiplying the snow load on ground, s, by the roof periodically by deliberate heating of the roof, shape coefficient CL, as applicable to the particular etc, have to be treated separately. roof area considered. The distribution of snow in the direction S=c(S0 parallel to the eaves is assumed to be uniform. 24.2 Shape Coefficients for Selected Types of Roofs 4.2.1 Simple Flat and Simple Pitched Roofs Monopitch Roofs (Positive Roof Slope) t+.= p, =O.% p, = 0.8 t'2~=0.8+04(~) jL, =08 4.2.2 Simple or Multiple Pitched Roofs Two-Span or Multispan (Negative Roof Slope) Roofs E o<p<3l Pl** 3&#<6 pp1-6 49>60* m-0 l For.asymmetrical simple Pitched roofs, each side of the roof shall be treated as me half of corresponding symmetwal roofs. 3Is:875(Partl)-1987 4.2.3 Simple Curved Roofs The following cases 1 and 2 must be examined: CASE 2 Restriction: h<F3 a-OifB>60’ 4Is:875(Part4)-1987 4.2.4 Multilevel Roofs* 91 = 0’8 Bs = Ps + Pa where A - due to sliding pw - due to wind 1, = 2ht but is restricted as follows: SmCls<lSm 11 + f, < kh PW=T - SO with the restriction 0.8 < pw ( 4’0 where h is in metres so is in kilopascals ( kilonewtons per square metre ) k =2kN/m8 p > 19” : ps is determined from an additional load amounting to SO percent of the maximum total load on the adjacent slope of the upper roofs, and is distributed linearly as shown on the figure. B < 15” : ps = 0 *A more extensive formula for pw is described in Appendix A. tlf 1~ < I,. the coe5cient p is determined by interpolation between JJ, and ps. SThe load on the upper roof is calculated according to 4.2.1 or 4.2.2. 54.25 Complex Multilevel Roofs c 1, - 2h1: h - 2h,: p1 - 0’8 Restriction: Sm< I,< Urn; Sm<b<lSm; 11 and BW ( ccl + calculated according to 4.2.1,4.2.2 and 4.2.4. @W ), are 6I.S:875(Part4)-1987 4.2.6 Roofs with Local Projections and Obstructions where /I is in metres sO is in kilopascals (kilonewtons per square metre) k I= 2 kN/ma /I1 = 0.8 1=2/l Kestrictions: 0’8 < /Ia < 2-O Sm41615m 4.3 Shape Coefficients in Areas Exposed to Wind a) Winter calm valleys in the mountains where some- times layer after layer of snow accumulates on The shape coefficients given in 4.2 and Appen- roofs without any appreciable removal of snow by dix A may be reduced by 25 percent provided the wind; and designer has demonstrated that the following con- b) Areas (that is, high temperature) where the maxi- ditions are fulfilled: mum snow load may be the result of single snow- storm, occasionally without appreciable wind 4 The building is located in an exposed removal. location such as open level terrain with In such areas, the determination of the shape coeffi- only scattered buildings, trees or other cients shall be based on local experience with due obstructions so that the roof is exposed regard to the likelihood of wind drifting and sliding. to the winds on all sides and is ndt 5. ICE LOAD ON WIRES likely to become shielded in the future by obstructions higher than the roof 5.1 Ice loads are required to be taken into account within a distance from the building equal in the design of overhead electrical-transmission to ten times the height of the obstruction and communication lines, over-head contact lines above the roof level; for electric traction, aerial masts and similar structures in zones subjected to ice formation. b) The roof does not have any significant The thickness of ice deposit alround may be taken projections such as parapet walls which to be between 3 and 10 mm depending upon the may prevent snow from being blown off location of the structure. The mass density of the roof. ice may be assumed to be equal to O-9 g/cm”. NOTE - In some areas, winter climate may not be While considering the wind force on wires and of such a nature as to produce a significant reduction cables, the increase in diameter due to ice forma- of roof loads from the snow load on the ground. These areas are: tion shall be taken into consideration. 7IS:875(Part4)-1987 APPENDIX A ( Clauses 42.4 and 4.3 ) SHAPE COEFFICIENTS FOR MULTILEVEL ROOFS A more comprehensive formula for the shape coefficient for multilevel roofs than that given in 4.2.4 is as follows: -OIR-ECTIO WNSIN0 c Pr -1+ + ( ml iI + mI 1, )( 1, - 2 h ) Cl = 0’8 i,=hh fh and I being in metres) Restriction : where so is in kilopascals (kilonewtons per square metre) k is in newtons per cubic metre I,< ISm Values of m, ( mr ) for the higher ( lower ) roof depend on its profile and are taken as equal to: 0.5 for plane roofs with slopes @ < 20’ and vaulted roofs with f< +- 0’3 for plane roofs with slopes p > 20” and vaulted roofs with f >$ The coefficients m, and ma may be adjusted to take into account conditions for transfer of snow on the roof surface ( that is, wind, temperature, etc. ). NOTE - The other condition of loading also shall be tried.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary detaik, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 3230131,323 33 75,323 9402 (Common toall offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17,323 38 41 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,337 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 9120 Northern : SCO.335336, Sector 34-A CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 160 20 25 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 1235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 {832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAlPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed by Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi
9901_3.pdf	IS :9 901( Part III ) - 1981 hdian Standard MEASUREMENT OF SOUND INSULATION IN BUILDINGS AND OF BUILDING ELEMENTS PART III LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDrNG ELEMENTS Acoustics Sectional Committee, LTDC 5 Chairman DR M. PANCHOLY Emeritus Scientist, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012 Members Representing DR K. ACHYUTHAN Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHRI R. S. VOHRA ( Alternate ) SHRI SANDEEPA HUJA Ahuja Radios, New Delhi SHRI S. P. JERATH ( Alternate ) COL T. R. BHALOTRA Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) LT COL KISHAN LAL ( Alternate ) DR A. F. CHHAPGAR National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi SHRI TEK CHANDANI( Alternate ) DR P. N. GUPTA Department of Electronics, New Delhi SHRI R. K. JAIN Electronic Component Industries Association ( ELCINA ), New Delhi SHRI L. K. VISHWANATH( Alternate ) SHRI K. S. KALIDA.S Railway Board, New Delhi Srmr V. JAYARAMAN( Alternate ) SHRI J. S. MON~A Botton Industrial Corporation, New Delhi SHRI M. S. MONGA I Alternate 1 SHRI B. C. MUKHERJEE ’ National Test House, Calcutta SHRI J. K. BHA~ACHARYA ( Alternate ) DR ( KUMARI) SHAILAJAN IKAM All India Institute of Speech & Hearing, Mysore SHRI K. D. PAVATE Central Electronics Engineermg Research Institute ( CSIR 1. Pilani SHRI M. R. KAPOOR ( Alternate ) ’ ‘. SHRXA . V. RAMANAN Films Division, Bombay RESEARCHE NGINEER Directorate General of All India Radio, New Delhi SHRI M. SANKARALINGAM Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI R. S. ARORA (Alternate) SHRI SARWANK UMAR Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi SHRI K. CHANRACHLJDA(N A lternate ) ( Continued on baec 2 j 0 Cofiyright 1982 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 9981( ParUII ) - 1981 ( Continucd from page 1) Members Rejresenting SHRI M. N. SHUKLA Posts and Telegraphs Board, New Delhi SHRI S. K. TANDON ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDENSTU RVEYORO F Central Public Works Department, New Delhi WORKS (FOOD) SHRI L. K. VISHWANATH Peico Electronics & Electricals Ltd, Bombay; and The Radio Electronics & Television Manu- facturers’ Association, Bombay SHRI K. D’SA ( Alternate ) SHRIR. C. JAIN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o#cio Member ) Head ( Electronics ) Secretary SHRI PAVAN KUMAR Assistant Director ( Electronics ), IS1IS:99Ol(PartM)-1981 Indian Standard MEASUREMENT OF SOUND INSULATION IN BUILDINGS AND OF BUILDING ELEMENTS PART III LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF AIRBORNE SOUND INSULATION OF BUILDING ELEMENTS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 26 October 1981, after the draft finalized by the Acoustics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Electronics and Tele- communication Division Council. 0.2 This standard, which covers laboratory measurements of airborne sound-insulation of building elements is a part of a series of Indian Standards on measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. Other standards in this series are: Part I Requirements for laboratories Part II Statement of precision requirements Part IV Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between rooms Part V Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of facade elements and facades Part VI Laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation of floors Part VII Field measurements of impact sound insulation of floors Part VIII Laboratory measurements of the reduction of transmitted impact noise by floors coverings on a standard floor. 0.3 The test results obtained can be used to design building elements with appropriate acoustical properties, to compare the sound insulation pro- perties of building elements and to classify such elements according to their sound insulation properties. 0.4 While preparing this standard, assistance has been derived from ISO/DIS 140/111 ‘Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements: Part III Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization. 3IS.:99Ol(PartIII)-1981 0.5 In reporting the result of a test made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part III ) specifies a laboratory method of measuring the airborne sound insulation of building elements such as walls, floors, doors, windows, facade elements and facades. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard the terms and definitions given in IS : 1885 ( Part III/Set 8 )-1974t shall apply in addition to the following. 2.1 Average Sound Pressure Level in a Room-Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the sound pressure squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of the bounda- ries ( wall, etc ) is of significant influence. This quantity is denoted by L: P,2+P22+ . . . . . . . . . +P,2 dB L- 10 log,0 . . ...... (1) nPo2 where P,) P2, . . . . . . . . . P, are the rms sound pressures at n different positions in the room; and P,, = 20 pPa is the reference sound pressure. 2.2 Sound Reduction Index, Transmistiion Loss -Ten times the common logarithm of the sound power W, incident on a test specimen to the sound power W, transmitted through the specimen. This quantity is denoted by R: R= 10 log,,,$dB . . . . . . . . . (2) 2 The sound reduction index depends on the angle of incidence. If the sound fields are diffuse and if the sound is transmitted only through the specimen, the sound reduction index for diffuse incidence may be evaluated from Rules for rounding off numerical values ( reuiscd ). tElectrotechnica1 vocabulary: Part III Acoustics, Section 8 Architectural acoustics. 4IS : 9901( Part III ) - 1981 R=L,-L,+lO log,,,;dB . . . . . . . . . (3) where L, = the average sound pressure level in the source room; L, = the average sound pressure level in the receiving room; S =the area of the test specimen, which is normally equal to the free test opening; and A =the equivalent absorption area in the receiving room. NOTE - If the sound fields are not completely diffuse, equation (3) is an approximation. 2.3 Apparent Sound Reduction Index; Apparent Transmission Loss - Ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the sound power W, incident on a partition under test to the total sound power W, trans- mitted into the receiving room. This quantity is denoted by R’: R’= 10 log,, $dB . . . . . . . . . (4) 3 In general, the sound power transmitted into the receiving room consists of the sum of the following components: WDd = which has entered the partition directly and is radiated from it directly; -WDf = which has entered the partition directly, but is radiated from flanking constructions; WFd = which has entered flanking constructions and is radiated from the partition directly; WFf = which has entered -flanking constructions and is radiated from flanking constructions; and weak = which has been transmitted ( as airborne sound ) through leaks, ventilation ducts, etc. Also in this case, under the assumption of diffuse sound fields in the two rooms, the apparent reduction index may be evaluated from: R’=L,-L,flOlog,,-A- ’ dB . . . . . . . . . (5) Thus, in the apparent sound reduction index the sound power transmitted into the receiving room is related to the sound power incident on the common partition as in equation (3) irrespective of actual conditions of transmission. 5IS : 9901 ( Part III ) - 1981 3. EQUIPMENT 3.1 The equipment shall be suitable for meeting the requirements of 6. 4. TEST ARRANGEMENT 4.1 Reams - Laboratory test facilities shall meet the requirements of IS : 9901 (Part I )-1981. 4.2 Test Specimen 4.2.1 Partitions 4.2.1.1 The size of the test partition is determined by the size of the test opening of the laboratory test facility, as defined in IS : 9901 ( Part I )- 1981. These sizes are approximately 10m2 for walls, and between lOm2 and 2Om2 for floors, with the shorter edge length for both walls and floors not less than 2.3 m. 4.2.1.2 A smaller size may be used if the wavelength of free flexural -waves at the lowest frequency considered is smaller than half the minimum dimension of the specimen. The smaller the specimen, however, the more sensitive the results will be to edge constraint condition and to local variation in sound field. NOTE-The test partition should preferably be installed in a manner as similar as possible to the actual construction with a careful simulation of normal con- nections and sealing conditions at the perimeter and at joints within the partition. The mounting conditions shall be stated in the test report. 4.2.1.3 If the test specimen is installed in an aperture between the source room and the receiving room, aperture depths on each side shall be approximately equal, unless this is inconsistent with the practical use of the test specimen ( for example windows in facades ). 4.2.1.4 In laboratories with suppressed radiation from flanking ele- ments, the sound transmitted by any indirect path should be negligible compared with the sound transmitted through the test specimen. NOTE 1 -For special laboratory facility, the value of R’,,, shall be measured. This may be done by measuring R’ with a highly insulating construction inserted in the test opening. If further improvements of the insulating properties of this construction give no increase in R’, this value of R’ is considered as R’,,. If the measured value of R’ for a test specimen is less than ( R’,,-5 dB ), the indirect transmitted sound may be considered negligible. Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements: Part I Require ments for laboratories. 6IS:99Ol(PartIII)-1981 If R’ is larger than ( R’,,- 5 dB ) the contribution of the flanking transmission for this special case shall be investigated with one of the methods mentioned in Appendix A. NOTE 2 -If the test specimen is smaller than the test opening, a preliminary test shall be carried out to ensure that energy transmitted through the surrounding partition is small compared with the energy transmitted through the test specimen. This may be checked by the method described in A-l of Appendix A. 4.2.2 Doors, Windows, Facade Elements and Facades 4.2.2.1 The test specimen shall be tested in the same manner as parti- tions. If the test specimen is smaller than the test opening, a special partition of sufficiently high sound insulation shall be built in the test opening and the specimen shall be placed in that partition. The sound transmitted through this partition and any other indirect path shall be negligible compared to the sound transmitted through the test specimen ( see Appendix A ) . 4.2.2.2 For windows, doors, etc, the area S is the area of the free opening in which the element ( including a possible frame and sealing ) is mounted. NOTE- As the sound insulation of windows, doors and small facade elements depends on their dimensions, accurate values can be obtained only by measuring every actual size. 4.2.2.3 Doors shall be so inserted that the lower edge is situated directly above the floor of the test rooms according to the conditions in the field. 4.2.2.4 If the test specimen is intended to be openable, it shall be installed for test so that it can be opened and closed in the normal manner. It shall be opened and closed at least 10 times immediately before testing. 5. TEST PROCEDURE AND EVALUATION 5.1 Generation of Sound Field in the Source Room 5.1.1 The sound generated in the source room shall be steady and have a continuous spectrum in the frequency range considered. Filters with a bandwidth of at least one third-octave may be used. 5.1.2 The sound power shall be sufficiently high so that the sound pressure level in the receiving room is at least 10 dB higher than the back- ground level in any frequency band. 7IS : 9901( Part III ) - 1981 5.1.3 If the sound source contains more than one loudspeaker operating simultaneously, the loudspeakers shall be contained in one enclosure, the maximum dimension of which shall not exceed 0.7 m. The loud- speakers shall be driven in phase. 5.1.4 The loudspeaker enclosure shall be so placed as to give a sound field as diffuse as possible and at such a distance from the test specimen that the direct radiation upon it is not dominant. 5.2 Measurement of the Average Sound Pressure Level 5.2.1 The average sound pressure level may be obtained by using a number of fixed microphone positions or a continuously moving micro- phone with an integration of P2. ~5.3 Frequency Range of Measurements 5.3.1 The sound pressure level shall be measured using third-octave band filters. The discrimination characteristics of the filters should be in accordance with IS : 6964-1973. 5.3.2 Third-octave band filters having at least the following centre frequencies ( in Hz ) shall be used: 100, 125, 160, 200, 250, 315, 400, 500, 630, 800, 1000, 1250, 1600, 2 000, 2 500 and 3 150. NOTE 1 -Use of lower frequency is dependent on the distribution of natural frequency. NOTE 2 -The minimum reverberation times for the empty room are adjusted to a volume of 180 m3. For other volumes, these times shall be multiplied by the factor ( V/l80 )‘I3 ( V being the volume of the room expressed in cubic meters ) except at high frequencies, where the air absorption is the predominant factor influencing the decay rate. 5.4 Measurement and Evaluation of the Equivalent Absorption Area 5.4.1 The correction term of equation (3), containing the equivalent absorption area, may preferably be evaluated from the reverberation time measured according to IS : 8225J976t and evaluated using Sabine’s formula : A =o- 163V - . . . . . . . . . (6) Y- where A is the equivalent absorption area, in square metres; V is the receiving room volume, in cubicmetres; and T is the reverberation time, in seconds. Octave, half-octave and third-octave band filters for analysis of sound and vibrations. tMethod of measurement of absorption coefficient in a reverberation room. 8IS : 9901 ( Part I33 ) - 1981 5.4.2 An alternative method ~of taking the equivalent absorption area into account is to measure the average sound pressure level produced by a sufficiently stable sound source the power output of which is known. 5.5 Measurement Procedure 5.5.1 A test procedure which complies with the standard shall be deter- mined. 5.5.2 The necessary criteria which affect the repeatability of the measure- ments are given below: 4 Number and sizes of diffusing elements; b) Number of sound sources; 4 Position(s) of the sound source or sources; 4 Minimum distance between microphone and sound source(s) and microphone and room boundaries with regard to near fields; 4 Number of microphone positions or, in the case of a moving micro- phone, the microphone path; f-1 Averaging time of the levels; and g> Method for determining the equivalent absorption area which involves a number of repeated readings in each position. An example of typical test conditions is given in Appendix B. 6. PRECISION 6.1 It is required that the measurement procedure shall give satisfactory repeatability. This can be determined in accordance with the method shown in IS : 9901 ( Part I )-1981* and shall be checked from time to time, particularly when a change is made in procedure of instrumentation. NOTE- Numerical requirements for repeatability are under consideration pending further experience with this test procedure. 7. EXPRESSION OF RESULTS 7.1 For the statement of the airborne sound insulation of the test specimen, the sound reduction index shall be given at all frequencies of measurement in tabular form and/or in the form of a curve. For graphs with the level in decibels plotted against frequency on a logarithmic scale, the length for a 10 : 1 frequency ratio shall be equal to the length for 10 dB, 25 dB or 50 dB on the ordinate scale. Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements: Part I Require- ments for laboratories. 9IS : 9901 ( Part III ) - 1981 8. TEST REPORT 8.1 The test report shall state: Name of organization that has performed the measurements; Date of test; Description of test specimen with sectional drawing and mounting conditions, including size, thickness, mass per unit area and curing time ( if any ) of components; Volume of both reverberant rooms; Type of noise and filters used; Sound reduction index of test specimen as a function of frequency; Brief description of details of procedure and equipment ( see 6.5 ) ; Limit of measurement in case the sound pressure level in any band is not measurable on account of background noise ( acoustical or electrical ) ; If the measured value of sound reduction index has been affected by flanking transmission, the value of R’,, ( see Appendix A ) should be given and those results affected by flanking transmission should be indicated; Total loss factor qtotat - if measured ( see Appendix C ) - at all frequencies of measurement in tabular form and/or in the form of a curve. With respect to the evaluation of a single value from the curve R ( f ), see ‘Indian Standard specification for rating of sound insulation for dwellings’ (under preparation). APPENDIX A [Clauses 4.2.1.4, 4.2.2.1 and 8.1 (j)] MEASUREMENT OF FLANKING TRANSMISSION A-l. If the flanking transmission has to be investigated, this may be done in either of the following ways: A-l.1 By covering the specimen on both sides by additional flexible layers, for example 13 mm gypsum board on a separate frame at a distance which gives a resonance frequency of the system of layer and airspace well below the frequency range of interest. The airspace shall contain the absorbing material. With this measurement Wm, WFd and WD~ are suppressed, and the measured apparent reduction index is determined by Ww. Addi- tional flexible layers, over particular flanking surfaces, may permit identi- fication of the major flanking paths. 10IS : 9901 ( Part IJ.I ) - 1981 A-l.2 By measuring the average velocity levels of the specimen and the flanking surfaces in the receiving room. The average surface velocity level L of the specimen in decibels is 10 times the common logarithm of the ratio of the average of the mean square normal surface velocity of the specimen to the square of the reference velocity: ‘-vn2dB L,= 10 log,oulz+v;~ . . . ..... (7) OZ where U,, v2 . ..vn. are the rms normal surface velocities at n different positions on the wall or ceiling; and v,=5 x 10-E ms-1 is the reference velocity. The vibration transducer used shall be well attached to the surface and its mass impedance shall be sufficiently low compared with the point impedance of the surface. If the critical frequency of the specimen or the flanking objects is low compared with the frequency range of interest, the power Wk radiated from a particular element k with area & in the receiving room may be esti- mated from the formula wk = jdk’ Vk* Uk.. . . . . . . . (8) where Vk* is the spatial average of the mean square of the normal surface velocity; is the radiation efficiency, a pure number of about 1 above uk the critical frequency; and PC is the characteristic impedance of air. If the power radiated from the flanking constructions is determined in this way, the measurement can be used to calculate, for instance, R’Df+Fr= 10 log,, wmyWFf dB . . . . . . . . . (9) 11IS : 9901 ( Part III ) - 1981 APPENDI~X B (Clause 5.5.2 ) EXAMPLE OF TEST PROCEDURE B-l. An example of a test procedure which will normally be expected to give satisfactory repeatability is given below. B-l.1 When the rooms have a similar shape and volume of about 50 ma, each will contain at least 3 randomly orientated diffusing elements or an equivalent area of rotating vane, the former having a typical edge length of 1.2 m each. B-l.2 One loudspeaker is placed separately in 2 different corners opposite the test specimen ( but not directed at it ) such that with 6 microphone positions randomly distributed throughout each room 3 can have readings taken for each loudspeaker position, using an averaging time of 5 s in each frequency band at each position. The loudspeaker is fed with white noise in one third-octave bands. In the microphone channel one third-octave band filter is used as well. No microphone position shall be nearer than O-7 m to the room boundaries -or diEusers. B-l.3 As an alternative, the sound field sampling procedure can be ca.rried lout using a rotating microphone device having a sweep radius between 1 m and 1.5 m. In this case, the plane of the traverse is inclined in relation to the room boundaries and the device shall have an averaging time equal to the traverse time, which shall be a minimum of 30 s. B-l.4 The equivalent absorption area shall be determined from readings taken using 3 microphone positions with 2 reverberation time analyses at each position. 12IS:99Ol(PartIII)-1981 APPENDIX C [Clause 8.1 ( k) ] GHEGKING THE LOSS FACTOR Ttotd OF T-HE PARTITION G-1. For the frequency region above the critical frequency, the total loss factor of the partition is important for its sound reduction index. The total loss factor is influenced by the boundary conditions and may be checked by measuring the reverberation time of the partition as a function of frequency. Th e partition shall then be excited by a shaker driven by white noise in third-octave bands. From the measurements, the loss factor is calculated from the following equation: where f is the third-octave band centre frequency; and I is the reverberation time of the partition. 13IN-DDIAN STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS IS: 1301-1958 Code of safety requirements for electric mains-operated audio amplifiers 1490-1959 Recommendations for minimum performance requirements of mains-operated public address amplifiers 1819-1961 Recommendations for general requirements of public address amplifiers 1881-1961 Code of practice for installation of indoor amplifying and sound distribution systems 1882-1961 Code of practice for outdoor installation of public address systems 1885 Electrotechnical Vocabulary: ( Part III/Set 1 )-1965 Physical acoustics ( Part III/Set 2 )-1966 Acoustical and electro-acoustical systems ( Part III/Set 4 )-I966 Sonics, ultrasonics and underwater acoustics ( Part III/Set 5 )-1966 Speech and hearing ( Part III/Set 6 )-1967 Acoustical instruments ( Part III/Set 7 )-1978 Music ( Part III/Set 8 )-1974 Architectural acoustics 2032 ( Part XII j-1969 Graphical symbols used in electro-technology: Part XII Electro- acoustic transducers and recording and reproducing syytems 2264-1963 Preferred frequencies for acoustical measurements 2382-1970 Recommended mounting dimensions of loudspeakers ( jirst rez~irio)n 3028-1980 Methods ofmeasurements of noise emitted by moving road vehicles (first nvision) 3641-1976 Method of measurements on hearing aids (,jrst revision ) 4242-1967 Method of measurement of acoustical noise emitted by ballasts for gaseous discharge lamps 4406- 1967 General reauirements for hear&z aids 4482-1967 Hearing aids 4755-1968 Reference zero for the calibration of pure tone audiometers 4758-1968 Methods of measurement of noise emitted by machines 6098-1971 Method of measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical machinery 6229-1980 Methods of measurement of real-ear protection of hearing protectors and physical attenuation of earmuffs (jut revision) 6964-l 973 Octave, half-octave and third-octave band filters for analysis ~of sound and vibrations 7136-1973 Megaphones 7194-1973 Assessment of noise exposure during work for hearing conservation purposes E?1g7St5and ard hydrophone , . -- loudspeakers 7741 ( Part I )-I975 General requirements and tests 7741 ( Part II )-I975 Direct radiator moving coil loudspeakers 7741 ( Part III )-1975 Pressure unit operated horn loudspeakers 7741 ( Part IV )-1977 Loudspeakers for community radio receivers 8146-1976 Method of measurement of reverberation time in auditoria 8159-1976 Scales and sizes for plotting frequency characteristics and polar diagram 8225-1976 Method of measurement of absorption coefficient in a reverberation room 9098-1979 Pure tone audiometers 9lllg-1979 Ear protectors Charactertstics and methods of measurement for sound system equipment 9302 ( Part I )-1979 General 9302 ( Part II )-1979 Amplifiers 9302 ( Part III )-1981 Microphones 9302 ( Part IX/Set 1 )-1980 Programme level meters, Section 1 General 9302 ( Part IX/Set 2 )-I980 Programme level meters, Section 2 Peak programme meters, Type 1 9302 ( Part IX/Set 3 j-1981 Programme level meters, Section 3 Peak programme meters, Type 2 9302 ( Part X )-I980 Preferred matching values for the interconnection of sound system components 9671-1980 Frequency weighting for the measurement of aircrafts noise ( D-weighting ) 9779-1981 Sound level meters
948.pdf	IS:948-1983 Indian Standard FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER TENDER 1 YPE ‘A’ F-OR FIRE BRIGADE USE ( Second Revision ) Fire Fighting Sectional Committee, BDC 22 Chairman Rcprewating SHRI G. B. MENON Ministry of Home Affairs Members SHRI MAHESII C. A~ARWAL Brijbasi Udyog, Mathura SHRI P. S. BANERJEE (Alternate) SHRI S. R. BANSAL Steel Authority of India ( Bokaro Steel Plant ), Bokaro SHRI A. CHATTERJEE Tariff Advisory Committee, Bombay SRRI F. B. SANJANA ( Alternate ) D E P u T Y INSPECTOR GENERAL Ministry of Railways ( RPSE ) ASSISTANT SEOURITY OFFIOER ( FIRE ) I NORTHERN RAILWAY 1 ( Alt&& ) SH~I V. P. DEWAN Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) LT.COL V. R. BANAHATI (Alternate) SHRI R. R. DEOBLEY Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay DI~EOTOR Home Department ( Fire Service ), Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( FIRE SEEVICES) Home ( Police) Department, Government of Andbra Pradesh, Hyderabad DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( FIR& SEBVICES ) ( Altrrnatc ) SHZ~IG . N. GIDW~I Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SRRI D. N. PANDIT ( Altcrnatc ) San1 A. K. GUPTA Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee San1 K. K. DAS GUPTA West Bengal Fire Services, Calcutta ( Continuede n page 2 ) Q co@ri&t 1983 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian CJe@ight Act (XXV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the aaid Act.181018-1333 ( Conrinurdf rom pup 1 j Mtmbers Represantinc SARI J. S. JAYSHICDJI Steelagc Industrias Limited ( Minimax Division ), Bombay SHBI C. GHA~~ABA~ ( Altsmdr ) SHRIS.N.KUNDU Fire and Safety Appliances Co, Calcutta MANAQINQ DIRECTOR Avon Services ( P&A ) Private Ltd, Bombay TEOHNIOALEXECUTIVE (Alternuts) SHRIB.R.MEHTA The ~nstrstution of Fire Engineers ( India ), New ff SHRI A.N. AHLUWALIA (Alternate) COL S. A. MOHILE Ministry of Defence ( R&D ) Srrnr A. K. STJRI ( Alternate ) SHRI M. MUEEERJI Steel Authority of India ( Rourkela Steel Plant ), Rourkela SHRI C. D. SEARMA ( Alternate ) SHRI V. B. NIKAM Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay ( Bombay Fire Brigade ), Bombay SERI P. N. PANCHAL Central Industrial Security Force (Ministry of Home Affairs), New Delhi SERI P. L. SEBASTIN Oil h Natural Gas Commission, Dehra Dun SHRI V.V. KIMMATKAR( Altemue) SHR1P.H. SETHNA Kooverji Devshi and Co Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRI N. T. PANJW~I ( Alfcmufa ) Snnr D. K. SIBKAB Synthetics and Chemicals Ltd, Bareilly SHSI CHANDRAKANT M. SHAH Zenith Fire Services, Bombay SHRI M. H. SHAH ( Aftcrnatr ) SHRI J. v. SHAH Newage Industries, .Surendranagar ( Gujarat ) SHRI B. J. SHAH ( Aftcrnutr) SmuS.S.L. SEARMA Municipal Corporation of Delhi ( Delhi Fire Services ), Delhi SHRI R. K. BHARDWAJ (Altarnate ) SHRI TARIT SUR Sur Enamel % Stamping Works Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. Sun ( Altaaatd) Snnr SUSHIL KUMAR Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SERIS. VENKMWAMY Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi SHRI B. V. WAQLE Urban Development, Public Health and Housing Department, Government of Malaararhtra, Bombay ‘ SERI V. H. MADXAIKAR (Alt&rc) SBRI G. RAMAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oJcie A&ah ) Director ( Civ Engg ) SHRI K. M. h’fATEUIt Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), 1.51FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WATER TENDER TYPE ‘A’ FOR FIRE BRIGADE USE ( Second Revision3 0. FadEWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards lnstitution on 15 March i983, after the draft finalized by the Fire Fighting Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Water tenders type ‘A’ are used in rural areas. This standard was first published in 1959 ‘and revised in i970. At that time mostly petrol engine driven chassis was used for this type of vehicle which was having payload of 5 tonnes. Even the diesel trucks were used in the transition period, and payload of these chassis increased from 5 tonnes. Keeping in mind 5 tonnes payload of the chassis, water tank capacity was pegged at 2 700 litres and other parameters like acceleration were set accordingly. Keeping in mind the latest trend having the fire engine on diesel driven chassis which are having higher payloall, the capacity of water tank is being increased to 3 6 00 litres in this revision. But due to the limited power available from the diesel engine of the chassis, the acceleration figures are being revised. 0.2.1 A list of accessories and equipment which do not form part of this appliance and most of which ark normally fe~uired to assist in operation of the,,applian,ce is given in Appendix A for information and guidance. The appliance shall also conform to statutory rules in regard to height clearance framed by Tfans~off Authority. 0.3 For the ptir$ode of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the, final value, observ,ed or calculated, expressing the result of a t&i oi; &nafysis, &ill be Gmded off inJS:948-1983 accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number ,of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard lays down the requirement regarding material, design and construction, workmanship and finish, accessories and equipment of water tender, type A for fire brigade use. > f‘ 2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 2.1 The appliance shall carry a water tank of 2 7 00 to 3 6 00 litres capacity depending upon the type of chassis used. It shall carry an i extension ladder and shall be capable of towing a trailer pump. 2.2 The water tender shall be fabricated in a manner so as to conform to the following characteristics : a) Gross vehicle mass Not less than 8 500 kg including crew, water and equipment b) Maximum speed on level 72 km/h road ( fulIy laden) c) Acceleration from a 50 km/h in 45 seconds standing start through the gears ( fully laden ) d) ‘The appliance shall be capable of being started from rest and move upon a gradient of 1 to 4. e) When travelling at 48 km/h on a level dry surface the foot brake shall be capable of stopping the vehicle within a distance ‘ of 15 m from the point at which the brake is applied. The hand brake shall be capable of holding the fully laden appliances , on a dry surface gradient of 1 in 4 when in neutral gear. \ f f) The appliance shall have the following overall dimensions: Wheel base Not more than 4.30 m Turning circle, diameter Not more than 20 m Road clearance Not less than 23 cm Overall width Not more than 2.50 m ‘Ruler for rounding off numerical values ( retied). 4IS:948 - 1983 I 3. MATERIALS 3.1 The choice of material to be used in the construction of the appliance shall be made with a view to combining lightness with strength and durability. 3.2 All parts which form water-ways or come into contact with water shall be of corrosion resisting material or treated for anti-corrosion. All metal parts exposed to atmosphere shall either be of corrosion-resisting material or treated to resist corrosion. 4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 4.1 Electrical System i 1 4.1.1 Trickle type battery charger, if required, shall be provided for charging the battery in situ. The red pilot lamp indicating when the batteries are being charged from an external supply shall be provided. 4.1.2 All important electrical circuits shall have separate fuses suitable indicated and shall be grouped into a common fuse-box located in an accessible position in driver’s cab and fitted with means for carrying spare fuses. The wiring shall be single pole. 4.2 Water Tank - It shall vary from 2 700 to 3 600 litres depending upon the type of chassis used. 4.2.1 A tank of required capacity constructed of mild steel treated for anti-corrosion shall be suitably mounted on the chassis in a manner keeping in view the proper load distribution on the axles. The tank shall be suitably baffled to prevent surge when the vehicle is braking, cornering or accelerating. The baffles shall be arranged in a manner to facilitate the passage of a man throughout the tank for cleaning purposes. The tank shall be mounted on not less than three cross members to counteract stresses caused by chassis flexing and shall be so secured that it can be removed. The tank body and baffles except bottom shall be minimum 3 mm thicksheet which should be of minimum 4 mm thick. There should be minimum 2 baffles for 2700 litres water tank d and 3 baffles for higher capacity. 4.2.2 The tank shall be fitted with a 75 mm bore overflow pipe. A 63 mm instantaneous hydrant connection, incorporating a strainer, shall be provided for filling the tank through 50 mm bore pipe work. An 100 mm bore pipeline shall be taken from the tank for the suction inlet of the pump incorporating an 100 mm quick spherical type valve. 4.2.3 The tank shall be given adequate anti-corrosive treatment from inside after fabrication if it !is not galvanized. Inside surface shall be.IS : 948 w1 933 prepared by sand blasting before painting. Epoxy treatment should be given inside the water tank for corrosion resistance. Epoxy treatment shall consist of one coat of primer with 2 coats of finish. The tank with its fitments shall withstand hydrostatic pressure of 0.3 bar. 4.2.4 Dial gauge water level indicator for the tank shall be provided perferably in the driver’s cab or a visual level gauge of glass tube shall be provided at the control panel calibrated l/4, l/2, 3/4 and full preferably calibrated in litres also. 4.2.5 The tank shall have a covered manhole of 45 cm dia minimum. A cleaning hole of at least 25 cm dia shall also be provided at the f bottom. c 4.3 Portable Pump - 275 LPM Portable Pump Set ( conforming to IS : 942-1982* ) shall be provided for fire fighting purpose. The pump shall be mounted preferably behind the water tank. The frame of the pumping unit shall preferably be provided with two quickly detachable solid tyred road wheels. 4.4 Body Work and Stowage 4.4.1 Enclosed accommodation for six personsshall be provided in the driver’s cab-cum-crew compartment including the driver and the incharge of the crew. Two doors on each side shall be provided on the driver-cab cum-crew compartment. The doors shall be hinged opening outwards and shall be hung forward and shall have catch locks -and flush type handles. 4.4.2 The cab and lockers should be of all metal construction with sufficient rigidity and reinforcement and shah be kept as light as possible in mass. Pressed sections of sufficient strength shall be used for the superstructure. 4.4.3 Lockers shall be provided to secure stowage of all equipments given in Appendix A except those mentioned at Sl No. 1,2,26 and 44 The height of the lockers from the bottom to the top of the opening shall be not less than 600 mm. 4.4.4 All lockers shall be provided with internal automatic lighting arrangement with the meter switch in the cab. The doors of the lockers shall have sufficient means for holding them closed by efficient flush fitting spring loaded lockers. The doors of the side lockers shall not be hinged at the bottom. Specification for 275-l/minp ortable pump ret for fire fighting (secondrc uision ). 6IS t 948 - 1983 4.4.5 Hose tunnels shall be provided to carry four 2’5m lengths of suction hoses in convenient location. The tunnels should be sloped in such a way that these allow the water/contents left in the hose after use to drain out. 4.4.6 Ladder Gallows -Gallows shall be provided to carry a IO.5 m aluminium extrasion ladder. The design shall be such that the ladder can be released without difficulty from a reasonably accessible position and shall embody rollers to permit easy withdrawal by one man. Means shall also be provided for locking the ladder when stowed. 4.4.7 Tool-Kit Container - A specially fitted recessed tray for the normal kit of tools, carried on the appliance shall be provided. 4.4.8 Stability --The stability of the appliance shall be such that when under fully-equipped and loaded condition ( but excluding crew ), if the surface on which the appliance stand is tilted to either side, the point at which over-turning occurs is not passed at an angle of 30 degrees from the horizontal. 5. WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH 5.1 All parts of the appliance shall be of good workmanship and shall have streamlined finish. 5.2 The appliance shall be painted in fire red colour conforming to shade No. 536 of IS : 5-1978”. The paint shall conform to IS : 293%1974t. 6. INSTRUCTION BOOK, ACCESSORIES AND EQUIPMENT 6.1 Instrdction Book or Books- Instruction book( s ) for the guidance of the user(s) including both operating and normal maintenance procedure shall be supplied. The book ( s ) shall include an itemized and illustrated spare-parts list giving reference numbers of all the wearing parts. 6.2 Accessories 6.2.1 The following accessories shall be provided in addition to those normally fitted on modern commercial vehicles. a) Fire Bell - 250 mm diameter fire bell shall be mounted externally and shall be capable of being operated from within the driving compartment. The bell shall be of the hand- operated type. Wolours for ready mixed paints and enamels ( thirdr &.&n ). tSpecification for enamel, synthetic, exterior (a) undercoating, ( b ) finishing (f;rsr revision) . 7IS : 948 - 198i b) Head Lamps - two 4 Fog Lamps - two 4 Reversing Light - a lamp suitably situated to assist reversing. 4 Ambar Blinker Lights -situated on the head of the driving compartment. f) Traficators - Illuminated with indicating light on instrument panel or in any other prominent position in driving compartment. I d Wind Screen Wippers I h) Tools - All tools required for normal routine maintenance of the appliance which are not inclu?led in the kit for the chassis. 4 j> Siren - Battery operated k) Search Light - adjustable to given flood or beam light, mounted in a convenient position but capableof being readily disconnected and mounted on a tripod away from the appliance, complete with tripod and with not less than 30 m of TRS cable on a reel mounted on the appliance. 4 Spot Light - adjustable, mounted in a convenient position on the rear side of the driving compartment. 4 Inspection Lamp - protected type on wander lead with plug. A socket shall be provided in the control panel in the driver’s cab for plugging in the lamp. P) Tail Lamps - two of combined stop and tail. q) Rear Rejectors r) Cab, Instrument Panel and Locker, Light s) Public Address System ( if required ) -battery operated system with mike in the driver’s cab and speaker on the top of the vehicle shall be provided. \ 7. MARKING 7.1 Each appliance shall be clearly and permanently marked with the following information: a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, if any; b) Capacity of the water tank in litres; and c) Year of manufacture. 8IS I 948 - 1983 APPENDIX A ( Cfuuse 0.2.1 ) SCHEDULE OF EQUIPMENT TO BE STOWED IN THE APPLIANCE SI ItGm Quantity .NO. 1. Extension ladder 10.5 m ( see IS : 45’71-19771 or IS : 1 930- 19772 ) F 2. Suction hose of rubber of 75 mm internal diameter 7.5 m i in 2.5 m lengths ( see IS : 2410-1963 ) 3. a) Rubber lined delivery hose f set Type lf of IS: 90 636-19794) in 22’5 m or 15 m lengths fitted with 63 mm delivery hose couplings ( seeI S : 903-1975s) b) Unlined flax canvas hose ( see IS : 4927-1968‘) in 30 m 90. lengths fitted with delivery hose couplings (see IS : 903- 1975s ) Controlled percolating hose (see IS : 8423-19777) in 30 m lengths fitted with delivery hose couplings ( see IS : 903-19755 ) 4. a) Hose-clamps [ see IS : 56 12 ( Part I )- 1977* ] 6 b) Hose-bandages [ see IS : 5612 ( Part II j-197’?* ) 6 c) Hose-straps 12 1. Specification for aluminium extension ladders for fire brigade use (first revision), 2. Specification for wooden extension ladder for fire brigade use (first reoirion ). 3. Specification for suction hose of rubber for fire services. 4. Specification for fire fighting hose (rubber lined or tubberi’ted fabric lined, woven-jacketed ) (second revision) . 5. Specification for fire hose delivery couplings branch pipe, nozzles and norzle spanner ( second revision) . 6. Specification for inlined flax canvas hose for fire fighting. 7. Specification for controlled percolating hose for fire fighting. 6. Specification for hose-clamps and hose-bandages for fire brigade use : Patt I Hose-clamps (Jrst revisio)n. , 9. Specification for hose-clamps and hose-bandages for fire brigade use : Part II -Hose-bandages (&t rsvi.sien) . 9%. 5. P-Way suction collecting head 75 mm size ( see IS : 1 904-l 983r” ) 6, Dividing breeching with control instantaneous pattern 63 mm (see IS : 5131-1969lrA) 7. Collecting breeching instantaneous pattern 63 mm (see IS: 903-19756) * 8. Branch pipe ( see IS : 903-1975s ) 2 9. Nozzle of sizes 12 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm ( two each ) 6 ( see IS : 903- 19756) 10. a) Adaptor for 75 mm suction female screw coupling 1 and 63 mm male instantaneous. b) Adaptor double female instantaneous pattern 63 mm 4 11. Nozzle spanners ( see IS : 903-19756 ) 1 12. Portable electric box lamp ,with rechargeable accumulator 1 13. Hand lamp ( torch - 4 cells ) 2 14. Flameproof lamp ( usable in presence of inflammable 2 gases or vapours ) 15. Portable chemical fire extinguisher dry powder type 1 2 kg ( see IS : 2171-1976rlB ) 16. Portable chemical fire extinguisher, foam type 9 litres 1 capacity. (sue IS : 933-197612) 17. Lowering iine - 50 mm hemp or terylene, 40 m long, 1 having two ends spliced and one end with a running noose ( see IS : 1084- 1969s ) 18. Long line - 50 mm manila, 30 m lotlg ( see IS : 1 1084-l 9691s ) 19. Short Line - 50 mm manila, 15m long (see IS : 1 1084-1969rs) 10. Specification for P-way aad 3-&Q &&ioh kbllfciitig h&cl6 for fire fighting purposes ( second r&i&~ ). 1119 Specification fbt divitling breechlag with control, for flie brig%&u si. 11B Specification for portable fire extinguisher, dry $+&+ \yfie ( k&&f k&&n ). 12. Specificatiori fdt bokiibfe &M&i l%t! Ihi&M&, &a& tyfib ( ki%a&iialjijian ). 13. Specification for manila ropes ( suond w&on ) .IS : 94a - 19113 s1 Ite?ns Qpantity NO. 20. Canvas buckets 2 21. First-aid box for 10 persons 1 22. Rubber gloves ( in case ) ( see IS : 4770-I 968r4 ) 1 pair 23. Asbestos guantlets ( in case) 1 pair : 24. Axe, large ( see IS : 703-196615 ) 1 25. Spade I 26. Pick axe (see IS : 273-1973“) 1 27. Crow-bar ( see IS : 704-1968l’ ) 1 28. Sledge hammer, 6.5 kg (see IS : 841-1968’8 ) 1 29. Carpenter’s saw, 60 cm ( see 5098-196919 ) 1 30. Spanner adjustable, 30 cm long handle (see IS : 1 6149-1971” ) 31. Door breaker 1 32. Hydraulic jack 7.5 tonnes 1 33. Fire hook ( see IS : 92%198121 ) 1 34. Tool kit 1 35. Grease gun 1 36. Oil feader 1 37, Can for oil - 2 litres capacity 1 P 38. Funnel for oil or fuel filling 1 14. Specification for rubber gloves for electrical purposes. 15. Specification for axes ( rrniscd ). 16. Specification for picks and beaters ( secondrmision ). 17. Specification for crow-bars and claw-bars (fizrt retiion ). 18. Specification for hand hammers (If& rruision). 19. Specification for croaa-cut and rip saws. 20. Specification for ringle ended open-jaw adjustable wrenches. 21. Specification for fire hooks ( sccondrmiJia)f f 11IS : 948 - 1983 (Con+wdfrm page 2 ) : Fire Fighting Units Subcommittee, BDC 22 : 3 8, ,, Conmvw Representing ’ ’ IPHRI P. N. GHOaH The~e;~utioniof Fire :Engineers ‘( India ) , New Manbcrs SRRIA. CHATTOPADHYAY(A) lternatcto Shri P. N. Ghosh ) SHRI V.P. DEWAN Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) LT-COL V. R. BANAHATI ( Altrrnatc) DIRECTOR West Bengal Fire Services, Calcutta SHBIG.N. GIDWANI Dire;tor;elEeneral of Supplies St Disposals, 0 SERI D. N. PANDJT ( Alternate ) SIIRI G. B. MEN~N Ministry of Home Affairs COL S. A. MOHILE Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) SHRI A. K. SURI (Alternate ) SHRI V. B. NIKAM Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay ( Bombay Fire Brigade ), Bombay SHRI H. M. SABADRA Reliable ( Fire Protection ) Industries, Bombay’ SHRI K. K. SAWHNEY Air Foam Industries Pvt Ltd, New Delhi SHRI R. MEHTA ( Alternate ) SEBI P. H. SETHNA Kooverji Devshi & Company ( P ) Ltd, Bombay SERI N. T. PANJWANI ( Altcrnatc ) SFIRI JY. K. &REAR Synthetics and Chemicals Limited, Bareilly SEEX & S. L. SHARMA Municipal Corporation of Delhi (Delhi Fire Service ), Delhi SHRI R. K. BHARDWAJ ( Altcrnatc ) SERI S. VENKASWAMY Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi SHRI B. V. WAQLB Urban Development, Public Health and Housing Department, Government of Maharashtra SHRI V. H. MADKAIKAR ( Altcrnatc)
1893_1.pdf	IS 1893 ( Part 1 ) :2002 Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS Ffth Revision ) ( ICS 91.120.25 0 BIS2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 June 2002 Price Group 12 —..IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS Fijth Revision ) ( FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 1) (Fifth Revision) was adopted bythe Bureau ofIndian Standards, afler the draft finalized bytheEarthquake Engineering Sectional Committee hadbeenapproved bythe CivilEngineering Division Council. Himalayan-Nagalushai region, Indo-GangeticPlain, WesternIndia, KutchandKathiawarregions aregeologically unstable parts ofthe country, and some devastating earthquakes ofthe world have occurred there. A major part of the peninsular India has also been visited by strong earthquakes, but these were relatively few in number occurring atmuch largertimeintervals atanysite,andhadconsiderablylesserintensity. Theearth@ake resistant design of structures taking into account seismic data from studies ofthese Indian earthquakes has become very essential, particularly in view ofthe intense construction activity all over the country. It isto serve this purpose that IS 1893 :1962 ‘Recommendations for earthquake resistant design of structures’ was published and revised first time in 1966. Asaresult ofadditional seismic data collected in India and further knowledge and experience gained since the publication ofthe first revision ofthis standard, the sectional committee feltthe needtorevise the standard again incorporating many changes, suchasrevision ofmaps showing seismic zonesand epicentres, and adding a more rational approach for design ofbuildings and sub-structures ofbridges. These were covered in the second revision of1S1893brought out in 1970. Asaresult oftheincreased useofthestandard, considerable amount ofsuggestions werereceived formodifying some ofthe provisions ofthe standard and, therefore, third revision ofthe standard wasbrought out in 1975. The following changes were incorporated in the third revision: a) The standard incorporated seismic zonefactors (previously given asmultiplying factors in the second revision )on amore rational basis. b) Importance factors were introduced to account for the varying degrees of importance for various structures. c) In the clauses for design ofmulti-storeyed buildings, the coefficient offlexibility was given in the form ofacurve with respect to period ofbuildings. d) Amore rational formula wasused to combine modal shear forces. e) New clauses were introduced for determination ofhydrodynamic pressures in elevated tanks. 8 Clauses on concrete and masonry dams were modified, taking into account their dynamic behavionr during earthquakes. Simplifiedformulae fordesignforceswereintroduced basedonresults ofextensive studies carried out since second revision ofthe standard was published. The fourth revision, brought outin 1984,wasprepared to modifi someofthe provisions ofthe standard asa resultofexperiencegainedwiththeuseofthestandard. Inthisrevision,anumberofimportant basicmodifications with respect toload factors, field values ofN,base shear and modal analysis were introduced. Anew concept ofperformance factor depending on the structural framing system and onthe ductility of construction was incorporated. Figure 2foraverage acceleration spectrawasalsomodified and acurvefor zeropercent damping incorporated. 1IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 Inthe fifth revision, with aview tokeep abreast with the rapid development and extensive research that has been carried out in the field ofearthquake resistant design ofvarious structures, the committee has decided to cover the provisions for different types ofstructures in separate parts. Hence, IS 1893 has been split into the following five parts: Part 1General provisions andbuildings Part 2Liquid retaining tanks —Elevated and ground supported Part 3Bridges and retaining walls Part 4 Industrial structures including stack like structures Part 5Dams and embankments Part 1contains provisions that are general innature and applicable toall structures. Also,it contains provisions that arespecifictobuildings only. Unlessstatedotherwise, theprovisions inParts 2to5shallberead necessarily in conjunction with the general provisions in Part 1. NOTE — Pending finalization of Parts 2 to 5 of IS 1893, provisions of Part 1 will be read along with the relevant clauses of IS 1893 : 1984 for structures other than buildings. The following arethe major and important moditlcations made inthe fifth revision: a) The seismic zone map is revised with only four zones, instead of five. Erstwhile Zone I has been merged toZone 11.Hence, Zone Idoesnot appear in the new zoning; onlyZones II, 111,IV and Vdo. b) The values of seismic zone factors have been changed; these now reflect more realistic values of effective peak ground acceleration considering Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE )and service life ofstructure in each seismic zone. c) Response spectra are now specified for three types offounding strata, namely rock and hard soil, medium soil and softsoil. d) Empirical expression for estimating the fundamental natural period Taof multi-storeyed buildings with regular moment resisting frames hasbeen revised. e) This revision adopts the procedure offirst calculating the actual force that maybe experienced by the structure during the probable maximum earthquake, ifitweretoremain elastic. Then, the concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or frictional energy dissipation in the cracks is brought into the code explicitly, byintroducing the ‘response reduction factor’ inplace ofthe earlier performance factor. f) Alower bound isspecified forthe design base shear ofbuildings, based on empirical estimate ofthe fimdarnental natural period Ta. @ The soil-foundation system factor is dropped. Instead, aclause is introduced to restrict the use of foundations vulnerable to differential settlements in severe seismic zones. h) Torsional eccentricity values have been revised upwards in view of serious darnages observed in buildings with irregular plans. J) Modal combination rule in dynamic analysis ofbuildings has been revised. k) Other clauses have been redrafted where necessary for more effective implementation. Itis not intended in this standard tolay down regulation sothat no structure shall suffer any damage during earthquake ofall magnitudes. It has been endeavored to ensure that, asfar aspossible, structures are able to respond, without structural darnage to shocks ofmoderate intensities and without total collapse to shocks ofheavy intensities. While this standard isintended forthe earthquake resistant design ofnormal structures, it has tobe emphasized that in the case ofspecial structures, such aslarge and tall dams, long-span bridges, majorindustrial projects, etc,site-specificdetailed investigation shouldbeundertaken, unless otherwise specified in the relevant clauses. 2IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 Though the basis for the design ofdifferent types ofstructures is covered in this standard, it is not implied that detailed dynamic analysis should be made in every case. In highly seismic areas, construction ofatype which entails hea~ydebris and consequent lossoflifeand property, suchasmasonry,particularly mud masonry andrubblemasonry,shouldpreferablybeavoided. Forguidanceonprecautions tobeobservedintheconstruction ofbuildings, reference maybe madeto IS4326, IS 13827and IS 13828. Earthquake can cause damage not only on account ofthe shaking which results from them but also due to other chain effects like landslides, floods, fires and disruption tocommunication. Itis, therefore, important to take necessary precautions inthe siting, planning and design ofstructures sothat they are safe against such secondary effects also. The Sectional Committee has appreciated that there cannot bean entirely scientific basis for zoning inview ofthe scanty data available. Though the magnitudes of different earthquakes which have occurred in the past are known toareasonable degree ofaccuracy, the intensities ofthe shocks caused bythese earthquakes have sofar been mostly estimated by damage surveys and there islittle instrumental evidence to corroborate the conclusions arrived at. Maximum intensity at different places canbefixed on ascale only onthe basis of theobservations made andrecorded afterthe earthquake andthus azoning mapwhich isbased onthe maximum intensities arrived at, islikely tolead in some cases toanincorrect conclusion inview of(a) incorrectness in the assessment of intensities, (b) human error injudgment during the damage survey, and (c) variation in quality and design ofstructures causing variation intype and extent ofdamage tothe structures for the same intensity ofshock. The Sectional Committee hastherefore, considered that arational approach to the problem would be to arrive at azoning map based onknown magnitudes and the known epicentres (see Annex A) assuming all other conditions asbeing average and to modifi such an idealized isoseismal map in light of tectonics (see Annex B), lithology (see Annex C)and the maximum intensities asrecorded from damage surveys. The Committee has also reviewed such amap in the light ofthe past history and future possibilities and also attempted to draw the lines demarcating the different zones soas to be clear of important towns, cities and industrial areas, after making special examination ofsuchcases, asalittle modification inthe zonal demarcations may mean considerable difference to the economics ofaproject in that area. Maps shown in Fig. 1and Annexes A,Band Careprepared based oninformation available upto 1993. Inthe seismic zoning map, Zone Iand IIofthe contemporary map have been merged and assigned the level ofZone 11.The Killari area hasbeen included inZone III and necessary modifications made, keeping inview the probabilistic hazard evaluation. The Bellary isolated zone hasbeen removed. The parts ofeastern coast areas have shown similar hazard tothat ofthe Killari area, the level ofZone IIhasbeen enhanced to Zone III and connected with Zone III ofGodawari Graben area. The seismic hazard level with respect to ZPA at 50 percent risk level and 100 years service life goes on progressively increasing from southern peninsular portion tothe Himalayan main seismic source, the revised seismiczoning map hasgivenstatusofZoneIIItoNarmada TectonicDomain, Mahanandi Graben and Godawari Graben. This isalogical normalization keeping inviewthe apprehended higher strain rates inthese domains on geological consideration ofhigher neotectonic activity recorded in these areas. Attention isparticularly drawn tothe factthat the intensity ofshock due toan earthquake could vary locally atanyplace duetovariation insoilconditions. Earthquake response ofsystemswouldbeaffected bydifferent typesoffoundation systemin addition tovariation ofground motion duetovarious typesofsoils. Considering the effects in agross manner, the standard gives guidelines for arriving at design seismic coet%cients based on stiffness ofbase soil. Itis important tonote that the seismic coefficient, used in the design ofany structure, is dependent on nany variable factors and it isan extremely difficult task to determine the exact seismic coefficient in each given case. It is, therefore, necessa~ toindicate broadly the seismic coefficients that could generally be adopted in different parts or zones ofthe country though, of course, a rigorous analysis considering all the factors involved has tobemade in the caseof all important projects in order toarrive atasuitable seismic coeftlcients fordesign. The Sectional Committee responsible forthe formulation ofthis standard has attempted toinclude aseismic zoning map (see Fig. 1)forthis purpose. The objectofthis mapistoclassifi the area ofthe country into anumber ofzonesin which onemayreasonably expectearthquake shaking ofmore orlesssamemaximum intensity in future. The Intensity asper Comprehensive Intensity Scale (MSK64 ) (see Annex D ) broadly associated with the various zones isVI (or less ), VII, VIII and IX (and above ) for Zones II, III, IV and V respectively. The maximum seismic ground acceleration in each zone cannot bepresently predicted with 3IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 accuracy either on a deterministic or on a probabilistic basis. The basic zone factors included herein are reasonable estimates ofeffective peak ground accelerations for the design ofvarious structures covered in this standard. Zone factors for someimportant towns are given in Annex E. Base isolation and energy absorbing devices may be used for earthquake resistant design. Only standard devices having detailed experimental data ontheperformance should beused. The designer must demonstrate bydetailed analyses that these devicesprovide sufficientprotection tothebuildings and equipment asenvisaged inthis standard. Performance oflocally assembled isolation and energy absorbing devices should beevaluated experimentally before they areused inpractice. Design ofbuildings and equipment using such device should be reviewed by the competent authority. Base isolation systems are found usefhl for short period structures, saylessthan 0.7s including soil-structure interaction. In the formulation ofthis standard, due weightage has been given to international coordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition torelating ittothe practices in the field in this country. Assistance has particularly been derived from the following publications: a) UBC1994,Uniform Building Code,International ConferenceofBuilding Officials,Whittier, Ckdifomia, U.S.A.1994. b) NEHRP 1991,NEHRP Recommended Provisions forthe Development ofSeismicRegulations forNew Buildings,Part 1: Provisions,ReportNo.FEMA222,FederalEmergencyManagementAgency,WashingtO% D.C.,U.S.A., January 1992. c) NEHRP 1991,NEHRP Recommended Provisions forthe Development ofSeismic Regulations forNew Buildings, Part 2: Commentary, Report No. FEMA 223, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C.,U.S.A., January 1992. d) NZS 4203:1992, CodeofPractice for General Structural Design and Design Loadings for Buildings, Standards Association of NewZealand, Wellington, NewZealand, 1992. Inthe preparation ofthis standard considerable assistance hasbeen given bythe Department ofEarthquake Engineering, University ofRoorkee; Indian Institute ofTechnology,Kanpuq IITBombay,Mumbai; Geological Survey ofIndia; India Meteorological Department, and several other organizations. The units used with the items covered bythe symbols shall be consistent throughout this standard, unless specifically noted otherwise. The composition ofthe Committee responsible for the formulation ofthis standard isgiven in Annex F. Forthe purpose ofdeciding whether aparticular requirement ofthis standard iscomplied with, the final value observed or calculated, expressing the result of atest or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rulesfor rounding offnumerical values (revised )’. The number ofsignflcant places retained in the rounded offvalue should be the same asthat ofthe specified value in this standard. (Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED39) 4As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left BlankIS 1893( Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN OF STRUCTURES PART 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS AND BUILDINGS ( Ffth Revision ) 1 SCOPE IS No. Title 1.1 This standard (Part 1)deals with assessment of 1343:1980 Code of practice for pre-stressed seismic loads onvarious structures and earthquake concrete (first revision ) resistant design of buildings. Its basic provisions 1498:1970 Classification and identification of are applicable to buildings; elevated structures; soils for general engineering industrial and stack like structures; bridges; concrete purposes (first revision ) masonry and earth dams; embankments andretaining walls and other structures. 1888:1982 Method ofloadtestonsoils(second revision ) 1.2 Temporaryelementssuchasscaffolding,temponuy excavations need not be designed for earthquake 1893(Part4) Criteria for earthquake resistant forces. designofstructures: Part4Industrial 1.3 This standard doesnot deal withthe construction structures including stack like features relating to earthquake resistant design in structures buildings and other structures. For guidance on 2131:1981 Method ofstandard penetration test earthquake resistant construction of buildings, for soils (first revision ) reference may be made to the following Indian Standards: 2809:1972 Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering (jirst IS4326,1S13827,IS13828,IS13920andIS13935. revision ) 2 REFERENCES 2810:1979 Glossary of terms relating to soil 2.1 The following Indian Standards are necessary dynamics (fzrst revision) adjuncts to this standard: 4326:1993 Earthquake resistant design and Is No. Title construction ofbuildings — Code 456:2000 Code of practice for plain and ofpractice (second revision ) reinforced concrete ( fourth 6403:1981 Codeofpractice for determination revision ) of bearing capacity of shallow 800:1984 Code of practice for general foundations (first revision ) construction in steel ( second 13827:1993 Improving earthquake resistance of revision ) earthen buildings — Guidelines 875 Code of practice for design loads 13828:1993 Improving earthquake resistance of (otherthanearthquake)forbuildings lowstrength masonry buildings — and structures: Guidelines (Part l): 1987 Dead loads — Unit weights of 13920:1993 Ductile detailing of reinforced buildingmaterialandstoredmaterials concrete structures subjected to (second revision) seismic forces — Code ofpractice (Part 2):1987 Imposed loads (second revision) 13935:1993 Repairand seismic strengthening of (Part 3):1987 Wind loads (second revision) buildings — Guidelines (Part4 ):1987 Snow loads (second revision) SP6(6) :1972 Handbook for structural engineers: (Part 5):1987 Specialloadsandloadcombinations Application of plastic theory in (second revision) design of steel structures 7 PrT-’!?IS 1893( Part ) :2002 3 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE 3.11 Effective Peak Ground Acceleration (EPGA ) ENGINEERING ItisO.4times the 5percent damped average spectral 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following acceleration between period 0.1 to 0.3 s. This shall definitions shall applywhich are applicable generally betaken as Zero Period Acceleration (ZPA ). to all structures. 3.12 Floor Response Spectra NOTE — For the definitions ofterms pertaining to soil Floor response spectra is the response spectra for a mechanics and soil dynamics references may be made time history motion ofafloor. This floor motion time to IS 2809 and IS 2810. history is obtained by an analysis of multi-storey 3.2 Closely-Spaced Modes building for appropriate material damping values subjectedtoaspecified earthquake motion atthebase Closely-spaced modes ofastructure are those ofits of structure. natural modes ofvibration whosenatural frequencies differ from each other by 10 percent or less of the 3.13 Focus lower frequency. Theoriginating earthquake sourceofthe elastic waves 3.3 Critical Damping inside the earth which cause shaking ofground due toearthquake. The damping beyond which the freevibration motion will not be oscillatory. 3.14 Importance Factor (1) 3.4 Damping It is afactor used to obtain the design seismic force depending on the functional use of the structure, The effect ofinternal friction, imperfect elasticity of characterised byhazardous consequences ofitsfailure, material, slipping, sliding,etcinreducingtheamplitude its post-earthquake functional need, historic value, ofvibration and isexpressed asapercentage ofcritical oreconomic importance. damping. 3.15 Intensity ofEarthquake 3.5 Design Acceleration Spectrum The intensity ofanearthquake ataplace isameasure Design acceleration spectrum refers to an average ofthe strength ofshaking during the earthquake, and smoothenedplot ofmaximum accelerationasafimction is indicated byanumber according to the modified offrequency ortime period ofvibration foraspecitled Mercalli ScaleorM.S.K.Scale of seismic intensities damping ratio for earthquake excitations atthebase (see AnnexD ). ofa single degree offreedom system. 3.16 Liquefaction 3.6 Design Basis Earthquake (DBE ) Liquefaction isastate in saturated cohesionless soil Itisthe earthquake which canreasonably beexpected wherein the effective shear strength is reduced to negligible value for all engineering purpose due to to occur at least once during the design life of the structure. pore pressure caused by vibrations during an earthquake when they approach the total confining 3.7 Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient pressure. In this condition the soil tends to behave (Ah) like afluid mass. Itisahorizontal acceleration coefficient that shallbe 3.17 Lithological Features used for design of structures. The nature of the geological formation ofthe earths 3.8 Design Lateral Force crustabovebedrockonthebasisofsuchcharacteristics ascolour, structure, mineralogical composition and It is the horizontal seismic force prescribed by this grain size. standard, that shall be used to design a structure. 3.18MagnitudeofEarthquake (Richter%Magnitude) 3.9 Ductility The magnitude ofearthquake isanumber, which isa Ductility ofastructure, oritsmembers, isthecapacity measure of energy released in an earthquake. It is to undergo large inelastic deformations without defined aslogarithm tothe base 10ofthe maximum significant loss of strength or stiffness. trace amplitude, expressed in microns, which the standard short-period torsion seismometer ( with a 3.10 Epicentre periodof0.8s, magnification2800 anddamping nemly Thegeographicalpoint onthesurfaceofearthvertically critical )would register due tothe earthquake at an above the focus of the earthquake. epicentral distance of 100km. 8IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 3.19 Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE ) idealizedsingledegreefreedom systemshaving certain period and damping, during earthquake ground The most severe earthquake effects considered by motion. The maximum response isplotted against the this standard. undamped natural period and for various damping 3.20 Modal Mass (lf~ ) values, and can be expressed in terms ofmaximum absolute acceleration, maximum relative velocity, or Modal mass ofastructure subjected to horizontal or maximum relative displacement. vertical, asthe case maybe, ground motion is apart 3.28 Seismic Mass ofthetotalseismicmassofthestructurethatiseffective inmode kofvibration. The modal mass for a given It is the seismic weight divided by acceleration due mode has a unique value irrespective of scaling of to gravity. the mode shape. 3.29 Seismic Weight (W) 3.21 Modal Participation Factor (Pk) Itisthe total dead load plus appropriate amounts of Modal participation factor ofmode kofvibration is specified imposed load. the amount bywhich modekcontributes totheoverall 3.30 Structural Response Factors (S,/g ) vibration ofthe structure under horizontal andvertical earthquake ground motions. Since the amplitudes of It is a factor denoting the acceleration response 95percent mode shapes canbe scaled arbitrarily, the spectrum of the structure subjected to earthquake value ofthis factor depends on the scaling used for ground vibrations, and depends on natural period mode shapes. ofvibration and damping ofthe structure. 3.31 Tectonic Features 3.22 Modes ofVibration (seeNormal Mode) The nature ofgeological formation ofthe bedrock in 3.23 Mode Shape Coefficient ($i~) the earth’s crust revealing regions characterized by When a system isvibrating in normal modek,at any structural features, such as dislocation, distortion, particular instant of time, the amplitude of mass faults, folding, thrusts, volcanoes with their age of i expressed asaratio ofthe amplitude ofone ofthe formation, which are directly involved in the earth masses of the system, is known as mode shape movement or quake resulting in the above coefficient ( @i~). consequences. 3.24 Natural Period (T) 3.32 Time History Analysis Natural period of a structure is its time period of Itisananalysisofthedynamicrespmse ofthestructure undamped free vibration. ateach increment of time, when itsbase issubjected toa specific ground motion time history. 3.24,1 Fundamental Natural Period ( T1) 3.33 Zone Factor (Z) Itisthefirst (longest )modal timeperiod ofvibration. Itisafactor toobtain the design spectrum depending 3.24.2 Modal Natural Period ( T~) ontheperceived maximum seismic risk characterized byMaximum Considered Earthquake (MCE )inthe Themodal natural period ofmodekisthe time period zoneinwhichthe structure islocated. Thebasic zone ofvibration in mode k. fiwtorsincludedinthisstandardarereasonableestimate 3.25 Normal Mode ofeffective peak ground acceleration. Asystemissaidtobevibrating inanormal modewhen 3.34 Zero Period Acceleration (ZPA ) allitsmassesattain maximum valuesofdisplacements Itisthe value ofacceleration response spectrum for and rotations simultaneously, and pass through period below 0.03 s(frequencies above 33Hz). equilibrium positions simultaneously. -,. 4 TERMINOLOGY FOR EARTHQUAKE 3.26 Response Reduction Factor (R) ENGINEERING OF BUILDINGS It isthe factor by which the actual base shear force, 4.1 For the purpose of earthquake resistant design thatwouldbegeneratedifthestructurewere to remain ofbuildings inthis standard, the following definitions elastic during its response to the Design Basis shall apply. Earthquake (DBE)shaking, shallbereducedtoobtain 4.2 Base the design lateral force. Itisthe level atwhich inertia forces generated inthe 3.27 Response Spectrum strnctnre aretransferred tothefoundation, which then The representation of the maximum response of transfers these forces to the ground. 9IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 4.3 Base Dimensions (d) 4.14 Lateral Force Resisting Element Base dimension ofthe building along adirection is It is part ofthe structural system assigned to resist thedimension atitsbase,inmetre,alongthatdirection. lateral forces. 4.4 Centre ofMass 4.15 Moment-Resisting Frame Itisaframe inwhich members andjoints arecapable The point through which the resultant ofthe masses ofresisting forces primarily byflexure. ofasystem acts. This point corresponds tothe centre of gravity of masses of system. 4.15.1 Ordinary Moment-Resisting Frame 4.5 Centre ofStiffness It is a moment-resisting frame not meeting special detailing requirements for ductile behaviour. Thepoint through which theresultant oftherestoring forces of a system acts. 4.15.2 Special Moment-Resisting Frame 4.6 Design Eccentricity (e~i) It is a moment-resisting frame specially detailed to provide ductile behaviour and comply with It is the value of eccentricity to be used at floor iin the requirements given in IS 4326 or IS 13920 or torsion calculations for design. SP6(6). 4.7 Design Seismic Base Shear ( V~) 4.16 Number ofStoreys (n) It is the total design lateral force at the base of a Number ofstoreysofabuilding isthe number oflevels structure. abovethe base. This excludes the basement storeys, wherebasement walls are connected with the ground 4.8 Diaphragm floordeckorfittedbetweenthebuilding columns. But, Itisahorizontal, ornearly horizontal system, which it includes the basement storeys, when they are not transmits lateralforcestotheverticalresistingelements, so connected. forexample, reinforced concretefloors andhorizontal 4.17 Principal Axes bracing systems. Principal axesofabuilding aregenerally twomutually 4.9 Dual System perpendicularhorizontaldirectionsinphmof abuilding Buildings with dual system consist of shear walls along which the geometry ofthebuilding isoriented. (orbraced frames )andmoment resisting frames such 4.18 P-AEffect that: It is the secondary effect on shears and moments of a) The two systems are designed to resist the frame members due to action of the vertical loads, total designlateral forceinproportion totheir interacting with the lateral displacement ofbuilding lateral stiffness considering the interaction resulting from seismic for~es. ofthe dual system at all floor levels; and 4.19 Shear Wall b) The moment resisting frames are designed Itis awall designed to resist lateral forces acting in to independently resist at least 25 percent its own plane. ofthe design base shear. 4.20 Soft Storey 4.10 Height ofFloor (hi) It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than It isthe difference in levels between the base ofthe 70 percent of that in the storey above or less than building and that offloor i. 80percent ofthe average lateral stiffness ofthe three 4.11 Height ofStructure(k) storeys above. Itisthe difference in levels, in metres, between its 4.21 Static Eccentricity (e~l) base and its highest level. It isthe distance between centre ofmass and centre 4.12 Horizontal Bracing System ofrigidity offloor i. It is a horizontal truss system that serves the same 4.22 Storey function asadiaphragm. It is the space between two adjacent floors. 4.13 Joint 4.23 Storey Drift Itistheportion ofthe column that iscommon toother Itisthe displacement ofonelevelrelative tothe other members, forexample, beams, framing into it. level above orbelow. 10IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 4.24 Storey Shear ( ~) n Number of storeys Itisthe sumofdesign lateral forcesatalllevelsabove N SPTvalue for soil the storey under consideration. Pk Modal participation factor ofmode k 4.25 Weak Storey Q, Lateral force atfloor i It is one in which the storey lateral strength is less Q~~ Design lateral force at floor iin mode k than 80percent ofthat in the storeyabove, The storey lateral strength isthetotal strength ofallseismicforce r Number ofmodes tobe considered asper resisting elements sharing the storey shear in the 7.8.4.2 considered direction. R Response reduction factor 5 SYMBOLS S’a/g Average response acceleration coefficient The symbols and notations given below apply tothe for rock or soil sites as given by Fig. 2 provisions of this standard: and Table 3based on appropriate natural periods and damping ofthe structure .4h Design horizontal seismic coefficient T Undamped natural period ofvibration of A~ Design horizontal acceleration spectrum the structure (in second ) value for mode “kofvibration ~ Approximate fundamental period ( in bi ithFloor plan dimension of the building seconds ) perpendicular tothe direction offorce Tk Undamped natural period of mode k of c Index for the closely-spaced modes vibration (in second ) d Basedimension ofthebuilding, inmetres, T1 Fundamental natural period ofvibration inthe direction inwhich the seismic force (in second ) is considered. VB Design seismic base shear DL Response quantity due to dead load pB Design base shear calculated using the Design eccentricity to be used at floor i ‘dl approximate fimdamental period T, calculated asper 7.8.2 q Peak storey shear force in storey i due to eS1 Static eccentricity atfloor idefined asthe all modes considered distancebetween centreofmassandcentre ofrigidity qk Shear force in storey iin mode k ELX Response quantity duetoearthquake load v Peak storey shear force at the roof due to roof for horizontal shaking along x-direction all modes considered ELY Response quantity duetoearthquake load w Seismic weight ofthe structure for horizontal shaking alongy-direction Wi Seismic weight offloor i EL, Response quantity duetoearthquake load z Zone factor forvertical shaking along z-direction F Design lateral forces atthe roof duetoall Oik Mode shape coet%cient at floor iin mode roof k modes considered Fi Design lateral forces atthe floor idue to a Peakresponse(for examplememberforces, displacements, storeyforces, storeyshears all modes considered or base reactions ) due to all modes $? Acceleration due to gravity considered h Height ofstructure, in metres Absolute value ofmaximum response in % mode k hi Height measured from the base of the building to floor i kc Absolute value ofmaximum response in mode c,where mode cisaclosely-spaced I Importance factor mode. IL Response quantity due to imposed load A* Peak response due to the closely-spaced h4k Modal mass ofmode k modes only 11IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 CoefficientusedintheCompleteQuadratic forthis difference in actual and design lateral loads. Pij Combination ( CQC ) method while Reinforced and prestressed concrete members shall combining responses of modes iandj be suitably designed toensure that premature failure oi Circular frequency in rad/second in the due to shear or bond does not occur, subject tothe iti mode provisions of IS 456 and IS 1343. Provisions for appropriate ductile detailing ofreinforced concrete 6 GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND DESIGN members are giveninIS 13920, CRITERIA In steel structures, members and their connections 6.1 General Principles shouldbesoproportionedthathighductilityisobtain~ 6.1.1 Ground Motion tide SP6(Part 6),avoiding premature failure dueto elastic or inelastic buckling ofany type. Thecharacteristics (intensity, duratio~ etc)ofseismic The specified earthquake loads arebased upon post- ground vibrations expected atany location depends elastic energy dissipation inthe structure andbecause upon the magnitude ofearthquake, itsdepth offocus, distance fromthe epicentre, characteristics ofthepath ofthis fact, the provision ofthis standard for design, detailing and construction shall besatisfied even for through which the seismic waves travel, and the soil structures and members forwhich loadcombinations strata on which the structure stands. The random thatdonotcontaintheearthquake effectindicatelarger earthquake ground motions, which causethe structure demands than combinations including earthquake. to vibrate, can be resolved in any three mutually perpendicular directions. The predominant direction 6.1.4 Soil-Structure Interaction ofground vibration isusually horizontal. The soil-structure interaction refers tothe effects of Earthquake-generated vertical inertia forces aretobe the supporting foundation medium onthe motion of considered in design unless checked and proven by structure. The soil-structure interaction may not be specimen calculations tobe not significant. Vertical considered in the seismic analysis for structures acceleration should beconsidered in structures with supported onrock orrock-like material. large spans, those in which stability isacriterion for 6.1.5 Thedesign lateralforcespecifiedinthisstandard design, orfor overall stability analysis ofstructures. shall be considered in each of the two orthogonal Reduction in gravity force duetovertical component horizontal directions ofthe structure. For structures ofground motions canbeparticularly detrimental in which havelateral forceresisting elements in the two cases of prestressed horizontal members and of orthogonal directions only, the design lateral force cantilevered members. Hence,specialattention should shallbeconsidered along onedirection atatime, and bepaidtotheeffectofvertical componentoftheground not in both directions simultaneously. Structures, motion onprestressed orcantilevered beams, girders having lateral force resisting elements (for example and slabs. frames, shear walls )in directions other than the two 6.1.2 The response ofastructure togroundvibrations orthogonal directions, shall beanalysed considering isafimction ofthenature offoundation soil;materials, the load combinations specified in 6.3.2. form, size and mode of construction of structures; Whereboth horizontal andvertical seismic forces are andthe duration and characteristics ofground motion. taken into account, load combinations specified This standard specifies design forces for structures in 6.3.3 shall beconsidered. standing onrocks or soilswhich donot settle, liquefi orslideduetolossofstrength duringgroundvibrations. 6.1.6 Equipment and other systems, which are supported atvarious floor levels ofthe structure, will 6.1.3 The design approach adopted in this standard be subjected to motions corresponding to vibration istoensure that structures possessatleastaminimum attheir support points. In important cases, itmaybe strength to withstand minor earthquakes (<DBE ), necessary toobtain floor response spectra for design which occur frequently, without damage; resist ofequipment supports. For detail reference bemade moderate earthquakes ( DBE ) without significant toIS 1893(Part 4). structural damagethough somenon-structural damage mayOCCUEand aimsthat structures withstand amajor 6.1.7 Additions to Existing Structures earthquake (MCE )without collapse, Actual forces Additions shall be made to existing structures only that appear onstructures during earthquakes aremuch asfollows: greaterthanthedesignforcesspeciiledinthisstandard. However, ductility, arising from inelastic material a) An addition that isstructurally independent behaviourand detailing, andoverstrength, arisingfrom from anexisting structures shall bedesigned the additional reserve strength instructures overand and constructed in accordance with the abovethe design strength, are relied upon toaccount seismic requirements for new structures. 12IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 b) An addition that is not structurally these shall be combined as per 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1.2 independent from an existing structure shall wherethe terms DL, ILandEL stand for the response be designed and constructed such that quantities due to dead load, imposed load and the entire structure conforms tothe seismic designated earthquake load respectively. force resistance requirements for new 6.3.1.1 Load factors for plastic design of steel structures unless the following three structures conditions are complied with: Inthe plastic design ofsteel structures, the following 1) The addition shall comply with the load combinations shall be accounted for: requirements for new structures, 2) Theadditionshallnotincreasetheseismic 1) 1.7( DL.+IL ) forces in any structural elements ofthe 2) 1.7( DLEL) existing structure bymorethan 5percent unless the capacity of the element 3) 1.3( DL+lLEL) subject tothe increased force isstill in 6.3.1.2 Partial safety factors for limit state design compliance with this standard, and of reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete 3) The additicn shall not decrease the structures seismic resistance of any structural Inthe limit statedesign ofreinforced andprestressed element ofthe existing structure unless concrete structures, the following load combinations reduced resistance isequal toor greater shall be accounted for: than that required for new structures. 1) 1.5( DL+lL) 6.1.8 Change in Occupancy 2) 1.2( DL+ZL+EL) When a change of occupancy results in a structure being re-classified toahigher importance factor (1), 3) 1.5( DL+EL) thestructure shallconformtothe seismicrequirements foranew structure with the higher importance factor. 4) 0.9DL* 1.5EL 6.2 Assumptions 6.3.2 Design Horizontal Earthquake Load The following assumptions shall be made in the 6.3.2.1 When the lateral load resisting elements are earthquake resistant design of structures: oriented along orthogonal horizontal direction, the structure shall be designed for the effects due to till a) Earthquake causesimpulsivegroundmotions, design earthquake load in onehorizontal direction at which arecomplexandirregular incharacter, time. changing inperiodandamplitudeeachlasting forasmall duration. Therefore, resonance of 6.3.2.2 When the lateral load resisting elements are the type as visualized under steady-state notorientedalongtheorthogonal horizontal directions, sinusoidal excitations, will not occur as it the stmcture shall bedesigned for the effects dueto wouldneedtime tobuildup suchamplitudes. foildesign earthquake loadinonehorizontal direction plus 30percent ofthe design earthquake load in the NOTE— However, there are exceptions where other direction. resonance-like conditions have been seen to occur between long distance waves and tall structures NOTE —For instance, the building should bedesigned founded on deep soft soils. for (+ELxi 0.3 EL.y)as well as (* 0.3 ELx* ELy ), b) Earthquake is not likely to occur where xandy are two orthogonal horizontal directions, simultaneously with wind ormaximum flood ELin 6.3.1.1 and 6.3.1,2 shall bereplaced by(ELxi 0.3 ELy )or (ELy i 0.3 .!Lh ). ormaximum seawaves, 6.3.3 Design Vertical Earthquake Load c) The value of elastic modulus of materials, wherever required, maybetaken asforstatic When effects due tovertical earthquake loads are to analysis unless a more definite value is be considered, the design vertical force shall be available for use in such condition ( see calculated in accordance with 6.4.5. IS456, IS 1343and IS800) 6.3.4 Combination for Two or Three Component 6.3 Load Combination and Increase inPermissible Motion Stresses 6.3.4.1 When responses from the three earthquake 6.3.1 Load Combinations components are tobe considered, the responses due When earthquake forcesareconsidered onastructure, to each component may be combined using the 13IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 assumption that when the maximum response from Zones III, IV,Vand lessthan 10in seismic Zone II, one component occurs, the responses from the other the vibration caused by earthquake may cause twocomponent are 30percent oftheir maximum. All liquefaction or excessive total and differential possible combinations ofthethree components (ELx, settlements. Such sites should preferably beavoided ELy and ELz )including variations in sign (plus or while locating newsettlements orimportant projects. minus )shall be considered, Thus, the response due Otherwise, this aspect of the problem needs to be earthquake force(EL )isthemaximum ofthefollowing investigated and appropriate methods ofcompaction three cases: orstabilization adopted to achieve suitable N-values as indicated in Note 3under Table 1.Alternatively, 1) %ELXO.3 ELyho.3ELz deep pile foundation may be provided and taken to 2) ELyO.3 ELx&O.3 ELz depthswellintothelayerwhich isnotlikelytoliquefi. Marine claysand other sensitive claysare alsoknown 3) ELz* 0.3 ELx&O.3 ELy to lique~ due to collapse of soil structure and will where xandy are two orthogonal directions and zis need special treatment according to site condition. vertical direction. NOTE — Specialist literature may be referred for 6.3.4.2 Asanalternative to the procedure in6.3.4.1, determining liquefaction potential of a site. the response (EL )due tothe combined effect ofthe 6.4 Design Spectrum three components can be obtained on the basis of ‘square root ofthe sum ofthe square (SRSS)‘ that 6.4.1 For the purpose ofdetermining seismic forces, is the country is classified into four seismic zones as shown in Fig. 1. EL = ~ (ELx)2+ (ELy)z+(ELz)2 NOTE — The combination procedure of 6.3.4.1 and 6.4.2 The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah 6.3.4.2 applytothe sameresponse quantity (say,moment for a structure shall be determined bythe following in a column about its major axis, or storey shear in a expression: frame) duetodifferent components ofthe ground motion. .zIsa 6.3.4.3 When two component motions ( say one Ah=— horizontal and one vertical, oronly two horizontal) 2Rg are combined, the equations in 6.3.4.1 and 6.3.4.2 Provided that for any structure with T<0.1 s, the should bemodified bydel>tingthe term representing value ofA~will not be taken less than Z/2whatever theresponse duetothe component ofmotionnotbeing be the value ofI/R considered. where 6.3.5 Increase in Permissible Stresses 6.3.5.1 Increase impermissible stresses inmaterials z. Zone factor given in Table 2, is for the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE ) When earthquake forces are considered along with and service life ofstructure in azone. The other normal design forces, the permissible stresses factor 2inthe denominator ofZisused so in material, in the elastic method ofdesign, maybe as to reduce the Maximum Considered increased byone-third. However, forsteels having a Earthquake (MCE)zonefactortothefktor definite yield stress, the stress belimited tothe yield forDesign BasisEarthquake (DBE ). stress; for steels without a definite yield point, the stress will be limited to 80 percent of the ultimate z= Importance factor, depending upon the strength or 0.2 percent proof stress, whichever is functional use of the structures, smaller; and that in prestressed concrete members, characterised by.hazardous consequences the tensile stre’ssinthe extreme fibers ofthe concrete of its failure, post-earthquake functional may be permitted so as not to exceed two-thirds of needs, historical value, or economic the modulus ofrupture ofconcrete. importance (Table 6). 6.3.5.2 Increase in allowable pressure in soils R= Response reduction factor, depending on theperceived seismic damage performance When earthquake forces are included, the allowable ofthe structure, characterised by ductile bearing pressure in soils shall be increased as per orbrittle deformations. However, the ratio Table 1, depending upon type of foundation of the (I/R )shall notbegreater than 1.0( Table structure and the type of soil. 7). Thevalues ofRforbuildings aregiven In soil deposits consisting ofsubmerged loose sands inTable7. and soils falling under classification SP with S’a/g = Average response acceleration coefficient standard penetration N-values lessthan 15in seismic 14IS1893( Part 1): 2002 Table 1 Percentage ofPermissible Increase in Allowable Bearing Pressure orResistance of Soils (L’lause 6.3.5.2) S1 No. Foundation Type of Soil Mainly Constituting the Foundation A r > Type IRock or Hard Soil : Type H Medium S&ls : TypeIIISoft Soils: AU Wellgraded gravel and sand Allsoils withN between 10 soils other than SP’J gravel mixtures with or and 30, and poorly graded with N< 10 without clay binder, and sands or gravelly sands with clayey sands poorly graded little or no fines ( SP1~) or sand clay mixtures ( GB, with N> 15 CW, SB, SW, and SC )1) having )@ above 30, where Nisthe standard penetration value (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 1) Piles passing through any 50 50 50 soilbut resting on soiltype I ii) Piles not covered under 25 25 item i iii) Raft foundations 50 50 50 iv) Combined isolated RCC 50 25 25 footing with tie beams v) Isolated RCC footingwithout 50 25 — tie beams, or unreinforced strip foundations vi) Well foundations 50 25 25 NOTES 1The allowable bearing pressure shall be determined in accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888. 2 If any increase in bearing pressure has already been permitted for forces other than seismic forces, the total increase in allowable bearing pressure when seismic force is also included shall not exceed the limits specified above. 3 Desirable minimum field values ofN— If soils of smaller N-values are met, compacting may be adopted to achieve these values or deep pile foundations going to stronger strata should be used. 4The values ofN(corrected values )are atthe founding level and the allowable bearing pressure shall bedetermined in accordance with IS 6403 or IS 1888. , Seismic Zone Depth Below Ground N-Values Remark level (in metres ) III, IV and V <5 15 > lo 25 Forvalues ofdepths between 5mand 10 m, linear interpolation is 11( for important <5 15 recommended structures only ) > Ir) 20 5 The piles should be designed for lateral loads neglecting lateral resistance ofsoil layers liable to liquefy. 6 IS 1498 and IS 2131 may also be referred. 7 Isolated R,C.C. footing without tie beams, or unreinforced strip foundation shall not be permitted in soft soils with N<1O. 1)See IS 1498. 2)See IS 2131. 15IS-1893 (Part 1) :2002 for rock orsoil sites asgiven byFig. 2and foundations placed between the ground level and Table3basedonappropriate natural periods 30mdepth,thedesignhorizontal accelerationspectrum and damping ofthe structure. These curves value shall be linearly interpolated between Ahand represent free tleld groundmotion. 0.5Ah,where Ahisas specified in 6.4.2. NOTE — For various types of structures, the 6.4.5 The design acceleration spectrum for vertical values ofImportance Factor I,ResponseReduction motions, when required, maybetaken astwo-thirds Factor R, and damping values are given in the ofthedesignhorizontalaccelerationspectrumspecitled respective parts of this standard. The method in 6.4.2. (empirical orotherwise )to calculate the natural periods ofthestructure tobeadopted forevaluating Figure 2 shows the proposed 5percent spectra for S,/g is sdso given in the respective parts of this rockyand soilssitesand Table3givesthe multiplying standard. factors for obtaining spectral values forvarious other Table2 ZoneFactor,Z clampings. (Clause 6.4.2) For rocky, or hard soil sites Seismic II 111 Iv v 1+15~ 0.00< Ts”o.lo s, Zone = 2.50 O.1O<T<O.4O g Seismic Low Moderate Severe Very l.00/T 0.40< TS4.00 -1 Intensity Severe For medium soil sites z 0.10 0.16 0,24 0.36 1+15~ O.OO<TSO.1O 6.4.3 Where anumber ofmodes aretobeconsidered s ~ = 2.50 O.1O<T<O.55 for dynamic analysis, the value of Ah as defined g in 6.4.2 for each mode shall bedetermined using the I 1.361T 0.55 sT<4.00 natural period ofvibration ofthat mode. For soft soil sites 6.4.4 For underground structures and foundations 1+15Z 0.00ST<O.1O at depths of 30 m or below, the design horizontal Sa acceleration spectrum value shallbetaken ashalf the = 2.50 0.10STsO.67 T value obtained from 6.4.2. For structures and 1.67/T 0.67 ST<4.00 1 3.0 1 r I r r , , Type 1 (Rock, or Hard So 2.5 ..... ‘, Type II (Medium Soil) ‘, ,. ‘! ,, T \ ‘. h /Tv~e II1(Soft Soil) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 ----------- --.--.--:.......... — ---------- — 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1“5 2’0 2“5 3“0 3“5 4“0 Period(s) Fm. 2 RESPONSSEPECTR~AR ROCKANDSOILSITESFOR5PERC~ DAMPM 16IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 6.4.6 Incasedesign spectrum isspecifically prepared and 6.3.1.2 wherethegravity loadsarecombined with for a structure at a particular project site, the same the earthquake loads [that is, in load combinations maybeused fordesign atthe discretion ofthe project (3) in6.3.1.1,and(2)in6.3.1.2]. Nofurther reduction authorities in the imposed load will be used as envisaged in IS 875( Part 2)for number ofstoreys above the one 7 BUILDINGS under consideration or for large spans ofbeams or floors. 7.1 Regular and Irregular Configuration 7.3.4 Theproportions ofimposedloadindicated above Toperform well in an earthquake, abuilding should forcalculating thelateraldesignforcesforearthquakes possessfourmain attributes,namelysimpleandregular are applicable to average conditions. Where the cotilguration, and adequate lateral strength, stiffness probable loads at the time of earthquake are more andductility. Buildingshavingsimpleregolargeomet~ accurately assessed, the designer may alter the and uniformly distributed mass and stiffness inplan proportions indicated or even replace the entire aswellasin elevation, suffer much lessdamage than imposed load proportions bythe actual assessed load. buildings with irregular configurations. Abuilding Insuch cases,where the imposed load isnot assessed shall be considered as irregular for the purposes of asper 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 onlythat part ofimposed load, this standard, if at least one ofthe conditions given which possesses mass, shall be considered. Lateral in Tables 4and 5isapplicable, design force for earthquakes shall not be calculated oncontribution ofimpact effectsfrom imposed loads. 7.2 Importance Factor Zand Response Reduction FactorR 7.3.5 Other loads apart from those given above (for example snow and permanent equipment ) shall be Theminimumvalueofimportanm factor,1,forditlerent considered as appropriate. building systems shall be as given in Table 6. The response reduction factor, R, for different building 7.4 Seismic Weight systems shall be as given in Table 7. 7.4.1 Seismic Weight of Floors 7.3 Design Imposed Loads for Earthquakes Force The seismic weight ofeach floor is itsfull dead load Calculation plusappropriate amount ofimposed load, asspecified in7.3.1and7.3.2. Whilecomputingtheseismicweight 7.3.1 For various loading classes as specified in ofeach floor, theweight ofcolumns and walls in any IS875( Part 2),theearthquakeforceshallbecalculatcxl storey shall beequally distributed tothe floors above forthe full dead load plus the percentage ofimposed and below the storey. load asgiven in Table 8. 7.4.2 Seismic Weight of Building 7.3.2 For calculating the design seismic forces ofthe structure, the imposed load on roof need not be The seismic weight of the whole building is the sum considered. ofthe seismic weights ofall the floors. 7.3.3 The percentage ofimposed loads givenin 7.3.1 7.4.3 Anyweight supported inbetween storeys shall and 7.3.2 shall alsobeused for ‘Wholeframe loaded’ bedistributed tothe floorsaboveand belowininverse condition intheloadcombinations specifiedin6.3.L1 proportion to its distance from the floors. Table3 Multiplying Factorsfor Obtaining Valuesfor Other Damping (Clause 6.4.2) Damping, o 2 5 7 10 15 20 25 30 percent Factors 3.20 1,40 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0,60 0.55 0.50 17IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 Table4 Definitions ofIrregular Buildings — Table5— Concluded Plan Irregularities (Fig. 3) S1No. Irregularity Type and Description (Clause 7.1 ) (1) (2) S1No. Irregularity Type and Description ii) MassIrregulari@ (1) (2) Mass irregularity shall beconsidered toexist where i) Torsion Irregularity the seismic weight ofany storey is more than 200 Tobe considered when floor diaphragms are rigid percentofthatofitsadjacent storeys. Theirregularity intheir ownplaninrelation tothevertical structural need not be considered in case of roofs elements that resist the lateral forces. Torsional iii) Vertical Geometric Irregularity irregularity to be considered to exist when the maximum storey drift, computed with design Vertical geometric irregularity shall be considered eccentricity, atoneend ofthe structures transverse toexistwherethehorizontal dimension ofthelateral to an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of force resisting system in any storey is more than the storey drifts at the two ends of the structure 150 percent of that in its adjacent storey ii) Re-en?rant Corners iv) In-PlaneDiscontinuity inVerticalElenrentsResisttng Plan configurations of a structure and its lateral Lateral Force force resisting system contain re-entrant corners, A in-plane offset of the lateral force resisting where both projections ofthe structure beyond the elements greater than the length ofthose elements re-entrant corner are greater than 15 percent of its plan dimension in the given direction v) Discontinuity inCapaciQ —WeakStrorey A weak storey is one in which the storey lateral iii) Diaphragm Discontinuity strength islessthan 80percent ofthat inthe storey Diaphragms withabrupt discontinuities orvariations above, The storey lateral strength is the total instiffness, including those having cut-out oropen strength of all seismic force resisting elements areas greater than 50percent of the gross enclosed sharing thestorey shear intheconsidered direction. diaphragm area, orchanges ineffective diaphragm stiffness of more than 50 percent from one storey to the next Table6Importance Factors,1 iv) Out-of-Plane Offsets (Clause 6.4.2) Discontinuities in a lateral force resistance path, such as out-of-plane offsets of vertical elements S1No. Strue ture Importance v) Non-parallel Systems Factor The vertical elements resisting the lateral force (1) (2) (3) are not parallel to or symmetric about the major orthogonal axesorthelateralforceresisting elements i) Important service and community buildings, such as hospitals; schools; monumental structures; emergency Table5 Definition ofIrregular Buildings — 1.5 buildings like telephone exchange, Vertical Irregularities (Fig. 4) television stations, radio stations, railway stations, fire station buildings; (Clause 7.1 ) large community halls like cinemas, assembly halls and subway stations, S1No. Irregularity Type and Description power stations (1) (2) ii) AUother buildings 1.0 i) a)Stiffness Irregularity —Soft Storey NOTES A soft storey is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70 percent ofthat inthe storey above 1 Thedesign engineer may choose values ofimportance orlessthan 80percent oftheaveragelateral stiffness factor I greater than those mentioned above. of the three storeys above 2 Buildings not covered inSINo. (i) and (ii) above may b)Stiffness Irregularity —Extreme Soft Storey bedesignedfor highervalueofZ,depending oneconomy, A extreme soft storey is one in which the lateral strategy considerations likemulti-storey buildings having stiffness islessthan 60 percent ofthat inthe storey several residential units. aboveorlessthan 70percent ofthe averagestiffness 3 This does not apply to temporary structures like ofthe three storeys above. For example, buildings excavations, scaffolding etc of short duration. on STILTS will fall under this category, 18IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 I I \ \ i, / \l i . VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF SEISMIC RESISTING SYSTEM —-—— -- —.. —.—— FLOOR i i Al I J_ I Az +-----------+f 3ATorsional Irregularity -r I A\L> O-15-0,20 IL-r L ‘7 L2 7 A2 Al 3BRe-entrant Corner FIG.3 PLANIRREGULARITI—ESContinued 19IS1893( Part 1) :2002 MASS RESISTANCE ECCENTRICITY m“m VERTICAL COMPONENTS OF SEISMIC RESISTING SYSTEM E OPENING FLOOR 3CDiaphragm Discontinuity +--SHEAR WALL ///////// ///,’// /////// BUILDING SECTION o WALLS D 3 D Out-of-Plane Offsets EE3 BUILDING PLAN 3 ENon-Parallel System FIG.3 PLANIRREGULARITIES 20----- ----- ----- ------ ------ ------ ------ -.-IS 1893(-Part 1)-:2002 - ---- EEEEl!iliE13li STOREY STIFFNESS FOR THE BUILDING kn # kn-l SOFT STOREY WHEN kn-2 ki< 0.7 kl+l B ki+l +ki+2 +ki+s ~ OR ki<08 ( k3 3 1 kz k, H // / 4AStiffness Irregularity SEISMIC WEIGHT Wn w n-l n-2 B W2 mw MASS IRREGULARITY WHEN, Wt >20 Wi_l OR Wi> 20 Wl+l 4 BMass Irregularity FIG.4VERTICALIRREGULARITI—ESContinued 21IS1893( Part 1): 2002 Q&j A A AIL>O-10 AIL>0-15 ALA b 4 C Vertical Geometric Iregularity when L2>1.5 L, STOREY STRENGTH (LATERAL) B.Fn Fn.l Fn.2 . 4 DIn-Plane Discontinuity inVertical Elements Resisting 4Eweak Storey when ~ c 0,8 ~ +1 Lateral Force when b>a FIG.4VEKHCALIRREGULAIUHSS 22IS1893( Part 1): 2002 Table7 Response Reduction Factor l),R, forBuilding Systems . (Clause 6.4.2) S1No. Lateral Load Resisting System R (1) (2) (3) Building Frame Systems i) Ordinary RC moment-resisting frame ( OMRF )2) 3.0 ii) Special RC moment-resisting frame ( SMRF )3) 5.0 iii) Steel frame with 4 . a) Concentric braces 4.0 b) Eccentric braces 5.0 iv) Steel moment resisting frame designed as per SP 6 ( 6 ) 5.0 Building with Shear Walls4~ v) Load bearing masonry wall buildings) a) Unreinforced 1.5 b) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands 2.5 c) Reinforced with horizontal RC bands and vertical bars at corners ofrooms and 3.0 jambs of openings vi) Ordinary reinforced concrete shear walls@ 3.0 vii) Ductile shear walls7) 4.0” Buildings with Dual Systemss) viii) Ordinary shear wall with OMRF 3.0 ix) Ordinary shear wall with SMRF 4,0 x) Ductile shear wall with OMRF 4.5 xi) Ductile shear wall with SMRF 5.0 0 The va]ues ofresponse riduction fact&s are to beused for buildings with lateral load resisting elements, and notJust for the lateral load resisting elements built in isolation. 2)OMRF are those designed and detailedasperIS456 or Is 800”but not meeting ductile detailing reqllirertleMllt per IS 13920 or SP 6 (6) respectively. b 3)SMRF defined in 4.15.2. 4)Buildings with shear walls also include buildings having shear walls and frames, but where: a) frames are not designed to carry lateral loads, or b) frames are designed to carry lateral loads but do not fulfil the requirements of ‘dual systems’. 5)Reinforcement should be as per IS 4326. 6)Prohibited in zones IV and V. n Ductile shear walls are those designed and detailed as per IS 13920. s)Buildings with dual systems consist of shear walls ( or braced frames )and moment resisting frames such that: a) the two systems are designed to resist the total design force in proportion to their lateral stiffness considering the interaction of the dual system at all floor levels,;and b) the moment resisting frames are designed to independently resist at least 25 percent ofthe design seismic base shear, .23 ,, ,IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 Table8 Percentage ofImposedLoadtobe 7.6.2 The approximate fundamental natural period Considered in Seismic Weight Calculation ofvibration (T,), in seconds, ofall other buildings, including moment-resisting fimnebuildings withbrick (Clause 7.3.1 ) intil panels, may be estimated by the empirical expression: Imposed Uniformity Percentage of Imposed Distributed Floor Load 0.09 Loads (kN/ mz ) ‘= m (1) (2) where Upto and including 3.0 25 h= Heightofbuilding, inw asdefinedin7.6.l; Above 3.0 50 and * 7.5 Design Lateral Force d= Basedimension ofthebuilding attheplinth level, in m,along the considered direction 7.5.1 Buildingsandportionsthereofshallbedesigned ofthe lateral force. andconstructed,toresisttheeffectsofdesignlateral . forcespecified in7.5.3 asaminimum. 7.7 Distribution ofDesign Force 7.7.1 Vertical Distribution ofBase Shear to Differmt 7.5.2 The design lateral force shall firstbecomputed Floor LeveLr forthe building asawhole. This design lateral force shall then be distributed to the various floor levels. The design base shear (V~)computedin 7.5.3 shall The overall design seismicforcethus obtained ateach bedistributedalong theheight ofthebuilding asper floorlevel,shallthenbe distributedtoindividual lateral thefollowing expression: load resisting elements depending on the floor W h,z diaphragm action. l’ Qi=J’B. 7.5.3 Design Seismic Base Shear The total design lateral force ordesign seismic base where shear ( VB)along any principal direction shall Qi = Design lateral force atfloor i, be determined by the following expression: Wi= Seismic weight offloor i, V~ = AhW hi = Height offloor imeasured from base, and where n . Number of storeys in the building is the Ah = Design horizontal acceleration spectrum number of levels atwhich the masses are value asper 6.4.2, using the fundamental located. naturalperiod T,asper7.6intheconsidered 7.7.2 Distribution ofHorizontal Design Lateral Force direction ofvibration, and to Different Lateral Force Resisting Elements w. Seismicweight ofthebuilding asper7.4.2. 7.7.2.1 Incaseofbuildings whose floors are capable 7.6 Fundamental Natural Period ofproviding rigid horizontal diaphragm action, the total shearin anyhorizontal plane shallbedistributed 7.6.1 The approximate fundamental natural period tothe variousvertiealelementsoflateralforceresisting ofvibration (T,), in seconds, ofamoment-resisting system, assuming the floors tobe infinitely rigid in frame building without brick in.fd panels may be the horizontal plane. estimated bythe empirical expression: 7.7.2.2 In case ofbuilding whose floor diaphragms T. = 0,075 h07s forRCframebuilding cannotbetreated asinfinitely rigid intheir ownplane, = 0.085 h075 for steelframe building the lateral shear at each floor shall be distributed to the vertical elements resisting the lateral forces, where considering thein-plane flexibility ofthe diaphragms. h = Height ofbuilding, in m. This excludes NOTES thebasement storeys,wherebasementwalls 1A floor diaphragm shaJlbeconsidered tobeflexible, are connected with the ground floor deck ifitdeforms suchthat themaximum lateral displacement or fitted between the building columns. measured from the chord of the deformed shape at But it includesthebasement storeys,when any point ofthe diaphragm is more than 1.5 times the they are not so connected. average displacement of the entire diaphragm. 24 .IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 2 Reinforced concrete monolithic slab-beam floors or buildingshallbepetiormedasperestablishedmethods those consisting ofprefabricated/precast elements with ofmechanicsusingtheappropriatemasses and elastic topping reinforced screedcanbetaken arigid diaphragms. stiffness ofthe structuralsystem, toobtain natural 7.8 Dynamic Analysis periods(T) andmodeshapes{$} ofthoseofitsmodes ofvibrationthatneedtobeconsideredasper7.8.4.2. 7.8.1 Dynamic analysis shallbepefiormedtoobtain thedesignseismicforce,anditsdistributiontodifferent 7.8.4.2 Modes to be considered levelsalongtheheightofthebuildingandtothevarious lateral load resisting elements, for the following Thenumber ofmodestobeusedinthe analysis should buildings: besuchthatthesumtotalofmodalmassesofallmodes considered isat least 90percent ofthe total seismic a) Regular buildings — Those greater than massand missing masscorrection beyond 33percent. 40min height inZones IVand ~ and those Ifmodes with natural frequency beyond33 Hzareto greater than 90min height in Zones IIand beconsidered, modal combination shallbecarried out 111.Modelling asper 7.8.4.5 can beused. onlyformodesupto33Hz. The effectofhigher modes b) irregular buildings (as defined in 7.1 )— shall be included by considering missing mass Allfiamedbuildingshigherthan12minZones correction following well established procedures. IVand~andthosegreaterthan40minheight inZones11andIII. 7.8.4.3 Analysis of building subjected to design forces Theanalyticalmo&lfordynamicanalysisof buildings with unusual configuration should be such that it Thebuilding maybeanalyzed byaccepted principles adequatelymodelsthetypesofirregularitiespresent ofmechanics forthedesignforcesconsidered asstatic in thebuilding configuration. Buildings with plan forces. irregularities,asdefimedinTable4(asper7.1), cannot bemodelledfordynamicanalysisbythemethodgiven 7.8.4.4 Modal combination in7.8.4.5. The peak response quantities (for example, member NOTE — For irregular buildings, lesser than 40 m in forces, displacements, storey forces, storey shears height inZones 11and III, dynamic anrdysis, eventhough andbasereactions )shallbecombinedasper Complete not mandatory, is recommended. Quadratic Combination (CQC)method. 7.8.2 Dynamic analysis may be performed either I ,, by the Time History Method or by the Response Spectrum Method. However, in either method, the design base shear ( VB) shall be compared with abase shmr ( J?B) calculated using a fundamental period T,, where where T, is asper7.6. Where t’~isless than ~~, all theresponsequantities (for examplememberforces, r . Numberofmodesbeing considered, displacements, storeyforces, storeyshearsandbase reactions) shall bemultiplied by~~/ V~. pij = Cross-modalcoeffkient, 7.8.2.1 Thevalue ofdamping forbuildings maybe Ai = Response quantity in mode i ( including .’ takenas2and5percentofthecritical,forthepurposes sign ), ofdynamic analysis ofsteelandreinforcedconcrete Lj = Response quantity in modej (including buildings, respectively. sign ), 7.8.3 TimeHistory Method 8&(l+J3)~15 Time history method of analysis, when used, shall pij = bebased on an appropriate ground motion and shall (l+p2)2+452p( l+/.3)2 beperformed using accepted principles ofdynamics. ~= Modaldamping ratio (inffaction) as ‘7.8.4 Response Spectrum Method specified in 7.8.2.1, Response spectrum method of analysis shall be p= Frequency ratio = O,/(oi, performedusingthedesignspectrumspecifiedin6.4.2, 0.),= Circular frequeney in ith mode, and or by a site-specific design spectrum mentioned in 6.4.6. (l)j= Circular frequeney injth mode. 7.8.4.1 Free Ebration Analysis Alternatively, the peak response quantities may be Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire combined asfollows: 25IS 1893 (Part 1) :20{)2 a) If the building does not have closely-spaced c) Design Lateral Force atEach Floor in Each modes, then the peak response quantity Mode — Thepeak lateral force (Qi~)atfloor ( k ) due to all modes considered shall be iin mode k is given by obtained as Q,k= .4k~,~‘k ‘, where .4k = Design’ horizontal acceleration spectrum value as per 6.4.’2 using the natural period ofvibration (Tk) ofmode k. k~ = Absolute value ofquantity in modek,and d) Storey Shear Forcev in Each Mode — The r = Number ofmodes being considered , peak shear force ( P’,k) acting in storey i in b) Ifthebuilding hasafewclosely-spacedmodes mode k is given by (see 3.2), then the peak response quantity & (k“ ) due to these modes shall be obtained as j=l+l e) Storey Shear Forcetv due to .411 A40dev C’onividered — The peak storey shear force ( Vi) in storey iduetoall modes considered where the summation isforthe closely-spaced modes isobtained bycombining those due to each only This peak response quantity due tothe closely mode inaccordarice with 7:8.4.4. spaced modes ( L“) is then combined with those of the remaining well-separated modes bythe method f) Lateral ~orces at Each Storey Due to .411 described in 7.8.4.4 (a). Mode,v Con,videred — The design lateral forces, F,,,,,f and F,, at roof and at floor i : 7.8.4.5 Buildings with regular, ornominally irregyla~{ plan configurations may be modelled asa system of F,,,,,f = I;,,(,f, and nm.seslumpedatthefloorlevelswitheachmasshaving F, * [/;– J.:+, one degree offreedom, that of lateral displacement 7.9 Torsion inthe direction under consideration. In such acase; .! thefollowingexpressions shallholdinthecomputation 7.9.1 Provision shall be made jn all buildings for. ofthe various quantities : “ increase inshear forces on.the lateral force resisting elementsresultingfromthehorizontaltorsionalmoment a) A40dalA4ass — Themockdmass(M~)ofmode arising duetoeccentricity between the centre ofmass k is given by and centre ofrigidity. The design forces calculated as in 7,8.4.5 are to be applied at the centre of nl~s appropriately displaced so as to cause design eccentricity ( 7.9.2 )between the displaced centre of, massandcentreofrigidity.However,negativetorsional shear shall beneglected. l 7.9.2 The design eccentricity, e~itobe used atfloor -. where ishall be taken as: ~ = Acceleration due to gravity, 1.5e,,+0,05b, . $i~= Mode shape coefficient at floor Jin ‘dl = mode k, and ,1 or e,i – 0.05 bi Py = Seismic weight offloor i. whichever of these gives the more severe effect n the shear ofany’framewhere b) Modal Participation Factors — The modal participation factor (P~)ofmodekis ‘dl = Static eccentricity atfloor idefined asthe given by: distancebetween centre ofmassand centre ofrigidity, and xn ‘, @,k b, = Floor plan dimension of floor i, perpendicular tothe direction offorce. NOTE — The factor 1.5 represents dynamic amplification factor, while the factor 0,05 represents ,=1 the extent of accidental eccentricity. 26IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 7.9.3 In case ofhighly irregular buildings analyzed direction under consideration, donotlosetheir vertical according to 7.8.4”.5, additive shears will be load-carrying capacity under the induced moments superimposed for astatically applied eccentricity of resulting from storey deformations equal toR times +().()5b, with respect to the centre ofrigidity the storey displacements calculated as per 7.11.1. where R isspecified inTable 7. 7.10 Buildings with Soft Storey NOTE— For instauce, cnnsider a flat-slab building in 7.10.1 In case buildings with a flexible storey, such which lateral Inadresistance isprovided by shear walls. SincetheIsstersdloadresistance rfthe slab-column system as the ground storey consisting of open spaces for is small. these are nften designed nnly for the gravity parking that is Stilt buildings, special arrangement needs loads, while allthe seismic force isresisted bythe shear to be made to increase the lateral strength and stiffness walls. Eventhnugh theslabsandcolumns arenotrequired of the soft/open storey. to share the lateral forces, these det-orm with rest ot’ the structure. under seismic force, The concern is tbtit 7.10.2 Dynamic analysis ofbuilding is carried out under such detbrmations, the slab-column system should including the strength and stiffness effects ofinfills not lose its vertical Iuad capucity. andinelasticdeformationsinthemembers,particularly, 7.11.3 Separation Between .4djacent [Jnits those in the soft storey, and the members designed accordingly, Twoadjacent buildings. ortwo adjacent units ofthe same building with separatiolljoint in between shall 7.10.3 Alternatively, the following design criteria are be separated by adistance equal to the amount Rtimes to be adopted after carrying out the earthquake the sum ofthe calculated storey displacements asper analysis, neglecting the effect ofinfill walls inother 7.11.1 of each of them, to avoid damaging con~act storeys: when thetwounits deflect towards each other. When floor levels oftwosimilar adjacent units orbuildings a) the columns and beams ofthe soft storeyare tobedesigned for2.5times the storeyshears are at the same elevation levels, factor R in this requirement maybereplaced byR/2. and moments calculated under seismic loads specified in the other relevant clauses: or. 7.12 Miscellaneous b) besides the columns designed and detailed 7.12.1 Foundations forthecalculated storeyshears andmoments, shear walls placed symmetrically in both The use of foundations vulnerable to significant directions ofthe building as far away from differential settlement due toground shaking shall the centre ofthe building as feasible; to be beavoided for structures inseismic Zones III, IVand designed exclusively for 1.5times thelateral V InseismicZonesIVandV,individualspreadfootings storey shear force calculated as before, or pile caps shall be interconnected with ties, (.~ee5.3.4.1of1S4326)exceptwhenindividual spread 7.11 Deformations footings aredirectly supported onrock. All ties shall becapableofcarrying, intension and incompression, 7.11.1 Store,v Drift Limitation an axial force equal to.4, /4 times the larger of the ,1 column or pile cap load, in addition to the otherwise The storey drift in any storey due to the minimum computed forces, Here, i4his as per 6.4.2. specified design lateral force, with partial load factor of 1,(). shall not exceed O.()()4 times the storey height, 7.12.2 Cantilever Projectioniv For the purposes of displacement requirements only 7.12.2.1 Wrtica[ projection,r (see 7.11.1,7.11.2 and 7.11.3 only), it is permissible Tower, tanks, parapets, smoke stacks ( chimneys) to use seismic force obtained from the computed and other vertical cantilever projections attached to fundamental period (7’) of the building without the buildings and projecting above the roof, shall be lower bound limit on design seismic force specified designed and checked for stability for five times the in 7.8.2. design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah specified There shall be no drift limit for single storey building in 6.4.2. In the analysis ofthe building, the weight which has been designed to accommodate storey drift. ofthese projecting elements will be lumped with the roofweight. 7.11.2 Defer-mation Conlpatibility of Non-Se isnlic A~enlhers 7.12.2.2 Horizontal projection Forbuilding locatedinseismicZonesIVand~ itshall Allhorizontal projections likecornices andbalconies be ensured that the structural components, that are shall be designed and checked for stability for not apart ofthe seismic force resisting system inthe five times the design vertical coefficient specified 27IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 in 6.4.5 (that is = 10/3A~). 7.12.4 Connections Between Parts 7.12.2.3 The increased design forces specified Allpartsofthebuilding,exceptbetweentheseparation in 7.12.2.1 and 7.12.2.2 areonly fordesigning the sections, shall be tied together to act as integrated projectingpartsandtheirconnections withthemain singleunit. All connectionsbetween differentparts, structures.Forthedesignofthemainstructure,such such as beams to columns and columns to their increase need not be considered. footings, should be made capable of transmitting a force, in all possible directions, of magnitude 7.12.3 Compound Walls (Qi/wi)timesbut notlesst&m 0.05 timestheweight Compound walls shall be designed for the design ofthe smallerpartorthe total of deadandimposed horizontal coeftlcient Ahwith importance factor loadreaction. Frictionalresistanceshallnotberelied 1= 1.0 specified in 6.4.2. uponforfulfilling theserequirements. . . 281S1893 (Part 1):2002 ANNEX A (Foreword) 68° 72° AND SURROUNDING SHOWING EPICENTRES ‘ 8 ,,~ 48o 32° KILOMETRES c o V&, ~ ~’p n-o n ~ RA?PUR 2 20 o 1 16’ 1 1 12“ 8° @Government of India, Copyright Year 2001. Based upon Survey of India map with the permission ofthe Surveyor General of India. The responsibility forthe correctness of internal details rests with the publisher. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to distance oftwelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line. The administrative headquarters of Chandigarh, Haryana and Punjab are at Chandigarh. The interstate boundaries between Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya shown on this map are as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganization) Act, 1971, but have yet to beverified. The external boundaries and coastlines of India agree with the Record/Maater Copy certified bySurvay of India. 29As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left BlankA..>.. IS1893( Part 1): 2002 ANNEX D ( Foreword and Clause 3.15 ) COMPREHENSIVE INTENSITY SCALE (MSK64) The scale was discussed generally at the inter- d) Intensity Scale govermnental meeting convenedbyUNESCOinApril 1964.Though not finally approved the scale ismore 1. Not noticeable — The intensity of the vibration isbelow the limits of sensibility: comprehensive and describes the intensity of the tremor is detected and recorded by earthquake moreprecisely. Themain definitions used seismograph only. are followings; a) Tvpe of Structures (Buildings) 2. Sca~e(y noticeable (very slight) — Vibration is felt only by individual people at rest in Type.4 — Building in field-stone, rural houses, especially on upper floors of structures, unburnt-brick buildings. houses, clay houses. 3. Weak, partially observed only — The Tvpe B — Ordinary brick buildings, earthquake is felt indoors by afew people, buildings of large block and outdoors only in favorable circumstances. prefabricatedtype,halftimbered The vibration islike that dueto the passing structures, buildings innatural of alight truck. Attentive observers notice hewn stone, a slight swinging of hanging objects. Tvpe C — Reinforcedbuildings, wellbuilt somewhat more heavily onupper floors. wooden structures, 4. Largelv ob.verved — The earthquake isfelt b) Definition qfQuantitv: indoors by many people, outdoors by few. Here and there people awake, but no one is Single, few About 5 percent frightened. The vibration islike that dueto Many About 50 percent the passing of a heavily loaded truck. Windows, doors, and dishes rattle. Floors Most About 75 percent and walls crack. Furniture begins toshake. Hanging objects swing slightly. Liquid in c) Cla.~~iflcation of Danlage to Buildings open vessels are slightly disturbed. In Grade 1 Slight damage Fine cracks in plaster: standing motor cars the shock isnoticeable. fall of small pieces of plaster. 5. Awakening Grade2 Moderate damage Smallcracks inplaster: i) The earthquake is felt indoors by all, falloffairly largepieces outdoors bymany. Many people awake. ofplaster: pantiles slip A few run outdoors. Animals become off cracks inchimneys uneasy. Building tremble throughout. parts of chimney fall Hanging objects swing consider~bly. down, Picturesknockagainst wallsorswingout ofplace. Occasionally pendulum clocks Grade3 Hea%ydamage Large and deep cracks stop. Unstable objects overturn or shift. in plaster: fall of Opendoorsandwindowsarethrust open chimneys, andslambackagain. Liquidsspillinsmall Grade4 Destruction Gaps in walls: parts of amountsfromwell-filledopencontainers. buildings maycollapse: The sensation of vibration is like that separate parts of the due to heavy objects falling inside the buildings lose their buildipgs. cohesion: and inner ii) Slight damages inbuildings ofType A walls collapse, are possible. Grade5 Totaldamage Total collapse of the buildings. iii) Sometimes changes in flow ofsprings. 33 .IS1893( Part 1) :2002 6. Frightening roads on steep slopes; cracks in ground upto widthsofseveralcentimetres. Water i) Feltbymostindoorsandoutdoors. Many inlakes become turbid. Newreservoirs people inbuildings are frightened and come intoexistence. Drywellsrefilland run outdoors. Afewpersons loosetheir existingwellsbecomedry. Inmanycases, balance. Domestic animals run out of change in flow and level of water is their stalls. Infewinstances, dishes and observed. glasswaremaybreak,andbooksfalldown. Heavyfurniture maypossibly moveand 9. General damage of buildings small steeple bells mayring. i) General panic; considerable damage to ii) Damage ofGrade 1issustained insingle furniture. Animals run to and fro in buildings ofTypeBand inmany ofType confusion, and cry. A. Damage in fewbuildings ofType A ii) Manybuildings ofTypeCstier damage isofGrade 2. ofGrade 3,and afewofGrade 4. Many iii) In few cases, cracks up to widths of buildings ofType Bshow a damage of 1cmpossibleinwetground inmountains Grade 4 and a few of Grade 5. Many occasional landslips: change in flowof buildings of Type A suffer damage of springs and in level of well water are Grade 5. Monuments and columns fall. observed. Considerable damage to reservoirs; 7. Darnuge qf’ huildingv underground pipes partly broken, In individual cases, railway lines arebent i) Most people are frightened and run and roadway damaged. outdoors. Manyfind itdifllcult tostand. The vibration is noticed by persons iii) Onflat land overflow ofwater, sand and driving motor cars. Large bells ring. mud is often observed. Ground cracks towidths ofup to 10cm, on slopes and ii) Inmany buildings ofTypeCdamage of river banks more than 10cm. Further Grade 1iscaused: in many buildings of more, alarge number ofslight cracks in Type B damage is of Grade 2. Most ground; falls ofrock, many land slides buildings of Type A suffer damage of and earth flows; large waves in water. Grade 3, few of Grade 4. In single Drywells renew their flow and existing instances, landslides ofroadwayonsteep wells dry up. slopes:crack inroads; seamsofpipelines damaged; cracks in stone walls. 10. General destruction of building~ iii) Wavesareformed onwater,and ismade i) Manybuildings ofTypeCsufferdamage turbid by mud stirred up, Water levels ofGrade 4,andafewof Grade 5. Many in wells change. and theflow ofsprings buildings of Type B show damage of changes. Some times dry springs have Grade 5. Most of Type A have their flow resorted and existing springs destruction ofGrade 5. Critical damage stopflowing. In isolated instances parts to dykes and dams. Severe damage to of sand and gravelly banks slip off. bridges. Railway lines are bent slightly. Underground pipes are bent orbroken. 8. Destruction of buildings Road paving and asphalt show waves. i) Fright and panic; also persons driving ii) Inground, cracks uptowidths ofseveral motorcars aredisturbed, Hereandthere cent.imetres,sometimesupto1m, Parallel branches oftreesbreak off. Even heavy to water courses occur broad fissures. furniture moves and partly overturns. Loose ground slides from steep slopes. Hanging lamps are damaged inpart. From river banks and steep coasts, ii) Mostbuildings ofTypeCsufferdamage considerable landslides are possible. In of Grade 2, and few of Grade 3, Most coastal areas, displacement ofsand and buildings of Type B suffer damage of mud:changeofwaterlevelinwells;water Grade3.Most buildings ofTypeAsuffer from canals, lakes. rivers. etc. thrown damage ofGrade4. Occasionalbreaking on land. New lakes occur. of pipe seams. Memorials and monuments moveandtwist. Tombstones 11, Destruction o~.erturn. Stone walls collapse. i) Severe damage even to well built iii) Smalllandslips inhollowsandonbanked buildings. bridges, water dams and j4! IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 railway lines. Highwaysbecomeuseless ground are greatly damaged or Underground pipes destroyed. destroyed. ii) Ground considerably distorted bybroad ii) The surface of the ground is radically cracks andfissures, aswellasmovement changed. Considerable ground cracks in horizontal and vertical directions. with extensive vertical and horizontal Numerous landslips and falls ofrocks. movementsareobserved. Falling ofrock The intensity ofthe earthquake requires and slumping ofriver banks over wide tobe investigated specifically, areas, lakes are dammed; waterfalls appear and rivers are deflected. The 12, Land.~cape changes intensity ofthe earthquake requires to & i) Practicallyallstructuresaboveandbelow be investigated specially. ANNEX E ( Foreword) ZONE FACTORS FOR SOME IMPORTANT TOWNS Town Zone Zone Facto< Z Tbwn Zone Zone Facto< Z Agra III 0.16 Chitradurga II 0.10 Ahmedabad HI 0.16 Coimbatore HI 0,16 Ajmer II 0,10 Cuddalore III 0.16 Allahabad 11 0.10 Cuttack 111 0.16 Ahnora Iv 0,24 Darbhanga v 0.36 Ambala IV 0.24 Darjeeling lv 0.24 Arnritsar Iv 0.24 Dharwad III 0.16 Asansol III 0,16 Debra Dun N 0.24 Aurangabad H 0.10 Dharampuri III 0,16 Bahraich w 0,24 Delhi Iv 0,24 Bangalore II 0.10 Durfypur 111 0,16 Barauni Iv 0.24 Gangtok N ().24 Bareilly III 0.16 Guwahati v 0,36 Belgaum III 0.16 Goa 111 0.16 Bhatinda III 0.16 Gulbarga II 0.10 Bhilai I1 0.10 Gaya III 0.16 Bhopal D 0.10 Gorakhpur N 0.24 Bhubaneswar 111 0.16 Hyderabad II 0.10 Blmj v 0.36 hllphd v 0.36 Bijapur III 0.16 Jabalpur 111 0.16 Bikaner III 0.16 JaipLLr II 0.10 Bokaro 111 0.16 Jamshedpur H 0,10 Bulandshahr Iv 0,24 Jhansi II 0.10 Burdwan 111 0.16 Jodhpur II 0.10 Cailcut HI 0.16 Jorhat v 0,36 Chandigarh N ().24 Kakrapara 111 ().16 Chcnnai 111 0.16 Kalapakkam 111 0.16 35IS 1893( Part 1) :2002 70wn Zone Zone Factor Z Town Zone Zone Factoc Z Kanchipuram III 0.16 Pondicherry II 0.10 Kanpur III 0.16 Pune III 0.16 Karwar III 0.16 Raipur II 0.10 Kohima v 0.36 Rajkot III 0.16 Kolkata III 0.16 Ranchi II 0.10 Kota II 0,10 Roorkee W 0.24 Kurnool II 0.10 Rourkela II 0.10 Lucknow III 0.16 Sadiya v 0.36 Ludhiana Iv 0.24 Salem III 0.16 Madurai II 0.10 Simla lv 0.24 Sironj II 0.10 Mandi v 0.36 Solapur III 0.16 Mangalore III 0.16 Snnagar v 0.36 Monghyr w 0,24 Surat III 0.16 Moradabad IV 0,24 Tarapur III 0.16 Mumbai III 0.16 Tezpur v 0.36 Mysore It 0,10 Thane III 0.16 Nagpur II 0.10 Thanjavur II 0.10 Nagarjunasagar II 0.10 Thiruvananthapuram III 0.16 Nainital lv 0.24 Tiruchirappali II 0.10 Nasik III 0.16 Tiruvennamalai III 0.16 Nellore III 0.16 Udaipur II 0.10 Osmanabad III 0.16 Vadodara III 0.16 Panjim III 0.16 Varanasi IiI 0.16 Patiala III 0.16 Vellore III 0.16 Patna lv 0.24 Viayawada IN 0.16 Pilibhit lv 0,24 Vkhakhapatnam It 0.10 36IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 ANNEX F ( Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOS~ON Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, CED39 Organization Representative(s) In personal capcity ( 72/6 CivilLines, Roorkee 247667) DRA.S.AR~A(Chairman ) Bharat Heavy Electricrd Ltd, New Delhi SHRIN. C. ADDY I DRC. KAME.SHWARRAAO(Alternate 1) SHRIA. K. SINGH(Alternate 11) Building Materials Technology Promotion Council, SHRIT. N. GUPTA New Delhi SHRIJ. K.PRASAD(Alternate ) Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRIS. K. MHTAL SHRIV.K. GUPTA(Alternate ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(D) EXECUTIVEENGINEER(D) HI (Alternate ) Central Water Commission (ERDD ), New Delhi DIRECTORCMDD (N&W ) DIRECTOREMBANKMEN(TN&W) (Alternate) Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune SHRI1.D. GUPTA SHRIS. G. CHAPHALAKA(RAlternate ) D-CAD Technologies Pvt Ltd, New Delhi DRK. G. BHATIA Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi DR(SHRIMAT)IP.R. BOSE Department of Atomic Energy, Mumbai SHRIP.C. KGTESWARRAO SHRIS. RAMANLHA(MAlternate ) Department of Civil Engineering, University of Roorkee, PROFASHOKJAIN Roorkee Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DR S.K. THAKKAR Roorkee, Roorkee DR D.K. PAUL(Alernate I ) DR S. BASU(Alrernate 11) Engineer-in-Cbief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi COL (DR)SHRIPAL SHRIY.K. SINGHAL(Alternate ) Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi DR V.Y.SALPEKAR SHRIR. K. GROVER(Alternate ) & Gammon India Limited, Mumbai SHRIS.A. REDDI SHRIA. K. CHATTERJE(EAlternate 1) SHRIV.N. HAGGADE(Alternate 11) Geological Survey of India, Lucknow SHRIP. PANDEY t SHRIY.F?SHARDA(Alternate ) Housing Urban and Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRIV.ROY SHRID. P.SINGH(Alternate ) Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur DRS. K. JAIN DRC.V.R. MURTY(Alternate ) Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai DRRAWSINHA DRA. GOYAL(Al?ernate ) Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi DRS. N.,BHAITACHARYA SHRIV.K. MITTAL(AJternate ) I (Continued onpage 38) I 37 -IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 (Continued from page 37) Organization Representative(s) Indian Society of Earthquake Technology, Roorkee SHRIM. K. GUPTA DRD. K. PAUL(Alrernate ) Larsen and Toubro, Chennai SHRIK.JAYARAMAN SHRIS. KANAPPAN(Alternate ) Maharashtra Engineering Research Centre (MERI ), Nasik SHRIR. L. DAMANI SHRIS.V.KUMARASWAMY(Alternate ) Ministry of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRIN. K. SINHA SHRIR. S. NINAN(Alternate ) National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR ), Hyderabad SHRIS. C. BHATIA SHRIM. RAVIKUMAR(Alternate ) NationaJ Highway Authority of India, New Delhi SHRIN. K. SINHA SHRIG. SHARAN(Alternate ) National Hydro-Electric Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi CHIEPENGINEERC,D-HI National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRIR. S. BAJAI SHRIH. K. RAMKUMA(RAlternate ) North Eastern Council, Shillong SHRIL. K. GANJU SHRIA. D. KHARSHING(Alternate ) Nuclear Power Corporation, Mumbai SHRtU. S. P.VERMA Railway Board, Ministry of Railways, Lucknow EXECUTIVEDIRECTOR(B&S ) JOINTDIRECTOR(B&S )CB-1 (Alternate ) School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi SHRIV. THIRUVENDGADAM Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR ), Chennai SHRIC. V.VAIDYANATErAN DRB. SWARAMSARMA(Alternate ) Tandon Consultants Ltd, New Delhi DRMAHESHTANDON SHRIVINAYGUPTA(Alternate ) Tata Consulting Engineers, Mumbai SHRIK.V.SUBRA~ANIAN SHRIM. K. S.YOGI(Alternate ) Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Debra Dun SHRISURINDERKUMAR In personal capacity (E-53, Kapil Whan Faridabad ) SHRIP.L. NARULA BIS Directorate GeneraJ SHRtS.K. JAIN,Director &Head ( Civ Engg ) [Representing Director General (Ex-officio ) ] Member-Secretary SHRIS. CHATURVEDI Joint Director (Civ Engg ), BIS Earthquake Resistant Construction Subcommittee, CED 39:1 In personal capacity ( 72/6 Civil Lines, Roorkee 247667) DRA.S.ARYA(Convener) Building Material Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi SHRIT.N.GUPTA SHRIJ. K.PRASAD(Alternate ) Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRIM. P.JAISINGH SHRIV.K.GUPTA(Alternate ) (Continued onpage 39) 38IS 1893( Part 1): 2002 (Continued from page 38) Organization Representative(s) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING SURVEYOR OFWORKS( NDZ ) SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(D) ( Alternate ) Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi DR(SHRIMAT)IP.R. BOSE Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DRS. K. THAKKAR Roorkee, Roorkee DRD. K. PAUL(Alternate ) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi EXECUTIVEENGINEER( DESIGN) Housing and Urban Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRIB. K. CHAKRABORTY SHRID. P.SINGH(Alternate ) Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhi SHRIM. KUNDU Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai DRALOKGOYAL DRRAVISINHA(Al[ernate ) Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur DRSUDHIRK. JAIN DRC. V. R. MURTY(Alternate ) North Eastern Council, Shillong SHRiD. N. GHOSAI Public Works Department, Goverment of Himachat Pradesh, SHRIV. KAPUR Simla SHRIV. K KAPOOR(Alternate ) Public Works Department, Goverment of Jammu & Kashmir SHRIG. M. SHOUNTHU Public Works Department, Goverment of Assam, Guwahati SHRISUBRATACHAKRAVARTY Public WorksDepartment, Government ofGujarat, Gandhi Nagar SUPERINTENDINGENGINEER( DESIGN) Research, Design and Standards Organization, Lucknow JOINTDIRECTORSTDS(B&S)lCB-I ASSISTANTDIRECTORSTtX ( B&S )/CB-11 (Alternate) Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR ), Chennai SHRfC. V. VAIDYANATHAN SHR1B. StVARAMASARMA(Alternate ) Tandon Consultants Pvt Ltd, Delhi DR MAHESHTANDON SHRIVINAYGUPTA(Alternate ) Maps Subcommittee, CED 39:4 Inpersonalcapacity(E-53Kapil VihaCFaridabad ) SHRIP. L. NARULA( Convener ) BRIGK. K. GUPTA(Alternate ) Centrrd Water and Power Research Station, Pune DIRECTOR SHRIL D. GUPTA(Alternate) Department of Earthquake Engineering, University of DRS. BASU Roorkee, Roorkee DRASHWANKIUMAR(Alternate) Indian Meteorological Department, New Delhi DRS. N. BHATTACHARYA SHRIV.K.MHTAL(Alternate ) Institute of Petroleum EngineeringOil and Natural Gas DEPUTYGENERALMANAGER Commission, Debra Dun SUPERINTENDINGGEOPHYSICIST(Alternate ) National Geophysical Research Institute (CSIR ), Hyderabad SHRIS, C. BHATIA DRB. K. RASTOG](Alternate ) Survey of India, Debra Dun SHRIG. M. LAL 39Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS hasthecopyright ofallitspublications. Nopartofthesepublications maybe reproduced inanyformwithout the prior permission inwriting of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, inthe course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. 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3025_49.pdf	IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 (Reaffirmed 1999) Edition 2.1 (2000-10) Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTE WATER PART 49 ZINC ( First Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment No 1) UDC 628.1.032 : 628.3 : 543.3 [546.47] © BIS 2002 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 4Environmental Protection Sectional Committee, CHD 012 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Environmental Protection Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. Zinc is an essential and beneficial element in body growth. Concentration above 5 mg/l may cause a bitter astringent taste and opalescence in alkaline water. Zinc most commonly enters the domestic water supply from deterioration of galvanized iron and dezincification of brass. Zinc in water may also come from industrial water pollution. In the preparation of this standard considerable assistance has been derived from American Standard Test Methods (ASTM Annual Book Section 11, 1983) and Analytica Chimica Acta, 164 (1984) pp 1-21. The assistance so derived is thankfully acknowledged. This standard supersedes 17 of IS 2488 (Part 2) : 1968 and 39 of IS3025 : 1964. This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (October 2000). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The composition of the technical committee responsible for the formulation of this Indian Standard is given in Annex A.IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTE WATER PART 49 ZINC ( First Revision ) 1 SCOPE thoroughly with dilute nitric acid (6 N) prior to the final rinsing with water. The water samples This standard prescribes following four should be collected and stored preferably in methods for determination of zinc: polypropylene or chemically resistant glass a)Zincon Method, containers. For preservation, the samples b)Atomic Absorption Method (Direct), should be acidified with concentrated nitric c)Atomic Absorption Method (Chelation and acid (2ml of AR grade of nitric acid in 1litre Extraction), and just to bring down the pH below 2). Unacidified samples should be analysed the same day while d)Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping the acidified samples can be stored for a few Voltammetry (DPASV). days (5 days) in a refrigerator. Depending upon the concentration range and interference levels, choice of the method is 4 PURITY OF THE REAGENTS made. When the concentration levels are below 4.1Unless otherwise indicated, only AR/GR 200 µg/l, preconcentration is carried out either grade chemicals should be used for all the tests. by chelation and extraction prior to atomic 4.2Double distilled water, with a specific absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) or by conductivity of less than 1.0µmho/cm should be deposition on a mercury drop electrode as in used for preparing the standards and reagent DPASV method. For dissolved zinc content, solutions. filtration through 0.45 µm membrane filter is required. 5 ZINCON METHOD 2 REFERENCES 5.1 Principle 2.1The Indian Standards listed below contain Zinc (II) forms a soluble blue complex with provisions which through reference in this text, 2-carboxy-2-hydroxy-5-sulfoform-azyl benzene constitute provision of this standard. At the (zincon) at pH 9.0. The coloured complex obeys time of publication, the editions indicated were Beer’s law and is suitable for spectropho- valid. All standards are subject to revision and tometric measurements. parties to agreements based on this standards This method is applicable in the range from are encouraged to investigate the possibility of 0.02- 5 mg/l of zinc. applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below: 5.2 Interferences IS No. Title Though many heavy metals react with zincon 3025 (Part 1) : Methods of sampling and test and interfere in the analysis, treatment of the 1986 (physical and chemical) for sample as given in 5.5.1 with cyanide and water and wastewater : Part 1 chlorohexanone masks many of the interfering Sampling ( first revision ) metal ions. The following ions interfere beyond the concentrations given against each: 7022 (Part 1) : Glossary of terms relating to 1973 water, sewage and industrial Sl No. Ion Concentration, mg/l effluents : Part 1 i) Cd2+ 1 7022 (Part 2) : Glossary of terms relating to ii) Al3+ 5 1979 water, sewage and industrial iii) Mn2+ 5 effluents : Part II iv) Fe3+ 7 3 SAMPLING AND PRESERVATION v) Fe2+ 9 The sampling bottles shall be cleaned vi) Cr3+ 10 1IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 vii) Ni2+ 20 flask. Add 0.5g of sodium ascorbate, 1ml of viii) Cu2+ 30 cyanide solution, 5 m of buffer solution, 3ml of ix) Co2+ 30 zincon solution and 1ml of cyclohexanone solution in the above order with sufficient x) CrO4 50 precaution. Make up the solution to 500ml. 5.3 Apparatus Prepare a reagent blank by treating 50ml of double distilled water in the same way as 5.3.1Spectrophotometer — for use at 620nm described above. with 1cm cells. 5.5.2Measure the optical density of the sample 5.4 Reagents solution at 620nm against the reagent blank 5.4.1Sodium Hydroxide Solution — 40 g/l. containing added zinc and prepared in the same way except for the addition of 3ml of Dissolve 40g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in chloral hydrate. 500ml of water and make up to 1 litre. 5.5.3Calibration 5.4.2Sodium Hydroxide Solution — 240 g/l. Treat 50ml portions of standard solutions Dissolve 24g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in containing 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/l 25ml of water. Dilute to 100 ml with water. of zinc and treat as above and measure the 5.4.3Potassium Cyanide Solution absorbance. Plot absorbance versus milligram Dissolve 1g of potassium cyanide (KCN) in of zinc for the standards to get a calibration 50ml of water and dilute to 100ml. graph. Read the concentration of zinc in the sample from the calibration graph. NOTE — Potassium cyanide is a deadly poison. Avoid skin contact or inhalation of vapours. Do not pipette by 5.6 Calculation mouth or bring in contact with acids. M 5.4.4Cyclohexanone Solution Zinc, mg/l = -----×1000 V Dissolve 1ml of purified cyclohexanone in 50ml of water. where 5.4.5Zincon Solution M=mass of zinc present in mg in the sample, and Dissolve 0.325g of zincon reagent in 100ml of V=volume of sample in ml. methanol by heating gently. Cool. Dilute to 250ml with methanol in a 250ml standard 6 ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD flask. Store the reagent in a brown coloured (DIRECT) bottle. 6.1 Principle 5.4.6Sodium Ascorbate The zinc content of the sample is determined by Needed only when manganese content is more atomic absorption spectrophotometry. For than 0.2ppm. dissolved zinc, the filtered sample is directly 5.4.7Borate Buffer Solution aspirated to the atomizer. For total recoverable zinc, an acid digestion procedure is done prior Dilute 213ml of 1M NaOH solution to 500ml to aspiration of the sample. with water and dissolve 37.3g of potassium chloride and 31g of boric acid. Make up to This method is applicable in the range from 1litre in a standard flask. 0.01 to 2.0 mg/l. However, the concentration range will vary with the sensitivity of the 5.4.8Hydrochloric Acid — Concentrated. instrument used. 5.4.9Zinc ( II ) Solutions 6.2 Interferences Dissolve 0.2745 g of zinc sulphate Cadmium, lead, copper, nickel, cobalt and (ZnSO . H O) in 200ml of water and dilute to 47 2 chromium up to 10 mg/l do not interfere. Alkali 1 litre. 1 ml = 0.1mg of Zn. and alkaline earth metals can be tolerated up 5.5 Procedure to 4000 mg/l. Iron interferes at concentrations 5.5.1For dissolved zinc, filter the sample of 50 mg/l and above by suppressing the zinc through 0.45 µm membrane filter paper. For absorption. total zinc, add 1ml of concentrated 6.3 Apparatus hydrochloric acid to 50ml of sample and boil for 6.3.1Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 5minutes. Cool the solution and adjust the pH with Air-Acetylene Flame to 7 with sodium hydroxide solution (5.4.2). Make up the solution to 50ml in a standard 6.3.2Multi-element hollow-cathode lamps or flask. Take 10ml of this solution or the filtrate electrodeless discharge lamps for use at (in the case of dissolved zinc) in an Erlenmeyer 213.8nm. 2IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 6.4 Reagents This method is applicable for the concentration range from 1-200 µg/l. 6.4.1Hydrochloric Acid — Concentrated. NOTE — The lower range of determination to the 6.4.2Nitric Acid — Concentrated. extent of 0.001mg/l may be obtained by graphite 6.4.3Nitric Acid — Diluted (1 : 499). system. 7.2 Interferences — Same as in 6.2. 6.4.4Zinc ( II ) Solutions 7.3 Apparatus — Same as in 6.3. 6.4.4.1Stock zinc ( II ) solution 7.4 Reagents Dissolve 1g of acid washed and rinsed zinc granules or 1.245g of zinc oxide (ZnO) in 20ml 7.4.1Hydrochloric Acid — Concentrated. of 1 : 1 nitric acid. Dilute to 1 : 1 with water. 7.4.2Hydrochloric Acid — Diluted (1 : 2). 1ml=1.0mg of Zn. 7.4.3Hydrochloric Acid — Diluted (1 : 49). 6.4.4.2Standard zinc ( II ) solution 7.4.4Nitric Acid — Concentrated. Dilute 100ml of zinc stock solution and 1ml of nitric acid to 1litre with water. 7.4.5Pyrrolidine Dithio Carbamic Acid — Chloroform reagent: 6.5 Procedure 36ml of pyrrolidine is mixed with 1litre of 6.5.1Add 0.5ml of nitric acid to 100ml of the chloroform. The solution is cooled and 30ml of sample (filtered or unfiltered). If total carbon disulphide is added in small fractions recoverable zinc is to be determined, add 5ml with continuous stirring. Dilute with 1litre of of concentrated hydrochloric acid and filter the chloroform and store in a cool and dark place. sample through acid washed filter paper. Make The reagent is stable for at least six months. up to 100ml in a volumetric flask, aspirate the NOTE — As components of this mixture are highly toxic solution and measure the absorbance at and flammable, prepare and use in a fume hood. 213.8nm. Aspirate nitric acid (1 : 499) prior to 7.4.6Sodium Hydroxide Solution sample aspiration. Dissolve 100g of sodium hydroxide in water 6.5.2Prepare a reagent blank and sufficient and dilute to 1litre with water. standards containing 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mg/l of zinc by diluting suitable volume 7.4.7Chloroform of the standard solution with nitric acid 7.4.8Bromophenol Blue Indicator Solution (1:499) and repeat as above. Aspirate the Dissolve 0.1g of bromophenol blue in 100ml of solutions and measure the absorbance. 50 percent ethanol or isopropanol. 6.6 Calculations 7.4.9Stock Zinc ( II ) Solution 6.6.1Construct a standard calibration graph by Dissolve 1g of acid washed and rinsed zinc plotting the absorbance versus standard granules or 1.245g of zinc oxide (ZnO) in 20ml concentration for each standard. Read the of 1 : 1 HNO . Dilute to 1litre with water. concentration of the samples from the graph. 3 1ml=1.0mg of zinc. M Zinc, mg/l = -----×1000 7.4.10Intermediate Zinc Solution V Dilute 100ml of zinc stock solution and 1ml of where nitric acid to 1litre with water. M=mass of zinc present in mg in the 7.4.11Standard Zinc Solution sample, and Dilute 10ml of zinc intermediate solution and V=volume of sample in ml. 1ml of nitric acid to 1litre with water. This 7 ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD solution should be prepared just before use. (CHELATION — EXTRACTION) 7.5 Procedure 7.1 Scope and Application 7.5.1For dissolved zinc, filter 100ml of the Zinc is chelated with pyrrolidine dithio sample through 0.45µm membrane filter carbamic acid and extracted with chloroform. paper. For total zinc, add 5ml of concentrated The extract is treated with hot nitric acid after nitric acid and evaporate the solution to 15 to evaporating to dryness, dissolved in 20ml. Cool and filter the sample through acid hydrochloric acid and diluted with water. An washed filter paper. Make up to 100ml in a aliquot is aspirated into the air-acetylene flame volumetric flask. Add to this solution or the of the spectrophotometer. For total recoverable filtrate (in case of dissolved zinc) 2 drops of zinc an acid digestion procedure is done prior to bromophenol blue indicator solution and mix. aspiration of the sample. Adjust the pH by adding sodium hydroxide 3IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 solution till a blue colour persists. Add diluted selenium metal. Iron (III) interferes when hydrochloric acid (1 : 50) drop by drop until the present at levels greater than zinc. However colour just disappears; then add 2.5ml in this can be overcome by warming the solution excess to bring the pH to 2.3-2.5. Add 10ml of with hydroxylamine. Also, the presence of any pyrroline dithio carbamic acid — chloroform other neighbouring stripping peaks which is reagent and shake well. After the phases less than 100mV from that of the zinc will separate out, collect the chloroform phase by interfere. taking care to avoid any trace of water in a 8.3 Apparatus flask. Repeat the extraction till the chloroform layer becomes colourless with fresh 10ml 8.3.1Polarographic Instrumentation Capable portions of chloroform and combine the of Performing Differential Pulse Work extracts. Evaporate the solution just to dryness 8.3.2Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode and dissolve the residue by dropwise addition of 8.3.3Platinum Counter Electrode 2ml of concentrated nitric acid by holding the beaker at an angle. Again evaporate to dryness 8.3.4Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode and add 2ml of hydrochloric acid (1 : 2) and 8.3.5Magnetic Stirrer Control Unit, Stirring heat for 1 minute. Cool and make up the Bar solution in a 10ml standard flask. Aspirate the 8.4 Reagents sample and measure the absorbance. 8.4.1Hydrochloric Acid — Concentrated. 7.5.2Prepare a reagent blank and sufficient standards containing 10, 20, 50, 100 and 8.4.2Nitric Acid — Concentrated. 200µg/l of zinc by diluting a suitable volume of 8.4.3Nitric Acid — Diluted (1 : 1). the standard solution with 100ml of water and repeat as above. Aspirate the solution and 8.4.4Zinc Solutions measure the absorbance. 8.4.4.1Stock zinc solution — Prepare as 7.6 Calculation in7.4.9. 8.4.4.2Intermediate zinc solution — Prepare as 7.6.1Construct a standard calibration graph by in 7.4.10. plotting the absorbance versus the micrograms of zinc. Read the concentration of the samples 8.4.4.3Zinc standard solution — Prepare as from the curve. in7.4.11. M 8.4.5Amalgamated Zinc Zinc, µg/l = -----×1000 V Cover 10g of granular zinc with water and add 2drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then where add 5-8 drops of mercury with continuous M=mass of zinc present in the sample shaking. (inµg), and 8.4.6Purified Nitrogen V=volume of sample in ml. Boil 2g of ammonium meta vanadate with 8 DIFFERENTIAL PULSE ANODIC 25ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dilute STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY (DPASV) to 250ml and transfer to the scrubber. Add 10-15g of amalgamated zinc. Pass nitrogen gas 8.1 Principle through the scrubber for removal of traces of Zinc is deposited on a hanging mercury drop at oxygen and through distilled water for washing a negative potential of –1.2V vs saturated any traces of scrubber chemicals (Fig. 1). calomel electrode (SCE). Then the zinc is 8.5 Procedure stripped back into the solution by applying a +ve potential scan. The anodic current peak 8.5.1Clean all the glasswares and the which is measured is representative of the zinc voltammetric cells by soaking them overnight concentration in the sample. For total dissolved in concentrated nitric acid and rinsing them zinc the sample is filtered through a 0.45µm thoroughly with distilled water. If total membrane filter paper prior to acidification and dissolved zinc alone is to be determined, the analysis. sample should be filtered through 0.45µm membrane filter paper. For total recoverable This method is applicable in the concentration zinc, digest the sample with 3ml each of range 1.0-100 µg/l of zinc. concentrated hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. 8.2 Interferences Evaporate the solution to 15-20ml. Cool and Selenium interferes when it is present in excess make up to 100ml in a volumetric flask. Take of 50 µg/l. This can be overcome by adding 10ml of the sample in the polarographic cell ascorbic acid which reduces selenium (IV) to and deaerate for 15 minutes. The cell should be 4IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 covered with nitrogen gas during the 5 minutes. Repeat as above. Measure the experiment (Fig. 2). current peak height ( I ). 2 Generate a new droplet of mercury and put the 8.6 Calculation stirrer on. Connect the cell and deposit at –1.2V versus SCE for 3 minutes. Stop the I V C ×1000 C , mg/1 = ---1--------------s--t--d----------------------- stirrer and wait for 30 seconds. Start the anodic sample I v + (I –I )V scan with the following settings: 2 2 1 where Initial potential – 1.2 V vs SCE I = current peak height for the Scan rate 5 mV/s 1 sample, Scan direction + ve Modulation amplitude 25 mV I 2 = current peak height for the Current range 1-10 µA sample + standard, Drop time 0.5 s v = volume of standard added Display direction – ve (20µl), Low pass filter Off position V = volume of the sample solution, Mode Differential pulse C = concentration of the standard Scan range – 1.2 to – 0.6 V std solution added, and Measure the current peak height (I ). Add C = concentration of zinc in the 1 sample 20µl of standard zinc solution and deaerate for sample. FIG.1 SCRUBBERASSEMBLYFORNITROGENPURIFICATION 5IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 FIG.2 VOLTAMMETRICCELLASSEMBLY 6IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 ANNEX A ( Foreword ) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Environmental Protection Sectional Committee, CHD 012 Chairman Representing PROF D. K. BISWAS Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi Members DR K. R. RANGANATHAN (Alternate to Prof D. K. Biswas) ADVISER (PHE) Ministry of Rural Development ADDL ADVISER (PHE) ( Alternate ) SHRI S. B. C. AGARWALA Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI S. BALAGURUNATHAN ( Alternate I ) SHRI A. K. GUPTA (Alternate II) DR A. L. AGGARWAL National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Nagpur DR T. CHAKRABARTI ( Alternate ) DR A. ALAM Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi SHRI S. C. AHLUWALIA National Council for Cement & Building Materials, New Delhi SHRI A. D. AGNIHOTRI ( Alternate ) SHRI R. K. BANERJEE Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi SHRI P. K. MAIR ( Alternate ) SHRI B. BASU National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd, New Delhi DR S. MUKHERJEE ( Alternate ) SHRI V. S. BHATNAGAR Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIR), Chandigarh DR M. S. N. SRINIVAS ( Alternate ) SHRI S. CHAKRAVORTI Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes, Bombay DR M. H. FULEKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI S. DAS Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd, Vadodara SHRI M. K. PRABHUDESAI ( Alternate ) DR V. S. GUPTA National Test House, Calcutta SHRI D. N. P. SINGH ( Alternate ) DR HARISH CHANDRA Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (CSIR), Lucknow SHRI B. K. JAIN The Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi DR (MS) B. SWAMINATHAN ( Alternate ) SHRI G. K. GUREJA Thermax Ltd, Pune DR A. K. WAGLE ( Alternate ) SHRI A. LAHIRI Hindustan Lever Ltd, Bombay SHRI B. B. DAVE ( Alternate ) DR W. MADHAVAKRISHNA Central Leather Research Institute (CSIR), Madras SHRI S. RAJAMANI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. MAIRA Flakt India Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. SAHA ( Alternate ) SHRI R. K. MALHOTRA Indian oil Corporation Ltd (R & D Centre), Faridabad SHRI S. K. JAIN ( Alternate ) SHRI A. N. KALE Municipal Corporation of Greater Bombay SHRI V. S. MAHAJAN ( Alternate ) DR P. K. MATHUR Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (IGCAR), Kalpakkam (TN) DR P. M. MODAK Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay PROF H. VEERAMANI ( Alternate ) SHRI K. P. NYATI National Productivity Council, New Delhi SHRI L. PANEERSELVAM ( Alternate ) PROF B. PADMANABHAMURTHY Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi DR T. S. PATEL National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmadabad SHRI C. V. RAIYANI ( Alternate ) DR V.V. RAO Dharmsi Morarji Chemical Co Ltd, Bombay DR M. ATCHAYYA ( Alternate ) (Continued on page 8) 7IS 3025 (Part 49) : 1994 ( Continued from page 7 ) Members Representing SHRI P. S. RAMANATHAN Pesticides Association of India, New Delhi SHRI D. N. V. RAO Tata Chemicals Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. J. BUCH ( Alternate ) DR S. ROUTH National Test House, Calcutta DR J. C. NIJHAWAN ( Alternate ) SHRI P. R. SAMADDAR Central Mechanical Engg Research Institute (CSIR), Durgapur SHRI P. K. SEN ( Alternate ) SHRI S. C. SHARMA India Meteorological Department, New Delhi SHRI R. N. GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI M. P. SINGH Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI N. C. TIWARI ( Alternate ) SHRI M. SUBBA RAO Ministry of Environment & Forests DR T. CHANDINI ( Alternate ) SHRI R. M. SUNDARAM National Malaria Eradication Programme (DGHS), Delhi SHRI C. KRISHNA RAO ( Alternate ) SHRI SURENDER KUMAR Indian Chemical Manufacturers Association, New Delhi SHRI R. PARTHASARTHY ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Panchayat Raj Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( Alternate ) SHRI J. M. TULI Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI S. N. CHAKRABARTI ( Alternate ) DR R. K. SINGH, Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member ) Director (Chem) Member Secretary SHRI T. RANGASAMY Joint Director (Chem), BIS Water Environment Subcommittee, CHD 012 : 01 Convener DR Y. P. KAKAR Ministry of Environment & Forests Members SHRI S. B. C. AGARWALA Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI A. K. GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI A. BASU Thermax Ltd, Pune SHRI A. K. JINDAL ( Alternate ) SHRI M. S. DHINGRA Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi SHRI V. G. K. NAIR ( Alternate ) DR E. K. JAYANARAYANAN Mohan Meakin Ltd, Mohan Nagar SHRI K. K. MITTU ( Alternate ) SHRI S. ISLAM Central Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Saharanpur SHRI F. LAL KANSAL Punjab Pollution Control Board, Patiala SHRI S. S. SANGHA ( Alternate ) SHRI D. D. KUMTA Tata Chemicals Ltd, Bombay DR K. C. PATHAK ( Alternate ) PROF K. J. NATH All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health, Calcutta PROF A. K. ADHYA ( Alternate ) DR R. NATH Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi DR S. RATAN ( Alternate ) DR S. R. PANDE National Environment Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Nagpur DR M. V. NANOTI ( Alternate ) DR P. M. PHIRKE National Environment Engineering Research Institute (CSIR), Nagpur DR S. R. JOSHI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. PRAKASH Delhi Water Supply & Sewage Disposal Undertaking, New Delhi SHRI S. S. RAMRAKHYANI ( Alternate ) SHRI R. V. RAO Central Water Commission, New Delhi SHRI D. K. KAUSHIK ( Alternate ) REPRESENTATIVE Ministry of Rural Development REPRESENTATIVE U. P. Jal Nigam, Lucknow DR B. SENGUPTA Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi DR R. C. TRIVEDI ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER Panchayat Raj Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( Alternate ) SHRI S. R. TAMTA Central Ground Water Board, New Delhi SHRI K. RAJAGOPALAN ( Alternate ) DR. P. N. VISWANATHAN Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (CSIR), Lucknow 8Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. 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940.pdf	IS 940:2003 =mw–fi~l~ Indian Standard PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER TYPE (GAS CARTRIDGE) -SPECIFICATION (Fourh Revision) ICS 33.220.10 0 BIS2003 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 May2003 Price Group 4Fire Fighting Sectional Committee, CED 22 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Fourth Revision) wasadopted bythe Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Fire Fighting Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Portable fire extinguisher, water type (gas cartridge) isone ofthe types ofthe tire extinguishers used as first-aid fire fighting appliance. This type of extinguisher issuitable for fighting fires in Class A fires, that is, inwood, textiles, paper, etc. The details in regard to maintenance of this appliance in efticient condition are given in IS2190 ‘Code ofpractice for selection, installation andmaintenance ofportable first-aid fire extinguishers (third revision)’. This standard was first published in 1961and subsequently revised in 1972, 1976and 1989.Inthis revision, the principal modifications made are inrespect ofproviding caphaving squeeze griptype COZgascartridge puncture mechanism andalsoon-off control discharge. Squeezegriptypecaphasfollowing advantages overtheconventional cap: a) It issafe inoperation asthe operation need not hit the knob with force by hand. b) The discharge can be halted and restarted atthe will ofthe operator. c) Ithas built inoperation lever and carrying handle. Other modifications made are asfollows: a) Stainless steel body isincluded to provide resistance from corrosion and good aesthetic appearance. b) Internal plastic lining ofthe extinguisher to avoid corrosion inusage. c) Type test for leaded tin alloy coating and stainless steelbodies have been incorporated. d) Epoxy powde- coating forexternal surface isincluded to improve the scratch hardness, lifeand aesthetics. e) Provision ofthickness of body inaccordance with bursting formulae. Inaddition toabove various provisions havebeenupdated which arebasedonexperience gained intheuseofthis appliance inthe past. A scheme for Iabelling environment friendly products known asECO-Mark has been introduced atthe instance ofthe Ministry ofEnvironment andForests (MEF), Government ofIndia. TheECO-Mark would beadministered by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) under theBLSACI,1986asper theResolution No. 71dated21 February 1991andNo. 425 dated 28 October 1992published intheGazetteoftheGovernment ofIndia. Foraproduct tobe eligible for marking with ECO logo, itshall also carry the 1S1Mark of BIS besides meetinq additional optional environment friendly requirements. For this purpose, the Standard Mark of BIS would be asingle mark being a combination of the 1S1Mark and the ECO logo. Requirements tobesatisfied for aproduct to quali~ for the BIS Standard Mark for ECO friendliness are optional; manufacturing units arefreetoopt forthe ISMark alone also . This clause isbased onthe Gazette Notification No. 160dated 1April 1999for fireextinguishers asenvironment friendly products published inthe Gazette ofthe Government of India. For the purpose of deciding whether aparticular requirement ofthis standard iscomplied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised’. The number of significant places retained inthe rounded off value should bethe same asthat ofthe specified value inthis standard.IS 940:2003 Indian Standard PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER, WATER TYPE (GAS CARTRIDGE) -SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision ) 1 SCOPE ellipsoidalortorisphericalandcircumferentially welded together. Acylindrical skirt having minimum 25 mm This standard lays down the requirements regarding height shallbeweldedtothebottom dish. Thewelding principle, capacity, material, shape, design, shall be done by an electric arc welding process and construction, anti-corrosive treatment and tests of shall conform to IS2825. portable water type fire extinguisher. 7.1.2 Wherecarrying handleand/or supporting fittings 2 REFERENCES are fitted to the body, these shall be either welded or brazed. Thecarrying handle shallbemade ofmild steel The standards given in Annex A contain provisions orstainless steelrod not lessthan 6mm indiameter or which through reference in this text, constitute fabricated out of mild steel or stainless steel sheets of provisions ofthisstandard. Atthe time ofpublication, same thickness asthe body and the clamp shall be of the editions indicated were valid. All standards are mild steel or stainless steel thickness of 3 mm, subjecttorevision, andparties toagreements based on minimum. this standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions ofthe 7.2 Body standards given inAnnex D. The material used inthe construction of extinguisher 3 PRINCIPLE AND DESIGN bodies shall beweldable. The filler materials shall be compatible tothe body steel to give good welds. 3.1 The extinguisher shall be upright type, thus operated by holding the extinguisher upright and Minimum wallthickness ofthebodyshallbecalculated piercing the gas cartridge by applying pressure on using the formula: plunger or by pressing the squeeze grip thereby discharging the contents. a) For carbon steel bodies, 3.2 During the operation, the jet, where possible, D –— +().7 should beable tostrike the burning surface andengulf * – 360 fire. b) For austenitic stainless steel bodies, 4 CAPACITY D The liquid capacity of the extinguisher when filled to ~=— + 0.3 thespecified levelindicated inexteriorofthebodyshall 600 be 9.0 + 0.5 litre. where 5 MATERIAL t = minimum thickness, inmm; and The materials for the construction of various parts of D = external diameter ofthe body, inmm. the fire extinguisher shall be asgiven inTable 1. 7.3 Neck Ring 6 SHAPE The neck ring of 57mm (G 2%) for bang on type and The shape of the body shall be cylindrical with an of63mm (G2Y.)for squeeze grip type shall be firmly outside diameter of 175+ 5mm. secured bybrazing orwelding. Aparallel screw thread forthe attachment ofcapshallbenot lessthan 16mm 7 CONSTRUCTION ineffective lengthandthethread shallbeinaccordance 7.1 General with IS2643 with ClassAtolerance. 7.1.1 The cylinder shall be of welded construction 7.4 Syphon Tube and Strainer havingcoldorhotdrawn cylindrical portionwithhemi- spherical ellipsoidal or torispherical ends welded to it Thesyphontubewith strainer atfree endshallbefitted inside the body. In case of squeeze grip type, syphon or two halves (upper half shorter) cold or hot drawn having dome and bottom dish of hemi-spherical or tube shallbe fitted inthe cap.IS 940:2003 Table 1 Material of Construction of Various Parts of Fire Extinguisher ( Clause 5) S1No. Component Materials RelevantIndianStandards (1) (2) (3) (4) i) Body O Mild steelsheet Minimum Grade D ofIS 513 ii) Stainless steelsheet 1S5522 ii) Syphon tube i) Brasstube Alloy No. 2of IS 407 ii) Stainless steel tube IS 6913 iii) Plastic pipe IS 4985 iii) Neck ring i) Lead tin bronze Grade LTB2of1S318 ii) Seamless mild steel Seamless mild steeltubeshaving srdphurand phosphoms notexceeding 0.05 percent iii) Stainless steel IS 6913 iv) Cap i) Aluminium die-cast IS 11804 ii) Brass Grade FLB ofIS 6912 iii) Leaded tin-bronze Gmde LTB20fIS 318 v) Cap body i) Leaded tin-bronze Grsde LTB20fIS 318 ii) Stainless steel Grade 1ofIS 3444 iii) Ahrminium die-cast IS 617 vi) Check”nut i) Leaded tin bronze Grade LTB 2ofIS 318 ii) Brass Type. 1ofIS 319 iii) Stainless steel IS 6529 vii) Cap washer (’0’ ring) Rubber IS937 conforming torequirement ofhardness asapplicable toType 3ofIS 5382 andrdso acid andalkali resistant test (seeNote) viii) Cartridge holder, knob, O Brass Type 1ofIS319 discharge fittings andplunger ii) Lead tin bronze Gmde LTB20fIS318 iii) Stainless steel IS 6528 ix) Piercer Stainless steel IS 6528 x) Plunger i) Stainless steel IS 6528 ii) Brass Type 1ofLS319 1s xi) Squeeze grip handle i) Mild steel 513 ii) Ahsminium IS 737 iii) Plastic 1S7328 xii) Spring Spring steelwire Grade I ofIS 4454 (Part 1) xiii) Safety clip Steel Grade 1ofIS 2507 xiv) Snifter valve i) Brass Type 1ofIS 319 ii) Stainless steel Grade 04Cr 18Ni10 of 1S6603 xv) Nozzle anddischarge fittings i) Brass Type 1oflS 319 ii) Lead tin bronze Grade LTB 2of IS 318 iii) Plastic IS 7328 iv) Ahsminium 1S617 xvi) Strainer i) Basssheet GmdeCuZn37of1S410 ii) Plastic 1S7328 iii) Stainless steel sheet 1S5522 xvii) Hose Braided robber/plastic Shall have aminimum bursting pressureof4 MN/m’ (40 kgf7cm2) xviii) Gas cartridge IS 4947 NOTE — When apiece of2.5 cmcutfrom any portion isdipped in20 percent sulphuric acid 5percent sodium hydroxide solution for 30 min. there shali benosign ofcorrosion d&age. 2IS 940:2003 7.5 Cap isoperated. Asafety clip shall beprovided to prevent accidental operation of’the piercing mechanism. 7.5.1 For fixing the cap to the neck the cap shall be screwed on the body up to a minimum of 16 mm 8 ANTI-CORROSIVE TREATMENT effective length. The size of parallel thread shall suit 8.1 Allinternal surfaces ofthemild steelbody shall be theneckring (see7.3). Atleast3holes ofnot lessthan completely coated with plastic or rubber lining of a 2.5 mmdiameter shallbedrilled through thethreaded minimum thicknessofO.5mm. Theinternalliningshall portion of the cap to form vents. The centres of the be subjected tothe following test. vent holesshallbe6.5mm,Mm apartfromtheexposed faceofthe capjoint washer. 8.2 Test for Plastic Lining 7.5.2 Forsqueeze griptype, acaphaving squeeze grip a) Testfor Adhesion ofPlastic Lining (Type Test) type COzgas cartridge puncture mechanism and also Subject the unfilled extinguisher to a pressure on/off control discharge shall be provided. A swivel 15kgf/cm2and store for 120 * 4hat 28+ 5“C. coupler nut shall be provided to screw up the cap on Release the pressure and examine the the neck ring. extinguisher internally for cracking, separation fromthewallofthebody orlifting ofthe lining, 7.6 Nozzle and bubbles between the lining and the body. The design of the nozzle and the area of the orifice b) Test for Continuity of Plastic Lining shall be such that it satisfies the performance requirements given in 10.3. The nozzle may be fixed Fill the extinguisher body to within 10mm of either tothe body orto ahose orto cap. the top of the lining with a 1 percent (m/m) solution ofsodium chloride inwater containing 7.6.1 The hose (if provided) shall be of not lessthan sufficient hydrocarbon surfactant to reduce the 8mm bore and length not lessthan 600 mm. surface tension of the solution to less than 40 7.7 Expansion Space MN/m. Check the lining for continuity by the application ofa500+50Minsulation resistance An air space shall be provided inthe body above the test across the lining through connections made specified liquid level which shall be of sufficient tothemetalbody andtoanelectrode introduced volume to ensure that when the discharge nozzle is into the solution inthe extinguisher body. temporarily closed and the extinguisher put into operation atatemperature of 27* 5‘C, the internal 8.3 Phosphating inaccordance with the provisions of pressure exerted shall not exceed 1.5MN/m2. IS 3618 maybe applied on the external surface of the body asan alternative. 7.8 Snifter Valve (Breather Device) 8.4 Epoxy polyester powder coating of 50 micron A snifter valve shall be fitted to extinguisher. The thickness may alsobeapplied on internal and external design of the snifter valve shall be such that in the surfaces ofthe mild steel body. variation of atmospheric temperature within + 10‘C, there shall not be any spouting of liquid through the 9 PAINTING nozzle. 9.1 Eachextinguisher body except stainless steelbody 7.9 Gas Cartridge and Cartridge Holder shall be painted ‘Fire Red.’ or Post OffIce red as per shade 536 or 537 of IS 5, either by epoxy powder A cartridge holder shall be provided and fitted inside coating orsynthetic enamel paint. Stainless steelbody the cap in such a way that the cartridge seal piercing shall be buffed. mechanismpassesthrough itscentreandshallpuncture the cartridge clean when the cartridge isfitted to this 9.2 A large size picture showing aman operating the holder. The threads shall be provided in the holder , extinguisher inthe correct manner shall be shown on andtheseshallcorrespond tothethreadsofgascartridge the body ofthe extinguisher (see 3.2). (see IS4947). Pot holes shall also be provided inthe 9.3 The extinguisher shall be marked with the letter cartridge holder. The maximum size of gas cartridge CA’ indicating the suitability of the unit for Class A shall be60 g. fires as laid down in IS 2190. The letter ‘A’ shall be 7.10 Plunger Rod and Piercing Mechanism 2.5+0.5cminheight, painted inblackcolour centrally inside anequilateral triangle of side 5.0+ 0.5 cm. The The plunger rod shall be of such alength that ithas a triangle shall becoloured golden yellow. minimum stroke of 7 mm. A spring load piercing deviceshall beprovided intheplunger forpiercing the 9.4 The paint shallconform to IS2932. seal of the gas cartridge when fitted to the cartridge holder. The puncturing end shallbe designed soasto 10 TEST REQUIREMENT ensureaclearopening inthecartridge sealwhenpierce 10.1 The extinguisher body and the cap assembly 3IS 940:2003 shall be tested to an internal hydraulic pressure of 3.0 11.2 Specific Requirements MN/cm2(30kgf/cm2) for aperiod of2min. During 11.2.1 Thefweextinguishershallnotcontainanyozone the test itshall not show any sign of leakage. depletingsubstance(ODS)relevanttofireextinguishers NOTE — The testing maybe doneeither with caporwithout cap industry asidentified under themontreal protocol (see and inthe latter case, thecap shall betestedseparately. Annex B). 10.2 Incaseofhydraulic bursttestfortheextinguisher, 11.2.2 Gasbasedextinguishing mediaoncedischarged mechanical failure shall not occur at a pressure less intheatmosphere shouldnothaveatmosphericlifetime than 4.5 MN/m2(45 kgf/cm2). ofmore than ayear (see Annex C) NOTE — The test shall bedone through discharge fittings with the capassembly. 11.2.3 Chemical usedshould nothaveglobal warming potential (see Annex D) 10.3 When the extinguisher isset in operation under normal temperature conditions of 27+ 5°C with a 11.2.4 The metallic body and other metal parts ofthe stream starting in horizontal direction in wind-free fire extinguishers shall be free of lead or lead alloys. condition, the water shall beexpelled intheform ofjet 11.2.5 The coating used for the metallic part shall not which shallmaintain aneffective throw ofnotlessthan be formulated with mercury and mercury compounds 6 m for the minimum period of 60 sprovided that at orbetintedwithpigments oflead,cadmium, chromium least 95 percent of water is discharged from the VI and their oxides. Excluded are natural impurities extinguisher within the maximum period of 120s. entailed by the production process up to the amount 10.4 The fire extinguisher after subjecting tothe tests 0.1 percent by weight which are contained inthe raw laiddown in10.1 and 10.3shallbethoroughly cleaned material. with water, water shall then be completely drained off NOTE—COl extinguishers may be permitted till suitable andtheextinguisher retained inthiscondition for24h. substitutes are available. Atthe endofthisperiod, the interior shallbefreefrom any trace of rust. 12 MARKING 11 OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR 12.1 Eachextinguishershallbeclearlyandpermanently marked with the following information in addition to ECO-MARK that given in 9.2 and 9.3: 11.1 General Requirements a) Manufacturer’s name ortrade-mark, ifany; 11.1.1 Any fire extinguisher having BIS Standard b) Method of operation inprominent letters; Mark qualifies for consideration of ECO-Mark. c) The words ‘Water type (Gas cartridge)’ in 1I.1.2 The products manufacturer must produce the prominent letters; consent clearance as per provision of the Water d) The sizeof gascartridge used; (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act, 1974), Water e) Liquid level to which the extinguisher isto be (Prevention & Control ofPollution CessAct, 1977) and charged; Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act, 1981) respectively, alongwith authorization ifrequired under f) Thewords‘Testedtoahydraulicpressure3MN/ Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 andtherulesmade mz(30 kgf/cm2)’-;and thereunder to the Bureau of Indian Standards while g) Year ofmanufacture. applying for ECO-Mark. 12.2 BIS Certification Marking 11.1.3 The product may display in brief the criteria based on which the product has been awarded ECO- Theextinguisher may alsobemarkedwith the Standard Mark. Mark. 11.1.4 The product may carry alongwith instructions 12.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark isgoverned by for proper use soastomaximize product performance the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards with statutory warning, if any, minimize waste and Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made method of safe disposal. thereunder. Detailsofconditions underwhichalicence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to 11.1.5 The material used for product packaging manufacturers orproducers maybe obtained from the (excluding refills) shall be recyclable, reusable or Bureau of Indbn Standards. biodegradable. 13 SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR 11.1.6 The product must display a list of critical CONFORMITY ingredients in descending order of quantity present in percent by weight. The listofsuch critical ingredients The details of sampling and criteria for conformity is shallbe identified bythe Bureau of Indian Standards. given inAmex E. 41S 940:2003 ANNEX A ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 5:1994 Colours for ready mixed paints and 3444:1999 Corrision resistant high alloy steel enamels ~otfrth revision) and nickel base casting for general applications —Specification (third 318:1981 Specification for leaded tin bronze revision) ingotsandcastings(secorzdrevision) 3618:1966 Specificationforphosphate treatment 319:1989 Free cutting leaded brass bars, rods of iron and steel for protection andsections—Specification ~ourth against corrosion revision) 4454 Specification for steel wires for 407:1981 Specification for brass tubes for mechanical springs: general purposes (third revision) (Part 1): 2001 Patented and cold drawn steel 410:1977 Coldrolled brasssheet,stripandfoil wires—Unalloyd (third revision) (third revision) 4947:1985 Specificationforgascartridge foruse 513:1994 Cold rolled low carbon steel sheets infre extinguisher (secondrevision) and strips @rth revision) 4985:2000 Unplasticized PVCpipes forpotable 617:1994 Aluminium and aluminium alloy water supplies — Specification ingots and castings for general (third revision) engineeringpurposes(thirdrevision) 5382:1985 Specification forrubber sealingrings 737:1986 Wrought aluminium andaluminium for gas mains, water mains and alloy sheet and strip for general sewers (first revision) engineeringpurposes(thirdrevision) 5522:1992 Stainless steel sheets and strips for 937:1981 Specification for washers for water utensils (second revision) fittings for fire fighting purposes (second revision) 6528:1995 Stainless steel wire (/irst revision) 2190: 992 Selection, installation and 6529:1996 Steelness steel blooms, billets and maintenance of first-aid fire slabs for forging (first revision) extinguishers — Code of practice 6603:1972 Stainless steel bars and flats— (third revision) Specification (jlrst revision) 2507: 975 Cold rolled steel strip for springs 6912:1985 Copper and copper alloy forging @-st revision) stock and forgings (first revision) 2643:1999 Pipe threads where pressure-tight 6913:1973 Stainless steeltubes forthe food and joints arenotmadeonthethreads— beverage industry Dimensions, tolerance and desig- nation (second revision) 7328:1992 Highdensity polyethylene materials for moulding and extrusion — 2825:1969 Code of unfired pressure vessels Specification (first revision) 2932:1993 Enamel,synthetic,exterior(a)under- 11804:1986 Code ofpractice for manufacture of coating,(b)finishing—Specification aluminium alloy pressure die (second revision) castingsIS 940:2003 ANNEX B ( Clause 11.2.1 ) LIST OF OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES (ODS) CONTROLLED BY MONTREAL PROTOCOL Trade Name ODP (1) (2) HaIon 1211 3.0 HaIon 1301 10.0 HaIon 2402 6.0 CFC–11 1.0 CFC– 12 1.0 CFC- 113 0.8 CFC– 114 1.0 CFC– 115 0.6 ccl, 1.1 C,H,Cl, 0.1 CFC–13 1.0 CFC– 111 1.0 CFC– 112 1.0 CFC–211 1.0 CFC–212 1.0 CFC-213 1.0 CFC–214 1.0 CFC–215 1.0 CFC–216 1.0 CFC-217 I.0 Methyl Bromide 0.6 NOTE —ODP values arerelative toCFC-11 which hasbeen assigned arbitrary value of 1.0. 6IS 940:2003 ANNEX C ( Clause11 .2.2) LIST OF ATMOSPHERIC LIFE TIME OF GAS-BASED AGENTS Trade Name Designation Atmospheric Lfe Time (Year) (1) (2) (3) Halon-13001 (CF31) <1 &y NAFS 111 HCFC (Blend A) 12 FE 25 HCFC -125 36 FE241 FCFC -124 6 FE 36 HFC-227 fa 250 FE 13 HFC-23 250 FM 200 HFC-227 ea 41 CEA 410 FC-3-1-1O 2600 Halon 1301 Halon 1301 65 — Inergen IG541 — Argonite IG 55 Argon IGO1 ANNEX D ( Clauses 2 and 11.2.3) LIST OF SUBSTANCES HAVING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) Trade Name GWP (100 year) Vkws CO* (1) (2) HaIon 1301 5600 Inergen Argonite — Argon CEA41O 5500 FM200 3300 FE 13n 12100 FE 36 8000 FE241 480 FE 25 3200 NAFS HI 1450 CF31 <5 7IS 940:2003 ANNEX E ( Clause 13 ) SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY E-O GENERAL Table 2 Sample Size for Lots Produced Under Quality Control System E-O.I Theriskinvolved infailureofafweextinguisher to work when needed is extremely large. Fire (Clause E-1.2.2) extinguisher, therefore, ought tohaveahighdegree of S1No. No. ofItems Sample Size reliability of performance during the entire specified intheLot period of its service. Itcan be achieved only through adequatedesignandcontrol inallstagesofmanufacture (1) (2) (3) and assembly. i) upto 25 3 E-1 SAMPLING ii) 26 to 50 5 E-1.l Lot iii) 51 to 100 8 iv) 101 to200 8 percent Allportable fireextinguishers ofthesametype, shape, designandcapacityproducedbythesamemanufacturer E-1.2.4 All thesamples tested shallpassthesetestsfor fromsimilarmaterialsunderahnostidentical conditions thelottobedeclared toconform totheserequirements. ofmanufacture shallbegrouped together toconstitute E-1.2.5 Forexpansion testasper7.7,onesample shall alot. betested from each lot. E-1.2 Each lotshallbeconsidered individually forthe E-1.2.6 Inrespect ofperformance test (see 10.3) and purpose ofevaluation ofqualityinaccordancewiththis expansion space(see7.9 ), one sample shall betested specification. forthesepropertiesandthesampleshallpassthesetests E-1.2.1 Thenumber ofsamples fortestingtobetaken forthelottobedeclaredtoconform tothisrequirement. at random from a lot and the criteria for conformity E-1.2.7 Inrespectofbursting pressure (see 10.2),type shallbeasgiven inE-1.2.2 and E-1.2.3. test shall be done and this could conform to the E-1.2.2 Foreachlot,anumber ofsamplesasindicated requirements laiddown inthe specification. inCO12of Table 2shallbe selected atrandom. E-1.2.8 In the absence of acertificate from manufac- E-1.2.3 They shall be examined visually as far as turer about the conformity of various components possible inrespect of requirements specified in3 to 9 ( see 5.1 ) to this specification from a sample fire except 7.7 and then in respect of hydraulic pressure extinguisher, one item each shall b.etaken separately test (see 10.1) and corrosion test (see 10.4). andexamined individually with respect tothe relevant requirement ofthisspecification. Theseshallconstitute thetype tests. 8Bureau of Indian Standards BIS isastatutory institution established under theBureau ofIndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. 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Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Dateof Issue Text Affected BUREAU OFINDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg,New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 23230131,23233375,2323 9402 (Common toalloffices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur ShahZafar Marg 23237617 NEW DELHI 110002 { 23233841 Eastern : 1/14C.I.T. Scheme VII M,V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi 23378499,23378561 KOLKATA 700054 { 23378626,23379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 609285 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IVCross Road, CHENNAI 600113 22541216,22541442 { 22542519,22542315 Western : Manakalaya, E9MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 28329295,28327858 MUMBAI 400093 { 28327891,28327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHAT1. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi ..
13094.pdf	Indian Standard SELECTION OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR FOUNDATION IN WEAK SOILS - GUIDELINES UDC 624,138 : 624.15 @ BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 October 19% Price Group 5Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, CED 43 . FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. In poor and weak subsoils, the design of conventional shallow foundation for structures and equipment may present problems with respect to both sizing of foundation as well as control of foundation settlements. Traditionally, pile foundations have been employed often at enormous costs. A more viable alternative in certain situations, developed over the recent years is to improve the subsoil itself to an extent such that the subsoil would develop an adequate bearing capacity and foundations constructed after subsoil improvement would have resultant settlements within acceptable limits. The techniques for ground improvement has developed rapidly and has found large scale application in industrial projects.IS 13094 : 1992 Indian Standard SELECTION OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR FOUNDATION IN WEAK SOILS - GUIDELINES 1 SCOPE of soil properties prior to imposition of structural loads. 1.1 This standard covers the guidelines for selection of ground improvement techniques 3.3 Soil Densikation using one or more methods. A technique to densify cohesionless soils by 2 REFERENCES imparting shocks or vibrations. 2.1 The following Indian Standards are 3.4 Soil Reinforcement necessary adjuncts to this standard: Rods, strips or fabrics incorporated within soil- IS No. Title mass to impart resistance to tensile, shear and compressive forces. 1892 : 1979 Code of practice for subsur- face investigaticn for founda- 4 NECESSARY DATA tions (first revision ) 6403 : 1981 Code of practice for deter- 4.1 Following information shall be collected mination of bearing capacity to establish the need for ground imporvement of shallow foundations (first at a site, for selection of method to be adopted and for design of scheme selection. revision ) 8009 Code of practice for calcula- 4.1.1 Subsoil profile and soii charatcteristics (Part 1 ) : 1976 tion of settlement of founda- up to a depth of about twice the width of the tions : Part 1 Shallow loaded area or up to dense/hard strata if foundations subject to sym- encountered earlier. The information shall be metrical static vertical loads acquired by conducting soil investigations as Code of practice for per IS 1892 : 1979. ( Part 2 ) : 1980 calculation of settlement of foundations : Part 2 Deep 4.1.2 Engineering properlies of subsoil shall foundations subjected to sym- include index properties, shear parameters, metrical static vertical loading compressibility characteristics etc. 3 TERMINOLOGY 4.1.3 Boreholes shall be supplemented by conducting a suitable number of static/ 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the dynamic cone penetration tests up to the depth following definitions shall apply. to be improved. In conjunction with selected 3.1.1 Ground Improvement boreholes these tests serve as a economical and rapid method of establishing the state of Enhancement of the inplace properties of the subsoil before and after treatment. ground by controlled application of technique suited to the subsoil conditions. 4.1.4 Information shall be obtained with respect to nature of structure and area covered 3.2 Injection by it, intensity and nature of loading, permissi- ble distortions, the structure can withstand. Introduction of a chemical/cementaceous material into a soil mass by application of 5 CONSIDERATIONS FOR ESTABLISHING pressure. NEED FOR GROUND IMPROVEMENT 3.2.1 Preloading 5.1 Based on subsoil information obtained Application of loads to achieve improvement from site and the loading exerted by the 1IS 13094 : 1992 structure, foundation design shall be carried 6.1.2.2 This technique is applicable to fine out including sizing and settlement analysis. groundsoils such as silts and clays. Subsoils Ground improvement is indicated if the net exhibiting high secondary consolidation loading intens5ty of the foundation exceeds characteristics may not be -amenable to the allowable pressure computed as per required degree of impovement by the preload- IS 6403 : 1981. ing method. 5.2 Ground treatment is also indicated if even 6.1.2.3 Removal of water from pore spaces has for relative low loading intensities, the resul- also been carried out by application of electric tant settlement [ computed in accordance with current to subsoil, the process being known IS 8009 ( Part 1 ) : 1976 and IS 8009 ( Part 2 ) : as Electra Osmosis. 1980 ] exceeds the acceptable limits for the structure both from view point of distortions 6.1.3 Injection and Grouting induced in the structure and from operation angle. 6.1.3.1 Injection of chemicals, lime, cements etc, into subsoils improve subsoil by formation 5.3 Loose cohesionless deposits in seismic of bonds between soil particles. Mechanical zones may be prone to liquefaction during compression of subsoil is also achieved under earthquakes specially under high water table certain conditions provided grout is pumped conditions. In such cases, analysis should be in under high pressure. carried out for establishing liquefaction pot- ential of the subsoil. Ground improvement is 6.1.3.2 Available methods are suitable for called for if such analysis establishes that the sands as well as fine grained soils. subsoil is prone to liquefaction. 6.1.4 Soil Reinforcement 5.4 Stability of soil in slopes can be enhanced substantially by use of soil reinforcement. 6.1.4.1 Reinforcement introduced into the soil mass causes marked improvemement in 6 METHODS stiffness and co;?sequently load carrying cap- city and stability of soil mass. 6.1 Ground improvement is achieved by the following methods. 6.1.4.2 Reinforcements may be in the form of dense granular materials in the form of 6.1.1 Soil Densifica tion stone columns. These are used where the primary requirement is increased in capability 6.1.1.1 By application of shock and vibration to carry vertical loads. to the subsoil and thereby causing rearrange- ment of the soil structure from a loose 6.1.4.3 Reinforcements may also be in rhe to medium due to dense state. This technique form of horizontal or vertical strips and is applicable only to cohensionless soils under membranes. These reinforcements serve signi- high water table conditions. ficantly to increase the capacity of soil to 6.1.1.2 Methods under this head include withstand tensile, shear and compression loads vibroflotation, vibrocompaction, compaction and contribute towards improvement of piles, blasting and dynamic consolidation. stability of soil mass. 6.1.2 Pre-Consolidation 6.1.5 Miscellaneous Methods 6.1.5.1 Other methods used successfully inc!ude 6.1.2.1 Expulsion of water from the pores replacement of poor subsoil by competent fill. causes consolidation of the soil thereby These methods, however have limitations of resula tin.g in build up of shear strength and depths of application. substautlally reduced values of final settle- ments of foundations. This is achieved by 6.1.5.2 Improvement of properties of subsoils precompression of the subsoil by subjecting by heating and drying and by fusion at high the area to a preload. Preload can be of a temperatures have been employed with success. soil itself or any suitable material. Preloading Soft soil have also temporarily been strengthen- is generally carried out in stages to allow ed by freezing to improve stiffness. gradual build up of soil strength enabling it to safely suppost further stages of preload. For 6.1.6 Choice of Method poorly draining soils such as soft clays, pre- compression is accelerated by provision of 6.1.6.1 Annex A presents various methods vertical drainage channels. of ground improvement alongwith principles, 2IS 13094 : 1992 applicabilty to various soil coadirions, material 8.2 After completion of ground improvement requirements, equipments required, results work in a specific area, the field and laboratory likely to be achieved and limitations. This tests shall be repeated to assess degree and table may be referred to as guidance for select- adequacy of improvement of subsoil. ing the proper method for a situation. NOTES 6.1.6.2 Annex B gives applicable grain size ranges for different treatment methods. 1 For medium and major works it is desirable, to initially earmark a trial area for establishing the pattern and efficiency of the treatment technique 6.1.6.3 For a particular situation more than employed and optimization of the same. one method may appear to be suitable. In 2 It will also be beneficial to include a programme of such cases a relative study should be made instrumentation to monitor the behaviour of subsoil for a proper selection. If necessary, a com- during loading by measurement of pore pressure, soil movements, earth pressures, foundation settle- bination of more than one method may be ment, etc. more suitable. 9 RECORDING OF DATA 7 EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES 9.1 A competent inspector shall be present The equipment and accessories will depend to record the necessary information during upon the method of ground improvement execution of the ground improvement work. adopted. In practice, the type of equipment employed can vary considerably depending upon the design and resources of the con- 9.2 Data to be recorded shall include: tractor. However, not only it is important that the equipment should be capable of reaching 4 Sequence of operation of the work; the required depths but also the installation b) Sequence and spacing of treatment procedure should not adversely affect subsoil points; properties thereby reducing efficacy of treat- ment procedure adopted. C> Depth of treatment; 4 Details of equipment employed and 8 CONTROL OF GROUND IMPROVEMENT installation procedure followed; WORKS Records of instrumentation, if any; 8.1 Prior to commencement of ground impro- Results of soil tests before and after vement works, pilot boreholes with relevant treatment; and field and laboratory tests shall be carried out in locations specific to area to be improved. Settlements during preloading. 3ANNEX A ( Clause 5.1.6.1 ) SOIL IMPROVEMENT METHODS ._~.-__- . r3 Summary of Soil Improvement Methods ~___ ______ Method Principle Most Suitable Soil Maximum Special Mate- Special Equipment Properties of Special Adavantages Relative Conditions/Types Effective Treat- rials Required Required Treated Material and Limitations cost ment Depth -I Blasting Shock wa vcs and Saturated, clean >30 Ill Explosives, Jetting or drilling Can obtain relative Rapid. inexpensive, Low vibrations cause sands : partly sat- backfill to machine densities to 70-80, can treat any me liquefaction and mated sands and plug drill may get variabie areas : variable pro- displacement with silts ( collapsible holes, hole density time dcp- perities, no improve- settlement to hig- loess ) after flooding casings endent strength mcnt near surface, her density gain dangerous z;iretory Densification by Saturated or dry 20 m None Vibratcry pile Can obtain rela- Rapid, simple, good Mode- vibration; liquefa- clean sand ( Ineffective ) driver and 750 tive densities of underwater, soft rate ction induced above 3 - 4 m mm dia, open up to 80. Incffec- underlayers may settlement under depth ) steel pipe tive in some sands damp vibrations, overburden difficult to pc-netrate, stiff overlayers, not good in partly saturated soils Vibro- Densification by Cohesionless soils 30 m Granular Vibroflot, crane, Can obtain high Useful in saturated Mode- compac- vibration and with less than 20 backfill, pumps relative densities, and partly saturated rate lion compaction of fines water good uniformity soils, uniformity backfill material supply Compac- Densification by Loose sandy soils : >20 m Pile material Pile driver, Can obtain high Useful i,l soils with Modr- tion Piles displacement of partly saturated ( often sand special sand densities, good fines, uniform com- rate to pile volume and clayey soils, loess or soil plus pile equipment uniformity paction, easy to high by vibration cement check results, slow, during driving mixture ) limited improvement in upper l-2 m l__~--_l_ ____~_~ Heavy Repeated appli- Cohesionless soils, 30 m None Tampers of up Can obtain good Simple, rapid, suitable Low Tamping cation of high waste fills, partly to 200 tons, high impro vemer,t for some soils with (Dynamic intensity impacts saturated soils capacity crane and reasonable fines ; usable above and Consoli- at surface uniformity below water, requires dation) control, must be away from existing structuresParticu- Penetration grout- Medium to coarse Unlimited Grout, Mixers, tanks, Impervious, high Low cost grouts, high Lowest late ing-fill soil pores sand and gravel water pumps, hoses strength with strength; limited to of the Grouting with Foil, cement, cement grout, coarse-grained soils, grout and/or clay eliminate lique- hard to evaluate systems factiou danger Chemical Solutions of two Medium silts and Unlimited Grout, Mixers, tanks, Impervious, 10~ Low viscosity con- High Grouting or more cherr.icals coarser water pumps, hoses to high strength trollable gel time, to very react in soil pores eliminate lique- good water shut-off: . high to form a gel or a faction danger high cost, hard to solid precipitate evaluate Pressure Lime slurry injec- Expansive clays Unlimited, Lime, Slurry tanks, Lime encapsula- Only effective in Compe IEjected ted to shallow but 2-3 m water agitators? ted zones formed narrow range of titive Lime depths under usual surfactant pumps, hoses by channels resu- soil conditions with high prsssure lting from cracks, other root holes, solu- hydraulic tions to fracture expan- sive soil pro- blems Displace- Highly viscous Soft, finegrained Unlimited, Soil, cement Batching equip- Grout bulbs Good for correction Low ment grout acts as soils; foundation but a few water ment, high pre- within compre- of differential settle- mater- Grout radial hydraulic soils with large m usual ssure pumps, ssed soil matrix merits. filling large ial high jack when pum- voids or cavities hoses voids; careful cont- injection ped in under rol required high pressure Electro- Stabilizing chemi- Saturated silts ; Unknown Chemical DC power Increased stren- Existing soil and stru- Expen- kinetic cals moved into silty clays ( clean stabilizer supply, anodes, gth, reduced ctlures not subjicted to sive Iniection soil by electro- sands in case of colloidal cathodes compressibility, high pressures; no osmosis or coll- colloid injection ) void fillers reduced liqucfa- good in soil with oids into pores ction potenti al high conductivity by electrophorasis Jet High speed jets at _ ands, silts, clays Water, Special jet Solidified col- Useful in soils that Grou ting depth excavate in- ’ stabilizing nozzle, pumps, umns and walls can’t be permeation ject, and mix siabi- chemicals pipes and hoses grouted? precision lizer with soil to in locatmg treated form columns or zones panelsANNEX A ( continued ) Summary of Soil Improvement Methods Method Principle Most Suitable Soil Maximum Special Mate- Special Equipment Properties 0 f Special Advantages Relative Conditions/Types Effective Treat- Gals Required Required Treated Material and Limitations . Cost ment Depth Preload- Load is applied Normally consoli- __ Earth fill or Earth moving Reduced water Easy, theory well Low ing with/ sufficiently in adv- dated soft clays, other mate- equipment, large content and void developed, uniformity; (Mode- without ante of construc- silts, organic rial for water tanks or ratio, increased requires long time rate if Drain tion so that com- deposits, comple- loading the vacuum drain- strength ( vertical drains vert i - pression of soft ted sanitary site; sand or age systems can be used to reduce cal soils is completed landfills gravel for sometimes used; consolidation time ) drains prior to develop- drainage settlement are ment of the site blanket markers. requi- piezometers red ) 2 ‘;: Surcharge Fill in excess of Normally consoli- -- Earth fill or Earth moving Reduced water Faster than preload- Mode- z Fills that required dated soft clays, other mate- equipment: content, void ing without surcharge, rate k permanently is silts, organic depo- rial for settlement ratio and com- theory well developed g applied to achieve sits, completed loading the markers, pressibility; extra material handl- 8 a given amount of sanitary landfills site; sand or piezometers increased ing; can llse vertical k settlement in a gravel for strength drains to reduce shorter time; drainage consolidation time excess fill then blanket removed Electro- DC current causes Normally consoli- -- Anodes (UFU- DC power Reduced water No fill loading requi- High osmosis water flow from dated silts and ally rebars supply, wiring, content and red, be used in con- anode towards silty clays or alu- metering compressibility, fined area, relatively cathode where it minium) systems increased fast; non-uniform is removed cathodes strength, elec- properties between ( well points trochemical electrodes; no or rebars ) hardening good in highly conductive soils~~~~ Remnve Foundation soil Inorganic soils 10 m Admixture Excavnting, Increased stren- Uniform, controlled High and excavated, impro- stabilizers mixing, and gth and stiffness, foundation soil when Replace ved by drying or Compaction reduced come- replaced; may admixture, and equipment pressibility require large area rccompactcd dewatcring dcwatcring system Structu- Structural fill dis- Use over soft clays -- Sand, gra - Mixing and Soft subgradc High strength, good Low to ral Fills tributes loads to or organic soils, vel fly ash, compaction protected by load distribution high underlying soft marsh deposits bottom ash, equipment structural load- to underlying soft * soils slag, expa- bearing fill soils nded aggre- gate, clam shell or oyster shell, incinerator ash Mix-in- Lime, cement, or All soft or loose > 20 m Cement, Drill rig, rotary Solidified soil Uses native soil, Mode- Place asphalt introdu- inorganic soils lime asph- cutting and piles or walls reduced lateral sup- rate to Piles and ted through rota- alt, or mixing head, of relatively port requirements high Walls ting auger or chemical additive pro- high strength during excavation; special in-place stabilizer portioning difficult quality mixer equipment control _- I - Heating Drying at low Fine-grained 1.5 m Fuel Fuel tanks, Reduced water Can obtain irrever- High temperatures; soils, especially burners, content, plasti- sib12 improvements alteration of partly saturated blowers city, water sen- in properties: can clays at interme- clays and silts, sitivity; increa- introduce stabilizers diate tempera- loess sed strength with hot gases tures (400-600°C); fusion at high temperatures (>lOOO~C) Freezing Freeze soft., wet All soils Several m Refrigerant Refrigeration Increased stren- No good in flowing High ground to Increase system gth and stiffness, ground water, its strength and reduced perme- temporary stiffness ability -ANNEX A ( corduded ) Summary of Soil Improvement Methods Metbod Principle Most Suitable Soil Maximum Special Mate- Special Eqltipment Properties 0 f Special Advantages Relative Conditions/Types Effective Treat- rials Required Required Treated Material and Limitations * Cost ment Depth Vibro Hole jetted into Soft clays and 20 m Gravel or Vibroflot, crane Iixcreased bc;:r- I_‘&!stert hat- prccom- Mode- Replace- soft, fine-grained alluvia1 deposits crush& or vibrocat, ing cap&city, pression, avoids rate to mer.t Stone soil and backfilled rock backfill water reduced settle- dewatcring required high and Sand with densely com- ments for remove aud Columns pacted gravel or replac:; limited sand bearing capacity - Z Root Inclusions used All soils Reinforcing Drilling and Reinforced z3ne In-situ rci!~forcement Mode- 8 Pilts, to carry tension, bars, grouting equip- behaves as a for soils that c:::i’t rate to Soils shear, compre- cement ment coherent mass be grouted clr mixed- high s Nailing ssion grout in-place with .9 admixtures B -~ Strips Horizontalt;;;jle Cohesionless Can cor3t- Metal or Excavating, Self-supporting Economical, earth Low to and strips, soils ruct earth plastic earth handling, earth structures, structures coherent, mode- a Mem- nes buried in soil structures strips, and compaction increased bear- can tolerate c!efor- rate branes under embank- to heights geotextiles equipment ing capacity, mations; increased ments, gravel of several reduced defor- allowable bearing base courses and tons of m mations pressure footings -_IS 13094 : 1992 ANNEX B . ( Clause 6.1.6.2 ) GRAIN SIZE RANGES FOR DIFFERENT TREATMENT METHODS iravall Sand I Silt I IC la I I Vibro-comoaction \ I I Blast ina \ I ‘articulata Grou 1 Chemical Grout _ I 0.1 0.01 Particla Size - m m 9I I 1S tandard Mark i The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Burcurr 0~1ndfun Standards Act, I986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards. I
ISO 9001 2015 QMS.pdf	INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 9001 Fifth edition 2015-09-15 Quality management systems — Requirements Systèmes de management de la qualité — Exigences Reference number ISO 9001:2015(E) © ISO 2015ISO 9001:2015(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Contents Page Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................................................................1 3 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................................................................................................................1 4 Context of the organization .......................................................................................................................................................................1 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context .......................................................................................................1 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties ..............................................................2 4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system .............................................................................2 4.4 Quality management system and its processes ..........................................................................................................2 5 Leadership ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 5.1 Leadership and commitment .....................................................................................................................................................3 5.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................3 5.1.2 Customer focus ..................................................................................................................................................................3 5.2 Policy ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................4 5.2.1 Establishing the quality policy .............................................................................................................................4 5.2.2 Communicating the quality policy ....................................................................................................................4 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities..........................................................................................4 6 Planning .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities ...................................................................................................................4 6.2 Quality objectives and planning to achieve them ......................................................................................................5 6.3 Planning of changes ............................................................................................................................................................................5 7 Support ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1 Resources .....................................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.2 People ........................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.3 Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.4 Environment for the operation of processes ...........................................................................................6 7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources ...........................................................................................................7 7.1.6 Organizational knowledge .......................................................................................................................................7 7.2 Competence ...............................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.3 Awareness ...................................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.4 Communication ......................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.5 Documented information ...............................................................................................................................................................8 7.5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.5.2 Creating and updating .................................................................................................................................................9 7.5.3 Control of documented information ...............................................................................................................9 8 Operation .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 8.1 Operational planning and control ..........................................................................................................................................9 8.2 Requirements for products and services ......................................................................................................................10 8.2.1 Customer communication .....................................................................................................................................10 8.2.2 Determining the requirements for products and services .......................................................10 8.2.3 Review of the requirements for products and services ..............................................................10 8.2.4 Changes to requirements for products and services .....................................................................11 8.3 Design and development of products and services ..............................................................................................11 8.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................11 8.3.2 Design and development planning ................................................................................................................11 8.3.3 Design and development inputs ......................................................................................................................11 8.3.4 Design and development controls .................................................................................................................12 8.3.5 Design and development outputs ..................................................................................................................12 8.3.6 Design and development changes ..................................................................................................................12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iiiISO 9001:2015(E) 8.4 Control of externally provided processes, products and services ...........................................................13 8.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................13 8.4.2 Type and extent of control ....................................................................................................................................13 8.4.3 Information for external providers ...............................................................................................................13 8.5 Production and service provision ........................................................................................................................................14 8.5.1 Control of production and service provision ........................................................................................14 8.5.2 Identification and traceability ...........................................................................................................................14 8.5.3 Property belonging to customers or external providers ............................................................15 8.5.4 Preservation ......................................................................................................................................................................15 8.5.5 Post-delivery activities ............................................................................................................................................15 8.5.6 Control of changes .......................................................................................................................................................15 8.6 Release of products and services .........................................................................................................................................15 8.7 Control of nonconforming outputs .....................................................................................................................................16 9 Performance evaluation ............................................................................................................................................................................16 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation ............................................................................................16 9.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................16 9.1.2 Customer satisfaction ...............................................................................................................................................17 9.1.3 Analysis and evaluation ..........................................................................................................................................17 9.2 Internal audit .........................................................................................................................................................................................17 9.3 Management review ........................................................................................................................................................................18 9.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................18 9.3.2 Management review inputs .................................................................................................................................18 9.3.3 Management review outputs .............................................................................................................................18 10 Improvement .........................................................................................................................................................................................................19 10.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action ..............................................................................................................................19 10.3 Continual improvement ...............................................................................................................................................................19 Annex A (informative) Clarification of new structure, terminology and concepts ............................................21 Annex B (informative) Other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems developed by ISO/TC 176 .............................................................................................................25 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, Subcommittee SC 2, Quality systems. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 9001:2008), which has been technically revised, through the adoption of a revised clause sequence and the adaptation of the revised quality management principles and of new concepts. It also cancels and replaces the Technical Corrigendum ISO 9001:2008/Cor.1:2009. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v - - - n is permitted.ISO 9001:2015(E) Introduction 0.1 General The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives. The potential benefits to an organization of implementing a quality management system based on this International Standard are: a) the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; b) facilitating opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction; c) addressing risks and opportunities associated with its context and objectives; d) the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements. This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties. It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply the need for: — uniformity in the structure of different quality management systems; — alignment of documentation to the clause structure of this International Standard; — the use of the specific terminology of this International Standard within the organization. The quality management system requirements specified in this International Standard are complementary to requirements for products and services. This International Standard employs the process approach, which incorporates the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking. The process approach enables an organization to plan its processes and their interactions. The PDCA cycle enables an organization to ensure that its processes are adequately resourced and managed, and that opportunities for improvement are determined and acted on. Risk-based thinking enables an organization to determine the factors that could cause its processes and its quality management system to deviate from the planned results, to put in place preventive controls to minimize negative effects and to make maximum use of opportunities as they arise (see Clause A.4). Consistently meeting requirements and addressing future needs and expectations poses a challenge for organizations in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. To achieve this objective, the organization might find it necessary to adopt various forms of improvement in addition to correction and continual improvement, such as breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization. In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used: — “shall” indicates a requirement; — “should” indicates a recommendation; — “may” indicates a permission; — “can” indicates a possibility or a capability. Information marked as “NOTE” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement. vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved s permitted.ISO 9001:2015(E) 0.2 Quality management principles This International Standard is based on the quality management principles described in ISO 9000. The descriptions include a statement of each principle, a rationale of why the principle is important for the organization, some examples of benefits associated with the principle and examples of typical actions to improve the organization’s performance when applying the principle. The quality management principles are: — customer focus; — leadership; — engagement of people; — process approach; — improvement; — evidence-based decision making; — relationship management. 0.3 Process approach 0.3.1 General This International Standard promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. Specific requirements considered essential to the adoption of a process approach are included in 4.4. Understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its intended results. This approach enables the organization to control the interrelationships and interdependencies among the processes of the system, so that the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced. The process approach involves the systematic definition and management of processes, and their interactions, so as to achieve the intended results in accordance with the quality policy and strategic direction of the organization. Management of the processes and the system as a whole can be achieved using the PDCA cycle (see 0.3.2) with an overall focus on risk-based thinking (see 0.3.3) aimed at taking advantage of opportunities and preventing undesirable results. The application of the process approach in a quality management system enables: a) understanding and consistency in meeting requirements; b) the consideration of processes in terms of added value; c) the achievement of effective process performance; d) improvement of processes based on evaluation of data and information. Figure 1 gives a schematic representation of any process and shows the interaction of its elements. The monitoring and measuring check points, which are necessary for control, are specific to each process and will vary depending on the related risks. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved vii tted.ISO 9001:2015(E) Figure 1 — Schematic representation of the elements of a single process 0.3.2 Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle The PDCA cycle can be applied to all processes and to the quality management system as a whole. Figure 2 illustrates how Clauses 4 to 10 can be grouped in relation to the PDCA cycle. NOTE Numbers in brackets refer to the clauses in this International Standard. Figure 2 — Representation of the structure of this International Standard in the PDCA cycle viii © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) The PDCA cycle can be briefly described as follows: — Plan: establish the objectives of the system and its processes, and the resources needed to deliver results in accordance with customers’ requirements and the organization’s policies, and identify and address risks and opportunities; — Do: implement what was planned; — Check: monitor and (where applicable) measure processes and the resulting products and services against policies, objectives, requirements and planned activities, and report the results; — Act: take actions to improve performance, as necessary. 0.3.3 Risk-based thinking Risk-based thinking (see Clause A.4) is essential for achieving an effective quality management system. The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions of this International Standard including, for example, carrying out preventive action to eliminate potential nonconformities, analysing any nonconformities that do occur, and taking action to prevent recurrence that is appropriate for the effects of the nonconformity. To conform to the requirements of this International Standard, an organization needs to plan and implement actions to address risks and opportunities. Addressing both risks and opportunities establishes a basis for increasing the effectiveness of the quality management system, achieving improved results and preventing negative effects. Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favourable to achieving an intended result, for example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to attract customers, develop new products and services, reduce waste or improve productivity. Actions to address opportunities can also include consideration of associated risks. Risk is the effect of uncertainty and any such uncertainty can have positive or negative effects. A positive deviation arising from a risk can provide an opportunity, but not all positive effects of risk result in opportunities. 0.4 Relationship with other management system standards This International Standard applies the framework developed by ISO to improve alignment among its International Standards for management systems (see Clause A.1). This International Standard enables an organization to use the process approach, coupled with the PDCA cycle and risk-based thinking, to align or integrate its quality management system with the requirements of other management system standards. This International Standard relates to ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 as follows: — ISO 9000 Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary provides essential background for the proper understanding and implementation of this International Standard; — ISO 9004 Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach provides guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond the requirements of this International Standard. Annex B provides details of other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems that have been developed by ISO/TC 176. This International Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems, such as those for environmental management, occupational health and safety management, or financial management. Sector-specific quality management system standards based on the requirements of this International Standard have been developed for a number of sectors. Some of these standards specify additional quality management system requirements, while others are limited to providing guidance to the application of this International Standard within the particular sector. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved ixISO 9001:2015(E) A matrix showing the correlation between the clauses of this edition of this International Standard and the previous edition (ISO 9001:2008) can be found on the ISO/TC 176/SC 2 open access web site at: www.iso.org/tc176/sc02/public. x © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9001:2015(E) Quality management systems — Requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization: a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. All the requirements of this International Standard are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides. NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the terms “product” or “service” only apply to products and services intended for, or required by, a customer. NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000:2015, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000:2015 apply. 4 Context of the organization 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context The organization shall determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and its strategic direction and that affect its ability to achieve the intended result(s) of its quality management system. The organization shall monitor and review information about these external and internal issues. NOTE 1 Issues can include positive and negative factors or conditions for consideration. NOTE 2 Understanding the external context can be facilitated by considering issues arising from legal, technological, competitive, market, cultural, social and economic environments, whether international, national, regional or local. NOTE 3 Understanding the internal context can be facilitated by considering issues related to values, culture, knowledge and performance of the organization. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1 .ISO 9001:2015(E) 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties Due to their effect or potential effect on the organization’s ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, the organization shall determine: a) the interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system; b) the requirements of these interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system. The organization shall monitor and review information about these interested parties and their relevant requirements. 4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the quality management system to establish its scope. When determining this scope, the organization shall consider: a) the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; b) the requirements of relevant interested parties referred to in 4.2; c) the products and services of the organization. The organization shall apply all the requirements of this International Standard if they are applicable within the determined scope of its quality management system. The scope of the organization’s quality management system shall be available and be maintained as documented information. The scope shall state the types of products and services covered, and provide justification for any requirement of this International Standard that the organization determines is not applicable to the scope of its quality management system. Conformity to this International Standard may only be claimed if the requirements determined as not being applicable do not affect the organization’s ability or responsibility to ensure the conformity of its products and services and the enhancement of customer satisfaction. 4.4 Quality management system and its processes 4.4.1 The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve a quality management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard. The organization shall determine the processes needed for the quality management system and their application throughout the organization, and shall: a) determine the inputs required and the outputs expected from these processes; b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes; c) determine and apply the criteria and methods (including monitoring, measurements and related performance indicators) needed to ensure the effective operation and control of these processes; d) determine the resources needed for these processes and ensure their availability; e) assign the responsibilities and authorities for these processes; f) address the risks and opportunities as determined in accordance with the requirements of 6.1; g) evaluate these processes and implement any changes needed to ensure that these processes achieve their intended results; 2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) h) improve the processes and the quality management system. 4.4.2 To the extent necessary, the organization shall: a) maintain documented information to support the operation of its processes; b) retain documented information to have confidence that the processes are being carried out as planned. 5 Leadership 5.1 Leadership and commitment 5.1.1 General Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the quality management system by: a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the quality management system; b) ensuring that the quality policy and quality objectives are established for the quality management system and are compatible with the context and strategic direction of the organization; c) ensuring the integration of the quality management system requirements into the organization’s business processes; d) promoting the use of the process approach and risk-based thinking; e) ensuring that the resources needed for the quality management system are available; f) communicating the importance of effective quality management and of conforming to the quality management system requirements; g) ensuring that the quality management system achieves its intended results; h) engaging, directing and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the quality management system; i) promoting improvement; j) supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility. NOTE Reference to “business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organization’s existence, whether the organization is public, private, for profit or not for profit. 5.1.2 Customer focus Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to customer focus by ensuring that: a) customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements are determined, understood and consistently met; b) the risks and opportunities that can affect conformity of products and services and the ability to enhance customer satisfaction are determined and addressed; c) the focus on enhancing customer satisfaction is maintained. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3ISO 9001:2015(E) 5.2 Policy 5.2.1 Establishing the quality policy Top management shall establish, implement and maintain a quality policy that: a) is appropriate to the purpose and context of the organization and supports its strategic direction; b) provides a framework for setting quality objectives; c) includes a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements; d) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the quality management system. 5.2.2 Communicating the quality policy The quality policy shall: a) be available and be maintained as documented information; b) be communicated, understood and applied within the organization; c) be available to relevant interested parties, as appropriate. 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities Top management shall ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned, communicated and understood within the organization. Top management shall assign the responsibility and authority for: a) ensuring that the quality management system conforms to the requirements of this International Standard; b) ensuring that the processes are delivering their intended outputs; c) reporting on the performance of the quality management system and on opportunities for improvement (see 10.1), in particular to top management; d) ensuring the promotion of customer focus throughout the organization; e) ensuring that the integrity of the quality management system is maintained when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented. 6 Planning 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities 6.1.1 When planning for the quality management system, the organization shall consider the issues referred to in 4.1 and the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed to: a) give assurance that the quality management system can achieve its intended result(s); b) enhance desirable effects; c) prevent, or reduce, undesired effects; d) achieve improvement. 4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 6.1.2 The organization shall plan: a) actions to address these risks and opportunities; b) how to: 1) integrate and implement the actions into its quality management system processes (see 4.4); 2) evaluate the effectiveness of these actions. Actions taken to address risks and opportunities shall be proportionate to the potential impact on the conformity of products and services. NOTE 1 Options to address risks can include avoiding risk, taking risk in order to pursue an opportunity, eliminating the risk source, changing the likelihood or consequences, sharing the risk, or retaining risk by informed decision. NOTE 2 Opportunities can lead to the adoption of new practices, launching new products, opening new markets, addressing new customers, building partnerships, using new technology and other desirable and viable possibilities to address the organization’s or its customers’ needs. 6.2 Quality objectives and planning to achieve them 6.2.1 The organization shall establish quality objectives at relevant functions, levels and processes needed for the quality management system. The quality objectives shall: a) be consistent with the quality policy; b) be measurable; c) take into account applicable requirements; d) be relevant to conformity of products and services and to enhancement of customer satisfaction; e) be monitored; f) be communicated; g) be updated as appropriate. The organization shall maintain documented information on the quality objectives. 6.2.2 When planning how to achieve its quality objectives, the organization shall determine: a) what will be done; b) what resources will be required; c) who will be responsible; d) when it will be completed; e) how the results will be evaluated. 6.3 Planning of changes When the organization determines the need for changes to the quality management system, the changes shall be carried out in a planned manner (see 4.4). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 5ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall consider: a) the purpose of the changes and their potential consequences; b) the integrity of the quality management system; c) the availability of resources; d) the allocation or reallocation of responsibilities and authorities. 7 Support 7.1 Resources 7.1.1 General The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the quality management system. The organization shall consider: a) the capabilities of, and constraints on, existing internal resources; b) what needs to be obtained from external providers. 7.1.2 People The organization shall determine and provide the persons necessary for the effective implementation of its quality management system and for the operation and control of its processes. 7.1.3 Infrastructure The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the infrastructure necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. NOTE Infrastructure can include: a) buildings and associated utilities; b) equipment, including hardware and software; c) transportation resources; d) information and communication technology. 7.1.4 Environment for the operation of processes The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the environment necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. NOTE A suitable environment can be a combination of human and physical factors, such as: a) social (e.g. non-discriminatory, calm, non-confrontational); b) psychological (e.g. stress-reducing, burnout prevention, emotionally protective); c) physical (e.g. temperature, heat, humidity, light, airflow, hygiene, noise). These factors can differ substantially depending on the products and services provided. 6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources 7.1.5.1 General The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed to ensure valid and reliable results when monitoring or measuring is used to verify the conformity of products and services to requirements. The organization shall ensure that the resources provided: a) are suitable for the specific type of monitoring and measurement activities being undertaken; b) are maintained to ensure their continuing fitness for their purpose. The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of fitness for purpose of the monitoring and measurement resources. 7.1.5.2 Measurement traceability When measurement traceability is a requirement, or is considered by the organization to be an essential part of providing confidence in the validity of measurement results, measuring equipment shall be: a) calibrated or verified, or both, at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards; when no such standards exist, the basis used for calibration or verification shall be retained as documented information; b) identified in order to determine their status; c) safeguarded from adjustments, damage or deterioration that would invalidate the calibration status and subsequent measurement results. The organization shall determine if the validity of previous measurement results has been adversely affected when measuring equipment is found to be unfit for its intended purpose, and shall take appropriate action as necessary. 7.1.6 Organizational knowledge The organization shall determine the knowledge necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. This knowledge shall be maintained and be made available to the extent necessary. When addressing changing needs and trends, the organization shall consider its current knowledge and determine how to acquire or access any necessary additional knowledge and required updates. NOTE 1 Organizational knowledge is knowledge specific to the organization; it is generally gained by experience. It is information that is used and shared to achieve the organization’s objectives. NOTE 2 Organizational knowledge can be based on: a) internal sources (e.g. intellectual property; knowledge gained from experience; lessons learned from failures and successful projects; capturing and sharing undocumented knowledge and experience; the results of improvements in processes, products and services); b) external sources (e.g. standards; academia; conferences; gathering knowledge from customers or external providers). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 7ISO 9001:2015(E) 7.2 Competence The organization shall: a) determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its control that affects the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system; b) ensure that these persons are competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, or experience; c) where applicable, take actions to acquire the necessary competence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken; d) retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence. NOTE Applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring of, or the re- assignment of currently employed persons; or the hiring or contracting of competent persons. 7.3 Awareness The organization shall ensure that persons doing work under the organization’s control are aware of: a) the quality policy; b) relevant quality objectives; c) their contribution to the effectiveness of the quality management system, including the benefits of improved performance; d) the implications of not conforming with the quality management system requirements. 7.4 Communication The organization shall determine the internal and external communications relevant to the quality management system, including: a) on what it will communicate; b) when to communicate; c) with whom to communicate; d) how to communicate; e) who communicates. 7.5 Documented information 7.5.1 General The organization’s quality management system shall include: a) documented information required by this International Standard; b) documented information determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the quality management system. NOTE The extent of documented information for a quality management system can differ from one organization to another due to: — the size of organization and its type of activities, processes, products and services; 8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) — the complexity of processes and their interactions; — the competence of persons. 7.5.2 Creating and updating When creating and updating documented information, the organization shall ensure appropriate: a) identification and description (e.g. a title, date, author, or reference number); b) format (e.g. language, software version, graphics) and media (e.g. paper, electronic); c) review and approval for suitability and adequacy. 7.5.3 Control of documented information 7.5.3.1 Documented information required by the quality management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled to ensure: a) it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed; b) it is adequately protected (e.g. from loss of confidentiality, improper use, or loss of integrity). 7.5.3.2 For the control of documented information, the organization shall address the following activities, as applicable: a) distribution, access, retrieval and use; b) storage and preservation, including preservation of legibility; c) control of changes (e.g. version control); d) retention and disposition. Documented information of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the quality management system shall be identified as appropriate, and be controlled. Documented information retained as evidence of conformity shall be protected from unintended alterations. NOTE Access can imply a decision regarding the permission to view the documented information only, or the permission and authority to view and change the documented information. 8 Operation 8.1 Operational planning and control The organization shall plan, implement and control the processes (see 4.4) needed to meet the requirements for the provision of products and services, and to implement the actions determined in Clause 6, by: a) determining the requirements for the products and services; b) establishing criteria for: 1) the processes; 2) the acceptance of products and services; c) determining the resources needed to achieve conformity to the product and service requirements; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 9ISO 9001:2015(E) d) implementing control of the processes in accordance with the criteria; e) determining, maintaining and retaining documented information to the extent necessary: 1) to have confidence that the processes have been carried out as planned; 2) to demonstrate the conformity of products and services to their requirements. The output of this planning shall be suitable for the organization’s operations. The organization shall control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary. The organization shall ensure that outsourced processes are controlled (see 8.4). 8.2 Requirements for products and services 8.2.1 Customer communication Communication with customers shall include: a) providing information relating to products and services; b) handling enquiries, contracts or orders, including changes; c) obtaining customer feedback relating to products and services, including customer complaints; d) handling or controlling customer property; e) establishing specific requirements for contingency actions, when relevant. 8.2.2 Determining the requirements for products and services When determining the requirements for the products and services to be offered to customers, the organization shall ensure that: a) the requirements for the products and services are defined, including: 1) any applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; 2) those considered necessary by the organization; b) the organization can meet the claims for the products and services it offers. 8.2.3 Review of the requirements for products and services 8.2.3.1 The organization shall ensure that it has the ability to meet the requirements for products and services to be offered to customers. The organization shall conduct a review before committing to supply products and services to a customer, to include: a) requirements specified by the customer, including the requirements for delivery and post- delivery activities; b) requirements not stated by the customer, but necessary for the specified or intended use, when known; c) requirements specified by the organization; d) statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the products and services; e) contract or order requirements differing from those previously expressed. 10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall ensure that contract or order requirements differing from those previously defined are resolved. The customer’s requirements shall be confirmed by the organization before acceptance, when the customer does not provide a documented statement of their requirements. NOTE In some situations, such as internet sales, a formal review is impractical for each order. Instead, the review can cover relevant product information, such as catalogues. 8.2.3.2 The organization shall retain documented information, as applicable: a) on the results of the review; b) on any new requirements for the products and services. 8.2.4 Changes to requirements for products and services The organization shall ensure that relevant documented information is amended, and that relevant persons are made aware of the changed requirements, when the requirements for products and services are changed. 8.3 Design and development of products and services 8.3.1 General The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a design and development process that is appropriate to ensure the subsequent provision of products and services. 8.3.2 Design and development planning In determining the stages and controls for design and development, the organization shall consider: a) the nature, duration and complexity of the design and development activities; b) the required process stages, including applicable design and development reviews; c) the required design and development verification and validation activities; d) the responsibilities and authorities involved in the design and development process; e) the internal and external resource needs for the design and development of products and services; f) the need to control interfaces between persons involved in the design and development process; g) the need for involvement of customers and users in the design and development process; h) the requirements for subsequent provision of products and services; i) the level of control expected for the design and development process by customers and other relevant interested parties; j) the documented information needed to demonstrate that design and development requirements have been met. 8.3.3 Design and development inputs The organization shall determine the requirements essential for the specific types of products and services to be designed and developed. The organization shall consider: a) functional and performance requirements; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 11 .ISO 9001:2015(E) b) information derived from previous similar design and development activities; c) statutory and regulatory requirements; d) standards or codes of practice that the organization has committed to implement; e) potential consequences of failure due to the nature of the products and services. Inputs shall be adequate for design and development purposes, complete and unambiguous. Conflicting design and development inputs shall be resolved. The organization shall retain documented information on design and development inputs. 8.3.4 Design and development controls The organization shall apply controls to the design and development process to ensure that: a) the results to be achieved are defined; b) reviews are conducted to evaluate the ability of the results of design and development to meet requirements; c) verification activities are conducted to ensure that the design and development outputs meet the input requirements; d) validation activities are conducted to ensure that the resulting products and services meet the requirements for the specified application or intended use; e) any necessary actions are taken on problems determined during the reviews, or verification and validation activities; f) documented information of these activities is retained. NOTE Design and development reviews, verification and validation have distinct purposes. They can be conducted separately or in any combination, as is suitable for the products and services of the organization. 8.3.5 Design and development outputs The organization shall ensure that design and development outputs: a) meet the input requirements; b) are adequate for the subsequent processes for the provision of products and services; c) include or reference monitoring and measuring requirements, as appropriate, and acceptance criteria; d) specify the characteristics of the products and services that are essential for their intended purpose and their safe and proper provision. The organization shall retain documented information on design and development outputs. 8.3.6 Design and development changes The organization shall identify, review and control changes made during, or subsequent to, the design and development of products and services, to the extent necessary to ensure that there is no adverse impact on conformity to requirements. The organization shall retain documented information on: a) design and development changes; b) the results of reviews; 12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) c) the authorization of the changes; d) the actions taken to prevent adverse impacts. 8.4 Control of externally provided processes, products and services 8.4.1 General The organization shall ensure that externally provided processes, products and services conform to requirements. The organization shall determine the controls to be applied to externally provided processes, products and services when: a) products and services from external providers are intended for incorporation into the organization’s own products and services; b) products and services are provided directly to the customer(s) by external providers on behalf of the organization; c) a process, or part of a process, is provided by an external provider as a result of a decision by the organization. The organization shall determine and apply criteria for the evaluation, selection, monitoring of performance, and re-evaluation of external providers, based on their ability to provide processes or products and services in accordance with requirements. The organization shall retain documented information of these activities and any necessary actions arising from the evaluations. 8.4.2 Type and extent of control The organization shall ensure that externally provided processes, products and services do not adversely affect the organization’s ability to consistently deliver conforming products and services to its customers. The organization shall: a) ensure that externally provided processes remain within the control of its quality management system; b) define both the controls that it intends to apply to an external provider and those it intends to apply to the resulting output; c) take into consideration: 1) the potential impact of the externally provided processes, products and services on the organization’s ability to consistently meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; 2) the effectiveness of the controls applied by the external provider; d) determine the verification, or other activities, necessary to ensure that the externally provided processes, products and services meet requirements. 8.4.3 Information for external providers The organization shall ensure the adequacy of requirements prior to their communication to the external provider. The organization shall communicate to external providers its requirements for: a) the processes, products and services to be provided; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 13ISO 9001:2015(E) b) the approval of: 1) products and services; 2) methods, processes and equipment; 3) the release of products and services; c) competence, including any required qualification of persons; d) the external providers’ interactions with the organization; e) control and monitoring of the external providers’ performance to be applied by the organization; f) verification or validation activities that the organization, or its customer, intends to perform at the external providers’ premises. 8.5 Production and service provision 8.5.1 Control of production and service provision The organization shall implement production and service provision under controlled conditions. Controlled conditions shall include, as applicable: a) the availability of documented information that defines: 1) the characteristics of the products to be produced, the services to be provided, or the activities to be performed; 2) the results to be achieved; b) the availability and use of suitable monitoring and measuring resources; c) the implementation of monitoring and measurement activities at appropriate stages to verify that criteria for control of processes or outputs, and acceptance criteria for products and services, have been met; d) the use of suitable infrastructure and environment for the operation of processes; e) the appointment of competent persons, including any required qualification; f) the validation, and periodic revalidation, of the ability to achieve planned results of the processes for production and service provision, where the resulting output cannot be verified by subsequent monitoring or measurement; g) the implementation of actions to prevent human error; h) the implementation of release, delivery and post-delivery activities. 8.5.2 Identification and traceability The organization shall use suitable means to identify outputs when it is necessary to ensure the conformity of products and services. The organization shall identify the status of outputs with respect to monitoring and measurement requirements throughout production and service provision. The organization shall control the unique identification of the outputs when traceability is a requirement, and shall retain the documented information necessary to enable traceability. 14 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 8.5.3 Property belonging to customers or external providers The organization shall exercise care with property belonging to customers or external providers while it is under the organization’s control or being used by the organization. The organization shall identify, verify, protect and safeguard customers’ or external providers’ property provided for use or incorporation into the products and services. When the property of a customer or external provider is lost, damaged or otherwise found to be unsuitable for use, the organization shall report this to the customer or external provider and retain documented information on what has occurred. NOTE A customer’s or external provider’s property can include materials, components, tools and equipment, premises, intellectual property and personal data. 8.5.4 Preservation The organization shall preserve the outputs during production and service provision, to the extent necessary to ensure conformity to requirements. NOTE Preservation can include identification, handling, contamination control, packaging, storage, transmission or transportation, and protection. 8.5.5 Post-delivery activities The organization shall meet requirements for post-delivery activities associated with the products and services. In determining the extent of post-delivery activities that are required, the organization shall consider: a) statutory and regulatory requirements; b) the potential undesired consequences associated with its products and services; c) the nature, use and intended lifetime of its products and services; d) customer requirements; e) customer feedback. NOTE Post-delivery activities can include actions under warranty provisions, contractual obligations such as maintenance services, and supplementary services such as recycling or final disposal. 8.5.6 Control of changes The organization shall review and control changes for production or service provision, to the extent necessary to ensure continuing conformity with requirements. The organization shall retain documented information describing the results of the review of changes, the person(s) authorizing the change, and any necessary actions arising from the review. 8.6 Release of products and services The organization shall implement planned arrangements, at appropriate stages, to verify that the product and service requirements have been met. The release of products and services to the customer shall not proceed until the planned arrangements have been satisfactorily completed, unless otherwise approved by a relevant authority and, as applicable, by the customer. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 15ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall retain documented information on the release of products and services. The documented information shall include: a) evidence of conformity with the acceptance criteria; b) traceability to the person(s) authorizing the release. 8.7 Control of nonconforming outputs 8.7.1 The organization shall ensure that outputs that do not conform to their requirements are identified and controlled to prevent their unintended use or delivery. The organization shall take appropriate action based on the nature of the nonconformity and its effect on the conformity of products and services. This shall also apply to nonconforming products and services detected after delivery of products, during or after the provision of services. The organization shall deal with nonconforming outputs in one or more of the following ways: a) correction; b) segregation, containment, return or suspension of provision of products and services; c) informing the customer; d) obtaining authorization for acceptance under concession. Conformity to the requirements shall be verified when nonconforming outputs are corrected. 8.7.2 The organization shall retain documented information that: a) describes the nonconformity; b) describes the actions taken; c) describes any concessions obtained; d) identifies the authority deciding the action in respect of the nonconformity. 9 Performance evaluation 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation 9.1.1 General The organization shall determine: a) what needs to be monitored and measured; b) the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation needed to ensure valid results; c) when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed; d) when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed and evaluated. The organization shall evaluate the performance and the effectiveness of the quality management system. The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of the results. 16 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 9.1.2 Customer satisfaction The organization shall monitor customers’ perceptions of the degree to which their needs and expectations have been fulfilled. The organization shall determine the methods for obtaining, monitoring and reviewing this information. NOTE Examples of monitoring customer perceptions can include customer surveys, customer feedback on delivered products and services, meetings with customers, market-share analysis, compliments, warranty claims and dealer reports. 9.1.3 Analysis and evaluation The organization shall analyse and evaluate appropriate data and information arising from monitoring and measurement. The results of analysis shall be used to evaluate: a) conformity of products and services; b) the degree of customer satisfaction; c) the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system; d) if planning has been implemented effectively; e) the effectiveness of actions taken to address risks and opportunities; f) the performance of external providers; g) the need for improvements to the quality management system. NOTE Methods to analyse data can include statistical techniques. 9.2 Internal audit 9.2.1 The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the quality management system: a) conforms to: 1) the organization’s own requirements for its quality management system; 2) the requirements of this International Standard; b) is effectively implemented and maintained. 9.2.2 The organization shall: a) plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s) including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting, which shall take into consideration the importance of the processes concerned, changes affecting the organization, and the results of previous audits; b) define the audit criteria and scope for each audit; c) select auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process; d) ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management; e) take appropriate correction and corrective actions without undue delay; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 17ISO 9001:2015(E) f) retain documented information as evidence of the implementation of the audit programme and the audit results. NOTE See ISO 19011 for guidance. 9.3 Management review 9.3.1 General Top management shall review the organization’s quality management system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy, effectiveness and alignment with the strategic direction of the organization. 9.3.2 Management review inputs The management review shall be planned and carried out taking into consideration: a) the status of actions from previous management reviews; b) changes in external and internal issues that are relevant to the quality management system; c) information on the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system, including trends in: 1) customer satisfaction and feedback from relevant interested parties; 2) the extent to which quality objectives have been met; 3) process performance and conformity of products and services; 4) nonconformities and corrective actions; 5) monitoring and measurement results; 6) audit results; 7) the performance of external providers; d) the adequacy of resources; e) the effectiveness of actions taken to address risks and opportunities (see 6.1); f) opportunities for improvement. 9.3.3 Management review outputs The outputs of the management review shall include decisions and actions related to: a) opportunities for improvement; b) any need for changes to the quality management system; c) resource needs. The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of the results of management reviews. 18 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 10 Improvement 10.1 General The organization shall determine and select opportunities for improvement and implement any necessary actions to meet customer requirements and enhance customer satisfaction. These shall include: a) improving products and services to meet requirements as well as to address future needs and expectations; b) correcting, preventing or reducing undesired effects; c) improving the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system. NOTE Examples of improvement can include correction, corrective action, continual improvement, breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization. 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action 10.2.1 When a nonconformity occurs, including any arising from complaints, the organization shall: a) react to the nonconformity and, as applicable: 1) take action to control and correct it; 2) deal with the consequences; b) evaluate the need for action to eliminate the cause(s) of the nonconformity, in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere, by: 1) reviewing and analysing the nonconformity; 2) determining the causes of the nonconformity; 3) determining if similar nonconformities exist, or could potentially occur; c) implement any action needed; d) review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken; e) update risks and opportunities determined during planning, if necessary; f) make changes to the quality management system, if necessary. Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered. 10.2.2 The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of: a) the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken; b) the results of any corrective action. 10.3 Continual improvement The organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the quality management system. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 19ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall consider the results of analysis and evaluation, and the outputs from management review, to determine if there are needs or opportunities that shall be addressed as part of continual improvement. 20 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Annex A (informative) Clarification of new structure, terminology and concepts A.1 Structure and terminology The clause structure (i.e. clause sequence) and some of the terminology of this edition of this International Standard, in comparison with the previous edition (ISO 9001:2008), have been changed to improve alignment with other management systems standards. There is no requirement in this International Standard for its structure and terminology to be applied to the documented information of an organization’s quality management system. The structure of clauses is intended to provide a coherent presentation of requirements, rather than a model for documenting an organization’s policies, objectives and processes. The structure and content of documented information related to a quality management system can often be more relevant to its users if it relates to both the processes operated by the organization and information maintained for other purposes. There is no requirement for the terms used by an organization to be replaced by the terms used in this International Standard to specify quality management system requirements. Organizations can choose to use terms which suit their operations (e.g. using “records”, “documentation” or “protocols” rather than “documented information”; or “supplier”, “partner” or “vendor” rather than “external provider”). Table A.1 shows the major differences in terminology between this edition of this International Standard and the previous edition. Table A.1 — Major differences in terminology between ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9001:2015 ISO 9001:2008 ISO 9001:2015 Products Products and services Exclusions Not used (See Clause A.5 for clarification of applicability) Management representative Not used (Similar responsibilities and authorities are assigned but no requirement for a single management repre- sentative) Documentation, quality manual, documented pro- Documented information cedures, records Work environment Environment for the operation of processes Monitoring and measuring equipment Monitoring and measuring resources Purchased product Externally provided products and services Supplier External provider A.2 Products and services ISO 9001:2008 used the term “product” to include all output categories. This edition of this International Standard uses “products and services”. “Products and services” include all output categories (hardware, services, software and processed materials). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 21ISO 9001:2015(E) The specific inclusion of “services” is intended to highlight the differences between products and services in the application of some requirements. The characteristic of services is that at least part of the output is realized at the interface with the customer. This means, for example, that conformity to requirements cannot necessarily be confirmed before service delivery. In most cases, products and services are used together. Most outputs that organizations provide to customers, or are supplied to them by external providers, include both products and services. For example, a tangible or intangible product can have some associated service or a service can have some associated tangible or intangible product. A.3 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties Subclause 4.2 specifies requirements for the organization to determine the interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system and the requirements of those interested parties. However, 4.2 does not imply extension of quality management system requirements beyond the scope of this International Standard. As stated in the scope, this International Standard is applicable where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and aims to enhance customer satisfaction. There is no requirement in this International Standard for the organization to consider interested parties where it has decided that those parties are not relevant to its quality management system. It is for the organization to decide if a particular requirement of a relevant interested party is relevant to its quality management system. A.4 Risk-based thinking The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions of this International Standard, e.g. through requirements for planning, review and improvement. This International Standard specifies requirements for the organization to understand its context (see 4.1) and determine risks as a basis for planning (see 6.1). This represents the application of risk-based thinking to planning and implementing quality management system processes (see 4.4) and will assist in determining the extent of documented information. One of the key purposes of a quality management system is to act as a preventive tool. Consequently, this International Standard does not have a separate clause or subclause on preventive action. The concept of preventive action is expressed through the use of risk-based thinking in formulating quality management system requirements. The risk-based thinking applied in this International Standard has enabled some reduction in prescriptive requirements and their replacement by performance-based requirements. There is greater flexibility than in ISO 9001:2008 in the requirements for processes, documented information and organizational responsibilities. Although 6.1 specifies that the organization shall plan actions to address risks, there is no requirement for formal methods for risk management or a documented risk management process. Organizations can decide whether or not to develop a more extensive risk management methodology than is required by this International Standard, e.g. through the application of other guidance or standards. Not all the processes of a quality management system represent the same level of risk in terms of the organization’s ability to meet its objectives, and the effects of uncertainty are not the same for all organizations. Under the requirements of 6.1, the organization is responsible for its application of risk- based thinking and the actions it takes to address risk, including whether or not to retain documented information as evidence of its determination of risks. 22 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) A.5 Applicability This International Standard does not refer to “exclusions” in relation to the applicability of its requirements to the organization’s quality management system. However, an organization can review the applicability of requirements due to the size or complexity of the organization, the management model it adopts, the range of the organization’s activities and the nature of the risks and opportunities it encounters. The requirements for applicability are addressed in 4.3, which defines conditions under which an organization can decide that a requirement cannot be applied to any of the processes within the scope of its quality management system. The organization can only decide that a requirement is not applicable if its decision will not result in failure to achieve conformity of products and services. A.6 Documented information As part of the alignment with other management system standards, a common clause on “documented information” has been adopted without significant change or addition (see 7.5). Where appropriate, text elsewhere in this International Standard has been aligned with its requirements. Consequently, “documented information” is used for all document requirements. Where ISO 9001:2008 used specific terminology such as “document” or “documented procedures”, “quality manual” or “quality plan”, this edition of this International Standard defines requirements to “maintain documented information”. Where ISO 9001:2008 used the term “records” to denote documents needed to provide evidence of conformity with requirements, this is now expressed as a requirement to “retain documented information”. The organization is responsible for determining what documented information needs to be retained, the period of time for which it is to be retained and the media to be used for its retention. A requirement to “maintain” documented information does not exclude the possibility that the organization might also need to “retain” that same documented information for a particular purpose, e.g. to retain previous versions of it. Where this International Standard refers to “information” rather than “documented information” (e.g. in 4.1: “The organization shall monitor and review the information about these external and internal issues”), there is no requirement that this information is to be documented. In such situations, the organization can decide whether or not it is necessary or appropriate to maintain documented information. A.7 Organizational knowledge In 7.1.6, this International Standard addresses the need to determine and manage the knowledge maintained by the organization, to ensure the operation of its processes and that it can achieve conformity of products and services. Requirements regarding organizational knowledge were introduced for the purpose of: a) safeguarding the organization from loss of knowledge, e.g. — through staff turnover; — failure to capture and share information; b) encouraging the organization to acquire knowledge, e.g. — learning from experience; — mentoring; — benchmarking. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 23ISO 9001:2015(E) A.8 Control of externally provided processes, products and services All forms of externally provided processes, products and services are addressed in 8.4, e.g. whether through: a) purchasing from a supplier; b) an arrangement with an associate company; c) outsourcing processes to an external provider. Outsourcing always has the essential characteristic of a service, since it will have at least one activity necessarily performed at the interface between the provider and the organization. The controls required for external provision can vary widely depending on the nature of the processes, products and services. The organization can apply risk-based thinking to determine the type and extent of controls appropriate to particular external providers and externally provided processes, products and services. 24 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Annex B (informative) Other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems developed by ISO/TC 176 The International Standards described in this annex have been developed by ISO/TC 176 to provide supporting information for organizations that apply this International Standard, and to provide guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond its requirements. Guidance or requirements contained in the documents listed in this annex do not add to, or modify, the requirements of this International Standard. Table B.1 shows the relationship between these standards and the relevant clauses of this International Standard. This annex does not include reference to the sector-specific quality management system standards developed by ISO/TC 176. This International Standard is one of the three core standards developed by ISO/TC 176. — ISO 9000 Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary provides an essential background for the proper understanding and implementation of this International Standard. The quality management principles are described in detail in ISO 9000 and have been taken into consideration during the development of this International Standard. These principles are not requirements in themselves, but they form the foundation of the requirements specified by this International Standard. ISO 9000 also defines the terms, definitions and concepts used in this International Standard. — ISO 9001 (this International Standard) specifies requirements aimed primarily at giving confidence in the products and services provided by an organization and thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Its proper implementation can also be expected to bring other organizational benefits, such as improved internal communication, better understanding and control of the organization’s processes. — ISO 9004 Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach provides guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond the requirements of this International Standard, to address a broader range of topics that can lead to improvement of the organization’s overall performance. ISO 9004 includes guidance on a self-assessment methodology for an organization to be able to evaluate the level of maturity of its quality management system. The International Standards outlined below can provide assistance to organizations when they are establishing or seeking to improve their quality management systems, their processes or their activities. — ISO 10001 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations provides guidance to an organization in determining that its customer satisfaction provisions meet customer needs and expectations. Its use can enhance customer confidence in an organization and improve customer understanding of what to expect from an organization, thereby reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and complaints. — ISO 10002 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations provides guidance on the process of handling complaints by recognizing and addressing the needs and expectations of complainants and resolving any complaints received. ISO 10002 provides an open, effective and easy-to-use complaints process, including training of people. It also provides guidance for small businesses. — ISO 10003 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations provides guidance for effective and efficient external dispute resolution for © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 25ISO 9001:2015(E) product-related complaints. Dispute resolution gives an avenue of redress when organizations do not remedy a complaint internally. Most complaints can be resolved successfully within the organization, without adversarial procedures. — ISO 10004 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for monitoring and measuring provides guidelines for actions to enhance customer satisfaction and to determine opportunities for improvement of products, processes and attributes that are valued by customers. Such actions can strengthen customer loyalty and help retain customers. — ISO 10005 Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality plans provides guidance on establishing and using quality plans as a means of relating requirements of the process, product, project or contract, to work methods and practices that support product realization. Benefits of establishing a quality plan are increased confidence that requirements will be met, that processes are in control and the motivation that this can give to those involved. — ISO 10006 Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality management in projects is applicable to projects from the small to large, from simple to complex, from an individual project to being part of a portfolio of projects. ISO 10006 is to be used by personnel managing projects and who need to ensure that their organization is applying the practices contained in the ISO quality management system standards. — ISO 10007 Quality management systems — Guidelines for configuration management is to assist organizations applying configuration management for the technical and administrative direction over the life cycle of a product. Configuration management can be used to meet the product identification and traceability requirements specified in this International Standard. — ISO 10008 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for business-to-consumer electronic commerce transactions gives guidance on how organizations can implement an effective and efficient business-to-consumer electronic commerce transaction (B2C ECT) system, and thereby provide a basis for consumers to have increased confidence in B2C ECTs, enhance the ability of organizations to satisfy consumers and help reduce complaints and disputes. — ISO 10012 Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment provides guidance for the management of measurement processes and metrological confirmation of measuring equipment used to support and demonstrate compliance with metrological requirements. ISO 10012 provides quality management criteria for a measurement management system to ensure metrological requirements are met. — ISO/TR 10013 Guidelines for quality management system documentation provides guidelines for the development and maintenance of the documentation necessary for a quality management system. ISO/TR 10013 can be used to document management systems other than those of the ISO quality management system standards, e.g. environmental management systems and safety management systems. — ISO 10014 Quality management — Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits is addressed to top management. It provides guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits through the application of quality management principles. It facilitates application of management principles and selection of methods and tools that enable the sustainable success of an organization. — ISO 10015 Quality management — Guidelines for training provides guidelines to assist organizations in addressing issues related to training. ISO 10015 can be applied whenever guidance is required to interpret references to “education” and “training” within the ISO quality management system standards. Any reference to “training” includes all types of education and training. — ISO/TR 10017 Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000 explains statistical techniques which follow from the variability that can be observed in the behaviour and results of processes, even under conditions of apparent stability. Statistical techniques allow better use of available data to assist in decision making, and thereby help to continually improve the quality of products and processes to achieve customer satisfaction. 26 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) — ISO 10018 Quality management — Guidelines on people involvement and competence provides guidelines which influence people involvement and competence. A quality management system depends on the involvement of competent people and the way that they are introduced and integrated into the organization. It is critical to determine, develop and evaluate the knowledge, skills, behaviour and work environment required. — ISO 10019 Guidelines for the selection of quality management system consultants and use of their services provides guidance for the selection of quality management system consultants and the use of their services. It gives guidance on the process for evaluating the competence of a quality management system consultant and provides confidence that the organization’s needs and expectations for the consultant’s services will be met. — ISO 19011 Guidelines for auditing management systems provides guidance on the management of an audit programme, on the planning and conducting of an audit of a management system, as well as on the competence and evaluation of an auditor and an audit team. ISO 19011 is intended to apply to auditors, organizations implementing management systems, and organizations needing to conduct audits of management systems. Table B.1 — Relationship between other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems and the clauses of this International Standard Other Interna- Clause in this International Standard tional Standard 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ISO 9000 All All All All All All All ISO 9004 All All All All All All All ISO 10001 8.2.2, 8.5.1 9.1.2 ISO 10002 8.2.1, 9.1.2 10.2.1 ISO 10003 9.1.2 ISO 10004 9.1.2, 9.1.3 ISO 10005 5.3 6.1, 6.2 All All 9.1 10.2 ISO 10006 All All All All All All All ISO 10007 8.5.2 ISO 10008 All All All All All All All ISO 10012 7.1.5 ISO/TR 10013 7.5 ISO 10014 All All All All All All All ISO 10015 7.2 ISO/TR 10017 6.1 7.1.5 9.1 ISO 10018 All All All All All All All ISO 10019 8.4 ISO 19011 9.2 NOTE “All” indicates that all the subclauses in the specific clause of this International Standard are related to the other International Standard. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 27ISO 9001:2015(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 9004, Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach [2] ISO 10001, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations [3] ISO 10002, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations [4] ISO 10003, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations [5] ISO 10004, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for monitoring and measuring [6] ISO 10005, Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality plans [7] ISO 10006, Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality management in projects [8] ISO 10007, Quality management systems — Guidelines for configuration management [9] ISO 10008, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for business-to-consumer electronic commerce transactions [10] ISO 10012, Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment [11] ISO/TR 10013, Guidelines for quality management system documentation [12] ISO 10014, Quality management — Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits [13] ISO 10015, Quality management — Guidelines for training [14] ISO/TR 10017, Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000 [15] ISO 10018, Quality management — Guidelines on people involvement and competence [16] ISO 10019, Guidelines for the selection of quality management system consultants and use of their services [17] ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use [18] ISO 19011, Guidelines for auditing management systems [19] ISO 31000, Risk management — Principles and guidelines [20] ISO 37500, Guidance on outsourcing [21] ISO/IEC 90003, Software engineering — Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 to computer software [22] IEC 60300-1, Dependability management — Part 1: Guidance for management and application [23] IEC 61160, Design review [24] Quality management principles, ISO1) [25] Selection and use of the ISO 9000 family of standards, ISO1) [26] ISO 9001 for Small Businesses — What to do, ISO1) 1) Available from website: http://www.iso.org. 28 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) [27] Integrated use of management system standards, ISO1) [28] www.iso.org/tc176/sc02/public [29] www.iso.org/tc176/ISO9001AuditingPracticesGroup © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 29ISO 9001:2015(E) ICS 03.120.10 Price based on 29 pages © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved tion or distribution is permitted.
14880.pdf	IS 14880:2000 Indian Standard -. — COMMERCIAL ROAD VEHICLES — DRAWBAR COUPLINGS AND EYES FOR RIGID DRAWBARS — STRENGTH TESTS Ics 43.040.70 0 BIS 2000 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Ck[ober 2000 Price Group 2Transport Tractors and Trailers Sectional Committee, TED 22 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Transport Tractors and Trailers Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering Division Council. [norder to achieve harmony with the international practices this Indian Standard isbased on1S0 12357:1999 -- ‘Commercial road vehicles — Drawbar couplings and eyes for rigid drawbars — Strength tests’ published by International Organization for Standardization (1S0). For the purpose of deciding whether aparticular requirement of this standard iscomplied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number ofsignificant placed retained inthe rounded off value should be the same asthat of the specified value inthis standard.IS 14880:2000 Indian Standard COMMERCIAL ROAD VEHICLES — DRAWBAR COUPLINGS AND EYES FOR RIGID DRAWBARS — STRENGTH TESTS 1SCOPE be replaced during the dynamic test. This standard specifies thetestconditions andstrength 3.7 The test loads may beapplied by means ofspecial requirements to be met by drawbar couplings and the slack-free devices. -. ... corresponding drawbar eyesforrigid drawbars, which are provided for use with centre-axle trailers with a 4DETERMINATION OF ‘De’ AND ‘V’VALUES maximum towing mass Cexceeding 3.5 tonnes. 4.1 The ‘De’value isacomparative value determined by calculation of the longitudinal forces occurring 2TERMS AND DEFINITIONS between the towing vehicle and the trailer. It is Foi ‘he purposes of this standard, the following expressed in kilonewtons, and calculated from the dehnitions shall apply. following equation: 2.1 ‘Y Value — Mass imposed vertically on the T.C coupling under static conditions by the centre-axle D, =g— trailer loaded to its may .num design total mass. T+-C 2.2 Centre-Axle Trailer — Towed vehicle equipped where with a towing device which cannot move vertically T isthemaximum design total mass, intonnes, (in relation to the trailer), and in which the axle(s) ofthetowing vehicle, including ‘S’(see2.1), is(are) positioned close tothe centre ofgravity ofthe to which the drawbar coupling is to be vehicle(whenuniformly loaded) suchthatonlyasmall attached; static vertical load, not exceeding 10percent of the C is the mass, in tonnes, transmitted to the loadcorresponding tothemaximum design total mass ground bytheaxleoraxles ofthecentre-axle of the trailer or load of 10 kN (whichever is the smaller), is transmitted to the drawing vehicle. trailer loaded to its maximum design total mass; and 3 GENERAL TEST REQUIREMENTS g isthe acceleration due to gravity: 3.1Thetestshallbecarriedoutwithdrawbar couplings g= 9.81 In/S2 and drawbar eyes having corresponding functional 4.2 The ‘V’value is a comparative value determined dimensions. bycalculation ofthevertical forces occurring between 3.2 The strength tests described in this standard are the towing vehicle and the trailer. It is expressed in static anddynamic teststobeperformed onatestbed. kilonewtons, and calculated from the following equation: 3.3 The fixing arrangements forthedrawbar coupling and the drawbar eye on the test bed shall be the &.C same as for its attachment to the vehicle, and shall V=a. be in accordance with the manufacturer’s fitting L2 instructions. 3.4 Drawbar couplings anddrawbar eyescanbetested a is an equivalent vertical acceleration in the separately or together. coupling point, depending on the type of suspension on the rear axle(s) of the towing 3.5 Preferably, couplings should be tested in the vehicle, including a constant factor: original condition as designed for road use. At the discretion of the manufacturer and inagreement with a = 1.8mhz of vehicles with air suspension the test laboratory, flexible components may be (or systems with equivalent damping neutralized if this is necessary for the test procedure characteristics), and if there isno concern about unrealistic influence a = 2.4 rn/s2for vehicles with other types of on the test result. suspension systems; 3.6 Flexible components which appear to be C is the mass, in tonnes, transmitted to the overstressed duetothisaccelerated testprocedure may ground bytheaxleoraxles ofthecentre-axle 11S14880:2000 trailer loaded to its maximum design total 5DYNAMIC TEST mass; 5.1Thedynamic testloadsgiveninTable 1,simulating x is the length, in metres, of the loading area practical loads under driving conditions, shall be of thetrailer (see Fig. l); and applied to the coupling point. L is the theoretical drawbar length, inmetres, that is,the distance between thecentre ofthe 5.2 The dynamic test force is the geometrical sum of drawbar eye and the centre of the axle the vertical and horizontal component as specified in assembly, (see Fig. 1): Table 1. This can be achieved by the test bed 2 configuration shown in Fig. 2. The vertical and the :21 horizontal components shall have a sinusoidal shape ... ~2 (seeFig.3)andshallbeapplied asynchronously, where iFthis is less than 1,the value 1shall be used. the difference between the;r frequencies shall be / / 1. FIG, 1DIMENSIONSOFCENTRE-AXLETRAILER T ~RTICAL TEST LOAD 1’ FIG.2 EXAMPLEOFTESTBEDCONFIGURATION 2IS 14880:2000 Table 1Dynamic Test Loads number of cycles should be agreed between the (Cfause 5) manufacturer and the test laboratory. Test Load Mean Value Amplitude 5.4 The selected frequency shall not exceed 25 Hz, kN kN and shall not coincide with the natural frequency of Horizontal load, Fh~ o +0.6DC the system. Vertical load, Fv, g. s/l 000 &0.6V 6 STATIC TEST where With drawbar couplings itisalsonecessary totestthe Dc is determined according to 5.1; closure and any locking devices by means of a static v isdetermined according to5.2; and force 0.25DCacting in the direction of opening. s isdefined in3.1. -.— 7STRENGTH CRITERIA between 1percent and 3percent, sothat resulting test The dynamic tests shall not cause permanent forces inall directions are created. deformation fractures or cracks. The static test shall 5.3 For steel materials, the dynamic test shall be not cause the closure to open and it shall not cause carried out for 2 x 10bcycles. For other materials, the any damage. F, kN +006DC ( -t, s -006DC a) HORIZONTAL LOAD F,k N g.s —+0.6v 1000 g.s I000 1%-0+6V b) VERTICAL LOAD FIG.3 DYNAMICTESTLOAD 313urcau of Indian Standards 131S is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of stardardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright B1S has the copyright of all its pub] ications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form \vithout the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of o implelnenting the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS .-— Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodical 1y; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of’ BIS Handbook’ and’ Standards: Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. TED 22 (138), Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected B[JREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS lleadquartcrs: Manak 13havan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha lelcphones: 3230131,3233375,3239402 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak F3havan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617,3233841 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 CALCUTTA 700054 { 3378626, 33791 20 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 6J 3843 { 602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, TVCross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2350216,2350442 {235 15 19.23523 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MlDC, Marol, Andheri (East) $8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 (832 7891,8327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE, FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHAT1. HYDEKABAD. JAIPl_JR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed atSimco Printing Press,Delhi
6922.pdf	IS : 6922 - 1973 ( Reaffirmed 1995 ) Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR SAFETY AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO UNDERGROUND BLASTS ( Second Reprint AUGUST 1997 ) UDC 699.84 : 624.131.551.2 0 Copyrig 1973 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 J14l.y 1973IS:6922-1973 Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR SAFETY AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO UNDERGROUND BLASTS Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 39 Chairman Representing DR JAI KRISHNA University of Roorkee, Roorkee Members DR A. S. ARYA School of Research & Training i.1 Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee SHRI B. S. BHALLA Beas Designs Organization, Nangal SHRI A. S. CHATRATH ( Alternate ) SHRI H. M. CHAUDHARY Directorate General of Observatories, Ministry of Transport and Aviation, New Delhi DR S. M. K. CHETTY Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee SHRI M. P. JAI SINCH ( Alternate ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR, STANDARDS Ministry of Railways ( RDSO ) (B&S) I SHRI D. S. DESAI M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI C. P. GHOSH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SO2 ( DESIGNS) ( Alternate ) DR S. K. GUHA Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi SHRI S. BALASUBRAMANYAM( A lternate ) DR HARI NARAIN National Geo Physical Research Institute ( CSIR ), Hyderabad SHRI HARSH K. GUPTA ( Alternate I ) SHRI K. L. KAILA ( Alternate II ) SHR~M . S. JALUNDKWALA Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat SHRI N. G. VAKHARIA ( Alternate ) SHRI M. G. JOSEPH Central Public Works Department SHRI K. K. MADAN ( Alternate ) SHRI V. S. KRISHNASWAMY Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI G. C. MATHUR National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI K. S. SRINIVASAN( Alternate ) SHRI M. A. MEHTA Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI T. M. MENON ( Alternate ) SHRI G. C. MOMIN Public Works Department, Assam SHRI K. B. GUHATHAKURTA( Alternate ) SHRI B. BALWANT RAO Ministry of Shipping & Transport ( Roads Wing ) SHRI P. K. THOMAS ( Alternate ) ( Co&wed on page 2 ) RURlZAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 19.57) and reproduction in whole or in part by any ‘means except with written permission of the publish&r shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.f$ : 6922- 1973 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing SHRI P. S. SANDHAWALIA International Airport Authority of India, New Delhi SHRI K. N. SINHA Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi DR I. K. SHAH ( Alternate ) DR P. SRINIVASULU StruczozJkeyneering Research Centre ( CSIR ), DR A. N. TANDON In personal capacity (B-7150 Safda$mg Development Area, .New Delhi 16) SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o$cio Member) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretnry &RI-V. SURE~H Assistant Director ( Civ Engg), IS1 Blast Kesistant Design of Structures Subcommittee, BDC 39 : 2 Convener DR A. S. ARYA School of Research & Training in Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee Members DR A. R. CHANDRASEKARAN School of Research & Training in Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, Roorkee DR P. K. DUTTA Central Mining Research Station ( CSIR ), Dhanbad DR T. S. BAJPAYEE( Alternate ) SHRI C. P. GHOSH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters DR S. K. GUHA Central Water & Power Research Station, Poona SHRI N. M. RAMASWAMY Department of Atomic Energy DR V. S. BHAVNAGRI( Alternate ) SHRI K. K. SUD Ministry of Defence, New Delhi MAJ T. N. BALASUBRAMANIAM( A lternate ) SHRI N. S. VENKATESAN Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory, Chandigarh SHRI P. K. MISRA (Alternate ) 2IS : 6922 - 1973 . Indian Standard CRITERIA FOR SAFETY AND%D ESIGN OF STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO UNDERGROUND BLASTS 0. FOR,EWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indiiln Standards Institution on 24 March 1973, after the draft finalized by the Earthquake Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Underground blasting operations have become almost a must for excava- tion purposes. It is of. utmost importance to define the damage criterion in terms of maximum permissible vibrations for the safety ofnearby structures during underground explosions. 0.3 This standard is intended for the safety of normal structures on/in more or less homogeneous medium. It covers the criteria for safety of such struc- tures from cracking and also specifies the effective accelerations for their design in certain cases. In the case of important structures or complex soil and rock conditions, monitoring of vibrations is suggested. 0.4 If the existing structures have cracks and other defects due to various causes before blasting operations are carried out, further damage could occur during blasting. It would, therefore, be desirable to carry out survey of such defects in nearby structures before undertaking blasting operations and fix appropriate telltales across old cracks for monitoring widening of cracks, if any. 0.5 It is assumed that adequate precautions will be taken against flying debris due to the underground blast by installing shielding devices above the blast area. 0.6 This standard is based on the currently accepted principles and practices in this field in this country and in other countries of the world. In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international literature on the subject. 0.6.1 For evaluating the effective charge per delay, while using milli- second detonators, rcfercncc may be made to ‘ LONGEFORS (, S L ) and KIHLSTROM ( R ). Modern techniques of rock blasting, 1963. John Wiley and Sons, New York ’ ( see 4.2.2.2 ). 3IS : 6922 - 1973 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard deals with the safety of structures during underground blasting and is applicable to normal structures like buildings, elevated structures, bridges, retaining walls, concrete and masonry dams constructed in materials like brickwork, stone masonry and concrete. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this code, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Charge - An explosive used in blasting in rock excavations and quarry blasts. Straight dynamite containing nitroglycerin ( 60 percent ), sodium nitrate, wood meal and an antacid is the most common explosive used in blasting and the same is considered in this code. 2.2 Underground Blasting - Detonation of explosive in drill holes and bore holes for rock excavation and quarry blasts. 2.3 Detonator - Device used for exploding the charge. 2.4 Delay Datonator - Devise for exploding charge in two or more volleys with one application of electric current. 2.5 Natural Frequency of Structure ( N ) - Frequency at which the amplitude of vibrations of the structure becomes maximum when forces of different frequencies and of same magnitude are applied. 2.6 Frequency of Ground Motion ( f ) - Predominant frequency in the seismic waves produced due to underground explosion1 2.7 Damping-The effect of internal friction, imperfect elasticity of material, slipping, sliding, etc, in reducing the amplitude of vibrations. It is espressed as a fraction of critical damping. 2.8 Critical Damping - The damping beyond which the motion will not be oscillatory. 2.9 Hard Rocks - Granite, basalt, quartzite, marble, crystalline schists, massive slates and.iither hard massive crystalline rocks. 2.10 Soft Rocks - Shale, sandstone phyllites, laminated slates, mica schist, weathered hard rocks and other soft rock material. 2.11 Threshold Damage-Formation of new plaster cracks, widening of old cracks. 3. GENERAL PRINCIPLES 3.1 Underground explosions cause movement of ground on which the structure is situated which.sets the structure into vibrations, These vibrations 4IS : 6922 - 1933 can be resolved in three mutually perpendicular directions, longitudinal, transverse horizontal and transverse vertical. Usually the transverse hori- zontal component is much smaller than the other two. The longitudinal and transverse vertical components are comparable in magnitude, therefore either of the two could be taken as a measure of the safety criteria. 3.2 The parameters associated with ground particle vibrations are accelera- tion, velocity and displacement and their respective frequencies. It is observed that the peak ground particle velocity in the medium at the site of the structure represents a good general index of damage independent of the frequency. It may, therefore, be adopted for specifying the safety criteria against threshold damage. 3.3‘The ground particle velocity (v) at any point mainly depends on the amount of charge exploded, distance between the shot point and the station of observation and the local geology of the medium. The other less important variables are the explosives used, its coupling state with the surrounding medium and structural peculiarities of the medium, which generally do not figure in velocity charge distance relationship. 3.4 The threshold of human perception of vibrations is far below the thres- hold of damage, whereas the vibrations become intolerable at ground velocities higher than the velocity of threshold damage. Therefore, if the vibrations are kept below threshold of damage, they though perceptible, will not be intolerable to human beings. 3.5 At short range a wave radiates spherically and the amplitude of vibration diminishes approximately inversely as the distance. At long range, the wave splits’into different types travelling at different speeds and variations in medium cause scattering. Geological discontinuities, such as faults may prevent propagation in a particular direction. 3.6 As the range increases, the charge required to cause damage increases and also the duration of vibration increases with the result that the area of damage in the structure would increase. For large charges and long ranges, an earthquake type analysis will be appropriate using response spectra for the ground motion caused by underground blast. 3.7 The response of a structure to the ground vibration, as mentioned in 3.6, is a function of the natural frequency of the structure (N), frequency of ground motion (f), the damping in the material of the structure and dura- tion and the intensity of ground vibration. It may be assumed that resonance is not likely to occur since the explosion causes impulsive ground motion which is complex and irregular in character, changing in frequency and amplitude and lasting for small durations. 4. SAFETY CRITERIA AGAINST THRESHOLD DAMAGE 4.1 Assessment of Ground Particle Velocity-The value of ground 5IS : 6922- 1973 particle velocity may be computed from the following expression: where V = ground particle velocity in mm/s, Ki = constant which may be normally taken as given in the Note, Q = charge per delay in kg, and R = distance from blast point in m. NOTE - Value of Kl - Soils, weathered or soft rock = 880; and hard rock = 1 400. 4.1.1 Safe Ground Particle Velocity (v) 4.1.1.1 For safety of structures from threshold damage, the ground particle velocity (v) as computed from 4.1 shall not exceed the following values: a) Soils, weathered or soft rock 50 mm/s b) Hard rock 70 mm/s 4.1.1.2 Where monitoring of ground particle velocity by means of suitable instruments is adopted as a means of vibration control, the peak ground particle velocity may not exceed the following: a) Soils, weathered or soft rock 70 mm/s b) Hard rock 100 mm/s NOTE L-The safe values of v given in 4.1.1.1 and 4.1 J.2 are lower than those which may be intolerable to human beings. NOTE 2 -These values are appropriate for masonry and will be conservative for concrete of M 150 quality. 4.2 Safe Distance from Blast 4.2.1 For charges up to 100 kg per delay, the safe distance of the structure from the blast point may be obtained from Fig. 1. 4.2.2 If the delay time r 2 R/K the ground motions are governed by the total charge weight in a single delay, where r = delay time in seconds, R = distance from the blast point in m, and C = longitudinal seismic wave velocity of the medium in m/s (see 4.2.2.1 )., NOTE -If the delay time is less than that given in 4.2.2, the designer may look for references. 6IS : 6922 - 1973 )oO 50 20 ” 10 CI d2 5 g 2 g 1 4 o 0.5 0.2 o-1 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 200 500 1000 RANGE R, m FIG. 1 CHARGEP ER DELAY AS A FUNCTIONO F RANGE R FOR SAFETY AGAINSTD AMAGED URINGU NDERGROUNDB LASTING 4.2.2.1 In the absence of actuaYi3ata the values of longitudinal seismic wave velocity may be taken as follows: Type of Medium Velocity C in 117/s Range 0fC Soils 1 000 200 to 1 800 Weathered and soft rocks 2 500 1 800 to 3 200 Hard rock 5 000 3 200 to 7 500 4.2.2.2 When use of millisecond delay detonators is contemplated for reduction of ground motion, the effective charge per delay may be computed as per accepted practice. However, for any combination of frequency and scattering time, the reduction factor may not be taken less than 0.5 ( see0 .6.1). 3. GROUND ACCELERATION FOR DESIGN 5.1 For large charges more than 100 kg/delay, where the safety criteria against threshold damage given in 4 are violated and it is desired to &sign 7IS : 6922 - 1973 structures for seismic effects of the blasts, the following equation may be used for finding the design acceleration ‘in the horizontal direction: d K, Q!““” -=_ R2 g where a = design acceleration in cm/s2; g = acceleration due to gravity in cm/ss; K, = constant ( which may be taken as 4 for soil, weathered and ; soft rock and 6 for hard rock ) Q = charge per delay in kg; and R = distance of structure from blast point in m. 5.1.1 The design acceleration so obtained should be uniformally applied to the structure. 6. MONITORING 6.1 Monitoring of ground vibrations may be necessary for various reasons as follows: a) To determine by pilot tests, the maximum charge Q that may be used in blasting operations to keep. the ground particle velocity at the site of structures within the safe values given in 4.1.1.1 or for determining the accelerations for design; b) To determine by pilot tests the constant El, to be used in 5.1 and longitudinal wave velocity for use in 4.2.2; and c) To control the charge during actual excavation operations by keep- ing the ground particle velocity within the safe values given in 4.111.2. This will particularly be useful for excavations in built up areas. 6.2 For measurement of ground vibrations, three types of instruments could be used, namely, accelerometer, velocity pick up or displacement meter. Of the three, the velocity pick up will be most appropriate for small charges and short ranges and the accelerometer for large charges and long ranges. The frequency response of velocity measurement should be Aat above 10 c/s and in the case of acceleration measurement it should be flat in the range 0 to 100 c/s. 6.2.1 Where a threshold ground velocity is specified, peak velocity sensors could be used which would activate a warning system, either visual in the form of light indication or sound in the form of alarm. 6.3 In case a displacement meter is used, the peak ground particle velocity shall be obtained from the displacement vs time record by measuring the maximumslope of the curve. 6.4 Subsidence of the structure could also be monitored. 8BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402 Fax : 91 11 3234062, 91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239382 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory : Telephone Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 8-77 00 32 Regional Offices: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17 Eastern : l/l 4 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. 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Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 201083 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 LUCKNOW 226001 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 8OOOi3 26 23 05 Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 41 1005 32 36 35 T.C. No. 14/l 421, University P. 0. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17 Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 271085 CALCU-lTA 700072 tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 560002 PrInted at Dee Kay Pnnters. New Delhi, India
1367_2.pdf	IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 .- 1s0 4759-1:2000 m2 ( ?%!7y?m7 f)?m) Indian Standard TECHNICAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS FOR THREADED STEEL FASTENERS PART 2 TOLERANCES FOR FASTENERS — BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS AND NUTS — PRODUCT GRADES A, B AND C (Third Revision ) ICS 21.060.10 @BIS 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 2002 Price Group 14 J ‘\.Bolts, Nuts and Fasteners Accessories Sectional Committee, BP 33 — NATIONAL FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Third Revision) which is identical with ISO 4759-1:2000 ‘Tolerances for fasteners—Part 1:Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Product grades A, B and C’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recomrhendation of the Bolts, Nuts and Fasteners Accessories Sectional Committee and approval of the Basic and Production Engineering Division Council. This standard was originally published in 1961 and subsequently revised in 1967 and 1979. The last revision was based on ISO 4759/1-1978. This revision of the standard has been taken up to align it with ISO 4759-1:2000 by adoption under dual numbering system. The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard without deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is drawn especially to the following: a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘Indian Standard’. b) Comma (,) has been used as adecimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker. Inthis adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated: Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of International Standard Equivalence ISO 225:1983 IS 8536:1987 Fasteners—Bolts, screws, studs and Identical nuts—Symbols and designation of dimensions (first revision) ISO 286-1:1988 IS 919(Part 1):1993 ISO systems of limits and fits: do Part 1Basis of tolerances, deviations and fits (second revision) ISO 286-2:1988 IS 919(Part 2):1993 ISO systems of limits and fits: do Part 2 Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts (second revision) ISO 885:2000 IS 4172:1987 Dimensions for radii under the head of Identically . bolts and screws (first revision) ISO 965-3:1998 IS 14962(Part 3):2001 ISO General purpose metric do screw threads —Tolerances : Part 3 Deviations for . constructional screw threads 1s0 1101:2000 IS 8000( Partl ):1985 Geometrical tolerancing on Identicalz) technical drawings: Part 1 Tolerances for form orientation, location and run-out and appropriate geometrical definitions (first revision) “1 (Continued on third coved 1)~dentic~l~i~ ISO885:1978. ‘4 ldenti~~l ~~ ISO 1101:1983IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Contents Page 1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................2 3 Tolerances for metric bolts, screws and studs ..........................................................................................3 4 Tolerances for metric nuts ..........................................................................................................................25 5 Tolerances for tapping screws ...................................................................................................................36 Annex A (informative) Tolerances ...........................................................................................................................44 Annex B (informative) Examples of dimensioned and tolerance fasteners ......................................................46 Annex C (informative) Examples of gauges and other measuring devices ........................................................49IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Indian Standard TECHNICAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS FOR THREADED STEEL FASTENERS PART 2 TOLERANCES FOR FASTENERS — BOLTS, SCREWS, STUDS AND NUTS — PRODUCT GRADES A, B AND C ( Third Revision) 1 Scope This part of ISO 4759 specifies a selection of tolerances for bolts, screws, studs and nuts with ISO metric threads and with product grades A, Band Cand for tapping screws with product grade A. NOTE The product grades refer to the size of the tolerances where grade A isthe most precise and grade C isthe least precise. The tolerances, except tolerances for threads, are selected from the system of limits and fits specified in ISO 286-1 and ISO 286-2. The tolerances for metric threads are taken from the series of tolerance classes specified in ISO 965-3. The tolerances for tapping screw threads are covered in ISO 1478. The tolerances of form and position are specified and indicated in accordance with ISO 1101, ISO 8015 and ISO 2692. The tolerances specified in this part of ISO 4759 apply to fasteners prior to coating unless otherwise specified. See also ISO 4042. Deviations from the tolerances specified in this part of ISO 4759 are only permitted in product standards where there are valid technical reasons. In cases where there is a difference between the tolerance requirements in this part of ISO 4759 and the product standard, the product standard takes precedence. Itis recommended that these tolerances also be used for non-standard fasteners. Dimensions and tolerances given in this part of ISO 4759 are in millimetres.-. IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 4759. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO4759 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 225:1983, Fasteners — Bolts, screws, studs and nuts — Symbols and designation ofdimensions. ISO 286-1:1988, /S0 system of limits and fits — Part 1:Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits. ISO 286-2:1988, /S0 system of limits and fits — Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts. ISO 885:2000, General purpose bolts and screws — Metric series — Radii under the head. ISO 965-3:1998, ISO general purpose metric screw threads — Tolerances — Part 3: Deviations for constructional screw threads. ISO 1101:2000, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Geometrical tolerancing — Tolerances of form, orientation, location and run-out. ISO 1478:1999, Tapping screws thread. ISO 1479:1983, Hexagon head tapping screws. ISO 2692:1988, Technical drawings — Geometrical tolerancing — Maximum material principle. ISO 4032:1999, Hexagon nuts, style 1— Product grades A and B. ISO 4042:1999, Fasteners — Electroplated coatings. ISO 4757:1983, Cross recesses for screws. ISO 7053:1992, Hexagon washer head tapping screws. ISO 7721:1983, Countersunk head screws — Head configuration and gauging. ISO 8015:1985, Technical drawings — Fundamental tolerancing principle. ISO 10509:1992, Hexagon flange head tapping screws. ISO 10642:1997, Hexagon socket countersunk head screws. ISO 10664:1999, Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws. \ 2IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 3 Tolerances for metric bolts, screws and studs 3.1 Dimensional tolerances Symbols and designations of dimensions are specified in ISO 225. Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c .1.1 Tolerance level ;hank and bearing surface close close wide )ther features close wide wide 1.1.2 External thread 6g 6g 8g For certain products and (but 6g for coatings, other property tolerance classes class 8.8 for threads may and hi9W be specified in th( relevant product and coating standards. 1,1.3 Driving features s Tolerance s Tolerance 1.1.3.1 External <30 h13 < 18 h14 1.1.3.1.1 Width across flats >30 h14 >18 <60 h15 >60< 180 h16 >180 h17 —— ——— I s Q Figure 1 -4- S B Figure 2 3.— IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 3.1.3.1.2 Width across corners e~in= 1,13 S~i” emin= 1,12 ~minfor bolts and screws with flange —— w and other cold forged heads without trimming -t- operation a Figure 3 t?~in= 1,3 $~i” “+- t Q Figure 4 3.1.3.1.3 Height of head R= @ F ‘s’4 ‘s’5 “ ‘“’F Figure 5 \, \IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 5IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 —— 1s0 4759-1 :2000 6IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 3.1.3.2.3 Depth of hexagon sockets The depth of hexagon — — For the time bein! and slots sockets and slots is generally specified in product applicable w w standards only as a tolerances cannoi t t minimum. Itis be specified. restricted by the minimum wall thickness W. :+, ~4j) – — — –1 %% w t ;$ 13ii Figure 11 3.1.3.2.4 Cross recesses See ISO 4757 for all dimensions except pen- etration depths. For penetration depths see appropriate product standard. 3.1.3.2.5 Hexalobular recesses See ISO 10664 for all dimensions except pen- etration depths. For penetration depths see appropriate product standard. 3.1.4 Other features 3.1.4.1 Head diameter ‘II@ ‘! “3a - - ‘;’;’;::ds Figure 12 Combined control of diameter and x ;– height for counter- \ sunk head screws D in accordance with ISO 7721 or ISO 10642. :3, m“ 3’ – ‘& RI h14 — . Figure 13 7IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c .1.4.2 Head height ?xcept for hexagon heads) y+ p GM5:h,3 F& ‘M5:h14 - - Figure 14 For countersunk head screws k is definied in Combined control product standards only as a maximum. of diameter and height for counter- :– sunk head screws \ in accordance with ISO 7721 or k P ISO 10642. Figure 15 1.1.4.3 Bearing face diameter and d~~i” = S~in – IT16 for width across flats <21 mm For product leight of washer-faced portion grade C a d~~in = 0,95 Sminfor width across flats >21 mm washer face is x not mandatory. d w max= sactual c Thread min. max. diameter @ >1,6 to 2,5 0,10 0,25 c >2,5 to 4 0,15 0,40 >4t06 0,15 0,50 >6to14 0,15 0,60 >14t036 0,20 0,80 0,1 ~’ >36 0,30 1,0 n ’ a x a Reference datum fordw Figure 16 8IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 -. Tolerance for product grades .. . t-eawre Notes A B c x — —— @ E0,l1 dwis defined in product standards only as a minimum. a m3 e x Reference datum fordw Figure 17 Thread dw For product grade x diameter A only =/, > < min. —1+—— b’ -4/ m> –2 2,5 dkmin–0,14 m y7 - a 2,5 5 dkmin– 0,25 0,1 El 5 10 dk~in – 0,4 x 10 16 dk~in – 0,5 16 24 dk~in – 0,8 Reference datum fordW 24 36 dk~in – 1 Figure 18 36 — dk~in – 1,2 dafor undercut products, see the appropriate -cm dafor products without undercut is specified product standard. in ISO 885. D Figure 19 9IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance fo woduct grades Feature Notes A B c 3.1.4.4 Length [< 150js17 js15 js17 l>150ilT17 [ =3=1 Figure 20 ‘( 10 \ -,.. ‘,.IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 1.1.4.5 Thread length P isthe pitch of thread. Bolt 1~is the minimum length of the un- threaded (plain) shank, ~.2P ~ +2P ~ .2P /g is the maximum o 0 0 length of the un- threadecf shank (thread run-out in- cluded) and is therefore the minimum Tie rod clamping length. R ‘;’P ‘;’ b: ;Z: are not specified Stud in the product standard. M ::, :7 ::, ‘m;;Tt&ta’ Figure 21 3.1.4,6 Shank diameter The tolerance is not applicable in r“ — - —.— the areas of the h13 h14 IT15 underhead fillet L and thread run-out. —— –&. _— _— _ ;g=; Reduced shank diameter =pitch diameter ~ Figure 22 11IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 3.2 Geometrical tolerances In accordance with ISO 1101 and ISO 2692 the tolerances specified in Figures 23 to 57 do not necessarily imply the use of any particular method of production, measurement or gauging. When the pitch diameter axis is specified as the datum and the coaxiality deviation of the major diameter axis relative to the pitch diameter axis is negligible, e.g. normally with rolled threads, the major diameter axis may be taken as the datum. According to ISO 1101 when the datum is the thread axis the letters MD indicate that the datum reference is the major diameter axis. The maximum material principle in accordance with ISO 2692 is used. Tolerance tfor product grades Feature Notes A B c 1.2.1 Driving feature ).2.1 .1 Tolerances of form 1.2.1.1.1 External 6xB \ ~\/~ - ~ //i/ a Ho OM q 3 x simultaneously. Figure 23 4 xpFJ -4-- “ + o@a 43 1 2 x simultaneously. Figure 24 I 12.- 1S 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance , Feature based on Notes A B c dimensions ).2.1.1.2 Internal Cl 6 X 120” ~ 3 xsimultaneously. —— Figure 25 ).2.1.2 Tolerances of position F rktldA@l d 1 n A MDb 0,5d max. 2 lT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 s k+ c1 6 X 120” I 0,5d max. The datum Ashall be as close tothe head as possible butwithin 0,5ddistance ofthe head and shall be either wholly plain orwholly threaded butshall notinclude the thread run-out orunderhead fillet. MD means that tolerance applies inrelation tothe axis ofthe cylinder derived from the major thread diameter. 3 x simultaneously, Figure 26 rEmm 2 IT13 2 IT14 — s b 6 X 120° ,b, c See Figure 26. Figure 27 13.— .. IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades ‘olerance t Feature based on Notes A B c imensions c 2 {Tl 3 — — d I c1 6 X 120° b, C See Figure 26 Figure 28 — I wc A1 MDb I A --l W -o-—— 2 IT13 — — d –-l t- da cl 6 X 120” ,b, c See Figure 26. Figure 29 \/ — ‘\ — 2IT13 — — d /\ @ 6 Xm ),b,C See Figure 26. FVaure 30 ‘1 14IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance Feature based on Notes A B c dimension I ~ A MDb 2 IT12 — d L--- ‘,c See Figure 26. Figure 31 2 IT12 2 IT13 2 IT14 d t- -i , b See Figure 26 Figure 32 I P A MDb .f+12P 2 IT12 2 IT13 2 IT14 d l-=- ,b See Figure 26. Figure 33 14Y Dw A MDb /:” — m–—— 2 IT12 2 IT13 2 IT14 d \ c da ,b See Figure 26. Figure 34 15IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 ~ Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c ~imensions 2 IT12 — — d See Figure 26. Figure 35 2 IT13 — — d !b See Figure 26. For referee purposes coaxiality ofcross recess shall be assessed bymeans ofa penetration gauge point inaccordance with ISO 4757. Figure 36 u A MDb 2 IT13 — — d I,b See Figure 26. See Figure 36. Figure 37 16IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance Feature based on Notes A B c dimension: 3.2.2 Other features 3.2.2.1 Tolerances of position md run-out 2 IT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 dk ~,b See Figure 26. Figure 38 I 9 A MDb 2 IT13 2 IT14 . dc m–—— da E?? 1 ~,b See Figure 26. Figure 39 ? EDa31 A PDC 2 IT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 d IJ u d m- PD means that the tolerance applies inrelation tothe axis derived from the pitchdiameter. Figure 40 “1 17 \IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c dimensions ~ Fo~set screws. m For all other products, .A. lT13d ———— b – — — — d 21T13e d =“ See Figure 40, Figure 41 m e A PO( ~1 IT13 — — d M d See Figure 40. Figure 42 w ~ A PDC IT13 — — d d % See Figure 40. Figure 43 ‘,%IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 See Figure 40. The gauge datum feature Ashall beasclose tothe respective part ofthe shank as possible butshall avoid the thread run-out. Figure 45 iT13 IT14 — d See Figure 40. The gauge datum features Aand Bshall be as close tothe respective part ofthe shank as possible butshall avoid the thread run-out. Figure 46 I “1 19IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c dimensions 1.2.2.2 Tolerances )f straightness — @t@d :s o Q MDb <8 t= 0,0021 + 0,05 0- 0 ++ ~ln >8 t= 0,00251 + 0,05 .—. F ON 00 0- 0- — —— b —— :CJ II N .—. — * II .. ~; 1 VI ~ T=!!!!! -Q-Q See Figure 26. Figure 47 = “ -G g o- =- o l + .—. — <8 t= 0,0021+ 0,05 ‘R 3 0’34 .— m ——–-—— >8 t=0,00251 + 0,05 0 00 - 0- ~g —.— .—. ,, N II I w: ,& w : x= See Figure 26. Figure 48 1= :8 f= 0,002/ + 0,05 MDb >8 t=0,00251+ 0,05 .—. — .—. — . — —m — ———— b –- —.—. — .—. — .—. i I!&s!3 ) See Figure 26. Figure 49 ‘“,IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 Iso 4759-1 :2000 21 .\\IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance t Feature A B +Z/qtli] u A MDb 131 EEA. pp 0,08 r 3,5 b’ — -c—— 0,3 4 5 da 0,15 6 b See Figure 26. 7 Up to0,8 dkdiameter only. 0,17 0,34 8 Figure 53 I 0,21 0,42 10 .See Figures 51 I 0,25 0,50 12 and 52 c l=0,29= 0,58 14 0,34 0,68 16 Incaseofflange bolts, tolerances 0,38 0,76 18 apply totype F and type U. 0,42 0,84 20 0,46 0,50 1,00 I 24 I 0,57 ++ E E0,63 1,26 I 30 I b See Figure 26. a 0,69 1,38 I 33 I Line ofhighest points onany radial line. 0,76 1,52 36 Figure 54 0,82 1,64 39 I 0,44 0,88 42 I 0,47 0,94 45 I 0,50 1 48 , I 0,55 1,1 52 22 .. i.IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades rolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c Dimensions c F flt A u A MDb Basis for rsee For rsee Figures 51 to 54 Figures 51 to 54 b See Figure 26. See Figure 51. Figure 55 For dog points only, not for pilo points ,b See Figure 26. Upto00,8dP only Figure 56 23IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades Tolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c flimensions 3.2.2.4 Permissible deviation ‘rem the form of bearing face &x -b ——— 0,005 d d x radial lines between damaxand & min. I According to product standard. Figure 57IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 4 Tolerances for metric nuts 4.1 Dimensional tolerances NOTE Symbols and designations ofdimensions are specified inISO 225. 25IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 1.1.3 Driving features I.1.3.1 Width across flats J_ Toler- s s Tolerance ante ‘/ o < 30 h13 < 18 h14 s >30 h14 >18 <60 h15 Q >60 <180 h16 Figure 59 >180 h17 +- o See figure 59 See figure 59 s Q. Figure 60 1.1.3.2 Width across corners +. e~ifl = 1,13 ~~ifl @ Figure 61 + o e~ln = 1,3 .S~in t D Figure 62 ‘1IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 ~ Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 1.1.4Other features L1.4.1 Height of nuts REB d<12mm:h14 For slotted nuts 12mmcd<18mm:h15 h17 and castle nuts see 4.1.5.1 d>18mm:h16 m 8 Figure 63 ‘revailing torque type nuts (with non- _netallicinsert) h I!!I!l Prevailing torque type all metal hexagon Tolerance of h,see product nuts standards T h E Figure 64 27 .. i.IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 ~lwamin=(),fj ,nmi” 28 \\IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes A B c 4.1.4.3 Bearing face diameter ~Wmin=~min- IT16for width across flats <21 mm and height of washer-faced portion 1w’ Min=0,95 ~minfor width across flats >21 mm iwmax= ‘actual ED Thread c m3 diameter min. max. a 1,6 to 2,5 0,10 0,25 >2,5 to 4 0,15 0,40 >4t06 0,15 0,50 >6to14 0,15 0,60 Bx >14t036 0,2 0,8 — >36 0,3 1,0 Requirements apply to both sides of symmetrical parts. Reference datum fordw Figure 67 {Wmin for hexagon nuts with flange in accordance vith product standards ;-’ f x Figure 68 i 29IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance for product grades Feature Notes .A B c d<5m_m:damM=l,15d Requirements apply to both lx 5mm<d<8 mm: sides of —. symmetrical mm da~ax = d + 0,75 parts. m d >8 mm: damaX= l,08d for all sizes: da~in= d lx . B“ m (x — mm @ = 90° to 120° Figure 69 L1.5 Special products L1.5.1 Castle nuts, slotted nuts w A d. h14 h15 h16 m h14 h15 h17 mW n H14 H14 H15 m w h14 h15 h17 w m ~ see row-values for hexagon nuts style 1 (see ISO 4032) c—— mW m 9 Figure 70IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 4.2 Geometrical tolerances In accordance with ISO 1101 and ISO 2692 the tolerances specified in Figures 71 to 83 do not necessarily imply the use of any particular method of production, measurement or gauging. Where the nut thread is used as the datum the pitch diameter shall be the reference diameter. The maximum material principle in accordance with ISO 2692 is used. Tolerance tfor product grades Feature Notes A B c .2.1 Driving features ,.2.1.1 Tolerances of form + + I00’1 I I 3 xsimultaneously. Figure 71 +\ Ooj ~ 2 xsimultaneously. Flgtwe 72 31IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance tfor product grades ‘olerance t Feature based on Notes A B c imensions 2.1.2 Tolerances of position 2 IT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 s a 6 K 120” 3 xsimultaneously. Figure 73 p!EE31Ei!d 2 IT13 2 IT14 — s 5 6 X 120” 3 xsimultaneously. Figure 74 I — k’@ -1- IA -sJ 2 IT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 s rl & x 90” 2 x simultaneously. Figure 75 32IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance rfor product grades Tolerance t Feature based on Notes A B c dimensions 4.2.2 Other features 4.2.2.1 Tolerances of position ~I$t~A~ A 2 IT14 2 IT15 — dc m“ m ——— E Figure 76 3x ~t~A~ A 2 IT13 2 IT14 2 IT15 d c m @ Figure 77 ~f3t~A~ F A 2 [T13 2 IT14 — dk —— b’—= B Figure 78 ‘1 33IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance rfor product grades Tolerance r based on Feature dimension Notes A B c d L2.2.2 Tolerance of total run-out 1,6 For 0,04 symmetrical 2 parts the &Aa 2,5 perpendicularity A — requirement 3 shall apply for 0,08 both faces. 3,5 m w 4 ——— & ~~ 0,15 0,3 5 6 ~ Upto 0,8s diameter only. 7 Figure 79 0,17 0,34 8 0,21 0,42 10 0,25 0,50 12 flt Aa A 0,29 0,58 14 . — 0,34 0,68 16 m W 0,38 0,76 18 — — 0,42 0,84 20 w 0,46 0,92 22 a Up to 0 0,8s only. 0,50 1 24 Figure 80 0,57 1,14 27 0,63 1,26 30 &t Aa 0,69 1,38 33 A 0,76 1,52 36 0,82 1,64 39 m —— b’ ——— 0,44 0,88 42 w 0,47 0,94 45 a Up tO 0 o,8dk Only. 0,50 1 48 Figure 81 0,55 1,1 52 34IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Tolerance rfor product grades Feature Notes A B c ~Hz7q A > t. For rsee values for Figures 79, 80 and 81. ! M i Line ofhighest points onany radial line. Figure 82 4.2.2.3 Permissible deviation from the shape of bearing face x -ci [ g’ o,oo5Li’ vb . ~ ,/-+=+] L\—---——— ,,1 d ‘T b> b“~ x 3 Radial lines between damaxand cIWmin. J According toproduct standard. Figure 83 \IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 5 Tolerances for tapping screws 5.1 Dimensional tolerances — Product grade A Symbols and designations ofdimensions are specified inISO 225. FeatIIre Tolerance Notes h13 e~in = 1,12 .Y~in 36 \ ... ‘.IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 37IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 h14 38IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Feature Tolerance Notes S.1.3.3 Length Types C and R 1 I Tolerance -s--Lu_ t- ‘–”--”-”–- “---”--” “--”--‘-”””““”””------ Type C Type F I Tolerance 3 <19 0 -0,8 >19 <38 0 -1,3 >38 0 Type R Type F -1,5 Figure 93IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 5.2 Geometrical tolerances — Product grade A In accordance with ISO 1101 and ISO 2692 the tolerances of form and position indicated in Figures 94 to 104 do not necessarily imply the use ofany particular method ofproduction, measurerr,ent or gauging. Where a tapping screw thread is indicated either as the datum or as the tolerance feature the axis shall be determined from the major diameter of the thread. The maximum material principle in accordance with ISO 2692 is used. The datum Ashall be asclosetothe head as possible butwithin 1P distance of the head. Itshall not include the thread run-out or underhead fillet. MD means that tolerance applies inrelation tothe axis ofthe cylinder derived from the major thread diameter according t( 1s01101. 3 xsimultaneously. Figure 95 40IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Feature Tolerance f roierance tbasec Notes on dimension q Ml)’ c 2 IT12 d l-=-l ~,b See Figure 95. Figure 96 c 2 IT12 d 1---- L.b See Figure 95. Figure 97 ...—._.v —— &-Q 1 n A MDb 2 IT12 d u Ld-a1 ,b See Figure 95. Figure 98 I 41IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 I 1 sb See Figure 95. I For referee purposes assessment ofco-axiality ofcross recess features shall be by means ofa perpetrationgauge point in I accordance with LSO4757. 6 d I I fik ‘.IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 rolerance tbasec Feature Tolerance t Notes on dimension 5.2.2.2 Total run-out Tolerance t :alculated as w ‘Ollows: ‘=l,2dxt_an2° d w l-=- I,b See Figure 95, Up to 0,8.r diameter only. Figure 102 d t ST2,2 0,08 ST2,9 0,16 ST3,5 0,16 ST4,2 0,16 ST4,8 0,3 ST5,5 0,3 ST6,3 0,3 d ST8 0,34 ST9,5 0,42 I,b See Figure 95. upto0,8 dkdiameter only. Figure 103 5.2.2.3 Straightness t= 0,003/+ 0,05 . for /< 20d See Figure 95. Figure 104 43IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Annex A (informative) Tolerances Numerical values of IT tolerance grades are given in Table A.1 and the limit deviations for shafts and for holes are given in Tables A.2 and A.3 respectively. These tolerances are taken from ISO 286-1 and ISO 286-2. Table A.1 — Numerical values of standard tolerance grades IT for basic sizes up to 500 mm Nominal dimension Standard tolerance grades > < IT12 I IT13 IT14 IT15 IT16 IT17 Tolerances 3 0,1 0,14 0,25 0,4 0,6 1 3 6 0,12 0,18 0,3 0,48 0,75 1,2 6 10 0,15 0,22 0,36 0,58 0,9 1,5 10 18 0,18 0,27 0,43 0,7 1,1 1,8 18 30 0,21 0,33 0,52 0,84 1,3 2,1 30 50 0,25 0,39 0,62 1 1,6 2,5 50 80 0,3 0,46 0,74 1,2 1,9 3 80 120 0,35 0,54 0,87 1,4 2,2 3,5 120 180 0,4 0,63 1 1,6 2,5 4 180 250 0,46 0,72 1,15 1,85 2,9 4,6 250 315 0,52 0,81 1,3 2,1 3,2 5,2 315 400 0,57 0,89 1,4 2,3 3,6 5,7 400 500 0,63 0,97 1,55 2,5 4 6,3 Table A.2 — Limit deviations for shafts I Nominal dimension ! Limit deviations I > < h13 h14 h15 h16 h17 js14 jsl 5 js16 js17 3 0 0 0 0 0 t0,125 * 13,2 ~0,3 ? 0,5 –0,14 – 0,25 -0,4 -0,6 -1 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 to,15 f 0,24 f (),375 * 0,6 –0,18 – 0,3 – 0,48 -0,75 -1,2 6 10 0 0 0 0 0 ~o,18 * 0,29 * 0,45 * (),75 – 0,22 – 0,36 – 0,58 -0,9 -1,5 10 18 0 0 0 0 0 * 0,215 * (),35 f 0,55 &0,9 -0,27 -0,43 -0,7 -1,1 -1,8 18 30 0 0 0 0 0 ~o,26 k 0,42 t 0,65 f 1,05 -0,33 – 0,52 – 0,84 -1,3 -2,1 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 i 0,31 f 0,5 k 0,8 ? 1,25 -0,39 – 0,62 -1 -1,6 -2,5 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 * (3;37 ~o,6 t 0,95 fl,5 -0,46 -0,74 -1,2 -1,9 – 3,0 80 120 0 0 0 0 0 * 0,435 f 0,7 ~1,1 * 1,75 -0,54 – 0,87 -1,4 -2,2 -3,5 120 180 0 0 0 0 0 * r3,5 f o,8 k 1,25 fz -0,63 -1 -1,6 -2,5 -4 180 250 0 0 0 0 0 t 0,575 ~o,925 t 1,45 * 2,3 -0,72 -1,15 – 1,85 -2,9 -4,6 250 315 0 0 0 0 0 ~o,65 i 1,05 tl,6 ~2,6 – 0,81 -1,3 -2,1 -3,2 -5,2 315 400 0 0 0 0 0 i 0,7 +1,15 1,8 k 2,85 -0,89 -174 -2,3 -3,6 -5,7 400 500 –090 7 –10 !=+, -C0 IK 0 ,4 –c0 cl 0,775 * 1,25 2 3,15 44 \ ‘\\IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Table A.3 — Limit deviations for holes Nominal dimension Limitdeviations > < C13 C14 D9 D1O Dll D12 EF8 11 E12 H14 H15 JS9 K9 3 ++ 00, .2 06 ++ 00 ,0,3 61 1+ 00 ,0,0 245 ++ 00 ,, 00 26 ++ 00 ,, 00 28 ++0 0,1 ,02 2 ++ 00 ,, 00 124 ++ 00 ,, 00 17 44 ++0 0,1 ,01 14 4 0+0,25 + 00,4 io,olz 5 -00 ,025 3 6 + +00 ,, 02 75 ++ 00 ,, 03 77 ++0 0, ,0 06 3 + +0 0,, 00 378 + +0 0,1 ,00 35 + +0 0,1 ,05 3 + +0 0, ,0 03 12 4 + +0 0,, 00 295 ++0 0,1 ,04 2 + 00,3 + 00,48 to,o15 -0,0 03 6 10 +0,13 +0,19 +0,04 +0,115 +0,175 +0,36 +0,58 o +0,04 +0,04 +0,018 +0,025 +0,025 0 0 f0,018 -0,036 10 18 +0,23 +0,142 +0,212 +0,43 +0,7 +0,05 +0,032 +0,032 0 0 18 30 +0,275 +0,52 +0,84 +0,065 0 0 30 50 +0,33 +0,62 +1 +0,08 0 0 50 60 +0,4 +0,74 + 1,2 +0,1 o 0 80 120 +0,47 +0,87 +1,4 +0,12 o 0 120 180 +1 +1,6 o 0 180 250 +1,15 + 1,85 0 0 250 315 +1,3 +2,1 o 0 315 400 +1,4 +2,3 0 0 400 500 + 1,55 +2,5 0 0 ‘1 45IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Annex B (informative) Examples of dimensioned and tolerance fasteners Fig, 25 I Fig. 42 bxm /4 / t- m -G -+-Q 1 s +p o@jb F =ml ,&tc- Fig. 25 @ !iEimEIb Fig, 52 1- Fig. 28 a Up to 0,8 dkdiameter only. b 3 x simultaneously. Figure B.1 — Hexagon socket head cap screw with shank and cone point 46IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 F —@t@ Fig, 39 Fig, 48 1 I m 6xM Fig. 54 I M 0,75° 20,5” 7 \ Fig, 27 / — I x a Line of highest points on any radial line. b Radial lines between ‘[a~axand ~Iw~in, c 3xsimultaneously. Figure B.2 — Hexagon head bolt with flange and pilot point I “ 47IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Fig. 76 —-—— . a l— ——- !J ~+yit Fig. 82 0,75° to,75° + & b ‘, ~~~:~~ Fig. 83 /_ 4 ‘1~~ ‘=” m’ 7 x a Line of highest points onanyradial line. b Radial lines between d amax and (IWmm. c 3 x simultaneously. Figure B.3 — Hexagon nut with flange ‘1IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 Annex C (informative) Examples of gauges and other measuring devices r C.1 Application This annex gives examples of gauges and other measuring devices which can verify whether the tolerances specified in this part of ISO 4759 are satisfied. The thread of gauges and measuring devices shall be within the limits for GO gauges. Guides shall have such an accuracy that errors due to the guides during inspection are negligible compared to the workpiece tolerance t (e.g. less than 10 0/~of r). Ifthe datum is not associated with the maximum material requirements, indicated by ~, the following applies: when the datum is an external thread, the major diameter axis (MD) or the pitch diameter axis (PD) is the datum as specified in this part of ISO 4759. When the datum is the major diameter, the part may be fixed in a 3jaw chuck; when the datum is an internal thread, in the examples of this annex the nut is tightened against a conical spring washer. Another possibility isto use a tapered threaded mandrel for this purpose; when the datum is a plain shaft or a tapping screw thread it may be fixed in a 3 jaw chuck regardless of the feature size; C.2 Gauges and other measuring devices NOTE All gauges given in this annex are GO gauges. Diameter dg, if existant, should be chosen by the gauge manufacturer. The gauges and measuring devices given in this annex are intended for the verification of geometrical tolerances specified in 3.2, 4.2 and 5.2. Each gauge and measuring device is allocated to one or more figures in the main body of this part of ISO 4759 in order to make clear which tolerance is verified by which gauge or measuring device. 6 a Maximum material size. Figure C.1 — Gauge for verifying form tolerance specified in Figures 23,71 and 94 49—- IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 mW 6 X@120° a Maximum material size. Figure C.2 — Gauge for verifying form tolerance specified in figure 25 A I a Maximum material size, Figure C.3 — Gauge for verifying form tolerance specified in Figures 24 and 72 L--l d a Maximum material size +~ b The GO gauge is aplain hole of maximum material size. Figure C.4 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 26,27 and 95 50IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 d ‘E a Maximum material size – [ b The GO gauge is a plain hole of maximum material size. c Minimum socket depth. Figure C.5 — gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 28,29,30 and 31 La ; . t-- I —0 -4 d 3d L!--U a L >s(see Figures 32 and 98); 1.> dk(see Figures 33, 34, 96 and 97); L >d (see Figure 35), b Maximum material size – /. c The GO gauge is a plain hole of maximum material size. d Minimum slot depth, Figure C.6 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 32,33,34,35,96,97 and 98 * 51— IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 t-x-b+, I / I//”/.’ii L“’.///’l//’’/’/////A ~“;’”;’ / ,,’ / , Key 1 Gauge pin in accordance with ISO 4757 NOTE This gauge does not check the size of the recess, e.g. an oversized cross recess is not recognized. a The GO gauge isa plain hole of maximum material size. b ~is a function of length of gauge pin and the required penetration of the recess c First contact. d Contact shall be achieved. Figure C.7 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 36, 37, 99 and 100 !–– ; l–d– J d a The GO gauge is aplain hole of maximum material size. b Maximum material size +I. Figure C.8 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 38,39 and 101 .,, 52IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 —— -Q @ a Maximum material size - I Figure C.9 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figure 40 I--& Figure C.1O — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figure 41 21 Key 1 Gauge conical spring washer 2 Gauge counter nut Figure C.11 — Measuring device for verifying run-out speqified in Figures 42 and 43 53IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 1 Key 1 Three jaw chuck Figure C.12 — Measuring device for verifying total run-out specified in Figure 56 a 1depends onthe distance between the datum feature and the end ofthe tolerance feature. b Maximum material size +t, Figure C.13 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 44,45 and 46 54IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 t ‘ E/“ , ‘T 1 TI I I, I I d I L-–-—=–—— Key 1 Three jaw chuck Figure C.14 — measuring device for verifying perpendicularity (total run-out) specified in Figures 51, 52, 53, 55, 102 and 103 21 Key 1 Three jaw chuck 2 Straight edge anvil Figure C.15 — Measuring device for verifying perpendicularity (total run-out) specified in Figure 54 55IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 LI I Key 1 Three jaw chuck Figure C.16 — Measuring device for verifying permissible deviation from the form of bearing face specified in Figure 57 -w a Maximum material size +I. Figure C.17 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 73 and 74 a Max. mat. size + r, Figure C.18 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figure 75 56IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 a Max. mat. size + ~. Figure C.19 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figures 76 and 78 a Max. mat. size. b Max. mat. size - [, Figure C.20 — Gauge for verifying position tolerance specified in Figure 77 12 1 1 J I L 1 Key 1 Gauge conical spring washer 2 Fastener Figure C.21 — measuring device for verifying perpendicularity (total run-out) specified in Figures 79, 80 and 81 57IS 1367 (Part 2) :2002 1s0 4759-1 :2000 1 2 / i 1 -1-. — — Key 1 Gauge conical spring washer 2 Straight edge anwl Figure C.22 — Measuring device for verifying perpendicularity (total run-out) specified in Figure 82 1 L L- — Key 1 Gauge conical spring washer Figure C.23 — Measuring device for verifying permissible deviation from the form of bearing face specified in Figure 83 m ..,/’/.,/,,,..,,,,., . - ..,, ”-- r J m a ,.,,/ ‘/, /’ “./ ,/’/ .,/’ ‘- [ y—-. ~ a Maximum material size +I. “1 Figure C.24 — Gauge for verifying straightness specified in Figures 47, 48, 49, 50 and 104 58(Continued from second cover) International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence ISO 1478:1999 IS5957:2002 Screw threads for thread forming tapping Identical screw — Dimensions (second revision) ISO 2692:1988 IS 8000(Part 2):1992 Technical drawings— do Geometrical tolerances: Part 2 Maximum material principles (firs! revision) ISO 4032: 999 IS 1364(Part 3):2002 Hexagon head bolts, screws and do nuts of product grades A and B: Part 3 Hexagon nuts size range Ml.6 to M64 (fourth revision) ISO 4042: 999 IS 1367(Part 11):2002 Technical supply conditions for do threaded steel fasteners: Part 11 Electroplated coatings (third revision) ISO 4757:1983 IS 7478:1985 Dimensions for cross recesses(first Technically revision) equivalent IS 7479:1985 Recesses penetration gauges (first do revision) ISO 7721:1983 IS 11362:1985 Head configuration and gauging of Identical countersunk head screws ISO 8015:1985 IS 12160:1987 Technical drawings — Fundamental do tolerancing principles ISO 10642:1997 IS6761:1994 Countersunk head screws with hexagon Technically socket (first revision) equivalent The concerned Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions ofthe following ISO Standards referred in this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this standard: ISO Standard Title ISO 1479:1983 Hexagon head tapping screws ISO 7053:1992 Hexagon washer head tapping screws ISO 10509:1992 Hexagon flange head tapping screws ISO 10664:1999 Hexalobular internal driving feature for bolts and screws In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, itshall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revise@’.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of /ndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from DOC:No. BP 33 (0261). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 3230131, 3233375,3239402 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617, 3233841 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme Vil M, V.I.P.Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 KOLKATA 700054 ( 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2541216,2541442 {2542519,2541315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MlDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 { 8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi .. I.
1161.pdf	IS1161:1998 STEEL TUBES FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES - SPECIFICATION ( Fourth Revision ) First Reprint NOVEMBER 1998 ICS 77.140.75 ; 91.220 Q BIS 1998 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAKB HAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Junuary 1998 Price Group 3Steel Tubes, Pipes and Fittings Sectional Committee, MTD 19 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Fourth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Steel Tubes, Pipes and Fittings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council This standard was first published in 1958 and its first, second and third revisions were issued in 1963. 1968 and 1979 respectively. While reviewing the standard, the Committee has felt it necessary to revise this Indian Standard with the following modifications: a) Thickness andmass is aligned with IS 1239 (Part 1) : 1990. b) All amendments have been incorporated. In the formulation of this standard, due consideration has been given to the trade practices followed in the country in this field. Due consideration has also been given to international co-ordination among the standards prevailing in different countries. Assistance has been derived from the following publications: ISO/R 336 : 1976 Plain end steel tubes, welded or seamless; general table of dimensions and masses per unit length. International Organization for Standardization. BS 6323 : 1982 Steel tubes for-mechanical and general engineering purposes. British Standards Institution. This standard contains clauses 8.1 and X2.1w hich call for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 1161 : 1998 Indian Standard STEEL TUBES FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES - SPECIFICATION -(-Fourth Revision ) 1 SCOPE as ‘Light’, ‘Medium’ and ‘Heavy’ depending on the wall thickness (see Table 1). They shall be further This standard covers the requirements for hot finished graded as Y St 2 10, Y St 240 and Y St 3 10 depending welded (HFW), hot finished seamless @IFS), and on the yield stress of the material (see Table 2). The electric resistance welded (ERW) or high frequency designation of the steel tubes shall, therefore, include induction welded (HRIW) plain carbon steel tubes the nominal bore ofthe tube, classification on wall for structural purposes. thickness and grade of the material. 2 REPERENCES 4 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL The Indian-Standards listed below are the necessary 4.1 General requirements relating to the supply of adjuncts to this standard: the steel tubes for structural purposes shall conform IS No. Title to IS 1387. 228 : 1983 Method of chemical analysis of 5 MATERIAL steel (in various parts) 5.1 The tubes shall be manufactured from steel as 1239 Mild steel tubes, tubulars and other given in Table 3 and shall be supplied in the conditions (Part 1) : 1990 wrought steel fittings: Part 1 Mild as shown therein. steel tubes (#ifth revision) 6 DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS 1387: 1993 General requirements for the supply of metallurgical material 6.1 The standard sizes and weights of tubes for (second revision) structural purposes shall be as given in Table 1. 1608: 1995 Mechanical testing of metals - 6.1.1 Some geometrical properties of the steel tubes Tensile testing are also given in Table 1 for information. 2328: 1983 Method for flattening test on 6.1.2 Tubes of thickness lower than light tubes, metallic tubes #rst revision) specified in Table 1 shall not be permissible. 2329: 1985 Method for bend test on metallic 6.2 Tolerances tubes (in full section) (fwst revision) The following tolerances shall apply: 4711: 1974 Methods for sampling of steel a) Outside Diameter: pipes, tubes and fittings (first revision) +0.4mm 1) Up to and including 48.3 mm _ o, 8 _ 4736: 1986 Hot-dip zinc coatings on mild steel 2)Gver48.3mm f 1. O percent tubes (jkst revision) b) Thickness flor all sizes): 4740 : 1979 Code of practice for packaging of steel tubes @rst revision) + Not limited 1) Welded tubes - 10 percent 10748 : 1995 Hot-rolled steel strip for welded + Not limited tubes and pipes yirst revision) 2) Seamless tubes - 12.5 percent 3 DESIGNATION cl Weight: 3.1 Steel tubes covered by this standard shall be + 10 percent designated by their nominal bore and shall be calssified 1) Single tube light - ~8 percent 1B Table 1 Sizes and Properties of Steel ‘hbes for Structural Purposes 5 Y (Clauses3.1,6.1,6.1.1and6.1.2) . . Nominal Outside Thickness Weight Area of Internal Surface Moment Modulus Radius Square of g Bore Diameter Cross Volume of of of Radius of Section External Internal Inertia Section Gyration Gyration mm mm mm kg/m cm’ cm3/m cm3/m cm3/m 4 3 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (“;“o, (“II, (“1”) 15 21.3 Light 2.0 0.947 1.21 235 543 0.57 0.54 0.69 0.47 Medium 2.6 1. 21 1.53 203 669 506 0.69 0.64 0.66 0.44 Heavy 3.2 1.44 1.82 174 468 0.75 0.70 0.55 0.42 20 26.9 Light 2.3 1.38 1.78 390 700 1.36 1 .Ol 0.87 0.76 Medium 2.6 1.56 1.98 370 845 681 1.48 1.10 0.86 0.74 Heavy 3.2 1.87 2.38 330 644 1.70 1.26 0.84 0.71 25 33.7 Light 2.6 1.98 2.54 638 895 3.09 1.83 1.10 1.21 Medium 3.2 2.41 3.06 585 1 059 857 3.61 2.14 1.08 1.17 Heavy 4.0 2.93 3.73 518 807 4.19 2.48 1.05 1.11 N 32 42.4 Light 2.6 2.54 3.25 1 086 1 168 6.47 3.05 1.41 1.98 Medium 3.2 3.10 3.94 1 017 1 332 1 130 7.62 3.59 1.39 1.93 Heavy 4.0 3.79 4.82 929 1 080 8.99 4.24 1.36 1.86 40 48.3 Light 2.9 3.23 4.13 1 418 1 335 10.70 4.43 1.61 2.59 Medium 3.2 3.56 4.53 1 378 1 517 1 316 11.59 4.80 1.59 2.54 Heavy 4.b 4.37 5.56 1 275 1 265 13.77 5.70 1.57 2.41 50 60.3 Light 2.9 4.08 5.23 2 332 1 711 21.59 7.16 2.03 4.13 Medium 3.6 5.03 6.41 2 213 1 667 25.88 8.58 2.00 4.02 Heavy 4.5 6.19 7.88 2 066 1 611 30.90 10.2 1.98 3.92 65 76.1 Light 3.2 5.71 7.32 3 814 2 189 48.79 12.82 2.58 6.66 Medium 3.6 6.42 8.20 3 727 2 391 2 163 54.02 14.20 2.57 6.60 Heavy 4.5 7.9j 10.1 3 534 2 107 65.12 17.1 2.54 6.43 80 88.9 Light 3.2 6.72 8.61 5 343 2 591 751.23 17.82 3.03 9.19 Medium 4.0 8.36 10.7 5 138 2 793 2 540 96.36 21.68 3.00 9.00 Heavy 4.8 9.90 12.7 4 936 2 490 112.52 25.31 2.98 8.88 90 101.6 Light 3.6 8.70 11.1 6 995 2 964 133.27 26.23 3.41 12.03 Medium 4.0 9.63 12.3 6 877 3 192 2 939 146.32 28.80 3.45 11.91 Heavy 4.8 11.5 14.6 6 644 2 889 171.44 33.75 3.43 11.76100 114.3 Light 3.6 9.75 12.5 9 004 3 363 192.03 33.60 3.92 15.36 Medium 4.5 12.2 15.5 8 704 3 591 3 306 234.3 41.0 3.89 15.10 Heavy 5.4 14.5 18.5 8 409 3 250 274.5 48.0 3.85 14.86 110 127.0 Light 4.5 13.6 17.3 10 930 3 705 325.3 51.2 4.33 18.78 Medium 4.8 14.5 18.4 10 819 3 990 3 686 344.58 54.27 4.32 18.69 Heavy 5.4 16.2 20.6 10 599 3 649 382.0 60.2 4.30 18.52 125 139.7 Light 4.5 15.0 19.1 13 410 4 104 437.2 62.6 4.78 22.89 Medium 4.8 15.9 20.3 13 287 4 389 4 085 463.44 66.35 4.77 22.76 Heavy 5.4 17.9 22.8 13 043 4 047 514.5 73.7 4.75 22.58 135 152.4 Light 4.5 16.4 20.9 16 142 4 503 572.2 75.1 5.23 27.37 Medium 4.8 17.5 22.2 16 008 4 788 4 484 606.92 79.65 5.22 27.25 Heavy 5.4 19.6 25.0 15 740 4446 674.5 88.5 5.20 27.05 150 165.1 Light 4.5 17.8 22.7 19 128 4 902 732.6 88.7 5.68 32.27 Medium 4.8 18.9 24.2 18 981 5 187 4 883 777.32 94.16 5.67 32.14 HeaY 5.4 21.3 27.1 18690 4 845 864.7 105.0 5.65 31.92 150 168.3 Light 4.5 18.2 23.1 19 921 5 002 777.2 92.4 5.79 33.56 Medium 4.8 19.4 24.7 19 771 5 287 4 983 824.78 98.01 5.78 33.42 Heavy 1 5.4 21.7 27.6 19 473 4 946 917.7 109.0 5.76 33.21 Heavy 2 6.3 25.2 32.0 19 030 4 889 1 053 125.0 5.73 32.85 w 175 193.7 Light 4.8 22.4 28.5 26 606 5 781 1271.71 131.31 6.68 44.63 Medium 5.4 25.1 32.0 26 260 6 085 5 743 1 417 146 6.66 44.36 H=T 5.9 27.3 34.8 25 974 5 712 1 535.2 158.65 6.64 41.11 200 219.1 Light 4.8 25.4 32.3 34 454 6 578 1 856.51 169.47 7.58 57.45 Medium 5.6 29.5 37.5 33 930 6 883 6 528 2 141 195 7.55 57.02 Heavy 5.9 31 .o 39.5 33 734 6 509 2 247 205 7.54 56.86 225 244.5 Heavy 5.9 34.7 44.2 42 507 7 681 7 307 3 149 258 8.44 71.21 250 273.0 Heavy 5.9 38.9 49.5 53 557 8 578 8 202 4 412 323 9.45 89.30 300 323.9 Heavy 6.3 49.3 62.8 76 073 10 177 9 775 7 992 493 11.2 125.44 350 355.6 Heavy 8.0 68.6 87.3 90 533 11 173 10 663 13 111 737 12.3 151.29 t:IS 1161 : 1998 Medium the values specified for the relevant grades of tubes f 10 percent given in Table 2. Heavy 11.2.1 The tensile test shall be made on: 2) 10 tonne lots light l 5 percent a) a length cut from the end of the selected tube Medium (the ends of the length being plugged for grips, f 7.5 percent where necessary); or Heavy j b) a longitudinal strip cut from the tube, not NOTE - For 10 tonne lots, the weighment may-be done including the weld, ifany, and tested in the curved in convenient smaller lots and added up at the option of condition, the choice resting with the the manufacturer. manufacturer. 7 woRKMANsHIP Table 2 Tensile Properties of Steel ‘lhbes for Structural Purposes 7-l The tubes shall be cleanly finished and reasonably free from scale. They shall be free from cracks, ( Clauses 3.1 and 11.2 ) surface flaws, laminations and other defects. The ends shall be cut cleanly and square with the axis of Grade Tensile Yield Stress Elongation Strength (Min) on Gxuge tube, unless otherwise specified. (Min) Length 5.65 \iS, Min Surface imperfections such as handling marks, light MPa MPa Percent die or ~011 marks, or shallow pits shall not be considered as defects provided the imperfections are Yst 2~10 330 210 20 YSt 240 410 240 17 removable within minimum wall thickness permitted. Yst 310 450 310 14 Removal of such surface imperfections is not required. Welded tubing shall be free of protruding metal on NOTES the outside surface of the weld seam. 1 1 MPa = lN/mml= 0.102 kgflmm’ 2 Elongation percent for tubes up to and including 8 GAW.ANIZING 25 mm nominal bore for all grades shall be 12 mmimum. 8.1 If the tubes are required in galvanized condition the zinc coating on the tubes shall be conforming to Table 3 Steel and Supply Conditions the requirements and tested as per methods, specified ( Clause 5.1) in IS 4736. Sl Manufac- Steel SUPPlY 9 STRAIGHTNESS No. turing Conditions Process 9.1 Unless otherwise agreed to between the purchaser i) HPW IS 10748 Only YSt 210 or and the manufacturer, tubes shall not deviate from YSt 240 straightness by more than 1 mm in any 600 mm length. ii) HFS Bars/ingots with YSt 210, YSt 240 10 LENGTHS suitable chemical or YSt 310 composition as per 10.1 The tubes shall normally be supplied in random IS 10748 to achieve lengths at 4 to 7 m. If ordered in exact lengths, the mechanical proper tolerances shall be subject to prior agreement between ties .for respective grades the manufacturer and the purchaser. iii) ERW/HRIW IS 10748 YSt 210, YSt 240 11 MECHANICALTESTS or YSt 310 as welded, heat 11.1 The following tests shall be carried out on the treated or cold selected tube, strip or plate. For mechanical tests, drawn and tubes shall be sampled in accordance with IS 47 11. normalized NOTE - If required the copper bearing steel may be 11.2 Tensile Test used to impart weather resistant properties in the steel. Copper content shall be between 0.20 to 0.35 percent The tensile strength, the yield stress and the percentage subject to mutual agreement between the supplier and elongation shall be determined in accordance with the the purchaser. methods specifiedin IS 1608 and shall be not less than 4IS 1161 : 1998 11.3 Ductility Test 11.5 Sampling 11.3.1 Cold Bend Test ( Up to and Including 50 mm 11.5.1 Sampling ofTubes NB) For the purpose of drawing samples all mild steel When tested in accordance with IS 2329 an unfilled tubes bearing same designation and manufactured length of tube shall be capable of being bent cold by under a single process shall be grouped together to tube bending machine around a grooved former (with constitute a lot. Each lot shall be sampled separately radius at bottom of the groove equal to 6 x 0. D. of and assessed for conformity to this specification. the tube) through 180” (with weld at 90” to the plane of bending) without showing any crack at the weld 11.5.2 Sampling and Criterion for Conformity or themetal. Unless otherwise agreed to between the manufacturer 11.3.2 Flattening Test ( TubesAbove 5Omm NB ) and the purchaser the procedure for sampling of tubes for various tests and criteria for conformity shall be Rings, not less than 40 mm in length cut from the asgiven in IS 47 11. ends of selected tubes with edges rounded shall be flattened between parallel plates with the weld, if any, 12 MARKING at 90“ (point of maximum bending) in accordance 12.1 Each tube shall be suitably marked with the with IS 2328. No opening shall occur by fracture in manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, and class of the the weld until the distance between the plates is less tube. than the value specified for each grade in co1 4 of Table 4 and no cracks or breaks in the metal elsewhere 12.1.1 The tubes may also be marked with the Standard than in the weld shall occur until the distance between Mark. the plates is iess than the value specified for each grade 12.1.2 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by incol5 ofTable4. the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards 11.4 Retest Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of conditions under which~the Should any one of the test pieces first selected fail to licence for the use of Standard Mark may be granted pass any of the tests specified, two further samples to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from shall be selected for testing in respect of each failure the Bureau of Indian Standards. from the same lot. Should the test pieces from both these additional samplesp ass, the material represented 13 OILINGANDPAINTING by the test samples shall be deemed to comply with the requirement of that particular test. Should the 13.1 All tubes shall, unless otherwise specified, bc test pieces from either of these additional samples fail, varnished, painted or oiled externally. the material represented by the test samples shall be 14 BUNDLING AND PACKING deemed as not complying with the standard or the manufacturer may select to test individually the 14.1 Where tubes are to be bundled for transport, remaining lengths in the lot for the test failed to comply they shall unless otherwise specified, be packed in in the preceding tests. accordance with IS 4740. Table 4 Flattening Requirement in Metal (Clause 11.3.2) Sl Manufacturing Process Metal Steel Grade Weld Parent NO. (Distance Between (Distance between the Plates) the Plates) i) HFWIHFSIERWIHFIW Yst 210 75 percent of 0.D.” 60 percent of 0.1). ii) HFWIHFSIERWIHFIW YSt 240 85 percent of O.D. 75 percent of 0.11. iii) ~FHS/ERW/HFIW Yst 310 85 percent of O.D. 75 percent of O.D. I) O.D. = Outside diameter. 5Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they-are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BlS Handbook’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. MTD 19 ( 4099 ). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS -Headquarters: Manak-Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones : 323 01 31, 323 94 02, 323 33 75 ( Common to all offices ) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110002 323384: Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,331 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 I 337 86 26, 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 I 60 20 25 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IVCross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 I 8327891,8327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed at New India Printing Press, Khwja, IndmAMENDMENT NO. 1 MARCH 2000 TO IS 1161 : 1998 STEEL TUBES FOR STRUCTURAL PURPOSES - SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision) ( Pqe 5, clause 12.1, line 2 ) - Insert ‘grade of the steel’ after the words ‘trade-mark’. (MTD 19) Reprography Unit, BE, New Delhi, India
14689.pdf	CODEOFPRACTICEFORFIRESAFETYIN INDUSTRIALBUILDINGS (PRINTINGANDPUBLISHINGINDUSTRY) ICS 91.120; 13.220.20 0 BIS 1999 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 June 1999 Price Group 3Fire Safety Sectional Committee, CED 36 FOREWORD This Indian Standard has been adopted by the Bureauof Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Fire Safety Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Printing and Publishing activities have established themselves as an important industry in India. The buildings housing these industries are prone to fire hazards due to the materials in these industries. Different materials used and operations involved pose fire risks due to different reasons. Thus electrically operated machines may cause fires due to sparking, overloading and short-circuiting, while letterpress operation produces ink mist which adheres to walls, ceilings and being a flammable substance, poses a risk of fire. Also, many volatile substances having low flash points are used in different operations such as offsetting, wetting, etc. All raw materials such as paper, ink, solvents and thinners are highly flammable materials. Considering the high fire proneness of printing and publishing industries and their ubiquitous presence in all sorts of buildings alongside other activities makes it very important that utm~ost preventive as well as protective fire safety measures are provided for such buildings, housing these industries. This standard has been prepared with a view to give guidance for providing adequate safety against fire hazards in buildings, housing printing and publishing industries. Provisions of this code are supplementary to the-relevant statutory requirements applicable to a particular area and the general guidelines for tire safety covered in relevant Indian Standards on fire safety. The composition of the technical committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex B.IS 14689 : 1999 Indian Standard CODEOFPRACTICEFORFIRESAFETYIN INDUSTRIALBUILDINGS (PRINTINGANDPUBLISHINGINDUSTRY) 1 SCOPE 7 SOURCES OF FIRE HAZARDS This standard lays down the essential requirements 7.1 Building Housing the Industry for the fire safety of the printing and publishing 7.1.1 Most of the big printing establishments are industry. housed in buildings having mixed occupancy, thereby 2 REFERENCES posing plural fire risks. Thus, many buildings housing printing press are found to have business and The Indian Standards listed in Annex A contain mercantile activities carried on in the same building. provisions which through reference in fhis text, Some buildings housing these industries are also partly constitute provision of this standard. At the time of used as residential, educational or institutional publication, the editions indicated were valid. All buildings. One building may, thus pose several standards are subject to revision, and parties to hazards in addition to printing press hazards. Besides agreements based on this standard are encouraged to above, the printing and publishing industries investigate the possibility of applying the most recent themselves usually have a storage godown for storing editions of the standards as given in Annex A. raw materials, especially paper and ink. 3 TERMINOLOGY 7J.2 Hence, in cases where fire risks cannot be seggregated by fire resistant walls, the strictest fire For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given protection measures for highest risk shall apply to the in IS 11097 (Part 1) shall apply. whole building. 4 APPLICABILITY 7.2 Machinery 4.1 These fire safety requirements should be Electrically operated machines are fraught with applicable to all types and sizes of printing industry hazards of sparking, overloading and short-circuiting engaged in either the total process of paper printing or which may cause major fires. part thereof. 7.3 Operational Process 4.2 In this standard only the fire safety 7.3.1 Letterpress OperGiion requirements involved in printing industry are dealt. Other general safety requirements as given in IS This operation produces an ink mist which adheres to I26 19 shall apply. walls and ceilings and which, because of its oil content, present a fire hazard. 5 CLASSIFlCATION 7.3.2 Offsetting Operation For the purpose of this standard, the buildings housing these industries should be classified as Group G This operation may require gas fired, oil fired or (moderate hazard occupancy) in accordance with electric driers to obtain proper paper humidity. IS 1641. Isopropyl alcohol is generally used as wetting agent, which has a flash point of 12’C. Sheet based offset is 6 TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION usually dried by spraying with a cornstarch based powder which has an explosive potential greater than All buildings of permanent nature should be of Type I that of coal-dust. Construction having external shell and load bearing elements of 4 hour fire resistance rating; while 7.3.3 Washing and Cleaning internal/non-load bearing walls should have 2 hour fire PFinting usually involves frequent washing and resistance rating. Floors should have same fire cleaning with highly volatile solvents which may resistance as that of external shells as laid down in include naphtha, toluene and gasoline, all of which are IS 1642. highly flammable. IIS 14689 : 1999 7.4 Raw Materials of sprinkler heads may open as a result and thus may cause unwarranted water damage. 7.4.1 The raw materials used in printing, such as ink, solvents, thinner and paper are all highly flammable 7.8.2 Any movement of paper may generate static or combustible. electricity and in such a situation, -paper dust may provide an ignition source as well as explosive 7.4.2 In motion through presses and other atmosphere. equipments, the paper may ~develop static electricity and provide an ignition source. 8 FIRE SAFETY MEASURES 7.5 Storage of Paper 8.1 General 7.51 Indoor storage of roll paper present serious fire The usual causes of fires in printing and publishing hazards. Fire growsrapidly in the flue like spaces industries include electrical equipment, static formed due to stacking differing diameter rolls on ends electricity, cutting and welding, lower humidity, in columns. Fire spread can quickly raise surreptious smoking and bad house keeping. These temperatures so high that exposed steel may fail causes should be given particular attention while structurally. Steel failure may rupture sprinkler piping deciding about fire safety measures. and~deprive roll paper of fire protection at a time of 8.2 Fire Safety Measures in Buildings maximum need. Fire spreading up the side of a paper column quickly burns through the outer ply paper 8.2.1 The constructional details, electrical which then unwinds and peels away from rolls, installations and fire protection installations as thereby increasing the burning surface. recommended in relevant Indian Standards shall be provided. 7.5.1.1 Initial fire development and intensity differ only slightly for different papers. Hard, thin and 8.2.2 Internal decorations shall be of tire resisting laminated papers burn somewhat faster than soft, thick materials, as specified in IS 1642. and coated papers. Difference in types of papers are 8.2.3 The buildings 15 or more in height shall be not important in regard to fire protection in on-end provided with wet riser system as per IS 3844. storage, because the extremely high temperatures developed are common to all types of papers. 8.2.4 Refuge area, not less than 15 m2, shall be provided on external walls as per IS 1642. 7.5.1.2 Although rolls stored on side avoid dangerous peeling, a fire in this case, which is well shielded from 8.2.5 All electrical installations shall be done as fire fighting efforts, may involve a larger portion of the recommended in IS 1646 and National Electrical code. storage and become quite intense in the vertical 8.2.6 Service ducts shall be enclosed by walls and columns created between rolls. doors, if any, of 2 hours ratings. If the ducts are larger 7.5.1.3 Paper is sometimes supported horizontally on than 1 m2 area at the floor then proper sealing should racks by rods which run axially through the rolls. Such be done. an arrangement because of the separation between 8.2.7 The airconditioning ducts where provided shall rolls, has the same general fire characteristics as be as per the requirements given in IS 1642. separated vertical stocks. 8.2.8 Flame proof electrical equipments, light 7.6 Negligence or Prohibited Activity by Workers fittings, etc, should be provided in the process areas 7.6.1 Errors in operation or maintenance of machines where flammable vapours are present. and improper handling or storage of materials may 8.2.9 Adequate space shall be provided all round the cause fire. building for fire brigade approach as required under 7.6.2 Surreptious smoking and such other prohibited the building byelaws applicable to that area. activities in risk areas may also cause fires. 8.2.10 Water supplies for fire fighting shall be 7.7 Canteen arranged as per IS 9688. Sprinklers shall be provided in adequate numbers, keeping in view the fact that the 7.7.1 One or more staff canteens are very often sprinklers are best suited and most reliable fire operated in the printing press building. Hence, the protection measure for majority of fire risks. risks generally associated with LPG cylinders constantly remain present in these buildings also. 8.2.11 All high rise buildings (compared to other surrounding buildings) shall have lighting protection 7.8 Wastes as per IS 2309. 7.8.1 Every operation generates wastes and fire can 8.2.12 Portable fire extinguishers of appropriate types flash across such deposits and spread. A large number should be deployed throughout the premises 2IS 14689 : 1999 conforming to the requirements of IS 2190 and Installations Minimum requirements periodical inspection anb maintenance should also be Near underground One electric pump and ensured. static tank, fire pump one diesel pump of 8.2.13 The requirements of wet riser and down comer with minimum capacity installations and capacity of water storage tanks and pressure fire pumps should be as given below: 0.3 N/mm* (3 kgf/cm2) 1 620 I/min and one at terrace level electric pump of a) Less than 15 m in height capacity 180 Vmin i) Plot area up to 250 m2 Pump at terrace level 450 l/min (900 l/min in Installations Minimum requirements with minimum case the basement area Hose reel To be provided pressure of 0.3 N/cm* is 200 m* and more) Wet riser - (3 kgf/cm) 7 Down comer To be provided (for iii) Plot area 501 m2 to 1 000 mL more than one storey) installations Minimum requirements Yard hydrant - Hose reel To be provided Automatic sprinkler - Wet riser To be provided (for system more than one storey) Manually operated To be provided Down comer To be provided (for electric fire alarm more than one storey) system Yard hydrant - Automatic detection - Automatic sprinkler To be provided (in case and alarm system system of basement area is 200 Underground static - m or rrlore) water storage tank Manually operated To be provided Terrace tank 5 000 I (for hose reel) electric fire alarm Near underground static - system tank, fire pump with Automatic detection - minimum pressure of and alarm system 0.3 N/mm’ (3 kgf/cm) Underground static 25 000 1 at terrace level water storage tank Pump at terrace level 450 I/min (for hose Terrace tank 5 000 1 for hose with minimum pressure reel) reel, 15 000 I in case of0.3 N/mm (3 kgf/cm) basement area is 200 m2 or mare ii) Plot area 25 1 m2 to 500 m2 Near underground One electric pump and Installations Minimum requirements static tank, fire pump one diesel pump of Hose reel To be provided with minimum capacity Wet riser - pressure of Down comer To be provided (for 0.3 N/mm (3 kgf/cm) 1 620 l/min and one more than one storey) at terrace level pump of capacity 180 Yard hydrant - l/m Automatic sprinkler To be provided (in case Pump at terrace level 450 Vmin (900 l/min in system of basement area is with minimum case the basement area 200 m and more) pressure of 0.3 N/cm* is 200 m2 and more) Manually operated To be provided (3 kgf/cm) electric fire alarm system iv) Plot area 1 001 m’ and above Automatic detection - Installations Minimum requiremerits and alarm system Hose reel To be provided TJnderground static 25 000 I Wet riser To be provided (for water storage tank more than one storey) Terrace tank 5 000 1 (for hose reel) Down comer To be provided (for 15 000 I in case the more than one storey) basement area is 200 Yard hydrant To be provided m and more 3IS 14689 : 1999 Installations Minimum requirements 8.2.14 Proper relative humidity should be maintained Automatic sprinkler To be provided (in case in all machine operation rooms. system of basement area is 200 8.3 Fire Safety in Machinery m2 or more) Manually operated To be provided 8.3.1 All machines shall be adequately earthed to electric fire alarm dissipate static electricity. system 8.3.2 The machine which may produce spark shall Automatic detection -To be provided have proper guards so as to minimize hazards from and alarm system (depending upon the risk) sparks. Underground static 35 000 1 (50 000 I if water storage tank ground floor covered 83.3 All machines shall be well maintained, area exceeds 1 000 m2) lubricated and regularly cleaned to avoid frictional Terrace tank 10 000 1 (for hose fires. reel, 30 000 1 in case the 8.3.4 Electrical connections to the machines shall be basement area is 200 regularly checked, properly insulated and wherever m2 or more) necessary, replaced with new ones. Near underground static One electric pump and tank, fire pump with. one diesel pump of 8.3.5 Cornstarch based powder used for drying minimum pressure of capacity 1 620 llmin sheet-fed offset being explosive, it shall be 0.3 N/mm2 (3 kgf/cm2) and one electric pump periodically removed by vaccum cleaning to avoid at terrace level of capacity 180 l/min accumulation and dust collectors (cleaner bags) emptied immediately. Pump at terrace level 450~Vmin (900 l/min in with minimum case the basement area 8.3.6 Static ~eliminators should be provided for the pressure of 0.3 N/cm2 is 200 m2 and more) machines, where static electricity is generated. (3 kgf/cm2) 8.4 Raw Materials and Their Handling b) 15 m and above but not exceeding 18 m Installations Minimum requirements 8.4.1 Proper rolls shall be handled carefully to prevent Hose reel To be provided pieces of paper from being torn loose and left hanging. Such loose pieces should be trimmed off or taped Wet riser To be~provided tightly to rolls. Waste paper or broken rolls shall not Down comer To be provided be stored with roll paper. Yard hydrant To be provided Automatic sprinkler To be provided 8.4.2 Vehicles used for transporting the materials system shall hr. kept properly maintained and all refuelling shall be done outside storage area. It will be desirable Manually operated To be provided to provide spark arresters to these vehicles. electric fire alarm system 8.5 For transporting flammable liquids within the Automatic detection To be provided process area, jerry cans with self closing lids should and alarm system be used. Underground static 1000001upto500m2 8.6 Oily wastes should be kept in containers with water storage tank covered area per closed lids. floor (150 000 1 if covered area exceed 8.7 Storage 500 m2) Terrace tank 200001 8.7.1 Storage room shall be provided with a well Near underground static One electric pump and designed automatic sprinkler system. The sprinkler tank, fire pump with one diesel pump of heads, shall conform to IS 9972. minimum pressure of capacity 2 850 Vmin 8.7.2 The top of the stored material shall be at least 0.3 N/mm2 (3 kgf/cm2) and one electric pump 1 m below sprinkler deflectors to ensure effective at terrace level of capacity 180 Vmin water distribution. Pump at terrace level with 450 l/min (900 l/min in minimum pressure of 0.3 case the basement area 8.7.3 Fire access aisles with a width of at least 2.5 m N/mm2 (3 kgf/ cm2) is 200 m2 and more) shall be provided with distance between two aisles in NOTE - Buildings above 18 m in-height not to be. permitted. one direction not exceeding 15 m. 4IS 14689 : 1999 8.7.4 Absorbent papers such as tissue stock and, to a possible, these should be segregated from the lesser extent, newsprint, swell when they absorb adjoining blocks. moisture. There shall, therefore be at least 0.6 m 8.7.10 Paint mixing area using flammable solvents expansion space between storage and building walls. should be in a detached building. It is not possible, it 8.7.5 Paper dust or other combustible deposits shall should be segregated from the adjoining blocks. not be allowed to accumulate on top of rolls or on 8.8 Education of Workers on Fire Safety ceilings, structural members or piping as a fire may flash across such deposits, thereby opening the Workers shall be educated regarding fire hazards and sprinklers to the full extent depending upon the necessity of observing fire prevention measures. They accumulations. should also be trained in operation of fire fighting equipments. They shall be given practice in fire drills 8.7.6 Good housekeeping shall be strictly observed at suitable intervals. throughout the storage premises. All drains shall be regularly cleaned to avoid clogging. 8.9 Proper fire order shall be framed and enforced. Smoking shall Abe strictly prohibited in hazardous 8.7.7 Store rooms for valuable baled waste shall be places. If required, separate smoking booth may be provided with sprinklers. provided for smokers. 8.7.8 Good housekeeping shall also be strictly 8.10 Canteen observed in boundries where wastes are frequent. Use Canteen premises should also be provided with of cyclone or suction systems are recommended for suitable fire fighting equipments. It willbe preferable removal of wastes. to keep the canteen outside the building. 8.7.9 Location of storeslgodowns for printing units, 9 PERMISSION OF FIRE AUTHORITY varnish, thinner, flammable liquids and paper/ cardboards should be in detached buildings. If it is not No printing estabhshment shall start functioning without clearance from the local fire authority. ANNEX A (Clause 2) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 1641 : 1988 Code of practice for fire safety 3844: 1989 Code of practice for provision and of buildings (general): General maintenance of internal fire principles of fire grading and hydrants and hose-reel on premises classification (first revision) (first revision) 1642 : 1988 Code of practice for fire safety of 9688 : 1992 Eye surgery instruments - Hooks, buildings (general): Details of con- strabismus (first revision) struction (first revision) 9972 : 1981 Specification for automatic 1646: 1997 Code of practice for fire safety of sprinkler heads buildings (general): Electrical 11097 Glossary of terms for printing installations (second revision) (Part 1) : 1984 machinery: Part 1 Fundamental 2190 : 1992 Code of practice for selection, terms installation and maintenance of 12619: 1989 Printing industry - Safety code portable first-aid fire extinguishers SP 30 : 1984 National Electrical Code 2309 : 1989 Practice for the protection of buildings and allied structures against lighting-Code of practice (second revision) 5IS 14689: 1999 ANNEX B (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Fire Safety Sectional Committee, CED 36 Chairman Representing SHR~J . N VAKIL Tariff Adivsory Committee, Ahmadabad Members ASSISTANTS ECWR~~CVO MMISSIONER Mmistq of Railways, New Delhi DR A. K. BHALLA Ministry of Defence (CEESO), New Delhi DR K. S. UPPAL( AItem@) CHIEFP IREO FFICER Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai CHIEFF tREO ~CER Municipal Corporation of Mumbai (Mumbai Fire Brigade) SHRIR . N. CHACHRA Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants (India) Ltd, Ranchi SW SUNILD AS (Alternate) SHRIS . K. DHEM Delhi Are Service, Government of Delhi, New Delhi SHRIR . C. SHARMA( #rem&e) SHRIS . M. DESA~ In personal capacity (B-4/5 A.G. Khan Road Municipal Ofticcrs Society, Worli, Mumbui) RRE ADVISORY Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi DEPUTYF IREA DVISOR(A lremate) FIRE OFFICER Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRIP . N. GHOSH In personal capacity (J-2916, Chittrunjan Park, New De&i-JO) SHRI1 . S. GAHLALIT State Bank of India, Mumbai SHRIS . C. GWTA Lloyd Insulation (India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi SHRIS ANJEEVA NGRA( Alternate) SHRlM . M. KApooR Engineers India Ltd. New Delhi SHRI? . C. SINGHAL(A lternate) SHRlT . R. A. KRISHNAN T&f Advisory Committee, DelhiiAhmadabad SHR~P . K. MAJUMDAR(A ffemare) COL KULDEEPS INGH Controllerate of Quality Assurance, Pune SHRIA . J. PAWAR( Alternate) SHR~A . R. KHAN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd. Bhopal/Trichy SHRJN ATRFJAN(A lternate) SHR~G . B. MENON In personal capacity (16, Aniket Society Manjalpur, Vudodaru) MEMBER( HYDRO-CONSTRLJ~IIM~NO -RING) Central Electricity Authroity, New Delhi MANAGINGD IREC~GR Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd. Mumbai SHRID . K. SARKAR( Alternate) SHR~V . B. NIKAM In personal capacity (4134, Huji Ali Municipal Qlyicers Cooperalive Housing Society, Mumbui) SHRIP . N. PANCHAL In personal capacity (46, Block E-I, Pocket II, Sector IS, Rohini. Delhr) PRFsrnEWr Institution of Fire Engineers (India), New Delhi SECRETARY SHRID . PADAMHABHA Tata Consulting Engineers. Mumbai SHR~B . S. VENKATESH(AZ~~~~~~) SHR~V . M. RANIKAR Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, New Delhi SHRIP . MADHUSUNDAVAR AO Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour lnstirutc. SHR~D . R. KRISHNA( Alternate) Mlrmbai DR T. P. SHARMA Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR GOPALK RISHNAN(A lternate) SHRIR . SUNDARAJAN National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. New Delhi SHRIS . K. CHATTOPADHYA(YA lternate) SHRIS . K. SHANGARI Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, New Delhi LT-COL A. T. PARNAIK SHRIP . K. SUNKARIA Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Ministry of Industry, SHRI K. C. MATHUR (ALternate) New Delhi SHRIV INODK UMAR, Director General, BIS (Ex-ofic’io Member) Director (Civ Bngg) Member-Secretary SHRI S. CHATVRVEDI JointD irector (Civ Engg), BIS 6
ISO Q10013-1995 Quality Manuals.pdf	~~ ASQC QLOOL3 95 0759506 0001928 3b4 ANSI/ISO/ASQC QI0 01 3-1 995 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Guidelines for Developing Quality Manuals AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY CONTROL 61 1 EAST WISCONSIN AVENUE MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN 53202 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess~ ASQC Q10013 95 W 0759506 0001929 2TQ ANSVISO/ASQC Q10013-1995 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Guidelines for Developing Quality Manuals Prepared by American Society for Quality Control Standards Committee for American National Standards Committee Z- I on Quality Assurance An American National Standard Approved on November 15, 1995 American National Standards: An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforining to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to r e a ,re vise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessASQC QI10013 95 0759506 0001930 T12 H 01995 by ASQC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo- copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ASQC Mission: To faciiitate continuous improvement and increase customer satisfaction by identifyjng, communicating, and promoting the use of quality principles, concepts, and technologies; and thereby be recognized throughout the world as the leading authority on, and champion for, quality. 10 9 8 7 65 4 3 2 Printed in the United States of America @) Printed on acid-free paper Published by: ASQC 611 East WisconSin Avenue Miìwaukee, Wiionsin 53202 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessm m ASQC Q10013 95 0759506 0001931 959 ANSVISO/ASQC 410013-1995 Contents Page 1 scope ....................................................................... 1 2 Normative reference ............................................................. 1 3 Definitions .................................................................... 1 4 Documentation of quality systems .................................................... 1 5 Process of preparing a quality manual ................................................. 2 6 Process of quality manual approval. issue. and control ...................................... 3 7 What to include in a quality manual .................................................. 4 Annexes A Typical quality system document hierarchy ............................................. 6 B Exampie of a possible format for a section of a quality manual ............................... 7 C Example of a section of a quality manual .............................................. 8 D Bibliography .................................................................. 10 ... 111 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess~ ASQC Q10013 95 0757506 0001932 895 Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q10013-1995, Guidelines for Developing Quality Manuals.) IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization)i s a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 mem- ber bodies). The work of preparing International Standardsi s normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and nongovernmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of elec- trotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publi- cation as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 10013 was prepared by Technical Committee ISORC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, Subcommittee SC 3, Supporting technologies. The United States TechnicalA dvisory Group (TAG) to ISORC 176 is active in all activities of this committee. It seeks to en- sure that all standards written by ISORC 176 are consistent with U.S. interests. This is done by representative membership on the U.S. TAG, by circulating drafts of proposed standards widely in the United States for comment, and by ensuring that these comments are considered by the appropriate ISORC 176 working group. By these means, most new or revised Inter- national Standards can be adopted readily as American National Standards. Although there are editorial changes to incorpo- rate American language usage and spelling, the American National Standards are equivalent to the corresponding IS0 Stan- dards. To demonstrate this equivalence, the numerical designation of the American National Standards is the same numerical designation as the corresponding International Standard with a prefix such a Q,i n this case Q10013. Annexes A, B, C, and D of this American National Standard are for information only. Comments concerning this standard are welcome and will be considered in future standards development and revision. They should be sent to the Standards Administrator, American Society for Quality Control, 61 1 East Wisconsin Avenue, P.O. Box 3005, Milwaukee, WI 53201-3005. V CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess~ ASQC Q10013 75 0759506 0003933 721 Introduction The IS0 9000 family of International Standards includes requirements for quality systems which can be used to achieve common interpretation, development, implementation, and application of quality management and quality assurance. The IS0 9000 family of Internationai Standards requires the development and implementation of documented quaiity sys- tems, including the preparation of quality manuals. ANSMSOJASQC A8402-1994, Quality Management and Quality Assurance-Vocabulary, defines a quality manual as a document stating the quality policy and describing the quality system of an organization.T his may relate to an organiza- tion’s total activities or to a selected part of those activities; for example, specified requirements depending upon the nature of products or services, processes, contractualr equirements, governing regulations, or the organization itself. It is important that the requirements and content of the quality system and quality manual address the quality standard they are intended to satisfy. This American National Standard provides guidelines for developing such quality manuals. vii CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessASQC QI10013 95 0759506 0003934 bb8 ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q 1O 0 13-1 995 Guidelines for Developing Quality Manuals 1 SCOPE 4.1 Documented quality system procedures This American National Standard provides guidelines for Documented quality system procedures should form the the development, preparation, and control of quality man- basic documentation used for the overall planning and ad- uals tailored to the specific needs of the user. The resultant ministration of activities which impact on quality. in ac- quality manuals will reflect documented quality system cordance with the IS0 9000 family, these documented procedures required by the IS0 9000 family of interna- procedures should cover all the applicable elements of the tional Standards.D etailed work instructions,q uality plans, quality system standard. They should describe (to the de- brochures and other quaiity systems related documents are gree of detail required for adequate control of the activities not covered by this American National Standard. (See an- concerned) the responsibilities, authorities, and interrela- nex A, level C.) tionships of the personnel who manage, perform, verify, or review work afíecting quality, how the different activities NOTE 1 This American National Standard may be used are to be performed, the documentation to be used, and the to develop quality manuals relating to quality system stan- controls to be applied. (See annex A.) dards other than the IS0 9000 family. 4.1.1 proceduralscope 2 NORMATIVEREFERENCE Each documented procedure should cover a logically sep The following standard contains provisions which, arable part of the quality system, such as a complete qual- through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ity system element or part thereof, or a sequence of inter- American National Standard. At the time of publication, related activities connected with more than one quality the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject system element. The quantity of documented procedures, to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Amer- the volume of each, and the nature of their format and pre- ican National Standard are encouraged to investigate the sentation are to be determined by the user of this American possibility of applying the most recent edition of the stan- National Standar4 each usually reflects the complexity of dard indicated below. The American National Standards the facility, organization, and nature of business. Docu- Institute and members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers mented quality system procedures should not, as a rule, of currently valid American National Standards and Inter- enter into purely technical details of the type normally national Standards. documented in detailed work instructions. ANSVISOIASQC A8402- 1994, Quality Management and Quality Assuranc+Vocabulary. 4.1.2 Consistent approach By arranging each documented procedure in the same 3 DEFINITIONS structure and format, the users will become familiar with For the purposes of this American National Standard, the the consistent approach applied to each requirement and definitions given in ANSVISOASQC A8402-1994 apply. so improve the likelihood of systematic compliance with the standard. 4 DOCUMENTATION OF QUALITY SYSTEMS 4.2 Quaiitymanuais Annex A describes a typical quality system documentation hierarchy. The order of development of this hierarchy in an A quality manual should consist of, or refer to, the docu- individual organizationi s dependent on that organization's mented quality system pnxedures intended for the overaU circumstances, but usually starts with development of the planning and administration of activities which impact on organization's quality policy and objectives. quality within an organization. A quality manual should 1 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessm m ASQC QLOOL3 95 O759506 8003935 5T4 ANSI/ISO/ASQC 410013-1995 cover ail the applicable elements of the quality system stan- One of the methods of assuring that the subject matter is dard required for an organization. It should describe, in ade- adequately addressed and located would be to key the sec- quate detail, the same control aspects mentioned in subclause tions of the quality manual to the quality elements of the 4.1. In some situations, the related documented quality sys- governing quality system standard. Other approaches, tem procedures and some sectionso f the quality manual may such as structuring the manual to reflect the nature of the be identical. However, some degree of tailoring is usuaUy re- organization, are equally acceptable. quired to ensure that only approfiate documented proce- NOTE 3 For system clarity and assessmentp urposes, the dures (or sections them0 are selected for the specific pur- intentional omission of any quality system element from poses of the quality manual being developed. The contents of the quality manual compared to the governing quality sys- quaiity manuals are addressed in detail in clause 7. Docu- tem standard should be explained. mented procedures relateú to the quality system, not dealt with in the selected quality system standad but necessary for the adeqm control of the activities, should be added to the 4.2.3 Derivation of a quaüty manual quality manual or be referenced as necessary. (See annex B.) A quality manual may: NOTE 2 Inclusion of proprietary information is at the a) be a direct compilation of documented quality system discretion of the organization. procedures; b) be a grouping or section of the documented quality sys- 4.2.1 Purposes of quaüty manuals tem procedures; Quality manuals may be developed and used by an organi- c) be a series of documented procedures for specific facil- zation for purposes including, but not limited to, the fol- ities or applications; lowing: d) be more than one document or level; a) communicating the organization’s quality policy, pro- cedures, and requirements; e) have a common core with tailored appendices; b) describing and implementing an effective quality f) stand alone or otherwise; system; g) have other numerous possible derivations based upon c) providing improved control of practices and facilitating organizationaln eed. assurance activities; 4.2.4 Special applications of quality manuals d) providing the documented bases for auditing the qual- ity system; The simple term “quality manual” is used when the same manual is employed for both quality management and e) providing continuity of the quality system and its re- quality assurance purposes. This usage is the most com- quirements during changing circumstances; mon application of a quality manual. However, in situa- f) training personnel in the quality system requirements tions where an organization believes that a distinction of and methods of compliance; content or usage is needed, it is essential that manuals de- scribing the same quality system are not in conflict. g) presenting the quality system for external purposes, such as demonstrating compliance with ANSI/ISO/ASQC Any quality manual should identify the management func- 49001,49002, or 49003; tions, address or reference the documented quality system and procedures, and briefly cover all the applicable re- h) demonstrating compliance of the quality system with quirements of the quality system standard selected by the quality requirements in contractual situations. organization. 4.2.2 Structure and format 5 PROCESS OF PREPmGA QUALITY MANUAL Although there is no required structure or format for a 5.1 Responsibility for preparation quality manual, it should convey accurately, completely, and concisely the quality policy, objectives, and governing Once the management decision has been made to docu- documented procedures of the organization (see clause 6). ment a quality system in a quality manual, the actual 2 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess- ~ = ~ = ASQC Q10013 95 0759506 0003936 430 ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q10013-1995 process should begin with assignment of the coordination 6 PROCESS OF QUALITY MANUAL APPROVAL, task to a management-delegated competent body, which ISSUE, AND CONTROL may be an individual or a group of individuals from one or 6.1 Final review and approval more functional organizations. Prior to issuing the manual, the document should be sub- The actual writing activity should be performed and con- jected to review by responsible individuals to ensure clar- trolled from within the delegated competent body or ity, accuracy, suitability, and proper structure. The in- from within various individual functional units, as appro- tended users should also have the opportunity to assess and priate. The use of existing documents and references can comment on the usability of the document. Release of the significantly shorten the quality manual development new quality manual should be approved by the manage- time, as weil as being an aid to identifying those areas ment responsible for its implementation. Each copy should where quality system inadequacies need to be addressed bear evidence of this release authorization. Electronic or and corrected. other methods of release of the manual are acceptable, if The competent body may initiate the following actions as evidence of approval is retained. applicable: 6.2 Distribution of the manual a) establish and list existing applicable quality system policies, objectives, and documented procedures, or de- The method of distribution of the authorized manual, velop plans for such; whether in total or by sections, should provide assurance that all users have appropriate access. Proper distribution b) decide which quality system elements apply according and control can be aided, for example, by serialization of to the quality system standard selected; copies for recipients. Management should ensure that indi- c) obtain data about the existing quality system and viduals are familiar with those contents of the manual ap- practices by various means, such as questionnaires propriate to each user within the organization. and interviews; 6.3 Incorporation of changes d) request and obtain additional source documentation or references from operational units; A method of providing for the initiation, development, re- view, control, and incorporation of changes to the manual e) determine the structure and format for the intended should be provided. This task should be assigned to an ap- manual; propriate document control function. The same review and I) classi@ existing documents in accordance with the in- approval process used in developing the basic manual tended structure and format; should apply when processing changes. g) use any other method suitable within the organization 6.4 huea nd change control to complete the quality manual draft. Document issue and change control are essential to ensure that the content of the manual is properly authorized. The 5.2 Use of references authorized content should be readily identifiable. Various methods may be considered for facilitating the physical Wherever appropriate,a nd to avoid unnecessary document process of making changes. To ensure that each manual is volume, reference to existing recognized standards or doc- kept up to date, a method is needed to assure that all uments available to the quality manual user should be in- changes are received by each manual holder and incorpo- corporated. rated into each manual. A table of contents, a separate re- vision-status page, or other suitable means may be used to 5.3 Accuracy and completeness assure the users that they have the authorized manual. The delegated competent body should be responsible for 6.5 Uncontroiìed copies assuring the accuracy and completeness of the quality manual draft, as well as for the continuity and contents of For the purposes of proposals, customer off-site usage, the document. and other distribution of the quality manual where change 3 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessASQC Q3OOL3 95 m 075950b 0003937 377 m ANSI/ISO/ASQC Ql0 013 - 1995 control is not intended, all such distributed manuals should The minimum information about the organization should be clearly identified as uncontrolled copies. be its name, site, location, and means of communication. Additional information about the organization, such as its NOTE 4 Failure to provide assurance of this process line of business, a brief description of its background, his- may cause unintended usage of obsolete documents. tory, or size, may also be included. 7 WHAT TO INCLUDE IN A QUALITY MANUAL The information about the quality manual itself should include: 7.1 General a) the current issue or effectivity identification, date of A quality manual should normally contain the following: issue, or effectivity and identification of amended title, scope, and field of application; contents; table of contents; b) a brief description of how the quality manual is revised - - and maintained, who reviews its contents and how of- introductory pages about the organization concerned ten, who is authorized to change the quality manual, and the manual itself; and who is authorized to approve it; this information the quality policy and objectives of the organization; may also be given under the system element concerned; a method for determining the history of any change in a description of the organizational structure, responsi- procedure may be included, if appropriate; bilities, and authorities; a brief description of the documented procedures used a description of the elements of the quality system and to identify the status and to control the distribution of any references to documented quaiity system procedures; the quality manual, whether or not it contains conñden- a definitions section, if appropriate; tial information, whether it is used only for the organi- zation’s internal purposes, or whether it can be made a guide to the quality manual, if appropriate; available externally; an appendix for supportive data, if appropriate. evidence of approval by those responsible for autho- NOTE 5 The order of the contents of the quality manual rization of the contents of the quality manual. may be changed in accordance with user needs. 7.2 Title, scope, and field of application 7.5 Quaiity policy and objectives The title and scope of the quality manual should clearly This section of a quality manual should state the organiza- define the organization to which the manual applies. This tion’s quality policy and objectives. This is where the or- section of the quality manual should also define the appli- ganization’s commitment to quality is presented and cation of the quality system elements. To ensure clarity where the organization’s objectives for quality are out- and avoid confusion, the use of disclaimers (e.g., what is lined. This section should also describe how the quality not covered by a quality manuals and situations where it policy is made known to, and understood by, all employees should be applied) may also be appropriate. Some or all of and how it is implemented and maintained at all levels. this information may also be located on the title page. Specific quality policy statements may also be included under the system element concerned. 7.3 Table of contents NOTE 6 Subsequent sections or system elements of the The table of contents of a quality manual should show the manual may also be used to reflect implementation link- titles of the sections within it and how they can be found. age to the quaüty policy and objectives. The numbering or coding system of sections, subsections, pages, figures, exhibits, diagrams, tables, etc., should be 7.6 Description of the organization, responsibilities, clear and logical. and authorities 7.4 Introductory pages This section of a quality manual should provide a de- The introductory pages of a quality manual should provide scription of the high-level structure of the organization. general information about the organization concerned and An organization chart indicating responsibility, author- the quality manual itself. ity, and interrelationship structure may be included. 4 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess~ ~ ASQC QLOOL3 95 0759506 000B938 203 ANSI/ISO/ASQC Ql0 01 3- 1995 Subsections within this section or in a referenced system The resultant quality manual will then reflect the organiza- elements procedure should provide details of the respon- tion’s unique methods and means of satisfying the require- sibilities, authorities, and hierarchy of all functions which ments stated in the selected quality standard and its quality manage, perform, and verify work affecting quality. system elements.T he methods and means by which the or- ganization makes a commitment to meet requirements should be clear to the users of the manual. (See annex C.) 7.7 Elements of the quality system The remainder of the quality manual should describe all the 7.8 Definitions applicable elements of the quality system. The description If a definitions clause is considered necessary in a man- should be divided into logical sections revealing a weli-co- ual, it is usually located immediately after the “Scope ordinated quality system. This may be done by inclusion of, and field of application.” Aithough it is recommended, or reference to, documented quality system procedures. when practical, to use standard definitions and terms A quality system and a quality manual are unique to each which are referenced in recognized quality terminology organization; as such, this American National Standard is documents or in general dictionary usage, this section of not intended to define a unique structure, format, content, a quality manual should contain the definitions of terms or method of presentation for the description of quality and concepts that are uniquely used within that quality system elements which can be applied to all (or even manual. Special attention should be given to words that some) products, including services. have a different meaning to different people or a specific meaning to specific sectors of businesses. The definitions Requirements for elements of quality systems are provided should provide for a complete, uniform, and unambigu- by the IS0 9ûûû family of International Standards or the ous understanding of the contents of the quality manual. applicable standard used by the organization. It is recom- The use of references to existing concepts, terminology, mended that, whenever applicable, the description of the definitions, and standards (e.g., ANSI/ISO/ASQC elements of the quality system be in a sequence similar to A8402- 1994) is highly recommended. that in the selected standard. Other sequencing or cross-ref- erencing, as appropriate to the organization, is acceptable. 7.9 Guide to the quality manual After selecting the appropriate standard, each organization Considerationm ay be given to the inclusion of an index or determines the quality system elements which are applica- a section giving a cross-reference between a subject and ble and, based upon the requirements of those elements in key words to the section or page numbers, or another such the standard, defines how the organization intends to ap- quick guide to “what and where in the quality manual.” A ply, accomplish, and control each of the selected elements. guide may also provide a description of the organization of In determining the most suitable approach for the organi- the quality manual and a short abstract of each of its sec- zation, consideration should be given to such aspects as: tions. Readers who are interested only in parts of the qual- -the nature of the business, workforce, and resources; ity manual should be able to identi@, with the aid of this section, which parts of the quality manual may contain the -the emphasis placed on the quality system documenta- information which they are seeking. tion and quality assurance; -the distinctions made between policies, procedures, and 7.10 AppendVr for supportive information work instructions; and An appendix containing data supportive to the manual -the medium selected for the manual. may be included. 5 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess= ASQC QLOOL3 95 075950b 0003939 L4T ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q 10013 - 1995 ANNEXA (INFORMATIVE) Typid quality system document hierarchy Document contents Describes the quality system in accordance with the stated quality policy and objectives and the applicable standard Describes the activities of individual functional units needed to implement the quality system elements Other quality documents Consists ofd etailed (work instructions, forms, reports, etc.) work documents (Level C) NOTE 7 Any document level in this hierarchy may be separate, used with references, or combined. 6 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessANSI/ISO/ASQC QlO 01 3-1995 ANNEX B (INFORMATIVE) Example of a possible format for a section of a quaiity manual I Organization TitldSubject Number Unit issuing Approved by Date Revision Page POLICY OR POLICY REFERENCE Give governing requirement. PURPOSE AND SCOPE List why, what for, area covered, and exclusions. RESPONSIBILITY Give organizational unit responsible for implementing the document and achieving the purpose. ACTIONS AND METHODS TO ACHIEVE SYSTEM ELEMENT REQUIREMENT List, step by step, what needs to be done. Use references, if appropriate. Keep in logical sequence. Mention any exceptions or specific areas of attention. Consider the use of flowcharts. I ~~~ ~~ DOCUMENTATION AND REFERENCES Identify which referenced documents or forms are associated with using the document, or what data have to be recorded. Use examples, if appropriate. RECORDS Identify which records are generated as a result of using the document, where these are retained, and for how long. NOTES 1 This format may also be used for a documented quality system procedure. 2 The structure and order of the items listed above should be determined by organizational needs. 3 The approval and revision status should be identifiable. 7 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessASQC QL0013 95 0759506 OOOl%4l 8T8 I ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q 100 13- 1995 A”EXC(INF0RMAï”E) Example of a section of a quality manual NOTE 8 This is an example only; the actual structure should be detennined by actual user needs. 4.17 Intenial quality audits The supplier shall establish and maintain documented pro- cedures for planning and implementing internal quality audits to verify whether quality activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and to determine the effectiveness of the quality system. Internal quality audits shall be scheduled on the basis of the status and importance of the activity to be audited and shall be carried out by personnel independent of those having direct re- sponsibility for the activity being audited. The results of the audits shall be recorded (see 4.16) and brought to the attention of the personnel having responsibility in the area audited. The management personnel responsible for the area shall take timely corrective action on deficiencies found during the audit. Follow-up audit activities shall verify and record the imple- mentation and effectiveness of the corrective action taken (see 4.16). NOTES 1 The results of the internal quality audits form an integrai part of the input to management review activities. (see 4.1.3). 2 Guidance on quality system audits is given in ANSI/iSO/ASQC 10011. [ANSI/ISO/ASQC 49001- 1 9941 8 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess= ASQC QLOOL3 95 0759506 0001942 734 ANSI/ISO/ASQC Q 1001 3- 1995 I I 1 I I WFI 4.17 Internal Quality Audits QA567-8 :sued by dept. Approved by Date Revision c. I. You 1994-01-01 4.17.1 Policy Quality audits shall be carried out periodically in order to verify whether quality activities and related results comply with planned arrangements and to determine the effectiveness of the quality system. 4.17.2 Scope These procedures cover audits of the quality system, audits of products, and audits of production processes. 4.17.3 Responsibility The manager of the Quality Department is responsible for the contents of this documented procedure and for ensuring that it is followed. 4.17.4 Action and methods 4.17.4.1 Characteristics of the audits The quality system audits are based on the quality system requirements contained in this quality manual. The functions subject to quality system audits are those responsible for activities of significance to the quality of our products. The product quality audits are based on the requirements applicable to the finished products. Product quality audits are applied to products manufactured in series. The process quality audits are based on the requirements applicable to the results of processes. Process quality audits are applied to the wave soldering and plastic molding processes. 4.17.4.2 Scope and planning of the audits Y The scope of the audits is determined with regard to the importance of the activities in question and the knowledge of any existing or likely problems, The audit frequency is, at least: for quality system audits-once a year; for product quality audits-twice a year; for process quality audits-once a year. Audit plans are made up and documented once a year. Checklists are prepared as an aid. 4.17.43 Audit personnel \{ The audits are carried out by selected personnel belonging to the Quality Department. 4.17.4.4 Reporting of results A report is made up in conjunction with each audit, containing particulars of the object of the audit, the requirements applied as \{ basis and any identified nonconformities with requirements. The audit report is distributed to the manager(s) concerned. Quality system audit observations are reported in forms of the type shown in Appendix 9. 4.17.4.5 Decisions and actions The manager of the function Concerned is responsible for ensuring that decisions and actions with regard to any notified observa- \{ tions are taken as soon as possible. h4.1 7.4.6 FOIIOW-UP The implementation of actions associated with an audit report is followed up by the Quality Department by means of continuous monitoring, planned reporting back on actions or direct follow-up in conjunction with the audit being performed the next time, as required. The result of the follow-up is documented in the audit report form. 4.17.4.7 Management review of audit results \{ Results of audits and observations made during follow-up are presented at management reviews by the manager of the Quality Department. See Section 4.1 of this quality manual. 4.17.5 References This section of the quality manual is based on the quality system procedure QA 123-4 “Internal quality audits.” 4.17.6 Records One copy of the audit report, including the notes made during follow-up, is filed by the Quality Department for at least 5 years in accordance with procedures for quality records; see Section 4.16 of this quality manual. 9 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceessASQC PL0013 95 O759506 0003943 b70 ANSMSOIASQC Ql0 013 -1995 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) BIBLIOGRAPHY [ 11 ANSMSOIASQC Q9OOO-1-1994, Quality Management and Quality Assurance StanùardMuidelines for Selection and Use. [2] ANSMSOIASQC Q9001- 1994, Quality S y s t e d o d df or Quality Assurance in Design, Development, Produc- tion, Installation, and Servicing. [3] ANSMSOIASQC Q9002-1994, Quality SystemoModelf or Quality Assurance in Production, Installation, and Ser- vicing. [4] ANSIASOIASQC 49003-1994, Quality Systems-blodel for Quality Assurance in Final Inspection and Test. [5] ANSMSOIASQC A9004- 1- 1994, Quality Management and Quality System ElementAuidelines. 10 CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess= ASQC QLOOL3 95 075950b 0003944 507 M ASQC 6 11 EAST WISCONSIN AVENUE P.O.B OX 3005 MI LWAU KEE, WISCONSIN 5320 1-3005 (414)2 72-8575 FAX (414)2 72-1734 800-248-1946 T205 Printed in the United States of America CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT AAmmeerriiccaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr QQuuaalliittyy LLiicceennsseedd bbyy IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn HHaannddlliinngg SSeerrvviicceess
6313_2.pdf	IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 -. %’@Tm%- Wit ti m% Whm WFn’T m ‘mm w7t2f%41tJMyhm%Hm? ,, . [ .’ CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ANTI-TERMITE MEASURES IN BUILDINGS PART 2 PRE-CONSTRUCT’IONAL CHEMICAL TREATMENT MEASURES ( Second Revision) ICS 91.12.01 ~....- 63BIS 2001 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC NEW DELHI 110002 December 2001 Price Group 5 I I /— Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee, CED 13 FOREWORD ThisIndian Standard (Part2)(Second Kewsion) wasadopted bytheBureauofIndian Standards, after thedraft finalized by the Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. This standard (Part 2) was first published in 1971and subsequently revised in 1981. In view of comments received and further knowledge that hasbecome available, theCommittee responsible for formulation ofthis standarddecidedtotakeupitsrevision.Considerableassistancehasbeenprovided byCentralBuilding Research Institute,Roorkeeinrevisingthisstandard.Inthisrevision,apartfromotherchanges,Chlorpyrifos andLindane havebeenrecommended foranti-termite treatment. Part 1of thisstandard deals withconstructional measures andPart 3deals withtreatment forexisting buildings. Termite control inbuildings isveryimportant asthedamage likelytobecaused bythetermites ishuge.Wood isone of the cellulosic materials which termites damage, cellulose forming their basic nutrient. They also damage materials of organic origin with a cellulosic base, household articles like furniture, furnishings, clothings,stationery,etc. Termites arealsoknowntodarnagenon-cellulosic substancesintheirsearchforfood. Rubber,leather,plastics,neoprene aswellasleadcoatingusedforcovering ofunderground cablesaredamaged by termites. The widespread damage by termites, high constructional cost of buildings have necessitated evolving suitable measures forpreventing accessoftermites tobuildings. Onthebasis of their habitat, termites are divided into two types, namely (a) Subterranean or ground nesting termites, and (b) Non-subterranean or wood nesting termites having nocontact with soil (see Annex A). The subterranean termites are most destructive and are mainly responsible for the damage caused in buildings. Typically, theyformnestsorcolonies underground inthesoil,nearground levelinastumporinother suitable pieceoftimber, andsomespeciesmayconstruct aconical ordome shapedmound. These colonies maypersist for many years and, as they mature,contain apopulation running into millions. All at@cksby subterranean termitesoriginate from thenestbuttimber either lyingonorburied intheground maybe reached bymeans of sheltertubesconstructed within, orover suchmaterials orelsebytheerection ofanindependent, free standing mudstructure. Chemical barriers whichprevent thetermites from reaching thesuper-structure of thebuilding willprotect thebuilding and its contents. Treating the soilbeneath the building and around the foundations with asoil insecticide isa good preventing measure which is attracting attention throughout the world. The purposeofthistreatment istocreate achemical barrier between theground from where thetermites come and woodwork,celhdosic materials andothercontentsofthebuildings whichmayformfoodforthetermites.Timber which is seasoned and is naturally durable in heartwood may be used in the building structure. However, non-durable timbers and sapwood of alltimbers shouldbetreated towithstand theattack ofdrywgod termites (seeIS401 andIS 1141). Thecomposition oftheCommittee responsible forformulation ofthis standard isgiven inAnnex D. Forthepurpose ofdeciding whether aparticular requirement ofthisstandard iscomplied with, thefinal value, observed or calculated, expressing the resultof atestoranalysis, shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rulesforrounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in therounded off value should bethesameasthatofthe specified value inthis standard.IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ANTI-TERMITE MEASURES IN BUILDINGS PART 2 PRE-CONSTRUCTIONAL CHEMICAL TREATMENT MEASURES (Second Revision) 1 SCOPE might be established. In order to ensure uniform distribution of the treating solution and to assist This standard (Part 2)gives recommendations forthe penetration, somesitepreparation, maybenecessary. chemical treatment of soils for the protection of Theinformation givenin4.1.1to4.1.4 isforguidance buildings from attack by subterranean termites. It inpreparing abuilding site forchemical treatment. includes reference to the chemicals to be used, lays down minimum rates of application for usage, and 4.LI Heavy Soils and Sloping Sites outlines procedures tobefollowed whilethebuilding On clay and other heavy soils where penetration is isunder construction. likelytobeslow andonsloping siteswhererunoffof 2 REFERENCES the treating solution is likely to occur, the surface of thesoilshouldbescarifiedtoadepthofatleast75mm. The Indian Standards given in Annex B contain provisions, which through reference in this text, 4.1.2 Sandy or Porous Soils constitute provision of this standard. At the time of Onloose,sandyorporous soilswhere lossoftreating publication, the editions indicated were valid. All solution through piping or excessive percolation is standards are subject to revision, and parties to likely to occur, preliminary moistening to fill the agreements based on this standard are encouraged to capillary spacesinthe soilisrecommended. investigate thepossibility ofapplying themostrecent editions of@e s@dm,ds indicated. 4.1.3 Levelling, Excavations and Filling 3 TERMINOLOGY All sub floor levelling and grading should be completed; all cuttings, trenches and excavations For the purpose of this standard, the following should be completed with backfilling in place, definitions shall apply. borrowed fill must be free from organic debris and 3.1 Chemical Barrier should be well compacted. If this is not done supplementary treatments shouldbemadetocomplete The layer of chemically treated soil in immediate the barrier. contact with the foundation and floor structure of a building which kills or repels termites thus forming a 4.L4 Concrete Formwork barrier which isimpervious totermite entry. Allconcrete formwork, Ievellingpegs,timberoff-cuts 3.2 Soil Treatment andotherbuilder’s debris shouldberemoved fromthe areatobetreated. The application of chemicals (toxicants) to the soil adjacent to and under a building to form a chemical 5 CHEMICALS AND RATE OF APPLICATION barrier which islethal orrepellent totermites. 5.1 Basic Principle 3.3 Pre-Construction Soil Treatment Chemical toxic to subterranean termites maybe used This isaprocess in which soiltreatment isapplied to effectively to check termite infestation in the soil. abuildlng during theearly stagesof itsconstruction. These areusefulinthetreatment ofnewbuilding sites andmayalsobeusedtoeradicate existing infestation 4 SITE PREPARATION in buildings and to prevent reinfestation. The 4.1 The removal of trees, stumps, logs or roots from effectiveness and/orresidual activity depend uponthe abuilding sitereduces the hazards from subterranean choice of thechemicals, the dosages adopted and the termites. Similarly, the subfloor area shouldbekept thoroughness of application. The chemical solutions free from alldebris inwhich newcolonies oftermites oremulsions arerequired tobedispersed uniformly in1S6313 (Part 2) :2001 . .— the soil and of the required strength soasto form an chemical emulsion hasbeen absorbed by the soiland effective chemical barrier which is lethal and the surface is quite dry. Treatment should not be repellent totermites. carried out when it israining or when the soil is wet with rain or sub-soil water. The foregoing 5.2 Mound Treatment requirements applies also in the case of treatment to Iftermite mounds are found within theplinth areaof the filled earth surface within the plinth area before the buildings these should be destroyed by means of laying the sub-grade forthe floor. insecticides in the form of water suspension or t 6.3 Dkturbance emulsion which should bepoured intothe mounds at several places after breaking open the earthen Once formed, treated soil barriers shall not be structure and making holes with crow-bars. The disturbed. If, by chance, treated soil barriers are quantity to be used will depend upon the size of the disturbed, immediate stepsshallbetakentorestorethe mound. Foramound volumeofabout 1m3,4litresof continuity andcompleteness ofthebarriersystem. an emulsion in water of one percent Chlorpyrifos 7 TREATMENT 20ECorLindane 20EC maybe used. 7.1 Soil Treatment 5.3 Soil Treatment The chemical emulsions described in 5.3 shall be Treating the soilbeneath the building and around the applied uniformly at the prescribed rate in all the foundations with a soil insecticide is a preventive stages of the treatment. A suitable hand operated measure. The purpose of the treatment isto create a compressed airsprayerorwateringcanshouldbeused chemical barrier between the ground from where to facilitate uniform disposal of the chemical termites come and woodwork or other cellulosic emulsion. Onlargejobs, apowersprayermaybe used materials in the buildings. The following chemicals to save labour andtime. conforming to relevant Indian Standard in water emulsion are effective when applied uniformly over 7.1.1 Inthe event of waterlogging of foundation, the the areatobetreated. water shall be pumped out andthechemical emulsion applied when thesoil is absorbent. Chemical Relevant Indian Concentration by Standard Weight, percent 7.2 Treatment for Masonry Foundations and (active ingredient) Basements Chlorpyrifos IS 8944 1.0 7.2.1 The bottom surface andthesides(upto aheight 20EC of about 300 mm) of the e~cavatiom -lmadefrom Lindane IS 632 1.0 masonry foundations and basements shall be treated ,. 20EC withthechemical attherateof5l/m2surfacearea(see Fig. 1). NOTE — The chemicals described inthis code areinsecticides with a persistent action and are regarded highly poisonous. 7.2.2 Afterthemasonryfoundations andtheretaining These chemicals can have anadverse effect upon health when absorbed through the skin, inhaled asvapours orspray-mists or wall of the basements come up, the backfill in swallowed. Derailed precautions forthe safe handting ofthese immediate contact with thefoundation structure shall chemicals aregiven in,%rrex C. Persons carrying outchemical betreated attherateof7.5l/m2ofthevertical surface soil treatment in accordance with tlds code should familiarize ofthesub-structure foreach side. Ifwater isusedfor themselves for these precautions and exercise due care when handling thechemical whether inconcentrate orindiluted form. ramming theearthfill,thechemical treatment shallbe The use of the chemical should be avoided where there isany carried out after the ramming operation is done by risk ofwells orother water supplies becoming contaminated. rodding theearth at 150mm centres close toparallel 6 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR tothewallsurfaceandsprayingthechemicalemulsion BARRIER AND METHOD OF APPLICATION at the above dosage. After the treatment, the soil should be tamped in place. The earth is usually 6.1 Conditions ofFormation returnedinlayers andthetreatment shallbecarriedout Barrier shall be complete and continuous under the in similar stages. The chemical emulsion shall be wholeofthestructuretobeprotected. Allfoundations directedtowardsthemasonrysurfacessothattheearth shailbefully surrounded byandinclosecontact with incontact with these surfaces is well treated with the thebarrierortreated soil. Eachpartoftheareatreated chemical (seeFig, 2and3). shallreceive theprescribed dosage ofchemical. 7.3 Treatment for RCC Foundations and Basement * 6.2 Time ofApplication 7.3.1 The treatment described in 7.2.1 and 7.2.2 Soil treatment should start when foundation trenches applies essentially to masonry foundations where andpitsarereadytotakemassconcrete infoundations. therearevoids inthejoints through whichtermitesare Laying of mass concrete should start when the able to seek entry into buildings. Hence the 2A. IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 -- j foundations require to be completely enveloped by a building be graded on completion of building, this , ,,i, chemical barrier. InthecaseofRCCfoundations, the treatment shouldbecarried outoncompletion ofsuch .— .. .,.. concrete is dense being a 1:2:4 (cement: fine grading. aggregates: coarse aggregates, by volume) mix or .1 7.6.1 In the event of filling being more than richer, the termites are unable to penetrate it, it is 300mm,theexternal perimeter treatment shallextend therefore, unnecessary to start the treatment from the to thefull depth of filling upto the ground level soas bottom of excavations. The treatment shall start at a toensure continuity of thechemical barrier. depth of500mmbelow theground levelexcept when such ground level is raised or lowered by filling or 7.7 Treatment of Soil Under Apron Along cutting after the foundations have been cast. In such External Perimeter of Building cases, thedepth of 500 mm shall bedetermined from the new soil level resulting from thefilling or cutting Top surface of the consolidated earth over which the mentioned above,andsoilinimmediate contact with apron is to be laid shall be treated with chemical the vertical surfaces of RCC foundations shall be emulsion attherateof5l/m2of the surface before the treated atthe rate of 7.5 I/m. The other details shall apron is laid. If consolidated earth does not allow beaslaiddown in7.2.2 (seeFig. 4). emulsion to seep through, holes up to 50 to 75 mm deep at 150mmcentres both ways maybemade with 7.4 Treatment of Top Surface of Plinth Filling 12 mm diameter mild steel rod on the surface to Thetopsurface oftheconsolidated earthwithinplinth facilitate saturation of the soil with the chemical walls shall be treated with chemical emulsion at the emulsion (seeFig. 3). rate of 5 l/m2of the surface before the sand bed or 7.8 Treatment of Walls Retaining Soil Above sub-grade is laid. If the filled earth has been well Floor Level rammed and the surface does not allow the emulsion to seep through, holes up to 50 to 75 mm deep at Retaining wallslikethebasement wallsorouter walls 150mmcentres both waysmaybe made with 12mm abovethefloorlevelretaining soilneedtobeprotected diameter mild steel rod on the surface to facilitate byproviding chemical barrier bytreatment ofretained saturation ofthe soilwith thechemical emulsion. soil in the immediate vicinity of the wall, so as to prevententryoftermites through thevoidsinmasonry, 7.5 Treatment at Junction of the Wall and the cracksandcrevices, etcabovethefloor level. The soil Floor retained by the walls shall be treated at the rate of Speciai care shall be taken to establish continuity of 7.5 l/m2 of the vertical surface so as to effect a theverticIchernic?lbarrieroninnerwallsurfacefrom continuous outer chemical barrier, in continuation ground level (where ithadstopped withthetreatment with thatof theone formed under 7.2. described in 7.2.2) up to the level of the filled earth surface. To achieve this, a small channel 30mm x 7.9 Treatment of Soil Surrounding Pipes, Wastes 30 mm shall be made at all thejunctions of wall and and Conduits columns with the floor (before laying the sub-grade) When pipes, wastes and conduits enter the soilinside the rod holes made in the channel up to the ground theareaofthefoundations, soil surrounding thepoint level 150mm apart andtheironrod moved backward ofentryshallbeloosenedaroundeachsuchpipe,waste and forward to break up the earth and chemical orconduit for adistance of 150mm and toadepth of emulsion poured along the wall atthe rate of7.5l/m2 75 mm before treatment is commenced. When they ofvertical wallorcolumn surface soastosoakthesoil enterthesoilexternal tothefoundations, they shallbe right to the bottom. The soil should be tamped back similarly treated at adistance of over 300 mm unless into place after theoperation. they stand clear of the walls of the building by about 7.6 Treatment of Soil Along External Perimeter of 75mm. Building 7.10 Treatment for Expansion Joints After the building is complete, the earth along the Expansion joints at ground floor level are one of the external perimeter of thebuilding should berodded at biggest hazards for termite infestation. The soil intervals of 150 mm and to adepth of 300 mm. The beneath thesejoints should receive special attention rods should bemoved backward and forward parallel when the treatment under 7.4 is carried out. This tothewalltobreakuptheearthandchemicalemulsion treatment shouldbesupplemented bytreating through poured along thewallattherateof7.5l/m2ofvertical the expansion joint after the sub-grade has been laid, surfaces. After the treatment, the earth should be attherateof2litresper linear metre. tamped back into place. Should the earth outside the 3 IIS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 ..—J t 300 mm I t FIG.1 TREATMENOTFTRENCHBOTTOMANDSIDES m FLOOR FINISH TREATMENT FLOOR BASE OPC> SANO BED/ SOL,ING etc ILLING FINISHED GROUND LEVEL ; ~:j,’.” :.”:j--BACltFlLL I ‘ , ,. .. .. .. ..“.’l B -’ 1. Stages ofTreatment A - Bottom and Sides ofTrenches (see 7.2.1) B – Backfill inImmediate Contact with Foundation Walk (see 7.2.2) C - Junction ofWall and Floor (see 75) D - TopSurface ofPlinth Filling (see 7.4) E - External Perimeter ofBuilding (see7.6) FIG.2 TREATMENFTORMASONRYFOUNDATIONWSITHOUTAPRON 4-_— IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 -,” I =’iiiLkQIA ,- Stages afTreatment A – Bottom and Sides ofTrenches (see 7.2.1) B– f3acktlll inImmediate Contact with Foundation Walls (see 7.2.2) c– Junction ofWall and Floor (see 7.S) D- TopSurface ofPlinth Filling (see 7.4) E- External Perimeter ofBuilding (see 7.6) F- Soil Below Apron (see 7.7) FIG.3 TREATMENFTORMASONRYFOUNDATIONWSITH APRONALONGEXTERNALPERIMETER..... ,.~ . t+ r ---- IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 V:..:::.”F FLOOR FINISH ..... m“:’”: :.. : f /-FLOOR 8ASE cONCRETE .’4..:;”? .. / / TREATMENT . .“.:.,..”.: . .... .,+:; .:;.: .; ...” ... ,.:” .. b.:,”” ?“”.’..! ......~”.. :P..;:. e ... FINISHE l.. . . GROUNt ,...:,.... ... ... .: .. . ... t. ... :.’“ .. ”..$. .:... .” .. .”.”.’..’. D ..’ ....0... F .“ . : ,1 ...,,.,. A L .,:.., ..!. . “. .- .. . ‘.. . .. :... :. .. .. :... . .”. “.. . *. ;” .. .. A s:”; : ,.”,.... .. ..,” ,. ..%..”..,. ;..+.:,. . L ... ... ........ ....:. .... ..”.:.-.. ..... .l, t ...:.$,W’...:... ... ..,. .... ,.. .. ..... ... .... .... ... .... .. .- . ., . ...... -BACKFILL ...... ‘b” . 3, .“ ,.-~‘“,. .. ..”.. . . . ,. ... .. ....’ ... %. ,. ’:.,. . . ~.’. ; . ...... d:’ii.=:: “..; “..&...-.”.”....”.: , .?... .::. . ..... h. . . . .. . . .. <~E::’,;:.?;., . .... Stages ofTreatment A ‘- Backfill inImmediate Contact with Foundation Structure (see 7.2.3) B - Junction ofWall andFloor (see 7.5) C - TopSurfaceofPlinthFilling(see7.4) D - External Perimeter ofBuilding (see 7.6) FIG.4 TREATMENFTORRCC FOUNDATIONIS-- .— IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 ANNEX A (Foreword) ASHORT NOTE ON TERMITES A-1 CLASSIFICATION greyish white in colour. The soldiers are generally darker than the workers and have a large head and A-1.1 Termites constitute a separate order of insects longer mandibles. There are, however, other types of called ‘ISEPTORA’. Although, they are commonly soldiers whose mandibles are small, degenerated and calledwhiteants,theyarenottelated toants. Thefront functionless; instead the frontal part of the head is pairofwingsoftheantsarelonger thantheirhindpair prolonged toforma longnasus;theydispeltheenemy whereas in termites, both pairs are equal. There are by squirting out white poisonous fluid through the over 2300 species oftermites ofwhich about 220are nasus. The reproductive, that is, the flying adults, found inIndia. Allthese speciesarenotconside~d to havebrown orblackbodies andareprovided withtwo beserious pests. pairsof long wings ofalmost equal sizeincontrast to A-1.2 According to their habits, termites can be thereproductive ofantswhichhavetwopairofwings divided into two welldefined groups- ofunequal size. a) Subterranean orgroundnestingtermites which A-1.6 The food of the termite is cellulosic material build nests inthe soil andlive inthem, and liketimber, grass, stumps of dead trees, droppings of b) Non-subterranean or wood nesting termites herbivorous animals, paper, etc. Once termites have which live inwood with nocontact with soil. found asuitable foot-hold in or near abuilding, they start spreading slowly from a central nest through A-1.3 Subterranean termites require moisture to underground and over-ground galleries inthecase of sustaintheirlife.Theynormally needaccesstoground subterranean termites, and galleries within the atalltimes. Theybuild tunnelsbetween theirnestand structural member. Once they get direct access to source of food through covered runways. These them inthe case ofdrywood termites. In their search covered tunnels provide humidity conditions thus for food they by pass any obstacle like concrete or preventing desiccation and protection against resistant timber to get a suitable food many metres predators, darkness necessary fortheirmovement and away. for maintaining contact with earth. The subterranean termites enter abuilding from ground level,underthe A-1.7 In subterranean termite colony, the workers foundation, working their way upwards through feed the reproductive, soldiers, winged adults and , .. floors, destroying allbefore them. So little isseenof young nymphs. One of the habits of the termites these termite operations thatsometimes the structural which is of interest is the trophallaxis by means of member attackedisfoundtobemerelyashellwiththe which food and other material remain in circulation insidecompletely riddled andeaten away. among different members ofthecolony. Workers are alsointhehabitoflicking the secretions ofexudating A-1.4 The wood nesting species comprise drywood glmds ofthe physogastric queen. and dampwood termites. Drywood termites which predominate are able to live even in fairly drywood A-2 DEVELOPMENT OF TERMITE COLONY and with no contact with soil. These frequently A-2.1 Atcertain periodsoftheyear,particularly after ~ construct nestswithin largedimensional timbers such a few warm days followed by rain, emergence of asrafters, posts, door andwindow frames, etc, which winged adults on colonizing flights, occum. This they destroy, ifnot speedily exterminated. However, swarming,alsocalledthenuptialflight,maytakeplace theyarenotasprevalent andcommon assubterranean anytimeduringthemonsoon orpost-monsoon period, termites, andaregenerally confined tocoastal regions The fightisshortandmostoftheadultsperish dueto and interiors ofeastern India. one reason or the other. The surviving ~errnitessoon A-1.5 A termite colony consists of a pair of find their mates, shed their wings and establish a reproductive, theso-called kingandqueenandalarge colonyifcircumstances arefavorable. Thefemale of number of sterile workers, soldiers, and nymphs. If, thepairorqueenproduces afeweggsinthefirstyear. however, thequeenislostordestroyed, herplacetaken Thefirstbatchofthebroodcomprises onlyofworkers. by anumber of supplementary reproductive in some The rate of reproduction however, increases rapidly group of termites; thus by removing the queen, the after 2to3years. Although acolony may increase in colony will not be destroyed. All the work of the size comparatively rapidly, very little darnage may colony is carried out by the workers. Guarding the occur inaperiod lessthan 8to 10yearn. Any serious colony isthe work ofthe soldlers. The adult workers damage that mayoccur in ashort time is-+erhapsdue and soldiers are wingless. The workers are generally to heavy infestation in the initial stages due to large 7IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 population of termites existing in the soil before the recognized by thepresence ofearth-like shelter tubes building is constructed. which afford themtherunways between soilandtheir food. A-3 RECOGNIZING THE PRESENCE OF TERMITE INFESTATION IN BUILDING A-3.2 Drywood termites on the contrary may be recognized by their pellets of excreta. A-3.1 Swarms of winged reproductive flying from Non-subterranean termites excrete pellets of partly the soil or wood are the first indication of termite digested wood. These may be found in tunnels oron infestation in abuilding. Often the actual flight may the floor underneath the member which they have not be observed but the presence of wings discarded attacked. These termites may further be noticed by by them will be a positive indication of a well blisters on wood surfaces due to their forming established termite colony nearby. Termite darnage chambersclosetothesurfacebyeatingawaythewood is not always evident from the exterior inthe caseof and leaving only a thin film of wood on the surface. subterranean termites, since they donotreduce wood Also the hollow wand on tapping structural timber toapowdery massofparticles likesomeofthewood willindicate theirdestructive activity inside. borers or drywood termites. These termites are also ANNEX B ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS 1SNo. Title ISNo. Title 401:1982 Code of practice for preservation of 2568:1978 Malathion dusting powder (second timber (third revision) revision) 632:1978 Gamma —BHC (Lindane) emulsifi- 4015:1998 Guide for handling cases of pes- able concentrates (fourth revision) ticides poisoning: Part 1 First aid 1141:1993 Seasoning of timber — Code of measures (@st revision) practice (second revision) 8944:1978 Chlorpyrifos emulsifiable con- centrates ANNEX C .,.-- ( Clause 5.3) SAFETY PRECAUTIONS C-1 PRECAUTIONS FOR HEALTH HAZARDS dilute emulsions should also be avoided. Workers AND SAFETY MEASURES should wear clean clothing and should wash thoroughly withsoapandwaterspeciallybeforeeating C-1.l All the chemicals mentioned in 5.3 are and smoking. In the event of severe contamination, poisonous and hazardous to health. These chemicals clothing should be removed at once and the skin can have anadverse affect uponhealthwhenabsorbed washed withsoapandwater. Ifchemicals splashinto through the skin,inhaled asvapours orspraymistsor theeyesthey shallbe flushed withplenty ofsoapand swallowed. Persons handling or using these water and immediate medical attention should be chemicals should be warned of these dangers and sought. advised that absorption through the skin is the most likely sources of accidental poisoning. They should C-1.4 The concentrates areoil solutions and present be cautioned to observe carefully the safety a fire hazard owing tothe use of petroleum solvents. precautions given inC-1.2 toC-1.5 particularly when Flames should notbeallowed during mixing. handling these chemicals intheform ofconcentrates. C-1.5 Care should be taken inthe application of soil C-1.2 These chemicals are brought to the site in the toxicants to. see that they are not allowed to form of emulsifiable concentrates. The containers contaminate wells or springs which serve as sources should be clearly labelled and should be stored ofdrinking water. carefully sothatchildren andpetscannot getatthem. They should bekept securely closed. C-1.6 In case of poisoning, suitable measures shall be taken for protection in accordance with C-l-3 Particular care should betaken toprevent skin 1s’4015. contact with concentrates. Prolonged exposure to 8. A IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 ANNEX D (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee, CED 13 Organiurtion Representative(s) Inpersonal capacity (D-6 Sector 55,IVoiab201301) SHRIA.K. SARKAR(ChUirrnurr) Bhabha Atomic Reseach Centre, Mumbai, SHRIK.S.CHAUHAN SHRIK.B. MEHRA(Alternate) Builders Association ofIndia, Chennai SHRIM.KARTHIKEYAN Building Materials &Technology Promotion Council, New Delhi SHRIJ. K.PRASAD SHRIS. K.GUPTA(Alternate) Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRIM.P.JAISINGH Central Public Works Department, New Delhi CHIEFENGINEER(CDG) SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(CDO) (Altemare) Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi SHRIDEEPCHANDRA Central Vigilance Commission, New Delhi SHRIR.A.ARUMUGAM Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi aHRIS.M.MADAN SHRIS.C.AGGARWAL(Alternate) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, New Delhi SHRISURFSHCHANDER SHRIDINESHAGARWAL(Alternate) Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SHRIR. S.GARG SHRIA. K.TANDON(Alternate) Forest Research Institute, Debra Dun SCIENTIST-SF RESEARCHOFFICER(Alternate) Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhl SHRIS. MUKHERJEE SHRIM. KUNDU(Alternate) Hindustan Steel Works Construction Ltd, Kolkata SHRIN. K.MAIUMDAR SHRIV.K.GUPTA(Akernate) Housing &Urban Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRIK.C.BATRA SHRIK.C.DHARMARAJA(NAhemate) Indian Institute ofArchitects, Mumbai SHRIP.C.DHAIRYAWAN SHRIJ.R.BHALLA(Alternate) Indian Oil Corporation, Mathura SHRID. A.FRANCIS SHRIS.V. LALWAN(IAlternate) ---- hrdian Pest Control Association, New Delhi SHRIH.S.VYAS Life Insurance Corporation ofIndia, New Delhi CHIEFENGINEER DEPUTYCHIEFENGINEER(Alternate) Ministry ofRailways, Lucknow DEPUTYCHIEFENGINEER(CONSTRUCTION) Exwxmrve ENGINEER(CONSTRUCTION(A)lternate) National Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRIDAUtTSINGH National Industrial Development Corporation Ltrf,New Delhi SHRIG.B.JAHAGIRDAR SHRIY. N.SHARMA(Alternate) National Project Construction Corporation, New Delhi SHRIK.N.TANEJA SHRIS.V. PATWARDHA(NAlternate) Public Works Department, Government ofArunachaPlradesh CHIEFENGtNEER(WESTZONE) Itanagar Public Works Department, Government ofMaharashtra, Mumbai SHRIA.B.PAWAR SHRIV. B.BORGE(Alternate) Public Works Department, Government ofPunjab, Patiafa CHIEFENGINESR(BUILDING) DIRECTOR(R& D)(Alternate) Public Works Department, Government ofRajastharr, )aipur SHRIP.K. LAUFUA SHRtK.L.BAIRWA(Ahemate) Public Works Department, Government ofTamil Nadu, Chennai CHtEFENGINEER(BUILDING) SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(BUILDING()Alternate) l State Bank ofIndia, New Delhi SHSUP.L.PATHAK SHRtG.V.CHANANA(Alternate) Structural Engineering Research Centre, Cherrnai SHRIK.MANI SHRIH.G.SREENATH(Alternate) BIS Directorate General SHRIS. K.JAtN,Director (Civ Engg) [Representing Director General (Es-oflicio)] Member-Secretary SHRtMATIRACHNASEHGAL Deputy Dkeetor (Civ Engg), BIS (Continued onpage 10) 9 t J...— -4 IS 6313 (Part 2) :2001 .— (Continuedfrom page 9) -{ Timber Engineering Subcommittee, CED 13:4 Organization Representative(s) inpersonal capacity (C4E-78 Janakpuri, New Delhi 110058) DRH.N. MISHRA(Convener) Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRIS.K.MtrrAL DRY. SINGH(Alternate) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(S&S) SUPERINTENDINEGNGINEER(TADC) (Alternate) DENOCIL, Mumbai SHRIMANOJSHARMA SHRIP.NATARAIAN(Alternate) Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, New Delhi SHRIN. HARIHARAN SHRIK.K.MJTRA(Altemare) Forest Research Institute, Debra Dun DRS.C.MISRA Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi SHRJSUDHODANROY SHRIA. K. CHADHA(Alternate) Indian Institute ofTechnology, Chennai DRM.S.MATHEWS Indian PlywocdIndustrieRsesearch &Traitring hrstitute, DIRECTOR Bangalore DRH.N.JAGADEESH(Alternate) Institution ofSurveyors, New Delhi SHRIK.S.KHARB SHRIK.L. PRUTH(IAlternate) Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi DR R.GNANAHARAN Indian Institute ofTechnology, Delhi DRG.S.BENIPAL Ministry of Agriculture, Faridabad DRBRAJENDRASINGH National Building Construction Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRIV.SITARAMANJ SHRIJ.R.GABRIEL(Alternate) National Environment Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur REPRESENTATJVE National Chemical Laboratory, Pune REPRi3ENTATtVE PVM Processed Timber (India) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai SHRIP.C.GANDHI SHRIANANDP.GANDHI(Alternate) Public Works Department,Govemment ofKerala, Thlmvanarrthapuram SHRIK.M..iDHAVANPILLAI Public Works Department, Government ofMadhya Pradesh, Bhopal SUPERINTENDINEGNGJNEER Public Works Department, Government ofTrrmilNadu, Chennai JOINTCHIEFENGINEER EXECUTJVEENGINEER(Alternate) Pest Control India Ltd, Mumbai SHRIG.P.AGNIHOTRI SHRIP.N. NOWROJE(EAlternate) Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow DEPUTYDtRECTOR ...-- ..- ASSISTANTDIRECTOR(Alternate) RITES, New Delhi SHRIN.S.MAHIPAL SHRIG.D.CHAUSALKA(RAlternate) Regional Research Institute, Jorhat DRU.C.BORAH SHRJS.C.BARTHAKUR(Alternate) Structural Engineering Research Centre, Ghaziabad SHRIP.C.SHARMA SHRJO. P.THAKUR(Alternate) Inpersonal capacity (C-538, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi ll&M4) SHRIB. R.C. DHAMANI l 10Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act,. 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of stardardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. 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Amendments Issued Since Publication I Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 3230131,3233375,3239402 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617,3233841 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 CALCUTTA 700054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2541216,2541442 {2542519,2541315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 {8327891,8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD, BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH, PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed atSimco Printing Press, Delhi
8226.pdf	IS :8226-’1976 [Reaffirmed 1990) indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICEFOR INSTALLATIONAND OBSERVATIONOF BASEPLATESFOR MEASUREMENT OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTIN EMBANKMENTS (First hprh)t JUNE 1991) 4 lJD~ ‘ 627s824:624’]5$073:624131.526 ,.. 0 Copyrighr 1977 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MAR(3 lf - ,NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 4 Jawary 1977 $ ,IS:s226-1976 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION AND OBStiRVATION OF BASEPLATES FOR MEASUREMENT OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT IN EMBANKMENTS Hydraulic Structures Instrumentation Sectional Committee, BDC 60 zz@ieront~ Chairman SHRII . P. KAPILA Public Works Department, Govermnent of Punjab, Chandigarh M$Qab#r~ Da B. K. ACURWALA National Physical Laboratory ( CSIR ), New Delhi SARI S. S. AOARWAL Cent;na~~$~ Instruments Organmation ( CSIR ), SHRI B. S. BHALLA Beaa Designs &ganiaation. Nangal Township SHRI M. L. KAUSHAL( Ahnab) Crimp J~NIXNB~R( InnroAn0~ ) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras Dmmrror (I- OF HYDRA- & HYDROLOO) Y ! !?MRl ;??%R Koyna Project, Koyna Nagar hRR&R ’ Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune SRRX c. ETTY DARWIN Idukki Project, Government of Kerala, Trivandrum Sent N. Btroo-ruluao~~ ( Al&m& ) SXRIP. G0lwAm Phillips India Limited, Bombay SHRI K. BASU (AZ&m& ) Smu R. C. GUPTA Ram Ganga Project, Kalagarh SHRI S. N. GURUR AW Central Water Commission, New Delhi SHRI M. T. GURRANI (Al&ma.& ) SHRI N. S. GUJRAL( Altmatk ) &RI L. N. KABIRAJ Damodar Valley Corporation, P.O. Maithan Distt Dhanbad Snxr 2. M. I~RACHIWALA Vari Shums & Co Pvt Ltd, Bombay Mua A. MANI Meteorological Department, New Delhi SRRI V. N; NA~ARAJA Ministry of A riculture & Irrigation Sam P. K. NAWRKAR Irrigation an g Power Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay 8 Sruu T. V. MARATRB( Al&ma& ) ( conriruudo n fmg#2 ) @ Copyright 1971 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Z&an Copyrigldct ( MV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any moans oxwpt with ‘tten permission of the Dublisher shall be domed to be an infringement -of copyr2i ! t under the said Act.( Contlnuadjium poga 1 ) Members W-e Slrnr R. G. PATEL Publ~~bti~Rrtmcnt, Government of Gujant, SIRS R. J. RAJU IrrigRtion rtmcat, Gowmmcnt of Andhra Pradesh5,$ ydembad DRJ. PURUIHOTHAM(A ltmmuk) &iRI K. S. ho Electronics Corporation of Indiis Ltd, Hydcrabad SEORRTARY Ccntr~l Bo~rdof Irrigation and Power (Ministry of Agriculture & Imgation ), New Delhi DEPUTYS ECRETARY( Al&ma&) SW H. G. VRRMA Asdade Ilutrumenm Mfga (I&h ) Pvt Ltd, New Sxi~t K. G. PIJRAW ( Ahmote) Sxrx D. A JITHAS IMFIA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-q&jWoM Ilnbn ) Director ( Giv Engg ) &lY6tOgY SHRI G. RAYAN Deputy Director ( Giv Engg ), IS1 . -4. .Indian Standard CODE ‘OF PRACTICE FOR INSTALLATION AND OBSERVATION OF BASEPLATES FOR MEASUREMENT OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT IN EMBANKMENTS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 16 September 1976, after the draft finalized by the Hydraulic Structures Instrumentation Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Foundation settlement ( baseplate ) apparatus are installed on the foundation under dams and embankments to permit measurements of verti- cal settlement of the foundation during construction and later during operation. This type of apparatus generally is used where the height of the dam or embankment is relatively low and whece the foundation is unconsolidated sand, silt, or clay material. This installation is similar to the cross arm installation for measurement of internal vertical movement in earth dams ( sbs IS : 7500-1973” ) For the choice and location of instru- ments in earth dams reference may be made to IS : 7436 ( Part I)-1973t. An electrical probe with PVC casing pipe as described in IS : 7500.1973* may also be used for the baseplate installation. The pipe system installed fir the baseplate system can be usefully utilized for measurement of the water level, if any, at that point. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international coordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices prevailing in this field in this country. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-19603. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. code et praeticc for inatilation and observation of cross arms for internal vertical displacement m earth dams. tGuide for types of measurementcf or rtructurcs in river valley pro’ecb and criteria for choice and location of measuring imtrumcntr: Part I Earth and r~& 6 11d ams, $Rul~ for rounding 0@4~44eri~al values ( mid). _ d’!I6:8226- 1976 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard gives the details of the installation and observation of baseplate apparatus for observing foundation settlement of dams and embankments resting on soil strata. For the purpose of this standard the word embankment includes earth and rock-fill dams. 2. EQUIPMWT 2.1 conm~~sl0f~InstaRatioss 2.1.1 The foundation settlement apparatus consists of a baseplate placed on the foundation excavation line and a vertical column of steel pipes ( seu Fig. 1 ). The apparatus comprises a base section of 50-mm steel pipe, a erossarm measuring unit ( baseplate ), and anchor crossarm and an extension of 50-mm pipes to the surface of the embankment. 2.1.2 Bass Section- The base section is made of two pieces of 50-mm pipe, one 600 mm long and one 1500 mm long, joined by a pipe coupling. A p&orated latchin plate ( w Fig. 2 ) is inserted into the coupling between these two sections 0 5! pipes. 2.143B asc~iate- The baseplate is a modified crossarm with two 300 x 375 mm steel plates welded to the base of a 75-mm channel section. The base-plate unit is bolted and welded to a 40-mm ipe which telescopes between lengths of 50 mm pipe in the system. Sett Pe ment readings are taken only on the baseplate measuring point which is the bottom of the 4O-mm pipe. 2.1.4 A&or Crossam -At 1 150 mm above the elevation of the baseplate, an anchor crossarm is placed to prevent the vertical pipe column from sliding down on the ba late. The anchor crossarm is a 1000 mm length of 75-mm channel, bolt“ex and welded to a 1500 mm length of 50-mm pipe. 2.1.5 &tension Pipe - To complete the installation, 1500 mm lengths of 50-mm pipe are joined by pipe couplings to extend the column of pipes to the surface of the embankment. 2.2 Equipment for Observation 2.2.1 Measuring Totpea (.SMF . 3 ) - Readings of baseplate are taken by lowering from the top of b e system a torpedo attached to a at&l t measuring tape. The torpedo is machined to dimensions from a brass sh& and contains two wings or pawls which open or close at Fni slots and closing slots due to spring action. The maximum dimensron 0s torpedo. is at the wings when fully opened and this dimension,is less than 50 mm and ,greater than 40 mm. 2.2.2 Riading Scab and Adapist- The details of reading scale with adapter used for lowering the torpedo are givti in Fig 4.IS I 6226 1976 15 mm CHANNEL ANCHOR CROSSARM 75mm CHANNEL SECTION XX OAKUM PACKED MEASURING POINT LATCHING PLATE All dimensions in millimetres. ,,- -c /'i FIG. 1 BASEPLATE INSTALLATIONSECTI& xx All dimensions in milliietres. Fm. 2 ILATCHING PLATE : 2.23 &t&rL ivers ldmtor- Any suitable device to measure water levels ifdesired. Non - C&&g of the mm.wing cqui@unt - The measuring devices shall be kept clean andfreeof 3. Itissu ted that each type of instrument be disassembled, insofar aa racticab Ife”, and clean E!F following completion of readings. The tape should be care- fdy inspected for kinks and breaks. 3. INSTALtATION 3.1 Prior to installation of the test equipment, permanent instrument benchmarks and t,argets shall be established beyond the area of influence of reservoir and/or embankment load. These targets shall be visible and accessible throughout construction of the entire embankment. These targets and benchmarks are utilized to locate the centre of the installation at all stages of construction; 3.!4 l&me Extension ( scd Fig. 5A and 6A ) -$he base extension for the device consists of two pieces of pipe which I&m the e%tension into theREAMNO MAUE ZERO 35mm FIG. 3 M~asurtmo TORPEDO foundation. This &tension should be assembled and set into a 100 mm n&i&m diameter hole which has been drilled to the required depth into the foundation. The hole ma+ be drilled by an earth auger. After setting the pipe extensiori, the backfill around the 50 mm pipe should be done with cement grout to within 250 mm of its tap. If the foundation baseplate is not installed immediateIy, a temporary pipe cover should be placed over the &tendihg 50 mm pipe and covered wiJ1,p50 mm minimum of compact& embankment matefid. . 7 -4.9 .AOJUS~ VERNIER SCALE FOR ZERO AT THIS POINT (LEVEL POINT) STRAP IRON SUPPORT -~orwaUPE i r rblnrn flS ?TA EN OARO CJ e- % CNLAROED WTAIL OP .i ADAPtI FOR SOnn, #rc -5.. ‘Ornrn + STAWMRD PIPES INSERT SOmm 0 StANDARD IiEXAGONAL NUT 9 - Fro. 4 RIMDING SCALE WITH ADAPTERg&432@& 1676 3.3 The foundation settlement apparatus shall be installed as embankment placement operations progress. Each pipe section shall be placed in a vertical position. The operation of all heavy equipment should be prohi- bited in the immediate vicinity of the installation when sections of the apparatus are being placed. Jf, for some reason, the upper surface of the embankment in the vicinity of the installation is to be reworked before an additional extension pipe is placed, the installation shall be flaged or marked so that it will not be damaged or displaced by earth moving equipment. 3.4 Installation in Rockdee. Soils $4.1 Bascplafs ( Fig. 5B ) - The centre of installation should be located anda trench excavated up to foundation excavation line. The baseplate unit should be placed and aligned over the base extension. A pipe cover should be placed on top of the 4O;mm pipe and the joints of the 40-mm pipe with the base extension pipe at bottom and with the pipe cover at top should be fitted with oakum and wrapped with burlap. The trench and the hole should,be backfilled with embankment material to the level of the oakum joint at top. The original elevation of the baseplate should be noted by lowering the torpedo in the pipe by removing the temporary pipe cover as described in 4.1 and the pipe cover replaced. The backfilling should then be continued up to 1000 mm above the level of the baseplate. Embankment placement should then be continued. 3.4.2 Extetuh pips and Anchor Crossann ( Fig. 5C ) -The centre of the installation should be located and a trench excavated up to the level of the anchor crossarm. A hole should be bored from the bottom of the trench so as to locate the ipe cover placed in operation described in 3.4.1. The pipe cover should Be removed and the 50-mm pipe with anchor crossarm placed and aligned. The hole should then be backfilled to 400 mm below bottom of trench. 3.4.3 E&n&m of pipr to Tipof Embankment - The operations are similar to those described in 3.4.2 except that no’trench is required to be excavated as no crossarms are installed at higher levels, However crossarms may be installed at higher elevations so that it becomes a combined foundation settlement and vertical movement device. At the surf&e of the embank- ment, rocky material should be placed around the pipe extension and concrete placed above so as to afford fixity to the installation ( see Fig. 5D ). At’ the top of the last 50 mm ‘pipe a plug should be fitted to a 50-mm coupling. 3.5 In~talladon inRockyM aterials 1 3.5-l It is difficult to bore a hole in rocky material. The opera&~ involved in the installation as described ,in 3.4.1 $zo3 .43 are therefore modified. The pipe cover, over the base extensi+ if placed should be removed and the baseplate unit should be placed and aligned over thf base, CL-w -X838226-1976 extension. A pipe cover should be placed on ?p 2: zmm&efk baseplate unit and the joints of the 46-mm pipe at the bottom and with the pipe cover atp z to should befitted with oakum and covered with burlap. Baek6Uing sho uh! bedoneto25Ornm above the centreline of baseplan% At this stage, the pipe coverrboubd~ba removed and the original elevation of baseplate measuriqpoint 8honkl be obtained. Then the extension ipe with anchor m should be cad, aligned and a pi e cover seate a at the top of this extension pi . A d of rocky materi J should be placed around the ipe about $ 5 mm bsbut the pipe cover at the top to support the pipe. TE e embankment placennM around the pipe should be continued till it reaches a level 150 mm above the pipe cover, leaving a depression around the pipe cover ( SMF ig. 6B ). After the anchor crossarm unit is thus installed, the protective pipe cover should be removed and the vertical alignment of the system should be checked by lowering a plumb bob. If a deviation from vertical alignment is found, an attempt should be made immediately to correct the error. If it is impracticable to correct the error, succeeding pipe sections should be placed vertically and the offset from the true vertical alignment recorded. Succeeding extension pipes should’be placed similarly by using 50-mm pipe couplings ( SMF ig. 6C ) till the surface of the embankment is reached. At the surface of the embankment, rocky soil should be placed around the pipe extension and concrete should be placed above so as to afford fmity to the installation ( see Fig. 6D ). At the top of the last 50-mm pipe a plug should be fitted to a 50-mm coupling. 4. OBSERVATION 4.1 Settlement readings shall be taken on the baseplate measuring point which i4 the bottom of the 40 mm pipe by means of the measuring torpedo shown in Fig.. 3. The elevation of the measuring point of the baseplate is determined by lowering the torpedo through the reading scale and into the ipe system by means of the steel tape. Pawls on the torpedo engage the lpo wer end of the 40 mm pipe (the measuring point),. and upon reaching the bottom of the installation and striking the latching plate, they latch in a closed position to enable the torpedo to be withdrawn from the system. When readings are made, the reading scale is attached to the top section of the pipe rejecting from the existing installation. The elevation of the levehng p Pa te on top of the reading scale shall be established from a perma- nent benchmark off the embankment. 4.2 During construction, readings for elevations of the baseplate measuring points and of the top of the embankment should be determined and noted in the form shown in Ap endix A. Throughout construction, including shut- downs, readings shall Ee taken at intewals of SOdays. When the installa- of tion is completed the elevation of the top the @nal pipe cou ling should bt established to the nearest 5 mm ( SMN ote ) a& the date o P completion . 10 %e7 f& r.S!226~4b76 should be noted on the form shown in Appendix A. The first set ofperio- die readings should be made immediately after installation; thereafter readings should be taken every 3 months for the first 3 years and every 6 months thereafter. The observations should be recorded in the form given in Appendix A. NOTE- The elevation of the final pipe coupling &all be verified at 1-t ouce in 6 montha with a permanent benchmark. 4.5 The position of water level in the pipe system may be noted by means of the water level indicator. 5. RECORD TESTS 5.1 Record tests of foundation materials at the instrument installation are necessary. Representative undisturbed samples of the foundation soils should be obtained and tested for grain size analysis, consistency limits, specific gravity, natural water content, natural dry density andconsolidation. 1!3. ,C‘ . . APPENDIX A ‘- E ” ( Clause 4.1) P PROFORMA FOR RECORD OF OBSERVATION O&B~~ZZ&‘L~ INSTALLATZON (FOUNDATION SETTLEMENT Project.. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Location.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Top of dam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ._.... Reference drawing.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reservoir water level R.L.. . . . . . . . . Date of okation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Observed bv.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BASE-, hCATION ELIWATION OF SENTIMENTR ESENT HEIGHT OF CHANQE ELEVATION z PLATE CF BASEPLATK~ OF BAJH- BLBVA- EbfpANK- OF WATER No. Station Of&t- _ PLATE TION OF MENT DIZZY IN SYSTEM Original Present BMlMNK- r-7 .; M4zNT$ Origi- Pre- .-. nalg sent11 Record upstream or downaiream from centre line ofcrat of dam. l tRcport data to 5 mm. 5 $On completion of installations, use dcvation of top of pipe ( at system ) in lieu of current elevation of embankment. 4 jDctcm&cd when the installation is complete; subtract existing dcvation of baseplate from elevation of top of pipe. . ~Ixdicate immasc in depth by minus ( - ). qhbmct current dcvation of ba@ate from curxtnt dcvation of top of pipe.BUREAU OF lND IAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Btwivan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones :3310131 Telegrams :~anaksanstl!a 3311375 (Common to all Offioes) f?f?QiGIK#/ ~ffiCf?S : Central : Marrak Bhavam 9, Bahadur Shah Zafar Miirgj,. NEW DELHi f10002 Eastern ; 1/14 C.I,T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola. CALCUTTA 700054 PJwthern :SCO 445-46, Seotor 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 Southern :C.LT. Campiis, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 t Western : Mamrkalaya, E9 MlDC, Marol, Andheri (East), 1MJMEA%400093 Branch offices : ‘Pushpak’, Nurmobamed Sh8ikh Marg, Khanpur, AH MADABAD 380001 26348 $ Peerlya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore-Twnkur Road, 394855 BA!’WALQRE 560058 Gangotri Compiex, 5th Floor, Btiadtrhada Road, T.T, Nagar, 554021 BH(3PAL 462003 Plot No. 82/~3, Lewis Road, BHIJBAbiESHW/AR 751002 53627 Kalai Kathir Building, 6/48-A Avanasi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 26705 (luaiity Marking Centre, NH. IV, N:[.T., FARIDABAD 121001 Savitri Comp!ex, 116 G. T. RcJr@,GHAZIASAD 201001 8.711990 53/5 Ward No. 29, R,G, Barua Road, 5th By-lane, 33177 GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L. N, Gupta Mar-g, ( Narnpally Station Road ) 231083 l-fW3ERABAD 500001 RI 4 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 63471 117/41 $ B Sarvcdaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 216876 Plot No, A-9, House No. 561/63, Sindhu Nagar, Kanpur Road !55507 LLICKNOW 226005 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 62305 — District Industries’ Centre Complex, 8agh-e-Aki Maidan, SRINAGAR 190011 T.C. No, 14/1421, University P. 0., Patayarm, 62104 THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 hwpecthm Offices (with SaIe Point) : PwshpanJali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, !5251 71 Shank Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Sttivaji Nagar, 52435 PIJNE 411005 -. “Sales Offioe Calcutta isat 5 Chowringhee Approach 276800 P. 0. Prin@p Street, CALCUTTA ~ Ssles Offioe is at Novehy Chambers, Grant Road, B0M6AY 8965 2% 223971 ~! Stlhio Kay i%intws, New Deibi, Iry!ia
ISO 9001 2015 QMS(1).pdf	INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 9001 Fifth edition 2015-09-15 Quality management systems — Requirements Systèmes de management de la qualité — Exigences Reference number ISO 9001:2015(E) © ISO 2015ISO 9001:2015(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyright@iso.org www.iso.org ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Contents Page Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi 1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................................................................................1 3 Terms and definitions .....................................................................................................................................................................................1 4 Context of the organization .......................................................................................................................................................................1 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context .......................................................................................................1 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties ..............................................................2 4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system .............................................................................2 4.4 Quality management system and its processes ..........................................................................................................2 5 Leadership ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 5.1 Leadership and commitment .....................................................................................................................................................3 5.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................3 5.1.2 Customer focus ..................................................................................................................................................................3 5.2 Policy ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................4 5.2.1 Establishing the quality policy .............................................................................................................................4 5.2.2 Communicating the quality policy ....................................................................................................................4 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities..........................................................................................4 6 Planning .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................4 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities ...................................................................................................................4 6.2 Quality objectives and planning to achieve them ......................................................................................................5 6.3 Planning of changes ............................................................................................................................................................................5 7 Support ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1 Resources .....................................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.2 People ........................................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.3 Infrastructure .....................................................................................................................................................................6 7.1.4 Environment for the operation of processes ...........................................................................................6 7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources ...........................................................................................................7 7.1.6 Organizational knowledge .......................................................................................................................................7 7.2 Competence ...............................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.3 Awareness ...................................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.4 Communication ......................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.5 Documented information ...............................................................................................................................................................8 7.5.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................8 7.5.2 Creating and updating .................................................................................................................................................9 7.5.3 Control of documented information ...............................................................................................................9 8 Operation .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................9 8.1 Operational planning and control ..........................................................................................................................................9 8.2 Requirements for products and services ......................................................................................................................10 8.2.1 Customer communication .....................................................................................................................................10 8.2.2 Determining the requirements for products and services .......................................................10 8.2.3 Review of the requirements for products and services ..............................................................10 8.2.4 Changes to requirements for products and services .....................................................................11 8.3 Design and development of products and services ..............................................................................................11 8.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................11 8.3.2 Design and development planning ................................................................................................................11 8.3.3 Design and development inputs ......................................................................................................................11 8.3.4 Design and development controls .................................................................................................................12 8.3.5 Design and development outputs ..................................................................................................................12 8.3.6 Design and development changes ..................................................................................................................12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iiiISO 9001:2015(E) 8.4 Control of externally provided processes, products and services ...........................................................13 8.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................13 8.4.2 Type and extent of control ....................................................................................................................................13 8.4.3 Information for external providers ...............................................................................................................13 8.5 Production and service provision ........................................................................................................................................14 8.5.1 Control of production and service provision ........................................................................................14 8.5.2 Identification and traceability ...........................................................................................................................14 8.5.3 Property belonging to customers or external providers ............................................................15 8.5.4 Preservation ......................................................................................................................................................................15 8.5.5 Post-delivery activities ............................................................................................................................................15 8.5.6 Control of changes .......................................................................................................................................................15 8.6 Release of products and services .........................................................................................................................................15 8.7 Control of nonconforming outputs .....................................................................................................................................16 9 Performance evaluation ............................................................................................................................................................................16 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation ............................................................................................16 9.1.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................16 9.1.2 Customer satisfaction ...............................................................................................................................................17 9.1.3 Analysis and evaluation ..........................................................................................................................................17 9.2 Internal audit .........................................................................................................................................................................................17 9.3 Management review ........................................................................................................................................................................18 9.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................18 9.3.2 Management review inputs .................................................................................................................................18 9.3.3 Management review outputs .............................................................................................................................18 10 Improvement .........................................................................................................................................................................................................19 10.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................19 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action ..............................................................................................................................19 10.3 Continual improvement ...............................................................................................................................................................19 Annex A (informative) Clarification of new structure, terminology and concepts ............................................21 Annex B (informative) Other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems developed by ISO/TC 176 .............................................................................................................25 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................28 iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html. The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 176, Quality management and quality assurance, Subcommittee SC 2, Quality systems. This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 9001:2008), which has been technically revised, through the adoption of a revised clause sequence and the adaptation of the revised quality management principles and of new concepts. It also cancels and replaces the Technical Corrigendum ISO 9001:2008/Cor.1:2009. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v - - - n is permitted.ISO 9001:2015(E) Introduction 0.1 General The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives. The potential benefits to an organization of implementing a quality management system based on this International Standard are: a) the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; b) facilitating opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction; c) addressing risks and opportunities associated with its context and objectives; d) the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements. This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties. It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply the need for: — uniformity in the structure of different quality management systems; — alignment of documentation to the clause structure of this International Standard; — the use of the specific terminology of this International Standard within the organization. The quality management system requirements specified in this International Standard are complementary to requirements for products and services. This International Standard employs the process approach, which incorporates the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking. The process approach enables an organization to plan its processes and their interactions. The PDCA cycle enables an organization to ensure that its processes are adequately resourced and managed, and that opportunities for improvement are determined and acted on. Risk-based thinking enables an organization to determine the factors that could cause its processes and its quality management system to deviate from the planned results, to put in place preventive controls to minimize negative effects and to make maximum use of opportunities as they arise (see Clause A.4). Consistently meeting requirements and addressing future needs and expectations poses a challenge for organizations in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. To achieve this objective, the organization might find it necessary to adopt various forms of improvement in addition to correction and continual improvement, such as breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization. In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used: — “shall” indicates a requirement; — “should” indicates a recommendation; — “may” indicates a permission; — “can” indicates a possibility or a capability. Information marked as “NOTE” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement. vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved s permitted.ISO 9001:2015(E) 0.2 Quality management principles This International Standard is based on the quality management principles described in ISO 9000. The descriptions include a statement of each principle, a rationale of why the principle is important for the organization, some examples of benefits associated with the principle and examples of typical actions to improve the organization’s performance when applying the principle. The quality management principles are: — customer focus; — leadership; — engagement of people; — process approach; — improvement; — evidence-based decision making; — relationship management. 0.3 Process approach 0.3.1 General This International Standard promotes the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements. Specific requirements considered essential to the adoption of a process approach are included in 4.4. Understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organization’s effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its intended results. This approach enables the organization to control the interrelationships and interdependencies among the processes of the system, so that the overall performance of the organization can be enhanced. The process approach involves the systematic definition and management of processes, and their interactions, so as to achieve the intended results in accordance with the quality policy and strategic direction of the organization. Management of the processes and the system as a whole can be achieved using the PDCA cycle (see 0.3.2) with an overall focus on risk-based thinking (see 0.3.3) aimed at taking advantage of opportunities and preventing undesirable results. The application of the process approach in a quality management system enables: a) understanding and consistency in meeting requirements; b) the consideration of processes in terms of added value; c) the achievement of effective process performance; d) improvement of processes based on evaluation of data and information. Figure 1 gives a schematic representation of any process and shows the interaction of its elements. The monitoring and measuring check points, which are necessary for control, are specific to each process and will vary depending on the related risks. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved vii tted.ISO 9001:2015(E) Figure 1 — Schematic representation of the elements of a single process 0.3.2 Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle The PDCA cycle can be applied to all processes and to the quality management system as a whole. Figure 2 illustrates how Clauses 4 to 10 can be grouped in relation to the PDCA cycle. NOTE Numbers in brackets refer to the clauses in this International Standard. Figure 2 — Representation of the structure of this International Standard in the PDCA cycle viii © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) The PDCA cycle can be briefly described as follows: — Plan: establish the objectives of the system and its processes, and the resources needed to deliver results in accordance with customers’ requirements and the organization’s policies, and identify and address risks and opportunities; — Do: implement what was planned; — Check: monitor and (where applicable) measure processes and the resulting products and services against policies, objectives, requirements and planned activities, and report the results; — Act: take actions to improve performance, as necessary. 0.3.3 Risk-based thinking Risk-based thinking (see Clause A.4) is essential for achieving an effective quality management system. The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions of this International Standard including, for example, carrying out preventive action to eliminate potential nonconformities, analysing any nonconformities that do occur, and taking action to prevent recurrence that is appropriate for the effects of the nonconformity. To conform to the requirements of this International Standard, an organization needs to plan and implement actions to address risks and opportunities. Addressing both risks and opportunities establishes a basis for increasing the effectiveness of the quality management system, achieving improved results and preventing negative effects. Opportunities can arise as a result of a situation favourable to achieving an intended result, for example, a set of circumstances that allow the organization to attract customers, develop new products and services, reduce waste or improve productivity. Actions to address opportunities can also include consideration of associated risks. Risk is the effect of uncertainty and any such uncertainty can have positive or negative effects. A positive deviation arising from a risk can provide an opportunity, but not all positive effects of risk result in opportunities. 0.4 Relationship with other management system standards This International Standard applies the framework developed by ISO to improve alignment among its International Standards for management systems (see Clause A.1). This International Standard enables an organization to use the process approach, coupled with the PDCA cycle and risk-based thinking, to align or integrate its quality management system with the requirements of other management system standards. This International Standard relates to ISO 9000 and ISO 9004 as follows: — ISO 9000 Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary provides essential background for the proper understanding and implementation of this International Standard; — ISO 9004 Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach provides guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond the requirements of this International Standard. Annex B provides details of other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems that have been developed by ISO/TC 176. This International Standard does not include requirements specific to other management systems, such as those for environmental management, occupational health and safety management, or financial management. Sector-specific quality management system standards based on the requirements of this International Standard have been developed for a number of sectors. Some of these standards specify additional quality management system requirements, while others are limited to providing guidance to the application of this International Standard within the particular sector. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved ixISO 9001:2015(E) A matrix showing the correlation between the clauses of this edition of this International Standard and the previous edition (ISO 9001:2008) can be found on the ISO/TC 176/SC 2 open access web site at: www.iso.org/tc176/sc02/public. x © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 9001:2015(E) Quality management systems — Requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies requirements for a quality management system when an organization: a) needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and b) aims to enhance customer satisfaction through the effective application of the system, including processes for improvement of the system and the assurance of conformity to customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements. All the requirements of this International Standard are generic and are intended to be applicable to any organization, regardless of its type or size, or the products and services it provides. NOTE 1 In this International Standard, the terms “product” or “service” only apply to products and services intended for, or required by, a customer. NOTE 2 Statutory and regulatory requirements can be expressed as legal requirements. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9000:2015, Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 9000:2015 apply. 4 Context of the organization 4.1 Understanding the organization and its context The organization shall determine external and internal issues that are relevant to its purpose and its strategic direction and that affect its ability to achieve the intended result(s) of its quality management system. The organization shall monitor and review information about these external and internal issues. NOTE 1 Issues can include positive and negative factors or conditions for consideration. NOTE 2 Understanding the external context can be facilitated by considering issues arising from legal, technological, competitive, market, cultural, social and economic environments, whether international, national, regional or local. NOTE 3 Understanding the internal context can be facilitated by considering issues related to values, culture, knowledge and performance of the organization. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1 .ISO 9001:2015(E) 4.2 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties Due to their effect or potential effect on the organization’s ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, the organization shall determine: a) the interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system; b) the requirements of these interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system. The organization shall monitor and review information about these interested parties and their relevant requirements. 4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the quality management system to establish its scope. When determining this scope, the organization shall consider: a) the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1; b) the requirements of relevant interested parties referred to in 4.2; c) the products and services of the organization. The organization shall apply all the requirements of this International Standard if they are applicable within the determined scope of its quality management system. The scope of the organization’s quality management system shall be available and be maintained as documented information. The scope shall state the types of products and services covered, and provide justification for any requirement of this International Standard that the organization determines is not applicable to the scope of its quality management system. Conformity to this International Standard may only be claimed if the requirements determined as not being applicable do not affect the organization’s ability or responsibility to ensure the conformity of its products and services and the enhancement of customer satisfaction. 4.4 Quality management system and its processes 4.4.1 The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve a quality management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard. The organization shall determine the processes needed for the quality management system and their application throughout the organization, and shall: a) determine the inputs required and the outputs expected from these processes; b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes; c) determine and apply the criteria and methods (including monitoring, measurements and related performance indicators) needed to ensure the effective operation and control of these processes; d) determine the resources needed for these processes and ensure their availability; e) assign the responsibilities and authorities for these processes; f) address the risks and opportunities as determined in accordance with the requirements of 6.1; g) evaluate these processes and implement any changes needed to ensure that these processes achieve their intended results; 2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) h) improve the processes and the quality management system. 4.4.2 To the extent necessary, the organization shall: a) maintain documented information to support the operation of its processes; b) retain documented information to have confidence that the processes are being carried out as planned. 5 Leadership 5.1 Leadership and commitment 5.1.1 General Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the quality management system by: a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the quality management system; b) ensuring that the quality policy and quality objectives are established for the quality management system and are compatible with the context and strategic direction of the organization; c) ensuring the integration of the quality management system requirements into the organization’s business processes; d) promoting the use of the process approach and risk-based thinking; e) ensuring that the resources needed for the quality management system are available; f) communicating the importance of effective quality management and of conforming to the quality management system requirements; g) ensuring that the quality management system achieves its intended results; h) engaging, directing and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the quality management system; i) promoting improvement; j) supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility. NOTE Reference to “business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organization’s existence, whether the organization is public, private, for profit or not for profit. 5.1.2 Customer focus Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to customer focus by ensuring that: a) customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements are determined, understood and consistently met; b) the risks and opportunities that can affect conformity of products and services and the ability to enhance customer satisfaction are determined and addressed; c) the focus on enhancing customer satisfaction is maintained. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3ISO 9001:2015(E) 5.2 Policy 5.2.1 Establishing the quality policy Top management shall establish, implement and maintain a quality policy that: a) is appropriate to the purpose and context of the organization and supports its strategic direction; b) provides a framework for setting quality objectives; c) includes a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements; d) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the quality management system. 5.2.2 Communicating the quality policy The quality policy shall: a) be available and be maintained as documented information; b) be communicated, understood and applied within the organization; c) be available to relevant interested parties, as appropriate. 5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities Top management shall ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned, communicated and understood within the organization. Top management shall assign the responsibility and authority for: a) ensuring that the quality management system conforms to the requirements of this International Standard; b) ensuring that the processes are delivering their intended outputs; c) reporting on the performance of the quality management system and on opportunities for improvement (see 10.1), in particular to top management; d) ensuring the promotion of customer focus throughout the organization; e) ensuring that the integrity of the quality management system is maintained when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented. 6 Planning 6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities 6.1.1 When planning for the quality management system, the organization shall consider the issues referred to in 4.1 and the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed to: a) give assurance that the quality management system can achieve its intended result(s); b) enhance desirable effects; c) prevent, or reduce, undesired effects; d) achieve improvement. 4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 6.1.2 The organization shall plan: a) actions to address these risks and opportunities; b) how to: 1) integrate and implement the actions into its quality management system processes (see 4.4); 2) evaluate the effectiveness of these actions. Actions taken to address risks and opportunities shall be proportionate to the potential impact on the conformity of products and services. NOTE 1 Options to address risks can include avoiding risk, taking risk in order to pursue an opportunity, eliminating the risk source, changing the likelihood or consequences, sharing the risk, or retaining risk by informed decision. NOTE 2 Opportunities can lead to the adoption of new practices, launching new products, opening new markets, addressing new customers, building partnerships, using new technology and other desirable and viable possibilities to address the organization’s or its customers’ needs. 6.2 Quality objectives and planning to achieve them 6.2.1 The organization shall establish quality objectives at relevant functions, levels and processes needed for the quality management system. The quality objectives shall: a) be consistent with the quality policy; b) be measurable; c) take into account applicable requirements; d) be relevant to conformity of products and services and to enhancement of customer satisfaction; e) be monitored; f) be communicated; g) be updated as appropriate. The organization shall maintain documented information on the quality objectives. 6.2.2 When planning how to achieve its quality objectives, the organization shall determine: a) what will be done; b) what resources will be required; c) who will be responsible; d) when it will be completed; e) how the results will be evaluated. 6.3 Planning of changes When the organization determines the need for changes to the quality management system, the changes shall be carried out in a planned manner (see 4.4). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 5ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall consider: a) the purpose of the changes and their potential consequences; b) the integrity of the quality management system; c) the availability of resources; d) the allocation or reallocation of responsibilities and authorities. 7 Support 7.1 Resources 7.1.1 General The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the quality management system. The organization shall consider: a) the capabilities of, and constraints on, existing internal resources; b) what needs to be obtained from external providers. 7.1.2 People The organization shall determine and provide the persons necessary for the effective implementation of its quality management system and for the operation and control of its processes. 7.1.3 Infrastructure The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the infrastructure necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. NOTE Infrastructure can include: a) buildings and associated utilities; b) equipment, including hardware and software; c) transportation resources; d) information and communication technology. 7.1.4 Environment for the operation of processes The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the environment necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. NOTE A suitable environment can be a combination of human and physical factors, such as: a) social (e.g. non-discriminatory, calm, non-confrontational); b) psychological (e.g. stress-reducing, burnout prevention, emotionally protective); c) physical (e.g. temperature, heat, humidity, light, airflow, hygiene, noise). These factors can differ substantially depending on the products and services provided. 6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources 7.1.5.1 General The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed to ensure valid and reliable results when monitoring or measuring is used to verify the conformity of products and services to requirements. The organization shall ensure that the resources provided: a) are suitable for the specific type of monitoring and measurement activities being undertaken; b) are maintained to ensure their continuing fitness for their purpose. The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of fitness for purpose of the monitoring and measurement resources. 7.1.5.2 Measurement traceability When measurement traceability is a requirement, or is considered by the organization to be an essential part of providing confidence in the validity of measurement results, measuring equipment shall be: a) calibrated or verified, or both, at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards; when no such standards exist, the basis used for calibration or verification shall be retained as documented information; b) identified in order to determine their status; c) safeguarded from adjustments, damage or deterioration that would invalidate the calibration status and subsequent measurement results. The organization shall determine if the validity of previous measurement results has been adversely affected when measuring equipment is found to be unfit for its intended purpose, and shall take appropriate action as necessary. 7.1.6 Organizational knowledge The organization shall determine the knowledge necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services. This knowledge shall be maintained and be made available to the extent necessary. When addressing changing needs and trends, the organization shall consider its current knowledge and determine how to acquire or access any necessary additional knowledge and required updates. NOTE 1 Organizational knowledge is knowledge specific to the organization; it is generally gained by experience. It is information that is used and shared to achieve the organization’s objectives. NOTE 2 Organizational knowledge can be based on: a) internal sources (e.g. intellectual property; knowledge gained from experience; lessons learned from failures and successful projects; capturing and sharing undocumented knowledge and experience; the results of improvements in processes, products and services); b) external sources (e.g. standards; academia; conferences; gathering knowledge from customers or external providers). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 7ISO 9001:2015(E) 7.2 Competence The organization shall: a) determine the necessary competence of person(s) doing work under its control that affects the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system; b) ensure that these persons are competent on the basis of appropriate education, training, or experience; c) where applicable, take actions to acquire the necessary competence, and evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken; d) retain appropriate documented information as evidence of competence. NOTE Applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring of, or the re- assignment of currently employed persons; or the hiring or contracting of competent persons. 7.3 Awareness The organization shall ensure that persons doing work under the organization’s control are aware of: a) the quality policy; b) relevant quality objectives; c) their contribution to the effectiveness of the quality management system, including the benefits of improved performance; d) the implications of not conforming with the quality management system requirements. 7.4 Communication The organization shall determine the internal and external communications relevant to the quality management system, including: a) on what it will communicate; b) when to communicate; c) with whom to communicate; d) how to communicate; e) who communicates. 7.5 Documented information 7.5.1 General The organization’s quality management system shall include: a) documented information required by this International Standard; b) documented information determined by the organization as being necessary for the effectiveness of the quality management system. NOTE The extent of documented information for a quality management system can differ from one organization to another due to: — the size of organization and its type of activities, processes, products and services; 8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) — the complexity of processes and their interactions; — the competence of persons. 7.5.2 Creating and updating When creating and updating documented information, the organization shall ensure appropriate: a) identification and description (e.g. a title, date, author, or reference number); b) format (e.g. language, software version, graphics) and media (e.g. paper, electronic); c) review and approval for suitability and adequacy. 7.5.3 Control of documented information 7.5.3.1 Documented information required by the quality management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled to ensure: a) it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed; b) it is adequately protected (e.g. from loss of confidentiality, improper use, or loss of integrity). 7.5.3.2 For the control of documented information, the organization shall address the following activities, as applicable: a) distribution, access, retrieval and use; b) storage and preservation, including preservation of legibility; c) control of changes (e.g. version control); d) retention and disposition. Documented information of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the quality management system shall be identified as appropriate, and be controlled. Documented information retained as evidence of conformity shall be protected from unintended alterations. NOTE Access can imply a decision regarding the permission to view the documented information only, or the permission and authority to view and change the documented information. 8 Operation 8.1 Operational planning and control The organization shall plan, implement and control the processes (see 4.4) needed to meet the requirements for the provision of products and services, and to implement the actions determined in Clause 6, by: a) determining the requirements for the products and services; b) establishing criteria for: 1) the processes; 2) the acceptance of products and services; c) determining the resources needed to achieve conformity to the product and service requirements; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 9ISO 9001:2015(E) d) implementing control of the processes in accordance with the criteria; e) determining, maintaining and retaining documented information to the extent necessary: 1) to have confidence that the processes have been carried out as planned; 2) to demonstrate the conformity of products and services to their requirements. The output of this planning shall be suitable for the organization’s operations. The organization shall control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary. The organization shall ensure that outsourced processes are controlled (see 8.4). 8.2 Requirements for products and services 8.2.1 Customer communication Communication with customers shall include: a) providing information relating to products and services; b) handling enquiries, contracts or orders, including changes; c) obtaining customer feedback relating to products and services, including customer complaints; d) handling or controlling customer property; e) establishing specific requirements for contingency actions, when relevant. 8.2.2 Determining the requirements for products and services When determining the requirements for the products and services to be offered to customers, the organization shall ensure that: a) the requirements for the products and services are defined, including: 1) any applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; 2) those considered necessary by the organization; b) the organization can meet the claims for the products and services it offers. 8.2.3 Review of the requirements for products and services 8.2.3.1 The organization shall ensure that it has the ability to meet the requirements for products and services to be offered to customers. The organization shall conduct a review before committing to supply products and services to a customer, to include: a) requirements specified by the customer, including the requirements for delivery and post- delivery activities; b) requirements not stated by the customer, but necessary for the specified or intended use, when known; c) requirements specified by the organization; d) statutory and regulatory requirements applicable to the products and services; e) contract or order requirements differing from those previously expressed. 10 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall ensure that contract or order requirements differing from those previously defined are resolved. The customer’s requirements shall be confirmed by the organization before acceptance, when the customer does not provide a documented statement of their requirements. NOTE In some situations, such as internet sales, a formal review is impractical for each order. Instead, the review can cover relevant product information, such as catalogues. 8.2.3.2 The organization shall retain documented information, as applicable: a) on the results of the review; b) on any new requirements for the products and services. 8.2.4 Changes to requirements for products and services The organization shall ensure that relevant documented information is amended, and that relevant persons are made aware of the changed requirements, when the requirements for products and services are changed. 8.3 Design and development of products and services 8.3.1 General The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a design and development process that is appropriate to ensure the subsequent provision of products and services. 8.3.2 Design and development planning In determining the stages and controls for design and development, the organization shall consider: a) the nature, duration and complexity of the design and development activities; b) the required process stages, including applicable design and development reviews; c) the required design and development verification and validation activities; d) the responsibilities and authorities involved in the design and development process; e) the internal and external resource needs for the design and development of products and services; f) the need to control interfaces between persons involved in the design and development process; g) the need for involvement of customers and users in the design and development process; h) the requirements for subsequent provision of products and services; i) the level of control expected for the design and development process by customers and other relevant interested parties; j) the documented information needed to demonstrate that design and development requirements have been met. 8.3.3 Design and development inputs The organization shall determine the requirements essential for the specific types of products and services to be designed and developed. The organization shall consider: a) functional and performance requirements; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 11 .ISO 9001:2015(E) b) information derived from previous similar design and development activities; c) statutory and regulatory requirements; d) standards or codes of practice that the organization has committed to implement; e) potential consequences of failure due to the nature of the products and services. Inputs shall be adequate for design and development purposes, complete and unambiguous. Conflicting design and development inputs shall be resolved. The organization shall retain documented information on design and development inputs. 8.3.4 Design and development controls The organization shall apply controls to the design and development process to ensure that: a) the results to be achieved are defined; b) reviews are conducted to evaluate the ability of the results of design and development to meet requirements; c) verification activities are conducted to ensure that the design and development outputs meet the input requirements; d) validation activities are conducted to ensure that the resulting products and services meet the requirements for the specified application or intended use; e) any necessary actions are taken on problems determined during the reviews, or verification and validation activities; f) documented information of these activities is retained. NOTE Design and development reviews, verification and validation have distinct purposes. They can be conducted separately or in any combination, as is suitable for the products and services of the organization. 8.3.5 Design and development outputs The organization shall ensure that design and development outputs: a) meet the input requirements; b) are adequate for the subsequent processes for the provision of products and services; c) include or reference monitoring and measuring requirements, as appropriate, and acceptance criteria; d) specify the characteristics of the products and services that are essential for their intended purpose and their safe and proper provision. The organization shall retain documented information on design and development outputs. 8.3.6 Design and development changes The organization shall identify, review and control changes made during, or subsequent to, the design and development of products and services, to the extent necessary to ensure that there is no adverse impact on conformity to requirements. The organization shall retain documented information on: a) design and development changes; b) the results of reviews; 12 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) c) the authorization of the changes; d) the actions taken to prevent adverse impacts. 8.4 Control of externally provided processes, products and services 8.4.1 General The organization shall ensure that externally provided processes, products and services conform to requirements. The organization shall determine the controls to be applied to externally provided processes, products and services when: a) products and services from external providers are intended for incorporation into the organization’s own products and services; b) products and services are provided directly to the customer(s) by external providers on behalf of the organization; c) a process, or part of a process, is provided by an external provider as a result of a decision by the organization. The organization shall determine and apply criteria for the evaluation, selection, monitoring of performance, and re-evaluation of external providers, based on their ability to provide processes or products and services in accordance with requirements. The organization shall retain documented information of these activities and any necessary actions arising from the evaluations. 8.4.2 Type and extent of control The organization shall ensure that externally provided processes, products and services do not adversely affect the organization’s ability to consistently deliver conforming products and services to its customers. The organization shall: a) ensure that externally provided processes remain within the control of its quality management system; b) define both the controls that it intends to apply to an external provider and those it intends to apply to the resulting output; c) take into consideration: 1) the potential impact of the externally provided processes, products and services on the organization’s ability to consistently meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements; 2) the effectiveness of the controls applied by the external provider; d) determine the verification, or other activities, necessary to ensure that the externally provided processes, products and services meet requirements. 8.4.3 Information for external providers The organization shall ensure the adequacy of requirements prior to their communication to the external provider. The organization shall communicate to external providers its requirements for: a) the processes, products and services to be provided; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 13ISO 9001:2015(E) b) the approval of: 1) products and services; 2) methods, processes and equipment; 3) the release of products and services; c) competence, including any required qualification of persons; d) the external providers’ interactions with the organization; e) control and monitoring of the external providers’ performance to be applied by the organization; f) verification or validation activities that the organization, or its customer, intends to perform at the external providers’ premises. 8.5 Production and service provision 8.5.1 Control of production and service provision The organization shall implement production and service provision under controlled conditions. Controlled conditions shall include, as applicable: a) the availability of documented information that defines: 1) the characteristics of the products to be produced, the services to be provided, or the activities to be performed; 2) the results to be achieved; b) the availability and use of suitable monitoring and measuring resources; c) the implementation of monitoring and measurement activities at appropriate stages to verify that criteria for control of processes or outputs, and acceptance criteria for products and services, have been met; d) the use of suitable infrastructure and environment for the operation of processes; e) the appointment of competent persons, including any required qualification; f) the validation, and periodic revalidation, of the ability to achieve planned results of the processes for production and service provision, where the resulting output cannot be verified by subsequent monitoring or measurement; g) the implementation of actions to prevent human error; h) the implementation of release, delivery and post-delivery activities. 8.5.2 Identification and traceability The organization shall use suitable means to identify outputs when it is necessary to ensure the conformity of products and services. The organization shall identify the status of outputs with respect to monitoring and measurement requirements throughout production and service provision. The organization shall control the unique identification of the outputs when traceability is a requirement, and shall retain the documented information necessary to enable traceability. 14 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 8.5.3 Property belonging to customers or external providers The organization shall exercise care with property belonging to customers or external providers while it is under the organization’s control or being used by the organization. The organization shall identify, verify, protect and safeguard customers’ or external providers’ property provided for use or incorporation into the products and services. When the property of a customer or external provider is lost, damaged or otherwise found to be unsuitable for use, the organization shall report this to the customer or external provider and retain documented information on what has occurred. NOTE A customer’s or external provider’s property can include materials, components, tools and equipment, premises, intellectual property and personal data. 8.5.4 Preservation The organization shall preserve the outputs during production and service provision, to the extent necessary to ensure conformity to requirements. NOTE Preservation can include identification, handling, contamination control, packaging, storage, transmission or transportation, and protection. 8.5.5 Post-delivery activities The organization shall meet requirements for post-delivery activities associated with the products and services. In determining the extent of post-delivery activities that are required, the organization shall consider: a) statutory and regulatory requirements; b) the potential undesired consequences associated with its products and services; c) the nature, use and intended lifetime of its products and services; d) customer requirements; e) customer feedback. NOTE Post-delivery activities can include actions under warranty provisions, contractual obligations such as maintenance services, and supplementary services such as recycling or final disposal. 8.5.6 Control of changes The organization shall review and control changes for production or service provision, to the extent necessary to ensure continuing conformity with requirements. The organization shall retain documented information describing the results of the review of changes, the person(s) authorizing the change, and any necessary actions arising from the review. 8.6 Release of products and services The organization shall implement planned arrangements, at appropriate stages, to verify that the product and service requirements have been met. The release of products and services to the customer shall not proceed until the planned arrangements have been satisfactorily completed, unless otherwise approved by a relevant authority and, as applicable, by the customer. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 15ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall retain documented information on the release of products and services. The documented information shall include: a) evidence of conformity with the acceptance criteria; b) traceability to the person(s) authorizing the release. 8.7 Control of nonconforming outputs 8.7.1 The organization shall ensure that outputs that do not conform to their requirements are identified and controlled to prevent their unintended use or delivery. The organization shall take appropriate action based on the nature of the nonconformity and its effect on the conformity of products and services. This shall also apply to nonconforming products and services detected after delivery of products, during or after the provision of services. The organization shall deal with nonconforming outputs in one or more of the following ways: a) correction; b) segregation, containment, return or suspension of provision of products and services; c) informing the customer; d) obtaining authorization for acceptance under concession. Conformity to the requirements shall be verified when nonconforming outputs are corrected. 8.7.2 The organization shall retain documented information that: a) describes the nonconformity; b) describes the actions taken; c) describes any concessions obtained; d) identifies the authority deciding the action in respect of the nonconformity. 9 Performance evaluation 9.1 Monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation 9.1.1 General The organization shall determine: a) what needs to be monitored and measured; b) the methods for monitoring, measurement, analysis and evaluation needed to ensure valid results; c) when the monitoring and measuring shall be performed; d) when the results from monitoring and measurement shall be analysed and evaluated. The organization shall evaluate the performance and the effectiveness of the quality management system. The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of the results. 16 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 9.1.2 Customer satisfaction The organization shall monitor customers’ perceptions of the degree to which their needs and expectations have been fulfilled. The organization shall determine the methods for obtaining, monitoring and reviewing this information. NOTE Examples of monitoring customer perceptions can include customer surveys, customer feedback on delivered products and services, meetings with customers, market-share analysis, compliments, warranty claims and dealer reports. 9.1.3 Analysis and evaluation The organization shall analyse and evaluate appropriate data and information arising from monitoring and measurement. The results of analysis shall be used to evaluate: a) conformity of products and services; b) the degree of customer satisfaction; c) the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system; d) if planning has been implemented effectively; e) the effectiveness of actions taken to address risks and opportunities; f) the performance of external providers; g) the need for improvements to the quality management system. NOTE Methods to analyse data can include statistical techniques. 9.2 Internal audit 9.2.1 The organization shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the quality management system: a) conforms to: 1) the organization’s own requirements for its quality management system; 2) the requirements of this International Standard; b) is effectively implemented and maintained. 9.2.2 The organization shall: a) plan, establish, implement and maintain an audit programme(s) including the frequency, methods, responsibilities, planning requirements and reporting, which shall take into consideration the importance of the processes concerned, changes affecting the organization, and the results of previous audits; b) define the audit criteria and scope for each audit; c) select auditors and conduct audits to ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process; d) ensure that the results of the audits are reported to relevant management; e) take appropriate correction and corrective actions without undue delay; © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 17ISO 9001:2015(E) f) retain documented information as evidence of the implementation of the audit programme and the audit results. NOTE See ISO 19011 for guidance. 9.3 Management review 9.3.1 General Top management shall review the organization’s quality management system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy, effectiveness and alignment with the strategic direction of the organization. 9.3.2 Management review inputs The management review shall be planned and carried out taking into consideration: a) the status of actions from previous management reviews; b) changes in external and internal issues that are relevant to the quality management system; c) information on the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system, including trends in: 1) customer satisfaction and feedback from relevant interested parties; 2) the extent to which quality objectives have been met; 3) process performance and conformity of products and services; 4) nonconformities and corrective actions; 5) monitoring and measurement results; 6) audit results; 7) the performance of external providers; d) the adequacy of resources; e) the effectiveness of actions taken to address risks and opportunities (see 6.1); f) opportunities for improvement. 9.3.3 Management review outputs The outputs of the management review shall include decisions and actions related to: a) opportunities for improvement; b) any need for changes to the quality management system; c) resource needs. The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of the results of management reviews. 18 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) 10 Improvement 10.1 General The organization shall determine and select opportunities for improvement and implement any necessary actions to meet customer requirements and enhance customer satisfaction. These shall include: a) improving products and services to meet requirements as well as to address future needs and expectations; b) correcting, preventing or reducing undesired effects; c) improving the performance and effectiveness of the quality management system. NOTE Examples of improvement can include correction, corrective action, continual improvement, breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization. 10.2 Nonconformity and corrective action 10.2.1 When a nonconformity occurs, including any arising from complaints, the organization shall: a) react to the nonconformity and, as applicable: 1) take action to control and correct it; 2) deal with the consequences; b) evaluate the need for action to eliminate the cause(s) of the nonconformity, in order that it does not recur or occur elsewhere, by: 1) reviewing and analysing the nonconformity; 2) determining the causes of the nonconformity; 3) determining if similar nonconformities exist, or could potentially occur; c) implement any action needed; d) review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken; e) update risks and opportunities determined during planning, if necessary; f) make changes to the quality management system, if necessary. Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the effects of the nonconformities encountered. 10.2.2 The organization shall retain documented information as evidence of: a) the nature of the nonconformities and any subsequent actions taken; b) the results of any corrective action. 10.3 Continual improvement The organization shall continually improve the suitability, adequacy and effectiveness of the quality management system. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 19ISO 9001:2015(E) The organization shall consider the results of analysis and evaluation, and the outputs from management review, to determine if there are needs or opportunities that shall be addressed as part of continual improvement. 20 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Annex A (informative) Clarification of new structure, terminology and concepts A.1 Structure and terminology The clause structure (i.e. clause sequence) and some of the terminology of this edition of this International Standard, in comparison with the previous edition (ISO 9001:2008), have been changed to improve alignment with other management systems standards. There is no requirement in this International Standard for its structure and terminology to be applied to the documented information of an organization’s quality management system. The structure of clauses is intended to provide a coherent presentation of requirements, rather than a model for documenting an organization’s policies, objectives and processes. The structure and content of documented information related to a quality management system can often be more relevant to its users if it relates to both the processes operated by the organization and information maintained for other purposes. There is no requirement for the terms used by an organization to be replaced by the terms used in this International Standard to specify quality management system requirements. Organizations can choose to use terms which suit their operations (e.g. using “records”, “documentation” or “protocols” rather than “documented information”; or “supplier”, “partner” or “vendor” rather than “external provider”). Table A.1 shows the major differences in terminology between this edition of this International Standard and the previous edition. Table A.1 — Major differences in terminology between ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 9001:2015 ISO 9001:2008 ISO 9001:2015 Products Products and services Exclusions Not used (See Clause A.5 for clarification of applicability) Management representative Not used (Similar responsibilities and authorities are assigned but no requirement for a single management repre- sentative) Documentation, quality manual, documented pro- Documented information cedures, records Work environment Environment for the operation of processes Monitoring and measuring equipment Monitoring and measuring resources Purchased product Externally provided products and services Supplier External provider A.2 Products and services ISO 9001:2008 used the term “product” to include all output categories. This edition of this International Standard uses “products and services”. “Products and services” include all output categories (hardware, services, software and processed materials). © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 21ISO 9001:2015(E) The specific inclusion of “services” is intended to highlight the differences between products and services in the application of some requirements. The characteristic of services is that at least part of the output is realized at the interface with the customer. This means, for example, that conformity to requirements cannot necessarily be confirmed before service delivery. In most cases, products and services are used together. Most outputs that organizations provide to customers, or are supplied to them by external providers, include both products and services. For example, a tangible or intangible product can have some associated service or a service can have some associated tangible or intangible product. A.3 Understanding the needs and expectations of interested parties Subclause 4.2 specifies requirements for the organization to determine the interested parties that are relevant to the quality management system and the requirements of those interested parties. However, 4.2 does not imply extension of quality management system requirements beyond the scope of this International Standard. As stated in the scope, this International Standard is applicable where an organization needs to demonstrate its ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements, and aims to enhance customer satisfaction. There is no requirement in this International Standard for the organization to consider interested parties where it has decided that those parties are not relevant to its quality management system. It is for the organization to decide if a particular requirement of a relevant interested party is relevant to its quality management system. A.4 Risk-based thinking The concept of risk-based thinking has been implicit in previous editions of this International Standard, e.g. through requirements for planning, review and improvement. This International Standard specifies requirements for the organization to understand its context (see 4.1) and determine risks as a basis for planning (see 6.1). This represents the application of risk-based thinking to planning and implementing quality management system processes (see 4.4) and will assist in determining the extent of documented information. One of the key purposes of a quality management system is to act as a preventive tool. Consequently, this International Standard does not have a separate clause or subclause on preventive action. The concept of preventive action is expressed through the use of risk-based thinking in formulating quality management system requirements. The risk-based thinking applied in this International Standard has enabled some reduction in prescriptive requirements and their replacement by performance-based requirements. There is greater flexibility than in ISO 9001:2008 in the requirements for processes, documented information and organizational responsibilities. Although 6.1 specifies that the organization shall plan actions to address risks, there is no requirement for formal methods for risk management or a documented risk management process. Organizations can decide whether or not to develop a more extensive risk management methodology than is required by this International Standard, e.g. through the application of other guidance or standards. Not all the processes of a quality management system represent the same level of risk in terms of the organization’s ability to meet its objectives, and the effects of uncertainty are not the same for all organizations. Under the requirements of 6.1, the organization is responsible for its application of risk- based thinking and the actions it takes to address risk, including whether or not to retain documented information as evidence of its determination of risks. 22 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) A.5 Applicability This International Standard does not refer to “exclusions” in relation to the applicability of its requirements to the organization’s quality management system. However, an organization can review the applicability of requirements due to the size or complexity of the organization, the management model it adopts, the range of the organization’s activities and the nature of the risks and opportunities it encounters. The requirements for applicability are addressed in 4.3, which defines conditions under which an organization can decide that a requirement cannot be applied to any of the processes within the scope of its quality management system. The organization can only decide that a requirement is not applicable if its decision will not result in failure to achieve conformity of products and services. A.6 Documented information As part of the alignment with other management system standards, a common clause on “documented information” has been adopted without significant change or addition (see 7.5). Where appropriate, text elsewhere in this International Standard has been aligned with its requirements. Consequently, “documented information” is used for all document requirements. Where ISO 9001:2008 used specific terminology such as “document” or “documented procedures”, “quality manual” or “quality plan”, this edition of this International Standard defines requirements to “maintain documented information”. Where ISO 9001:2008 used the term “records” to denote documents needed to provide evidence of conformity with requirements, this is now expressed as a requirement to “retain documented information”. The organization is responsible for determining what documented information needs to be retained, the period of time for which it is to be retained and the media to be used for its retention. A requirement to “maintain” documented information does not exclude the possibility that the organization might also need to “retain” that same documented information for a particular purpose, e.g. to retain previous versions of it. Where this International Standard refers to “information” rather than “documented information” (e.g. in 4.1: “The organization shall monitor and review the information about these external and internal issues”), there is no requirement that this information is to be documented. In such situations, the organization can decide whether or not it is necessary or appropriate to maintain documented information. A.7 Organizational knowledge In 7.1.6, this International Standard addresses the need to determine and manage the knowledge maintained by the organization, to ensure the operation of its processes and that it can achieve conformity of products and services. Requirements regarding organizational knowledge were introduced for the purpose of: a) safeguarding the organization from loss of knowledge, e.g. — through staff turnover; — failure to capture and share information; b) encouraging the organization to acquire knowledge, e.g. — learning from experience; — mentoring; — benchmarking. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 23ISO 9001:2015(E) A.8 Control of externally provided processes, products and services All forms of externally provided processes, products and services are addressed in 8.4, e.g. whether through: a) purchasing from a supplier; b) an arrangement with an associate company; c) outsourcing processes to an external provider. Outsourcing always has the essential characteristic of a service, since it will have at least one activity necessarily performed at the interface between the provider and the organization. The controls required for external provision can vary widely depending on the nature of the processes, products and services. The organization can apply risk-based thinking to determine the type and extent of controls appropriate to particular external providers and externally provided processes, products and services. 24 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) Annex B (informative) Other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems developed by ISO/TC 176 The International Standards described in this annex have been developed by ISO/TC 176 to provide supporting information for organizations that apply this International Standard, and to provide guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond its requirements. Guidance or requirements contained in the documents listed in this annex do not add to, or modify, the requirements of this International Standard. Table B.1 shows the relationship between these standards and the relevant clauses of this International Standard. This annex does not include reference to the sector-specific quality management system standards developed by ISO/TC 176. This International Standard is one of the three core standards developed by ISO/TC 176. — ISO 9000 Quality management systems — Fundamentals and vocabulary provides an essential background for the proper understanding and implementation of this International Standard. The quality management principles are described in detail in ISO 9000 and have been taken into consideration during the development of this International Standard. These principles are not requirements in themselves, but they form the foundation of the requirements specified by this International Standard. ISO 9000 also defines the terms, definitions and concepts used in this International Standard. — ISO 9001 (this International Standard) specifies requirements aimed primarily at giving confidence in the products and services provided by an organization and thereby enhancing customer satisfaction. Its proper implementation can also be expected to bring other organizational benefits, such as improved internal communication, better understanding and control of the organization’s processes. — ISO 9004 Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach provides guidance for organizations that choose to progress beyond the requirements of this International Standard, to address a broader range of topics that can lead to improvement of the organization’s overall performance. ISO 9004 includes guidance on a self-assessment methodology for an organization to be able to evaluate the level of maturity of its quality management system. The International Standards outlined below can provide assistance to organizations when they are establishing or seeking to improve their quality management systems, their processes or their activities. — ISO 10001 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations provides guidance to an organization in determining that its customer satisfaction provisions meet customer needs and expectations. Its use can enhance customer confidence in an organization and improve customer understanding of what to expect from an organization, thereby reducing the likelihood of misunderstandings and complaints. — ISO 10002 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations provides guidance on the process of handling complaints by recognizing and addressing the needs and expectations of complainants and resolving any complaints received. ISO 10002 provides an open, effective and easy-to-use complaints process, including training of people. It also provides guidance for small businesses. — ISO 10003 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations provides guidance for effective and efficient external dispute resolution for © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 25ISO 9001:2015(E) product-related complaints. Dispute resolution gives an avenue of redress when organizations do not remedy a complaint internally. Most complaints can be resolved successfully within the organization, without adversarial procedures. — ISO 10004 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for monitoring and measuring provides guidelines for actions to enhance customer satisfaction and to determine opportunities for improvement of products, processes and attributes that are valued by customers. Such actions can strengthen customer loyalty and help retain customers. — ISO 10005 Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality plans provides guidance on establishing and using quality plans as a means of relating requirements of the process, product, project or contract, to work methods and practices that support product realization. Benefits of establishing a quality plan are increased confidence that requirements will be met, that processes are in control and the motivation that this can give to those involved. — ISO 10006 Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality management in projects is applicable to projects from the small to large, from simple to complex, from an individual project to being part of a portfolio of projects. ISO 10006 is to be used by personnel managing projects and who need to ensure that their organization is applying the practices contained in the ISO quality management system standards. — ISO 10007 Quality management systems — Guidelines for configuration management is to assist organizations applying configuration management for the technical and administrative direction over the life cycle of a product. Configuration management can be used to meet the product identification and traceability requirements specified in this International Standard. — ISO 10008 Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for business-to-consumer electronic commerce transactions gives guidance on how organizations can implement an effective and efficient business-to-consumer electronic commerce transaction (B2C ECT) system, and thereby provide a basis for consumers to have increased confidence in B2C ECTs, enhance the ability of organizations to satisfy consumers and help reduce complaints and disputes. — ISO 10012 Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment provides guidance for the management of measurement processes and metrological confirmation of measuring equipment used to support and demonstrate compliance with metrological requirements. ISO 10012 provides quality management criteria for a measurement management system to ensure metrological requirements are met. — ISO/TR 10013 Guidelines for quality management system documentation provides guidelines for the development and maintenance of the documentation necessary for a quality management system. ISO/TR 10013 can be used to document management systems other than those of the ISO quality management system standards, e.g. environmental management systems and safety management systems. — ISO 10014 Quality management — Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits is addressed to top management. It provides guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits through the application of quality management principles. It facilitates application of management principles and selection of methods and tools that enable the sustainable success of an organization. — ISO 10015 Quality management — Guidelines for training provides guidelines to assist organizations in addressing issues related to training. ISO 10015 can be applied whenever guidance is required to interpret references to “education” and “training” within the ISO quality management system standards. Any reference to “training” includes all types of education and training. — ISO/TR 10017 Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000 explains statistical techniques which follow from the variability that can be observed in the behaviour and results of processes, even under conditions of apparent stability. Statistical techniques allow better use of available data to assist in decision making, and thereby help to continually improve the quality of products and processes to achieve customer satisfaction. 26 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) — ISO 10018 Quality management — Guidelines on people involvement and competence provides guidelines which influence people involvement and competence. A quality management system depends on the involvement of competent people and the way that they are introduced and integrated into the organization. It is critical to determine, develop and evaluate the knowledge, skills, behaviour and work environment required. — ISO 10019 Guidelines for the selection of quality management system consultants and use of their services provides guidance for the selection of quality management system consultants and the use of their services. It gives guidance on the process for evaluating the competence of a quality management system consultant and provides confidence that the organization’s needs and expectations for the consultant’s services will be met. — ISO 19011 Guidelines for auditing management systems provides guidance on the management of an audit programme, on the planning and conducting of an audit of a management system, as well as on the competence and evaluation of an auditor and an audit team. ISO 19011 is intended to apply to auditors, organizations implementing management systems, and organizations needing to conduct audits of management systems. Table B.1 — Relationship between other International Standards on quality management and quality management systems and the clauses of this International Standard Other Interna- Clause in this International Standard tional Standard 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ISO 9000 All All All All All All All ISO 9004 All All All All All All All ISO 10001 8.2.2, 8.5.1 9.1.2 ISO 10002 8.2.1, 9.1.2 10.2.1 ISO 10003 9.1.2 ISO 10004 9.1.2, 9.1.3 ISO 10005 5.3 6.1, 6.2 All All 9.1 10.2 ISO 10006 All All All All All All All ISO 10007 8.5.2 ISO 10008 All All All All All All All ISO 10012 7.1.5 ISO/TR 10013 7.5 ISO 10014 All All All All All All All ISO 10015 7.2 ISO/TR 10017 6.1 7.1.5 9.1 ISO 10018 All All All All All All All ISO 10019 8.4 ISO 19011 9.2 NOTE “All” indicates that all the subclauses in the specific clause of this International Standard are related to the other International Standard. © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 27ISO 9001:2015(E) Bibliography [1] ISO 9004, Managing for the sustained success of an organization — A quality management approach [2] ISO 10001, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for codes of conduct for organizations [3] ISO 10002, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for complaints handling in organizations [4] ISO 10003, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for dispute resolution external to organizations [5] ISO 10004, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for monitoring and measuring [6] ISO 10005, Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality plans [7] ISO 10006, Quality management systems — Guidelines for quality management in projects [8] ISO 10007, Quality management systems — Guidelines for configuration management [9] ISO 10008, Quality management — Customer satisfaction — Guidelines for business-to-consumer electronic commerce transactions [10] ISO 10012, Measurement management systems — Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment [11] ISO/TR 10013, Guidelines for quality management system documentation [12] ISO 10014, Quality management — Guidelines for realizing financial and economic benefits [13] ISO 10015, Quality management — Guidelines for training [14] ISO/TR 10017, Guidance on statistical techniques for ISO 9001:2000 [15] ISO 10018, Quality management — Guidelines on people involvement and competence [16] ISO 10019, Guidelines for the selection of quality management system consultants and use of their services [17] ISO 14001, Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use [18] ISO 19011, Guidelines for auditing management systems [19] ISO 31000, Risk management — Principles and guidelines [20] ISO 37500, Guidance on outsourcing [21] ISO/IEC 90003, Software engineering — Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2008 to computer software [22] IEC 60300-1, Dependability management — Part 1: Guidance for management and application [23] IEC 61160, Design review [24] Quality management principles, ISO1) [25] Selection and use of the ISO 9000 family of standards, ISO1) [26] ISO 9001 for Small Businesses — What to do, ISO1) 1) Available from website: http://www.iso.org. 28 © ISO 2015 – All rights reservedISO 9001:2015(E) [27] Integrated use of management system standards, ISO1) [28] www.iso.org/tc176/sc02/public [29] www.iso.org/tc176/ISO9001AuditingPracticesGroup © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 29ISO 9001:2015(E) ICS 03.120.10 Price based on 29 pages © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved tion or distribution is permitted.
14378.pdf	IS 14378:1996 Indian Standard TEXTILES - PAPER LAMINATED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE)/POLYPROPYLENE (PI?) BAGS FOR PACKING CEMENT - SPECIFICATI-ON ICS 55.080 ; 91.100.10 0 BIS 1996 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH iAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 September 1996 Price Group 2Textile Materials Made from Polyolefins (Excluding Cordage) Sectional Committee, TX 23 FOREWORD This Indian Staudard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Textile Materials Made from Polyolefins (Excluding Cordage) Sectional Committee had been approved by the Textile Division Council. This standard is based on the current manufacturing practices. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the tinal value observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value shall be the same as that of the-specified value in this standard.IS 14378 : 1996 Indian Standard TEXTILES - PAPER LAMINATED HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE),‘POLYPROPYLENE (PI?) BAGS FOR IQWU-NG CEMENT - SPECIFICATION I SCOPE 4.2 HDPE/PP Woven Fabric This standard prescribes the requirements for paper The HDPE/PP woven fabric shall be made from laminated HDPE/PP woven sacks suitable for packing monoaxially oriented HDPE/PP tapes of minimum 750 50 kg cement. denier (conforming to IS 6192 : 1994/lS 11197 : 1985). 2 REE’EXENCES 4.3 LDPEJPP Film The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are necessary LDPE/PP film of minimum coating mass of 25 g/m* adjuncts to this standard. and conforming to IS 2508 : 1984 shall be used br bonding_HDPE/PP woven fabrics with kraft paper or 3 TERMINOLOGY for laminating HDPE/PP fabric in case of glued bags. For the purpose of this standard, the following 5 MANUFACl’URE definitions sh%.Ua pply. 5.1 The kraft paper and HDPE/PP woven fabric as 3.1 Flat Sack details given in 4.1 and 4.2 shall bejoined together by A sack manufactured froma-flat paper lam&ted HDPW using LDPE/PP film as bonding medium. PP ~fabric or paner/HDPE or PP fabric laminated with Alternative&y, HDPE/PP fabric shall be laminated with LDPE, LLDPE or-PP film. LDPE!RP ftlm and track glued to kraft paper. The LDPW PP lamina.tion film shall be as prescribed in 4.3. The 3.2 G:nZC& bondi.ng/coating may be done by extrusion coating process. The fabric thws~~oduced shall be converted A fold inserted in the longitudinal edge of a tube or inb tube by joining two fabric edges by melt exrrnsionl sack. heat sealing process using LDPWPP of suitable grade. 3.3 Gu.sseted Sack 5.2 Style A sack manufactured from a gusseted tube. The sack shall be valve type, gusseted, sewn on top 3.4 Heat Sesling (Welding) and bottom~(see Fig.1). Joining together by application of heat. 5.3 Stitching 3.5 Valve 5.33 HDPE/PP or any other suitable thread having a minimum breaking load of 50 N when tested according Self closer opening provided for filling cement by to IS 1670 : 1991 shall be used for stitching the sacks. nozzle. The top and bottom of the sacks shall be stitched 3.6 Sewn Sack through folded over crepe kraft paper ribbon with one row of chain stitch. The stitching shall be at a minimum A sack closed at both ends by means of continuous distance of 15 mm from the edge of the sack. The &averse line of stitches. number of stitches per decimetre shall be between 10 and 12. 4 MATERIAL 6 REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Kraft Paper 6.1 Dimensions The kraft paper having mi.nimum substance of 70 g/m* and conforming to IS 1397 : 1990 for other The dimensions of the sacks shall be as agreed to requirements shall be used for lamination. between the buyer and the seller subject to the followingIS 14378 : 1996 tolerances: 6.2.1 The mass of sack shall be calculated as per A-2 of IS 1165 1 : 1586. a) Outside length of sack ( I ) +2.Ocm - l.Ocm 6.3 The sacks shall conform to other requirements given b) Outside width of sack ( w ) + l.Ocm in Table 1. - 0.5 cm 7 PACKING c) Width of gusset ( e ) Two hundred and fifty sacks or multiples thereof shall d) Size of valve + l.Ocm be packed to form the bale. The bale shall be formed i) Opening of the valve ( v ) - 0.5 cm using a layer of HDPE or PP woven fabric and suitably ii) Depth of the valve, Min (f) 1 secured. 8 MARKING 6.2 Mass 8.1 The sacks shall be marked with the information The mass of sack shall be calculated for the dimensions required by the buyer using suitable ink. agreed to between the buyer and the seller. However 8.2 BIS Certification Marking tolerance of +6 percent on the mass of an individual sack and +3 percent on mass of a bale of 250 sacks The bales containing HDPE/PP sacks may also be shall be applicable. marked with the Standard Mark. STIT C H LINE GUSSETED TYPE gn A- I +I t I--_______ I-- I f--L 8 I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! -i- - I _- -- -- -- __- __ __ __ __ __ _p: ____ __ -e--z =: n -_ T . / FIG. 1 VALVET VPEG USSEEDS ACK 2Table 1 Other Requirements for Paper Lamheated Sacks ( Clarjse 6.3 ) SI Ph. Characteristics Requirement Tolerance Method of Test (1) (2) (3) (1) (5) i) Ends per dm. Min 39.0 - IS 1963 : 1981 ii) Picks per dm. Min 39.0 iii) BrerE+ load of fabric taken from bag N, Min on 5.0 cm x 20.0 cm cut strip Widthwise 750 _ Is 1969 : 1985 (Modified grab test only) 700 _ Breaking load of lop or bottom 330 IS 9030 : 1979 seam, N, Min Breaking load of longitudinal 500 IS 1969 : 19x5 weldt>d seam. N. n4in (Modified grab text on!?) 8.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the 9.4 Number of Tests provisions of the Bureau oflndian Standards Act, 1986 The numher of sacks to be selected for testing and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The dimeJrhionS and mass of sacks shall be according to de&G!.<o f conditions under which the licence for the co13 of T&k 2. Equal number of sacks be selected us& of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers from each Ede. or producers may tx obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standxds. 9.4.1 The number of sacks to be select,ed for testing breaking load axi seam breaking load shall ht, two prr bale selected :iccclrtlis~c to CR! 2 &-Table 2. 9.1 ihc WC,F-\ of the same size and construction 9.5 criaer-ia 6x Cnnformity del~v?rcd tc\ a huver against one despatch note shal: con%titu!e a fQ?. 9.51 The lot shall he considered as conforming to the requirements if the following conditions are saf‘lst<ed: 9.2 The confo,rmity of the lot to the requirements of the strlndard ~h:xll he determined on the-basis of the a) The number of sacksnot meeting one or more test!: c:~r~ied out. on die sznnles selected from it. requirements in respect of dimensions, mass, ends and picks is less than or equal to 9.3 IJnles?; otherwise agreed to between the buyer and the corresponding acceptance number given the seller, tire number of bales to be selected at random in co1 4 of Table 2. from a lot shall be according to co1 1 and 2 of Table 2. Table 2 Sample Size ( Clauses 9.3, 9.4 and 9.5.1 ) No. of Bales in No. of Bales No. of Sacks to Permissible No. of the IAt to be Selected be Selected Defective Sacks (1) (2) (3) (4) 1 1 5 0 2 2 8 0 3 to 6 3 12 0 7 to 20 5 20 1 21 to 70 8 32 2 71 and above 13 52 3 3IS 14378 -. 1996 Rl The average breaking load values for all cj The average breaking load values for all the sacks under test for both widthhwise and the sacks under test for top seam, bottom lengthwise are not less than the specified seam and longitudinal welded seam are n.ot requirements. less than the specified requiremens. ANNEX A ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. lltle 1397 : 1990 Specification for kraft paper 2508 : 1984 Specification for low-density ( second revision ) polyethylene films ( second revision ) 1670 : 1991 Textiles ---Yarn - Determination of breaking load and elongation at 6192 : 1994 Textiles - Monoaxially oriented break of single strand ( second high density polyethylene tapes - revision) Specification ( second revision ) 1954 : 1990 Methods for determination of 9030: 1979 Method for determination of length and width of fabrics (second seam strength of jute fa.brics revision ) including their laminates. 1963 : 1981 Mcthnds for determination of 11197:1985 Specification for monoaxially threads ner unit length in woven oriented nolvnropylene tapes fabrics ( secnn~ revision ) 11651:1986 Specification for high density 1969 : 1985 Methods for determination of polyethylene ( HDPE )/ breaking load and elongation of polypropylene ( PP ) woven sacks woven textile fabrics (second coated with naper revision ) 4Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau oflndian StandardsAct, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users oflndian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards : Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. TXD 23 (0075 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDA~RDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones : 323 01 31, 323 94 02, 323 83 75 ( Common to all offices ) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar ‘Marg 323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110002 323 3841 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 3378499,3378561 CALCUTTA 700054 I 337 86 26, 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 { 60 20 25 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 c 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 I 8327891,8327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMB ATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed at New India Printing Press, Khuja. Indla
6441_9.pdf	IS:6441( Part IX)-1973 Indkm Standard (‘eamrm1“e”7) METHODS OF TESTS FOR AUTOCLAVE CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTS PART IX JOINTING OF AUTOCLAVE CELLULAR CONCRETE ELEMENTS (Second Reprint DECEMBER 1996) UDC 666.973,6:693.224 @ Copyright 1973 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFARMARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr Z juty 19731S: 6441 ( Part IX ) =1973 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR AUTOCLAVE” CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTS PART IX JOINTING OF AUTOCLAVE CELLULAR CONCRETE ELEMENTS Cement and Concrete SectionaI Committee, BDC 2 Chairman Reprrsmtin: DR H, CLVISVRSVARAYA Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi Members DR .4, S. BH.MXJRX Xationa? “rest House, Calcut~a SHRIE. K, RAiMACH.+NDRAN(Akrzo!t ) SHRIA. K. CSSATTERJ! Central Building Research Institute (CSIR ), Roorkec DR S.S.REHSI (Alkrnsrte) DIRECTOR -Centml Road Research Im.titute [CSIR ), New Delhi —W .—R. K. GHOSH (AMmsufe) DIRECTOR (C51(IRjS’ Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi ~EPUTY DSREOTOk @MRS ) (A&rrrsste) SSSRIK. H. GANGWAL Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products Ltd, ?i@derabad SmwK, C. GSSOSAL AIokudyog Services Ltd, New Delhi SHRSA.K.BrawAsAlternate) DR R. K. GSSOSX Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi DR R. R. HATTSASWADI Associated Oem ,,ent Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRtP.J. JAWS(A[tsrnute) Jo~~ i&~CSOR, ST ASDARDS Rewwzr~inoe.@s & Standards Organization, ~EPWSYDSREOTOR,SkANDARDS (B& S) (Aftsrnafe) %s1 S. B. Jossrr S. B.Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay Ssmr M. T. KANSE Directorate Gen@ of Supplies & Disposals SHRIS.L. KATSSURIA Roads Wing, .Mmlstry of Transport & Shipping SHRXS.R. KULKARNI M. N’.Dastur & Co (Prwate )Ltd, Calcutta SsssssM. A. MSSHTA Concrete Association of India, Bornbay SXRXO. MUTHASNK%N Central Public Works Department SWKERINTEHSSINECNJcsINxER, 2NDCSROLS(SAffsrsta&) (Continuedorrpa~e2,] @ Copyright1973 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is prot=$d under the fttdian COPYr%-h.IACI. (Xlv of 1957)and reproduction inwhole or sssWt bY?nY.~ans cxcePt with .wrmn permission of the publisher shall bedeemed to be an lnfrlngcment Ofcopyright under the said Act.IS: 6441 ( Part 1X ). 1973 (Contirrwffrnn page 1) Members. Rtprewnting Smtl ERAcHA. XA~IR9HA55 Institution ofEngineers (India), Calcutta SslRIK. K. W.fiii31A1t In personal capacity (‘ Ramamrlay ‘,11 First Crercmf ParkRoad,GzndilirragarA,~ar, Madras) BIW NAnEW I’RASA~ ?hgineer.in-chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters COL.J. M. TOLAXI(Altwurte) PROFG. S. RASSASWAMV Structural Engineering Research Cwrtre (CSIR ), Roorkw - DRN.S.13iiAL(Aker’=a)tt DR A. V. R. RAQ N’ationaI Bu;ldkgs Organization, New Delhi SHRTRAVE+DERLAL (Abrrctc ) SHRIG. S. M. RAO Gco!ogicaI Survey of India, Nagpur SJ+R1T. N. S. RAO Gammon India Ltd, Bombay &.rm S. 1{. Pr~HBmo (.,f~!ernc:c) SrXnSS~ARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, ?&w Delhi SHRI R. P. SHARM.4 Irrigation ancl Power Research Institute, Amritsar SNRI h’kJHIXDER SIXGH(A[’emafe) S1iRI G. B. Snmn Hindustarr Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI C. L. KAXIWAL (Mtwna!c ) SHRIj. S. SINGIIOTA Bcas Designs Organization, Nangal Township SNRI T, C. G.N?G (Aimrafe } SHRZR. K. .%sw... ‘ ‘ In&m Bureau ot’Mines, h’agpur SHRI K. A. SURISAMNAM India Cements Ltd, Madras SHR1I’.S. i<AlfiCHANDRAN ~.4@rrrale) SRRI L. SWAROOP Dalmia Cement (Bharat ) Ltd, h’ew Delhi Srssu A. V. R.JWANA(A!/~~naf~) SHRI D. AJtTss~ &Mi!A, Dircetor General, 1S1 (Ec-oficio Meml-.r) Director (Ctv Engg ) Secrtfary SHMY. R. TANEJA Deputy JXrcctor (Civ E1,gg ), 1S1 Prcc:,; t Concrete Products subccmlmitter, BD(2 2:9 Conwr#r SSSRIhf. & h’fEHTA Concrete Association ofIndia, BotnbaY .41,vnbers SI.SRIE. T. ~NT:.i (Alternateto Sbri h4. A. Xlrhta ) SHR1V. il. ART!IA! COOII Neyveii Ligr,itc Corporation l.td, Ney\,el SHRIT. RAMACIiA~~,\~ {.Jlhvrrctc) SHRI ~. ~. (%ATT7.!, lEK Hir]cfuscan Block Manufacturil:g Co Ltd. Calcutta %rnrS. K. [;IIATTr.:’.- CL Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi DBFUTY DIKZCTLOI,. STANDARDS Rescarct], Designs and Standards Organization, (B&S) Lucknow AWTAIQT DIRE.CTOR,STANrSARSX (hi~c ) (Ah-we) DIRECTOR (CSMRS ) Central Water & PowerCommission, New Delb i DZPUTY DIRrc~oR iCSMRS ) (Al!mafe) fContinuedonpage 7 2IS : 6441 ( Part lX ) - 1973 Indian Standard METHODS OF TESTS FOR AUTOCLAVED CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTS PART IX JOINTING OF AUTOCLAVED CELLULAR CONCRETE ELEMENTS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part IX ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 22 March 1973, after the draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Autoclaved cellular concrete is a class of material, which has been developed commercially abroad and is in the process of development in this country also. A series of Indian Standards on cellular concrete is being formulated so as to provide guidance in obtaining reliable products in autoclaved cellular concrete. The Sectional Committee has considered it desirable to issue a standard for the methods of tests for autoclaved cellular concrete products for the guidance of manufacturers and users. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.4 For’ convenience of reference, ‘ Indian Standard methods of tests for autoclaved cellular concrete products ’ has been grouped into the following nine parts: Part I Determination of unit weight or bulk density and moisture content Part II Determination of drying shrinkage Part III Determination of thermal conductivity Part IV Corrosion protection of steel reinforcement in autoclaved cellular concrete Part V Determination of compressive strength Part VI Strength, deformation and cracking of flexural members subject to bending-short duration loading rest 3 .15:6441(PartM)-1973 Part VII Strength, deformation and cracking of flexural, members subject to bending-sustained loading test. Part VIII Loading tests for flexural members in diagonal tension Part IX Jointing of autoclaved cellular concrete elements 0.5 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part IX ) covers the procedure for testing the jointing of autoclaved cellular concrete flexural members, such as, floor and roof slabs. 2. TEST SPECIMENS 2.1 Size of Specimens - For determining the strength of joints a series, consisting of 3 specimens shall be tested. Each specimen shall consist of S element parts conforming in all respects to the requirements of the relevant Indian Standard ( or the requirements specified by the manufacturer ) in respect of shape and dimensions, but of length 0.5 m ( see Fig. 1 ) jointed together. 2.1.1 Temperature of Specimen - The temperature of the specimen shall not be materially different from the ambient temperature in which it is being tested and in any case not less than 0°C. 2.1.2 Moisture Content of Specimen - The moisture content of the concrete during the test should be indicated and should be not less than 10 perceht by weight when determined in accordance with IS : 6441 ( Part 1 ) - 1972t. 2.2 Jointing-The jointing shall be done in accordance with the direc- tions of the manufacturer. If the manufacturer has prescribed a modified method of jointings for use in cold weather, the specimens jointed in that way shall also be tested in accordance with this procedure. 2.2.1 When no jointing material is required for interaction of loading between the adjacent elements, the jointing of specimens shall be done without the jointing material in accordance with the directions of the manufacturer. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). tMethods of tests for autoclaved cellular concrete products: Part I Determination of unit weight or bulk density and moisture content. 4IS:Wl(PartIX)-1973 LOAD APPLICATION STRIP h = thickness of element; b = width of element; s = load spreading device with a = b - 2. h, but not less than great rigidity, such as, 25 mm 100 mm; and thick mild steel plate; I; = clearance between elements t = 12 mm porous fibre board; FIG. 1 LOADING ARRANGEMENT FOR JOINTED ELEMENTSo p CELLULAR CONCRETE 2.2.2 In case the interjacent element part has been supported, the support shall not be removed until the testing takes place. 2.3 Curing - The curing of the mortar shall be done according to the dirrcc- tions of the manufacturer. The specimens shall not be moved during the period betheen jointing and testing. 3. PROCEDURE 3.1 Laying on Supports - Each of the two external element parts &\I1 be laid on three firm supports ( see Fig. 1 ). TWO of these shall be placed at: a distance from the joint equal to the thickness of the element part and at a 5IS : 6441 ( Part IX ) -‘I973 distance of 300 mm from each other. The third support shall be placed at the external edge of the element parts. The supports shall be placed symmetrically from the centre line, perpendicular to the joints. The element part shall be fixed tightk to the external support, avoiding rising and sliding movements. Each support, shall have an area of about 50 cm2. No pad- dings shall be used. If the joints are to be filled with cement mortar or some similar mortar, the laying of the specimen on the supports and fixing shall be done before the jointing. 3.2 Loading Appliances - The loading shall be applied with a linear load, along the centre line of the central element parallel to the joints and through a pad of porous fibre board, 12 mm thick ( see Fig. 1 ). The load shall be uniformly distributed on an area of length 500 mm and width equal to the width of the element minus twice the height of the element, but in no case less than 100 mm. 3.3 Testing - The joint shall not be loaded earlier than the period recom- mended in the directions from the manufacturer. The increase of loading shall be effected at a rate of about 50 kg/min until rupture occurs. The loading at rupture shall be measured accurately with a maximum permissible deviation of f 1.5 percent. 4. REPORTING TEST RESULTS 4.X The strength of the jointing shall be calculated as the total load at ,rupture including the weight of the interjacent element part and the loading cqoipm.ent expressed in kg/m. 4.1.1 For each specimen t!le strength of the jointing shall be expressed in kg/m and the mran value of the jointing strength, for the testing series, shall be expressed in kg/m rounded ~1%i n accordance with IS : 2-1960* 4.2 The test report shall indicate the following: a) Place, date and method of taking specimens; b) Specification, designation of the element; c) Designation of the joint design; d) Description of the jointing method; e) Rate of curing of the jointing material ( wet erection ); f) Joint strength for each particular specimen; and g) Mean value of the joint strength for the testing series.IS: 6441 (Part IX) .1973 (CwrtirrtfesfJrffnprugc2) Members Re}rt$errtirr~ SHRI K. C, GHOSAL Alokudyog Srrviccs Lid, New Delhi %~1 A. K. BIsw~s (Alkrnck ) %stuV. G. GOKSSALE Bornbny Cbcmiicals Private Limited, Bombay %-SRIM. K. GUPTA Himalzyan Tiles & Mrsrblc Pvt Ltd, Bombay SHRXB. D. JAYARA~AX StateHousing Boisrtl.i\larir3s %tRl B. K. .lINDAL Central Building Research Institute ( CSIFl ), Roorlcee DR S. S. R~HSI(Altcrnat~) SHRIL. C. LAI In perscnid capacity (6’/17 WrstEnd, .VewDcllii23) SHRIG. C. MATHUR Na\ioi7al Buildings Or:arsiza!ion, New Delhi SHRI A. C. GUPTA (.lhrrrafc ~ Sx.rRIS.&’AH.4ttoY Engi~eering Construction Corporatiofi Ltd, Madras SHRI ~. RASSAKSUSH~~(Alternate} SHRI K. K. hTAMBIAR In personai caPacitv (: Rmwnalaya’, 11 Fint C’rc$cerrt PorkRoad,GondhinagcrrA,@r, Madras) SHRI RADHEY Srmm Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHri!B. G. %sIRstz B. G. Shirke & Co, Pooxa S~R~ R.A.DESI-IMU~H(Alfcrnc!fj SHRfC. N. SRIXIVASAX C.R. Narayana Road, Madrm SHRI C. N. RAGEIAVBNDR:AN{ Mtcrnab ) SURVEYOR OFIVORKS ( I) Central Public Works Department DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA Cement Research Institute of India. NCWDelhi 7BLtFiEAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquatier~ Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DE~Hl 110002 Telephones: 3230131,3233375,3239402 Fax :91113234062,91113239399, 91113239382 Telegrams: Marmksanstha (Common toetlOffices) Central Laboratory: Telephone PlotNo. 20B, Site IV, Sahibabad IndustrialArea Sehibabad 201010 8-770032 Regional 0t7[ces: Central :Manak Bhavan, 9Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 1lCXXU 3237617 l Eastern :1/14 CIT Scheme Vll M,V.I.P. Road, Merddola, CALCUTTA 700054 3376662 Northern: SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 Southern :C.I.T. Campus, IVCross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2352315 ~Westem: Manakalaya, E9, BehindMarolTelephone Exchange, Ancfhed(East), 8329295 MUMBAI 400093 Branch OtWces:: CPushpak’,Nurmoharned Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 5501348 $Peenya IndustrialArea 1stStage, Bengalore-Turnkur Road, 6394955 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex+5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 554021 Plot No. 62-63, UnitVl, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 403627 Kdaikathir Buildings,670 Avineshi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 210141 PlotNo. 43, Sector 16A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-288801 Satitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-711986 53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Berua Road, 5thBy+rre, GUWAHATI 761003 541137 5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nempally .%ktionRoad, HYDERABAD 500001 201083 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 372925 117/418 B,Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 206005 216876 Seth Bhawan, 2ncf floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kshore Road, 238923 LUCKNOW 226001 NIT BUilding, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 525171 Patliputrs Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 262305 InstitutionofEngineers (India)Buikthg 1332 Shlv~i Negar, PUNE 41fO09 323635 T.C, Nu;14/1421, Uniwsity P.O.f?sleyam,THIRLJVANWTHAP URAM 53W34 62117 *Sales OWce isat5 ChowringheerApproach, P.O. l?rincepStreet, 271085 CALCWITA 700072 tSales Mce isatNovelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 3096526 $Sales Officeisat ‘F’Block, UnityBuilding,Nerdimaraja Square, 2223971 BANGALORE 560002 Printed at Printograph, New DeIhi (lNDIA i
10386_9.pdf	IS 10386( Part9): 1998 Indian Standard SAFETYCODEFO~ROPERATIONAND MAINTENANCEOFRIVERVALLEY PROJECTS PART 9 CANALS AND CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS _ICS 93.160 0 BIS 1998 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 October 1998 Price Group 3Safety in Construction, Operation and Maintenance of River Valley Projects, RVD 21 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Safety in Construction, Operation and Maintenance of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Structures for conveyance of water at depths more than 0.6 m and velocity greater than 0.9 mlsec, constitute safety hazards, both to the public and to construction and operating personnel, which require to be considered by the designer. The many variable factors to be considered in determining the requirements for safety make it impossible to establish exact predetermined standards for all features; the best that can be done is to set up general guidelines to serve as technical guides in the final determination of proper safety facilities. Such guidelines are presented in this standard. The importance of adequate and safe equipment as a factor in preventing accidents shall not be overlooked. Only machinery, equipment, tools, and supplies which are standard, so far as safety provisions are concerned shall be considered in design and in purchases made. All specifications for the purchase of power driven machinery and equipment shall include provisions for built-in shields or guards and safety devices. The necessary safety and first-aid equipment and fire extinguishers shall also provided for the safety of employees. The climatic conditions and the weather in an area have a major influence on the satety facilities to be provided at a given structure. These shall be considered in all designs from the safety point of view, whether the structure is large or small.IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) ~:1 998 Indian Standard SAFETYCODEFOROPERATIONAND MAINTENANCEOFRIVERVALLEYPROJECTS PART 9 CANALS ANDCROSS DRAINAGE WORKS 1 SCOPE Class F-Canals that would be an extreme hazard to big game animals. This standard (Part 9) lays down guidelines for safety measures to be adopted during operation of a canal/ NOTE - For the purpose of the above clause the canal is deemed to include all types of canal and their appurtenant cross drainage work. structures. 2 CLASSES OF HAZARD 3 TYPES OF SAFETY DEVICES In evaluating the need for safety facilities at a 3.1 Fences particular structure, one of the most important things to be-considered is the size of canal and the frequency Fences are one of the most common protective devices of visits of the general public to the site, which has a used to keep unauthorized persons and domestic and direct bearing upon the likelihood of accidents wild animals from getting into places where they occurring there. The following classification of might be hurt or where they might damage installed accident/hazard may be considered: equipment. Fence designs vary from four strands of Class A-Canals adjacent to schools and recreational barbed wire on wood posts to a high-quality link mesh areas, such as playgrounds, subject to frequent visits fence supported by steer posts set m concrete. Special by children. attention shall be given to make it very difficult for a Class B-Canals nearby or adjacent to such areas person to squeeze around tht ena of a fence and enter which are subject to frequent visits by the public. restricted areas. In any event Lne design data transmitted by the field must include information Class C-Canals nearby or adjacent to farms or regarding the fencing needed. highways which could be subject to visits by children seeking recreation, such as swimming. 3.1.1 Types of Fences Class D-Canals far removed from any dwelling and subject to infrequent visits by operating personnel and a) School Safety Fence-Fence 2 m high with a occasional sportsman. 1.7 m of woven wire and three strands of Class E-Canals that would be a hazard to domestic barbed wire. Steel posts at 3 m centre to centre animals. with toprail (see Fig. 1). 50X50X6 mm ANGLE IRON POST WOVEN WlRE All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 1 WOVEN WIRE TYPE FENCE 1IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) : 1998 b) Urban and Rural Safety Fence-Fence 1.5 m d) Barbed-Wire Stock Fence-Fence I .2 m high high with 1.2 m of woven wire and three with strands of barbed wire. Posts may be either strands of barbed wire. Steel posts at 3 m center steel or other suitable materials (see Fig. 2). to center with toprail (see Fig. 1). e) Deerproof Fence-Fence 2.8 m high with 2.2 c) Woven- Wire Stock Fence-Fence 1.2 m high m of woven wire and two strands barbed with 0.9 m of woven wire and three strands of wire above and one strand below the woven barbed wire. Steel posts may be provided at wire. Fencing is supported by steel posts 3.0 m intervals (see Fig. 1). (see Fig. 3). CROSS BARS ANGLE IRON WST TYPICAL SECTION All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 2 BARBED WIRE TYPE FENCE 2 STRAND 4mm GALV. BARBED WtRE WITH 4 POINT BA 3mm WOVEN WIRE e3.3 BARS AT 150 C/C J,IBARS AT 200 c/c 2 3,3BARS AT 150 c/c +3,5BARS AT 125 c/c 35X4 STAPLES UN0 SURFACE 50X50X6 ANGLE IRON POST L-SECTION All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 3 DEERPROOFF ENCING 2IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) : 1998 3.1.2 Fencing Utilization Requirement falling in case of a miss-step. Handrails are sometimes modified to perform the functions of a guardrail as Class of Hazard Fencing Requirement well; for instance, the handrail along the side of a A School Safety Fence stairway might be covered with wire mesh to prevent children from getting between the rails. Handrails may B Urban and Rural be made of steel, aluminium, or wood depending upon Safety Fence their location and their function. C Urban and Rural Safety 3.4 Signs Fknce D None unless required by The proper use of signs to point out particular hazards Right-of-way Agreement to operating personnel, or to the public, is very important. A well-worded sign advising of the specific E Barbed-or Woven-wire danger will warn persons and may prevent danger to Stock Fence life and property. Signs pointing out specific dangers F Deerproof Fence are much to be preferred over signs which merely threaten dire consequences to trespassers, although 3.2 Guardrails ‘No Trespassing’ signs do serve a useful purpose. Guardrails are classified into two general types, those Signs which might serve to call the attention of trapped used to protect vehicles and those used to protect person to escape devices shall be considered. In case pedestrains. Guaidrails are often used to serve both areas are likely to be frequented by persons not purposes. Guardrails installed to protect vehicles, such familiar with the English language the warning signs as those at dangerous turns on a canal bank road, shall be worded in Hindi/regional language. usually consist of short heavy posts set in the ground Information signs, dedication plaques, etc, shall be along the smaller of the rod supporting a cable or sheet located away from roadways so that traffic shall not steel deflector on the traffic side of the rail. The effect the visibiliy of the sign boards and thus function of the guardrail is two fold. It marks tp safe eliminate a traffic hazard. Road signs of the limit of the roadway and also tends to deflect vehicles conventional type shall be installed along principal which may contact it. Since the guardrail serves as a access roads where needed. marker, it is important that guard rails along roadways be made and kept clearly visible. Reflectors may be 4 SAFETY DEVICES REQUIRED FOR installed on the posts to make them more visible at CANALS AND THEIR STRUCTURES nights. Guardrails to protect pedestrains may be made of planks and wood posts or pipe rails and metal posts 4.1 General set in concrete. For the protection of children it is Sharp turns in canal bank roads shall be~protected with desirable to place wire mesh on the pipe guardrail to guardrails, and signs shall be posted along the roads prevent passage between the pipes. As in the case of warning drivers that the road is private and that they other safety devices, the selection of the type of travel at their own risk. Signs shall also be posted to guardrail to be used will depend upon what is to be warn ‘would be’ swimmers of deep water or other accomplished and the class of hazard. hazards. Design shall provide for suitable guardrails, fences, Lined canals having a vertical lining height of 0.9 m walls, and enclosures, where needed, to be constructed or more shall be equipped with escape ladders (see as an integral part of the structure. Guardrails are Fig. 4) installed opposite each other at intervals of not needed on both sides of all bridges, on the open side more than 500 m, on each side of the canal, and of all stairways, ramps, walkways and similar places where the vertical height above the surrounding area immediately upstream of siphons, falls and similar structures. The canals shall be fenced where justified is 1. O m or more. by the degree of hazard. Guardrails are required around all uncovered hatchways and openings in floors and platforms, and 4.2 Escape Devices at Canal Structure all windows and other wall openings if the bottom of In addition to ladders in canals, other escape devices the opening is less than 1 .O m above the floor, or if the may be provided to assist persons in extricating design of the opening makes such a guard necessary. themselves from a canal or other canal structures that 3.3 Handrails are particularly hazardous. Among these facilities are suspended cables with drop lines, floats or booms Handrails may be used along the sides of stairways or across channels, escape nets, and trashracks. The ramps to lend a person support and to guard against his devices are designed to provide a person trapped in the 3IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) : 1998 6 20 mm STEEL CONCRETE LINING ‘-r CONCRETE LINING A-A SHOWINGUDDER RUNGDETAiL All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 4 SAFETY LADDER FOR CONCRETE LINED CANALS deep water a chance to save himself by catching hold Class of Safety Device Transition Enclosures of the device and working his way to a ladder on the Hazard at Inlet t * \ bank. The device shall be located far enough above the Inlet Outlet structure that the drawdown into the structure, does not A,BorC Rack Guardrail Guardrail make it impossible for a person to extricate himself. Net Fence Guardrail Cable Fence Guardrail Suspended cables are usually installed so that the drop D None Guardrail None lines which may be either chains or knotted ropes, reach the minimum operating water surface. Floats or booms across channels, if properly made, offer a Safety Rack-Safety pipe racks (see Fig. 5) shall have 20 cm clear spacing between pipes and be installed on trapped person something that he can get an arm or leg 3 : 1 or flatter slope. This device shall be used in small over and possibly get upon and work his way to the bank. Escape nets are usually hung from cables stretched across the channel or from a light steel truss structure. The net is installed so that it reaches T below the normal minimum operating water surface; a person being carried down the canal is swept against it and if he is conscious he has a good chance to save himself. In designing a boom, the individual floats shall be large enough to support the weight of a person. i----24- While trashracks are not necessarily classed as escape HALF PLAN devices or safety facilities, they do perform that function at times. With slight modification, a trashrack designed to strain weeds out of the water entering a structure could be adopted to keep humans or animals from being drawn into the structure. The modification required would probably be no more than flattening the slope of the trashrack and providing an escape ladder at one end of the rack. 4.2.1 Syphons All siphons over 0.9 m in diameter shall be protected All dimensions in millimetres. as specified below : FIG. 5 SAFETYPIPERACKS 4IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) : 1998 canals and where maintenance problems associated transition on both sides of the canal. The railing shall with weeds are not severe. be 1 m high and consist of either pipe, cable or chain with metal posts embedded in concrete. Safety Net-Safety nets (see Fig. 6) shall be used in small canals where safety rack installations are not Fences-Safety fencing in conjunction with safety deemed advisable. nets or cables shall be a chain link fence of minimum Safety Cable-Floated cables (see Fig. 7) shall be used height 1.2 m, with three strands of barbed wire in large canals where excessive spans limit the use of vertically above it and shall be provided across the the safety rack or safety net. transition headwall, extending to the anchor posts of Guardrails-Guardrails in conjunction with pipe the safety net or cable; except that where connection racks, for Class A, B, or C exposure, shall cross the is made to an existing fence higher than 1.2 m a fence siphon transition headwall and extend the length of the of equal height shall be provided. END POST I- T-lb WIRE ROPE SAFETY CABLE ATTACH SUSPENDERSTOCASLE WITH REPAIR LINKS ATTACH TIES FIRMLY TO SUSPENDERS CONCRETE FOOTING 600 SQUARE CANAL SIDE SLOPE NOTE :ALCTIES AND SUSPENDERSTO BE 5mm COIL CHAIN All dimensions m mdhnetrex. FIG.6 TYPICALSAFETYNETANDCABLEDETAILS SAFETY CABLE CORNER POST A-A All dimensions in millimetres. FIG.7 SIPHONS AFETYFENCEANDSAFETYCAFJLE 5IS 10386 ( Part 9 ) : 1998 4.2.2 Tunnels 4.2.6 Stilling Basins Tunnel reaches shall be protected in the same way as Stilling basins constitute definite safety hazards and, those of siphons since the hazards are similar. depending upon the class of hazard, shall be guarded by adequate protective devices. Where the top of the 4.2.3 Bridges walls are flush or nearly f-lush with the ground, Foot and vehicular bridges shall be well guarded with guardrailing, possibility of a chain-link type, shall be guardrails. The type of railing used shall give the installed on top of the wall in such a way that there is protection needed under the class of hazard existing no room for a person to stand on top of the wall inside (see 2 and 3.2). For combination of pedestrian and of the fence. Where the top of the walls extend as much vehicular bridges located within thickly populated as 1.2 m above the ground level, so that guardrailing areas, and which have guardrails separating the is not necessary, the top of the wall shall be designed vehicular and pedestrian traffic lanes, consideration so that it is not possible for a person to stand upon it shall be given to making the separating guardrail or to walk upon it. Wing walls at the inlets to spillways splashproof to protect pedestrians. shall be protected in a similar manner. Guardrailing and fencing are discussed in 3.1 and 3.2. Operating bridges shall be provided with suitable railing. Public entry shall be banned on operating 4.2.7 Inlet and Outlet Works bridges by a suitable barrier. In addition to the protection recommended in 4.2.6 for 4.2.4 Falls and Chutes stilling basins constructed in connection with inlet and outlet works, log booms or safety nets shall be Rectangular section falls and chutes of 1.5 m depth or provided near tailraces and inlet and outlet works on more and under Class A, B, or C hazard, shall be bodies of water where boatsmen or swimmers may be fenced or have guardrailing constructed along each endangered. side of the structure. In those cases where a canal fall or escape carries more than a 1.2 m depth of water into 4.2.8 Stop Logs and Bulkhead Gates the structure, the need for a safety net or cable and drop-line device across the water prism upstream from For the temporary closing of openings such as the intake of the structure to facilitate escape from the penstock inlets or draft-tube outlets, it has been found water shall be considered. that bulkheads are to be preferred over stop logs if suitable hoisting equipment is provided. Some 4.2.5 Trashracks projects have found that the use of bulkheads is preferable to the use of stop logs on canal structures. Trashrack operating decks are hazardous primarily Where the former is used a truck-mounted crane is because the wet trash removed from the racks is often usually necessary to handle the bulkheads. Stop-log deposited on the deck, making it wet and slippery. It grooves shall be designed with this possibility in mind. is desirable therefore to have a rough, nonslip surface In all the above mentioned cases the use of bulkheads on the operating deck floor and to have a guardrail, is preferable so that the closing operation is simplified across the front of the deck, against which the operator and is made safer as well as faster. Further, a tighter can brace himself while removing debris from the seal is usually obtained and better protection is racks. afforded to the men working behind the bulkhead. 6Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards: ‘Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. RVD 21 ( 177 ). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110 002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones : 323 01 31,323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110 002 323 38 41 1 Eastern : l/14 C. IT. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 3378499,3378561 CALCUTTA 700 054 337 86 26,337 91 20 I Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160 022 60 38 43 60 20 25 I Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600 113 235 02 16,235 04 42 235 15 19,235 23 15 1 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400 093 832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNGW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. 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3025_41.pdf	IS 3025 ( Part 41 ) : 1992 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST ( PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER PART 41 CADMIUM First Revision ) ( First Reprint OCTOBER 1996 UDC 6281/3 : 543 [ 546.48 ] 0 BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3 NEW DELHI llOOO2 September 1992 Price Croup 3Environmental Protection Sectional Committee, CHD 012 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted bv the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Environmental Protection Sectional Committee had been appr~~ved by the Chemical Division Council. Cadmium is highly toxic and has been implicated in some cases of poisoning through food. Minute quantities of cadmium are suspected of being responsible for adverse changes in arteries of human kidneys. Cadmium may enter water as a result of industrial discharges or the deterlo- ration of galvanized water supply pipe. Desirable limit for cadmium in dl-inking water i\ 0.01 mg/l beyond which the water becomes toxic and no relaxation of this limit ir; allowed. The test for cadmium is, therefore, essential. In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance h.ts b:en d-rived from Am;lricnn Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM Annual Book Section 1 I, 1983 ). In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with thij standard, if the fin:11 value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 7 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘.Is 3025(Part41):~1992 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL)FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER PART 41 CADMIUM First Revision ) ( 1 SCOPE nitric acid ( 2 ml of AR grade nitric acid to 1 litre just to bring down the pH below 2 ). 1.1 This standard prescribes the following Unacidified samples should be analysed on the three methods for determination of cadmium: same day while the acidified samples may be a) Atomic absorption method ( direct ), stored for a few days in a refrigerator. b) Atomic absorption method ( chelation 4 QUALITY QF REAGENTS and extraction ), and c) Differential pulse anodic stripping 4.1 Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals voltammetry. shall be used. 1.2 The choice of the method depends upon NOTE - ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect tho the concentration range and interference results of analysis. levels. Determination using atomic absorption method can be done either directly or by 4.2 Double distilled water with a specific chelation and extraction prior to atomic conductivity less than 1 &cm shall be used absorption spectrophotometer determination. for preparing the standard and reagent solutions. 2 REFERENCES The following Indian Standards are necessary 5 ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD adjuncts to this standards: (DIRECT ) IS No. Title 5.1 Principle 3025 Methods of sampling and test ( Part 1 ) : 1986 ( physical and chemical ) for The cadmium content of the sample is deter- water and wastewater: Part 1 mined by directly aspirating the sample into Sampling the flame of an atomic absorption spectropho- tometer. The absorbance is measured at 7022 Glossary of terms relating to 228.8 nm using a cadmium hollow-cathode ( Part 1 ) : 1973 water, sewage and industrial lamp. Thi ; method is appiicable in the con- effluents: Part 1 centration range of 0.05 to 2 mg/l. However, 7022 Glossary of terms relating to the concentration range will vary with the ( Part 2 ) : 1979 water, sewage and industrial sensitivity of the instrument used. efauents: Part 2 5.2 Interferences 3 SAMPLING AND PRESERVATIQN Nickel, lead, copper zinc, cobalt and chromium The sampling and storage shall be done as do not interfere up to 10 mg/l. Alkali and prescribed in IS 3025 ( Part 1 ) : 1986. The alkaline earth metals can be tolerated up to sample bottles should be cleaned thoroughly 5 003 mg/l. Iron does not interfere up to with dilute nitric acid. ( 6:N ) prior to the 4000 mg/l. final rinsing with water. The water samples should be collected and stored for 24 h prefer- 5.3 ’ Apparatus ably in polypropylene or chemically resistant glass containers. For preservation, the 5.3.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer samples should be acidified with concentrated with air-acetylene flame. 1Is3025(Part41):1992 5.3.2 Cadmium hollow-cathode lamp or multi- 6 ATONnC ABSORPTION METHOD element hollow-cathode lamp for use at ( CHELATION AND EXTRACTION ) 228.8 nm. 6.1 Principle 5.4 Reagents Cadmium is chelated with pyrrolidine dithio 8.4.1 Hydrochloric Acid - Concentrated. carbamic acid and extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone ( MIBK ). The extract is 5.4.2 Nitric Acid - Concentrated. treated with hot nitric acid after evaporating to dryness, then dissolved in hydrochloric acid 6.4.3 Nitric Acid - Diluted ( 1 : 499 ). and diluted with water. An aliquot is aspirated 6.4.4 Cadmium Solqtions into the air-acetylene flame of the spectropho- tometer. For total recoverable cadmium, an 5.4.4.1 Stock cadmium solution acid digestion procedure is carried out prior to aspiration of the sample. Dissolve 1-O g of pure cadmium metal in mini- mum quantity of concentrated nitric acid and This method is applicable in the concentration dilute to I litre with distilled water ( 1 ml= range of 5 to 200 pg/i cadmium. 1 mgof Cd). 6.2 Interferences - Same as in 5.2. 5.4.4.2 Standard cadmium solution 6.3 Apparatus Add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid to 100 ml 6.3.1 Same as in 5.3. of the cadmium stock solution ( 5.4.4.1 ) and dilute to 1 litte with distilled water. 6.4 Reagents 6.4.1 Hydrochloric Acid - Concentrated. 5.5 Procedure 6.4.2 Nitric Acid - Concentrated. 6.5.1 ‘To 100 ml portion of the acidified sample add 5 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid 6.4.3 Dilute Nitric Acid - 1 : 499. and evaporate to 20 ml. Cool and filter the 6.4.4 Cadmium Solutions sample and make up to 100 ml in a standard Bask. If only dissolved cadmium is to be 6.4.4.1 Stock cadmium solution - Prepare as determined, filter 100 ml of the sample and in 5.4.4.1. acidify with 0.1 ml of concentrated hydrochlo- ric acid. Aspirate the sample solution and 6.4.4.2 Intermediate cadmium solution measure the absorbance at 228.8 nm. Aspirate Add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid to 50 ml nitric acid ( 1 : 499 ) prior to sample of stock solution and dilute to 1 litre with aspiration. water. 1 ml -50 pg of cadmium. 5.5.2 Prepare a reagent blank and a series of 6.4.4.3 Standard cadmium solution 100 ml standards containing 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l of cadmium by diluting a suita- To 10 ml of cadmium intermediate solution add ble volume of the standard solution with 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid and dilute to dilute nitric acid and repeat as above. Aspirate 1 litre with water. 1 ml = O-5 pg of cadmium. the solutions and measure the absorbance. 6.4.5 Sodium Hydroxide Soluiion 5.6 Calealation Dissolve 100 g of sodium hydroxide in water Construct a standard calibration graph by and dilute to 1 litre. plotting the absorbance versus cadmium con- 6.4.6 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ( MIBK ) - centration ( mg/l ) of each standard. Read Reagent grade. the concentration of the sample from the graph. For trace analysis purify MIBK by redistilla- tion or by sub-boiling distillation. Cadmium, mg/l -+-x 1000 6.4.6.1 Water saturated MIBK where Mix one part of purified MIBK with one part M- mass of cadmium in mg in the of water in a separatory funnel. Shake 30 sample, and times and let separate. Discard aqueous layer. V== volume of the sample in ml. Save MIBK layer. 2IS3025(Part41):1992 6.4.7 Bromophenol Blue Indicator Solution standards in the same manner as the sample. Aspirate the MIBK extracts and measure the Dissolve 0.1 g of bromophenol blue in 100 ml absorbance. of 50 percent ethanol or isopropanol. 6.6 C8Iculation 6.4.8 Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamic Acid - Methyl isobutyl Ketone ( MIBK ) Reagent 6.6.1 Construct a standard calibration graph. by plotting the absorbance versus the con- Mix 36 ml of pyrrolidine with 1 litre of MIBK. centration (as/l ) of cadmium. Read the Cool the solution and add 30 ml of carbon concentration of the sample from the graph. disulphide in small fractions with continuous stirring. Dilute with 2 litres of MIBK. Store M Cadmium, rg/l - TX 1000 in a cool and dark place. The reagent SO prepared is stable for at least six months. where NOTE - As components of this mixture are highly M = mass of cadmium in rg in the loxic and flammable, prepare and use in a sample , and fumehood. V c volume of sample in ml. 6.5 Procedure 7 DIFFEREN’I’IAL PULSE ANODIC 6.5.1 If total recoverable cadmium is to be STRIPPING VOLTAMMETRY determined, add 5 ml of concentrated hydro- chloric acid and evaporate the solution to 15 to 7.1 Principle 20 ml. Cool and filter the sample through acid Cadmium is deposited on a hanging mercury washed titer paper. Make up to 100 ml in a drop electrode at a negative potential of -0.8 V volumetric flask. Add 2 drops of bromophenol versus saturated calomel electrode. Then the blue indicator solution and mix. Adjust the cadmium is stripped back into the solution by pH by adding sodium hydroxide solution till a applying a positive potential scan. The anodic blue colour persists. Add dilute hydrochloric current peak which is measured is representa- acid ( 1 : 49 ) drop by drop until the colour tive of the cadmium concentration in the just disappears. Then add 2.5 ml of dilute sample. For total dissolved cadmium the hydrochloric acid to bring the pH to 2.3 to 2.5. sample is filtered through Whatman No. 40 Add 10 ml of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic filter paper prior to acidification and analysis. acid - MIBK reagent and shake well. After the This method is applicable in the concentration phases separate, collect the MIBK phase by range of 0.1-100 agil, taking care to avoid any trace of water in the llask. Repeat the extraction twice with 6 to 7.2 Interferences 7 ml of MIBK till the MIBK layer becomes colourless. Combine the extracts. Aspirate Selenium interferes when its concentration the organic extract directly into the flame exceeds 50 ~11. This can be overcome by ( zeroing instrument on a water saturated adding ascorbic acid which reduces selenium MIBK blank ) and record absorbance. To ( IV ) to selenium metal. Iron ( III ) interferes avoid problems associated with instability of when present at levels greater than cadmium. extracted metal complexes determine immedia- However, this can be overcome by warming the tely after extraction. Evaporate the solutioa solution with hydroxylamine. The presence of just to dryness and dissolve the residue by any other neighbouring strippin peaks which dropwise addition of 2 ml of concentrated is less than 100 mV from that o B cadmium will nitric acid by holding the beaker at an angle. interfere. Again evaporate to dryness and add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid ( 1 : 2 ) and heat for 1 7.3 Appmrtos minute. Cool and make up the solution in a 10 ml standard flask. Aspirate the sample and 7.3.1 Polarographic instrumentation capable measure the absorbance. of performing differential pulse work. 7.3.2 Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode NOTE- Evaporation should be carried out at low heat using hot plate to avoid any losses due to 7.3.3 PIatinum Counter Electrode volatilization of cadmium. 7.3.4 Saturated Calomel Reference Electrode 6.5.2 Prepare a reagent blank and a series of ( SCE) sufficient standards containing 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 pg/l of cadmium by diluting a suitable :.3;5 Magnetic Stirrer Control Unit, Stirriqg volume of the standard solution. Treat the 3IS 3025 ( Part 41) : 1992 7.4 Reagents cells by soaking them overnight in concentra- ted nitric acid and rinsing them thoroughly with 7.4.1 Hydrochloric Acid - Concentrated; spec- water. Add 1 ml of hydroxylamine solution. trograde. Warm for 15 minutes to reduce the ferric concentration. Add 1 ml of ascorbic acid. 7.4.2 Nitric Acid - Concentrated; spectro- Evaporate gently. Cool and make up to 100 grade. ml. If total dissolved cadmium alone is to be determined, the sample should be filtered 7.4.3 Hydroxylamine Solution - 100 g/l through 0.45 pm membrane filter paper. For total recoverable cadmium, digest the sample Dissolve 5 g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride with 3 ml each of concentrated hydrochloric in 50 ml of water. acid and nitric acid. Evaporate the solution to 15 to 20 ml. Cool and make up to 100 ml in a 7.4.4 Dilute Nitric Acid - 1 : 1 standard flask. Take 10 ml of the sample in the polarographic cell and de-aerate for 15 7.4.5 Ascorbic Acid - 100 mgjl minutes. The cell should be covered with Dissolve 10 g of L-ascorbic acid in 100 ml of nitrogen gas during the experiment (Fig. 2 ). water. Generate a new droplet of mercury and put the 7.4.6 Cadmium Solutions stirrer on. Connect the cell and deposit at -0.80 V versus saturated calomel electrode 7.4.6.1 Stock cadmium solution for 3 minutes. Stop the stirrer and wait for 30 seconds. Start the anodic scan with the Dissolve 1-O of pure cadmium metal by warm- following settings: ing with 10 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 30 ml of 1 : 1 nitric acid. Dilute to Initial potential -0.8OV vs saturated 1 litre with distilled water. calomel electrode (SCE) 7.4.6.2 Intermediate cadmium solution Scan rate 5mV Add 1 ml of concentrated nitric acid to 10 ml Scan direction (+> of stock solution and dilute to 1 litre with Modulation amplitude 25 mV distilled water. Current range l-10 /.LA Droptime 5 set 7.4.6.3 Standard cadmium solution Display direction (--_) Dilute 10 ml of cadmium intermediate solution Low pass filter Off position to 100 ml with distilled water. Prepare daily Mode Differential pulse for use. 1 ml = 10 pg of cadmium. Scan range 0.75 v 7.4.7 Amalgamated Zinc Measure the current peak height ( II ). Add Cover 10 g of granular zinc with water and add 20 ~1 of standard cadmium solution and de- 2 drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid. aerate for 5 minutes. Repeat as above, Then add 5 to 8 drops of mercury with conti- Measure the current peak height ( 1%) . nuous shaking. 7.6 Calculation 7.4.0 Purified Nitrogen 1, V Cstd Boil 2 g of ammonium meta vanadate with 25 Cadmium, pg/l= IBY + (I,-I,)V x loo0 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 250 ml and transfer to the scrubber. Add I1 = current peak height for sample, 10 to 15 g of amalgamated zinc. Pass nitrogen I* = current peak height for sample and gas through the scrubber for removal of traces standard, of oxygen and through distilled water for washing any traces of scrubber chemicals v = volume of standard added ( 20 ~1 ), ( Fig. 1 ) v = volume of the sample solution in ml, and 7.5 Procedure Cstd = concentration of the standard solu- Ciean all the glassware and the voltammetric tion added. PIS 3025 ( Part 41) : 1992 N2 M AMALGAMATED FIG. 1 SCRUBBEARS SEMBLFYO RN ITROGENP URIFICATION TO Hg RESERVOIR r I I N 2 GAS t ----_ ----- ---- ---- 7- Pt COUNTER ELECTRODE FLECTRODE ---------- HMDE.WORYING ELECTRODE STIRRER BAR - FIG. 2 VOLTAMMJJTRCIECL LA SSEMBLY 5Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau ufhdiun Stnndmds Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. CHD 12 ( 0055 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams : Manaksanstha Telephones : 323 0131,323 83 75,323 94 02 (Common to a11o ffices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17 NEW DELHI 110002 323 38 41 Eastern : l/14 C. I.T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 337 84 99,337 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 9120 Northern : SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCK’NOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPU’RAM. Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi-l 10015. India.
10096_3r.pdf	IS 10096 ( Part 3 ) : 1992 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF RADIAL GATES AND ROPE DRUM HOISTS PART 3 AFTER ERECTION ( First Revision ) UDC 621.422-23 : 621.876 @ BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December 1992 Price Group 4Hydraulic Gates and Valves Sectional Committee, RVD 12 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Hydraulic Gates and Valves Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division Council. Noting lack of adequate systematic information on procedures for inspection, testing and main- tenance of radial gates land their hoists after erection, the Hydraulic Gates and Valves Sectional Committee decided that a set of recommendations on this subject be drawn up for reference and guidance of the personnel engaged in these duties. This standard has accordingly been prepared to provide guidelines for radial gates. This standard is being published in parts. Part 1 deals with inspection testing and assembly at manufacturing stage. Part 2 deals with inspection, testing and assembly at the time of erec- tion. Part 3 deals with inspection, testing and maintenance after erection. This standard ( Part 3 ) was first published in 1982. In this revision provision in respect of inspection has been further elaborated in detail. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of the standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding of numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 10096 ( Part 3 ) : 1992 Indian Standurd RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INSPECTION, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE OF RADIAL GATES AND ROPE DRUM HOISTS PART 3 AFTER ERECTION First Revision ) ( 1 SCOPE 4 INSPECTION This standard (Part 3 ) lays down the 4.1 Periodical inspection of gate installations recommendations for inpection, -testing and should be carried out to detect normal wear maintenance of radial gates and their rope and tear, defects, if any. It should be done as and when necessary, but at least thrice in an drum hoists after erection. year, one being prior to the onset of monsoon and one immediately after the mosoon and one 2 REFERENCES at other times. The gates should be operated The Indian Standard listed below is a necessary up and down several times to make sure that adjunct to this standard: everything is in order. 4.2 Inspection work may consist of visual IS No. Title inspection of exposed surfaces of embedded 7718 Recommendation for inspec-, parts, such as gate leaf, hoisting equipment, hoist ( Part 3 ) : 1975 tion, testing and maintenance supporting structures and checking of impor- of fixed wheel and slide gates: tant dimensions. These include sill beams, Part 3 After erection wall plate consisting of seal, if any, trunnion girders and gate leaf. In cases of inaccessible parts, inspection may be necessary by other 3 GENERAL means like divers. 3.1 Drain holes in the horizontal girders and _ ___ _ 4.3 Inspection of Radial Gates arms should be checked so that they do not get clogged with silt causing accumulation of water No pieces of equipment, however well designed in the horizontal girders and arms. and sturdy, will run efficiently unless it is well kept and maintained. Therefore the details of 3.2 Rope drums, pulleys and rope connection inspection to be done and the schedule of should be checked. maintenance are given here.. 4.3.1 Periodical Inspection 3.3 Functioning of the limit switches, inter- locking devices, indication lamps, etc, should In order to detect normal wear and tear, be checked for proper working. defects, if any, periodical inspection of gate installation should be carried out. The perio- 3.4 The operating systems of the gate shquld dical inspection of these gates-and hoist should be checked for their proper functioning. be done as and when necessary, but .at least thrice a year and corresponding to the peiiods 3.5 Where stoplogs are provided upstream of when the water level in the reservoir is at its radial gates, they should be maintained as per highest and lowest levels. In short, pre- recommendations contained in IS 7718 ( Part 3) : monsoon and post-monsoon inspections should 1975. be done and the following checks be exercised.iS 10096(Part3):1992 Points to be Inspected Compliance (1) (2) I. Inspection of yoke girder thrust block trunnion assembly and anchorage. 1. Check the Nuts and bolts a) Below trunnion assembly Check for proper functioning b) Trunnion bracket to yoke girder do c) Nuts of horizontal and vertical anchors- Check for torque age d) Trunnion pin lock plates Check tightness e) Check shear key if provided behind the Check for cracks trunnion bracket f) Nuts of the main tie rods Check for tightness and torque 2. Check the weld between yoke girder and For soundness main ties 3. Check whether yoke girder and thrust block Cover with 3 mm thick M.S. plates ifnot is covered so that water does not accumulate already covered in the slots 4. Check whether trunnion pin ends are covered Cover it if not already covered with anticorrosive jelly 5. Check whether flexible sheath cover is do provided to prevent entry of debris in the trunnion assembly 6. Check the welds of thrust block ( with Check for cracks. Rectify accordingly magnifying glass ) ( also ensure that the inside is concreted ) 7. Check if the oval holes are free Remove debris or other accumulated materials 8. Check grease in trunnion assembly Take steps for greasing after removal of dirt, if any 9. Check to flexible cover Replace if necessary and clean dirt from pin surface below the same II. End arms 1. Check welding-joints of end to horizontal Check for cracks : rectify accordingly girder ( with magnifying glass, preferably ) on joints/stiffners ) 2. Check whether drain holes drilled in the Clear them if checked end arm are clear at both ends. 3. Check nuts and bolts of end arms to Check for tightness horizontal girder joints III. Horizontal girder 1. Check welding of a) Stiffners of horizontal girders Check for crack and other defects and rectify accordingly b) Horizontal girder to stiffeners of skin do plate 2IS 100% ( Part 3 ) : 1992 Points to be Inspected Compliance (1) (2) c) Locking arrangement brackets of skin Check for weld crack plates d) Check drain holes of horizontal girder Clear them if chocked and clean the debris accumulated regularly IV. Skin plate assembly and rubber seals 1. Check the following welding joints Check for crack and other defects and rectify, if necessary a) ‘T’ and skin plate and ribs b) Vertical joints of skin plate from upstream side and down streain side do c) Check lifting bracket and lifting pins for its soundness d) Latching brackets to skin plate Check welding with a magnifying glass and rectify, if required 2. The skin plate should be observed for Sealing formation should be removed. pitting, scaling and corrosion on upstream Pitting should be filled with weld and side grinded for finish. For corrosion clean it and apply paint a) Check the condition of -side and bottom If condition is pcor replace same. check the rubber seal corner joint and observe cause of undue wear, also before replace- leakage ment b) All the nuts and bolts fixing rubber seal Check for wear and tear, tightness and to skin plate replace, if required cl Check if there is any undesirable material Remove it ( All rubbish should be periodi- in between seal and stainless steel plate, cally removed from the seal surface ) seal and skin plate d) Check for deformation of seal S_tudy the cause of deformation and rectify it e>C heck soundness of cladding in case of do cladded rubber seals f) Check whether there is abnormal abrasion Study the cause of abrasion and rectify it on seal seat V. Sill beam and wall plates 1. Check the following joints a) Wall plate to sill beam Check for crack and other defects rectify b) Two segments Rectify the joints using proper welding rods and grid, as necessary c) Stainless cladding to M. S. plate do 2. Check wall plate and sill beam for pitting Pitting is to be filled in by welding. Rusted and rusting and general conditions portion should be painted of tex cleaning VI. Guide roller 1. Check the roller for its movements and Make the roller free if jammed clean and setting grease 2. Check the nuts and bolts and guide roller Check for wear and tear and tightness 3IS 10096 ( Part 3 ) : 1992 Points to be Inspected Compliance (1) (2) VII. Latching arrangement 1. Check whether latching device functions Check the function by operating lever. well Rectify the same if movement is not smooth 2. Check ropes, nuts and bolts and studs of Replace ropes and tighten the bolts if locking devices required VIII. Wire ropes, hoist, pulleys, sheaves, etc 1. Check for following a) Check condition of wire rope If the condition is poor, then repIace the wire rope and if 10 percent broken wires are within the length of one meter and more than 20 percent broken wire within the length of 10 m, wire ropes should be replaced b) Check pulley sheave assemblies and Check condition of pins and every year sockets these should be removed, cleaned and refitted after lubrication c) Check turn buckles Check for rusting, jamming in the turn buckles, and check if the number of threads hoIding the rope are adequate d) Check tension of wire ropes Adjust both wire ropes for equal tension e) Check if end of wire rope is properly If found loose, tighten the studs provided fastened to drum for f) Check for lubrication of wire ropes, if Lubricate ropes required IX. Gear train assembly 1. Check for following a) Check condition of gear and pinions Check uneven wear and contact adjust properly b) Checkposition of gears and pinion Bring them to correct position if found shifted to either side c) Check shaft and couplings used for Visual inspection and coupling nuts to be connecting drive unit and gear train checked X. Drive unit 1. Check for following a) Check condition and functioning of Replace worn out liner, adjust brake shoes electro-magnetic brake carefully, so that both the shoes hold the drum when supply is cut off or both the shoes should move out simultaneously if switched on. Brake drum and liner should always be free from grease, oil etc b) Check all electrical connection of hoist Check for loose connection, proper insula- motor, brake, starter, limit switch etc. tion (rats and crabs damage the insulation ). Also check remote control systems, if Overload relay of the starter is to be provided adjusted, for correct position and should not be disturbed 4IS 10096 ( Part 3 ) : 1992 Points to be Inspected Compliance (1) (2) C) Check the connecting arrangement from adjacent motor d) Check condition of position indicator Check for its proper function and rectify and all its accessories e) Reduction gear box ( worm reducer ) Check for smooth operation and check oil level XI. Check nuts and bolts of 1. Check for following a) Hoist frame Check for wear and tear and tightness b) Drive unit c) Gear boxes Tighten if required or replace for undue d) Plange coupling 1 wearing e) Bearing housing Inspect for cracks in housing and replace, if f) Foundation bolts of hoist bridge needed 4.3.2 General - Inspection to check that: gate. In case vibrations are noticed, the posi- tions of gate openings and water levels should a) The gate operation should be trouble be noted and the reasons thereof should be free and there should not be unusual investigated. sound. 5.4 Based on the inspection and testing, suita- b) On load ( that is, when there is water ) ble remedial measures should be taken ( see 6 ). there should be no undue vibrations in the gate and the structure. 5.5 Trouble Locating Chart cl Observe the current drawn by motor at the time of lifting of gate. If any excessive Trouble Probable Reasons current drawn is noticed, operation of hoist should be stopped immediately and 1. Gate does not 1. No supply reason for the same may be investigated rise for lubrication of various parts of gates 2. Obstruction in rubber and hoists and rectified. seals 4 Check the supply voltage. 3. Obstruction in guide e) Check the lubrication at various points. rollers f 1 Check the condition of painting at vari- 4. Fault in electric motor ous parts. 5. Fault in wiring 6. Blown out fuse 5 TESTING 7. Brake shoes jammed 5.1 The gate should be tested for its travel up 8. Wire rope broken and down to see that it moves smoothly with- 9. Malfunctioning of elec- out excessive sway throughout the travel. trical contacts -due to any reason 5.2 The operation should be trouble-free and there should not be any unusual sound. There 2. Gate vibrates or 1. Lack of lubrication in should not be any undue pressure or extra produces noise trunnion and guide efforts when the gate is operated under no load rollers condition. Any extra current being taken by 2. Rope length not identi- the motor should be taken note of. cal on both sides 5.3 On load ( that is, when there is water) 3. Lack of lubrication or there should be no undue vibrations in the fault in wire rope pulley gate and structure during operation of the sheave arrangementsIS 10096( .Part 3 ) :1992 c) Trunion bearing should be greased wher- Trouble Probable Reasons ever required. Keeping trunnion bearings in perfdct working condition is very 3. Motor does not 1. No Supply importaqt. All other bolted connections function should also be checked for proper tight- 2. Starter not in order ness. 3. Blown out fuses in d) Bolts and trunnion bearing housing switches should be tightened wherever required. 4. Low voltage e) The sealb of the gate should be checked 5. All fuses are not for wear and tear and deterioration. wor~lng These should be acljusted/replaced, as 4. Starter not 1. No supply to starter and when necessary. working 2. Fixed and moving con- f) Wire ropes should be properly greased. tacts not in order 3. Limit switch engaged !3)Oil level in the worm reduction unit should be maintained by suitable replen- 5. Unusual sound Verify the spot and attend ishment. Oil seals should also be to the following replaced. if required. Lubrication of other parts of the hoists, such as chains 1. Mis-alignment of any in operating, position, indicators arid particular component limit switches should also be done. 2. Shearing of connecting h) The stroke of the brake should be reset bolts and nuts to compensate for lining wear. Worn 3. Lack of lubrication out brake linings should be replaced in time. 4. Entry of anv extraneous matt_er into- guide roller j) Flexible couplings should be adjusted, if assembly or pulley required. sheaves or trunnion assembly k) Repairs and replacement of electrical relays a]id controls should be attended to. ml Maintenance of alternative sources of 6 MAINTENANCE power, such as diesel generating sets and alternative drives wherever provided 6.1 The maintenance of radial gates and their should -be carried out. hoists mechanism should be done regularly. Reference should be made to manufacturer’s n) The list of essential spare parts to be kept available should be reviewed and instructions for detailed maintenance and servicingOf hoists. Proper record of inspection, updated periodically. The availability of essential spare parts should be ensured. tetiing and maintenance should be made by the project authorities. The condition of spares should be checked periodically and protective coat- 6.2 The following maintenance works should ing given before use. be attended to: P) Lubrication details: a) Defective welded should be chipped out 1. Grease — Multipurpose and it should be rewelded. Damaged — Bearing grease nuts, bolts, rivets, screws, etc should be replaced. Any pitting should be filled Applicable points: up by welding and finished by grinding, if necessary. 1. Pulley sheaves b) The gate leaf, exposed embedded metal 2. Pulley brackets parts, hoists and hoist -supporting struc- ture, etc, should be thoroughly cleaned 3. Guide rollers and repainted when required. While 4. Trunnion assembly deciding about repainting, the original 5. -Rope drums painting system adopted should be kept in view. 6. Line shaft bearings 67. Matching teeth of gear box assem- Applicable points: bly 1. Reduction gear box Once before rainy season or as required Level up the gear box before operation. 4. Mobil oil 2. Cardium compound Applicable points: Applicable points: 1. All rubbing surfaces and oiling 1. Wire ropes points Once in every season after cleaning of 2. .AAshzints located in brass/metal wire ropes or as required. 3. H. P. 90 Gear oil Carefully once/twice a year.Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system ofinspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Starldards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of thes: publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from~time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. RVD 12 ( 27 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksans*‘la ( Common to all Of&es ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 1 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. 1. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 i 37 86 26, 37 86 62 53 38 43, 53 16 40 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 I 53 23 84 235 02 16, 235 04 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 I 235 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MiDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOM-BAY 400093 632 78 9 I, 632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARiDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM; Printed at Printwell Printers, Aligarh, India
279.pdf	IS:279-1981 (Reaffirmed2001) Edition 4.2 (2001-06) Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE FOR TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PURPOSES (Third Revision) (Incorporating Amendment Nos.1 & 2) UDC 669.14-426:669.586:621.394/.395 © BIS 2002 B U R E A UO FI N D I A NS T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group3IS:279-1981 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE FOR TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PURPOSES (Third Revision) Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee, SMDC 5 Chairman Representing DR U. N. BHRANY Modella Steel & Alloys Ltd, Bombay Members SHRI S. BANERJEE Steel Re-Rolling Mills Association of India, Calcutta SHRI A. M. BISWAS National Test House, Calcutta SHRI K. L. BARUI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. M. DUTTA Durgapur Steel Plant (SAIL), Durgapur DR P. K. SAHA ( Alternate ) SHRI S. C. DEY Central Boilers Board DIRECTOR (M & C), RDSO Ministry of Railways JOINT DIRECTOR (MET), RDSO( Alternate ) SHRI A. K. JEE Ministry of Defence (DGI) SHRI V. I. RAMASWAMY ( Alternate ) JOINT DIRECTOR (WAGON)-II, Ministry of Railways RDSO JOINT DIRECTOR (IRON & STEEL), RAILWAY BOARD ( Alternate ) SHRI M. N. KHANNA Bhilai Steel Plant (SAIL), Bhilai SHRI S. KRISHNAMURTHY ( Alternate ) SHRI C. K. KURIAKOSE Hindustan Shipyard Ltd, Visakhapatnam SHRI N. S. R. V. RAJU ( Alternate ) DR D. M. LAKHIANI The Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur SHRI T. K. DATTA ( Alternate ) SHRI T. MUKHERJEE The Tata Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur SHRI A. N. MITRA ( Alternate ) SHRI P. K. MUNSHI Ministry of Railways SHRI SATISH MURANJAN Special Steels Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. R. DOCTOR ( Alternate ) SHRI K. R. NARASIMHAN The Metal Box Co of India Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. G. SHRIMANKAR ( Alternate ) SHRI M. K. PARAMANIK Iron & Steel Control, Calcutta SHRI B. K. DUTTA ( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) © BIS 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS:279 - 1981 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing SHRI RAGHUBIR SINGH National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR), Jamshedpur REPRESENTATIVE Association of Indian Engineering Industry (Steel Tubes Division), New Delhi REPRESENTATIVE Federation of Engineering Industry in India, New Delhi REPRESENTATIVE Steel Authority of India (R & D), Ranchi SHRI R. N. SAHA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI D. K. PAUL ( Alternate ) SHRI K. R. SANGAMESWARAN Rourkela Steel Plant (SAIL), Rourkela PROF S. S. PANI ( Alternate ) SHRI A. SRINIVASULA Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Secunderabad SHRI A. K. MITTAL ( Alternate I ) SHRI U. MOHAN RAO ( Alternate II ) SHRI D. SRINIVASAN Joint Plant Committee, Calcutta SHRI B. P. GHOSH ( Alternate ) SHRI K. V. SUBBA RAO Mukand Iron & Steel Works Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. V. PAREKH ( Alternate ) SHRI S. G. TUDEKAR Bokaro Steel Plant (SAIL), Bokaro SHRI K. S. VAIDYANATHAN M. N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. K. BASU ( Alternate ) SHRI C. R. RAMA RAO, Director General, ISI ( Ex-officio Member ) Director (Struc & Met) Secretary SHRI V. K. JAIN Deputy Director (Metals), ISI Panel for Steel Wires for General Engineering Purposes, SMDC 5/P-38 Convener SHRI R. C. MAHAJAN Indian Steel and Wire Products, Ltd, Jamshedpur Members ADDITIONAL CHIEF ENGINEER P & T Department, Jabalpur SHRI K. R. BANERJEE Hindustan Wires Ltd, Calcutta SHRI S. K. DAS Usha Martin Black Ltd, Ranchi SHRI M. M. L. KHULLAR Modi Steels, Modinagar SHRI SATISH MURANJAN Specials Steel Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. R. DOCTOR ( Alternate ) SHRI J. P. PATEL Tensile Steels Ltd, Vadodara SHRI K. C. TRIPATHI Ministry of Defence (DGI) 2IS:279-1981 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR GALVANIZED STEEL WIRE FOR TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE PURPOSES (Third Revision) 0. F O R E W O R D 0.1This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 15 September 1981, after the draft finalized by the Wrought Steel Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council. 0.2This standard was first published in 1951 and was revised in 196l and in 1972. While reviewing the standard in the light of the experience gained during these years, the Sectional Committee decided that this standard be further revised. In this revision the following main modifications have been made: a)Load is specified in terms of newtons (N) in alignment with the adoption of the SI units both nationally and internationally, b)Sampling requirements have been modified, and c)Reference has been given to the latest standards available for supply of material (IS:8910-1978) and for chemical composition (IS :7887-1975†). 0.3This edition 4.2 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (March 1984) and Amendment No. 2 (June 2001). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendments. 0.4For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS:2-1960‡. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be same as that of the specified value in this standard. General technical delivery requirements for steel and steel products. †Mild steel wire rod for general engineering purposes. ‡Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). 3IS:279 - 1981 1. SCOPE 1.1This standard covers the requirements for two grades of galvanized steel wires (see Table1) suitable for use as: a)telegraph and telephone line wires, and b)binding and jointing wires for telegraph and telephone wires. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS:1956(Part V)-1976 * shall apply. 3. SUPPLY OF MATERIAL 3.1General requirements relating to the supply of galvanized steel wire for telegraph and telephone purposes shall conform to IS:8910-1978†. 4. MANUFACTURE 4.1Wire shall be drawn from the wire rods conforming to IS:7887-1975‡. 4.2The wire shall be drawn in a continuous piece of specified diameter as given in Table 1. 4.3Zinc ingots used for galvanizing shall conform to any of the grades specified in IS:209-1992 Zinc ingot or IS:13229-1991 Zinc for galvanizing. 5. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 5.1The requirements for chemical composition for the wires shall conform to those given in IS:7887-1975‡. 6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 6.1The physical and electrical properties of the wire shall be in accordance with those given in Table 1. 6.2Wrapping Test — Wrapping test shall be conducted in accordance with IS:1755-1961§. The wire, when wrapped eight times round its own diameter and subsequently unwrapped, shall withstand the test without breaking or cracking. Glossary of terms relating to iron and steel: Part V Bright steel bar and steel wire (first revision). †General technical delivery requirements for steel and steel products. ‡Specification for mild steel wire rod for general engineering purposes. §Method for wrapping test of wire. 4IS:279-1981 TABLE 1PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRES (Clauses 1.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 6.3, 6.5 and 7.1) DIAMETER MASS BREAKING RESISTANCE OF WIRE AT LOAD* 27°C†, MAX Nom Min Max Min Grade 1 Grade 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) mm mm mm kg/km N W /km W /km 1.50 1.46 1.54 13.8 660 71.4 87.7 1.80 1.76 1.84 19.9 940 49.5 60.9 2.0 1.95 2.05 24.7 1160 40.1 49.3 2.12 2.07 2.17 27.6 1305 35.7 43.9 2.50 2.44 2.56 38.3 1815 25.7 31.6 2.80 2.73 2.87 48.3 2295 20.5 25.2 3.55 3.46 3.64 77.3 3660 12.7 15.7 4.0 3.90 4.10 98.0 4680 10.0 12.3 5.60 5.50 5.70 192.3 9170 5.1 6.3 The values are based on nominal diameter of wire. †The values are based on mass of nominal sizes of wire. 6.3Tensile Test — The breaking load of the wire, when tested in accordance with IS:1521-1972, shall not be less than the values given in Table 1. 6.4Coating Test — The galvanized coating of steel wire shall conform to the requirements of heavy coating as given in IS:4826-1968†. 6.5Resistance Test — The electrical resistance in ohm per kilometre of the test sample multiplied by ×C shall be taken as the resistance per kilometre of the wire at 27°C and shall not exceed the maximum resistance values given in Table 1 for the two grades of wire. In this formula, the symbols shall have the following meanings assigned to them: W = Mass of test sample in kg/km, K = Mass (based on nominal size) in kg/km (see Table 1), and C = multiplier constant for correcting to27°C ( see Appendix A). Method for tensile testing of steel wire (first revision). †Specification for galvanized coatings on round steel wires. 5 (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239)(cid:254) (cid:252) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:253) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:239) (cid:254) W ----- KIS:279 - 1981 7. TOLERANCES 7.1The permitted tolerances regarding the diameter of each piece or coil shall conform to the requirements given in Table 1. 8. FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS 8.1All finished wire shall be well and cleanly drawn to the dimensions specified. It shall have a smooth and uniform galvanized coating and shall be sound and free from splits; surface flaws; rough, jagged and imperfect edges; and all other harmful surface defects. Each piece shall be in continuous length and shall not contain any joint or weld other than those in the rod before it was drawn. 9. SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY 9.1Sampling and criteria for conformity shall be as given in AppendixB. 10. PACKING 10.1Each coil of wire shall be bound securely at four places and suitably packed to avoid damage during transit. 10.1.1The inner diameter of each coil shall not exceed 600mm. 11. MARKING 11.1Each coil of wire shall be securely tagged with a label suitably marked with the following: a)Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, b)Year of manufacture, c)Coil number, and d)Weight of coil. 11.2Each coil shall be sealed with a lead disc which shall bear the purchaser’s acceptance mark. The lead disc shall be perforated parallel to the face so that the wire can be passed through it. The end of the wire shall then be flattened and the disc slipped over the flattened portion and secured by one or two blows with a hammer and stamped. 11.2.1The coil may also be marked with the ISI Certification Mark. NOTE — The use of the ISI Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution (Certification Marks) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The ISI Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. ISI marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the ISI Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 6IS:279-1981 A P P E N D I XA (Clause 6.5) MULTIPLIER CONSTANTS FOR CONVERSION OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE TO 27°C TEMPERATURE MULTIPLIER TEMPERATURE MULTIPLIER AT WHICH CONSTANT FOR AT WHICH CONSTANT FOR RESISTANCE CONVERTING RESISTANCE CONVERTING IS MEASURED TO 27°C IS MEASURED TO 27°C (1) (2) (1) (2) °C °C 5 1.1127 28 0.9953 6 1.1070 29 0.9909 7 1.1014 30 0.9864 8 1.0959 31 0.9819 9 1.0904 32 0.9775 10 1.0848 33 0.9732 11 1.0796 34 0.9688 12 1.0742 35 0.9645 13 1.0689 36 0.9602 14 1.0637 37 0.9560 15 1.0585 38 0.9516 16 1.0534 39 0.9472 17 1.0483 40 0.9430 18 1.0432 41 0.9384 19 1.0383 42 0.9339 20 1.0333 43 0.9296 21 1.0284 44 0.9251 22 1.0236 45 0.9209 23 1.0188 46 0.9165 24 1.0140 47 0.9122 25 1.0093 48 0.9077 26 1.0046 49 0.9033 27 1.0000 50 0.8989 7IS:279 - 1981 A P P E N D I XB (Clause 9.1) SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY B-1. LOT B-1.1In any consignment, all the coils of wire of the same grade and diameter, manufactured under essentially similar conditions of manufacture, shall be grouped together to constitute a lot. B-1.1.1Samples shall be taken from each lot and tested for conformity to the standard. B-2. SAMPLING B-2.1The number of coils to be taken from a lot shall be according to col 1 and 2 of Table 2. These samples shall be taken at random by using number tables (see IS:4905-1968). TABLE 2SCALE OF SAMPLING AND PERMISSIBLE NUMBER OF DEFECTIVES (Clauses B-2.1, B-3.1 and B-3.2) NO. OF COILS NO. OF COILS PERMISSIBLE NO. NO. OF TESTS IN A LOT FORPHYSICAL OF DEFECTIVE FOR CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS COILS REQUIREMENTS Up to 25 2 0 1 26 to 50 3 0 1 51 to 150 5 0 2 151 to 300 8 1 2 301 and above 13 1 2 B-3. PREPARATION OF SAMPLES AND NUMBER OF TESTS B-3.1Tests for Physical Requirements — From the coils selected from col 1 and 2 of Table2, adequate length of test piece shall be cut from each end and subjected to physical tests, namely, size, surface condition, tensile, wrapping, coating and resistance tests. A test piece failing to meet any one of the requirements, shall be called a defective. If the number of defectives found is less than or equal to the permissible number of the defectives specified in col 3 of Table 2, the lot shall be considered to have conformed to physical requirements. *Methods for random sampling. 8IS:279-1981 B-3.2Tests for Chemical Requirements — Unless otherwise agreed, the following procedure shall be followed for chemical requirements: From those tests pieces which have conformed to physical requirements, further test pieces shall be selected at random according to col 4 of Table 2. These samples shall be tested for all the chemical requirements. If a test piece fails to meet the respective chemical requirement, it shall be called a defective. The lot shall be considered to have conformed to the chemical requirements if all the individual test pieces tested for chemical requirements pass the test. B-4. CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY B-4.1A lot shall be considered to have conformed to the requirements of the specification if B-3.1 and B-3.2 are satisfied. 9INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS (SI UNITS) Base Units QUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL Length metre m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Thermodynamic kelvin K temperature Luminous intensity candela cd Amount of substance mole mol Supplementary Units QUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL Plane angle radian rad Solid angle steradian sr Derived Units QUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL DEFINITION Force newton N 1 N = 1 kg.m/s2 Energy joule J 1 J = 1 N.m Power watt W 1 W = 1 J/s Flux weber Wb 1 Wb = 1 V.s Flux density tesla T 1 T = 1 Wb/m2 Frequency hertz Hz 1 Hz = 1 c/s (s–1) Electric conductance siemens S 1 S = 1 A/V Electromotive force volt V 1 V = 1 W/A Pressure, stress pascal Pa 1 Pa = 1 N/m2Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed by Technical Committee:SMDC 5 and amended by MTD4 Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 March 1984 Amd. No. 2 June 2001 BUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg (cid:236) 323 76 17 (cid:237) NEW DELHI 110002 (cid:238) 323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi (cid:236) 3378499, 33785 61 (cid:237) KOLKATA700054 (cid:238) 3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 (cid:236) 603843 (cid:237) (cid:238) 602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 (cid:236) 2350216, 2350442 (cid:237) (cid:238) 2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) (cid:236) 8329295, 8327858 (cid:237) MUMBAI 400093 (cid:238) 8327891, 8327892 Branches :AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM
7834_2.pdf	( First Reprint MARCH 1993) IJDC 621’643.413.062’2 : [ 670’743’22 : 676-027’14 1:628-l IS : 7834 ( Part 2 ) - l9g7 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR INJECTION MOULDED PVC SOCKET FITTINGS WITH SOLVENT CEMENT JOINTS FOR WATER SUPPLIES PART 2 SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR 45” ELBOWS ( First Revision ) 1. Scope -This standard ( Part 2 ) lays’ down the requirements for manufacture, dimensions, tolerances and marking for 45” elbows made of injection moulded PVC for water supplies. 2. Requirements 2.1 General -The general requirements for material, manufacture, methods of test, sampling and inspection shall conform to IS : 7834 ( Part 1 )-I987 ‘Specification for injection moulded PVC socket Fittings with solvent cement joints for water supplies: Part 1 General requirements ( first revision )‘. 2.2 Manufacture 2.2.1 A typical illustration of elbow is given in Fig. 1. FIG. 1 45” Elbow 2.2.2 Laying Length - The laying length Z and the tolerance thereon shall comply with those given in Table 1. 2.2.3 The inside diameter of the socket and the socket length shall comply with those given in IS : 7834 ( Part 1 )-1987. 3. Marking - Each elbow fitting shall be marked with the following information: a) Manufacturer’s name or identification mark, and b) Size of the fitting and the appropriate class ( working pressure ) to which the pressure rating of the fitting corresponds. 1.1 Standard Mark -- Details available with the Bureau of Indian Standards. Adopted 25 November 1987 @JJ ;ne 1988, BIS Gr 1 I I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN. 0 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002IS : 7834 ( Part 2 ) - 1987 TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS FOR LAYING LENGTHS OF 45. ELBOWS (Clause 2.2-P; and Fig. 1 ) Sire 4P Elbow Laying Length, Z mm mm 16 4’5 j, 1 20 5ztl 26 6+ 1’2 -1 32 7‘5 + 1’6 -1 49 9.6 + 2 -1 60 11’5 + 2’5 -1 63 14 + 3’2 -1 76 16’5 + 4 -1 90 193 + 5 -1 110 23’5 + 6 -1 126 27 + 6 -1 140 30+7 -1 160 34 + 6 -1 160 33+6 -1 200 43 + 9 -1 226 43 + 10 -1 260 53+ 11 -1 230 60 + 12 -1 316 67 + 13 -1 EXPLANATORY NOTE The requirements of injection moulded PVC socket fittings are covered in eight parts, The other parts are as follows: Part 1 General requirements Part 3 Specific requirements for 90” elbows Part 4 Specific requirements for 90” tees Part 5 Specific requirements for 4S” tees Part 6 Specific requirements for sockets Part 7 Specific requirements for unions Part 8 Specific .requirements for caps This standard was first published in 1975 and covered sizes of fittings up to 160 mm. The present revision has been taken up to cover additional sizes of fittings up to 315 mm. 2 Printedit DseI (ry Printen.N ew Delhi. India
3025_18.pdf	IS : 3025 (Part 18) - 1984 (Reaffirmed 2002) Edition 2.1 UDC 628.1/.3 : 543.3 : 543.813 (1999-12) Adopted 25 January 1984 © BIS 2002 Price Group 1 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 ])0588( : 62 CDC : coD : feR[ lP : 62 CDC ,stneulffE dna retaW rof tseT fo sdohteM rof lenaP dna 62 CDC ,eettimmoC lanoitceS retaW Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTE WATER PART 18 VOLATILE AND FIXED RESIDUE (TOTAL, FILTERABLE AND NON-FILTERABLE) ( First Revision ) (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) 1.Scope — Prescribes a gravimetric method for the determination of volatile and fixed portions of total, filterable and non-filterable residues. The method is applicable to all types of water and waste water. 2. Terminology 2.1Total Fixed Residue — The dish with residue after completion of test for total residue is heated in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 1 hour. Total fixed and volatile residue are calculated from loss in mass, on ignition. 2.2Filterable Fixed Residue — The dish with residue after completion of test for filterable residue is heated in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 1 hour. Filterable fixed and volatile residue are calculated from loss of mass, on ignition. 2.3Non-filterable Fixed Residue — The filter with residue after completion of test for non-filterable residue is heated in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 1 hour. Non-filterable fixed and volatile residue are calculated from loss in mass after ignition. 3. Limitations 3.1The test is subject to many errors due to loss of water of crystallization, loss of volatile matter prior to combustion, incomplete oxidation of certain complex organics and decomposition of mineral salts during combustion. 3.2The results should not be considered as accurate measure of organic carbon in the sample. 3.3An important source of error in the determination is failure to obtain a representative sample. 4. Apparatus 4.1Evaporating Dish — 90mm, 100ml capacity made of platinum, porcelain, silica or borosilicate glass. Platinum is suitable for all tests; porcelain, silica and glass may be used for samples with a pHvalue less than 9.0. 4.2Steam-Bath 4.3Drying Oven — With thermostatic control for maintaining temperature up to 180 ± 2°C. 4.4Desiccator — Provided with a colour indicating desiccant. 4.5Muffle Furnace — Capable of operation at 550°C. 4.6Analytical Balance — Of 200g capacity and capable of weighing to nearest 0.1mg. 5.Sample Preservation and Handling — Preservation is not practical. Refrigeration or chilling to 4°C is recommended. 6. Procedure 6.1Heat the clean evaporating dish to 550°C for 1 hour. Cool, desiccate, weigh and store in desiccator until ready for use.IS : 3025 (Part 18) - 1984 6.2Select volume of the sample which has residue between 25 and 250mg, preferably between 100 and 200mg. This volume may be estimated from values of specific conductance. To obtain a measurable residue, successive aliquots of sample may be added to the sample dish. 6.3Pipette this volume in a weighed evaporating dish on steam-bath. Evaporation may also be performed in a drying oven. The temperature shall be lowered to approximately 98°C to prevent boiling and splattering of the sample. After complete evaporation of water from the residue, transfer the dish to an oven at 103-105°C or 179-181°C and dry to constant mass, that is, till the difference in the successive weighings is less than 0.5mg. Drying for a long duration (usually 1 to 2 hours) is done to elliminate necessity of checking for constant mass. The time for drying to constant mass with a given type of sample when a number of samples of nearly same type are to be analysed, has to be determined by trial. 6.4Weigh the dish as soon as it has cooled avoiding residue to stay for long time as some residues are hygroscopic and may absorb water from desiccant that is absolutely dry. 6.5After weighing, ignite the dish in a muffle furnace at 550°C for 1 hour. After ignition, allow the vessel to partially cool in air and transfer to desiccator, cool and weigh. Note — Residues from determination of total, filterable or non-filterable solids as determined In IS:3025 (Part15)-1984 ‘Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water: Part 15 Total residue (total solids — dissolved and suspended)’, IS:3025 (Part 16)-1984 ‘Method of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water: Part 16 Filterable residue (total dissolved solids)’ and IS:3025 (Part 17)-1984 ‘Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water and waste water: Part 17 Non-filterable residue (total suspended solids)’ may also be used for the determination of volatile and fixed residue (as the case may be). 7.Calculations — Calculate the fixed residue and volatile residue as follows (total, filterable or non-filterable): (A–B) 1000 Volatile residue, mg/l = ------------------------------------ V (B–C) 1000 Fixed residue, mg/l = ------------------------------------ V where A=mass in mg of residue and dish/filter before ignition, B=mass in mg of residue and dish/filter after ignition, C=mass in mg of dish/filter, and V=volume in ml of the sample. 8. Report — Report to the nearest whole number for values up to 100mg/l and to three significant figures for higher values. Report the temperature of determination. E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E The volatile and fixed components in the residue may be determined igniting the sample at 550°C. The determination is useful in the control of waste water plant operation because it offers a rough approximation of the amount of organic matter present in the solid fraction of waste water, activated sludge, industrial wastes, or bottom sediments. Since the results may also reflect loss of water of crystallization, loss of volatile organic matter before combustion, incomplete oxidation of certain complex organics, and decomposition of mineral salts during combustion, it may not yield an accurate measure of organic carbon. This method supersedes 9 of IS:2488 (Part 5)-1976 ‘Methods of sampling and test for industrial effluents, Part 5’ and 11 of IS:3025-1964 ‘Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water used in industry’. This edition 2.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (December 1999). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. 2
1367_5.pdf	-.— IS 1367( Part 5 ) :2002 — ISO 898-5:1998 Indian Standard TECHNICAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS FOR THREADED STEEL FASTENERS PART 5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FASTENERS MADE OF CARBON STEEL AND ALLOY STEEL—SET SCREWS AND SIMILAR THREADED FASTENERS NOT UNDER TENSILE STRESSES (Third Revision ) ICS 21.060.10 @BIS 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 November 2002 Price Group 4Bolts, Nuts and Fasteners Accessories Sectional Committee, BP 33 NATIONAL FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 5) (Third Revision) which is identical with ISO 898-5:1998 ‘Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel—Part 5:Set screws and similar threaded fasteners not under tensile stresses’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted bythe Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation ofthe Bolts, Nuts and Fasteners Accessories Sectional Committee and approval ofthe Basic and Production Engineering Division Council. This standard was originally published in 1961 and subsequently revised in 1967 and 1980. The last revision was based on lSO/DIS 898/V2. This revision of the standard has been taken up to align it with ISO 898-5:1998 by adoption under dual numbering system. The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard without deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is drawn especially to the following: a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘Indian Standard’. b) Comma (,) has been used as adecimal marker while in Indian Standards, the current practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker. Inthis adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted intheir place are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated: International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence ISO 965-3:1998 IS 14962(Part3):2001 ISO General purpose metric Identical screw threads—Tolerances: Part 3 Deviation for constructional screw threads ISO 4948-1:1982 IS 7598:1990 Classification of steels (first revision) Technically equivalent ISO 6506:1981 IS 1500:1983 Method for Brinell hardness test for do metallic materials (second revision) ISO 6507-1:1997 IS 1501 (Part 1):19841) Method for Vickers hardness do test for metallic materials : Part 1 HV 5 to HV 100 (second revision) ISO 6508:1986 IS 1586:2000Method for Rockwell hardness test for do metallic materials (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K 15N, 30N, 45N, 15T, 30T and 45T) (third revision) In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. I) BasedonISOfjsl)r:l982whichhasbeenrevisedin1997... IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 Indian Standard TECHNICAL SUPPLY CONDITIONS FOR THREADED STEEL FASTENERS PART 5 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FASTENERS MADE OF CARBON STEEL AND ALLOY STEEL—SET SCREWS AND SIMILAR THREADED FASTENERS NOT UNDER TENSILE STRESSES (Third Revision ) 1 scope This part of ISO898 specifies the mechanical propertiesof set screws and similarthreaded fasteners not under tensik stresses withnominalthread diameters from 1,8mm upto and including24 mm, whichare made ofcarbonsteel or alloy steel. The mechanical and physicalpropeflies apply when tested at an ambient temperature of 10‘C to 35 “C and willvary at higherorlowertemperatures. ThispartofISO 898 doesnotapplytosetscrewsrequiringspecialpropertiessuchas — specifiedtensilestresses(see ISO 896-1); — weldability; — corrosionresistance; — abilitytowithstandtemperatures above+ 300 “Corbelow-50 “C. NOTE— Setscrewsmadefromfree-cuttingsteelshouldnotbeusedabove+250“C. 2 Normative references The followingstandardscontainprovisionswhich,throughreferenceinthistext,constituteprovisionsofthispartofISO898. Atthetime ofpublication,the editionsindicatedwere valid.Allstandardsare subjecttorevision,and partiestoagreements based on this part of ISO 898 are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof appiyhg the most recent editions of the standardsindicatedbelow.Members ofIECand ISO maintainregistersofcurrentlyvalidInternationalStandards. ISO965-3:1998, ISOgeneral purposemetricscrewthreads—Tolerances — Part 3: Deviations for constructional threads. ISO4948-1:1982, Steels — Classification — Part 1: Classification of steak into una//oyed and alloy steels based on chemical composition. 1S0 6506:1981, Metallic materials — Hardness test— Brinell test. ISO 6507-1:1997, Metallicmaterials— Vickershardness test — Pan 1:Testmethod. ISO 6508:1986, Metallic materials — Hardness test — Rockwell test(scalesA -B-C-D-E-F-G-H-K).IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5: 1998 3 Designation system The propertyclassesaredesignatedbythesymbolsshownintable 1. The numericalpartofthesymbolrepresents1/1OoftheminimumVlckerehardness. The letterHinthesymbolreferstohardness. Tabla 1— Daaignationa of property classes in ralation to Vickers hardness Property class 14H 22H 33H 45H Vickera hardness, HV min. 140 220 330 450 4 Materials Set screws shallbemade ofsteelconformingtotherequirementsspecifiedintable2. For propertyclass45H, othermaterialsmaybe usedprovidedthattheprooftorquerequirementsin6.3 aremet. Table 2— Steel specifications Property class Material Heat treatment Chemical composition Y. (m/m) c P s max. min. max. max. 14H Carbon steel 1,2, — 0,50 — 0,11 0,15 22H Carbon steel3, Quenched andtempered 0,50 — 0,05 0,05 33H Carbon steel3, Quenched andtempered 0,50 — 0,05 0,05 45H Alloysteel3,4, Quenched and tempered 0,50 0,19 0,05 0,05 1) Free-cuttingsteelmaybeused,withleadcontent0,35% maximum,phosphoruscontent0,11Y. maximumandsulphurcontent 0,3470 maximum. I 2) Casehardenincijsallowedinthecaseofsquare-headsetscrews. I I 3) Steelwithleadcontent0,35% maximummaybe used. I I 4) Shallcontainoneormoreofalloyingelementschromium,nickel,molybdenum,vanadiumorboron,seeISO4948-1. \\IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 5 Mechanical properties When tested by the methods specified in clause6, the set screws shall have, at ambient temperature, the mechanical propertks specifiedintable3. Table 3— Mechanical properties Mechanical proparties Property class 1) 14H 22H 33H 45H Vickershardness HV 10 min. 140 220 330 450 max. 290 300 440 560 Brinellhardness HB, F=30 D2 min. 133 209 314 428 max. 276 285 418 532 HRB min. 75 95 — — Rockwell hardness max. 105 2) — — HRC min. — 2) 33 45 max. — 30 44 53 Torque strength — — — seetable5 Minimum heightofnon-decarburized thread zone, E — ; HI : HI : HI Maximum depth ofcomplete decarburization, G mm — 0,015 0,015 3) Surface hardness HV 0,3 max. — 320 450 580 1) Propertyclasses14H,22Hand33Harenotforhexagonsocketsetscrews. 2) Forproperlyclass22H,itisnecessarytotesttheminimumvalueinHRBandthemaximumvalueinHRC,ifRockwellhardness istested. 3) Nocompletedecarburizationpermittedinpropertyclass45H. 6 Test methods for determination of mechanical properties 6.1 Hardness tests Hardnesstestsshallbeconductedasnearas practicabletothecentrepositionofthepointendofthescrew.Ifthemaximum hardnessasgivenintable3isexceeded, aretestshallbeconductedonacross-section0,5 dbackfromthepointendwhere disthenominalthreaddiameter. Incase ofdoubt,theVickershardnesstestis decisiveforacceptance. Hardness readings for the surface hardness shall be taken on the end of the screw, which will be prepared by slightly grindingorpolishingtoensure reproduciblereadings. 6.1.1 Vickers hardness test The Vlckershardnesstestshallbecarriedoutinaccordance withtheprovisionsofISO 6507-1. 6.1.2 Brinell hardness tast The Brinellhardnesstestshallbecarriedoutinaccordance withtheprovisionsofISO6506. 3IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 6.1.3 Rockwell hardness test The RockwellhardnesstestshallbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofISO6508. 6.2 Decarburization test — evaluationofthesurfacecarboncondition Using the appropriate measuring method (6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 as applicable), the longitudinalsectionofthe thread shallbe examined todeterminethattheheightofthezoneofbase metal (E) andthedepthofthezonewithcompletedecarburization (G) are within specified limits,(see figure1). The minimumvalues for E and the maximum values forG are specifiedin table 3. 1 m I / 4 Key 1 Completelydecarburized 2 Partiallydecarbutized 3 Pitchline 4 Basemetal HI istheexternalthreadheightinthemaximummetalcondition Pigure 1— Zones of decarburization ,, 6.2.1 Definitions 6.2.1.1 base metal hardness: Hardnessclosesttothesurface(whentraversingfromcoretooutsidediameter)justbefore anincrease ordecrease occursdenotingcarburizationordecarburization. 6.2.1.2 decerburizetion: Generally,lossofcarbonatthesurfaceofcommercialferrousmaterials(steels). 6.2.1.3 partial decarburizetion: Decarburization with loss of carbon sufficient to cause a lighter shade of tempered martensite and significantlylowerhardness than that ofthe adjacent base metal, however withoutshowingferritegrains undermetallographicexamination. 6.2.1.4 complete decerburizstion: Decarburizationwithsufficientcarbon lossto show onlyclearly definedferritegrains i, undermetallographicexamination. 6.2.1.5 carburizetion: Processofincreasingsurfacecarbontoacontentabovethatofthebase metal. 4 \. IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 6.2.2 Measurement methods 6.2.2.1 Microscopic method ThismethodallowsthedeterminationofbothEandG. The specimens to be used are longitudinalsectionstaken throughthe thread axis approximately halfa nominal diameter fromthe end ofthe screw, afterallheat treatment operationshave been performedonthe product.The specimen shallbe mountedforgrindingandpolishinginaclamporplasticmount,thelatterbeingthepreferredmethod. Aftermounting,grindandpolishthesurfaceinaccordancewithgoodmetallographicpractice. Etchingina 3% nital(concentrated nitricacidinethanol) solutionisusuallysuitableforshowingchanges inmicrostructure caused bydecarburization. Unlessotherwiseagreed betweentheinterestedparties,a 100x magnificationshallbeusedforexamination. Ifthe microscope is ofa type witha groundglass screen, the extent ofdecarbunzation can be measured directlywitha scale. Ifaneyepiece isusedformeasurement, itshouldbeofanappropriatetype,containingacross-hairorascale. 6.2.2.2 Hardness method (referee methodforpartialdecarburizationandcarburization) The decarburizationtest bythe hardness measurement method isapplicable onlyforthreads withpitches,P, of 1,25 mm andlarger,exceptforpropertyclass45H, whereitisapplicableforallsizes. The hardness measurements are made at three pointsinaccordance withfigure2. Values forE are given intable4, The loadshallbe300 g. Dimensionsinmillimetres 2 1 I b 4 I L .—. — I +“ “R “ 3 1 HV2a HV1–30 HV3< HV2+30 Key 1,2,3 Measurementpoints 4 Pitchline Figure 2— Hardness measurements for decarburizetion test 5 \, i.IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 Table 4— Values for HI and E Pitch of P 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 1 1,25 1,5 1,75 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 the thread mm HI mm 0,307 0,368 0,429 0,491 0,613 0,767 0,920 1,074 1,227 1,534 1,840 2,147 2,454 22H 0,154 0,184 0,215 0,245 0,307 0,384 0,460 0,537 0,614 0,767 0,920 1,074 1,227 E min. ‘rope~ ~~H 0205 0245 0,286 0,327 0,409 0,511 0,613 0,716 0,818 1,023 1,227 1,431 1,636 class mm 45H 0,230 0,276 0,322 0,368 0,460 0,575 0,690 0,806 0,920 1,151 1,380 1,610 1,841 Hardness determination for point3 shall be made on the pitch line of the thread adjacent to the thread on which determinationsatpoints1and2aremade. The Vickers hardnessvalueatpoint2 (HV2)shallbeequaltoorgreaterthanthatatpoint1(HV1)minus30Vickers units.In thiscase the heightofthenon-decarburizedzoneEis atleastasspecifiedintable4. The Vickers hardness value at point3 (HV3) shallbe equal toorless than that at point1 (HV1) plus30 Vickers units.An increase ofmorethan30Vickersunitsin@catesthatcarburizationisnotpermissible. Complete decarburization up to the maximum specified in table3 cannot be detected by the hardness measurement method. NOTE— Carefuldifferentiatiosnhouldbemadebelweenanincreaseinhardnesscausedbycarburizationandthatduetoheattreatment orcoldworkingofthesurface, 6.3 Proof torque test for hexagon socket set screws of property class 45H Hexagon socketsetscrewsclass45H shallconformtotheprooftorquerequirementsgivenintable5. Table 5— Proof torque requirements Nominal thread Minimum length ofscrew for test Proof torque I diameter mm N.m Flatpoint Cone point Dog point Cup point 3 4 5 6 5 0,9 4 5 6 8 6 2,5 5 6 8 8 6 5 6 8 8 10 8 8,5 8 10 10 12 10 20 10 12 12 16 12 40 I 12 16 16 20 16 65 I 16 20 20 25 20 20 25 25 30 25 +-i 24 30 30 35 30 520 The setscrewshallbeinsertedinatestblockasshowninfigure3atleastuntilthetopsurfaceofthescrewface isflushwith thetestblockandthepointbearsonafirmbase,forexample abackingscrewinsertedfromtheotherside. 6IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5:1998 4 Key 1 Torquewrench 2 Setscrewundertest 3 Testblockhardnessmin.50HRC,toleranceclassoftheinternalthread5H(seeISO965-3) 4 Backingscrewhardness450HVto570 HV Figure 3— Torque test fixture Using a hexagon test bitwitha tolerance class ofh9 forthe widthsacrossflats,s,witha minimumwidthacross comers = 1,13 ~minandahardnessof55 HRC to60 HRC, engagingthefulldepthofthesetscrewsocket,thescrewshallwithstand theprooftorquegivenintable5withoutsplittingorcracking. Forthisprooftorquetest,acalibratedtorquemeasuringinstrumentshallbeused. Visualmarksatthesocketduetotorquetestingshallnotbecauseforrejection. 7 Marking 7.1 Marking of set screws with the property class Marldngofsetscrewswithpropertyclassesasdescribedinclause3isnotgenerallyrequired.Ifinspecialcases marldngis agreed betweentheinterestedpartiesthesymbolofthepropertyclassshouldbeusedasthemarkingsymbol. 7.2 Trsdemarking The manufacturer’sidentificationmarkingisnotrequired. 7 \,,\ \IS 1367 (Part 5) :2002 ISO 898-5.:1998 Annex A (informative) Bibliography . [1] ISO 898-1:1998, Mechanical propeflies of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs. [2] ISO 6507-2:1997, Mets//ic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 2: Verification of testing machines. 8 .Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Mian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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Scheme Vll M, V.I.P.Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 KOLKATA 700054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, C!-IANDIGARH 160022 603843 {602025 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2541216,2541442 {2542519,2541315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MlDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 {8327891,8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISAKHAPATNAM. Printed at Simco PrintingPress, Delhi \\
14223_1.pdf	IS 14223 ( Part 1 ) : 1995 wx?ibTm m fe gy vffm f~-qfwmT - f%ftiik d?T;;Z VTrC 1 Indian Standard POLISHEDBUILDINGSTONES- SPECIFICATION PART 1 GRANITE UDC 666963.2 @ BIS 1995 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC3 NEW DELHI 110002 February 1995 Price Groap 2Stones Sectional Committee, CED 6 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Stones Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Granite is an important structural and ornamental stone because of its high compressive strength and durability. Dimensioned granite should take and preserve high polish as it is susceptible of being carved for ornamental, monumental and inscription purposes. Uniformity in grain size and the uniform distribution of the constituent minerals generally control the colour, appearance, quality and the strength of the rocks. Based on appearance, granites may be broadly classified as i) Pink granites ( mostly covers alkali granites ); and ii) Grey and multi-coloured granites ( covering mostly talc alkali granites ). Granites occuring in several parts of India are widely distributed through out the archean terrain. Pink, red, grey and other multi-colour granites are presently being produced and exported from the country. This standard h.as therefore been formulated to guide the users as well as exporters about the various quality parameters of polished granite. This standard is formulated in parts. Part 1 of this standard has been formulated for granite only. The other parts of this standard covering rest of the building stones are under preparations. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. The compsition of the technical committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given at Annex B.IS 14223 ( Part 1) : 1995 Indian Standard POLISHED BUlLDING STONES - SPECIFICATION PART 1 GRANITE 1 SCOPE polish on the surface shall be checked with glassometer instrument and shall not be less 1.1 This standard covers physical properties than 95 percent. and finish requirements of polished granite used for various purposes. 7 MARKING 2 REFERENCES 7.1 Slabs may be marked in a suitable manner with the manufacturer’s identification mark or The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are initials. necessary adjuncts to this standard. 7.2 BIS Certification Marking 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS The product may also be marked with Standard 3.1 Granites should be free from all imperfec- Mark. tions and injurious minerals that may interfere with the appearance, strength, structural inte- 7.2.1 The use of the Standard Mark is governed grity and its amenability to take good polish. by the provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Imperfections are mostly imparted by the Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made textural variations which is a function of degree thereunder. The details of conditions under of uniformity and the distribution of the which the licence for the use of Standard Mark constituent minerals. Hair line cracks/joints, may be granted to manufacturers or producers flowers, moles, knots, white and dark lines due may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian to segregation of light coloured minerals in Standards. multi-coloured granites and ferromagnesium minerals in light coloured granites are consi- 8 SAMPLING dered to be the imperfections. Granites should 8.1 Lot be free from deletereous minerals such as pyrite, marcasite and minerals such as biotite, chlorite, In any consignment all the slabs of the same ilmenite, etc, which interfere with the colour quarry shall be grouped together to constitute a and appearance on weathering and also affect lot. polishing characteristics. 8.1.1 Samples shall be selected and tested 4 DIMENSIONS separately for each lot for determining its conformity or otherwise to the requirements of 4.1 Slabs the specification. 4.1.1 The slabs shall be rectangular or square 8.2 The number of slabs to be selected for the and of specified dimensions, The tolerance on sample shall depend upon the size of the lot length and breadth shall be f 2 mm and on and shaI1 be in accordance with Table 2. thickness f 1 mm. The bottom face may be rough but the top surface shall be fine polished 8.2.1 The slabs in the sample shall be selected and joint faces shall be dressed with the top at random in accordance with IS 4905 ; 1968. surface without hollowness and spalling off. 8.3 All the slabs selected in accordance with 5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES co1 2 of Table 2 shall be examined for general requirements, dimensions and finish. Any slab 5.1 The physical properties of granite shall failing in any one or more of the above require- conform to the requirements given in Table 1. ments shall be considered as defective. A lot shall be considered as conforming to those 6 FINISH requirements if the number of defective slabs 6.1 The surface of the polished granite shall be obtained is not more than the permissible mirror finish without any hairline crack. The number of defectives given in co1 3 of Table 2.IS 14223( Part 1) : 1995 Table 1 Physical Properties of Granite ( Clause 5.1 ) Characteristic Requirements Test Methods, Ref to ------A_----, Indian Standard Pink ‘Granite Multi-colourld and Grey Granites Moisture content ( percent ) 0.15 Max 0.15 MUX 13030 : 1991 Dry density ( m/v ) 2.58 t:, 2.63 2.60 to 2.68 13030 : 1991 Specific gravity ( Min ) 2.15 2.75 1124 i 1974 Water absorptioil 0.50 ( MUX ) 0.50 ( MUX ) 1124 : 1974 Porosity ( percent j 1.02 to 2.50 1 to2 1124 : 1974 Compressive strength ( kg/cm? ) 1 OGO- 1 500 i .x0- 2 200 1121 ( PZXt 1 ) : 1974 Tensile strength ( Min ) 90 kg/cm8 90 kg/cm* 1121 ( Part 3 ) : 1974 Shear strength ( kg/cm’ ) 280- 425 300 - s40 1121 ( Part 4 ) : 1074 Hardness (mohs ) 6to7 6 to 7 13630 ( Part 13 ) : 1993 Hardness ( Schmidt ) No. 80 to 100 85 to 110 12608 :1989 Hardness (shore ) No. 50 to 60 46 to 61 12608 : 1989 Ultrasonic pulse velocity 5 000 Min 5 000 Min 13311 (Part 1 ) : 1992 Resistance to wear Not greater than Not greater than 2 mm 1706 : 1972 2 mm on the OII the average and average and 2.5 2.5 mm for any indivi- mm for any dual specimen individual speci- men Table 2 Sample Size and Criteria for 8.4 The lot having been found satisfactory with Conformity respect to dimensions, general requirements ( Clauses 8.2 and 8.3 ) and finish shall be tested for physical proper- ties. For this purpose a sub-sample of size given Number of Number of Permissible Sub-sample Slabs in Slabs to be Number of Size in in co1 4 of Table 2 shall be selected at random. the Lot Selected in Defectives Number A lot shall be considered having been satisfied Sample the requirements of the physical properties if none of the slabs tested for the physical up tb” 100 requirements as per 5.1 failed in any of the 101 to 300 tests. 350011 ttoo 1050000 ANNEX A ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 1 l;JJ4Part 1 ) : Methods of test for determina- 1121 ( Part 3 ) : Methods of test for determina- tion of strength properties of 1974 tion of strength properties of natural building stones : Part 1 natural building stones : Part 3 Compressive strength (first Tensile strength (first revision) revision j ( Amendment 1 ) ( Reaffirmed 1993 ) ( Reaffirmed 1993 ) 2IS 14223 ( Part 1 ) : 1995 IS No. Title IS No. Title 1121 ( Part 4 ) : Methods of test for determi- 4905 : 1968 Methods for random sampling 1974 nation of strength properties ( Reaffirmed 1990 ) of natural building stones : 12608 : 1989 Methods of test for hardness Part 4 Shear strength (first of rock revision ) ( Reaffirmed 1993 ) 13030: 1991 Method of test for laboratory 1124 : 1974 Methods of test for determi- detemination of water con- nation of water absorption, tent, porosity, density and apparent specific gravity and related properties of rock porosity of natural building material stones ( jirst revision ) 13311 ( Part 1 ) : Methods of non-destructive ( Reaffirmed 1990 ) 1992 testing of concrete : Part 1 Ultrasonic pulse velocity 1706 : 1972 Method for determination of resistance to wear by abrasion 13630 ( Part 13 ) : Methods of test for ceramic of natural building stones 1993 tiles : Part 13 Determination (jirst revision ) ( Reaffirmed of scratch hardness of surface 1993 ) according to MohsIS 14223 ( Part 1 ) : 1995 ANNEX R ( Foreword ) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Composition of the Stones Sectional Committee, CED 6 Chairman Representing DR V. M. SHARMA Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi Members SHRI K. K. AGRAWALA Builder’s Association of India, Bombay SHRI K. K. M.~DH~K ( Ahernate ) SHRI R. K. BANSAL Delhi Marble Dealers Association, Delhi SHRI I. M. BHATIA Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRI A. K. BHATTACHARYA Ministry of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRI P. BHASKARAN ( Alternate ) SHRI N. S. BOHRA Directorate of Mines and Geology, Rajasthan SHRI 0. P. JAIN ( Altemte ) MAJOR P. K. CHATURVEDI Engineering-in- Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi LT-COL S. N. BOLAKHE ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER Directorate General Border Roads, New Delhi SHRI I. C. DOGRA ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR Directorate of Geology and Mining, Lucknow ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR ( Ahernate ) SHRI H. M. DAYAL Geological Survey of India, Lacknow SHRI A. K. SRIVASTAVA ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR ( GERI ) Narmada & Water Resources Department, Government of Gujarat RESEARCH OFFICER, MTD ( GERI ) ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik RESEARCH OFFICER, ( MTD ) ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Himayat Sagar, Hyderabad SHRI S. M. DUGGAR Public Works Departmeat, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur SHRI HARI OM PRAKASH ( Ahernate ) &RI D. K . KANANGO National Test House, Calcutta SHRI B. K. MANDAL ( Alternate ) SHRI R. G. LIMAYE Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay DR G. S. MEHROTRA Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR DINESH CHANDRA ( Alternate ) SHRI Y. R. PHULL Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi SHR~ P. C. PUROHIT Rajasthan State Mineral Development Corporation Ltd, Jaipur SHRI M. KEVALIA ( AIIernare ) SHRI 0. P. SACHDEVA Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur SHRI R. M. UMATHEY ( Alternate ) SHRI LAKHBIR SINGH SONKHLA Public Works Department, Goverment of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla SUPERINTENDINGE NGINEER ( DESIONS) Public Works Department, Goverment of Tamil Nadu,Madras JOINT CHIEF ENGINEER ( GENERAL ) ( Alternate ) SHRI J. V. WAGH Associated Stones Industries ( Kotah ) Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. K. AJMERA ( Alternate ) SHRI J. V~NKATARAMAN, Director General, BIS ( Ex-officio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI R. S. JUNEJA Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS 4Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, I986 to promote harmoious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its pubiications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and Standards Monthly Addition’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot : No. CED 6 ( 5264 ). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Ot3ces : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 { 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T. Scheme VIII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola f37 84 99, 37 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 I 37 86 26, 37 86 62 l-60 3843, Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 160 20 25, f235 02 16, 235 04 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 1235 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) t-632 92 95, 632 78 58 BOMBAY 40009 3 1632 78 91, 632 78 92 Branch : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD, GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR LUCKNOW. PATNA. THIRUVANANTHPURAM. Printed at PrintwellP rinters, Aligarh, India
1106.pdf	WC 666-171 : 621’798’147 : 688.634 IS: 1106 - 1986 /San Standard SPECIFICATION FOR DISTILLED WATER GLASS BOTTLES ( First Revision ) 1. Scope - Lays down the requirements for distilled water glass bottles. 2. Terminology 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions as given in IS : 1382-1981 ‘Glossary of terms relating to glass and glassware ( first revision )’ and IS : 6654-1982 ‘Glossary of terms relating to glass containers (first revision )’ shall apply. 3. Nominal Capacity - The bottle shall be of 750 ml nominal capacity. d. Material - The bottles shall be manufactured either from colourless glass or glass with a slight tinge of colour. 5. Capacity and Mass - The nominal capacity, capacity at filling level, brimful capacity and the mass of the bottles shall be as follows: Nominal Capacity at Brimful Mass, Capacity Filling Level Capacity Max ml ml ml g 750 750 f 10 767 f 10 454 5. General Requirements I.1 The bottle shall be free from blisters, cracks, mould marks, stones and chippings and as far as lossible shall be free from bubbles, cords, seeds and other visible defects. The glass shall be ransparent. i.2 The bottles shall be well formed with the distribution of glass all over the walls and the base, nvoiding any wedge bottom and, particularly thin sections in the walls. 1. Tests f.1 Alkalinity Test - The bottles shall satisfy the requirements as given in Appendix A. I.2 Verticality Test - A vertical line through the centre of the circle formed by the inside leek opening shall pass through the centre of the circle described by the widest diameter at the lottom of the bottle. The variation in verticality when tested according to the method given n Appendix 6 shall not exceed 1.6 mm. 1.3 Thermal Shock Test -The bottle shall be subjected to thermal shock test as laid down n IS : 11936-1986 ‘Method of thermal shock test for glass containers’. The temperature differential : tl - ts ) shall be 43°C. 1. Packaging - The bottle shall be packed as agreed to between the purchaser and the supplier. L Marking - Each bottle shall be permanently and legibly marked with the maker’s name or his .egistered trade-mark. B.1 Certification Marking - Details available with the Bureau of Indian Standards. Adopted 26 November 1986 @ October, 1987 BIS Or 2 I I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002IS : 1108 - 1986 APPENDIX A ( Clause 7.1 ) TEST FOR ALKALINITY A-l. Apparatus A-l.1 Erlenmeyer Flask - of resistant glass and of 250 ml capacity. A-l.2 Mortar - a suitable mortar made of steel. A-l.3 Test Sieves - two, one 600 cLm IS Sieve and the other 425 pm IS Sieve [ see IS : 460 ( Part 1 ) - 1985 ‘Specification for test sieves : Part 1 Wire cloth test sieves ( third revision )‘I. A-2. Reagents A-2.1 Quality of Reagents - Unless specified otherwise, pure chemicals shall be employed in the test, and distilled water [see IS: 1070- 1977 ‘Water for general laboratory use (second revision )‘] shall be used where the use of water as a reagent is intended. Note--Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not contain impurities which affect the results of analysis. A-2.2 The following reagents are required. A-2.2.1 Standard hydrochloric acid - 0’01 N. A-2.2.2 Ethyl alcohol or rectified spirit - 95 percent by volume [ conforming to IS: 3X3-1959 ‘Rectified spirit ( revised )’ 1. A-2.2.3 Standard sodium hydroxide solution - 0’05 N. A-2.2.4 Methyl red indicator - Dissolve 0’04 g of methyl red in 75 ml ethyl alcohol or rectified spirit. Add 1’5 ml of standard sodium hydroxide solution or a quantity sufficient to ensure that the colour of the solution corresponds to pH 5.2 and then dilute to 100 ml with water. A-2.2.5 Test solution - Add 0.4 ml of standard hydrochloric acid and 0.4 ml of methyl red indicator to 100 ml of water. The colour of the solution should be pink. Boil the solution for some time in an Erlenmeyer flask which has been previously tested in accordance with the test given in A-3.1. A-3. Testing of Erlenmeyer Flask A-3.1 Boil the test solution in Erlenmeyer flask (see A-2.2.5 ) and while boiling transfer to the Erlenmeyer flask to be tested. Place the flask quickly in a bath of boiling water so that the level of the solution contained in it is below the level of the water in the bath. Continue boiling for one hour and at the end of this period observe the colour of the solution. Reject the flask if any change of colour of the test solution has taken place. A-3.1.1 Erlenmeyer flasks which have once passed the test ( see A-3.1 ) may fail to do so after prolonged storage. In such a case, they should be washed with a 5 percent (w/v) solution of glacial acetic acid followed by a wash with water until free from acid before use, A-4. Procedure A-4.1 Crush the two glass bottles selected for this test ( see A-l.2 ), such that the crushed glass completely passes through 600 pm IS Sieve but fails to pass through 425 pm IS Sieve. Spread the crushed glass on a glazed paper and pass a magnet over them to remove any particles of iron which may have been introduced during crushing. Weigh accurately 5 g of the crushed glass, wash free from dust by repeated washing with ethyl alcohol or rectified spirit and dry at 100 f 2°C. Transfer the clean, dry crushed glass to the Erlenmeyer flask ( see A-3.1 ) and treat with 100 ml of a fresh portion of the boiling test solution. Place the flask quickly in a bath of boiling water so that the level of the solution contained in it is below the level of the water in the bath. Continue boiling for 30 minutes. Titrate the solution without filtering to the original pink colour with standard hydrochloric acid. A-4.1.1 The glass bottles shall be taken to have satisfied the test if not more than 3 ml 0’01 N hydrochloric acid are required for the titration. 2APPENDIX 6 ( Clause 7.2 ) TEST FOR VERTICALITY OF BOTTLES B-O. General B-0.1 This test determines the combined effect of the offset of mouth with the body and mouth being at an angle of the body. B-l. Assembly B-l.1 Assembly for the determination of verticality shall be as shown in Fig, 1. DIAL INDICATOR HARDENED PIECE BASE PLATE FIG. 1 ASSEMBLY FOR TESTING VERTICALITY OF BOTTLE B-2. Procedure B-2.1 Fill the bottle with water in order to give in more stability and place it on its base on the flat plate having a pillar bolted to it at right angles. Adjust the ‘V’ block mounted on the pillar in such a manner that it is in contact with the outer diameter of the bottle at about the middle, Adjust the dial indicator fitted to the pillar so that its measuring point comes in contact with the outer edge of the neck of the bottle. Rotate the bottle, keeping the body always in contact with the ‘V’ block, Note down the maximum deflection on the indicator. B-2.1.1 Half of the total deflection shown by an indicator shall be the variation in verticality. 3IS:l106-1886 EXPLANATORY NOTE This standard was first issued in 1957 and was reaffirmed in 1978. This revision gives the requirements for distilled water bottles. In the present standard, the nominal size of the bottle has been specified as 750 ml in place of 560 ml as this size of bottle is commonly used. Also the requirements pertaining to capacity at filling level, brimful capacity and the mass of the bottles has been incorporated in the standard. The 1957 version of the standard had felt the need of inclusion of bursting pressure test and this question was discussed in detail and it was felt by the committee responsible for preparing this standard that there was no need of specifying the internal pressure resistance test. The verticality test and thermal shock test have been laid down in this version of the standard. The sampling clause has been deleted from the revision as it is planned to prepare a separate Indian Standard on sampling criteria for glass containers and a reference will be made of this standard when available. This standard does not cater for the bottles for medicinal purposes. Printed at New India Printino Press. Khurla. India
9401_5.pdf	IS : 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF WORKS IN RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS ( DAMS AND APPURTENANT STRUCTURES ) PART V MASONRY Method of Measurement of Works of River Valley Projects, BDC 69 Chairman Representing SHRI S. P. CAPRII~AN Irrigation Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal Members SHRI K. D. ARGOT Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SHRI G. K. NATRAJAN ( Akcrnafs ) SHRI J. BAHADUR Irrigation Department, Government of Bihar, Patna CHIEE ENQINEER, IRRIQATION Irrigation Department, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore C (RN’?: )ENBLNEICB ( MAJOR Irrigation Department, Government of Andhra IRRITATION & GENERAL ) Pradesh, Hyderabad CHIEF ENGINEER I MEDIUM IRRITATION & D&I~NS ) ( Alternate) CHIEF ENQINEER ( PROJECTS ) Water and Power ( Irrigation ) Department, Government of Kcrala. , Trivandrum DEPUTY CHIEB ENQINEER SHRI s( F;;~F ) ( Alternate ) . . Irrigation and Waterways Department, Government of West Bengal, Calcutta DIREOTOR ( R & C ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi SHRI OM PRAKASH GIJPTA Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradeah, Lucknow SHRI G. G. KARMARKAR Institution of Surveyors, Delhi SHRI B. N. MATHUR Irrigation Department, Government of Rajasthan, SHRI T. S. MURTHY Nati%?6rojects, Construction Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRI M. G. SAMPATHKUMARAN ( A[temate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) @ Cofiyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian CopyIight Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any Feans except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infrmgementO f copyrightu nder the said Act.IS : 9401( Part V ) - 1980 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing SERI G. A. MUSTAFBA Public Works Department, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar SHRI R. G. PATEL Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat, Ahmedabad Saxr P. S. RAO Irrigation Department, Government of Haryaaa, Chandigarh SHRI D.M. SAVUR Hindustan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SIIRI K. N. SEUKLA Irrigation Department, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay SHRI D. AJITHA SIYHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) SHRI J. VENKATARAMAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), ISI 2IS t 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 Indian Standard METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF WORKS IN RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS ( DAMS AND APPURTENANT STRUCTURES ) PART V MASONRY 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part V ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 29 January 1980, after the draft finalized by the Method of Measurement of Works of River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 In measurements of quantities in construction of river valley projects a large diversity of methods exists at present according to local practices. This lack of uniformity creates complication regarding measurements and payments. The estimator is also left in doubt as to the true mean- ing and intention of items in the schedule of work. This standard is intended to provide a uniform basis for measuring masonry works in the construction of river valley projects. 0.2.1 The provisions contained in this standard will generally have precedence over the provisions in IS : 1200 ( Part III )-1976* and IS : 1200 ( Part IV )-1976t. However, the provisions of both these standards and this standard be considered complimentary and supple- mentary to each other. 0.3 In reporting the result of measurements made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960:. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part V ) covers the method of measurement of masonry works in river valley projects ( dams and appurtenant structures ). Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: Part 111 Brick_ work ( third rcuirion ). t&thod of measurement of building and civil engineering works: Part IV Stone masonry ( third r&ion ). fRu]es for rounding off numerical values ( rehd ). 3IS : 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 2. GENERAL 2.1 The purpose of measurement of proposed work is preparation of bill of quantiries for estimating and tendering. The purpose of measure- ment of executed work is assessment of value of work for payment. In either case the method of measurements should be such that it is fairly quick, reasonably accurate and amenable to check at any time. 2.2 In case of measurement of proposed work, the dimensions are scaled or read from drawings and then worked up that is reduced to length, area, or volume in recognized units of measurements for the particular item. In case of assessment of executed work, the dimensions are measured in the field. Calculations of length, area, volume, weight, etc, are made on the basis of these dimensions and payments are made accordingly. Where measurement of a number of units are the same it is the usual practice to take measurements of one unit and multiply the calculated length, area or volume by the number of units. 2.3 Measurements shall be taken to nearest centimetre including of levels. Fractions less than half shall be disregarded and fractions half and above are to be regarded as unity. Areas shall be worked out to be nearest 0.01 m2 and cubic contents shall be worked out to nearest 0.01 ms. However, in measurement of repetitive nature, this practice shall be applied to the total of the item and not to individual unit. It is essential that measurements shall be as accurate as possible. 2.4 Measurements are closely linked with detailed drawings, description of items and specifications of the work. These should, therefore, be very clear and properly worded and the order of precedence shall be sanctioned drawings, approved specifications and specified description of items. 3. MEASUREMENT OF IRREGULAR AREAS AND VOLUMES 3.1 The irregular area shall be divided into a number of figures of known area, say, triangles, rectangles, etc. The remaining part ( which cannot be formed into a triangle or a regular figure ) may be evaluated by taking out average height drawn on a common base by Simp,ons Rule. 3.2 In case of an irregular volume, the volume shall be determined by the Prismoidal formula. 4. MEASUREMENT OF MASONRY WORKS 4.1 General 4.1.1 Masonry work differing in characteristic and specification shall be given and measured under separate headings. 4IS : 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 4.1.2 The work executed shall be specified clearly that is stone, mortar ( ratio, percentage with respect to volume of work, water: cement ratio ), and labour. It shall be stated if the stone is to be set on its natural bed or otherwise. 4.1.3 No deduction shall be made for the following: a) Any opening of embedded material up to 0.05 ma in area; b) Plates or the like where thickness does not exceed 100 mm and bearing does not extend over the entire area; c) Blocks for hold fasts, holding down bolts and the like; and d) For chamfers provided, if any, less than 50 x 50 mm. 4.1.4 Works shall be measured under different categories in stages of 3 m stating the height above ground level or depth below ground level as the case may be indicating the ground level. 4.2 Masonry Work 4.2.1 Masonry work shall be measured in cubic metres including finishing of face which should be clearly stated and including all labour ( except as stated otherwise ), necessary staging, shoring, hoisting, etc, setting, jointing, pointing and for preparing of slurry, cleaning off and rubbing down on completion, if required. 4.2.2 The measurement shall be made to the neat lines of structure as shown in the drawing or actually executed whichever is less. 4.2.3 In case of structures having base area 500 ma and above, the measurement shall be made according to pre-work and post-work levels dividing the area into small glids of 3 metre square. 4.2.4 In measurement volume of embedded pipes, recesses, passages, chambers, openings, cavities, depressions, drains and niches and other metal works excluding reinforcement, bolts and HT cables, etc, having a cross-sectional area more than 0.05 ma shall be deducted. 4.2.5 For slurry or cement mortar required in construction joints, no separate measurement for its use shall be made as these form part of masonry. 4.3 Extra Lift 4.3.1 An item of extra lift measured in cubic metres shall be given for all masonry works above 3 metres from the ground level in stages of 3 metre each inclusive of necessary staging, shoring, hoisting,‘etc. 4.3.2 Similarly an item of extra descending measured in cubic metres shall be given for all masonry works more than 3 metres from the ground 5IS : 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 level and in stages of 3 metres each including necessary staging, shoring, etc. 4.4 Piers, Pillars/Columns, etc 4.4.1 Masonry work in piers, pillars/columns, etc, shall be fully descri- bed and measured in cubic metres according to following categories: a) Rectangular or polygonal on plan, b) Curved on plan to any radius, or c) Any other type. 4.5 Masonry in Arches 4.5.1 Masonry work in arches shall be described and measured separately in cubic metres including centering for spans up to 2 metres. 4.5.2 For spans exceeding 2 t-n centering shall be measured separately. 4.5.3 Facing to arches shall be measured separately. 4.6 Facing and Hearting Work 4.6.1 If the facing work is of different specification than hearting, facing work shall be measured separately on the basis of exposed surface multiplied by depth of facing as specified or actual whichever is less, in cubic metres. 4.6.2 The measurement of hearting shall be in cubic metres worked Out on the basis of total volume of masonry minus the volume of facing work worked out as in 4.6.1. 4.7 Masohry Work Built Entirely of Facing Block - Parapet or boundary walls, which are built fair face both sides or entirely of facing blocks shall be measured on its central line as a single item in square metres. 4.8 Special Work 4,S.l Any special stone work less than 25 cm in thickness shall be measured in square metres, stating the thickness, describing the face work and other connected works to be done. 4.8.2 Any special pointing work required to be done shall be measured in square metres describing the nature of work mcluding materials to be used. 4.9 Band - Masonry work. in bands shall be measured in running metres stating the thickness, If the width 1s less than 25 cm otherwise in square metres. 6IS : 9401 ( Part V ) - 1980 4.10 Projections - Projections to masonry, such as footing, attached piers, etc, shall be measured in cubic metres. 4.11 Cornices, Copings, Strings, etc - Masonry work in cornices, string course, plinth courses, sills, coping, etc, shall be described and measured in running metres. 4.12 Ornamental Works - Masonry work in ornamental works such as bead, dart and similar items shall be described and measured separa- tely in running metres. 4.13 Block-Outs 4.13.1 Block-outs in masonry work shall be measured in running metres specifying the shape of the block-outs including dimensions. 4.13.2 Filling work required to be done in block-outs shall be described in detail and measured in running metres. 4.14 Cutting Grooves - Cutting grooves shall be measured in running metres specifying the shape and size of cutting. 4.15 Cutting of Openings - Cutting of openings shall be measured in cubic metre and item shall include provision for fixing and removal of existing support and temporary support. 4.16 Levelling-Up - When levellinpup of uncoursed or random work is required, it shall be measured separately in square metres and the material, such as concrete or mortar to be used in levelling-up shall be described.INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS ( SI UNITS ) Base Units QUANTITY UNIT SYMBOL Length metre m Mass kilogram kg Time second s Electric current ampere A Thermodynamic kelvin K temperature Luminous intensity candela cd Amount of substance mole mol Supplementary Units QUANTITY UNIT SY YIBOL Plane angle radian rad Solid angle steradiari sr Derived Units QUANTITY UNIX SYZslBOL DEFINITION Force newton N 1 N - 1 kg.mJs Energy joule J 1 J = lN.m Power watt W IW - 1 J/s Flux weber Wb 1 Wb = 1 V.s Flux density tesla T 1 T - 1 Wb/ms Frequency hertz HZ 1 Hz = 1 c/s (s-1) Electric conductance sicmcns S 1 S==lA/V Electromotive force volt V 1 V- 1 W/A Pressure, atreas pascol Pa 1 Pa-IN/m’
2094_3.pdf	IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 (SupersedingIS4198) Edition1.1 (2000-03) Indian Standard HEATER FOR BITUMEN (TAR) AND EMULSION — SPECIFICATION PART 3 EMULSION (Incorporating Amendment No. 1) ICS 91.220.75.140 © BIS 2002 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 3Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee, HMD 18 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 3) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee, had been approved by the Heavy Mechanical Engineering Division Council. Construction Plant and Machinery Sectional Committee had published the following Indian Standards: IS 2093 : 1974 Specification for distributors for hot tar and bitumen ( first revision ) IS 2094 : 1996 Heaters for bitumen (tar) and emulsion — Specification ( second revision ) IS 4198 : 1967 Specification for emulsion spraying machine for roads The above standards are related to the same subject and, therefore, the Sectional Committee while revising IS 2093 and IS 4198 decided that the revision of these standards be made as Part 2 and Part 3 respectively of IS 2094 and the existing IS 2094:1996 be treated as Part 1 of IS 2094. As per the decision, the standards now covered under IS 2094 shall be as under: IS 2094 (Part 1) Heater for bitumen (tar) and emulsion — Specification : Part 1 Bitumen heaters IS 2094 (Part 2) Heaters for bitumen (tar) and emulsion — Specification : Part 2 Bitumen sprayers IS 2094 (Part 3) Heaters for bitumen (tar) and emulsion — Specification : Part 3 Emulsion Further, it was decided to withdraw the standards IS 2093 and IS 4198. Distributors and sprayers for tar, bitumen and bitumen emulsion are key items of equipment in the pavement construction work, such as grouting, surface dressing and tack coats. The essential function of mechanical sprayers is to apply the binder evenly to a sprayer in accurately measured quantities and to continue to do so during the application of entire load irrespective of change of gradient and direction. Very accurate and even distribution of emulsion may not be possible with hand-sprayers, although reasonably uniform results may be obtained with such sprayers by proper control and supervision. This standard covering hand-sprayers and mechanical sprayers for bitumen emulsion has been prepared with a view to assisting the users in obtaining sprayers capable of distributing emulsions uniformly to the specified standard and having satisfactory mechanical efficiency. This standard includes a number of requirements which are at the option of the purchaser. For the sake of convenience to the purchaser and the supplier, requirements to be specified by the purchaser while making an enquiry or placing an order for emulsion sprayers have also been listed in Annex A. In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to International Standards and practices prevailing in different countries and also practices in this field in our country. This standard has taken considerable assistance from BS : 3136-1959 ‘Emulsion spraying machines for roads’, issued by the British Standards Institution. This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (March 2000). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendment. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 Indian Standard HEATER FOR BITUMEN (TAR) AND EMULSION — SPECIFICATION PART 3 EMULSION 1 SCOPE 4 TYPES This standard (Part 3) lays down the 4.1The sprayers shall be of the following types. requirements regarding materials, design, They may be mobile or transportable. construction, capacity and performance criteria 4.1.1 Hand-Spraying Unit for mobile and transportable machines for a)Tanks and spraying equipment for hand spraying emulsions in the surface treatment spraying, with manually operated or and grouting or semi-grouting of roads. mechanically operated pressure systems; 2 REFERENCES or The Indian Standards listed below are b)An appliance which would allow for hand- necessary adjuncts to this standard. spraying, with manually operated or mechanically operated pressure system IS No. Title directly from the emulsion drum. 554 : 1985 Dimensions for pipe threads where pressure tight joints are 4.1.2 Mechanical Hand-Spraying Unit required on the thread (third Mechanical tank spraying units provided with revision) a series of nozzles fixed to a transverse header 3117:1965 Specification for bitumen holding emulsion under pressure. emulsion for roads (anionic 5 CAPACITY type) 5.1The capacity of the sprayers shall be SECTION 1 GENERAL indicated by the capacity of the tank or the drum containing the emulsion to be sprayed. 3 TERMINOLOGY The sprayer shall have the following nominal capacities such as 200, 300, 500 and 1000 For the purpose of this standard, the following litres. definitions shall apply. 5.1.1Sprayers of other capacities may be 3.1 Emulsion supplied by mutual agreement between the An emulsion of bitumen complying with the purchaser and the supplier. requirements of IS 3117 or an emulsion of 5.1.2The actual capacity of the sprayer shall be bitumen or tar of a type accepted within the at least 10 percent greater than the nominal industry for application to surface dressing, capacity. grouting, retread, tack-coat, mist spray, curing concrete or concrete slip-coat. 6 TANKS 3.2 Rate of Spread 6.1When the sprayer is fitted with a tank to which the emulsion is transferred before The number of square metres of road surface spraying, the tank shall conform to the covered by one litre of emulsion. requirements of 6.1.1 and 6.1.5. 3.3 Mobile Sprayer 6.1.1The tank shall be totally enclosed so that Sprayer which may be either a trailer or a self- the emulsion cannot be contaminated propelled vehicle, capable of travelling accidentally, and shall be so constructed as to considerable distances on the road at speed up prevent the emulsion from coming into contact to the statutory limits, as well as comparatively with loose rust, scale, jointing, lagging or other short distances at a low speed while in action. substance likely to cause coagulation. 3.4 Transportable Sprayer 6.1.2The tank filling opening shall be fitted Sprayer intended for travelling short distances with an efficient cap and a strainer of mesh size at low speed and which would normally be not greater than 5 mm which is readily carried to any distant side on another vehicle. accessible for cleaning. 1IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 6.1.3The tank shall have a dipstick clearly b)Power driven pumps diesel engines as marked with the serial number of the tank to primemover. which it prolongs. The dipstick shall fit into a 10.2Pumping system shall be capable of giving guide or be positively located by other means, minimum output 0.3 kg/10 m2 and maximum and shall be calibrated and clearly marked to output 1 kg/10 m2. show the contents of the tank at any level with an accuracy of ±1 percent of the nominal 10.3The pump, if fitted, shall be of a type capacity. which does not cause breakdown of the emulsion by excessive shearing between 6.1.4When a pressure tank is employed, this moving parts with small clearance. The shall comply with the relevant safety pumping system shall be so designed that there regulations for pressure vessels. are no visible pulsations at the spray nozzles. 6.1.5A barrel hoist shall be fitted when 10.4To assist in clearing the system, provision required by the purchaser. shall be made either for pumping air through 7 COMPLIANCE WITH INDIAN the nozzle pipe or for admitting air to it at the STANDARDS pump end. An additional device for drawing in the emulsion left over in the spray-bar may also All materials used in the construction of be provided, if required by the purchaser. sprayers shall comply with appropriate Indian Standards. Pipe unions and screw thread shall 11 STRAINER comply with the requirements of IS 554. A strainer, in which the maximum dimension of 8 ROADWORTHINESS any aperture is not more than half the minimum dimensions of the smallest aperture 8.1Transportable sprayers may be fitted with or passage in the nozzle, shall be provided in iron rubber or pneumatic tyres and the four the pipe system between the tank and the wheels shall be run on plain bearings. An nozzle. The strainer shall be easily removable efficient hand operated parking brake shall be for cleaning. provided. 8.2All sprayers shall comply with the relevant 12 FLEXIBLE PIPE AND SPRAY PIPE road traffic regulations. The flexible pipe and spray pipe shall be not 9 MARKING less than 12 mm bore. The flexible pipe shall be not less than 3 m long and shall be made of a 9.1Each sprayer shall have firmly attached to material that will resist deterioration from the it a plate bearing the following particulars: solvents used for cleaning. The pipe and its a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, union shall be capable of withstanding four b) Nominal capacity of the tank, times the maximum pressure that can be c) Tank serial number, and developed in the system. d) Year of manufacture. 13 SPRAY LANCE 9.2 BIS Certification Marking The spray lance shall be fitted with a shut-off The product may also be marked with the valve between the pump and the spray nozzle Standard Mark. and with a suitable handle to facilitate manipulation. 9.2.1The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of Bureau of Indian 14 SPRAY NOZZLE Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The details of The spray nozzle shall be of a type which conditions under which a licence for the use of delivers the emulsion or bitumen in fine spray Standard Mark may be granted to of well-defined shape. manufacturers or producers may be obtained 15 PRESSURE GAUGE form the Bureau of Indian Standards. When a pressure tank is incorporated in the SECTION 2 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS machine a suitable gauge reading to at least FOR SPRAYING EMULSION double the normal working pressure, shall be fitted. 10 PUMPING SYSTEM 10.1Following two types of pumping system 16 TEST FOR UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION may be used: OF EMULSION a)Hand operated piston pumps or geared 16.1When tested by a method which complies pumps, and with the general requirements described in 2IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 Annex B, the amount of binder collected on any the whole sprayed width less 15 cm at each side. strip of surface 5 cm wide within the effective 16.3The amount of emulsion received on the width, the length of the strip being parallel to 15cm margin at either side of the effective the direction of travel of the sprayer, shall not width of the spray shall be neither less than differ from the average amount over the 50percent nor more than 100 percent of the effective width by more than 15 percent. mean amount per 15 cm of the effective width Further, the mean of the amount of emulsion sprayed. collected in any group of four adjacent trays shall not vary by more than 10 percent from the 17 INSTRUCTION means within the effective spraying width. Instructions shall be supplied with each 16.2 For the purpose of calculating the average sprayer to enable the operator to ensure that amount collected, the effective width shall be the specified rate of spread is obtained. ANNEX A (Foreword) INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED WITH AN ENQUIRY OR ORDER A-1Information with regard to the following b)Nominal capacity ( see 4.1 ); requirements which are at the option of the c)Whether a barrel hoist is required (see purchaser shall be supplied to the 5.1.5 ); and manufacturer while making an enquiry or placing an order for sprayers for emulsion: d)Whether a device for drawing in emulsion a)Type (see 3.1), also stating whether it left over in the spray-bar is required should be mobile or transportable; (see9.4). ANNEX B (Clause 16.1) TEST FOR UNIFORMITY OF TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTION OF EMULSION (DEPOT TRAY TEST) B-1 GENERAL b)The test surface is divided into strips of equal width, usually 5 cm; the length of B-1.1This annex lays down the method for the strips being parallel to the direction of testing uniformity of distribution of emulsion travel of the sprayer. across the surface being sprayed. Various c)The test is so arranged that the sprayer methods for determining the transverse can operate for a sufficient period to uniformity of distribution have been developed obtain the normal working conditions, and the essential requirements of which are the when this has been achieved, the test following: surface is exposed to the discharge for a)The conditions prevailing during the test suitable period. are comparable with those, occurring d)The amount of emulsion delivered on each during normal operations as regards: 5 cm strip is then measured and the 1) temperature of emulsion, results expressed as a percentage 2) viscosity of emulsion, deviation from the mean for all the 5 cm units over the effective width. The 3)height of the nozzle orifice above the effective width is defined as the sprayed test surface, width less 15 cm margin at each side. 4)pressure in the distribution system, and e)The results of the test are recorded in the 5)speed of operation of mechanical form indicated in Fig. 1. A suitable record distributing gear when applicable. card is shown in Fig. 2. 34 IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 FIG. 1 TYPICAL RESULTS OF TEST FOR UNIFORMITY OF TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTION OF EMULSIONIS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 FIG.2 RECORD CARD FOR TEST FOR TRANSVERSE DISTRIBUTION OF EMULSION 5IS 2094 (Part 3) : 1999 B-1.2Spraying machines are tested with those B-2.3The sprayer is backed into position with grades of emulsion for which they are to be the spray-bar over the catch tank, precaution used. being taken to see the spray-bar is horizontal and at right angles to the rails. The trolley and B-2 DEPOT TRAY TEST containers rest on the rails clear of the spray B-2.1The apparatus consists of a wheeled hood. A short preliminary spray is made to trolley carrying a set of removable containers. ensure that all nozzles are functioning and the Each container is 5 cm wide, 0.9 m long and sprayer is otherwise in normal working 15cm deep, made of 0.900 mm thick mild steel condition. sheet, and of approximately 7 litres capacity. The containers extend to a width 15 cm greater B-2.4The trolley and containers are then than the full spray width of the sprayer, pushed underneath the sprayer and spraying is therebeing six containers in 30 cm of spray commenced, and maintained for a period of width. The rim of each container is lipped on time sufficient almost to fill the containers. The one side in order that the containers will trolley is then withdrawn to the previous overlap and prevent binder from escaping. position. Before each test, the containers are examined B-2.5The depth of binder in each container is for damage likely to affect results and are measured by dipping with a steel rule replaced, if necessary. graduated in millimetres. Each container is B-2.2The trolley runs on steel rails fastened to dipped in the same position, a convenient place the top of 1350 litre catch tank (2.9 + 0.9 + being about 30 cm from one end. Dipping is to 0.6m) the rails being horizontal and parallel to commence when the froth has settled. the sides of the tank and sufficiently long to allow the trolley to lie clear of the spray before B-2.5.1If dips can be read with the ruler in the test. The top rim of each container, when position, the ruler is wetted with paraffin to fitted on the trolley, is parallel to the rails and give a flat meniscus, alternatively, if the ruler the same distance below the nozzles or has to be withdrawn in order to read off the tip, distributing gear as of the road surface under it is dampened with soft soap solution to ensure normal working conditions. a clear line of demarcation. 6Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc:No. HMD 18 (0195). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 March 2000 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg  323 76 17  NEW DELHI 110002  323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi  3378499, 33785 61  KOLKATA700054  3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843  602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113  2350216, 2350442   2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)  8329295, 8327858  MUMBAI 400093  8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM.
3025_31.pdf	UDC 628’11’3 : 543’3 : 543’847 ( First Reprint DECEMBER 1992 ) IS : 3025 ( Part 31) - 1988 Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST ( PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER PART 31 PHOSPHORUS First Revision ) ( 1. Scope - Prescribes two methods for determination of phosphorus, namely (a) vanadomolyb- do - phosphoric acid method; and (b) stannous chloride method..In case of difference of opinion, vanadomolybdo - phosphoric acid method shall be the referee method. 2. Preliminary Digestion Steps 2.1 Phosphorus analysis involves the conversion of the phosphorus present. in water in different forms to dissolved orthophosphate which is then estimated calorimetrically. 2.1.1 For acid hydrolyzable phosphates - To 100 ml of sample or a portion diluted to 100 ml, add 0’05 ml phenolphfhalein. If a red colour develops, add strong acid dropwise to just discharge the colour, then add 1 ml more. Boil gently for 90 minutes at least, adding distilled water to keep the volume between 25 and 50 ml. Alternatively, heat for 30 minutes in an autoclave or pressure cooker at 98 to 137 kPa. Cool, neutralize to a faint pink colour with sodium hydroxide solution and restore to original 100 ml volume with distilled water. 2.1.2 For total phosphorus 2.1.2.1 Perchloric acid digestion - Measure sample containing the desired amount of phos- phorus into a 125-ml Erlenmeyer flask. Acidify methyl orange with concentrated nitric acid, add 5 ml excess of nitric acid and evaporate on a steam bath or hot plate to 15 to 20 ml. Add 10 ml each of Concentrated nitric acid- and perchloric acid to the 125-ml conical flask, cooling the flask between additions. Add a few boiling chips, heat on a hot plate, and evaporate gently until dense white fumes of perchloric acid just appear. If solution is not clear, cover neck of the flask with a watch glass and keep solution barely boiling until it clears. If necessary, add IO ml more of nitric acid to aid oxidation. Cool digested solution and add one drop of aqueous phenolphthal&in solution. Add 6 N sodium hydroxide solution until the solution just turns pink. If necessary, filter neu- tralized solution and wash filter liberally with distilled water. Makeup to 100 ml with distilled water. 2.1.2.2 Sulphoric acid-nitric acid digestion - Into a micro kjeldahl flask, measure a sample containing the desired amount of phosphorus. Ad.d 1 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 5 ml of concentrated nitric acid. Digest to a volume of 1 ml and then continue until solution becomes colourless to remove nitric acid. Cool and add approximately 20 ml of distilled water, 0’05 ml of phenolphthalein indicator and as much 1 N sodium hydroxide solution as required to produce a faint pink tinge. Transfer neutralized solution, filtering, if necessary, to remove turbidity or parti- culate matter, into a 100 ml volumetric flask. Add filter washings to the flask and adjust sample volume to 100 ml with distilled water. 2.1.2.3 Persulphate digestion method - Use 50 ml or a suitable portion of thoroughly mixed sample. Add C’q5 ml of phenolphthalein indicator solution. If a red’colour develops, add sulphuric acid solution dropwise to just discharge the colour. Then add 1 ml of sulphuric acid solution and either 0’4 g solid ammonium persulphate or 0.5 g of solid potassium persulphate. Boil gently on a preheated hot plate for 30 to 40 minutes or until a final volume of 10 ml is reached. Cool, dilute to 30 ml with distilled water, add 0.05 ml of phenolphthalein indicator solution, and neutralize to a faint pink colour with 1 N sodium hydroxide solution. Make up to 100 ml with distilled water. In some samples, a precipitate may form at this stage, but do not filter. For any subsequent subdivi- sion of the sample, shake well. The precipitate redissolves under the acidic conditions of the calorimetric reactive phosphorus test. Adopted 29 February 1988 @JJ uly 1989, BIS Gr2 I I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002IS : 3025 ( Part 31) - 1988 3. Vanadomolybdo - Phosphoric Acid Method 3.1 Principle - In dilute orthophosphate solution, ammoni urn molybdate reacts under acid conditions to form a hetropoly acid, molybdo - phosphoric acid. In presence of vanadium, yellow vanadomolybdo - phosphoric acid is formed. The intensity of yellow colour is proportional to phosphate concentration. 3.2 Interference - Positive interference is caused by silica and arsenate only, if the sample is heated, Arsenate, fluoride, thorium, bismuth, sulphide, thiosulphate, thiocyanate or excess molyb- date cause negative interference. Ferrous iron results in blue colour and does not affect the results, if the concentration is less than 100 mg/l. 3.2.1 Minimum detectable concentration - 200 pg of phosphorus per litre in 1 cm spectrophoto- * meter cells. 3.3 Apparatus 3,3.1 Spectrophotometer - For use at 400 to 490 nm. Wavelength of 470 nm is generally used ior determination. 3.3.2 Acid washed glassware 3.3.3 Filferation apparatus 3.3.4 Filter paper - Whatman No. 42 or equivalent. 3.4 Rea4Jen ts 3.4.1 Phenolphthalein solutkn m 3.4.2 Hydrochloric acid - 1 :I. 3.4.3 Activated carbon - Phosphate free. Remove Rne particles by rinsing with distilled water. 3.4.4 ,Vanadate-molybdate reagent - (Solution A) Dissolve 25 g of ammonium molybdate [ ( NH4 )6 Mo&.lH10 ] in 390 ml of distilled water. Dissolve t-25 g of ammonium metavrfnadate’ ( NHdVOs ) by heating to boiling in 303 ml of distilled water. Cool and add 339 ml of concentrated hydrochloric @id. (Solution B) Cool to room temperature. Pour solution A to solution B, mix and dilute to 1 litre. 3.4.S Standard phosphate solution -Dissolve 219.5 mg of anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( K&PO, ) in distilled water and dilute to 1 990 ml, 1 ml = 50 pg orthophosphate phosphorus. 3.5 Procedure - If the sample pH Is greater than 10, add.0.05 ml of phenolphthalein indicator to 50-O ml of sample and discharge the red c&our with f : I hydrochloric acid before diluting to 100 ml. Remove excessive colour in sample by shaking about 50 ml with 200 mg of activated carbon in an Erierimeyer flask for 5 mfnutes and filter to remove carbon. Place 35 ml or less of sample, con- taining 0.05 to 1’0 mg of phosphorus (P), in a 50-ml volumetric flask. Add 10 ml vanadate-molybdate reagent and dilute to the mark with distilled water. Prepare a blank in which 35 ml of distilled water is substituted for the sample. After IO minutes or more, measure absorbance of sample versus blank at a wavelength of 470 nm. The colour is- stable for days and is not affected by variation in room temperature. Prepare a calibration curve by using suitable volumes of standard phosphate solution and proceeding as given above. Read the concenfration of the sample from the calibration curve for the given absorbance. 3.6 Calculation Phosphorus (P), mg/l = r X 1 000 where m = mg of phosphorus ( in 50 ml of final volume ), and v = volume in ml of sample. 4. Stannous’Chloride Method 4.1 Principle - The molybdo-phosphoric acid formed is reduced to an intensely coloured complex molybdenum blue by stannous chloride. This method is significantly sensitive and the reliability of the method increases at concentrations below 0’1 mg/l of phosphorus with minimum interference. 4.2 Interference - Silica and arsenic interfere positively, if the sample is heated. Arsenate, . fluoride, sulphide, thiosulphate, thiocyanate or excess molybdate cause negative inter- ference. Ferrous iron which causes blue colour does not affect the result if the cencenfration is below 100 mg/l. If nitric acid is used in the test, chloride interferes at 75 mg/l. 4.2.1 The minimum detectable concentration by this method is about 3 pg/I of phosphorus. 2IS : 3025 ( Part 31) - 1988 4.3 Apparatus 4.3.1 Spectrophotometer - Suitable for use at 690 nm for aqueous solution, provided with a light path of 1 to IO cm. 4.3.2 Acid washed glassware -This is of great importance when determination of low concen: tration of phosphorus is done. Avoid commercial detergents containing phosphates. Clean all glassware with hot dilute hydrochloric acid and rinse thoroughly with distilled water. It is advis- able to reserve glassware only for phosphate determination and to keep them filled with water till needed. If this is practised, only occasional acid treatment is required. 4.4 Reagents 4.4.1 Phenolphthalein indicator solution 4.4.2 Strong acid solution - Add slowly 300 ml of sulphuric acid to about 600 ml of distilled water, cool and add 4 ml of nitric acid and dilute to 1 litre. 4.4.3 Ammonium moiybdate reagenf - Dissolve 25 g of ammonium molybdate ( ( NH, )e MO&. 4 He01 in 175 ml of distilled water. Continuously add 280 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid to 400 ml of distilled water in a separate beaker, cool and add the molybdate solution to this acid solution and dilute to 1 litre. 44.4 Standard phosphate solution -Dissolve 219.5 mg of anhydrous potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( KHeP04 ) and dilute to 1 litre. 1 ml = 50 rg orthophosphate phosphorus. 4.4.5 Stannous chloride solution - Dissolve 2’5 g of a fresh stannous chloride ( SnCl,.2H,O ) in 100 ml of glycerol. Heat in a water bath and stir with a glass rod to hasten dissolution. This reagent is stable and requires neither preservatives nor special storage. 4.4.9 Activated carbon - Analytical grade, free from phosphates. 4.5 Procedure 4.5.1 If coloured, decolourize the sample by shaking about 200 ml sample with 256 mg of activated carbon in an Erlenmeyer fiask for 5 minutes. filter the solution through filter paper (Whatman No.. 42 or equivalent ) to remove carbon. Take 100 ml of clear and colouriess sample containing not more than 0.2 mg of phosphorus, and add 1 drop of phenolphthatein indicator. if pink colour develops, discharge the calour with strong acid solution. If the acid requirement exceeds 5 drops, take a smaller sample and dilute to 100 ml with distilled water, after first discharging the pink colour with acid. 4.5.2 Add, with thorough mixing after each addition, 4’0 ml of molybdate reagent and 0.5 ml of stannous chloride reagent. The range of colour development and the intensity of colour are depen- dent on the temperature of the final solution. The increase in colour for each degree rise in temperature is about one percent. Hence samples, standards and reagents should be within 2°C of one another at a temperature between 20 and 30°C. After 10 minutes, but before 12 minutes, allowing the uniform specific intervals for ail estt- mations,\ measure the colour spectrophotometrically at 690 nm and compare with calibration curve using distilled water blank. Suitable light paths for various concentration ranges are as follows: Approximate Phosphorus Range Light Path, mg/l cm 0’3 - 2 0.5 0’1 - 1 2 0’07 - 0.2 10 Always run a blank on the reagents and distilled water. in as much as the colour at first deve- lops progressively and later fades, it is essential to maintain equal timing conditions for samples as well as for standards. Standards should be prepared with each set of samples. Read phosphate concentration ,from a calibration curve prepared by taking known phosphate standards and follow- ing the same procedural steps as the sample. 4.6 Calculation mg of phosphorus corresponding to control standard x , ooo Phosphorus, mg/l = volume in ml of sample 3IS : 3025 ( Part 31) - 1988 EXPLANATORY NOTE Phosphorus occurs in natural waters and wastewaters almost solely as phosphates. These are classified as orthophosphates, condensed phosphates ( pyro, meta and other polyphosphates ) and organically bound phosphates. Phosphorus analyses embody two general procedural steps, namely, conversion of the phosphorus form of interest to dissolved orthophosphate and the colori- metric determination of dissolved phosphorus. Separation of phosphorus into its various forms is defined analytically. Filtration through a 0.45 pm pore diameter filter separates dissolved phospho- rus from suspended forms of phosphorus. Phosphates that respond to calorimetric tests without preliminary hydrolysis or oxidative digestion of the samples are known as reactive phosphorus. Reactive phosphorus is largely a measure of orthophosphate, a small fraction of any condensed phos- phate present may also be hydrolyzed unavoidably. Reactive phosphorus occurs in both dissolved and suspended forins. Acid hydrolysis at boiling water temperature converts dissolved and parti- culate condensed phosphates to dissolved orthophosphate. The phosphate fractions that are converted to orthophosphate only by oxidation destruction of organic matter present are considered as organic or organically bound phosphorus. Like reactive and acid hydrolyzable phosphorus, organic phosphorus occurs in both dissolved and suspended fractions. Total phosphorus as well as the dissolved and suspended phosphorus fractions each may be divided analytically into three chemical types, namely, reactive, acid hydrolyzable and organic phosphorus. In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been derived from Standard Methods for the exami- nation of water and wastewater published by American Public Health Association, Washington, USA, 16th edition, 1985. Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
4746.pdf	IS : 4746 - 1968 Indian Standard CODE FOR TRANSPORT OF DOGS AND CATS BY RAIL, ROAD AND AIR Live Animals Sectional Committee, AFDC 24 Cltairrnan Representing DH Y. I(. ScRK.4llM.4sYAM Ministry of Health, Family Planning & Urban Development hfembers I)H P. BH,4TT?\CHAKY 4 Animal Husbandry Commissioner to the Government of India ( Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Corn- munity Development & Co-operation ) SHJ~\II . R. ~:HARRAVAHTIl1 Indian Airlines Corporation. New Delhi Car, 1~. c. DATT.4 Directorate of Military Farms, Army Headquarters, Sew Delhi I),.&ypy IxTSPI.:wn,: GI.:sKll,4r. OF Inspector Grneral of Forests, Nrw Delhi FOIESTS DI<;PITTP SAI:TI(‘.+I. .\I~VIRKIL Directorate General of Shipping ( Ministry of ‘rraos_ pot’t & Shipping ), Bombay I)IHI.X’I.“TL Delhi Zoological Park, NPW Delhi SHRl J FERNANI~S Air-India, Bombay SHKI B. L. P;\HAAHAI~A ( Alkwrclle ) SICR TE . F. Gr:aor,n JN Committee of Inlrrnational Foreign Fiag Carriers in India. Nrw lklhi Iltlrc .J. I). K ~PI-I! Dirrctol~at? of Remount 6r Vctwinary Srrviws, Army Headquarters, _Kcw Delhi N.\.T S. S. S~rv.4w.4v.4 ( rlltcmnle j Siir:r J. .LI. 1,.41/J Indian Veterinary Research Institutr, Izalnaqar SHrtl B. >I. .M4zL:\rl,i: Ministry of Transport & Shipping ( Transpwt Lt’ing ) SHHI K. G. ~.4i<I\IXXIT(:H.\SI Chief {iontroller of Imports bi Exports, Sew Drlhi SHXI D. S. MOI~KHI>I~\ ( Aknnte j 1111n rtv R.4.T S\II4N(: ‘I’he All India Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Calcutta SHICI JISHSI~ I,nr. ( .Ilternnte) SHlrl &I. 5. RAI Vita Private Ltd, Delhi SHRI S. K. BEK~ ( Alternnle ) DR T. I~~X4c~aSI111.4 RAO Indian Conncil of Medical Research, New Delhi DK S. G. S~~rras~r.4 ( illfernnte ) REPRESENTATIVE Animal Welfare Board ( Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Community Development 8i CO-operation ), I\ladras ( Continued on Page 2 ) INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MAKAK BHA\‘AN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG SEW DELHIt IS : 4746- 1968 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Represent in: DR SATYA PRAKASH National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi SHRI N. VARADAXAJAN Ministry of Tourism & Civil Aviation ( Department of Aviation ) DR HARI BBAGWAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officioM ember ) Deputy Director ( Agri & Food ) Secretary SHRI N. K. CHAWLA Assistant Director ( Agri & Food ), IS1 Transport of Laboratory Animals Subcommittee, AFDC 24: 3 Conoener DR P. J. DEORAS Haffkine Institute, Bombay Members DB A. H. AMIN Alembic Chemical Works Company Limited, Baroda DR ( MRS ) B. K. BATRA Laboratory Animals Information Service, Bombay DR C. W. BROACH Central Drug Research Institute ( CSIR ), Lucknow SHRI S. R. CHADHA Committee for the Purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments on Animals, Bombay DR RANJXT ROY CHAUDRUXY Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh SH~I E. F. GEHOLDJ R Committee of International Foreign Flag Carriers in India, New Delhi DR T. RAMACHANDRA RAO Indian Council oi Medical Research. New Delhi REPRESENTATIVE Animal Welfare Board ( Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Community Development & Co-operation ), Madras DR SATYA PRAKASH National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi DR D. N. DHAR ( Ahmute) DR H. G. SEN CIBA Research Centre, Bombay DR S. G. SRIKANTIA Nutrition Research Laboratory, Hyderabad DR A. K. THOMAS Central Research Institute, Kasauli ( Punjab ) 2IS:4746- 1968 Indian Standard CODE FOR TRANSPORT OF DOGS AND CATS BY RAIL, ROAD AND AIR 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard rvas adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 26 August 1968, after the draft finalized by the Live Animals Sectional Committee had I)een approved by the Agricultural and Food Products Division Council. 0.2 Dogs and cats are \videly used as pets and as exhibits. Dogs are also used for many other purposes, sttch as for guiding blind persons; watch, protection and-htnrnting operations; and tracing the convicts. Besides, dogs and cats are used as laboratory animals for research concerning biomedical purposes. In vie\v of this large usage of dogs and cats, they are frequently required lo be transported. As transport requirements of both these animals are hy and large the samr, a commnn code is being prescribed for their transport. 0.3 In the preparation of this code, due consideration has been g:/en to the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. However, it is subject to the restrictions imposed under this Act, wherever applicable. 0.4 For the purpose ofdeciding whether a particular requirement ofthis (ode is complied I\:,ith, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS :2 -1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This code covers tlte essential requisites for the transport of riogs and cats by rail, road and air. It is applicable to all breeds of dogs and cats. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. .__-- -. Rules for rounding off ntmwrical values ( rec,id J. 3 $9’ IIs:4746- 1968 2.1 Animal -Only dog or cat. 2.2 Size-The length, width, height and elbow size of dog and cat shall be defined as under. 2.2.1 Length--Tip of nose to root of tail (see A in Fig. I ). 2.2.2 Wi& - Width across the shoulders (see D in Fig. 1 ). 2.2.3 Height-Tip of ears to toe while standing (see B in Fig. 1). 2.2.4 Elbow Size - Toe to tip of elbow (see C in Fig. 1 ). --~ A -----_I FE. 1 DOG 3. GENERAL CONDITIONS 3.1 Animals to be transported should be healthy and in good condition. They shall be examined by a qualified person for freedom from contagious and infectious diseases and their fitness to undertake the journey. 3.1.1 Animals transported in the same container shall be of the same species and breed. 3.1.2 Unweaned puppies or kittens shall not be transported in the same cage with adult dogs or cats other than their dams. 3.1.3 Any dog or cat reported to be vicious or exhibiting a vicious disposition shall be transported individually in a cage, muzzled and labelled to give warning to the handlers. In extreme cases: the animals shall be administered with sedative drugs by a suitably qualified officer. ig 4 4 1Is:4746-1968 3.1.4 Any female dog or cat in season ( oestrus) shall not be transported in the same container with any male. 3.1.5 It is not desirable to transport dogs and cats in an advance stage of pregnancy. 3.2 Animals should be fed and watered about two hours prior to their transport. Hungry and thirsty animals should not be packed. 3.2.1 Watering en route may be done every four hours in summer or every six hours during wint,er. Feeding en route shall be done at least once in 12 hours for adult animals and once in four hours for puppies and kittens or in accordance with the instructions of the consignors. 3.3 Animals should also be exercised as late as possible before despatch. 3.4 Animals should become accustomed to the cage in which they are to travel beforehand, as this may assist the animal during its journey. 3.5 Toy breeds of dogs and cats may be allowed to travel with the owner provided they arc protected from causing any nuisance, disturbance, etc, to the other passengers. 3.6 Adequate arrangements shall br made for the care and mana,gement of the animals during the journey. 3.7 Health Certificate- A valid health certificate by a veterinarian authorized by the State to the effect that the animals are in fit condition to travel by rail, road or air and are not showing any sign of infectious or contagious disease including rabies shall accompany the consignment. For dogs the certificate shall also include the date and type of vaccine injected. 4. ROAD TRAVEL 4.1 Tllis mode of transport may be adopted only when the animals are to he rransportetl over short distances. 4.2 In road journey, in pul)iic vehicle, the dogs or cats shall be put in a cage. The cage containing dogs or cats shall not be put on the roof of the vehicle bllt shall be put inside the vehicle preferably near the rear end of the vrhirlr. 4.3 The \rehicle in which the animals are to be transported should maintain constant speed. Sudden stops should be avoidecl. Effects of shocks and jolts should be reduced to a minimum. 4.4 At least one attendant shall be present at all times during transit and he shall ensure that proper transit conditions are observed. He shall also replenish food and water whenever necessary. 5--------- IS : 4746 - 19623 5. RAIL TRAVEL 5.1 In case thejourney is for more than six hours, an attendant shall accom- pany the animals to supply them lvith their food, lvater, etc, en route. The attendant shall have an access to the animals for feedill,q=, \vatering and attention at all stations. 5.2 Tlrr, ;r!~imals should not be exposed to the direct blast of air 6. AIR TRAVEL 6.1 The cages should be properly cleaned and sterilized before the animals are put in the cages. 6.2 Snub nose dogs, such as pekingeseand pugs, are affected more than other breeds by rarified atmosphere and care shall be taken to ensure that the front of the container has open bars-from the top to the bottom of the box for ventilation. It is essential that the animal be frer from respiratory troubles. 6.3 Sufficient paddy straw/ salv dust! Papa cllttin,qs shall IW providetl T(U cats in the cages as resting material. 6.4 For intcrllational transport. the‘ anim;tlc shollltl 1)~ kept ill a pressurized compartment with regulated temperature. 7. CONTAINERS FOR TRANSPORTING 7.1 Cages, cartons or crates, used to transport dogs or cats, shall be of such material which will not tear or crumble. They shall be IveIl constructed, Mrell ventilated and designed to protect the health of the animals by giving them adequate space and safety. It is essential that \virr lllcsh should be nose and paw proof; suitable material is a welded wire mesh of not less than 3 mm, with a spacing 12 X 12 mm. Expanded metal and wire netting are unsuitable for this purpose. There should be no protruding nails or unprotected edges of wire. Dogs and cats kennels in rail coaches shall be so placed as to give protection to animals from extremes of temperature and disturbance from birds and by giving them adequate space for health and safety. 7.1.1 The size of the containers for transportimg dogs shall be as given in Table 1. A model cage is shown in Fig. 2.IS : 4746- 1968 TABLE 1 DOG CONTAINER ( Clause7 .1.1 ) All dimensions in centimetres. BY ROAD AND RAIL BY AIR Length ( L ) A x 14 A+C+lO Width ( W) A Dx2+10 Height ( H) IIS_ 15 B+ 10 \ VENTILATING TeAtTEN FRAME y LIFTING HANDLE HOLES -CATCH FOR PADLOCK . WELDED WIRE MESH -DOOR HINGES FOR FOOD AND WATER FIG. 2 A MODEL DOG CAGE 7.1.2 The size of the containers for transporting cats shall be as given in Table 2. A model cage is shown in Fig. 3. TABLE 2 CAT CONTAINER All dimensions in centimetres. BY ROAD AND RAIL BY AIR Length ( L ) Ax2 Ax2 Width ( W) A A Height ( HI) B+ 15 B+ 10 7IS:4746-1968 METAL CONTAINERS FOR OPEN DOOR / VENTILATING HOLES PADLOCK CATCH RAY HANDLE NITARV TRAY PARTITION FOR FOOD AND SANITARY COUPiiRlMENTS FIG. 3 A ,MODIX COAT Box 7.2 Labelling of Containers-All animal containers shall be clearly labelled showing the name, address and telephone number ( if any ! of the consignor and the consignee and the mark . livestock’ in bnld red letters. 8. CARE IN TRANSIT 8.1 The consignee shall be informed about the train or transport arrival or flight number and its time of arrival in advance. 8.2 Animal consignment to he transported by rail or road shall be booked by the next passenger or mail train or bus and should not be detained after acceptir,q the cnnslgnment for booking. 8
455.pdf	I IS 455: 1888 ( Reaffiid 1995 1 Indian Standard PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT-SPECIFICATION ( Fourth Revision ) Second Reprint SEPTEMBER 1998 UDC 666’943 @ BIS 1990 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 May 1990 e-4Cenmnt and Concrete Sectional Committee, CED 2 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Fourth Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 30 October 1989, after the draft finalized by the Cement .and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Portland slag cement is obtained by mixing, Portland cement clinker, gypsum and granulated slag in suitable proportions and grinding the mixture to get a thorough and intimate mix between the consti- tuents. It may also be manufactured by separately grinding Portland cement clinker, gypsum and granulated slag and then mixing them intimately.. The resultant product is a cement which has physical properties similar to those of ordinary Portland cement. In addition, it has low heat of hydration and is relatively better resistant to soils and water containing excessive amounts of sulphater of alkali metals. alumina and iron, as well- as to acidic waters, and can, therefore, be ‘used for marine works with advantage. The manufacture of Portland slag cement has been developed primarily to utilize blastfumace slag, a waste product from blastfurnaces. The development of manufacture of this type of cement will considerably increase the total output of cement production in the country and will, in addition, pro- vide a profitable use for an otherwise waste product. The slags obtained from other types of furnaces, but having identical properties as those of granulated blastfumace slag conforming to this standard, may also be used for manufacture of Portland slag cement. This standard was first published in lb53 and subsequently revised in 1962,1967 and 1976. This fourth revision incorporates the modifications required as a result of experience gained with the use of this specification and to bring the standard in line with tlse present practices followed in the production and testing of cement. Since publication of the third revision of this standard, large number of amendments have been issued from time to time in order to modify various requirements based on the experience gained with the use of the standard and the requirements of the users and also keeping in view the raw materials and fuel available in the country for manufacture of cement. The important amendments include incorpo- rating a value of 28 day compressive strength, increasing the requirement regarding loss on ignition from 4’0 to 5’0, increasing the insoluble residue content from 2’5 to 4 percent, making aumdave soundness test compulsory, incorpoiating a provision for retest in respect of autoclave soundness test after aeration of the cement, incorporating a clause on false set of cement and permitting packaging of cement in 25 kg bags. In view of these large number of amendments, the Sectiolral Committee decided to bring out the fourth revision of the standard incorporating all these amendments so as to make it more convenient for the users. The desirable requirements of granulated slag suitable for the manufacture of Portland slag cement have been deleted from this revision and reference has been made to IS 12089 : 1987 ‘Specification for granulated slag for the manufacture of Portland slag cement’. This standard contains clauses 5.1 and 11.4.1 which permit the purchaser to use his option and clauses 6.5,9.2.1 and 9.3 which call for agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. In the formulation of this standard considerable assistance has been rendered by National Corncil for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi as many of these modifications are based on studies carried out by them. The composition of the committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex C. Mass of cement packed in bags and the tolerance requirements shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Standards of Weights and Measures ( Packaged Commodities ) Rules, 1977 and,B-1.2 ( see Annex B for information ). Any modification in these rules in respect of tolerance on mass of cement would apply automatically to this standard. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( r&vised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.Is 395 : 1999 Indian Standard PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT - SPECIFICATION ( Fourth Revision ) 1 SCOPE granulated slag, so that the resultant mixture would produce a cement capable of complying 1.1 This standard covers the manufacture and with this specification. No material shall be chemical and physical requirements for Portland added other than gypsum ( natural or chemical ) slag cement. or water or both. However, when gypsum is added it shall be in such amounts that the sulphur 2 REFERENCES trioxide ( SO? ) in the cement produced does not 2.1 The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are exceed the ltmits specified in 5.2. Besides,not necessary adjuncts to this standard. more than one percent of air-entraining agents or surfactants which have proved not to be’harmful. 3 TERMINOLOGY may be added. The slag constituent shall be not less than 25 percent nor more than 65 percent of 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the defini- the PortJand slag cement. tions given in 1S 4845 : 1968 and the following shall apply. 5 CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.2 Portland Slag Cement 5.1 Portland cement clinker used in the manu- facture of Portland slag cement shall comply in all An intimately interground mixture of Portland respects with the chemical requirements specified cement clinker and granulated slag with addition for the 33 grade ordinary Portland cement in of gypsum and permitted additives or an intimate IS 269 : 1989, and the purchaser shall have the and uniform blend of Portland cement and finely right, if he so desires, to obtain samples of the ground granulated slag. clinker used in the manufacture of Portland slag 33. Portland Clinker cement. Clinker, consisting mostly of calcium silicates, 5.2 The Portland slag cement shall comply with obtained by heating to incipient fusion a predeter- the following chemical requirements when tested mined and homogeneous mixture of materials in accordance with the methods given ip IS 4032 : principally containing lime ( CaO ) and silica 1985: ( SiO, ) with a smaller proportion of alumina ( AlgO ) and iron oxide ( FezOI ). Percent, Max Magnesium oxide ( MgO ) 8’0 3.4 Granulated Slag Sulphur trioxide ( SO, ) 3-o Slag in granulated form is used for the manuf?c- Sulphide sulphur ( S ) 1’5 ture of hydraulic cement. Slag is a non-metallic product consisting essentially of glass containing Loss on ignition 5’0 silicates and alumino-silicates of lime and other Insoluble residue 4’d bases, as in the case of blastfurnace slag, which is developed simultaneously with iron in blastfurnace NOTES or electric pig iron furnace. Granulated slag is 1 Total chloride content in cement rball not exceed obtained by further processing the molten slag by 0.05 percent by mass for cement used in prestressed rapidly chilling or quenching it with water or steam concrete structures and long rpan reinforced con- crete structures. ( Method of test for determination and air. of chloride content in cement is given in IS 12423 : 1988. ) 4 MANUFACTURE 2 The limit of total chloride content in cement for 4.1 Portland slag cement shall be manufactured use in plain and other reinforced concrete structures either by intimately intergrinding a mixture of is being reviewed. Till that time, the limit may be mutually agreed to between the purchaser and the Portland cement clinker and granulated slag with manufacturer. addition of gypsum ( natural or chemical ) or 3 Granulated slag conforming to IS I2i)89 : 1987 bar calcium sulphate, or by an intimate and uniform been found suitable for the manufacture of Portland blending of Portland cement and finely ground slag cement. AIS 455 : I989 6 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS NOTES 1 Standard sand shall conform to IS 650 : 1966. 6.1 Fineness 2 P ijFthe percentage of water required to produce When tested for fineness in terms of specific sur- a patte’of standard consistency (see 11.3). face by Blaine’s Air permeability method described in IS 4031 ( Part 2 ) : 1988, the specific surface of 6.5 By agreement between the purchaser and ihe slslg cement shall be not less than 225 m’/kg. manufacturer, transverse strength test of plastic mortar in accordance with the method described 6.2 Soundness in IS 4031 ( Part 8 ) : 1988 may be specified in addition to the test specified in 6.4. The 6.2.1 When tested by ‘Le-Chatelier’ method and permissible values of the transverse strength by autoclave test described in IS 4031 ( Part 3 ) : this method shall be as agreed to between the 1988, unaerated Portland slag cement shall not purchaser and the manufacturer at the time. of have an expansion of more than 10 mm and 0’8 placing the order. Percent respectively. 6.6 Notwithstanding the strength requirements 6.2.1.1 In the event of cements failing to comply in 6.4 and 6.5. the Portland slag cement shall show with any one or both the requirements specified a progressive increase in strength from the strength in 63.1, further tests in respect of each fail&e shall at 72 hours. be made as described in IS 4031 ( Part 3 ) : 1988 from another portion of the same sample after 7 STORAGE aeration. The aeration shall be done by spreading out the sample to a depth of 75 mm at a relative 7.1 The cement shall be stored in such a manner humidity of 50 to 80 percent fo,r a total period as to permit easy access for proper inspection and of 7 days. The expansion of cements so aerated identification and in a suitable weather-tight build- shall be not more than 5 mm and 0’6 percent ing to protect the cement from dampness and to when tested by ‘Le-Chatelier’ method and autoclave minimize warehouse deterioration. test respectively. 6.3 Setting Time 8 MANUFACTURER’S CERTIFICATION The setting time of slag cement, when tested by 8.1 The manufacturer shall satisfy him+f that the the Vicat apparatus method described in 1S 4031 cemeni conforms to the requirements of this ( Part 5 ) : 1988, shall be as follows: standard, and if requested, shall furnish a certi- ficate to this effect to the purchaser or his repre- a) Initial setting time Not less than sentative, within ten days of despatch of cement. 30 minutes b) Final setting time Not more than 8.2 The manufacturer shall furnish a certificate, 600 minutes within ten days of despatch of the cement, indicat- ing the total chloride content in Percent by mass 6.3.1 If cement exhibits false set, the ratio of final of cement. Penetration measured after 5 minutes of comple- tion of mixing period to the initial penetration 9 DELIVERY measured exactly after 20 seconds of completion of mixing period, expressed as percent, shall be 9.1 The cement shall be packed in bags [jute not less than 50. In the event of cemerit exhibit- sacking bag conforming to IS 2580 : 1982, double ing false set, the initial and final setting time of hessian bituminized ( CR1 type ), multi-wall paper cement when tested by the method described in conforming to IS 11761 : 1986, polyethylene lined 1s 4031 ( Part 5 ) : 1988 after breaking the false ( CR1 type ) jute, light weight0 jute conforming to set, shall conform to 6.3. 1s 12154 : 1987, woven HDPE conforming to 1s 11652 : 1986, woven polypropylene conforming 6.4 Compressive Strength to IS 11653 : 1986, jute synthetic union conform- The average compressive strength of at least !hree ing to IS 12174 : 1987 or any other approved mortar cubes ( area of face 50 cm* ) composed of composite bags ] bearing the manufacturer’s name one part of cement, three parts of standard sand or his registered trade-mark, if any. The words ( see Note 1 ) by mass and ( P/4+3*0 ) percent’( of ‘Portland Slag Cement’ or a suitable mark to combined mass of cement plus sand ) water, and distinguish Portland slag cement froqr other Port- prepared, stored and tested in the manner describ- land cements shall be clearly and indelibly marked ed in IS 4031 ( Part 6 ) : 1988, shall be as follows: on each bag. The number of bags ( net mass ) to the tonne or the average net mass of the cement a) 72&l h Not less than 16 MPa shall be legibly and indelibly marked on each bag. b) 168 f2 h Not less than 22 MPa The bags shall be in good condition at the time of c) 672 f4 h Not less than 33 MPa inspection. 2Is 455 : 1989 9.1.1 Similar information shall be provided in the 11 TESTS delivery advices accompanying the shipment of packed or bulk cement ( see 9.3 ). 11.1 The sample or samples of cement for tests shall be taken as described in IS 3535 : 1986 and s!~$ll be tested in the manner prescri&d in the 9.2 The average net mass of cement per bag shall relevant clauses. be 50 kg ( see Annex B ). 9.2.1 The average net mass of cement per bag may 11.2 Temperature for Testing also be 25 kg subject to tolerances as given The temperature at which the physical tests may in 9.2.1.1 and packed in suitable bags as agreed be carried out shall, as far as possible, be 27 %!“C. to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The actual temperature during the testing shall be recorded. 9.2.1.1 The number of bags in a sample taken for weighment showing a minus error greater than 11.3 Consistency of Standard Cement Paste 2 percent of the specified net mass shall be not more than 5 percent of the bags in the sample. The quantity of water required to produce a paste Also the minus error in none of such bags in the of standard tionsistency, to be used for the deter- sample shall exceed 4 percent of the specified net mination of the water content of mortar for the mass of cement in the bag. However, the average compressive strength test and for the determi- net mass of cement in a sample shall be equal to nation of soundness and setting time. shall be or more than 25 kg. obtained by the method descrilbed in IS 4031 (Part4): 1988. 9.3 Supplies of cement in bulk may be made by agreement between the purchaser’and the supplier 11.4 Independent Testing ( manufacturer or stockist ). 11.4.1 If the purchaser or his representative re- NOTE -A single bag or container containing quires independent test, the samples shall be taken 1 000 kg or more net mass of cement shall be consi- before or immediately after delivery at the option dered as bulk supply of cement. Supplies of cement of the purchaser or his representative, and the may also be made in intermediate containers, for tests shall be carried out in accordance with this example drurrs of 200 kg, by agreement between the standard on the written instructions of the pur- purchaser and the manufacturer. chaser or his representative. 10 SAMPLING 1 t .4.2 Cost of Testing 10.1 Samples for Testing The manufacturer shall supply, free of charge, the cement required for testing. Unless otherwise A sample or samples for testing may be !aken by specified in the enquiry and order, the cost of tests the purchaser or his representative, or by any shall be borne as follows: person appointed to superintend the work for the purpose of which the cement is required, or by the a) By the manufacturer if the results show that latter’s representative. the cement does not comply with this standard; and 10.1.1 The samples shall be taken within three b) By the purchaser if the results show that weeks of the delivery and ail the tests shall be the cement complies with this standard, commenced within one week of sampnng. 11.4.3 After a representative sample has been 10.1.2 When it is not possible to test the samples drawn and hermetically sealed. tests on the sample within one week, the samples shall be packed. and shall be carried out as expeditiously as possible. stored in air-tight containers till such time that they are tested. 12 REJECTION 10.2 In addition to the requirements of 10.1, the 12.1 Cement may be rejected if it does not comply methods and procedure of sampling shall be in with any of the requirements specified in this accordance with IS 3535 : 1986, specification. 10.3 Facilities for Sampling and Identifying 12.2 Cement remaining in bulk storage at the mill, prior to shipment, for more than six months, or The manufacturer or tipplier shall afford every cement in bags in local storages in the hands of a facility, and shall provide all labour and materials vendor for more than three months after compia for taking and packing the samples for testing the tion of tests, may be retested before use and may cement and for subsequent identification of the be rejected if it fails to conform to any of the cement sampled. requirements in this specification. 3Is 455 : 198) ANNEX A ( Clullse 2.1 ) LIST OF REFER’RED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 269 : 1989 Specification for 33 grade ordi- 11652 ! 1986 Specification for high density nary Portland cement (fourth polyethylene ( HDPE ) woven revision ) sacks fdr packing cement 650 : 1966 Specification for standard sand 11653 : 1986 Specification for polypropylene for testing of cement (first revi- I PP ) woven sacks fey packing sion ) cement 2580 : 1982 Specification for jute sacking 11761 : 1986 Specification for multi-wall paper bags for packing cement ( second sacks for cement valved-sewn revision ) gussetted type 3535 : 1986 Methods of sampling hydraulic 12089 : 1987 Specification for granulated slag cements (first revision ) for the manufacture of Portland slag cement 4031 ( Part 1 Methods of physical test for hy- toPart 13) draulic cement (first revision ) 12154: 1987 Specification for light weight jute 4032 : 1985 Method of chemical analysis of bags for packing cement hydraulic Cement (firsf revision ) 12174 . . 1987 Specification for jute -synthetic union bag for packing cement 4845 : 1968 Definitions and terminology rela- ting to hydraulic cement 12423 : 1988 Met hod for cblorimetric analysis 4905 : 1968 Methods for randam sampling of hydraulic cement ANNEX B ( Clause 9.2 ) TOLERANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASS OF CEMENT PACKED IN BAGS net mass ( 50 kg ) shall be not more than 5 per- B-1 The average net mass of cement packed in cent of the bags in the sample. Also the minus bags at the plant in a sample shall be equal to or more than 50 kg. The number of bags in a sample error in none of such bags in the sample shall exceed 4 percent of the specified net mas of shall be as given below: cement in the bag. Batch Size Sample Size NOTE -The matter given in B-l and B-l.1 are extracts based on the Srandurds of We&&s qnd 100 to 150 20 Measures ( Pcckaged Commodities ) Rules, ‘1977 to 151 to280 32 which reference shall be made for full details. Any modification made in these Rules and other related 281 to 500 50 Acts and Rules would apply automatically. 501 to 1 200 80 B-l.2 In case of a wagon/truck load of 20 to 25 1 201 to 3 200 125 tonnes, the overall tolerance on net mass of cement shall be 0 to -t 0.5 percent. 3 201 and over 200 NOTE -The mass of a jute sacking bag confor- ming to IS 2580 : 1982 to hold 50 kg of cement in The bags in a sample shall bc selected at random 531 g, the mass of a double hessian bituminized ( see 1s 4905 : 1968 ). ( CRI type ) bag to hold 50 kg of cement is 630 g. the mass of a 6-ply paper bag to hold 50 kg of cement is approximately 400 g and the mass of a polyethylene B-l.1 The number of bags in a sample showing a lined ( CR1 type ) jute bag to hold 50 kg of cement minus error greater than 2 percent of the specified is approximately 480 g. 4Is 455 : 1989 ANNEX C ( Fofeword ) COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL COMMWIEFi CEMENT AND CONCRETE SECTIONAL COMMITTEE, CED 2 Chairman Representing .Dn H. C. ~ISYESVARAY.4 National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi Members SHRI K. P. BANERIRE Larsen and Toubro Limited, Bombay SHRI HARISfl N. MALANI ( A/t~~re ) SHRI S. K. BANRRJEE National Test House, Calcutta CHIEFE NCIINE~R( BD ) Bhakra Beas Management Board, Nangal Township SHRI J. C. BASUR ( Akrnatc ) CHIEP ENGINEER( DF~IONS ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPERIN~NDINQ ENQINEER( S & S ) ( Alternate ) CHIEF ENGINEER( RESEARCH-CUM- Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab D~RECXOR ) RESEARCH OFFICER ( CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY ) ( Alternote ) DIRECTOR A. P. Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINT DIRXTOR ( Alternafe ) DIRECTOR Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi CHEEPR ESEARCH GFFXER ( Alternate ) DIRECTOR(C & MDD-II ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR ( C 8c MDD-II ) ( Alternafe ) SHRI V. K. GHANEKAR Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), Ghaziabad SHRI S. GOPINATH The India Cements Limited, Madras SHRI A. K. GUPTA Hyderabad Industries Limited, Hyderabad SHRI J. S~?NG UPTA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI P. J. JANUS The Associated Cement Companies Ltd. Bombay DR A. K. CHATTERJFE( Alternate ) JOINT DIRIXTOR STANDARDS ( B & S )/CB-I Research, Designs and Standards Organization ( Ministry of Railways ), Lucknow JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS ( B & S )/ CB-II ( Alternate ) SHRI N. G. J&HI Indian Hume Pipes Co Limited, Bombay SHRI R. L. KAP~OR Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport ), Department of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRI R. K. SAXENA ( AIternore ) DR A. K. MULLlCK National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi &RI G. K. MAJUMDAR Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation ( India ) Ltd, New Delhi SHRI P. N. MEHTA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI S. K. MATHUR ( Alternate ) SHRI NORMALS IN~H Development Commissioner for Cement Industry ( Ministry of Industry ), New Delhi SHRI S. S. MIGLANI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. N. PAL M.N. Dastur and Company Private Limited, Calcutta SHRI BIMAN DASODTA ( Alternate ) SHRI R. C. PARATE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters LT-COL R. K. SINGH ( Afternate ) SHRI H. S. PASRICHA Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PHULL Indian Roads Congress, New Delhi; and Central Road Research Institute.( CSIK ). New Delhi SHR~ S. S. SEEHRA ( Alternate ) Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi DR MOHAN RAI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ). Roorkee DR S. S. REHSI ( Alternote ) SHRI A. V. RAMANA Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Limited, New Delhi DR K. C. NARANO ( Alternate ) .SHRI G. RAMDAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SHRI T. N. SUBBA RAO Gammon India Limited, Bombay SHrtt S. A. REDDI ( Alternate ) SMembera Representing Du M. RAMAIAA Structural Edgineering Research Ccntre ( CSIR ), Madras DR A. 0. MAIX~AVA RAO ( Alternate ) SHRI A. U. RIJHSWOHANI Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi SiiIl C. S. SHAiUtA ( AIternate ) SEcw!YhRY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi Smr K. R. SAXEIM ( Alternote ) SUPEERINTENDIENNOC ~NEER( DESIGNS ) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu EXECUTIVEE NQINEER( SMD DWIS~ON ) ( Alfemute ) SHRI L. SWAROOP Orissa Cement Limited, New Delhi SHRI H. BHA~ACHARYA ( Alterrare ) SHR~ S. K. GUHA THAIUJRTA Gannon Dunkerly & Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S.P. SANKARNARAYANAN ( Alternate ) DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA The Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SARI D. C. CHAIWRVEDI( Alternate ) SHRI G. RAMAN. Director General, BIS ( Ex-oficlo Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY \ Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS Cement, Pozzolana and Cement Additives Subcommittee, CED 2 : 1 Cmmener DR H. C. VI~VESVARAYA National Council for Cement and Bqilding Materials, New Delhi Members DR A. K. MULLICK ( Alternates to Dr H. C. Visvesvaraya ) DR (-Svr ) S. LAXMI 3 SIIRI S. K. BA- National TestHouse. Calcutta Snu N. 0. BASAK Directorate General bf Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI T. MADNESHWAR( Alternate ) Snu SOMNATH BANIXJEII Cement Manufacturers Association, Bombay Ctscesce~p ( RESEARCH-CUM- Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab RINEARCHO PPICER( CT ) ( Alternote ) Ssm N. B. D~sal Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara SHRIJ . K. PAPAL ( Alternate ) DIRgCToa Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik -ARCH OFFICIZR( Alternote ) m(C&MDDII) Central Water Commission, New Delhi Darun DIRFXTOR( C A MDD II ) ( Afternore ) Spur i. K. GATTANI Shree Digvijay Cement Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. K. VAHHNAM ( AIternatc ) SWRIJ . SEN GIJPTA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi &IN P. J. JAOLJS The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay DR A. K. CHATTERJEB( Alternate ) Jomy D~recrou, STANDARDS Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lucknow ( B & S )/CB-I &XNT DIRECTOR. STANDARDS ( B & S )/CB-11 ( Ahmate ) SRI: R. L KA~OOR Roads Wing (Ministry of Transport ) ( Department of Surface Transport ). New Delhi SHRI R. K. DANA ( Alternate ) !&RI W. N. KARODE The Hindusta;l Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SW R. KUNJITHA~A~AM Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd. Poliyur, Tamil Nadu SIIRI 0. K. MANMDAR Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation ( India ) Ltd, -New Delhi 6Is 455 : 1989 MembcrJ Represenfing ,SHRI K. P. kIiIDEEN Central Warehousiog Corporation, New Delhi SHRIN~RHALSINQH Development Commissioner for Cement Industry ( Ministry of Industry ) SHRI S. S. MI~LANI ( Alrcrno~c ) SHRt Y. R. PHULL Ceotral Road Research Institute ( CSlR ). New Delhi SHRI S. S. SEEHRA( Alternafe) SHRI A. V. RAMANA Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd. New Delhi DR K. C. NARAN~ ( Aflernale ) COL V. K. Rao Engineer-ln&Zhief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI N. S. GALANDE ( Altemufe ) SHRI S. A. REDDI Gammon India Ltd. Bombay DR S. S. REHSI Central Building Research lnstitute ( CSIR ), Roorkee DR IRSHAD MASOOD (’ Rlfemate ) SHRI A. U. RIJHSINQHANI Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI M. P. SINGH Federation of Mini Cement Plants, New Delhi SUPERINTENDINGE NGINEER( D) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu SENIORD EPUTY CHIRPE N~INEZR ( GENERAL) ( Alternate ) SHRI L. SWAROOP Orissa Cement Ltd, New Delhi Srrru H. BHAT~ACHARYA( AIrernole ) SHR~ V. M. WAD Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai 7Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureuu of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CED 2 ( 4745 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 323 01 31,323 33 75,323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Ceutral : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17,323 38 41 NEW DEL 1110002 Y Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniklola 337 84 99,337 85 61 CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 26,337 9120 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A; CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 1 60 20 25 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 02 16,235 04 42 { 235 15 19,235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 832 92 95,832 78 58 MUMBAI 400093 { 832 78 91,832 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. tinted at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi, India- _.__.“._^,.-.-- -.. .- ..^..,.- .- -. ” _._,. c--m I-.- AMENDMENT NO. 1 APRIL 1991 TO IS 455 : 1989 PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT-- SPECIFICATION Fourth Revision / f ( Page 3, clause 9.2.1.1 ) - Insert the following new clauses after 9.2.1.1: “9.2.2 When cement is intended for export and if the putch,>scr so requires, packing of cement may be done in bags with an average 11~1 mass per bag as agreed to by the purchaser and the manufacturer.. 9.2.2.1 For this purpose the permission of the certifying authority shall be obtained in advance for each export order. 9.2.2.2 The words ‘FOR EXPORT’ and the average net mass (It cement per bag shall be clearly marked in indelible ink on each bag. 9.2.2.3 The packing material shall be aa agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser. 9.2.2.4 The tolerance requirements for the mass of cement’ packed in bags shall be as given in 9.2.1.1 except the average net mass wlricll shall be equal to or more than the quantity in 9.2.2.” (CXDZ) Printed nt JJcc Kay Printers. New l)clhi, IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 2 NOVEMBER 1991 TO IS 4i5 : 1989 PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT - SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision) (Page 4, clnme B-l.2 ) - Substitute ‘up to 25 tonncs’/or ‘of 20 to 25 tonnes’. FED21 Reprography Unit. BIS. New Delhi. IdaAMENDMENT NO. 3 JUNE1993 TO IS455: 1989 PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT - SPECIFICATION ( Fourth Revision) [ Ptqe 3, clnrrse 9.2.1.1 ( see u/so Amendment No. 1 ) ] - Substitute tbe following for the existing clauses 9.2.2 to 9.2.2.4: “9.2.2 When cement is intended for export and if the purchaser so requires, paching of cement may be done in bags or in drums with an average net mass of cement per bag or drum as agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 9.2.2.1 For this purpose the pemlission of tbe certifying authority shall be obtained in advance for each export order. 9.2.2.2 Tbe words ‘FOR EXPORT’ and the average net mass of cement per bag/drum shall be clearly marked in indelible inkon each bag/drum. 9.2.2.3 The packing material shall be as agreed to between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 9.2.2.4 The tolerance requirements for the mass of cement packed in bags/drum shall be as given in 9.2.1.1 except the average net mass which shall be equal to or more than the quantity in 9.2.2.” (CED2) ReprographUy nit, BIS, New Delhi, IndiaAMENDMENT NO. 4 MAY 2000 TO IS 455 : 1989 PORTLAND SLAG CEMENT - SPECIFICATION (Fourth Revision) Substitute ‘net mass’ for ‘average net mass’ wherever it appears in the standard. ( Page 1, clause 4.1, lust sentence ) - Substitute ‘70 percent’ jor ‘65 percent’. (CED2) Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
15256_1.pdf	IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 wPll@hkFlml* Indian Standard BANKING — KEY MANAGEMENT (RETAlL) PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO KEY MANAGEMENT ICS 35.240.40 @ BIS 2002 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 December2002 Price Group 6 \ ‘.,Banking and Financial Services Sectional Committee, MSD 7 NATIONAL FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Part 1) which is identical with ISO 11568-1:1994 ‘Banking — Key management (retail) — Part 1 : Introduction to key management’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Banking and Financial Services Sectional Committee (MSD 7) and approval of the Management and Systems Division Council. The text of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following: Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should be read as ‘Indian Standard’. In this adopted standard, normative reference appears to the following International Standard for which no Indian Standard exists: ISO 8908: 1993 Banking and related financial services — Vocabulary and data elements This International Standard has since been withdrawn by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). In this adopted standard, informative references appear to certain International Standards for which Indian Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their place are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated: International Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Standard Equivalence ISO 7498-2:1989: Information processing IS 12373 (Part 2):1992/1S0 7498-2:1989 Identical systems — Open systems Basic reference model of open systems interconnection — Basic reference model interconnection for information processing — Part 2: Security architecture systems : Part 2 Security architecture ISO 9564-1:1991 : Banking — Personal IS 15042 (Part 1):2001/1S0 9564-1:1991 do identification number management and Banking — Personal identification number security — Part 1: PIN protection management and security : Part 1 PIN principles and techniques protection principles and techniques ISO 9564-2:1991 : Banking — Personal IS 15042 (Part 2):2001/1S0 9564-2:1991 do identification number management and Banking — Personal identification number security — Part 2: Approved algorithm(s) management and security : Part 2 for PIN encipherment Approved algorithm(s) for PIN encipherment (Continued on third cover)IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 Introduction ISO 11568 describes procedures for the secure management of the cryptographic keys used to protect messages in a retail banking environment, for instance, messages between an acquirer and a card acceptor, or an acquirer and a card issuer. Key management of keys used in an Integrated Circuit Card (ICC) environment is not covered by ISO 11568 but will be addressed in another ISO standard. Whereas key management in a wholesale banking environment is characterized by the exchange of keys in a relatively high-security environment, this standard addresses the key management requirements that are applicable in the accessible domain of retail banking services. Typical of such services are point-of-sdle/point-of-service (POS) debit and credit authorizations and automated’teller machine (ATM) transactions. Key management is the process whereby cryptographic keys are provided for use between authorized communicating parties and those keys continue to be subject to secure procedures until they have been destroyed. The security of the enciphered data is dependent upon the prevention of disclosure and unauthorized modification, substitution, insertion, or termination of keys. Thus, key management is concerned with the generation, storage, distribution, use, and destruction procedures for keys. Also, by the formalization of such procedures, provision is made for audit trails to be established. This part of ISO 11568 does not provide a means to distinguish between parties who share common keys. The final details of the key management procedures need to be agreed upon between the communicating parties concerned and will thus remain the responsibility of the communicating parties. One aspect of the details to be agreed upon will be the identity and duties of particular individuals. ISO 11568 does not concern itself with allocation of individual responsibilities; this needs to be considered for each key management implementation. ISO 9564 and ISO 9807 specify the use of cryptographic operations within retail financial transactions for personal identification number (PIN) encipherment and message authentication, respectively. ISO 11568 is applicable to the management of the keys introduced by those standards. Additionally, the key management procedures may themselves require the introduction of further keys, e.g. key encipherment keys. The key management procedures are equally applicable to those keys.IS 15256 (Part l) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 /nciian Standard BANKING — KEY MANAGEMENT (RETAlL) PART 1 INTRODUCTION TO KEY MANAGEMENT 1 Scope 2 Normativereference This part of ISO 11568 specifies the principles for the The following standard contains part of ISO 11568 management of keys used in cipher systems provisions that, through reference in this text, implemented within the retail banking environment. constitute provisions of this part of ISO 11568. At the The retail banking environment involves the interface time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. between a card accepting device and an acquirer and All standards are subject to revision, and parties to between an acquirer and acard issuer. An example of agreements based upon this part of ISO 11568 are this environment is described in annex B,and threats encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying associated withthe implementation ofthisstandard inthe the most recent edition of the standard indicated retail banking environment are elaborated inannex C. below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. This part of ISO 11568 applies both to the keys of symmetric cipher systems, where both originator and ISO 8908:1993, Banking and related financial services recipient use the same secret key(s), and to the secret — Vocabulary and data elements. and public keys of asymmetric cipher systems, unless otherwise stated. The procedure for the approval of cryptographic algorithms used for key management is specified inannex A. 3 Definitions The use of ciphers often involves control information For the purposes of this part of ISO 11568, the other than keys, e.g., initialization vectors and key definitions given in ISO 8908 and the following identifiers. This other information iscollectively called definitions apply. -“keying material”. Although this part of ISO 11568 specifically addresses the management of keys, the principles, services, and techniques applicable to keys 3.1 cryptographic algorithm : A set of rules may also be applied to keying material. specifying the procedures required to perform encipherment and decipherment of data. The algorithm This part of ISO 11568 is appropriate for use by is designed so that it is not possible to determine the financial institutions and other organizations engaged control parameters (e.g. keys) except by exhaustive in the area of retail financial services, where the search. interchange of information requires confidentiality, integrity, or authentication. Retail financial services 3.2 cryptographickey;key:The control parameter of include but are not limited to such processes as POS a cryptographic algorithm that cannot be deduced debit and credit authorizations, automated dispensing from the input and output data except by exhaustive machine and ATMtransactions, etc. search. \\\IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 3.3 dictionary attack:Attack in which an adversary 5 Principles of key management builds a dictionary of plaintext and corresponding ciphertext. When a match is able to be made between Compliance with the following principles is required intercepted cipher-text and dictionary-stored in order to protect keys from threats to subvert a ciphertext, the corresponding plaintext isimmediately retail banking. system : available from the dictionary. a) keys shall exist only inthose forms permitted by ISO 11568 ; 4 Introduction to key management b) no one person shall have the capability to 4.1 Purpose of security access or ascertain any plaintext secret key ; Messages and transactions in a retail banking system c) systems shall prevent the disclosure of any contain both cardholder sensitive data and related secret key that has been used to encipher any financial information. The use of cryptography to still-secret data ; protect this data reduces the risk of financial loss by fraud, maintains the integrity and confidentiality of d) systems shall detect the disclosure of any secret the systems, and instills user confidence in business key; provider/retailer relationships. To this end, system security shall be incorporated into the total system e) systems shall prevent or detect the use of a design. The maintenance of security and system secret key for other than its intended purpose, and procedures over the keys in such systems is called the accidental or unauthorized modification, key management. substitution, deletion or insertion of any key ; f) secret keys shall be generated using a process 4.2 Level ofsecurity such that it is not possible to predict any secret The level of security to be achieved needs to be value or to determine that certain values are more related to a number of factors, including the probable than others from the total set of all the possible values ; sensitivity of the data concerned and the likelihood that it will be intercepted; the practicality of any envisaged encipherment process; and the cost of g) systems should detect the attempted disclosure of any secret key, the attempted use of asecret key providing (and breaking) a particular means of for other than its intended purpose, and the security. It is therefore necessary for communicating unauthorized modification, substitution, deletion or parties to agree on the extent and detail of security insertion of any key ; and key management procedures. h) a key shall be replaced with a new key within 4.3 Key management objectives the time deemed feasible to determine the old key ; The primary objective of key management is to i) a key shall be replaced with a new key within provide the users with those keys that they need to the time deemed feasible to perform a successful perform the required cryptographic operations and to dictionary attack on the data enciphered under the control the use of those keys. Key management also old key ; ensures that those keys are protected adequately during their life cycle. The security objectives of key j) a key shall cease to be used when its management are to minim”ize the opportunity for a compromise isknown or suspected ; breach of security, to minimize the consequences or damages of a security breach, and to maximize the k) acompromise of a key shared among one group probability of detection of any illicit access or change of parties shall not compromise keys shared among to keys that may occur, despite preventive measures. any other group of parties ; This applies to all stages of the generation, distribution, storage, use and archiving of keys, 1) a compromised key shall not provide any including those processes that occur in cryptographic information to enable the determination of its equipment and those related to communication of replacement ; cryptographic keys between communicating parties. m) a key shell only be loaded into a device when it NOTE 1 This part of ISO 11568 covers the above issues. may be reasonably assured that the device is Total system security also includes such issues as secure and has not been $ubjected to unauthorized protecting communications, data processing systems, modification or substitution. equipment and facilities.IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 6 Cipher systems key. The encipherment key of an asymmetric cipher may be mada public wtiile the corresponding decipherment key is kept secret. The keys are then A cipher system comprises an encipherment referred to as the public key and the secret key. An operation and the inverse decipherment operation. example of an asymmetric cipher system is shown “in Encipherment transforms plaintext to cipher-text figure 2. using an encipherment key; decipherment transforms the ciphertext back to plaintext using a decipherment key. Retail banking applications employ cipher systems to protect sensitive cardholder and financial “Pafty A“ “~ataencipherment “Party B“ transaction data. The data to be protected isenciphered Public key b Secret key (PK) using PI( (SKI by the originator and subsequently deciphered by the receiver. There are two types of cipher systems: symmetric and asymmetric. Figure 2 — Exampleofanasymmetricciphersystem 6.1 Symmetric ciphers The characteristics of asymmetric cipher systems require that the recipient hold asecret key with which A symmetric cipher is one in which the encipherment the secret data may be deciphered. A different, key and decipherment key are equal or may be easily non-secret (public) key is used by the originator to deduced from one another. The keys are kept secret encipher the secret data. Thus, asymmetric cipher at both the originator and recipient “locations. systems are unidirectional ih nature, i.e. a pair of Possession of the secret key(s) permits secure public and secret keys provides protection for data communications between the originator and transmitted in one direction only. Public knowledge recipient. An example of a symmetric cipher system of the public key does not compromise the cipher isshown in figure 1. systam. When protection for data transmitted is required in both directions, two sets of public and secret key pairs are required. One common use for “Party x Data enciphermer,t “Patty B“ asymmetric ciphers isthe secure distribution of initial Encipherment keyA * Decipherment keyB keys for symmetric cipher systems. IKD) using KD (KD) The key management principles shall be properly applied to ensure the confidentiality of the secret key NOTE — Encipherment key A = Decipherment key B. and the integrity and authenticity of both the public and secret keys. Figure1— Exampleofasymmetricciphersystem A symmetric cipher system itself does not 7 Cryptographic environments distinguish either end in the system. However, if a symmetric cipher system is implemented with For both symmetric and asymmetric cipher systems, appropriate key management techniques coupled with the confidentiality of the secret keys and the integrity secure cryptographic devices, it may distinguish of both public and secret keys during storage and use each end and support unidirectional key services. If depends upon a combination of the following two the same set of keys provides protection (e.g. factors : encipherment, authentication, etc.) of secret data transmitted in both directions, it is known as “ a) the security. of the hardware device performing bidirectional keying. When a different set of keys is the cryptographic processing and storage ofthe keys used for protection of secret data transmitted in and other secret data (as described in 7.1) ;and each direction, it is known as unidirectional keying. b) the security of the environment in which the The key management principles shall be properly cryptographic processing and storage of the keys applied to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and and other secret data occurs (as described in 7.2). authenticity of the secret keys. Absolute security is not Drastically achievable; 6.2 Asymmetric ciphers therefore, key management procedures should imp[ement preventive measures to reduce the An asymmetric cipher is one in which the opportunity for a breach in security and aim for a encipherment key and decipherment key are “high” probability of detection of any illicit access to different, and it is computationally infeasible to secret or confidential data should these preventive deduce the decipherment key from the encipherment measures fail, 3 \\\IS 15256 (Patil) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 7.1 Securecryptographicdevice 8 Key management servicesfor symmetric ciphers A secure cryptographic device is a device that provides secure storage for secret information such as keys and provides security services based on this Key management services are employed with secret information. The characteristics and management symmetric cipher systems to ensure compliance with of such devices will be addressed in another ISO the key management principles listed in clause 5. standard. These services are briefly described below. (Techniques used to provide these services are addressed inISO 11568-2). 7.2 Physicallysecureenvironment 8.1 Separation A physically secure environment is one that is equipped with access controls or other mechanisms Key separation ensures that cryptographic processing designed to prevent any unauthorized access that may operate only with the specific functional keytypes, would result in the disclosure of all or part of any key e.g. message authentication code (MAC) key, forwhich or other secret data stored within the environment. itwas designed. Since keys are input to cryptographic functions inenc”~hered form, or recalled in clear form Examples of a physically secure environment are a from secure storage within the cryptographic device, safe or a purpose-built room with continuous access keyseparation may beachieved byvarying the process control, physical security protection, and monitoring. under which they are enciphered orstored. A physically secure environment shall remain such 8.2 Substitutionprevention until all keys or other secret data and useful residue from such secret data have been removed from the Key substitution prevention prohibits keys that are environment or destroyed. appropriate for use in a specific function from being used by parties, or at times, other than those for which they are intended, e.g. keys may not be used by 7.3 Securityconsiderationsfor secratkeys an unauthorized party or after the keys have expired. Plaintext secret keys shall exist only within a secure cryptographic device or within a physically secure 8.3 Identification environment. Key identification enables the transaction recipient to Plaintext secret key(s) whose compromise would determine the appropriate key(s) associated with the affect multipla parties shall exist only within a secure transaction. cryptographic davice. Plaintext secret kay(s) whose compromise would affect only ona party shall exist 8.4 Synchronization(availability) only within a secura cryptographic device or a physically secure environment oparated by, or on Cryptographic synchronization enables an originator behalf of, that party. and a recipient to ensure that the appropriate key is usad when akey change occurs. 7.4 Securityconsiderationsfor publickeys 8.5 Integrity In principle, there is no need to provida protection to Key integrity is ensured by verifying that the key has prevent disclosure ofpublic keys. However, physical or not been altered. logical protection shall be provided to prevent the unauthorized substitution ofapublic kay. Inaddition to protecting against publickeysubstitution, protection shall 8.6 Confidentiality be provided to prevent tha unauthorized disclosure of Key confidentiality ensures that secret keys are never any secret data to beenciphered undar apublic key. disclosed. 7.5 Protectionagainstcounterfeitdevices 8.7 Comprom”w detection Protection shall be provided to prevent or detect the In some situations it is not possible or feasible to Iagitimate device from being replaced with a prevent a security compromise, but adverse results counterfeit having, in addition to its legitimate from the compromise may be avoided or limited if capabilities, unauthorized abilities that might result in the compromise is detected. Security compromises the disclosure of secret data prior to encipherment. are detected by means of controls and audits. 4IS 15256 (Part l) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 9 Key lifecyclefor symmetricciphers 9.6 Replacement Key replacement occurs when one key is substituted Key management involves the generation of suitable for another when the original key” is known or keys, their distribution to and use by authorized suspected to be compromised or the end of its recipients, and their termination once they are no operational life is reached. longer required. To protect keysduring their lifetime ina manner necessary tocomply with the keymanagement principles listed in clause 5, keys are processed 9.7 Destruction through aseries of stages, which are briefly described below. This entire procedure iscalled the key life cycle. Key destruction ensures that an instance of a key in (More detailed information on the key life cycle for one ofthe permissible key forms no longer exists at a symmetric ciphers isprovided inISO 11568-3). specific location. Information may still exist at the location from which the key may be feasibly 9.1 Generation reconstructed for subsequent use. Key gerreration involves the creation of a new key for subsequent use. 9.8 Deletion Key deletion is the process by which an unwanted 9.2 Storage key, and information from which the key may be reconstructed, isdestroyed at‘itsoperational storage/ Key storage involves the holding of a key in one of use location. A key may be deleted from one location the permissible forms. and continue to exist at another, e.g. for archival purposes. 9.3 Backup Key backup occurs when a protected copy of a key is 9.9 Archive kept in storage during its operational use. Key archive is the process by which a key that is no 9.4 Distribution and loading longer inoperational use at any location is stored. Key distribution and loading is the process by which a key is manually or electronically transferred into a 9.10 Termination secure cryptographic device. Key termination occurs when a key is no longer required for any purpose and all copies of the key and 9.5 Use information required to regenerate or reconstruct the Key use occurs when a key is employed for the key have been deleted from all locations where they cryptographic purpose for which itwas intended. ever existed, 5IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 : 1994 Annex A (normative) Procedure for approval of a cryptographic algorithm The following procedu’reforapproval ofacryptographic A;3 Public disclosure algorithm for use with ISO 11568 shall be used by Any algorithm submitted for consideration shall be lso/-rc68. free of security classification. If copyright or patent application has been made on the algorithm, the originator shall submit the appropriate letter stating A.1 Justification of proposal that the originator is willing to grant a Iicence under lSO/TC 68 shall require the originator ofthe proposed these copyrights and patents on reasonable and non algorithm to justify its proposal by describing : discriminatory terms and conditions to anyone wishing to obtain such a Iicence to allow free and a) the purpose the proposal isto serve ; unconditional use by testers, users, and suppliers of supporting equipment and material. All documentation b) how this purpose is equally or better achieved and information submitted with the request for by the proposal than the algorithms already in the consideration of the algorithm shall be considered standard (the approved algorithms are located in public information available to any individual, the parts of this standard to which they apply) ; organization or agency for review, testing and usage. c) Additional merits not described elsewhere ;and d) Experience with the new algorithm. A.2 Documentation The proposed algorithm shall be completely documented when submitted for consideration. The A.4 Examination of proposals documentation shall include : lSO/lC 68 shall examine and prepare a report on a) a full description of the algorithm proposed ; each new proposal submitted. The report shall normally be sent to the lSO/TC 68 Secretariat within b) a clear acknowledgment that the algorithm 180 days of receipt of the proposal. The report shall satisfies, or iscompatible with, all the requirements state if the proposal is adequately documented, if it contained in this part of ISO 11568 ; has been properly tested and certified already, and if the proposed algorithm satisfies the conditions c) a definition and explanation of any new terms, and requirements of this standard. The examination factors or variables introduced ; may also include submission of the proposal for d) a step-by-step example illustrating the public review. encipherment and decipherment computations ; and lSO/TC 68 shall determine in each case whether such report and recommendations are best prepared by e) details of any prior testing to which the proposed correspondence between members or by a meeting. algorithm hasbeen subjected, particularly concerning If a meeting is.to be held, at least 60 days notice of itssecurity, reliability, and stability. Such information the date shall be given and of the papers to be dealt snduld include an outline of the testing procedures with atthe meeting. used, the results of the tests, and the identity of the agency or group performing the tests and certifying Where the majority of members of lSO/TC 68 the results (i.e. sufficient information should be recommends the rejection of the proposal, the provided toenablean independent agancytoconduct secretariat shall notifi the originator, in writing, thesametests andtocomparethe results achieved). advising ofthe rejection and the reasons for it.IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 : 1994 A.5 Public review copies of all relevant reports on it, for ballot by primary members of the subcommittee whose ruling lSO/TC68 shall forward proposals th’at it considers inthe matter shall be final. should be accepted (and that have not already been subjected to extensive testing or experience) to ~ . . selected agen Ies or Institutions with an international A.7 Incorporation of the new cryptographic reputation in this field. These agencies and algorithm institutions will be requested to examine and report on the proposals within 90 days of receipt. The new algorithm recommended for acceptance by K30/TC 68, together with relevant repofis on them, shall be circulated for letter ballot by the Secretariat NOTE 2 This period of public review may extend to the 180 days allowed for lSO/TC 88 to prepare its overall of lSOflC 68 to all primary members of the report on the proposal. subcommittee. Proposals approved as a result of this process shall be forwarded to the Secretariat of lSO/TC 68for action under the abbreviated procedure to A.6 Appeal procedure amend an existing standard. Once approval is given, the new algorithm shall be added to ISO 11568. Originators whose proposals are rejected by lSO/TC 68 may ask the Secretariat of lSO/TC 68 to have the proposals subjected to public review “ifthis has not A.8 Maintenance already been done. If,following the submission ofthe public review reports, lSO/TC 68 still recommends An algorithm approved by the method described in rejection, the originator may request the lSO/TC 68 this part of ISO 11568 shall be reviewed at intervals Secretariat to circulate the proposal, together with not greater than five years. 7IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 Annex B (informative) Example of a retail banking environment B.1 Introduction an acauirer. The. card acceDtor takes a transaction authorization from the acquirer as guarantee for This annex presents an example of the different payment. The security of the transaction information parties involved in the retail banking environment. exchanged with the acquirer is important. Security Transaction processing systems are composed of featuresmayincludemessageauthentication (see1S09807) subsystems operated by one or more of these andlor encipherment ofthe PIN. parties. This example isincluded to provide additional insight B.1.3 Acquirer into the key management principles and requirements The transaction acquirer provides transaction discussed within this part ofISO 11568. The description processing to card acceptors and card issuers. The has been simplified and may not apply toall national or acquirer takes responsibility for all or for part of the international environments. transaction content according to business arrangements with card issuers or their agents. Thus, for some B.1.1 Cardholder andcardissuer transactions the acquirer may authorize a transaction acting as agent of a card issuer. In other cases (e.g. The cardholder has a contractual relationship with the transaction value exceeds a certain threshold), the card issuer. The card issuer guarantees payment the transaction information issent to Acard issuer or for transactions or services whenever the cardholder its agent for authorization. identifies himself. The card serves to identify the cardholder and the card issuer. In addition, the card For the acquisition function, the acquirer needs may carry other information such as period of validity facilities that provide secure processing for (e.g. expiration date) and security related information translation ofenciphered PINs innode-to-node systems, (e.g. PIN offset). The cardholder and card issuer may ‘message authentication for transaction exchanges, agree on the method of issuing the unique, secret PIN etc.Forcombined acquisition and authorization functions, (see ISO 9564-1) to be used during transactions. The the acquirer needs security facilities to satisfy the transaction processing system has an obligation to requirements ofthe card issuer that they represent. maintain the PIN secrecy while transporting the transaction of the cardholder between the card B.1.4 Communications provider acceptor and the card issuer. The card issuer maintains the confidentiality of sensitive cardholder The communications provider delivers retailtransactions data (e.g. PINs). The card issuer may delegate sent from card acceptors to acquirers and card issuers. responsibility for verification ofthe PIN to an agent. Insome cases, the communication services are limited to data transmission, whereas in other cases more B.1.2 Card acceptor complex conversion facilities are needed. Forexample, the latter type ofservices maybe offered by aswitch in The card acceptor isthe party that accepts cards as a an interchange environment. Such a switch needs means of payment for goods or services. In POS security facilities that complement and satisfy the systems, this may be a retailer, services company, requirements of all business parties involved in the financial institution, etc. In ATM systems the card electronic delivery of the transaction. These facilities acceptor may bethe same party asthe acquirer. Rather may provide secure PIN translation, PIN verification, than accepting the card asdirect proof of payment, the and message authentication. card acceptor may forward transaction information toIS 15256 (Patti) :2002 ISO 11568-1 : 1994 Annex C (informative) Examples of threats in the retail banking environment C.1 Introduction Examples of passive threats that may be realized are the use of passive wiretapping to observe data This annex presents examples of threats to keys and being transmitted over a communications line, the other secret data in the retail banking environment. unauthorized modification (or “bugging”) of a device These examples are included to provide insight into to disclose secret data in the clear, or the the need to implement key management schemes to substitution of a counterfeit device for a legitimate provide data security. The information presented in device, where the counterfeit has the capability to this annex isdrawn from ISO 7498-2:1989, Annex A. disclose secret data. C.2.4 Activethreats C.2 Threats Active threats to a system involve the alteration of Threats to retail banking systems include the information in the system or changes to the state of following : operation of the system. Examples of active attacks are a malicious change to the routing tables of a a) destruction of information and/or other resour- system by an unauthorized user or the fraudulent ces ; modification of a ‘transaction declined” code to a b) corruption, modification or insertion of infor- “transaction approved” code. mation ; c) theft, removal or loss of information and/or C.2.4.1 Masquerade other resources ; A masquerade is where one party pretends to be a d) disclosure of information ; and different party. A masquerade is usually used with some form of an active attack such as replay and e) interruption of services. modification of messages or data. For instance, authentication sequences may be captured and Threats may be classified as accidental or intentional replayed after a valid authentication sequence has and may be active or passive. taken place. An authorized party with few privileges may use a masquerade to obtain extra privileges by impersonating a party that has those privileges. C.2.1 Accidental threats Accidental threats are those that exist with no premeditated intent. Examples of realized accidental C.2.4.2 Replay threats include system malfunctions, operational A replay occurs when a message, or part of a blunders and software bugs. message, is repeated to produce an unauthorized effect. For example, a valid message containing C.2.2 Intentional threats authentication information may be replayed by Intentional thrests may range from casual another party in order to authenticate itself (as examination using easily available monitoring tools something that it is not). to sophisticated attacks using special system knowledge. An intentional threat, if realized, may be C.2.4.3 Modificationofmessages considered an “attack”. Modification of a message occurs when the content C.2.3 Passive threats of a data transmission is altered without detection and results in an unauthorized effect. For example, a Passive threats are those that, if realized, would not message “Allow John Smith to read confidential file result in any modification to any information named accounts” ischanged to “Allow Fred Brown to contained in the system(s) and where neither the read confidential file named accounts”. operation nor the state of the system is changed. 9IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 :1994 C.2.4.4 Denial of service c) masquerading as authorized users of the system orthe components of the system ; Denial of service occurs when a party fails to perform its proper function or acts in a way that prevents d) bypassing authentication or access control other parties from performing their proper functions. mechanisms ;and The attack may be general, as when a party e) penetrating a cryptographic device to determine suppresses all messages directed to a particular the keys stored within it. destination, such as asecurity audit service orwhen a party generates extra traffic. It is also possible to generate messages intended to disrupt the operation C.2.4.7 Trapdoor of the network, especially if the network has relay parties that make routing decisions based upon A trapdoor is a hidden unauthorized software or status reports received from other relay parties hardware mechanism that may be triggered to allow the ,system security features to be bypassed. The trigger may be an external command (e.g. a special key sequence) or an internal predetermined event C.2.4.5 Insider attacks (e.g. a counter or date/time value). For example, a password validation program could be modified so Insider attacks occur when legitimate users of a that when a specific key sequence is entered, the system behave in unintended or unauthorized ways. attacker’s password isvalidated. Most known computer crime has involved insider attacks that compromised the security of the system. C.2.4.8 Trojanhorse When a software program that performs a legitimate C.2.4.6 Outsider attacks function contains a hidden unauthorized function that Outsider attacks may use techniques such as : exploits the legitimate function, the unauthorized function is called a Trojan horse. For example, a a) wire tapping (active or passive) ; program that legitimately copies secret data to a protected file could be modified to also copy the data b) intercepting emissions ; to afile accessible by the attacker. 10IS 15256 (Part 1) :2002 ISO 11568-1 : 1994 Annex D (informative) Bibliography [11ISO 7498-2:1990, /reformation processing systems [41 ISO 9807:1991, Banking and re/ated financial — Open Systems Interconnection — Basic Reference services — Requirements for message authentication Model — Part 2: Security Architecture. (retail). [21ISO 9564-1:1991, Banking — Persona/ Identification [51 ISO 11568-2:1994, Banking — Key management Number managemen~ and security — Part 1: PIN (retail) — Part 2: Key management techniques for protection principles and techniques. symmetric ciphers. [31ISO 9564-2:1991, Banking — Personal Identification 161ISO 11568-3:1994, Banking — Key management Number management andsecurity— Part Z:Approved (retail) — Part 3: Key life cycle for symmetric algorithm(s) for PIN encipherment. ciphers. 11 \ k.(Continued from .secorrd cover) In this adopted standard, informative references also appear to the following International Standards, for which no Indian Standards exist: ISO 9807:1991 Banking and related financial services — Requirements for message authentication (retail) ISO 11568-2:1994 Banking – Key management (retail) — Part 2: Key management techniques for symmetric ciphers ISO 11568-3:1994 Banking – Key management (retail) — Part 3: Key life cycle for symmetric ciphers The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has reviewed the provisions of the above referred standards and has decided that they are acceptable as such for use in conjunction with this standard. Annex A forms an integral part of this standard. Annexes B, C and D of this standard are for information only.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of hdian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reprodued in any form without the prior permission in writing from BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details,’ such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright maybe addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. 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3036.pdf	t IS 3039 i 1992 Indian Standard LAYING LIME CONCRETE FOR A WATERPROOFED ROOF FINISH - CODE OF PRACTICE ( Second Revision ) UDC 691.322 : 69982 : 692.4 : 006-76 Q BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 11900~ August 1992 &lee Group 3Waterpoofing and Damp-Proofing Sectional Committee, CED 41 _ . .. I FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Waterproofing and Damp-Proofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Lime concrete, apart from its use as a structural material in several situations in building construction, is also used for a waterproofed roof finish. The introduction of pozzolanic materials, such as burnt brick pozzolana in lime concrete and compaction to maximum density enhances the waterproofing effect. This standard is intended to provide guidance with respect to preparation and use of the lime concrete for waterproofing of roofs on the basis of existing knowledge and experience. This standard was first published in 1965 and revised in 1980. Since then a number of standards referred in this standard have been revised necessitating the need of this second revision. In this revision following modifications have been done: 1) Materials used for lime concrete have, been specified as per latest version of the relevant Indian Standard. 2) Preparation of lime concrete has been elaborated to bring it in line with IS 2541 : 1991 Code of practice for preparation and use of lime concrete. 3) Recommendation for roof finish for extreme c!imatic condition has been added. 4) All other references .have been updated..for the benefit of the user. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding ofI numerical values ( revised).’ The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same that of the specified value in this standard.IS 3036 : 1992 Indian Standard LAYING LIME CONCRETE FOR A WATERPROOFED ROOF FINISH - CODE OF PRACTICE ( Second Revision ) 1 SCOPE 5.3 Coarse Aggregate This standard covers the preparation and laying Coarse aggregate for use in lime concrete having of lime concrete for a waterproofed finish on a maximum size of 25 mm shall be broken brick flat roof surface. ( burnt clay ) aggregates conforming to IS 3068 : 1986 or natural st.one aggregates 2 REFERENCES conforming to IS 383 : 1970 depending upon the situation of use. The Indian Standards listed at Annex A are necessary adjuncts to this standard. 5.4 Water 3 TERMINOLOGY Water used for both mixing and curing concrete shall be clean and free from injurious amounts 3.0 For the purpose of this standard, the of deleterious materials. Sea water shall not be following definitions shall apply. used. Potable water is generally considered 3.1 Flat Roof satisfactory for mix. A practically level roof surface with only a 6 PREPARATION OF LIME CONCRETE small slope for purpose of drainage; the term is used in contrast with pitched or sloped roof. 6.1 Mortar for Concrete 3.2 Roof Finish One part of slaked lime and two parts of burnt brick pozzolana ( or lime pozzolana mixture ) The top part of a Aat roof which contributes by volume shall be mixed on a water tight protection and durability to it, without itself platform. This shall then be sprinkled with the being a structural or supporting element in the required quantity of water and shall be well roof. ground in a mill or using mechanical grinder. 4 GENERAL Hand pounding may be done for small quantity. If hydrated lime is used adjustments shall be For efficient planning, design and laying of the made in the proportion in accordance with waterproofing fiirish the basic information, IS 2250 : 1981. design considerations and preparation of roof surface shall be as given in IS 3067 : 1988. 6.2 Coarse Aggregate 5 MATERIALS If coarse aggregate contains excessive dirt it shall be washed and well drained before use. 5.1 Lime Burnt clay or other porous coarse aggregate shall be thoroughly soaked in water for a As far as possible class C line ( fat line ) in the period not less than six hours before use in form of hydrated lime conforming to IS 712 : concrete mix. 1984 shall be used. Quick lime shall be slaked in accordance with IS 1635 : 1975. 6.3 Mixing 5.2 Pozzolanic Material Lime concrete may be hand mixed or small Calcined clay pozzolana shall conform to hand operated mixer may be used. For Iarger IS 1344 : 1981. Lime pozzolana mixture when quantities the use of mechanical mixer would be used shall conform to LP 40 of IS 4098 : 1983. desirable. 1IS 3036 : 1992 6.3.1 Hand Mixing the rain-water smoothly. The average thickness of lime concrete shall not be less than 100 mm. 6.3.1.1 Mixing shall be done on a clean water In case the thickness is more than 100 mm each tight platform of sufficient size to provide layer shall not be more than 100 to 125 mm. ample mixing area. The platform shall have tight close joints so that there is no leakage of If the roof is fat, slope not less than 1 in 60 water or mortar through them and mixing tool shall be given. However, in case of heavy does not strike the joints while in operation. rainfall area slope of 1 in 40 is recommended. The minimum compacted thickness of the 6.3.1.2 Coarse aggregate and lime-pozzolana concrete layer shah, however, be nowhere less mortar in the proportion of 2& : 1 parts by than 50 mm. volume shall be used. Coarse aggregate shall be slaked to an even surface on the platform and 7.3 After the lime concrete is laid, it shall be lime pozzolana mortar prepared as per 6.1 shall initially rammed with a rammer weighing not then be evenly spread over the aggregate and more than 2 kg and the finish brought to the the whole thoroughly mixed water in just required evenness and slope. Alternately sufficient quantity shall be applied with a bamboo strips may be used for the initial sprinkler, to enable the mortar to adhere to ramming. Further consolidation shall be done each piece of aggregate. The mixing shall be using wooden THAPIES with rounded edges. done by turning it over and over several times, The workmen will sit close together, and beat until all the particles of aggregate are covered the surface lightly and in rhythm and move with mortar and a concrete of uniform forward gradually. The beating will normally appearance and consistency is obtained. have to be carried on for at least seven days until the THAPI makes no impression on the 6.3.2 Machine Mixing surface and rebounds readily from it when struck. Two and a half parts by volume of clean saturated surface dry coarse aggregate shall first be fed NOTE - The ramming and compacting of lime into the mixer and then one part by volume of concrete may also be done by a tamping machine lime. Pozzolana mortar as per 6.1 shall then be which has been developed by Central Building added to the mixer and the content mixed well. Research Institute, Roorkee and is commercially available. Mixing shall be continued until there is a uniform distribution of the material. Final 7.3.1 If the surface during the process of adjustment of water, to obtain concrete of compaction becomes too uneven that water required consistency may be made by adding lodges in pools, the surface shall be pricked up clean water, if necessary, and turning the and fresh lime concrete spread and consolidated ingredients in the mixer. as is necessary so as to ensure proper slopes and levels are being maintained with adequate NOTE - Lime concrete may also be prepared by mixing the aggregate inclusive of brick dust obtai- bonding between old and new concrete by ned during breakicg with slaked lime in the same sprinkling requisite quantity of lime water proportions by volume as in 6.3.2. The aggregate ( 1 part of putty and 3 to 4 parts of water ) with shall be thoroughly soaked before use. any of the solution prepared under 7.3.3. 6.4 The lime concrete shall be used in the work within 36 hours of the preparation of lime 7.3.2 Special care shall be taken to properly mortar if burnt clay pozzolana is incorporated consolidate the concrete at its junction with ( see IS 2541 : 1974 ). the parapet wall. NOTE - Addition of 12 kg of washing soap and 4 kg of alum in each cubic metre of lime concrete 7.3.3 During compaction by hand-beating the dissolved in water will improve the waterproofing surface shall be sprinkled liberally with lime quality of the lime concrete. water ( 1 Part of putty and 3 to 4 parts of water ) and small proportion of sugar solution 7 LAYING ( see Note 1 ) or a solution prepared by soaking in water the dry nuts of Terminalia chebula 7.1 The roof surface shall be prepared as given ( see Note 2 ) for obtaining improved water- in 4. proofing of the concrete. On completion of 7.2 Laying of lime concrete shall be started beating, the mortar that comes on the top shall from a corner of the roof and proceed be smoothened with a trowel or float, if diagonally towards centre and other sides necessary, with the addition of sugar solution considering the slopes required for draining and lime putty. 2IS 3036 : 1992 NOTES lime concrete water proofed roof finish and masonry and RCC parapet walls are illustrated 1 The sugar solution is prepared in the northern parts of the country by mixing about 3 kg of in Fig. 1 and 2 respectively. jaggery and 14 kg of BAEL fruit to 100 litres of water by boiling. 8 FINISH 2 The solution of Terminalia chebula ( KADUKAI ) 8.1 In case of accessible roof finish one layer may be prepared as follows: of burnt clay flat terracing tiles [ see IS 2690 The dry nuts shall be broken to small pieces Part 1 ) : 1975 and IS 2690 ( Part 2 ) : 1975 ] and allowed to soak in water. The general may be laid over a thin layer of lime mortar. practice is to have a proportion 600 g of KADUKAI, 200 g of jaggsry and 40 litres of However, in the extreme condition where there water for IO rn2 work. This solution is brewed is considerable expansion and contraction, two for 12 to 24 hours. The resulting liquor is layers of tiles may be put on the top of lime decanted and used for the work. pozzolana concrete. The tiles should be joined 3 In some areas, METHI, jaggery and hemp are with non-shrinking impervious mortar by adding added while preparing and laying lime concrete. suitable integral waterproofing admixtures or 5 7.4 Curing percent used engine oil by weight of cement and finished neat. The lime concrete after compaction shall be cured for a minimum of 10 days or until it 8.2 The protection against water penetration hardens by covering with a thin layer of grass for the roof finish is enhanced by efficient or straw which shall be kept wet continuously. drainage of surface water. 7.5 Treatment of Junction Between Roof Finish 8.2.1 For this purpose, the slope of the terrace and Parapets with lime concrete and tile finish shall not be All along the junction of the roof surface with less than 1 in 60 and the slope in the case of the masonry of the parapet wall, a strip of lime plain lime concrete finish shall not be less than concrete fillet shall be laid and finished smooth. 1 in 50. Typical details of treatment at junction between 8.2.2 For every 40 m2 of roof area, one 100 mm r COPlNG dtameter rain water pipe shall be provided. BRICK MASONRY BRICK MASONRY STRIP (CONCAVE STRUCTURAL ROOF LIME CONCRETE LIME CONCRETE Structural Roof Slab and Lime Concrete Finish 1 B Structural Roof Slab and Lime Concrete Finish Extending to the Full Width of Wall not Extending to the Full Width of Wall FIG. 1 DETAIL AT JUNCTIONB ETWEENL IME CONCRETEW ATERPROOFEDR O~IF FINISH AND PARAPETW ALL ( Contd )IS 3036 : 1992 /-COPING BRICK MASONRY VEX) STRUCTURAL ROOF LIME CONCRETE RAIN IC Detail Showing Arrangement of Downpipe for IA SLOPE IN PLASTER /- / ,- BRICK MASONRY L I ME CONCRETE LAID TO A min SLOPE OF 1 IN 50 mm DEEP PLASTER DRIP COURSE \ mm WIDE GAP PARTIALLY - I FILLED WITH BITUMEN FILLER STRUCTURAL ROOF SLAB CHAMFER PROVIDED IN PLASTER CEMENT PLASTER WITH LIME WASH OR KRAFT PAPER PAINTED WITH HOT BITUMEN OF APPROVED QUALITY 80/100 OR EQUIVALENT (3 l-7 kg/m2 BLINDED WITH 0006m3 OF COARSE SAND i PER SQUARE METRE OF AREA 1 D Junction of Roof with Parapet Wall ( Alternate Arrangement ) All dimensions in millimetres. PIG. 1 DETAIL AT JUNCTIONB ETWEENL IME CONCRET.WB ATERPR~~FEJ ROOF FINISH AND PARAPETW ALL ( ContcI) 4IS 3036:1992 SLOPE IN PLASTER PAINTED WITH HOT BITUMEN OF APPROVED QUALITY 80/100 OR EQUIVALENT (a I-7 kg/m2 BLENDED WlTH 0.OD6 m3 OF COARSE .SAND PER SQUARE METRE OF AREA SLOPE OF 1 12mm WIDE GAP PARTIALLY FILLED WITH BITUMEN FILLE RAL ROOF SLAB KHURRA LO cm SOU.ARE LAID WITH CEMENT CONCRETE FINISHEO WITH 12mm CEMENT MORTOR (1:3) CEMENT PLASTER WITH LIME WASH OR KRAFT PAPER AIN WATER PIPE 1E DETAIL OF KHURRA FOR ID All dimensions in millimetres. FIG. 1 TYPICAL DETAILS AT J~JNCT~OBNE TWEENL YMEC oNcReTEW ATERPRooFED ROOF FINISHA ND MASONRYP AKApETW ALL RCC PARAPET CC PARAPET LIME CONCRETE FILLET ME CONCRETE FILLET ,-LIME CONCRETE TERRACING LIME CONCRETE TERRACING cELcTm BRICK WALL 2A Junction Betwewp;;of Slab and RCC 2B Details of Roof Slab and Rain Water Pipe FIG. 2 TYPICAL DBTAILSA T THEJ UNCTIONB ETWEENL IME CONCRETEW ATERPROOFED ROOF FINISHA ND RCC PARAPETW ALLIS 3036: 1992 ANNEX A ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS Title 383 : 1970 zoarmse ;.nnra;ne aggregates 2690 Burnt clay flat terracing tile : sources for ( Part 1 ) : 1975 Part 1 Machine made (Jirst concrete ( second revision ) revision ) 712 : 1984 Building limes ( third revision ) 2690 Burnt clay flat terracing tile : 1344 : 1981 Specification for calcined clay ( Part 2 ) : 1975 Part 2 Hand made (first pozzolana ( second revision ) revision ) 1635 : 1975 Code of practice for field 3067 : 1988 Code of practice for general slaking of building lime and design details and prepara- preparation of putty (Jirst tory work for damp-proofing revision ) and waterproofing of buildings 2250 : 1981 Code of practice for prepa- 3068 . 1986 Broken brick ( burnt clay ) ration and use of masonry coarse aggregates for use in mortars (first revision ) lime concrete (first revision ) 2541 : 1991 Code of practice for prepa- ration and use of lime concrete 4098 : 1983 Lime-pozzolana mixture (first (first revision ) revision ) 6Sttidard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection,. testing and quality control .which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standa& Act, 2986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in.the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designation. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. CED 41 ( 4999 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3310131 NEW DELHI 110002 1 331 13 75 Eastern : l/14 C. I. T_ Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 84 99, 37 85 61, CALCUTTA 700054 ( 37 86 26, 37 86 62 53 38 43, 53 16 40, Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 1 53 23 84 235 02 16, 235 04 42, Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 E2 35 15 19, 235 23 15 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 632 92 95, 632 78 58, BOMBAY 400093 632 78 91, 632 78 92 Branches : AHMADABAD, BANGALORE, BHOPAL, BHUBANESHWAR, COIMBATORE. 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276.pdf	IS 276:2000 WRfhm Indian Standard AUSTENITIC-MANGANESE STEEL CASTINGS — SPECIFICATION (’FijithRevision) ICS 77.140.80 K)BIS 2000 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 ,4?/gL(st2000 Price-Group 3. ..— . p!! Steel Castings Sectional Committee, MTD 17 FOREWORD This Indian Standard (Fifth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized hy -the Steel Castings Sectional Committee had been approved by the Metallurgical Engineering Division Council. This standard was first published in 1953 and was revised in 1963, 1969, 1978 and 1992. While reviewing the standard in light of the experience gained during these years the committee has decided that the standard — may be further revised. In this revision various clauses have been aligned with the recent standards on steel castings. In view of the increasing quality consciousness and in order to align the standard with the International Standads, the limits of silicon, sulphur and phosphorus have been revised to update the chemical composition of Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings. In preparation of this standard, assistance has been derived from: ‘.’ a) ASTM Designation : A 1281A 128 M-86 Steel castings ‘Austenitic manganese’ issued by the American Society for Testing and Materials. b) JIS: G5131 :High Manganese Steel Castings. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shaIl be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.lS 276 :2000 Indian Standard AUSTENITIC-MANGANESE STEEL CASTINGS — SPECIFICATION ( Fifih Revision ) 1 SCOPE 5 SUPPLY OF MATERIAL This standard covers the requirements for austenitic General requirements relating to supply of steel —.— manganese steel casti rigs. castings shall be as laid down in IS 8800. 2 REFERENCES 6 MANUFACTURE The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are The steel for the castings shall be made by electric necessary adjuncts to this standard. arc or electric induction or such other processes as may be agreed to between the purchaser and the 3 TERMINOLOGY manufacturer. 3.1 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 7 PARTICULARS TO BE SPECIFIED WHILE ORDERING 3.1.1 Cast (h4eft) — The product of any of the following: For the benefit of the purchaser, particulars to be specified while ordering for steel castings to this a) One furnace heat, specification are given in Annex B. b) One crucible heat, or 8 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION c) A number of furnace or crucible heats of similar composition mixed in a ladle before pouring. 8.1 The ladle analysis of steel when carried out either by the method specified in IS 228 and its 3.1.2 Batch — A group of castings of one grade of relevant parts or any other established material, cast from the same melt and heat-treated instrumental/chemical method~ shall be as given in together under identical conditions. Table 1. In case of dispute the procedure given in IS 228 shall be the referee method. However, where 4 GRADES the method is not given in IS 228, the referee 4.1 This standard covers a total of seven grades of method shall be as agreed to between the purchaser austenitic manganese steel castings. and the manufacturer. Table 1 Chemical Composition of Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings (Clauses 8.1 and 8.3) Grade Constituent, Percentl) A ( c Si Mn p2) s Cr Mo Ni > 1 1.05-1.35 1.0 I1.0-14.0 0.08 0.025 — — — 2 0,90-1.05 1.0 11.5-14.0 0.08 0,025 — — — 3 1.05-1.35 1.0 11.5-14.0 0.08 0.025 1.5-2.5 — — 4 0.70-1.30 1.0 -11.5-14.0 0.08 0.025 . — 3.0-5.0 5 I.05-1.45 1.0 11.5-14.0 0.08 0.025 — 1.8-2.1 — 6 I.05-1.35 0.30-0.90 16.0-19.0 0.08 0.025 — — — 7 1.05-1.35 0.30-0.90 16.0-19.0 0.08 0.025 1.5-2.5 — . NOTES 1 In case of Grades 1and 3 it is desirable to have a minimum ratio of manganese to carbon 10:1. 2 Section size precludes the use of all grades and the producer should be consulted as to the grade practically obtainable for a patiiculm design required. Final selection shall be by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. I)Maximum Un]ess a range is specified. 2)~henever’ a ptiicu]ar aPP]icatlon warrants it, a purchaser may stipulate, at the time of enquirY and order, a lower ‘p’ level,lS 276 :2000 8.2 The manufacturer shall carry out analysis from other process involving intense heat, care shall be a sample of each melt and, if so specified by the taken to make the cut at a sufficient distance from purchaser at the time of enquiry and order, shall the body of the casting so as to prevent any defect supply a test certificate of chemical analysis of the being introduced into the casting due to local sample of steel for each melt, heating. Any such operation is to be done before final heat treatment. 8.3 Product Analysis 10.3 In the event of any casting proving defective If specified at the time of enquiry and order, product from foundry causes in the course of preparation, analysis may be carried out from a test piece or machining or erection, such a casting may be from a casting representing each melt. Drillings for rejected notwithstanding any previous certification analysis shall be taken from not less than 6 mm of satisfactory testing andtor inspection. beneath the cast surface, and in such a manner as to not impair the usefulness of any casting selected. NOTES The permissible variation in product analysis from 1 The relatively high austenitising temperature in combination the limits specified in Table 1 shall ‘be as given in with high carbon content canses marked surface decarburization IS 6601. by furnace atmosphere and some loss of manganese. The skin may hence be partiafly martensitic which can lead to formation NOTE — Contamination of the drillings by drillchipsmust of fine and shallow surface cracks. These cracks for most ofthe be avoided. Ffat drills of the best high speed steels, or drills ordirmzy applications are not functionally harmful unless severe of some of the newer tool materials, will generally be impact or tensile stresses ate involved. This is for informatidrr satisfactory for drilling manganese steel. Manganese steel may only. be drilled best after it has been annealed for several hours at 500 to 600”C. 2 The changes that occur in composition of the surface of the castings during heat treatment may produce a magnetic skin. 8.4 Residual Elements This surface magnetism thus developed is usually not harmful. It can be substantially diminished by grinding, if required. This 8.4.1 Elements not specified in Table 1 shall not is for information only. ordinarily be added to the steel and all reasonable 3 (a) After heat treatment, the microstructure of the material precautions shall be taken to prevent contamination isordinarily fully austenitic. However, incase of heavy section from scrap, etc, to keep them as low as practicable. thickness, due to the relatively slow rate of soledification and cooling, a substantial quantity of carbides separate out during 8.4.2 Analysis and reporting of the analysis in test the original casting process. Such carbides are rather slow to certificate for the residual elements shall be done dissolve back into the austenite during heat treatment. Attempting to totally eliminate carbides from microstructure, only when so specifie(’ by the purchaser in enquiry especially in the interior regions of thick walled castings, may and order. However, c[~emanufacturer shall ensure call for very prolonged soaking periods at the austenitizatioa that the residual elements are within the limits, temperature. Such a prolonged soaking, in turn, coa]d result when such limits are specified by the purchaser in in some degree ofdegradation of the surface, in the nature of scaling, decarburisation, etc. as also grain growth which can enquiry and order. be harmful. Heuce, the presence of a small percentage uf carbides in heavy section thickness castings, especially in the 9 WORKMANSHIP AND FINISH inner region, is tolerated as a practical compromise and is usually not harmful. It is open to the parties to agree on the 9.1 The castings shall be accurately moulded in extent of presence of carbides for a given section thickness. accordance with the pattern or the working drawings However, unless specially agreed upon between the pafiics, or supplied by the purchaser or mutually agreed to so stipulated in the enquiry and order, microstructural examination 51 is not a criterion for acceptance of castings to with the addition of such letters, figures and marks thk standard. as may be specified. 3 (b) To overcome, or to minimise, the problem of presence 9.2 The purchaser shall specify the tolerances on all of carbides in the heat treated condition and the consequent important dimensions. On other dimensions, loss oftoughness to acertain degree, for applications involving heavy section thicknesses and high impact Grades 4 and 5 are tolerances specified in IS 4897 shall apply. recommended. NOTE — For the sake of information itis stated that toensure proper fitting it is often necessary to keep the tolerances on 11 FETTLING AND DRESSING exiernal dimensions on negative side and on the internal dimensions on positive side in case of austenitic manganese All castings shall be properly fettled and dressed, steel castings. and all surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned. 10 FREEDOM FROM DEFECTS 12 HEAT TREATMENT 10.1 All castings shall be free from defects that will 12.1 The castings shall be heat treated in a properly adversely affect machining or utility of castings. constructed furnace, having adequate means of 10.2 When necessary to remove risers or gates by temperature control, which shall permit the whole of flame or arc or a combination thereof, or by any the castings to be uniformly heated to the necessary 2IS 276:2000 temperature. All castings shall be suitably heat 13.2 All test bars shall be suitably marked to treated so as to attain the specified mechanical identify them with the castings they represent. properties. 14 MECHANICAL TESTS 12.2 Unless otherwise specified in enquiry and 14.1 The mechanical properties specified are those order or agreed to between the purchaser and the which are to be obtained from test bars cast either manufacturer, all castings shall be suitably “heat separately from or attached to the castings to which treated to render them tough and ductile. This they refer and heat treated as given in 12. The test treatment shall consist of uniformly heating the values so exhibited, therefore, represent the quality castings to a suitable temperature, holding them till of steel from which the castings have been poured; they are uniformly heated throughout, and they do not necessarily represent the properties of quenching them with a minimum time lag in water the castings themselves. “ from a minimum temperature of 1 040°C. Water shall be adequately agitated to prevent formation of 14.2 Brinell Hardness Test a vapour blanket around castings during quenching. In case of Grade 4 castings, alternatively they may Castings when supplied in the heat-treated condition be air cooled from above 1 040°C if the maximum and tested in accordance with IS 1500 shall have section thickness does not exceed 60 mm and if so the Brinell hardness for the various grades as given agreed to between the parties. in Table 2 subject to the condition as specified in 14.2.1. 12.2.1 A record of heat treatment of the castings shall be maintained by the manufacturer, a copy of 14.2.1 In case of Grades 4, 5, 6 and 7 the upper which shall be supplied to the purchaser, if so limit for hardness values are only indicative and, specified at the time of enquiry and order. unless agreed to between the purchaser and the manufacturer at the time of enquiry and order, arc 12.3 Test pieces shall be heat treated along with the not applicable. It may be noted that in these grades, castings they represent. the hardness value is not a reliable indicator of quality. NOTE — When bend test specimens are heat-treated with the castings of comparatively heavy section, the test bars may be 14.2.2 The hardness test may be carried out either protected from oxidation by enclosing them in pipes m on a casting or on a test bar at the discretion of the containers having a small amount of carbonaceous material or purchaser. any other suitable protective medium and suitnbly closed to prevent the furnace gases from coming in contact with the test bars. To permit the expansion of the gases within these pipes 14.3 Bend Test or containers, they should not be completely seated. The test specimen shall withstand cold bending -13 TEST BARS through 150° around a mandrel of 50 mm in diameter without breaking into two pieces. Surface 13.1 Unless otherwise specified, test bars shall be cracks after bending are not considered as failure if cast separately in the same manner as the castings the sample remains in one piece. The bars shall be they represent and shall be poured at the same time approximately 225 mm long and of 20 x 13 mm in and from the same ladle from which the castings cross section. The edges may be rounded to a radius are poured. not exceeding 1.5 mm. Table 2 Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Manganese Steel Castings (Clauses 14,14 .2.1,14.3 and 14.4) Grade Tensile Strength Yield Stress Elongation Percent Hardness HB Angle ofBend Mitr(MPa) Min(MPa) Min Max Degrees, Min (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1 600 300 24 229 I50 2 — — — 229 150 3 600 300 24 229 150 4 — — — 229 150 5 — — . 229 150 6 — — 280 150 7 — — — 280 150 NOTE — All the machanictd properties shown above in the table are optional except for the bend test requirement for all grades and hardness values given againest grades 1, 2, and 3. 3lS 276 :2000 14.4 Tensile Test (Optional Test) 16 REPAIR OF CASTINGS 11’specified by the purchaser at the time of enquiry 16.0 Care should be taken that minimum heat is and order, the tensile test shall be carried out in applied to the base metal during welding. For this accordance with IS 1608. purpose a short arc length, the lowest practicable current, welding in parts the smallest diameter of 15 NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS electrodes as per section to be welded and where possible submerging in water the portion of the 15.1 Non-destructive testing shall be applied if so casting being welded uptojust below the weld level specified in enquiry and order. Under this heading and other methods of rapid cooling of the weld area the tests are grouped which aim at revealing defects are to be applied. which cannot be detected by a simple visual cxmnination, such as penetrant, magnetic particle, 16.1 Unless otherwise specitled by the purchaser in ultrasonic, X-radiographic, or gamma-radiographic the enquiry and order, castings may be rectified by inspection; also included under this heading are welding. All repairs by welding shall be carried out tests on the surface condition by visual or in accordance witt-the procedure laid down in IS 5530. visual-tactile examination. The purchaser shall If castings have been subjected to non-destructive specify the following in enquiry and order: testing by agreement between-the purchaser and the manufacturer, the castings shall be re-examined in a) The type of non-destructive testing which he the area of repair following any rectifying operation intends to carry out or to have carried ouc performed on the castings. b) The area or areas of the casting to which these 16.2 To form the basis of an agreement between the tests apply, and the types of discontinuity, purchaser and the supplier in this respect, where where relevant; relevant, the following classification shall apply c) Whether all, or what proportion, of the castings concerning -the extent of repair: are to be tested; a) Weld repair involving a depth not exceeding d) The severity level defining the acceptability or 20 percent of wall thickness or 25 mm, non acceptability of defects which may be whichever is lower, shall be termed as a minor revealed; and repair. c) Whether the manufacturer is or is not b) Any weld repair exceeding the above shall be contractually responsible for carrying out the termed as a major repair. Further any single tests. repair having an area exceeding 250 mm square for every millimeter of wall thickness 15.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, when shall also be deemed to be a major repair, non-destructive testing is to be done, the castings regardless of the considerations mentioned in shall be examined as follows: (a) above. a) Ultrasonic examination (see IS 7666) 16.3 In view of the practical difficulties involved in getting crack-free welding if weld metal of the same b) Magnetic particle examination (see IS 3703) composition range as the parent material is used, c) Liquid penetrant examination (see IS 3658) the following releaxed conditions for minor welding shall apply, without formal qualification of the d) Radiographic examination (see IS 2595) procedure and welder performance: 15.3 “Unless otherwise agreed upon the following a) Defects shall be welded using a procedure and shal I be the acceptance standards: welders capable of producing sound welds. The weld deposit shall be austenitic steel in a) IS 9565 for ultrasonic inspection. general, but welds on wearing w-faces shall h) IS 10724 for magnetic particle inspection. consist of austenitic manganese steel. c) IS 11732 for liquid penetrant inspection. b) Weld repairs shall be inspected to the same quality standards as are used in the inspection d) IS 12938 for radiographic inspection. of the castings. NOTE — The castingstothisstandardaremtsteuitic.Hence, c) To judge the quality of weld, attention is it woald not be ordinarily feasible to conduct ultrasonic and magnetic particle inspection on them. invited to Note No. 1 given under 10.3. 4lS 276 :2000 17 METHOD OF SAMPLING 18.2 By agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, castings complying with the Tbc method of sampling steel castings for the requirements of this standard may, after inspection, put-pose of chemical analysis and mechanical be legibly and indelibly marked with an acceptance tests including re-test shall he in accordance with mark. Is 6907. 18 MARKING 18.3 BIS Certification Marking 18.1 Each casting shall be legibly marked with the The castings may also be marked with the Standard t’oliowing as may be relevant. However, where Mark. Iinkage and traceability are required the relevant marking shall be indelible. 18.3.1 The use of Standard Mark is governed by the a) The number or identification mark by which it provisions of Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 is possible to trace the melt and the and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. heat-treatment batch from which it was made; The details of condition under which the Iicence for b) The manufacturer’s initials or trade-mark; and the use of Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from c) Other identification marks in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards. any agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. NOTE — Itis recommended that minimum markings be used. 5IS 276:2000 ANNEX A (Clause 2) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title ISNo. Title 228 Methods for chemical analysis of 6601:1987 Permissible deviations in chemical steels (second revision) composition for products analysis of steel castings (@W revision) 1500:1983 Methods for Brrnell Hardness test for metallic “materials (second 6907:1992 Methods of sampling steel revision) castings (second revision) 7666:1988 Recommended procedure for 1599:1985 Method for bend test (second ultrasonic examination of ferritic revision) castings of carbon and low alloy 1608:1995 Mechanical testing of metals-tensile steel (first revision) testing (second revision) 8800:.1997 Technical delivery conditions for 1757:1988 Methods of charpy impact test steel castings (third revision) (V-notch) for metallic materials 9565:1995 Acceptance standards - for (second revision) ultrasonic inspection of steel 2595:1978 Code of practice for radiographic castings (@t revision) testing (/h revision) 10461 Method for determination of 3658:1981 Code of practice for liquid resistance to inter-granular corrosion penetrant llaw detection (first ofaustenitic stainless steel: revision) (Part 1): 1994 Corrosion tests in nitric acid 3703:1980 Code of practice for magnetic medium by measurement of loss in particle flaw detection (second mass (Huoy test) (firsretviyion) revision) (Part 2): 1994 Copper sulphate/sulphuric acid 4897:1997 Deviations on untoleranced test (Monypenny Straus test) (jirst dimensions and mass of steel revision) castings (third revision) 10724:1990 Acceptance standards for 5530:1987 Code of procedure for repair and magnetic particle inspection of rectification of steel castings by steel castings (jlrst revision) metal arc weldkg process @rst 11732:1995 Acceptance standards for dye revision) penetrant inspection of steel castings ANNEX B (Clause 7) INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE PURCHASER -B-1 BASIS FOR ORDER C) Optional/additional tests required, if any; While placing an order for purchase of steel d) Whether the castings are to be inspected and castings covered by this standard, the purchaser tested in the presence of the purchaser’s should specify the following: representative; a) Material specification; e) Condition of delivery; b) Drawing or reference number of the pattern (if f) Any special requirement; and supplied by the purchaser), along with a copy of the drawing; g) Test report, if required. 61 I Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, typ6 or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of India Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes arc needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. MTD 17 (4241). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. - Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OFINDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams :Manaksanstha Telephones :3230131, 3233375,3239402 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 3237617 NEW DELHI 110002 { 3233841 Eastern : 1/14 C. I.T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi 3378499,3378561 CALCU’ITA 700054 { 3378626,3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843 { 602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 2350216,2350442 { 2351519,2352315 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) 8329295,8327858 MUMBAI 400093 { 8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed at PRINTOGRAPH, New Delhi
3025_10.pdf	1s : 3025 ( Part 10) - 1984 UDC 628’11.3: 643’316 ( Third Reprint SEPTEMBER 1998 ) (Reaffirmed1 996) Indian Standard METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST ( PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ) FOR WATER AND WASTE WATER PART 10 TURBIDITY ( First Revision ) I. Scope - Prescribes nephelometric method for the measurement of turbidity of water. This method is applicable to all types of water. 2. Principle - It is based on comparision of the intensity of light scattered by the sample under defined conditions with the intensity of light scattered by a standard reference suspension under the same conditions. The higher the intensity of scattered light, the higher the turbidity. Formazin polymer is generally used as turbidity standard because it is more reproducible than other types of standards used previously. The turbidity of a particular concentration of Formazin suspension is defined as 40 Jackson turbidity units. The same suspension of Formazin has a turbidity of approximately 40 units when measured on Jackson candle turbidimeter. Thus turbidity units based on the Formazin preparation closely approximate those derived from Jackson candle turbidimeter but may not always be indentical to them. 3. Interferences - Coloured solutes cause low turbidity values. 4. Apparatus 4.1 Sample Tubes - The sample tubes should be of clear and colourless glass. 4.2 Turbidimeter- The turbidimeter shall consist of a nephelometer with a light source for illuminat- ing the sample and one or more photo electric detectors with a readout device to indicate the intensity of light scattered at right angles to the path of the incident light. The turbidimeter should be SO designed that little stray light reaches the detector in the absence of turbidity and should be free from significant drift after a short warm-up period. 5. Reagents 5.1 Turbidity-Free Water - Pass distilled water through membrane filter having a pore size not greater than 0’45 pm, if such filtered water shows a lower turbidity than the distilled water. Discard the first 200 ml collected. Otherwise use distilled water. 5.2 Hexamethylene Tetramine Solution - Dissolve 10’0 g hexamethylene tetramine in demineralised water and dilute to 100 ml. 5.3 Hydrazine Sulphate Solution - Dissolve 1’000 g hydrazine sulphate (NH&HaSOI) in deminera- lised water and dilute to 100 ml. 5.4 Turbidity Standard Suspension I ( Formazin) - In a 1 O&ml volumetric flask mix 5’0 ml hydratine sulphate solution with 5’0 ml haxamethylene tetramine solution. After 24-hour standing at 25 f 3”C, dilute to 100 ml with demineralised water and mix well. Prepare fresh monthly. 5.5 Turbidity Standard Suspension II - Dilute IO ml turbidity standard suspension I to 1OQ ml with demineralised water, The turbidity of this suspension is defined as 40 Jackson Turbidity units (JTU). Prepare fresh weekly. This suspension may be diluted as required to prepare more dilute turbidity standards. 6. Sample Handling and Preservation - Preservation of sample is not practical. Analysis should begin as soon as possible. Refregeration or chilling to 4°C is recommended to minimize micro- biological reaction. 7. Procedure 7.1 Turbidimeter Calibration-Follow the manufacturer’s operating instructions. Measure the standards on turbidimeter covering the range of interest. If the instrument is already calibrated in standard turbidity units, this procedure will check the accuracy of calibration. Adopted2 9 February1 984 Q July 1985,BlS Or 1 I I BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFARM ARG NEW DELRI 110002IS :3925 ( Part IO ) - 1984 , 7.2 T//lbic/iiy Less Than 43 Unifs -. Slialte the sample to disperse the solids. Wait until air bubbles LlsnrJnenr. Pour sample into turbidimeter tube and read turbidity directly from the instrument scale or from xlibrntion cun’e. 7:. .a Tu:I;‘:iity Grcatcr Than 40 Units -- In case turbidity values are greater than 40 units, dilute the s;ar,~plo wi!ll turbidity-free water to bring the values within range. Take readings of diluted sample. Compute i:,o iurbidity of the original sample from the turbidity of the diluted sample and the dilution factor. 8. C~~‘31i’L7ZiOll- Calculate the turbidity of diluted samples, using the following equation: Ax (B-:-C) Turbidity units = --- c A -.. turbidity units found in diluted sample, 6 --- volume in ml of dilution water used, and C :-: volume of sample in ml taken for dilution. 3. Report - Repcrt turbidity as follows: Turbidity Rang8 in unit Record to the Nearest O- 0‘05 I:, 0’1 l’o- 40 1 40- 100 IOO- 400 1: 400 - 1 000 50 Greater than 1 000 100 EXPLANATORY NOTE The turbidity of sample is the reduction of transparency due to the presence of particulate matter such as clay or silt, finely divided organic matter, plankton or other microscopic organisms. These cause light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample. The method is applicable to drinking, surface and saline waters in the range of turbidity O-40 NTU. Higher values may be obtained by dilution of the sample. The values are expressed in nephelometric WrLidity units (NTU). The NTU considered comparable to the previously reported Jackson Turbidity units (JTU) and Formazin Turbidity units (FTU). The standard method for the determination of turbidity is based on Jackson candle turbidimeter and the lowest turbidity values that can be measured on this instrument is 25 units. As turbidity of treated water is usually in the range of O-5 units indirect secondary methods have been used which, however, do not duplicate the results obtained on Jackson Candle Turbidimeter for all the samples. Due to fundamental differences in optical systems, results obtair,3d with different types of secondary instruments do not check closely with one another even though instruments are precalibrated against candle turbidimeter. Use of suspensions, of different types of particulate matter, for preparation of calibration curves may also cause discrepancies. Most commercial turbidimeters fcr measuring low turbidities give comparatively good indications of the intensity of light scattarcd in one particular direction predominantly at right angle to the incident light. This method supercedes clause 6 of IS : 3025-l 964 ‘Methods of sampling and test (physical and chemical) for water used in industry’. 2 Prlnted at New India PrintingP ress. Khurja. India
13182.pdf	Indian Standard WATERPROOFINGANDDAMP-PROOFING OFWBTAREASIN BUILDING- RECOMMENDATIONS UDC 699.82 @ BIS 1991 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 October 1991 Price Group 5Waterproofing and Damp-Proofing Sectional Committee, CED 41 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Waterproofing and Damp-Proofing Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Bathroom, kitchen, water closet and to a lesser extent varandah, balconies and sunshades may be I termed as wet areas of a buildings which are more vulnerable to water due to their functional require- ments. These wet areas are one of the main source of leakage and dampness in a building which leads to unhygeinic conditions affecting badly the health and comfort of the inhabitants and seriously deteriorating the stability of the building. The causes of dampness and leakage may be due to defective design, sub-standard material, improper execution and incorrect usage by the occupant. This standard is intended to provide guidance on provisions for preventing dampness and leakage arising out of the wet areas of a building under construction. Problem of leakage and dampness in building already in use require different approach in the analysis of the cause and remedial measures.Is I.3182 : 1991 Indian Standard WATERPROOFINGANDDAMP-PROOFIN% OFWETARi3ASINBUILDING- RECOMMENDATIONS 1 SCOPE 4 SOURCES OF LEAKAGE/DAMPNESS AND RECOMMENDATION FOR PREVENTION 1.1 This standard provides recommendations 4.1 General for planning, construction and installation aspect for waterproofing/damp-proofing of wet areas of Uses of sub-standard and non-standard materials a building which includes kitchen, bathroom, or workmanship is one of the major cause of water closet, verandah, balcony, chajja, shaft, leakage/dampness in buildings. Hence all. the external wall and domestic overhead tank. appliances, fixtures and materials shall conform to the relevant Indian Standards where they 2 REFERENCES exist and shall have good workmanship. 2.1 The following Indian Standards are neces- 4.2 Water Closets sary adjuncts to this standard: 4.2.1 Sources of Leakage and Dampness ( see IS No. Title Fig. 1 ) 702 : 1988 Specification for industrial bitumen a>T he joint between flushing cistern and ( second revision ) flushing pipe. 1742 : 1983 Code of practice for building drainage ( second revision ) b) Use of downtake flushing cistern pipe made of material susceptible to corrosion. 3 WET AREAS OF A BUILDING C> Junction of the flushing pipe with the WC pan. .’ 3.1 Balcony d) Junction of WC and foot rest with A horizontal projection, including a handrail’ or flooring. _ balustrade, to serve as passage or sitting out place, normally exposed to atmosphere. 4 Junction of W.C! and traps with the branch pipe. 3.2 Bath Room f) Depressed reinforced concrete slab to A bath room is a place for taking bath either accommodate the pan and trap. from a shower or with the help of bucket and mug and in some cases using a bath tub. g) Joints between flooring tiles. h) Incorrect placement of overflow pipe. 3.3 Chajja j) Floor trap junction. A sloping or horizontal structural overhang usually provided over openings on external 9 Faulty pipe joints. walls to provide protection. ml Cut out in the structure for the branch 3.4 Kitchen pipe. Kitchen is a room meant for cooking food n) Indian type WC fixed loosely. wherein provision for washing used utensils and 4.2.2 Recommendations for Prevention of Leakage raw materials required for cooking is given. and Dampness 3.5 Verandah / a> T he flush pipe shall be securely connect- ed to the cistern outlet and made air- A covered area’with at least one side open to tight by means of a coupling nut. The outside with the exception of 1 m high parapet nuts made of injection-moulded HDPE/ on the upper floors to be provided on the open PVC may be used only if the end pipe is side. also made of HDPE/PVC. 3.6 Water Closet b) Flush pipe made of tin shall not be used as it is liable to corrode. The room or compartment in which, a water- flushed plumbing fixture designed to receive cl If GI pipe is used, pipe should be comp- human excrement directly from the user of the letely protected by bitumen painting and fixture, is placed. taping where it is embedded in concrete. 1IS. 13182 : 1991 WATER PROOFING O-RING 1. Joint between flushing cistern and flushing pipe 2. Downtake flushing pipe, if embedded 3. Junction of flushing pipe with the WC pan 4. The bend of the flushing pipe which is embedded in floor 5. Floor trap junction 6. In Correct placement of overflow pipe FIG. 1 SOURCES OF LEAKAGES IN WATER CLOSETS AND FLUSHING CISTERNS 2IS I3182 : 1991 4 Flush pipe should be properly fixed to the iv) Finished floor should be sunk by 25 mm entry hole of the WC pan with the help from the adjoining floor and walls of rubber gasket or gold-size quality up to at least 30 cm shall be made putty. from an impervious material such as cement plaster ( smooth finish ), ter- e) Where squatting pan with traps are razo in-situ or tiles, glazed and ceramic provided due consideration shall be given tiles. to the following: i) Firstly, temporary laying of pipe line f) Where the bath and Indian type WC are and WC pan should be done by giving accommodated in a single toilet connect- temporary packings. The level should ed to septic tank, the slope of floor in be checked and corrected taking into bath area should be away from the WC account the final finish level of floor- to avoid drainage of soapy water. ing. The WC pan may be taken out and pipe joints filled up. After WC pan is g) Where squatting pan is fixed with rim fitted and jointed, cement concrete either in line with tile flooring below the block should be put around this joint flooring the junction of flooring tiles and and then depressed portion filled up. rim is the main point of leakage. To avoid this suitable nonshrink, bonding ii) A suitable slope should be given to the material should be used for fixing the depressed RCC floor which accommo- last tile and the joint between the floor- dates the pan ‘and trap to lead the ing and the rim of the WC ( see Fig. 3 ). water to the rear portion of WC pan. The slab should not be depressed h) As far as possible integral tread WC pan much beyond what is necessary that is should be preferred to avoid seepage from only that portion of the RCC slab the joints. Where separate footrest is which accommodates the pan and the used, the joints between tread and floor- trap should be depressed. A corrosion ing should be made leakproof by using resistant GI pipe of 25 mm dia should nonshrink waterproof mortar. be provided to drain off any water accumulated in the depressed area j) The overflow pipe from cistern be brought ( see Fig. 2 ). right up to floor level and provided with right angle bend at the outlet over floor ( see Fig. 4 ). k) In the European type WC, the WC is fixed by screws using rubber washer to the floor. Rubber gasket should be used at the joint to aviod leakage. The junc- tion between pan pedestal with flooring should be filled with cement mortar mixed with nonshrink waterproofiing compound ( see Fig. 5 ). m) The joint between the pan and trap shah be made leakproof with cement mortar 1 : 2 or 1 : 3 with nonshrink water- proofiing compound. WITH BITUMEN COAT n) As far as possible jointless floor should FIG. 2 TYPICAL SKETCH OF DEPRESSEDS LAB AND be laid, however, where flooring tiles ARRANGEMENT OF JOINTSI N WC have been used these shall be laid on bed of waterproofing mortar and care should iii) In addition to the draining of the be taken to fill the joints effectively. depressed portion, the depressed area should be made waterproof. For this, P) The cut out hole made for outlet pipe depressed portion should be plastered should effectively be sealed with water- with cement mortar 1 : 3 and a coat of proof cement mortar after the pipes are 85/25 grade bitumen conforming to fixed. IS 702 : 1988 at the rate of l-5 kg/ma should be applied over it. Alternatively 9) Joints between trap and Y junction may suitable waterproofing coating or be negotiated with long arm bend to waterproof cement plaster should be avoid joints coming in the wall ( see used. Fig. 2 ). 3._--.. . ‘. IS':131:82 25 41 INNER AND OUTER EDGE OF WC PAiJ JOINT FILLED WiTH CEMENT MORTAR MIXED PLAN WITH NON SHRINK BONDING MATERIAL7 SECTION “7 f* LAST TILE TO CUT TO SHAPE AND FIXED WITH CEMENT MORTAR MIXED WITH WATER PROOFING COMPOUND SECTION (AlTERNATE) FIG. 3 FIXING OF INDIAN TYPE WATER CLOSBTS FIG. 4 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTSO F OVERFLOW PIPE FROM CISTBRN CEMENT MORTAR MIXED WITH PROOF NON-SHRINK RUBBER GASKET WATER PROOFING F LOORlFjG FIG. 5 FIXING OF EUROPBANT YPE WATER CLOSETS 4IS 13182 : 1992~ 4.3 Bath Room f) Floor traps ( see 4.6 ). 4.3.1 Sources of Leakage and Dampness g) Floor level washing place. 4 Junction of water pipe and floor/wall, 4.4.2 Recommendations for Prevention of Leakage b) Floor and wall where shower splashes and Dampness water, a) Sink used should conform to the relevant c>J unction of door frame and floor on Indian Standard for its quality. The account of eventual rotting of door frame, draining board used with the sink should d) Wash basin, be placed in such a way that water which . e> is being drained does not find the way Concealed piping and fitting, towards the wall and it should overlap f 1 Improper slope, the side of the sink ( see Fig. 6 ). g) Joints between flooring tiles, ‘4 Area surrounding the sink should be h) Cut out in the structure for the branch made waterproof by using impervious pipe, and material such as in-situ terrazo flooring j) Floor trap junction ( see 4.6 ). mossaic tiles and glazed ceramic tiles. 4.3.2 Recommendation for Prevention of Leakage Cl Joints betweeen sink and draining pipe should be leakproof. snd Dampness a> T he floor of every bath room shall be d) Waste pipe from the sink must discharge constructed of material which does not effectively into the floor trap. Preferably readily absorbs moisture and entire floor a cleanout junction should be used to should be sunk by 25 mm from the adjoin- facilitate periodical rodding. ing floor. Surface of the wall and floor 4 Kitchen slabs made of stone or precast should be made of impervious material. cement concrete slabs are normally fixed The floor should be sloped away from the by inserting into the wall by making a door ( entrance ) towards the outlets, a chase and becomes source of seepage. To minimum slope of 1 in 60 is recom- avoid seepage a skirting should be mended. provided at the junction point. b) Bath room floors and walls to a height of atleast 1 m from the finished floor and in Kitchen floor should preferably be joint- case shower is provided 2 m from finished less or with waterproofed fine joints floor shall be made of impervious material where joints are unavoidable. such as waterproof cement plaster Proper ventilation should be provided ‘in (smooth tinish) terrazo in-situ tile, glazed the kitchen to avoid condensation. For tiles. this exhaust fan may be fixed on the wall 4 In case of concealed pipes, before exposed to atmosphere. plastering the joints and connection shall be tested according to IS 1742 : h) Where floor level sink is provided, the entire floor of the washing place should 1983. be sunk by 25 mm for the surrounding 4 For cut out procedure explained floor and should be treated as explained in 4.2.2 (q) should be followed. in 4.2.2(e) ( iii ). e) As far as possible jointless floor should be laid, however, where flooring tiles have 0 A slope not less than 1 in 100 should be been used these shall laid on bed of provided to the washing floor towards the waterproof mortar and care should be drainage points with a floor trap. taken to fill the joints effectively. 4.5 Open Verandah, Balconies and Chuija 4.4 Kitchen 4.5.1 Sources of Leakage and Dampness 4.4.1 Sources of Leakage and Dampness a) Inadequate protection from rain water. a) ;yrrFdof sink and placement of draining b) Improper slope and level. . 4 Improper and inadequate opening for b) Area surrounding $he sink. draining off wat.er. c) Joints between the sink and draining pipe. 4 Non-provision or improper dripcourse or throting. d) Junction joint between kitchen platform and the wall. e) Improper practices of raising flower bed and potted plants. e) Improper ventilation leading to conden- sation. f) Junction of chajja aud wall.IS 13182: 1991 EOGING OF ORAINING BOARD SHALL BE IN ONE PIECE AN0 PROJECTED AS SHOWN FIG. 6 TYPICAL ARRANGEMENTO F PLACEMENTO F DRAINING BOARD 4.52 Recommendations for Waterproojing and provided at the floor level to drain off the- Damp-Proojing water. a) Drops and parapet should be provided to d) Proper dripcourse/throting should be protect open verandah and balconies provided to throw of the water effec- from rain. tively. b) Open verandah and balconies should have e) Floor of open verandah should be shunk a slope of 1 in 100 to drain off the water by 25 mm and made from impervious effectively. material. c) Where open verandah or balconies are f ) Fillet should be provided at the junction provided with solid parapet wall spouts point of wall and chajja as shown in. of adequate dia and length should be Fig. 7. 6IS 13182 : 1991’ b) Installation where one or more pipes EXTERNAL PLASTER empty into the floor trap and either /EXTENDED IN DRIP MOULD some pipe do not come up to the trap or SHAPE TO COVER JOINT the pipe overshoot the floor trap. BETWEEN CHAJJA AND c) Improper location of floor traps, fittings BRICK MASONARV WALL and slope in floor. d) Faulty jointing of the trap with drain pipes ( see Fig. 8 ). ROUNDING OF THE e) Floor traps loosely tied. JUNCTION OF CHAJJA 4.6.2 Recommendations for Prevention of Leakage/ Dampness Through Water Traps 4.6.2.1 Installation a> When floor trap is almost at the floor L CHA JJA level, whenever a great amount of water is suddenly spilt, a pool of water is creat- ed around the trap which may cause dampness. To prevent this a well defined waterproof depression should be cons- turcted around the trap. Waterproofing of the depressed area should be done as explained in 4.2.2 (e) ( iii ). b) The depression in the RCC slab for fixing of floor traps in kitchen and bath should FIG. 7 FILLET ATTHE JUNCTION POINT OF be adequate. WALL AND CHAJJA c) When tran is located deen into the floor space, additional piece Gf pipe shall be provided to avoid any gap between floor -4.6 Floor Traps level and the top of the trap. For this a Sanitary appliances differ from each other in galvanized or MS pipe which is custom the case of water closet, bath room and built and which can be lead caulked kitchen. However, floor trap is a common fit- properly with trap should be used ( see ment to all. Improper design and installation Fig. 8 ). of floor traps causes dampness and leakage in 4 For making the joints of the cast iron the building. For avoiding the dampness the pipes and traps proper, a measuring mug trap should fulfil the following requirements: made from galvanized sheet having cana- a>It shall pass the used water freely without city to havethe quantity of lead asper ihe specification, shall be used. The quantity mechanical aid. of molten lead to be used shall be marked b) It shall prevent passage of foul air. in the mug. Mug shall be filled with c>It shall be strong and proof against all molten lead up to the mark and all the leakage of gas or liquid. lead shall be poured in the joint with the help of a iron spoon. 4 It shall be self cleansing. e) Smoke test/air test may be carried out e) It shall have no mechanical moving part. before covering the joints from the tap f > It shall have no recesses, cavities and to the stack. pockets. 4.1 Pipe Work for Building 8) It shall have smooth surface without any internal projections. 4.1.1 Recommendations for Installation of Soil and Waste pipes in a Building to Avoid Dampness/ 9 It shall be capable of maintainnig water Leakage seal under all condition of flow. a) Pipe work and appliance should be so ‘4.6.1 Defective Installation arranged as to allow, close grouping of connections preferably with closet near Following are the installation defects: the main soil pipe. a) Installation where the trap is sealed deep b) All joints in pipe work and of pipe work from the floor level and there is gap bet- to appliances should be done according ween the floor level where the juli grating to IS 1742 : 1983. Care should be taken to of the floor trap is kept and main body ensure that no jointing material project of the floor trap. inside the bore of the pipe. 7Correct type of floor trap In-correct type of floor trap-purtition type. This is not self-cleansing and has projection where it can get clogged. When a waste pipe discharges into the floor trap below floor level the junction is made of cement, concrete. Point ‘A’ below the pipe is vulnerable as a leakage point due to improper compaction of concrete below pipe. 4. More often the waste pipe is not cut to the ex&t size it may be short as in Fig. 3 or over-‘.&jot the edge as in Fig. 4 which again causes flooding of water and water may find its way into the floor fill- ing below. 5. The correct method of making this joint is to have a G. I. or M. S. custom built ‘T’ junction with lead caulked joints. FIG. 8 FLOOR TRAPS cl Ample provision should be made for Under the tank on account of usage of- access to all pipe work. The embedding scour valve. or joints in walls should be avoided as far c) Overflow from the tank. as possible. d) Vegetation around the tank. d) Soil and wastepipe shall be kept clear of e) Leakages through the pipelines due to the wall to avoid dampness in the wall disturbance on account of traffic. in case of leakage. Fixed screw type f> Junction of terracing with tank support grating should be preferred. coloumns. 4 In case of soilpipe, fitment with inspec- 4.8.2 Recommendations for Prevention of Lehkages tion door should be provided at suitable location. Bolts of the inspection door of and Dampness the fitments in the pipeline should be of a) The junction between tank wall and vari- non-rusting material. ous pipelines outlet and inlet fittings have to be made with proper rubber/ 4.8 Water Tank nylon washers to ensure wafer tightness. While draining the tank water may seep 48.1 Sources of Leakages b) into the terrace. The area of the terrace a) At the junction of the tank wall and the under the tank being in the shade, does various pipe fittings in the wall. not get dried quickly. The terrace -below. 8W” -_ IS 13182 : 1991 the tank, therefore, should be given b> In case of water supply and sanitary double treatment for waterproofing. piping, in course of time, some deficiencies Clearance between the terrace level and in the maintenance may lead to pipe tank should be atleast one metre to facili- leakage. If the pipes are placed on the tate repairs, if any. The scour pipeline wall, the leaked water will create damp- should be led to suitable outlet to avoid ness on the wall. In the case of sanitary damage to terracing due to flow of water. piping it should be separated by 100 mm The pipe line should be capable of being from the wall surface and the water cleared during maintenance. supply line should be separated by 40 mm 4 Overflow from the overhead tank should from the surface. not fall freely on the terrace damaging 4 The pipes either cast iron or asbestos are the waterproofing treatment. Overflow rigid compared with building. With the should be led to a rain water pipe or any seasonal variation of temperature, build- other outlet and should end in a mos- ings will have horizontal and vertical quito proof coupling. displacement. The pipe connections to 4 Under the overhead tank vegetation like the wall should be capable of absorbing peepal, lichen, moss, etc, can grow damag- these changes in the sanitary shaft ing continuity of waterproofing layer in the vertical and horizontal directions. thus providing direct access to the water Use of flexible materials like lead for to the building fabric. Special care has to jointing allows certain amount of play be taken to avoid nooks and corners whereas the cement joint will not allow where moisture would encourage speedy the same. Embedding of pipes on the shaft growth of vegetation. Frequent inspec- walls or any other building portion increa- tions are necessary to remove vegetation. ses the problems of such changes due to seasonal variations and special care has e) On the terrace long horizontal lengths to be taken to allow for the freedom of df piping are laid from the overhead tank movement while designing the pipe sys- to the shaft wherever water pipelines are tem along with shaft. taken down. These pipelines should be pla.ced on proper pillars. The persons 4 Sanitary shaft should be so designed that working on the terrace have a tendency condensation of water does not take to step on these pipelines, thus damaging place. the joints through which water leakages can take place. In addition, wherever 4.10 External Wall these long lengths of pipelines have reverse level air ‘lock can take place, 4.10.1 Reasons and Sources for Dampness therefore, such situation should be avoided. a) Use of non-waterproof cladding. f ) The tank supports which may be of b:ick b) Nooks and corners which collect water. masonry, RCC and steel should have c) Projections like sun shades, balconies, proper flushing with terracing. porches. d) Projections from walls which create suc- 4.9 Sanitary Shaft tion areas around the building thereby encouraging larger amount of rain to 4.9.1 Sources of Leakages and Dampness settle on the wall surface. a) Rain, e) Vegetation including moss and lichen. b) Leakage from both water and sanitary f) Bands. pipelines, 4.10.2 Recommendations for Prevention 9 f c) Rigidity of piping with respect to the Dampness building, and d) Dampness due to bad ventilation. a) Non-waterproof cladding is not to be allowed such as stone tiles with open 4.9.2 Recommendations for Prevent ion of joints. Extremely rough surface which Leakages/Dampness would allow water to stagnate should be avoided, a) The sanitary shaft should end on the terrace with a proper cowl or louvred b) The external walls in conjunction with end in order that the rain does not get horizontal tills should not give rise to deflected into sanitary shaft due to any places where water can collect. All such wind flowing and at the same time, the areas should be drained properly either ventilation of sanitary shaft is not by providing heavy slope and/or by proper affected. waterproofing material. 9.IS 13182: 1991 c) Projections like chajjas, balconies and e) Vegetation like moss, lichen, decorative porches, should be so constructed, that climbers, creepers which cause dampness they do not retain water (by edges on in the wall should be periodically the end, thus, forming a tank ). removed. d) Projections from the external wall should be properly designed to avoid the wall f) Bands should be properly sloped other- affect if the wind pattern around the wise they help water to settle on the top buildings which in some cases give rise to of the surface causing dampness on the heavy suction areas. external walls. 10Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. 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9381.pdf	IS : 9381- 1979 Indian Standard METHODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS MATERIALS: DETERMINATION OF FRAASS BREAKING POINT OF BITUMEN Bitumen and Tar Products Sectional committee, BCDC 2 Chairman Represenfing Pnox C. G. SWAMINATHAN Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi; and Indian Road Congress, New Delhi Members DR ARUN KTJMAR ( Alternate to Central Road Research Institute (CSIR ), Prof C. G. Swaminathan ) New Delhi SHRI N. SIVA~URU ( Alternate to Indian Road Congress, New Delhi Prof C. G. Swaminathan ) PROF G. M. ANDAVAN Highways and Rural Works Department, Govcrn- ment of Tamil Nadu, Madras DR K. P. BUTCH Ministry of Defence ( R & D ) LT-CDR R. K. BHATIA ( Alternate ) SI~RI N. C. CHATTERJEE National Test House, Calcutta CUEMIST & METALLURGIST Ministry of Railways ( RDSO ) ASSISTANT CHEMIST & METALI.URGIST ( Alfernatc ) SHRI M. R. Grrosn Ministry of Defence ( DGI ) SHRI H. L. GUPTA ( Alternate ) SHRI G. C. GOSWAMI Assam Oil Co Ltd, Digboi SHRI ISWAR CHANDRA ( Alternate ) SIIRI A. Y. GUPTE Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd ( Marketing Division ), Bombay SHRI V. V. VENGIKAR ( Alternate ) SARI HIMMAT SINGH Indian Institute of Petroleum ( CSIR ), Dehra Dun SHRI J. S. BAHL ( Alternate ) Snrc~ M. B. JAYAWANT Synthetic Asphalts, Bombay BRIQ H. K. KAPOOR Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI J. K. C~ARAN ( Alternate ) SHRI T. S. .KRISENAMURTHI Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( Refinery Division ), Bombay SHRI C. V. RAMAMIJKTIII( Alternate ) ( Continued ORp age 2 ) @ Copyright 1980 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS t 9381 - 1979 ( Conlinuadfrom pngc 1 ) Members Representing &IRIS. B. KULKARNI Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( Marketing Division ), Bombay SHRI M. R. MALYA In personal capacity ( C/O Gammon India Ltd, Gam- mon House, Veer Savarkor Marg, P. B. No. 9129, Prabhadtwi, Bombay 400025 ) SHRI C. V. RAMASWA~Y Hindustan Petroleum Corporation ( Refinery Divi- sion ). Bombay SHRI V. KUMAR ( Alternate ) DR A. V. R. RAO National Buildings Organization DR R. S. RATRA ( A~ternatc ) REPRESENTATIVE Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd ( harketing Division ), Bombay SEIRI R. R. BANDRE ( Alternate ) SHRI T. K. ROY Shalimar Tar Products ( 1935 ) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI C. H. SAHEBA Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd ( Refinery Division ), Bombay SHRI R. S. KRISHNAMOEAN ( Alternate ) .%a~ D. K. SEN Central Fuel Research Institute ( CSIR ), Dhanbad SHRI ABUN KANTI CHOUDHURY ( Alternate ) SHBI N. SIVA~URU Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport ) SHRI R. P. SIKKA ( Alternate ) SERI S. SUBBIAH Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals SHRI S. P. GUPTA ( ANemote ) SERI D. AJITHA SIXHA, Director General, ISI ( Ex-olgicio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI J. R. MEHTA Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Methods of Testing Tar and Bitumen Subcommittee, BCDC 2 : 2 Convener PROF C. G. SWAMINATHAN Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi Members DR ARUN KUMAR ( Aftcrnatc to Prof C. G. Swaminathan ) PROJ G. M. ANDAVAN Highways & Rural Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras SHRI J. S. BAHL Indian Institute of Petroleum ( CSIR ), Dehra Dun SRRI J. M. NAQPAL ( Alternats ) SHRI M. GOPALA KRISHNA National Test House, Calcutta SHRI G. C. GOSWAMI Assam Oil Co Ltd, Digboi SHRI ISWAR CHA~DRA ( Alternate ) SHRI M. B. JAYAWANT Synthetic Asphalts Ltd, Bombay SHRI B. B. L. KAPOOB Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd ( Refinery Division ), Bombay SHRI C. H. SAEEBA ( Altemotr ) ( Continued on page 9 ) 21!3:9381-1979 Indian Standard METHODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS MATERIALS: DETERMINATION OF FRAASS BREAKING POINT OF BITUMEN 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 20 December 1979, after the draft finalized by the Bitumen and Tar Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council and Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council. 0.2 A compilation of methods of test for testing tar and bituminous materials for their various characteristics has already been prepared ( see IS : 1201-1978 to IS : 1220-1978* ). However, it has now been felt necessary to establish a method of test to determine the behaviour of bituminous materials under low temperatures and to find out whether these products would stand the low temperature or not. Accordingly, this standard has been prepared to cover the method of test for the determination of FRAASS breaking point of solid and semi-solid bitumens. 0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of this standard has taken into consideration the views of producers, consumers and technologists and has related the standard to the manufacturing and trade practices followed in the country in this field. Due weightage has also been given to the need for international co-ordination among standards prevailing in different countries of the world. These considera- tions have led the Sectional Committee to derive assistance from the publications of Institute of Petroleum, United Kingdom. 0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-19601_. Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials (first revision ). TRules for rounding off numerical values ( rsviscd ). 3IS : 9381 - 1979 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the method of test for the determination of FRAASS breaking point of solid and semi-solid bitumens. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions and those given in IS : 334-1965 shall apply. 2.1 FRAASS Breaking Point - It is the temperature at which bitumen first becomes brittle as indicated by the appearance of cracks when a thin film of the bitumen on a metal plaque is cooled and flexed in accordance with the specified condition. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Bending Apparatus - It consists of two concentric tubes (A) of insulating materials: such as Pyrex glass or porcelain, at the lower end of which steel clips or jaws (Bj are tightly fixed. The part of the inner tube which lies between the IWO clips is slotted so that the bulb af the thermometer, which firs into ihe inner tube, is exposed. I3y rotating a handle (C) which operates a cone-and-peg mechanism the inner tube may be moved up and down relative to the outer tube, thereby va.rying the distance between the clips. Ten to twelvr rotations of the handle shall decrease the distance between the clips by 3’5 & 0.2 mm from maximum of 39.9 f 1 mm ( see Fig. 1 ). 3.2 Plague - It is made of springy steel 41 f 0’05 mm long, 20 & 0.2 mm wide and 0.15 & 0.02 mm thick. The plaque shall be kept Bat when not in use. 3.3 Cooling Appas-atus - It ci,nsists of a wide test-tube !E) held eccentrically in a second wider test tube (G) by means of a rubber bung which also holds a small funnel [H). The larger test-tube is, in turn, held by a large rllbber or cork bung in an outer cylinder (K;. The test- tube (E) and the cylinder (K) contain a small quantity of calcium chloride or anhydrone. The bending apparatus is supported in (E) by means of a rubber bung (0’). The wider test-tube (Gj and the outer cylinder (K) may be replaced by an unsilvered vacuum flask of suitable dimensions ( see Fig. 1 ). *Glossary of terms relating to bitumen and tar ( revi&). 4IS : 9381 - 1979 INNER TUBE 7.5 ID 11.5 OD OUTER TUBE BENDING APPARATUS (All dimensions in millimetrep) ASSE#BLY APPAf?ATlJS A- CONCENTRIC TUBE F-RUBBER BUNG B- STEEL CLIPS OR JAWS G-WIDER TEST-TUBE C - ROTATING HANDLE H -FUNNEL D - RUBBER BUNG K-CYLINDER E - WIDE VEST-TUBE FIG. 1 APPARATUSF OR FRAASS BREAKING POINT TEST 5IS :9381- 1979 3.4 Thermometer - A thermometer graduated in Celsius degrees and conforming to the following requirements shall be used: Characteristic Requirement Range - 38°C to + 30°C Graduation 0.5°C Immersion 250 mm Overall length 370 f 10 mm Stem diameter 6’0 to 7-O mm Bulb shape Cylindrical Bulb length 10 to 16 mm Bulb diameter Not greater than stem Distance of bottom of bulb Not less than 60 mm to the lowest graduation Longer graduation line at 1°C and 5°C each Scale error not to exceed f 0.5”C 3.5 Plate and Stand - It consists of a metal heating plate approxi- mately 5 mm thick with an iron baffle plate, 1 to 2 mm thick, at a distance of about 50 mm below its upper surface. The plates which are of suitable shape and size, are supported on a stand equipped with levelling screws. 4. PROCEDURE 4.1 Preparation of Test Sample - Soften the material to the pouring consistency at a temperature not more than 60°C for tars and pitches and not more than 90°C for bituminous materials above the respective approximate softening point and stir it thoroughly until it is homogeneous and is free from air bubbles and water. Prepare the convenient number of plaques as given in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. 4.1.1 For Materials of Softening Point Below 70°C - Place an amount of the sample corresponding to 0’40 + 0.01 ml in the unheated liquid or solid state on a clean tared plaques. For normal bitumens of specific gravity l-03 & 0.4 at 27”C, a weight of O-4 f 0’01 g may be used. Place the plaque on heating plate and heat the baffle plate continuously until the bitumen just flows. Manipulate the plaque by hand, replacing on the heating plate, if necessary, until the plaque is uniformly coated. Obtain the final smooth film by replacing the plaque on the heating plate for a short time. Reweigh the plaque when it has cooled. 6IS : 9381 - 1979 4.1.2 For Materials of Softening Point Above iO”C - Place an amount of the sample corresponding to 0.40 & 0.01 ml in the unheated state on a clean tared plaque. The amount of bitumen shall be the same as given in 4.1.1. Place the plaque on the heating plate until the bitumen is soft enough to mould yet not soft enough to stick to the fingers. A rough uneven film is obtained by moulding the bitumen, reheating, if necessary. Obtain the final smooth film by replacing the plaque on the heating plate for a short time. Reweigh the plaque when it has cooled. For conveniently conducting the test and to make measuring of bitumen more accurate, the prescribed quality of bitumen for each test may either be weighed directly on the steel strip or extruded from a small press shown in Fig. 2. The mould of the press is cylindrical in form, measuring 20 mm in diameter by 20 mm in height, having a slit in the bottom 20 mm long by 0’5 mm wide through which is extruded a 04-ml strip of standard dimension. 4.1.3 If necessary, remove bubbles from the surface of the film by shock cooling the heated bitumen and subsequent reheating. The sudden cooling can conveniently be achieved by pressing the heated plaque on the powdered solid carbon dioxide. Protect the plaque from dust and allow it to stand for one to four hours before testing. 4.2 Fill the annular space between wide test-tube (E) and eccentric test- tube (G) to about half its height with acetone. Place the plaque between the clips of the bending apparatus, bending the plaque gently to do so, and mount the bending apparatus in the wide test-tube (E). Add solid carbon dioxide through the funnel to the acetone at such a rate that the temperature falls at a rate of 1°C per minute. Commencing at a temperature of at least 10°C above the expected breaking point, bend the plaque once every minute by turning the handle at a rate of one rev/set until it is checked and then turning it backwards at the same speed. Record the temperature at which one or more cracks appear on bending as the breaking point. 5. REPORTING 5.1 Calculate the mean of three determinations which lie between a range of 3”C, and report it to the nearest 1°C as the breaking point. 6. PRECISION 6.1 The results of duplicate tests shall not differ by more than the following: L Repeatability Reproducibility 2°C Not established 7IS : 9381.1979 SLIT 20mm x 0.5mm T PRESS FIG. 2 MOULD OF FRAASS BREAKINGP OINT APPARATUS 7. PRECAUTIONS 7.1 Rate of cooling should be strictly adhered to. 7.2 The apparatus should be protected from draught of air. 8IS : 9381,. 1979 (Continue dfrom page 2 ) Members Representing BRIGH . K. K.\POOII. Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI B. S. MANDALIKA ( Alternate ) SFIRI S. 13. KULRARNI Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( Marketing Division ), Bombay SHRI M. R. MA~YA In personal capacity ( C/o Gammon India Ltd, Gammon Howe, Verr Sauarkor Mug, P. B. No. 9129, Prabhadrvi, Bombay 400025 ) SERI P. BRASRARA MENON Madras Refineries Ltd, Madras SHI~I N. RANQANATHAN ( Alternate ) SHRI K. P. NAIR Indian Oil Corporation Ltd ( R & D Centre ), Faridabad SARI C. V. RAMAFIWA~Y Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd ( Refinery Division ), Bombay SHRJ A. Y. GUPTE ( Alternate ) SHRI T. K. ROY Shalimar Tar Products ( 1975 ) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI N. SI~AGUIZU Roads Wing ( Ministry of Shipping and Transport ) Sam I<. P. SII(KA ( Alternate ) 9INDIAN STANDARDS ON BITUMEN AND TAR PRODUCTS IS: 73.1961 Paving bitumen ( revised ) 212-1961 Crude coal tar for general use ( rcvisrd) 215-1961 Road tar ( revised ) 216-1961 Coal tar pitch ( rsvisrd ) 217-1961 Cutback bitumen ( revised ) 218-1961 Creosote and anthracene oil for use as wood preservatives ( rrvircd) 334-1965 Glossary of terms relating to bitumen and tar ( rcvired) 454-1961 Digboi type cutback bitumen ( revised ) 702-1961 Industrial bitumen ( wised ) 1201-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Sampling (first rcvi&n) 1202-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of specifi gravity (Jirsl revision ) 1203-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of penetration (Jirst revi,ion ) 1204-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of residue of specified penetration 1205.1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of softening point (Jirst wvision )_ 1206 ( Part I )-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of viscosity Part I - Industrial viscosity (first revision ) 1206 ( Part II )-I978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of viscosity Part II - Absolute viscosity !,first revision ) 1206 ( Part III )-1978 Methods for testing tar and bttuminous materials: Determination of viscositv Part III - Kinematic viscositv ( first revision ) 1207-1978 -&Iethods for testing tar and bituminous material;: Determination of equiviscous Temperature ( EVT ) (jrsr rcoision ) 1208-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of ductility (Jirsr revision ) 1209-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of flash point and fire point (Jfirst rsoision ) 1210-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Float test (Jirsr rcrision) 1211-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of water content ( Dean and stark method ) (jrst revision ) 1212-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of loss on heating 1213-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Distillation test (frrsr rslrision ) 1214-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of matter insoluble in benzene (jrst revision ) 1215-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of matter insoluble in toluene 1216-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of solubj. lity in carbon disulphide or tri-chlorocthylene (Jirst revision ) 1217-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of mineral matter ( ash ) ( /Tut revision ) 1218.1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of Phenols (Jf~t revision ) 1219-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of naphthalene (first reuision ) 1220-1978 Methods for testing tar and bituminous materials: Determination of volatile matter content 3117-1965 Bitumen emulsion for roads ( anionic type ) 8887-1978 Bitumen emulsion for roads ( cationic type )AMENDMENT NO. 1 JUNE 2000 TO IS 9381 : 1979 METIIODS FOR TESTING TAR AND BITUMINOUS MATERIALS: DETERMINATION OF FRAASS BR-EA-KING POINT OF BITUMEN (Page 4, ckwse 1.1 ) - Insert the fokwing note after clause 1.1: ‘NOTE - Any other instrumental method simulating [he manual method may be employed. Ilowever, this method shall be the referee method.’ (F’CD6) Reprography Unit, I%, New Delhi, India
14862.pdf	IS 14862 : 2000 Edition 1.2 (2003-06) Indian Standard FIBRE CEMENT FLAT SHEETS — SPECIFICATION (Incorporating Amendment Nos. 1 & 2) ICS 91.100.40 ©BIS2002 B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Price Group 7Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee, CED 53 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. This standard has been formulated to fulfill the need for a specification for non-asbestos fibre cement flat sheets. In the formulation of this standard, due weightage has also been given to the international coordination among the standards and practices in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. For this, assistance has been derived from the following: ISO 8336:1993 Fibre-cement flat sheets. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 390 :1993 Products in fibre-reinforced cement — Sampling and inspection. International Organization for Standardization. The composition of the technical committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex K. This edition 1.2 incorporates Amendment No. 1 (May 2002) and Amendment No. 2 (June 2003). Side bar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of the amendments. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is compiled with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)’. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 14862 : 2000 Indian Standard FIBRE CEMENT FLAT SHEETS — SPECIFICATION 1 SCOPE cement (fly ash based) conforming to IS1489(Part 1) or Portland Pozzolana cement 1.1This standard covers the characteristics (calcined clay based) conforming to and establishes methods of control and test as IS1489(Part 2) or rapid hardening Portland well as acceptance conditions for fibre cement cement conforming to IS 8041 or Portland slag flat sheets. cement conforming to IS 455. Fly ash used shall It covers sheets intended for external be conforming to IS 3812. Process aids, fillers applications such as cladding facades, curtain and pigments which are compatible with fibre walls, soffits, etc, and sheets intended for reinforced cement may be added. internal use such as partitions, floors, ceilings, NOTE — In case of Portland pozzolana cement and etc, with a wide range of properties appropriate Portland slag cement, addition of pozzolanic materials to the type of application. These sheets may and slag shall not be permitted. have either a smooth or textured surface. 4 CLASSIFICATION 1.2This standard does not apply to the following products, most of which are covered 4.1Flat sheets covered by this standard shall under separate standards: be of two types, namely, Type A and Type B. a)Asbestos cement flat sheets; a)Type A b)Asbestos cement building boards; Type A sheets are intended for external c)Gypsum plaster board; applications where they may be subjected d)Boards of cement reinforced with fibrous to the direct action of sun, rain and/or wood particles; snow. They may be supplied coated or e)Fibre cement slates and siding shingles; uncoated. Type A sheets shall comply with the requirements of the type f)Silica-asbestos-cement flat sheets; and characteristics given in 6. g)Non-combustible fibre-reinforced boards b)Type B of calcium silicate or cement for insulation and fire protection. Type B sheets are not subjected to the type tests and are intended for internal 2 REFERENCES applications and external applications The Indian Standards listed in Annex A where they will not be subjected to the contain provisions which, through reference in direct action of sun, rain and/or snow. this text, constitute provisions of this standard. NOTE — If sheets of Type B are used in external At the time of publication, the editions applications where they are directly exposed to the indicated were valid. All standards are subject weather but are protected (for example, coating or to revision, and parties to agreements based on impregnation), the weather resistance of the product is this standard are encouraged to investigate the determined by the quality of the protection. possibility of applying the most recent editions Specification of this protection and methods for control of the standards indicated in Annex A. and test are outside the scope of this standard. 4.2The sheets are further classified into five 3 GENERAL COMPOSITION categories according to their modulus of Fibre cement flat sheets consist essentially of rupture as given in Table 1. an inorganic hydraulic binder (see Note) or a 4.3The manufacturer shall declare the type calcium silicate binder formed by the chemical and category of his product in his literature. reaction of a siliceous material (includes ground silica, pulverized fuel ash and 5 ACCEPTANCE CHARACTERISTICS amorphous silica) and a calcareous material reinforced by organic fibres and/ or inorganic 5.1 Dimensional and Geometrical synthetic fibres. The inorganic hydraulic binder Characteristics shall be either 33 grade ordinary Portland 5.1.1 Nominal Length and Width cement conforming to IS 269 or 43 grade ordinary Portland cement conforming to Flat fibre cement sheets shall be available in IS8112 or 53 grade ordinary Portland cement nominal lengths up to 3000mm and nominal conforming to IS 12269 or Portland Pozzolana widths up to 1220mm. Sheets of greater 1IS 14862 : 2000 nominal lengths and widths may be supplied as finished) product. When sampling is to be done agreed between the manufacturer and the from continuous production, testing of the base supplier. The length and width shall be sheet prior to coating is acceptable when it can measured in accordance with the method given be shown that there is a correlation between in Annex B. the results of tests on sheets with and without coating. NOTE — The nominal dimensions (width and length) may be increased by 20 to 30mm (oversize sheets) for 5.2.1 Bending Strength application where the sheet is required to be cut by the user. When tested in accordance with the method 5.1.2 Thickness given in Annex C, the minimum modulus of Flat fibre cement sheets shall be of thickness rupture of the sheets, expressed in MPa, shall from 3 to 30mm, the thickness shall be be as specified in Table 1. The modulus of measured in accordance with the method given rupture shall be the average of the values in Annex B. obtained from testing the samples in both NOTE—Thickness other than specified in 5.1.2 may be directions. supplied by mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. Table 1 Minimum Modulus of Rupture 5.1.3 Tolerances on Dimensions (Clauses 4.2, 5.2.1 and 6.1) Tolerances on nominal dimensions shall be as Category Modulus of Rupture, Min (MPa) follows: a)On length and width (indicated by d) Type A Sheet Type B Sheet (1) (2) (3) d ≤ 1000mm:±5mm 1 — 4 1000mm < d ≤ 1600mm:±0.5 percent 2 — 7 d>1600mm:±8mm 3 7 10 These tolerances do not apply to oversize 4 13 16 sheets. 5 18 22 b)On thickness, e: Type A sheet strengths shall only be specified e≤6mm:±0.6mm in the wet condition and the specimens shall be tested in the wet condition. e>6mm:±10percent For sheets without texture on the exposed Type B sheet strengths shall only be specified face, the maximum difference between in the equilibrium condition and the specimens extreme values of the thickness shall be tested in the equilibrium condition. measurements within one sheet shall not When sampling is to be done from continuous exceed 15 percent of the maximum production, these sheets may be tested on dry measured value. or saturated specimens, provided a relationship can be established between the equilibrium NOTE — Tighter tolerances may be adopted by values and the dry or saturated values. agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. NOTE — If the manufacturer includes product 5.1.4 Tolerances on Shape strengths in his literature, it should be clearly stated whether they are mean or minimum values. 5.1.4.1 Straightness of edges 5.2.2 Apparent Density The tolerance on the straightness of edges shall The manufacturer shall specify in his literature be 3mm/m for the relevant dimension (length the minimum apparent density for each or width) when measured in accordance with category of sheet when tested in accordance the method given in Annex B. with the method given in Annex C; the density 5.1.4.2 Squareness of edges shall be not less than this value. The tolerance on the squareness of sheets shall 5.2.3Any additional characteristics, which the be 4mm/m when measured in accordance with manufacturer desires to specify, may be the method given in Annex B. mutually agreed between the manufacturer NOTE — Tighter tolerances may be adopted by and the purchaser, including their method of agreement between the manufacturer and the testing and the requirements. purchaser. 5.2 Mechanical and Physical 6 TYPE CHARACTERISTICS Characteristics This clause applies to Type A sheets only. Where the product is supplied coated, the These tests shall be carried out on products as following mechanical and physical delivered. Where the tests are carried out on specifications shall apply to the coated (that is coated sheets, this shall be stated in the report. 2               IS 14862 : 2000 6.1 Bending Strength 7.2 Type Tests When tested in accordance with the method A type test is concerned with the approval of a new given in Annex D, in equilibrium and wet product and/or a fundamental change in conditions, the average modulus of rupture of formulation and/or method of manufacture, the each individual piece of the finished products effects of which cannot be predicted on the basis shall not be less than the values for the of former experience. The tests shall be performed appropriate category specified in Table 1. In on the as-delivered product. The test is required addition, the mean modulus of rupture under to demonstrate conformity of a generic product to wet conditions shall be not less than 50 percent a specification but is not required for each of the mean modulus of rupture under production batch. When type tests are carried out, equilibrium conditions. the product shall also be subjected to the acceptance tests to ensure that it complies with 6.2 Water Impermeability the requirements of this standard. When tested in accordance with the method The following type tests shall be carried out: given in Annex E, traces of moisture may appear a)Bending strength (see Annex D), on the underside of the sheet, but in no instance shall there be formation of drops of water. b)Water impermeability (see Annex E), c)Freeze-thaw (see Annex F), 6.3 Frost Resistance d)Warm water (see Annex G), For sheets for frost resistant applications, the e)Soak-dry (see Annex H), and sheets when tested in accordance with the method given in Annex F, after 50 freeze-thaw f)Heat-rain test (see Annex J). cycles, the limit L i of the average ratio r shall Warm water, Freeze-Thaw and heat-rain test not be less than 0.75. are optional tests as per the requirement of the 6.4 Warm Water purchaser. When sheets are tested in accordance with the 8 SAMPLING AND ACCEPTANCE method given in Annex G, the limit L of the CRITERIA i average ratio r shall be greater than 0.75. 8.1 Scale of Sampling 6.5 Soak-Dry 8.1.1 Lot When sheets are tested in accordance with the In any consignment all the sheets of the same method given in Annex H, the limit L i of the type and category, of the same thickness and average ratio r shall be greater than 0.75. manufactured under similar conditions of 6.6 Heat-Rain production (that is manufactured from the same formulation on the same forming machine This test shall be carried out on the finished without prolonged or abnormal interruptions product. When sheets are tested in accordance and having the same acceptance requirement with the method given in Annex J, any visible for relevant test) shall be grouped together to cracks, delamination or other defects in the constitute a lot. sheets shall not be of a degree such as to affect 8.1.2The number of sheets to be selected at their performance in use. random from the lot shall be in accordance with Table 2. 7 TESTS 8.2 Inspection by Variables 7.1 Acceptance Tests The inspection shall be carried out, on one The objective of an acceptance test is to sample, the size of which is given in col 2 of establish whether a batch of products conforms Table 2, as given in 8.2.1 to 8.2.7. to a specification. The tests shall be performed on samples drawn either from continuous 8.2.1Divide the readings in the order in which production or from a consignment (see also 8). they have been recorded into groups of 5, except The acceptance tests shall be carried out at the when the sample size is 7, in which case the manufacturer’s works on sheets and test group size is the same as the sample size. specimens cut from sheets as delivered. 8.2.2 For each group, compute the range R. The following acceptance tests shall be carried 8.2.3From the group ranges R compute the out: average range R. a)Dimensional and geometrical charac- 8.2.4Compute the sample mean X by dividing teristics (compulsory) (see AnnexB), the sum of the measurements by the sample size. b)Bending strength (compulsory) (see Annex 8.2.5 Obtain from col 3 of Table 2 the C), and coefficientk. c)Apparent density (compulsory) (see 8.2.6Compute the acceptability limit AL and AnnexC). determine the acceptability of the lot by means of Table 3. 3IS 14862 : 2000 8.2.7The conformity of the lot to the 10 MARKING requirement of this standard shall be obtained Each sheet shall be indelibly stamped and on the basis of the tests on the sheets selected marked by any suitable method with the from it. following information: a)Indication of source of manufacturer; Table 2 Sample Size and Acceptance Coefficient b)Date of manufacture; (Clauses 8.1.2, 8.2 and 8.2.5) c)Type and category of sheet; d)Size and thickness of sheet; and SizeoftheLot SampleSize AcceptanceCoefficient e)The words ‘FROST RESISTANT’ on the (1) (2) (3) sheets suitable for frost resistant ≤ 150 3 0.502 applications. 151 to 180 3 0.502 10.1 BIS Certification Marking 181 to 500 4 0.450 Each sheet may also be marked with the 501 to 1200 5 0.431 Standard Mark. 1201 to 3200 7 0.405 10.1.1The use of Standard Mark is governed 3201 to 10000 10 0.507 by the provisions of the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 and the rules and Table 3 Acceptance Criteria for regulations made thereunder. The details of Inspection by Variables conditions under which a licence for the use of (Clause 8.2.6) the Standard Mark may be granted to LimitPrescribed AL Acceptance, Rejection, manufacturers or producers may be obtained in Relevant if if for the Bureau of Indian Standards. Standard 11SAFETY RULES (1) (2) (3) (4) a)Product Identification Lower specified L+kR X≥AL X<AL i Sheets shall be marked with indelible limit, L i characters to show that they do not Upper specified L u–kR X≤AL X>AL contain asbestos. limit, L u b)Information to Users 9 INSPECTION AND MANUFACTURERS The company should, through its TEST CERTIFICATE distribution system, supply adequate information to the users concerning safety 9.1The purchaser or his representative shall precautions to be taken during handling have access at all reasonable times to the or machining of products and that manufacturer’s stock area for the purpose of excessive exposure to dust by cutting, inspecting the materials and products and drilling, sanding and turning or similar selecting and testing the sheets, which shall be operations should be avoided by one or so conducted as not to interfere unnecessarily several of the following means: with the loading in the carriers. 1)using low speed power tools, 9.2The manufacturer shall, upon request, 2)wetting the product, furnish the purchaser or his representative with the certificate that the finished product 3)using personal protective equipment complies with the specification in all respects. (respirators), and 4)use of hand-tools. ANNEX A (Clause 2) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 269:1989 Specification for ordinary 3812:1981 Specification for fly ash for use Portland cement, 33 grade as pozzolana and admixture (fourth revision) (first revision) 455:1989 Portland slag cement (fourth 8041:1990 Specification for rapid revision) hardening Portland cement (second revision) 1489 Specification for Portland 8112:1989 Specification for 43 grade pozzolana cement: ordinary Portland cement (first (Part 1):1991 Fly ash based (third revision) revision) (Part 2):1991 Calcined clay based (third 12269:1987 Specification for 53 grade revision) ordinary Portland cement 4IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX B [Clauses 5.1.1.1, 5.1.2, 5.1.4.1, 5.1.4.2 and 7.1 (a)] METHOD FOR TESTING DIMENSIONS B-1 APPARATUS between extreme values. Assess the results against the tolerance given in 5.1.3. The apparatus shall include the following items: NOTE — If the face texture does not allow a sufficiently accurate measurement of the thickness, the thickness of a)Smooth, flat and rigid inspection surface face-textured products is determined from volume of production quality and of dimensions measurement by water displacement where the test appropriate to the dimensions of the piece has been saturated before measurement. The sheets. thickness is given by the formula: Two metal rules shall be fixed at right V e=------- angles along adjacent edges of the l b inspection surface. The straightness of where each metal rule shall be at least 0.3mm/m e is average thickness of the test piece in mm, and the right angle shall be accurate to at Vis volume determined by water displacement in mm3, least 0.1 percent (less than 1mm b is specimen width in mm, and deviation from normal per metre of length) or 0.001 rad. l is specimen length in mm. Alternatively, a portable square may be Alternative methods for determination of the used. The same requirements for average thickness of textured specimens may straightness and angularity shall apply. be used provided they can be proven, on b)Suitable metal rulers, capable of being average, to yield a thickness measurement read to 0.5mm. within ±2 percent of that determined from c)Dial gauge, reading at least to 0.05mm, volume measurement. with flat parallel metal jaws, between 10mm and 15mm in diameter. B-4 MEASUREMENT OF STRAIGHTNESS OF EDGES B-2 MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH AND WIDTH Apply each edge to the relevant arm of the For each dimension, carry out three square. Measure to the nearest 0.5mm by measurements, that is, one in the middle and means of a steel rule, the greatest separation one at approximately 50mm from either end. between the edge of the sheet and the arm of Avoid taking the measurement over a local the square. Report the results. Assess each deformation which could be considered as a result against the tolerance given in 5.1.4.1. visual defect. Smooth any rough areas. Take each reading to the nearest 0.5mm. Report the B-5 MEASUREMENT OF OUT OF individual results. Assess the results against SQUARENESS OF EDGES the tolerances given in 5.1.3. Place each of the four corners of the sheet in B-3 MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS succession between the arms of the square keeping the large side against the large arm Carry out three measurements across the and the other side in contact with small arm. In width at one end of the smooth or textured sheet (with the dial gauge) as indicated in this position, measure the distance of the apex Fig.1. Take each reading to an accuracy of of the corner from the small arm of the square. 0.05mm. Report the individual results. Report each result. Assess the results against Calculate the arithmetic mean and difference the tolerance given in 5.1.4.2. FIG. 1 MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS 5IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX C (Clauses 5.2.1, 5.2.2, 7.1, D-2, D-3, F-1, F-3, G-2, G-3, G-4, H-1, H-2 and H-3) METHOD OF TEST FOR BENDING STRENGTH AND APPARENT DENSITY C-1 BENDING STRENGTH C-1.3 Conditioning for Equilibrium Strength C-1.1 Shapes and Dimensions of Test Place the test specimens for 7 days in an Pieces ambient condition and in such a manner that The test specimens shall be two square all faces are adequately ventilated. Record the specimens of 250mm×250mm per sheet. temperature and relative humidity. C-1.4 Conditioning for Wet Strength NOTE — For sheets of thickness in the range 9mm <e≤20mm, the test specimens may be either square or Immerse the test specimens in water at rectangular. For rectangular specimen the length ambient temperature for 24h. The test should be test span +40mm and width should be specimens shall be tested immediately upon 100mm minimum. removal from the water. C-1.2 Cutting Specimens C-1.5 Apparatus The test specimens shall be cut from the same The apparatus shall include the following part of the sheet. One possible layout is shown items: in Fig. 2 (the distance of 200mm is indicative). a)Bending test machine (see Fig. 3) with a Other cutting layouts may be used provided constant rate of deflection when applying that an equal number of specimens are cut the load (where this facility is not perpendicular and parallel to the available, a constant rate of loading is manufacturing direction. acceptable) and with an error of accuracy FIG. 2 CUTTING OF TEST SPECIMENS FIG. 3 BENDING TEST MACHINE LAYOUT 6IS 14862 : 2000 and an error of reproducibility equal to or b)A micrometer reading to at least 0.05mm less than 3 percent comprising: with flat parallel metal jaws between 10mm and 15mm in diameter. 1)two parallel supports, one rigid and one self aligning, the distance between the C-1.6 Procedure supports, a, being a function of the Arrange the test piece with the underside thickness of the test piece (see against the supports and load the test piece Table4). The upper faces of the along its centreline by means of the loading supports shall be rounded and shall bar. Load the specimen such that breakage have a radius r between 3mm and occurs within 10 to 30s. A constant rate of 25mm. deflection is preferred; where this facility is not 2)a loading bar identical to the two available a regular rate of loading is acceptable. supports shall be situated above the Measure the thickness at two points for smooth specimen so that it is parallel to the specimens and four points for textural supports and at an equal distance from specimens along the section of breakage as each support. indicated in Fig. 4. For square specimens, re-assemble the broken Table 4 Distance Between Support Test pieces. Submit the re-assembled test specimens Span to a second bending test with the line of load [Clause C-1.5 (a)] application at right angles to that of the first test. Measure the thickness of the test piece at Test Specimen Distance Between Axes of Supports two points for smooth sheets or four points for (Test Span), mm textured sheets along the new section of (1) (2) breakage as indicated in Fig. 4. Square 215 Where rectangular test specimens are used, the Rectangular 18e, Min strengths in the two directions are obtained by NOTES testing each of the appropriate specimens (seeFig. 4). 1For square specimens other distances between supports may be used provided compatibility can be C-1.7 Expression and Interpretation of demonstrated between results obtained with the Results different test spans and results obtained with the standard spans. The modulus of rupture, R, in MPa, is given by f 2 The distance between the axes of the supports may be the formula reduced for narrow products, where full size specimens cannot be obtained, provided the distance is not less R = --3 ----P ----l -- than 18e where e is thickness of the specimen, in mm. f 2 2be FIG. 4 MEASUREMENT OF THICKNESS OF SPECIMENS 7IS 14862 : 2000 where b)Weighing scale accurate to within 0.1 percent, and equipped to determine the P is the breaking load in N; immersed mass of the specimen as well as l is the distance between axes of supports the non-immersed mass. in mm; C-2.3 Procedure b is the width of the test piece, in mm; and Determine the volume by immersion in water e is the average thickness of the test piece or another method having an equivalent (arithmetic average of two measurements accuracy. In the case of immersion in water, the for smooth and four measurements for test piece shall be saturated in water textured), in mm. beforehand. Determine the mass by drying out The modulus of rupture of the sheet shall be the test specimens in a ventilated oven the arithmetic mean of the four values (two maintained at 100 to 105°C for 24±1h. values in each direction). Assess the results C-2.4 Expression and Interpretation of against the requirement given in 5.2.1. Results C-2 MEASUREMENT OF APPARENT The density ‘ ’ in grams per cubic centimetres, DENSITY is given by the formula: C-2.1 Preparation of Specimens m = ----- The test specimens shall be cut from sheets as V delivered. The test piece should preferably be a where piece of the sheet used for the bending test. C-2.2 Apparatus m is the mass of the test specimen after drying, in g; and The apparatus shall include the following items: V is the volume of the test specimen, in cm3 a)Ventilated oven capable of achieving a temperature of 100 to 105°C with a full Assess the results against the requirement load of specimens; and given in 5.2.2. 8IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX D (Clauses 6.1 and 7.2) METHOD OF TEST FOR BENDING STRENGTH (TYPE TEST) D-1 GENERAL direction. The test specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with the provisions This test method is designed to assess the of C-1.3 and C-1.4 as appropriate. equilibrium modulus of rupture and wet modulus of rupture, and the ratio of these. D-3 TEST EQUIPMENT AND D-2 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS PROCEDURE Twenty specimens shall be cut from at least The bending strength test shall be carried out five sheets. Sheets which have provided in accordance with the provisions of C-1. specimens for other type-tests may be used. Specimen dimensions shall be as required for D-4 EXPRESSION AND the bending test in accordance with Annex C. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS The specimens shall be marked with the sheet number from which they were cut and The equilibrium modulus of rupture shall be separated into two identical groups of 10 the arithmetic mean of the test results obtained specimens each, one for equilibrium strength in the equilibrium condition. The wet modulus testing and one for wet strength testing. In case of rupture shall be the arithmetic mean of the of rectangular specimens care should be taken test results obtained in the wet condition. that each batch shall contain five specimens cut Assess the results against the requirement in one direction and five specimens cut in other given in 6.1. ANNEX E (Clause 6.2) METHOD OF TEST FOR WATER IMPERMEABILITY E-1 PREPARATION OF SPECIMEN E-3 SPECIMEN CONDITIONING The specimens shall be kept in a controlled Three test specimens shall be cut, that is, one environment for at least 7 days at ambient from each of three sheets. Sheets used to temperature. provide specimens for other type-tests may be used or other sheets may be taken. Specimen E-4 PROCEDURE dimensions shall be 600mm×500mm Place and seal the frame on top of the face of minimum except for narrow products when the the specimen and fill with water to a height of dimensions shall be 600mm×the maximum 20mm above the face of the sheet. Place the possible width. specimens at ambient condition and record the temperature and relative humidity. The E-2 EQUIPMENT duration of the test shall be 24h. A suitable frame, to be sealed on top of the E-5 EXPRESSION AND specimen. The frame dimensions shall be INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 550mm×450mm minimum. A narrow frame Examine the underface after 24h and verify of the same length shall be used for narrow that it conforms to the requirement given products. in6.2. 9IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX F (Clauses 6.3 and 7.2) METHOD FOR FREEZE-THAW TEST F-1 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS Examine the specimens with the naked eye in order to detect possible cracks, delamination or Sample five sheets as delivered by the other defects and record any observation. producer. Cut 10 sets of paired specimens to suit the bending test (see C-1). Each pair of After preliminary conditioning, carry out the specimens shall be cut from one sheet and wet bending test as specified in C-1. given the same number for later comparison of F-4 EXPRESSION AND results. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS F-2 APPARATUS For each pair of specimens, i(i=1 to 10), The apparatus is the same as for the bending calculate the individual ratio r as follows: i test. In addition, for this test, cooling units R shall be used, which when filled completely r = ------f--i- i with test pieces ensure a test piece temperature R fci of –20°C, 2h after starting freezing. The where freezing chamber shall be equipped with an air circulation unit. R is the modulus of rupture of the ith test fi specimen after 50 freeze-thaw cycles, F-3 PROCEDURE and Submit one lot of 10 specimens to the bending R is the modulus of rupture of the ith fci test according to C-1, and at the same time reference test specimen (from the first submit other lot of 10 specimens to the lot). following freeze-thaw test. Calculate the average r and standard At the same time immerse the specimens in deviation, s, of the individual ratios r. water at ambient temperature until the i Calculate the 95 percent lower confidence limit, difference of mass between two consecutive L of the average ratio r as follows: weighings spaced 24h apart is less than 0.5 i L =r – 0.58s percent. i Assess the results against the requirement Submit the specimens to 50 freeze-thaw cycles given in 6.3. consisting of: NOTES a)cooling in air to –20°C±2°C in not less than 1h and not more than 2h. The 1Freeze-thaw cycles may be controlled automatically or manually. Continuous automatic cycling is preferred. specimens shall then be held at –20±2°C Manual supervision of freeze-thaw cycles shall record for 1h (see Notes under F-4). completion of each cycle. b)Thawing in water at ambient temperature 2 An interval between cycles (72h Max) is permissible. for 2h and not more than 3h. Then During this interval specimens should be stored in freezing shall recommence. ambient conditions. 3During both freezing and thawing the specimens The temperature and relative humidity shall be should be positioned to enable free circulation of the reported. Each freeze-thaw cycle will have a conducting medium (air or water) around each. minimum cycle time of 4h and a maximum of 4An alternative method in which the saturation of the 6h. The temperature specified above refers to specimen during cycling is ensured by sealing the the freezing cavity. At the end of this period, saturated specimens in plastic bags may be used where place the specimens in a laboratory atmosphere suitable automatic equipment for the preferred method is not available. for 7 days. 10IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX G (Clauses 6.4 and 7.2) METHOD FOR WARM WATER TEST G-1 GENERAL composition, for 56±2 days. At the end of this period place the specimens in a laboratory This test investigates the possible degradation atmosphere for 7 days. After preliminary of the products by keeping them in warm water conditioning, carry out the wet bending test as for a protracted period. This test is a given in C-1. comparative one and is only significant for products as delivered. G-5 EXPRESSION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS G-2 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS For each pair of specimens, i(i=1 to 10), Sample 10 sheets as delivered by the producer. calculate the individual ratio: Cut 10 sets of paired specimens to suit the bending test (see C-1). Each specimen pair R shall be cut adjacent from one sheet and given r i= ------f--i- R the same number for later comparison of fci results. where G-3 APPARATUS R is the modulus of rupture of the ith pair fi The apparatus shall include the following of specimens after immersion in warm items: water, and a)Water bath capable of temperature control R is the modulus of rupture of the ith pair fci to 60±5°C; and of reference specimens (from the first lot). b)Testing equipment for determination of bending strength as described in C-1.5 (a). Calculate the average r, and standard deviation, s, of the individual ratios r. G-4 PROCEDURE i Calculate the 95 percent lower confidence limit, Make two sets of 10 specimens each. Submit L of the average ratio r, as follows: i the first lot of 10 specimens to the wet bending L =r – 0.58s test (see C-1). Immerse the 10 specimens of i the second lot in water at 60±5°C Assess the ratio against the requirement given saturatedwith product of the same in 6.4. ANNEX H (Clauses 6.5 and 7.2) METHOD FOR SOAK-DRY TEST H-1 PREPARATION OF SPECIMENS H-3 PROCEDURE Sample 10 sheets as-delivered by the producer. Divide the paired specimens to form two lots of Cut 10 sets of paired specimens to suit the 10 specimens each. After the conditioning bending test in C-1. procedure, submit the first lot of 10 specimens to the bending test as described in C-1. Each pair of specimens shall be cut adjacent from one sheet and given the same number for At the same time submit the second lot to 25 later comparison of results. soak-dry cycles consisting of: H-2 APPARATUS a)immersion in water at ambient temperature for 18h, and The apparatus shall include the following b)drying in a ventilated oven of 60±5°C and items: relative humidity of less than 20 percent a)Ventilated oven capable of achieving a for 6h. temperature of 60±5°C and a relative If necessary, an interval up to 72h between humidity of less than or equal to 20 cycles is allowed. During this interval, percent with a full load of specimens; specimens shall be stored in immersed b)Bath filled with water at ambient conditions. After 25 cycles, place the specimens conditions; and in a laboratory atmosphere for 7 days. At the c)Equipment for bending test as defined end of this period, carry out the wet bending inC-1. test as specified in C-1. 11IS 14862 : 2000 H-4 EXPRESSION AND R is the modulus of rupture of the ith fci INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS reference test specimen (from the first For each pair of specimens, i(i=1 to 10) lot). calculate the individual ratio, r i, as follows: Calculate the average r, and standard R deviation, s, of the individual ratios, r i. r = ------f--i- Calculate the 95 percent lower confidence limit, i R fci L of the average ratio r as follows: i where L = r – 0.58s ì R is the modulus of rupture of the ith Assess the ratio against the requirement given fi specimen after the soak-dry cycling, and in 6.6. ANNEX J (Clauses 6.6 and 7.2) METHOD FOR HEAT-RAIN TEST J-1 GENERAL J-5 TEST PROCEDURE Select a representative installation system. This annex describes an optional test method to Assemble the system according to the assess the performance of a cladding system manufacturer’s recommendations. The composed of fibre cement sheets in a particular construction should include provision for at installation (sub-frame and fixings) under least one sheet joint in its central region. The cyclic changes of heat and moisture. This test perimeter of the frame should allow standard should be carried out on finished products. sheet edge finishing. The frame dimensions J-2 PRINCIPLE shall give a minimum area of 3.5m2 and allow at least two sheets to be installed with normal Sheets are fixed to a building frame in orientation. If the area of each sheet is 1.8m2 accordance with the recommended installation or more, use two specimens. If the combined practices of the manufacturer. The system is area of the sheets exceeds 5m2, the sheet then subjected to alternate wetting and heating length may be reduced to provide a test area of cycles, following which any structural not more than 5m2. If the area of each sheet is alteration is recorded. less than 1.8m2, use sufficient number of sheets to cover an area of 3.5m2. J-3 SAMPLING Fix the sample sheets to the test frame observing all the manufacturer’s Sheets used for the test shall be drawn at recommendations. The edge fixing distance random from the stock of finished products. should be a minimum allowed and the centre The number of sheets required will depend distance between fixings should be the upon the manufacturer’s installation maximum allowed. Include all recommendations and on the sheet size under weather-proofing and other attachments test. normally specified in the assembly. Where J-4 APPARATUS sheets are recommended to have overlapping joints, assemble the test frame accordingly. Test installations with the following facilities: Subject the assembled frame to the following test cycle: a)A sub-frame to which the sheets under test may be fixed vertically. a)Water spray: 2h 50min b)pause: 10min b)Water spray system which will provide complete wetting of one face. c)radiant heat: 2h 50min d)pause: 10min c)Heating system to provide uniform The sheets shall be submitted to 25 cycles. radiant heat to give blackbody temperature across complete test frame Assess the product for visual defects against surface of 60±5°C and approximately the requirement given in 6.6. uniform power output during the cycle. J-6 OBSERVATIONS/REPORTING d)A control system allowing the test On completion of the final test cycle, inspect the conditions to alternate automatically as sheets for damage or structural alteration prescribed in the test procedure. caused by the test. 12IS 14862 : 2000 ANNEX K (Foreword) COMMITTEE COMPOSITION Cement Matrix Products Sectional Committee, CED 53 Chairman Representing SHRI S. A. REDDI Gammon India Ltd, Mumbai Members SHRI P. S. KALANI All India Small Scale AC Pressure Pipe Manufacturer’s Association, SHRI N. KISHAN REDDY (Alternate) Secunderabad SHRI G. R. BHARITKAR B. G. Shirke Construction Technology Pvt Ltd, Pune COL D. V. PADSALGIKAR (Alternate) DR B. K. RAO Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee DR S. K. AGARWAL (Alternate) SHRI P. SUBRAMANIAN Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SHRI K. P. ABRAHAM (Alternate) SHRI S. M. MUNJAL Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SHRI R. K. AGARWAL (Alternate) SHRI MAHENDRA PRASAD Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, NewDelhi SHRI A. K. AGGARWAL (Alternate) SHRI K. SRIVASTAVA Eternit Everest Ltd, New Delhi SHRI S. P. RASTOGI Federation of UP Pipe Manufacturers, Lucknow SHRI A. K. CHADHA Hindustan Prefab Ltd, New Delhi SHRI J. R. SIL (Alternate) SHRI V. SURESH Housing and Urban Development Corporation, New Delhi SHRI S. K. TANEJA (Alternate) SHRI K. H. GANGWAL Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI V. PATTABHI (Alternate) SHRI O. P. AGARWAL Municipal Corporation of Delhi, Delhi SHRI J. L. DHINGRA (Alternate) CHIEF ENGINEER (CEMENT CONCRETE ROAD) Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER (PURCHASE) (Alternate) DR C. RAJKUMAR National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh SHRI H. K. JULKA (Alternate) SHRI D. K. KANUNGO National Test House, Calcutta SHRI T. CHOUDHURY (Alternate) JOINT DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B&S) Research, Designs and Standards Organization (Ministry of ASSISTANT DESIGN ENGINEER (Alternate) Railways), Lucknow SHRI M. A. AZEEZ Rural Electrification Corporation Ltd, New Delhi SHRI P. D. GAIKWAD (Alternate) SHRI N. P. RAJAMANE Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai DR M. NEELAMEGAM (Alternate) SHRI C. H. SUBRAMANIAN Small Scale Industries Services Institute, Ministry of Industry, SHRI A. DATTA (Alternate) NewDelhi SHRI C. Y. GAVHANE Spun Pipes Manufacturer’s Association of Maharashtra, Pune SHRI D. N. JOSHI (Alternate) SHRI S. HARIRAMASAMY Tamil Nadu Water Supply and Drainage Board, Chennai SHRI B. V. B. PAI The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Thane SHRI M. S. DANDWATE (Alternate) (Continued on page 14) 13IS 14862 : 2000 (Continued from page 13) Members Representing SHRI P. D. KELKAR The Indian Hume Pipe Co Ltd, Mumbai SHRI P. R. C. NAIR (Alternate) SHRI S. S. SETHI, Director General, BIS (Ex-officio Member), BIS Director (Civ Engg) Member-Secretary SHRI SANJAY PANT Deputy Director (Civ Engg), BIS Fibre Reinforced Cement Products Subcommittee, CED 53:1 Convener DR C. RAJKUMAR National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabgarh Members SHRI P. S. KALANI All India Small Scale AC Pressure Pipe Manufacturer’s Association, SHRI N. KISHAN REDDY (Alternate) Secunderabad DR B. K. RAO Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee SHRI S. K. AGARWAL (Alternate) SHRI S. B. SURI Central Soil & Materials Research Station, New Delhi SHRI N. CHANDRASEKARAN (Alternate) SUPERINTENDING ENGINEER (TADC) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi ENGINEER-IN CHIEF (WATER) Delhi Water Supply and Sewage Disposal Undertaking, New Delhi SHRI N. S. BASU Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals, New Delhi SHRI T. N. OBOVEJA (Alternate) SHRI N. G. BHASAK Director General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI P. K. JAIN (Alternate) COL V. K. P. SINGH Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters, New Delhi MAJ R. S. PHANWALA (Alternate) DR N. BALASUBRAMANIAN Eternit Everest Ltd, New Delhi SHRI K. K. MALIK (Alternate) SHRI J. S. SANGANERIA Geological Survey of India, Jaipur SHRI V. K. KASLIWAL (Alternate) SHRI A. K. CHATURVEDI Gujarat Composite Ltd, Ahmedabad SHRI S. M. LALWANI (Alternate) SHRI V. PATTABHI Hyderabad Industries Ltd, Hyderabad SHRI A. K. GUPTA (Alternate) SHRI P. L. JAIN Jain Trading Corporation, Kota SHRI M. M. JAIN (Alternate) DR P. S. KALANI Kalani Asbestos Cement Private Ltd, Indore SHRI T. S. SUMMI (Alternate) SHRI RAJ KUMAR Ministry of Industry (SSI), New Delhi SHRI S. C. KUMAR (Alternate) DR N. K. JAIN National Council for Cement and Building Materials, Ballabhgarh SHRI S. K. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta SHRI S. GANPATHY Ramco Industries Ltd, Chennai DEPUTY DIRECTOR STANDARDS (B&F) Research, Designs & Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways), ADE (B&F) (Alternate) Lucknow SHRI K. P. GOENKA Sarbamangala Industries, Calcutta SHRI I. P. GOENKA (Alternate) 14Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards:Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc:No. CED 53 (5783). Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Amd. No. 1 May 2002 Amd. No. 2 June 2003 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002. Telegrams:Manaksanstha Telephones:323 01 31, 323 33 75, 323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central :Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg  323 76 17  NEW DELHI 110002  323 38 41 Eastern : 1/14 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Kankurgachi  3378499, 33785 61  KOLKATA700054  3378626, 3379120 Northern : SCO 335-336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 603843  602025 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113  2350216, 2350442   2351519, 2352315 Western :Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East)  8329295, 8327858  MUMBAI 400093  8327891, 8327892 Branches : AHMEDABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. NALAGARH. PATNA. PUNE. RAJKOT. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. VISHAKHAPATNAM.
6061_1.pdf	IS : 6061 ( Part I ) - 1971 ( Reaffirmed 1992 ) Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FLOOR AND ROOF WITH JOISTS AND FILLER BLOCKS PART 1 WITH HOLLOW CONCRETE FILLER BLOCKS ( Fourth Reprint OCTOBER 1997 ) UDC 693.28 : 69.025.22 : 691.327-478 : 69.001.3 0 Copyright 1971 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 3 Arrgirst 1971IS : 6061 (Part I ) - 1971 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FLOOR AND ROOF WITH JOISTS AND FILLER BLOCKS PART I WITH HOLLOW CONCRETE FILLER BLOCKS Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee, BDC 13 Chairman Rcpre.renting SHRI C. P. MALX Central Public Works Department Members ADDITIONALD IRECTOR, STANDARDS Research, Designs and Standards Organization (ARCHITECTURE ) ( Ministry of Railways ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR, STANDARDS ( ARCHITECTURE) ( Alternate ) SHRI B. V. APTE Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SHRI K. J. SAPRA ( Alternate) SHRI J. P. J. BILIMORIA Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay SHRI D. B. CHATTERJI Central Public Works Department, Calcutta CHIEF ARCHITECT Central Public \Vorks Department (Architectural Wine ). New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER National Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd, New Delhi CHIEF ENGINEER-CUm-ADDITIONALP ublic Works Department, Government of Rajasthan SECRETARY ( B & R ) EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION) ( Alternate ) SHRI B. K. CHOKSI In personal capacity ( ‘ Shrikunj ‘, Near Prakosh Housing Society, Athwa Lines, &rot I ) SHRI J. DATT The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHRI Y. K. MEHTA ( Alternate ) SHRI V. S. DEVDHAR Institution of Surveyors, New Delhi SHRI V. V. SASIDARAN( Alternate ) PROF DINESH MOHAN Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Koorkee DIRECTOR Engineering Research Laboratory, Government of Andhra Pradesh SHRI R. G. GOKHALE National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI RAVINDER LAL ( Altunate ) SHRI C. M. GOVEAS Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay SHRI S. B. JOSHI S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. N. JOSHI ( Alternate ) SHRI V. S. KAMAT The Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Bombay SHRI KEWAL KRISHAN Public Works Department, Government of Punjab ( Continued on page 2 ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002IS : 6061 ( Part I ) - 1971 ( Continued from page 1 ) Members Representing SHRI N. J. MASANI Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Debra Dun SHRI T. R. MEHANDRU Institytion of Engineers ( India), Calcutta BRIG 0. P. NARULA Engineer-in-Clrief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI S. K. BOSE ( Alternate ) SHRI A. P. PARACER Central Public 1Yorks Department, New Delhi SHRI D. J. PATEL Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI S. A. RBDDV Gammon India Ltd, Bombay SHRI P. M. APTE ( Alternate) SHRI J. D. SHASTRI Directorate Gcnrra! of Health Services, New Delhi SUP~RINTENDINECN GINEER( PLAN- Public \Vorks Department, Government of Tamil NI-N CA. ND DES_I GNC IRCLE_) . Nadu EXECUTIVEE NGINEER ( BUILDING CENTRE DIVISION) ( Alternate ) SHRI D. AJITHA SIMIIA, Director General, IS1 ( 23x-oBc,o Member) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretnty SR~I L. RAMACHANDRAR AO Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 Floor and Roof Construction Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 11 Smr C. M. GOVE~S Bhabha Atomic Rewarch Centrc, Bombay SHRI S. K. BOSE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters MAJ N. K. GOYAL ( A(tunate ) DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEER Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways’) ( GENERAL) SHRIJ . DURAI RAJ Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI G. B. SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI K: R. JANI National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI J. P. SHARMA( diternate ) &RI N. c. hhzUh%LhR Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkce SHRI SURINDERS ~NGH( Alternate ) SHP.I c. R. NARAYANA RAo In personal capacity ( I,r~r-hfilapore, Ilfadras 4 ) SHRI F. B. PITHAVADIAN I’rynne, Abbott & Davis, Madras _ -- SIIRI S. t<AMAsWAMY The C\ oncrete Association of Irtdta, Bombay SHRI K. N. PARTHASARTHY( Alternate ) SHRI V. V. SA~IDARAN The Institution of Surveyors, Nclv Delhi SHKI B. N. VASU~EVA ( rillernafe) S~JPERINTENDINEGN GINEER Public LVorks Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh SUPERINTENDINEGN GINEER Pt!hlic Works Department, Govrrnment of Mysore S~JPERINTENDINEGN GINEER( PLAN- PrrblkaForks Department, Government of Tamil T KINGA ND DESIGNC IRCLE) EXECUJI VE ENGINEER( BUILDING CENTRE DIVISION) ( Alternate ) SURVEYORO F M’ORKS Central Public LVorks Department, Madras SHR~R . VELAYUDHANI \~AIR Public \2’orks Department, Gu\~ernment of Kcrala SHRI ZACHARIAG EORGE Stru~o~~engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), 2IS : 6061 ( Part I ) - 1971 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF FLOOR AND ROOF WITH JOISTS AND FILLER BLOCKS PART I WITH HOLLOW CONCRETE FILLER BLOCKS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standav-ds Institution on 18 March 1971, after the draft finalized by the Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Floor and roof construction using precast reinforced or prestressed concrete joists and hollow cement concrete filler blocks is advantageous because of the durability, fire resistance, thermal insulation, lower dead load and high speed of construction. The construction of floor or roof with joists and hollow concrete filler blocks is simple and quick and also eliminates the use of shuttering. This type of floor should not be used where the floor is likely to be subjected to impact loads and/or vibration. This standard is intended to provide guidance for construction of floor and roof with hollow cement concrete filler blocks. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 0.4 This standard is one of a series of Indian Standards on construction of floor and roof with joists and filler blocks. The other standard to be published in the series is Code of practice for construction of floor and roof with joists and filler blocks : Part II PVith hollow clay filler blocks. 0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express- ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( re6sed). 3IS : 6061 ( Part I ) - 1971 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the method of construction of floor and roof using precast reinforced cement concrete/prestressed concrete joists and hollow cement concrete filler blocks with in situ reinforced concrete decking at the top. 2. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 2 .l General . 2.1.1 The floor or roof shall consist of the following components: a>P recast reinforced/prestressed concrete joists spaced at suitable ten tres; b) Precast cement concrete hollow blocks laid over in the space between the precast reinforced concrete joists; C) Structural topping concrete nominally reinforced laid in situ; 4 The required floor or roof finish at the top; and e) A suitable ceiling finish applied to the bottom of the joists and hollow blocks subsequently, if desired. 2.2 Strength and Stability 2.2.1 The spacing of the joists shall be at 600 mm centres unless other- wise specified ( see B-l -4 ) . 2.2.2 The maximum span of joists shall not normally exceed 6 m. 2.2.3. The design of precast reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete sections for joists shall be in accordance with the principles laid down in IS : 456-1964* and IS : 1343-19607 respectively. 2.2.4 The joists and filler blocks shall be so shaped as to give a minimum bearing of 25 mm of the filler blocks on the joist. 2.2.5 When the design of the joists provides for T-beam action of topping concrete, then the minimum thickness of concrete shall be 50 mm. 3. MATERIALS 3.1 Cement - Cement used shall conform to IS : 269-1967: or IS : 455- 19625 or IS : 1489-196711. Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( second revision ). t&de of practice for prestresned concrete. $Specification for ordinary, rapid-hardening and low heat Port&d cement (second revision ) . iSpecification for Portland blastfurnace slag cement ( second revision ). ljSpecitication for Portland-pozzolana cement (,tirst revision). 4IS:6061 (Part I)- 1971 3.2 Fine Aggregate - Fine aggregate shall conform to the relevant requirements of IS : 383-1963. 3.3 Coarse Aggregate - Coarse aggregate shall conform to the relevant requirements of IS : 383-1963. 3.4 Water- Water used shall be clean and free from oil, acid, alkali, organic or vegetable matter. Generally potable water will be suitable. In case of doubt the quality of water should be analysed to ascertain con- formity with 4.3 of IS : 456-1964-t. 3.5 Precast Reinforced/Prestressed Concrete Joist - Precast rein- forced/prestressed concrete joist shall be prepared in accordance with the details given in Appendix A. 3.6 Precast Hollow Cement Concrete Filler Blocks - Precast hollow cement concrete filler blocks shall conform to the requirements given in Appendix B. 4. PROGRAMMING THE WORK 4.1 All supporting elements like walls, pillars, main beams, frames, etc, shall be completed sufficiently early and cured well before the flooring or roofing work is taken up. Plain concrete 75 mm thick ( 1 : 2 : 4 mix ) bed block may be provided over load bearing walls, if necessary. The top surface of supporting elements shall be level-finished. Attention shall be paid for arrangements necessary for fixing all service pipes, conduits, fixtures, etc passing through the floor. 5. STORAGE, TRANSPORT AND HANDLING OF MATERIALS 5.1 Necessary precautions shall be observed in the storage, transport and handling of precast concrete joists and cement concrete hollow filler blocks. Cement, coarse and fine aggregates and other construction materials shall be stored at site in accordance with the recommendations given in IS : 4082-l 967 $ 6. LAYING THE FLOOR OR ROOF 6.1 The precast reinforced concrete joists shall be placed in position at the designed spacing so as to span between the supporting elements, such as walls and beams. Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete ( regised). f&de of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( second revision ). $Recommendations on stacking and storage of construction materials at site. 5IS : 6061( Part I ) - 1971 6.2 The joists, if so designed, shall be temporarily supported at the points stipulated by the designer and the supports shall be left in position for at least 7 days from the date of laying the topping concrete. 6.3 Space, if any, between the ends of adjacent joists occurring over walls or beams shall be filled with the same masonry or concrete as the supporting element SO as to be flush with the top ofjoist to present an even bearing surface for the wall above. 6.4 The hollow blocks shall be placed in between the joists with their ends resting on the’ projecting lips of the joists in a manner indicated in Fig. 1. 6.5 Nominal reinforcement shall be provided for the structural topping concrete slab in accordance with the relevant provisions given in IS : 456-1964. At least 0.15 percent reinforcement along the joists and 0.20 percent reinforcement across the joists shall be provided for the structural topping concrete slab. The spacing of reinforcement bars shall not exceed 300 mm. The top reinforcement in the slab over the supports (joists ) should be tied to the stirrups projecting from the joists. Welded wire mesh may be used for the reinforcement as an alternate to mild steel bars. 6.6 The structural topping concrete shall be of grade M-150 (refer to IS : 456-1964” ). It shall be laid over the hollow blocks to a minimum thickness of 50 mm. The top surface should be finished smooth if no further flooring treatment is required; otherwise the surface should be finished rough for providing bond with the subsequent treatment. 6.7 The in situ concrete shall be suitably cured for at least one week. 7. FINISHING 7.1 The concrete topping laid as in 6, may be further finished with the specified roof, floor or celling finish in accordance with the relevant Indian Standards mentioned in 7.1.1. The ceiling may be rendered or plastered, as desired. The waterproofing of the roof may be done according to IS : 1346-1966t or IS : 3036-1965$ or IS : 4365-1967$. Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( second revision ). tCode of practice for waterproofing of roofs with bitumen felts (@ reuision). $Code of practice for laying lime concrete for a waterproofed roof finish. $&de of practice for application of bitumen mastic for waterproofing of roofs. 6INISHED FLOOR LEVEL +4TER-FLOOR ,DETAIL PRECAST REINFORCED/ PRESTRESSED CON - CRETE JOIST if PLAST.ER x WI SECTION XX V I FIG. 1 PRECAST CONCRETEJOISTSA ND HOLLOW FILLERBLOCK 5 FLOORINGA NDROOFING 2.IS:6061(PartI)-1971 7-1.1 Indian Standards covering floor finishes are listed below: SI $0. Type of Finish IS No. 1) Cement concrete tiles 1443-1959* 2) Terrazzo 2114-1962t 3) Rubber 1197-1970~ 4) Linoleum 1198- 19584 5) PVC 5318-1969/j 6) Magnesium oxychloride 658- 196211 7) Epoxy resin 4631-1968** 8) Bitumen mastic 1196-1968tt APPENDIX A ( Clause 3.5 ) PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE JOISTS A-l. GENERAL A-l.1 All precast reinforced concrete joists shall be of uniform width, the length and depth shall vary according to the span. The recommended depth of the precast reinforced concrete joists is 150 mm for spans up to +2 m and 200 mm for spans 4.2 to 6 m. A-1.2 The joists shall have stirrups projecting to be bent into the topping concrete slab to give composite action. A-2. MIX A-2.1 The concrete for the joists shall be of grade M-200 as specified in IS : 456-1964$x. Code of practice for laying and finishing of cement concrete flooring tiles. tCode of practice for laying in situ terrazzo floor finish. $Code of practice for laying of rubber floors ( revised). §Code of practice for laying and maintenance of linoleum floors. (/Code of practice for laying offlexible PVC sheet and tile flooring. TCode of practice for magnesium oxychloride composition floors ( r&ed ). Code ofpractice for laying of epoxy resin floor toppings. ttCode of practice for laying bitumen mastic flooring (first r~aision) . ItCode of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( sscond revision j. 8IS : 6061( Part I ) - 1971 A-3. REINFORCEMENT A-3.1 The reinforcement for joists shall be provided according to IS : 456-1964 for reinforced cement concrete joists and according to IS : 1343-19607 for prestressed concrete joists. A-4. CASTING A-4.1 The mould should be made of suitable material which is rigid enough to withstand vibrations during casting. A-4.2 The joists shall be cast on a level platform protected from direct sun as well as from the quick drying action of strong winds. A-4.3 Before filling concrete in the moulds, the inner surfaces of the mould and the bottom shall be thoroughly treated to aid the casting and removal of the precast unit without damage and to ensure a smooth surface finish of the concrete. The reinforcement skeleton should be placed and secured in the mould in the correct position so as to ensure proper cover of concrete over the reinforcement. The concrete shall be gradually filled into the moulds and kept continually filled and compacted by suitable vibration. NOTE-Even when the mould is full, the top ends of the stirrups and the stirrup holder bar are purposely left projecting out the mould so that the joist will bond with the reinforced concrete topping and function as T-beams. A-4.4 Releasing of the sides of mould shall not be done earlier than four hours after casting. The mould shall be very carefully released without disturbing or causing any shock to the casting. A-5. CURING AND MATURING A-5.1 After removal of the sides of the moulds, the joists shall be kept damp for 24 hours by spraying water on them at the same location, unless adequate arrangements are made for shifting the base plate without disturbing the joists. After the concrete has developed sufficient strength to withstand handling stresses the joists shall be removed to a curing yard and shall be kept continually moist for at least 7 days from the date of casting. A-5.2 After the curing of the joists is completed, these shall be stored in a shady place and allowed to dry gradually for at least three weeks before these are used in the construction. ~-6. PRECAUTIONS FOR LIFTING AND HANDLING OF JOISTS A-6.1 Lifting of joists from the platform shall be done with care, Sub- sequent handling shall be done without causing any damage to the joist tcode of practice for plain and reinforced concrete ( second revision). tCode of practice for prestressed concrete. 9IS : 6061( Part I ) - 1971 and from points indicated by the designer. While stacking and transport- ing, temporary supports shall be given at the points indicated by the designer. Joists should be stacked on firm and even ground or platform. If stacked in more than one row all the props should be in the same :.ertical plane. APPENDIX B ( Clause 3.6 ) PRECAST HOLLOW CEMENT CONCRETE FILLER BLOCKS B-l. SIZE ANti SHAPE B-l.1 The blocks shall be so prepared ,that at any point it shall have a wall thickness of not less than 25 mm. B-1.2 Tolerance-The maximum variation in the dimensions shall be not more than + 1.5 mm for height and breadth and f 3.00 mm for length. B-1.3 The blocks shall be so prepared SO as to have a bearing of not less than 25 mm on the joists. B-1.4 A typical section of the hollow cement concrete filler block to span between joists kept at 600 mm centres is shown in Fig. 2. B-1.5 If the hollow cement concrete filler block has to span between joists kept at 750.mm centres or above, the block should be suitably reinforced. B-2. BREAKING STRENGTH TEST ON HOLLOW CEMENT CONCRETE ‘FILLER BLOCK B-2.1 The block shall be suitably and simply supported without any mortar at the supports and having a bearing of at least 25 mm on the supports placed at 600 mm centre to centre. A load of 300 kg shall be applied on a steel plate 20 mm wide kept centrally over the entire width of the block and parallel to the supports. The strip load of 300 kg is applicable only for blocks having width of 250 mm and for wider blocks the load should be increased in proportion to the actual width and 250 mm. B-2.1.1 The block under the loading as explained in B-2.1 shall not break or crack or show any type of deformation. B-2.1.2 At least two blocks from the lot manufactured in a day, or two blocks from 1 000 blocks whichever is less should be tested for dimensions and breaking strength. 10BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 323 0131,323 3375,323 9402 Fax: 91 11 3234062,91 11 3239399, 91 11 3239302 Telegrams : Manaksanstha (Common to all Offices) Central Laboratory : Telephone Plot No. 20/9, Site IV, Sahibabad Industrial Area, Sahibabad 201010 8-77 00 32 Regional Offices: Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 323 76 17 Eastern : l/14 CIT Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 337 86 62 Northern : SC0 335336, Sector 34-A, CHANDIGARH 160022 60 38 43 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 235 23 15 tWestern : Manakalaya. E9, Behind Marol Telephone Exchange, Andheri (East), 832 92 95 MUMBAI 400093 Branch Offices:: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 550 13 48 SPeenya Industrial Area, 1s t Stage, Bangalore-Tumkur Road, 839 49 55 BANGALORE 560058 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T.T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 55 40 21 Plot No. 62-63, Unit VI, Ganga Nagar, BHUBANESHWAR 751001 40 36 27 Kalaikathir Buildings, 670 Avinashi Road, COIMBATORE 641037 21 01 41 Plot No. 43, Sector 16 A, Mathura Road, FARIDABAD 121001 8-28 88 01 Savitri Complex, 116 G.T. Road, GHAZIABAD 201001 8-71 19 96 53/5 Ward No.29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th By-lane, GUWAHATI 781003 5411 37 5-8-56C, L.N. Gupta Marg, Nampally Station Road, HYDERABAD 500001 20 10 83 E-52, Chitaranjan Marg, C-Scheme, JAIPUR 302001 37 29 25 117/418 B, Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76 Seth Bhawan, 2nd Floor, Behind Leela Cinema, Naval Kishore Road, 23 89 23 LUCKNOW 226001 NIT Building, Second Floor, Gokulpat Market, NAGPUR 440010 52 51 71 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 26 23 05 Institution of Engineers (India) Building 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 32 36 35 T.C. No. 14/l 421, University P. 0. Palayam, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 695034 621 17 Sales Office is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, 27 10 85 CALCUTTA 700072 tSales Office is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, MUMBAI 400007 309 65 28 &Sales Office is at ‘F’ Block, Unity Building, Narashimaraja Square, 222 39 71 BANGALORE 560002 Printed at Dee Kay Printers, New Delhi-l 1001.5, India. /
4031_14.pdf	IS 4931( Part 14) t 1999 Indian Standard HYDRAULICCEMENT-METHODSOF PHYSICALTESTS PART 14 DETERMINATION OF FALSE SET ma^fs WV5 UDC 666-94’015’57 : 666’9’015’59 @ BIS 1990 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC NEW DELHI 110002 February19 90 Price Group 2Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( Part 14 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on 25 August 1989, after the draft finalized by the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Hydraulic cements sometimes exhibit false set or premature stiffening on gauging with water. But further working with the trowel breaks up this set and the cement regains its plasticity and exhibits a normal setting time. False set is totally distinct from flash set. Criteria for accepting a set in cement as false set has been specified in different Indian Standards on hydraulic cement. The Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, therefore, felt it necessary to lay down the procedure for determining false set of hydraulic cement. This test is required to be carried out only when a false set is suspected in cement. The composition of the Committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given in Annex A. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 4031( Part 14 ) : 1989 Indian Standard HYDRAULICCEMENT-METHODSOF PHYSICALTESTS PART 14 DETERMINATION OF FALSE SET 1 SCOPE requirements specified in Weights and Measures Rules. 1.1 This standard (Part 14) covers the procedure for determining false set of hydraulic 5.4 Gauging Trowel cement. Gauging trowel shall have a steel blade 2 REFERENCES 100 to 150 mm in length with straight edges and weighing 210 f 10 g. 2.1 The following Indian Standards are neces- sary adjuncts to this standard: 5.5 Graduated Glass Cylinders, 200 to 250 ml capacity. IS .hfo. Title 5.6 Mixing Slab 1433 : 1965 Specification for beam scales ( revised > Mixing slab shall be of non-absorbent material 3535 : 1986 Methods of sampling hydraulic of suitable size. cements ( jirst revision ) 6 PROCEDURE 5513 : 1976 Specification for Vicat apparatus (&St revision> 6.1 Prepare a paste of weighed quantity of cement (500 g ) with a weighed quantity 3 SAMPLING AND SELECTION OF TEST ( about 140 g ) of potable or distilled water, SPECIMENS taking care that the time of gauging is not less than three minutes nor more than four minutes 3.1 The sample of the cement shall be taken and the gauging. shall be completed before any according to the requirements of IS 3535 : 1986 sign of setting occurs. The gauging time shall be and the relevant standard specification for the counted from the time of adding water to the type of cement being tested. The representative dry cement until commencing to fill the Vicat sample of the cement selected as above shall mould. Fill the Vicat mould with this paste, be thoroughly mixed before testing. the mould resting upon a non-poroug plate. After completely filling the mould, smooth off 4 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY the surface of the paste, making it level with the top of the mould. The mould may be slightly 4.1 The temperature of the moulding room, shaken to expel the air. dry materials, appliances and water shall be maintained af 27 f 2?C. The relative humidity NOTE - Clean appliances shall be used for gauging. of the laboratory shall be 65 f 5 percent. 6.1.1 In filling the mould, the operator’s hands 5 APPARATUS and the blade of the gauging trowel shall alone be used. 5.1 Vicat Apparatus 6.2 Place the test block confined in the mould, Vicat apparatus conforming to IS 5513 : 1976 together with the non-porous resting plate, shall be used. under the rod of Vicat apparatus bearin the plunger; lower the plunger gently to tout % the 5.2 Balance surface of the test block, and quickly release, allowing it to sink into the paste. This The balance shall conform to Class B of operation of releasing the plunger shall be IS 1433 : 1965. carried out exactly after 20 seconds of comple- tion of mixing period. NOTE - Self-indicating balance with equivalent accuracy may also be used. 6.3 Determination of Initial Penetration 5.3 Weights Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages The weights in use shall conform to the of water as described above until the amount of i 1,XS4 031( Part 14 ) : 1989 water necessary for making up the paste which the paste to the mixing slab and remix the will permit the Vicat plunger to penetrate to contents for one minute. a point 28 to 36 mm from the top of the Vicat mould in 30 seconds of release of plunger is 6.5.2 ‘Fill the mould and determine the obtained. penetration following the procedure specified in 6.3. 6.4 Determination of Final Penetration NOTES After completion of initial penetration reading, remove the plunger from the paste, clean it, and 1 If early development of stiffness can be dispelled and plasticity regained by further mixing without addition reset the mould and the plate in a new position. of water then it is termed as false set. This operation should be performed with as little disturbance as possible to the paste 2 If early development of stiffnessc annot be dispelled confined in the Vicat mould. Bring the plunger nor can the plasticity be regained by further mixing without addition of water then it is termed as flash set. again in contact with surface of the paste and release the plunger a second time, five minutes 7 CALCULATION after completion of the mixing period and determine the final penetration after 30 seconds 7.1 Calculate the percent of final penetration as of release of plunger. the ratio of f&l penetration to initial penetration as f0110Ws: 6.5 Determination of RemkPenetratioa P= -$x 100 If the penetrations determined by the foregoing procedure show the cement to be stiffening rapidly, information as to the nature of stiffen- where ing shall be obtained by testing as given P = percent final penetration, in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2. A = initial penetration in mm, and 6.5.1 rlfter completing the measurement of the five minutes penetration, immediately return B = final penetration in mm. ANNEX A COMPOSITION OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2 CAoirrplen Reprcwnting DBH.C, VI8VlisVABlYA National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi M4lllh SHRI K. P. BANEBJEE Larsen and Toubro Limited, Bombay Saw HARISH N. MALANI ( Ahmats ) SEX1 S. K:BxnExrmE National Test House, Calcutta CHIEF ENBINEEB ( BD ) Bhakra Beas Management Board, Nangal Township Snnr J. C. Bnaun ( Altumdr ) CEIEB EIUNBINEX(G DRE SIQNS ) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi SUPE~UNTENDING ENOINEES ( S & S ) Cams ENQINEER ( RESEAR~E-CUM-D~HECT~B ) Irrigation Department, Government of Pun,jab RESEARCH OFFICEIR ( CONCRETE TZCENOLOQY ) ( Alternatc ) l---h~B somR A. P. Engineering Research Laborator&, Hyderabad ftUNT ~IbnCTOR ( Alternate ) Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi IbSBOTOU Cmar RSC~EAWH OPFICER ( Aftrrnnta) I)IREo~R(C& MDD-II) Central Water Commision, New Delhi Dlrpory DIRECTIVE (C & MDD-II) (AUerna6e) Smr V. K. GEANEEAX Structural Engineering Research Crntrr ( CSIR ), Ghaziabad Saiu S. GoPINATH India Cements Limited, Madras SEW .A. K. Gv~ra Hyderabad Industries Limited, Hyrler~bad SHRI J. SUN GVPTA National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SNICI P. J. JAOUS Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay Da A. K. CkrATmER&IC(E A &mm%) JC,INT DIREOTOR STANI~ARDS ( B & 5 )/CB-I Research. Designs and Standards Organization ( Ministry of Railwavs ), Lucknow JIXX~T~ F;TOB STANDARDS ( B & S )/CB-II SRXi N. G. Jovar Indian Hume Pipes Company Limited, Bombay i 2IS 4031( Part 14) : 1989 Msmbsrs Representing Sang R. L. KAPO~~ Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport ), Department of Surface Transport, New Delhi SHRI R. K. SAXENA (A&rmats) SHRI G. K. MAJUMDAR Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation (India ) Ltd, New Delhi SHRI P. N. MWWA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta SHRI S. K. MATHUR ( Alternate ) Da A. K. Mnr.~rcrr National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi SHRI NIRMAL SrNon Development Commissioner for Cement Industry, ( Ministry of Industry ) SERI S. S. MI~LANI ( Altercate ) &XIII S. N. PAL M. N. Dastur and Company Private Limited, Calcutta z SHRI BIMAN Dasau~T A ( Ahrnatr ) SHIU R. C. PABATE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headqluarters IT-COL R. K. SlNQR ( All6rnat6) rzLn= ss.-a. PASRICEA Hindustan Prefab Limited, New Delhi SHRI Y. R. PEULL Indian Roads Congress, New Deihi; aad Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi SRRI M. R. CHATTEKJEE ( Alternats) DR MOHAN RAI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee DR S. S. REHsI (Alternate ) SHRI A. V. RL~AN~ Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Limited, New Delhi Da K. C. NABANQ ( A&mat6 ) SEIU T. N. SUB~A RAO Gammon India Limited, Bombay Snsr S. A. REDDI ( Alt6raat6) DR M. RAYAIAII Structural Engineering Research Centre ( CSIR ), Madras DR A. G. MA~HAVA RAO ( Altrrnats ) Sanr G. RANDAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals, New Delhi SHRI A. U. RIJHSIN~HANI Cement Corporation of India, New Delhi SNRIC. S. SHARMA (Altsrnuts) SEORETARY Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi SHRI K. R. S AXENA ( Ahnat ) SUPEHINTENDINQ ENQINEER ( DRSIQNB ) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu EXRXXITIVE ENC~INEER ( SMD DrvrsroN ) ( Alterncte ) Sam I,. SWAROOP Orissa Gement Limited, T&W Delhi &RI H. B~WTTAUIIARYA ( Ahrnatc ) Smtr S. K. GUIIA THAKU~TA Gannon Dunkerley & Company Ltd, Bombay SERI S. P. SANXARNARAYANAN ( Alternate) DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA Institution of Engineers ! India ), Calcutta SERI D. C. CHATURVEDI ( &fernatcr ) SHRI G. Raman, Director General, BlrS ( Ex-pBicio &mber ) Director ( Civ Engg ) S6Cr6tUYy SHRI N. C. BANDYOPADHYAY Joint Director ( Civ Engg ), BIS Cement, Pozzolana and Cement Additives Subcommittee, BDC 2 : 1 Canv6nn Dsr H. C. VISVI~WABAYA National Council for Cement and Buiiding Materials, New Delhi DR A. K. MULLI~E ‘: (Al&m&s to Dr H. C. Visvesvaraya ) DR ( S~E~MATI) S. LAXW J SHBI S. K. BANERJEE National Test House, Calcutta SERI N. G. BASAK Directorate General of Technical Developmmt, New Delhi SHRI T. MADNE~KWAR ( Al&nut6 ) Sam SOXNATH BANEBJEP Cement Manufacturers Association, Bombay CHIEB ENQINEER ( RESIWBOH-WY-DXRBCTO~ ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab RESEAWJH OFFICER ( CT ) ( Akwnatr ) SHRI N. B. DEEAI Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadok*ara SRIU J. K. I’aTRL ( /I&cmate ) DIRIWTOH Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nasik RESEARCH OFFICIXR ( Ahernuf6 j DIHEWOR (C Sr-MDD II) Central Water Commission, New DeIhi DEPUTY DIRIXXOR ( C & MDD II ) ( Alfcrnafc ) SHRI R. K. GATTAWI Shree Digvijay Cement Company Ltd, Bombay SHRI R. K. VAISHNAVI ( Allrrnafr ) Snnx J. SEN GUPTA National Buidings Organization, New Delhi S- aRI _ I ’. J_ . J_ Aous Associated Crmenr Companies Ltd, Bombay Dn A. K. CHATTEI~JEP, ( Alfanald? JOINT DIRE?FOP, STANDARDS (B & 5 )/CB-I Research, Designs and Standards Organization, Lu..kno?; JOINT DIRECTOX, STANDARDS ( B & S )/CB-II ( Altrmatr I 3I6 4031( Part 14) : 1989 Members Refmssnting SHBI R. L. KAPOOB Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport ), Department of Surface Transport, New Delhi S-1 R. K. DATTA ( Altm&) SHRI W. N. KABODE Hindustan Construction Company Ltd, Bombay SERIR. KUNJITHAPATTAX Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd, Paliyur, Tamil Nadu SHBIG.K. MAJUMDAB Hospital Services Consulting Corporation ( India ) Ltd, New Delhi Central Warehousing Corporation, New Delhi Development Commissioner for Cement Industry ( Ministry of Industry ) SRBI Y. R. PRULL - Central Road Research Institute ( CYIR ), New Delhi SERI M. R. CHATTERJEE (A&cm& ) Sass A. V. RAMANA Dalmia Cement ( Bharat ) Ltd, New Delhi Dn K. C. NARANO ( Altmat~ ) COL V. K. RAO Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army HPnduuarters SHBI N. S. GALANDE ( Altrrnats ) SHBI S. A. REDDI Gammon India Ltd, Bombay DR S. S. RBHSI Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee DR IREHAD MA~JOOD (Altnnate) SriaxA. U. RIJESI~~HANI Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi Snur M. P. Suvost Federation of Mini Cement Plants, New Delhi SUPEBINTENDINO ENQINICEB (D) Public Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu SENIOB DEPUTY CHIEP ENQINE~&B( GENEBA?, ) ( Altsrnots ) SHBIL. SWAROOP Orissa Cement Ltd, New Delhi SEBI H. BEATTACEABYA ( Altmatr ) Soar V. M. WAD Bhilai Steel Plant, Bhilai 4Stondsrd Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau of Zndth Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. Standard marked products are also continuously checked by BIS for conformity to that standard as a further safe- guard. TIetails of conditions under which a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.Bureau of Indian Standarda BIS is a statutory institution established undep the Burmu of Indian Standiards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. Copyright BIS has the copyright of all its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director ( Publications ), BIS. Revision of Indian Standards Indian Standards are reviewed periodically and revised, when necessary and amendments, if any, are issued from time to time. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendmehts or edition. Comments on this Indian Standard may be sent to BIS giving the following reference: Dot : No. BDC 2 ( 4620 ) Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 311 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 13 75 1 Eastern : l/14 C. I. Ti Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, Maniktola 37 86 62 CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 53 38 43 Southern :C .I .T . Campus, IV Cross Road, MADRAS 600113 235 02 16 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ) 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branches : AHMADABAD, BANGALORE, BHOPAL, BHUBANESHWAR, COIMBATORE, FARIDABAD, GHAZIABAD, GUWAHATI, HYDERABAD, JAIPUR, KANPUR, PATNA, THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Reprography Unit,BIS,New Delhi,India i
4332_4.pdf	IS:4332(PartIV)-1968 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILS’ FART IV WETTING AND DRYING, AND FREEZING AND THAWING TESTS FOR COMPACTED SOILCEMENT MtXTURES Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chairman Representing PBOFS.R.MEEBA Ce~t~~lht6ad Research Institnte ( CSIR ), New Members SEBI B. B. L. BEATNAQAR Land Reolametion, Irrigation & Power Research Institute, Amritsar SHRI K. C. CHANDIOK All Iadie Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Rombsy SHRI VED PRAKASH ( Alternate ) Sasr K. N. DADINA In personal capacity ( P-820 New Alipore, Calcutta 53 ) SH~I A. C. DASTIDAB Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay SHEI J. DATT Concrete Association of India, Bombay SH~I T. M. MENON ( Alternate ) SHEI R. L. DEWAN Bihar Institute of Hydraulic and Allied Research, Khagsul, Patnn PROF DINESH MOHAN Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR ), Roorkee - SHRI D. R. NARAHA~I ( Alternate ) DIRECTOB,C ENTRAL SOIL MECEIA-C entral Water and Power Commission, New Delhi NICSR ESEARCHS TATION DIRECTO’R( DAMS II ) ( Alternate ) SHRI R. N. DO~RA Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi EXECIJT~VE ENQINEER ( SOIL Concrete and Soil Research Laboratory, Madras MECHANICS AND RESEARCH DIVISION ) SHRI B. N. GUPTA Irrigation.Research Institute, Roorkee &RI S. N. GUPTA Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DR JAoDrsH NARAIN University of Roorkee, Roorkee JOINT DIXECTOR, RESEARCH Railway Board (Ministry of Railways) ( FE ), RDSO DEPUTY DIR~TOR, RE- SEARCH( SOIL MECHANICS), RDSO ( Alternate ) SHRI 5. S. JOSHI Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters SHRI S. VAR.~DARAJA( Alternate ) ( Continued on puge 2 ) INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHIIS:4332( PartIV)- 1968 ( Conrinued from page 1) Members Representing Sa3u 0. P. MALEOT~A Public Works Department, Oovcrnmont of Punjab SHBI C. B. PATEL 5%.N . Dsstur & Co ( Private ) Ltd, Calcutta SHBI PBITAX SIN~H Indian National Society of soil &chanics & Foundation Enginering, New Delhi REPBESENTATIVE Engineering Research Department, Hyderabsd REPBESENTATIVE Public Works ,( Special Roads ) Directorate, Government of West Bengal RESEA~CE OFFICER Buildings and Roads Research Laboratory, Chandigarh SH~I S. N. SINHA Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport & Shipping ) SHRI A. S. BISHNOI ( Alternate ) SARI C. G. SWAMINATHAN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SBRI D. N. TEKCAANDANI National Buildings Orgenisetion, New Delhi SHRI B. S. BHATTI ( Alternate ) DR H. L. UPPAL Centrr;h,Roed Research Institute ( CSIR ), New SHRI H. G. VER~A Public Works Department, Government of Utter Pradesh SARI D. C. CHATURVEDI( Alternote ) SRRI R. NAGARAJAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officio Member ) . Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI G. RAMAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ). IS1 Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23 : 3 Convener DR II. L. UPPAL Central Road Resrrlrch Institute ( CSIR ), New Delhi Members PROFALAM SIXTH University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur YIIRIT . N. BHAR~AVA Roads Wing ( Ministry of Transport & Shipping ) SHRI A. S. BISHNOI ( Alternate ) SHRI R. L. DEWAN Bihar Institute of Hydraulic and Allied Research, Khagnul, Pntna DIRECTOR ( CENTRAL SOIL ME- Central Water and Power Commission, New Delhi CHANIC‘SR ESEARCHS TATION) DIRECTOR( DA&ISI I ) ( Alternate ) SHRI H. K. GUHA Geologists Syndicate Private Limited, Calcutta SBRI N. N. BAATTACHARYYA ( Afternafe ) SHRI 0. P. MALn0rn~ Buildings end Roads Research Laboratory, Chandigarh DR I. S. UPPAL ( Alternate ) Sum D. H. SARAHARI Central Building Rescnrch Institute ( CSIR ), Roorhee SHRI G. S. JAIN ( Alternate ) SHRI MAEADIR PRA~.W Public Works Department, Government of Utter Pradesh SHRI H. C. VERNA Associated Instrument Manufacturers ( India ) Private Limited, New Delhi DR S. VISWANATHAX ( Alternate ) 2ls:4332(PartIV)-1968 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILS PART IV WElTlNG AND DRYING, AND FREEZING AND THAWING TESTS FOR COMPACTED SOIL-CEMENT MIXTURES 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part IV ) was adopted by the Indian Stan- dards Institution on 5 April 1968, after the draft finalized by the Soil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Soil stabilization is the permanent alteration of any property of the soil to improve its engineering performance. One of the methods of stabilization is to add cement to soil and then compact the mixture at the required moisture content. For evaluating the improvement obtained by stabilization standard methods of tests are required and these are being published in parts. This part [ IS : 4332( Part IV )] lays down the method for determining the effect of wetting and drying, and freezing and thawing on compacted specimens of cement stabiliz- ed soil. 0.3 In the, formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices pre- vailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in this field in this country. This has been met by basing the standard on the following publications: ASTM D 559-57 ( 1965 ) Standard methods for wetting and drying tests of compacted soil-cement mixtures. 1967 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 11. ASTM D 560-57 ( 1965 ) Standard methods for freezing and thawing tests of compacted soil-cement mixtures. 1967 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 11. 0.4 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. Rules for roundingo ff numerical values ( revised ). 3IS:4332(PartIV)-1968 SECTION I WEAVING ~140 DRYING TEST 1. SCOPE 1.1 Section 1 of this standard ( Part IV ) covers the procedure for determining the soil-cement losses, moisture changes, and volume changes ( swell and shrinkage ) produced by repeated wetting and dry- ing of hardened soil-cement specimens. 2. APPARATUS 2.1 Cylindrical Metal Moold - of 1000 ml capacity satisfying the requirements specified in IS : 4332 ( Part III )-1967. 2.2 Metal Rammer - of weight 2.6 kg f 25 g satisfying the rrquircments specified in IS : 4332 ( Part III )-1967. 2.3 Sample Extruder - a jack, lever frame or other device adopted for the purpose of extruding compacted specimens frqm the mould. 2.4 Balances 7 one of capacity 10 kg, sensitive to 1 g, and another of capacity 1 kg, sensitive to 0.1 g. 2.5 Oven - thermostatically controlled with interior of non-corroding material to maintain temperature between 105” and 110°C. 2.6 Container - any suitable non-corrodible air-tight container to determine the moisture content. 2.7 Moist Chamber - a moist chamber or suitable covered container capable of maintaining a temperature of 2.5” to 30°C and a relative humidity of 100 percent for 7-day storage of compacted specimens. 2.8 Water-Bath - a suitable tank for submerging compacted specimens in water at room temperature of 25” to 30°C. 2.9 Wire-Scratch Brush - made of 50 x 1.6 mm flat 0.45 mm thick wire bristles assembled in 50 groups of 10 bristles each and mounted to form 5 longitudinal rows and 10 transverse rows of bristles on a 190 x 65 mu1 hardwood block. 2.10 Steel Straightedge-about 30 cm in length and having one bevelled edge. 2.11 Sieves - 20-mm and 4.75.-mm IS Sieves colif;)rmin# to [he rrquil.c.- ments of IS : 460-1962-t. Methods of t,est for stehilized soils: Part III Teat for dutem~ination of mhture content-dry density relation for stehilizrtl soil mixtures. tSpeoification for test siows ( ~~visetf ). 4IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1968 2.12 Mixing Tools - Miscellaneous tools, such as mixing pan, and tro- wel or a suitable mechanical device for thoroughly mixing the soil with cement and water ( for mechanical device, see IS : 1727-1967 ). 2.13 Scar&r - a suitable tool to remove the smooth compaction plane at the top of the first and second layers of the specimen. 2.14 Measuring Device - suitable for ac?urately measuring the heights nnd diameters of test specimens to the nearest 0.2 mm. 2.15 Graduated Glass Cylinder -of 250-ml capacity for measuring water. 3. PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMPLE AND SPECIMENS FOR TEST 3.1 Preparation of Material for Moulding Specimens 3.1.1 The soil sample shall be prepared in accordance with the pro- Ledure described in 5.1 and 5.2 of IS : 4332 ( Part III )-1967t. 3.1.2 A sufficient quantity of the soil sample prepared in accordance with 3.1.1 should be selected to provide four (see Note ) compacted specimens and required moisture samples. NOTE - Usually two specimens ( identified as No. 3 and 4 ) are required for routine testing. The other specimens ( identified as No. 1 and 2 ) &TOm ade for research work and for testing unusual soils. 3.1.3 The soil, potable water and required amount of cement con- forming to IS 269-1967$ or IS : 455-1967s shall be mixed as specified in IS : 4332 ( Part I )-196711. The mixture should be broken up without reducing the natural size of individual particles. 3.2 Preparation of Specimens 3.2.1 The spccimzns shall be formed by immediately compacting the soil-cement mixture in the mould (with the collar attached ) and later trimming the specimens in accordance with IS : 4332 ( Part III )-1967t. In addition the tops of the first and second layers shall be scarified to remove smooth compaction planes before placing and compacting the succeeding layers. This scarification shall form groove? at right angles Methods of test for pozzolanic materials ( first revision ). lMethods of test for stabilized soils: Part III Test for determination of moisture content-dry density relation for stabilized soil mixtures. fSpecificat,ion for ordinary, rapid-hardening and low heat Portland cement ( second revision ). &Specification for portlana blastfurnace slag cement ( second revision ). @lethods of test for etahilized soils: Part I Method of sampling and preparation of stabilized soils for testing. 5IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1968 to each other approximately 3 mm in width and 3 mm in depth and approximately 6 mm apart. 3.2.2 During compaction, a representative sample of the soil- cement mixture weighing not less than 100 g shall be taken from the batch and its moisture content determined in accordance with IS : 4332 ( Part II )-1967. 3.2.3 The compacted specimens shall be weighed with the mould. The specimens shall then be removed from the mould. The oven-dry density in g/ems shall be calculated. The specimens shall be identified suitably as No. 1 and 2. These specimens may be used toobtain data on moisture and volume changes during the test. 3.2.4 Two more specimens shall be similarly formed and their moisture content and dry density determined. These specimens shall be identified as No. 3 and 4 and used to obtain data on soil-cement losses during the test. 3.2.5 The average diameter and height of specimens No. 1 and 2 shall be measured and their volume shall be determined. 3.2.6 All the four specimens shall be placed on suitable carriers in the moist chamber and protected from free water for a period of seven days. 3.2.7 Specimens No. 1 and 2 should be weighed and measured at the end of the seven-day period to provide data for calculating their moisture content and volume ( see Note). NOTE -If is important that all height and diameter measurements be accurate to within 0’2 mm and be taken at the same points on the specimen at all times. 4. PROCEDURE FOR THE WETTING AND DRYING TEST 4.1 At the end of the storage in the moist room, the specimens shall be submerged in potable water at room temperature for a period of 5 h and removed. Specimens No. 1 and 2 shall be weighed and their dimensions measured. 4.2 All four specimens shall then be placed in an oven at 70°C for 42 h and removed. Specimens No. 1 and 2 shall be weighed and their dimensions measured again. 4.3 Specimens No. 3 and 4 shall be given two firm strokes on all areas with the wire-scratch brush. The brush shall be held with the long axis ofthe brush parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen or parallel Methods of test for stabilized soils: Part II Deter&ination of moisture content of stabilized soil mixtures. 6IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1968 to the ends as required to cover all areas of the specimen. These strokes shall be applied to full height and width of the specimen with a firm stroke corresponding to approximately I4 kgf. For measurement of pressure (see Note ) 18 to 20 vertical brush strokes may be ‘required to cover the sides of the specimen twice and four strokes may be required at each end. NOTE- A specimen should be clamped in a vertical position on the edge of a platform scale. Vertical brushing strokes should he applied to the specimen and the force necessary to register approximately 1’4 kg noted. 4.4 The procedures described in 4.1 to 4.3 constitute one cycle ( 48 h ) of wetting and drying. The specimens shall again be submerged in water and the procedure continued for 12 cycles. NOTE -Weight determinations of specimens No. 3 and 4 before and after brushing may be made at the end of each cycle when conducting research and making special investigat.ions. 4.5 Testing of No. 1 and 2 specimens may be discontinued prior to 12 cycles should the measurements become inaccurate due to soil-cement loss of the specimen. NOTE -If it is not possible to run the cycles continuously because of Sundays, holidays or for any other reason, the specimens should be held in the oven during the layover period if possible. 4.6 After 12 cycles of test, the specimens shall be dried to constant weight at 110°C and weighed to determine the oven-dry weight of the specimens. , 4.7 The data collected will permit calculations of volume and moisture changes of specimens No. 1 and 2 and the soil-cement losses of speci- mens No. 3 and 4 after the prescribed 12 cycles of test. 5. CALCULATIONS 5.1 The volume and moisture changes and the soil-cement losses of the specimeni should be calculated as in 5.1.1 and 5.1.4. 5.1.1 For specimsns No. 1 and 2 the difference between the volumes of specimens at the time of moulding and subsequent volumes as a per- centage of the original volume should be calculated. 5.1.2 The moisture content of specimens No. 1 and 2 at the time of moulding and subsequent moisture contents should bz calculated as a percentage of the original oven-dry weight of the specimen. 5.1.3 The oven-dry weight of specimens No. 3 and 4 as obtained in 4.6 shall be corrected for water that has reacted with the cement and 7IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1968 soil during the test and is retained inthe specimen at ll,WC, as follows: Corrected oven-dry weight = (IW+W;OO) x loo where W, = oven-dry weight after drying at llO”C, and w = percentage of water retained in specimen. ’ The percentage of water retained in the specimens No. 3 and 4 after drying at 110°C for use in the above formula may be assumed to be equal to the average percentage of water retained in specimens No. 1 and 2. 5.1.4’The soil cement loss of specimens MO. 3 and 4 shall be calculat- ed as a percentage of the original oven-dry weight of the specimen as follows: A Soil cement loss, percent = B x loo where A = original calculated oven-dry weight minus final corrected oven-dry weight, and B = original calculated oven-dry weight. 6. REPORT 6.1 The report should include the following: a ) The designed optimum moisture and maximum density of the moulded specimens. b) The moisture content and density obtained in moulded speci- mens ( see Note ). NOTE - Good laboratory practice permits the following tolerances between design values and those obtained in the moulded specimen: Moisture content f 1 percentage point Density f 0.05 g/cm8 c) The designed cement content, in percent, of the moulded specimens. d ) The cement content, in percent, obtained in moulded specimens. e) The maximum volume change, in percent, and maximum mois- ture content during test of specimens No. 1 and 2. f) The soil-cement loss, in percent, of specimens No. 3 and 4. 8IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1%8 SECTION 2 FREEZING AND THAWING TEST 7. SCOPE 7.1 Section 2 of this standard ( Part IV ) qovers the procedure for deter- mining the soil-cement losses, moisture changes and volume changes (swell and shrinkage) produced by repeated freezing and thawing of hardened soil-cement specimens. 8. APPARATUS 8.1 The apparatus required is the same as described in 2 except the water-bath described in 2.8. In addition the equipment described in 8.2 and 8.3 are also required. 8.2 Freezing Cabinet - capable of maintaining temperature of - 23°C or lower. 8.3 Absorptive Pads - 5 mm thick felt pads, blotters or similar absorp- tive material for placing between specimens and specimen carriers. 9. PREPARATION OF SOIL SAMPLE AND SPECIMENS FOR TEST 9.1 The s\jil sample and specimens shall be prepared in accordanc’e with the procedure laid down in 3. 10. PROCEDURE FOR THE FREEZING AND THAWING TEST IO.1 At the end of the storage in the moist room, water saturated felts about 5 mm thick, blotters or similar absorptive material shall be placed between the specimens and the carriers. The assembly shall be placed in a freezing cabinet having a constant temperature not warmer than -23°C for 24 h and removed. The No. 1 and 2 specimens shall be weighed and measured. 10.2 The assembly should then be placed in the moist chamber or suit- ably covered container having a temperature of 25” to 30°C and a relative humidity of 100 percent for 23 h and removed. Free potable water shall be made available to the absorbent pads under the speci- mens to permit the specimens to absorb water by capillary action during the thawing period. The No. 1 and 2 specimens shall be measured and weighed. 10.3 Specimens No. 3 and 4 shall be given two firm strokes on all areas with the wire-scratch brush. The brush shall be held with the long axis of the brush parallel to the longitudinal axis of the specimen or parallel to the ends as required to cover all areas of the specimen. , 9IS : 4332 ( Part IV ) - 1968 The strokes shall be applied to the full height and width of the speci- men with a firm stroke corresponding to approximately 1.4 kgf (see Note under 4.3 ). Eighteen to twenty vertical brush strokes are requir- ed to cover the sides of the specimen twice and four strokes are requir- ed on each end. 10.4 After being brushed, the specimens shall be turned over end for end before they are placed on the water saturated pads. 10.5 The procedures described in 10.1 to 10.4 constitute one cycle (48 h ) of freezing and thawing. The specimens shall be placed in the freezing cabinet and the procedure continued for 12 cycle. NOTE - Weight determinations of specimens No. 3 and 4 before and after brushing are usually made at the end of each cycle when conducting research and making special investigations. Some Specimens made of silty and clayey soils tend to scale on sider and ends particularly after about the sixth cycle of test. This scale shall b:, removed with a ~hnrp pointed iwtrument since the regular brlishing may not ha eKectiv0. 10.6 The No. 1 and 2 specimens may be discontinued prior to 12 cycles should the measurements become inaccurate due to soil-cement loss of the specimen. 10.7 After 12 cycles of test, the specimens shall be dried to constant weight at 110°C and weighed to determine the oven-dry weight of the specimens. 10.8 The data collected will permit calculations c f volume ar,d moisture changes of specimens No. 1 and 2 and the soil-cement losses of speci- melis No. 3 and 4 afte:. the prescribed 12 cycles of test. 11. CALCULATIONS 11.1 The volume and moisture changes and the soil-cement losses of the specimens should be calculated as given in 5. 12. REPORT 12.1 The report should include the details given in 6. 10AMENDMENT NO.,1 AUGUST 1983 TO IS:4332(Part 4).1968 METHODS OF TEST FOR / STABILIZEDS OILS PART 4 WETTING AND DRYING, AND FREEZING AND THAWING TESTS FOR COMPACTESDO IL-CEMENTM IXTURES Alterations ---m-c (Pqe 9, cZfmse8 8.1 and 2.2) - Substitute the following for the existing clauses: '2.1 alindrical Metal Mould - shall conform to Is:ioo76-ig82~.------- 2.2 Metal Rammer - shall conform to Is:g198-19"fgff m-m---- (Page 4, ci!ame 2.21, line 2) - Substitute ‘Is:46o(~‘art 1)-lg78’ fur ‘Is:46o-u62+‘. (Page 4, foot-notesw ith I and t’ marks) - Substitute the following for the existing foot- notes: 'Speciiication for compaction mould assembly for .light and heavy compaction test for soils. +Specification for compaction rammer for soil testing. &?pecification for test sieves: Part 1 Wire cloth 4 test sieves (second reuision).' (Page 5, clause 3.1.3; line 2) - Substitute '1s:269-1976$ or 1~:455-19'76 for 'Is:26+196T$ or Is: 4yxg6Tt’. f&i >’ j& > t,- i(Page 5, fOOt4Ote8 with ‘$’ and ‘0’ mrks) - Substitute the folloving for the existing foot- notes: 'Specification for ordinary and lov heat Portland - cement (third revision). fSpecification for Portland slag cement (third revision). 1 Reprography Unit, ISI, Nev Delhi, India
4101_2.pdf	IS : 4101( Part II ) - 1967 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EXTERNAL FACINGS AND VENEERS PART II CEMENT CONCRETE FACING ( First Reprint AUGUST 1990 ) UDC 69.022.324:693.69:691.32 0 Copyrigh 1967 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC NEW DELHI 110002 Cr5 October 1967IS : 4101( Part II ) - 1967 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EXTERNAL FACINGS AND VENEERS PART II CEMENT CONCRETE FACING Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee, BDC 13 Chairnmn Rcpresenfiag SHRI N. G. DEWAN Central Public Works Department Members ADDITIONAL DIRECTOX STAND- Railway Board ( Ministry of Railways ) ARDB ( ARCHITECTURE ). RDSO DEPUTY DIRECTOR STAXD- ARDS ( ARCEITECTURE ), RDSO ( Alternote ) SHRI B. V. APTE Builders’ Association of India, Bombay SHRI IL 3. SAPRA ( Alternate ) SHFU J. P. J. BILIMORIA Indian Institute of Architects, Bombay CHIEF ARCHITECT AND TOWN Central Public Works Dopnrtment PLANNER CHIEFSE NGINEER National Buildings Construction Corporation Ltd, New Delhi - CEIE~. ENQINEER I B & R 1 Public Works ‘Department. Government of Rajasthan - ’ EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( DESIGN AND SPEOIYIO DIVISION ) ( Alternate ) SHBI B. K. CHOK~I In personal capacity (M 60, Cusrow Bag, Bombay I ) SHRI V. S. DEVDHAR Institute of Surveyors, New Delhi PROP DINESH MOHAN Central Building Research Institute (CSIR ), Roorkee - DIRECTOR Engineering Research Department, Hydorabad SHBI C. M. GOVEAS Atomic Energy Commission, Bombay; and Brick and Tile. Floor and Roof Construction Sub- committee, BDC 13 : 11, IS1 SERI HAEUSH CHANDRA Masonry Construction Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 7, ISI Saab S. B. JOSHI S. B. Joshi & Co Ltd, Bombay Saar R. N. JOSHI ( AIIernale ) SERI V. S. KAMAT Hindustan Construction c/o Ltd, New Delhi SERI KEWAL KRISIIAN Public Works Department, Government of Punjab; and Soil Construction Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 8, IS1 ( Continued on page 2 ) BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MAR0 NEW DELHI llOOU2IS : 4101 (Part II ) - 1967 ( Continuedfrom page 1 ) Members Representing SJIRI N. J. MASANK Forest Research Institute 6% Colleges, Debra Dun; $Fin~Sy Engineering Subcommittee, BDC SIIHI T. R. MEHANDRU Institriti& of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta Sum K. K. NAMLKIAR Concrete Association of India, Bombay; and Concrete Construotion Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 9, IS1 SHRI B. T. UNWALLA Concrete Association of India, Bombay ( Alternate ) SHRI C. B. PATEL National Buildings Organisation ( Ministry of Works & Housing ); and Expansion Joints Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 14, IS1 SHRI AHUJA National Buildings Organisation ( Ministry of ( ANertZte jD’ Works 8; Housing ) SHRI D. J. PATEL Hindustan Housing Factory Ltd, New Delhi SHRI M. L. RAI~IZJA Engineer-in-Chief’s Branoh, Army Headquarters SHRI H. V. MIRCHANDANI - ( Alternate ) SHRI N. S. L. RAO Covering, Veneering and Glazing Suboommittee, BDC 13 : 10, ISI SIIRI J. D. SIIASTRI Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi Sum T.N. SULWARAO Gammon India Ltd, Bombay SHRI I’. M. APTE ( Alternate ) SUPERINTENDING EN~INIEER Public Works Department, Government of Madras ( PLANNING AND DESIQNS ) EXEOUTIVE ENCXNEER ( BUILDINO CENTRE DIVI- 610~ ) ( Alternate, ) SHRI R. NA~ARAJAN, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-officio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg ) Secretary SHRI s. P. RAMAN Deputy Director ( Civ Engg), IS1 Covering, Veneering and Glazing Subcommittee, BDC 13 : 10 Convener SHRI N. 5. L. RAO Central Public Works Department Members SERI K. C. BANEIZJE E Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta SHRI K. BARUA Publio Works Department, Qovernment of Aeeam DR BEAN BHUSRAN Central Glass & Ceramic Research Institute ( CSIR ), Calcutta Sam M. BWATTAOHARYYA Martin Burn Ltd, CalCUtt8 SHRI J. DATT Concrete Aesociation of Indie, Bombay EXEOUTIVE EXVGIINEER( DESI- Public Worke Depertment, Government of Went QNS DIV No. II ) Bengel ( Continued on page 17 ) LIS : 4101( Part II ) - 1967 Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR EXTERNAL FACINGS AND VENEERS PART II CEMENT CONCRETE FACING 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part II ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 March 1967, after the draft finalized by the Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee had been approv- ed by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Concrete slabs with different colours, textures and finishes provide possibilities for a wide range of architectural treatment for external facing and are particularly suited for wide scale adoption in multi-storey constructions. While finishes with natural materials like stone slabs are restricted by the availability of suitable stones and the dressing possible for facing, the concrete finishes can bc made, in order to obtain a wide range of textures and colours. The manufacture and marketing of white cement in this country IIOW has considerably expanded the applicability of concrete to facing work, 0.2.1 However, it may not be enough to make the concrete blocks and slabs in the same manner as for interior work since when exposed to action of weather, the dimensional changes are much more and concrete has got to be carefully designed to accommodate this. Speci- ally made facing blocks or slabs are necessary for this purpose. The techniques of fixing concrete facing slabs also have made several advancements with regard to fixing devices and their arrangements, jointing mortar, etc, and their selection with regard to exposure condi- tions and also with regard to types of units with which they are used. Part II of this code is intended to provide guidance with regard to selection of materials and fixing techniques for facing with.concrete slabs; Part I covers stone facing and only such techniques which are considered to be feasible for adoption in this country under the present conditions have been included. 0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevail- ing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. 3IS : 4101( Part II ) - 1967 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculat- ed, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part II ) covers fixing of cement concrete facing which may be in the form of’precast concrete facing blocks or slab units. 1.2 This standard does not cover the fixing of prefabricated panels of plaster rendering mosaic or terrazzo. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. 2.1 Combing - The process of graining done with a flexible toothed metal plate. 2.2 Facing - Where different parts of the, wall thickness are composed of different materials or grades of materials, facing refers to the outer part of the wall, composed of one material or grade of material and held to the other part ( backing ) by bonding or mechanical anchors or both. 2.3 Hardening Shrinkage -The shrinkage that occurs in a freshly made precast concrete unit during the period of drying to maturity. 2.4 Joint Sealing Compound - A material used by itself or in conjunc- tion with mortar or other material for making the joints watertight. 2.5 Mastic -A general term for any substance which remains pliable, used for adhesive compounds and joint sealing compounds. 2.6 Starey Level Support - The support given to facings at storey levels, SO that there is not a tendency to continuous load transfer from the top facings of the building down to those at ground level. 3. NECESSARY INFORMATION 3.1 For the efficient planning, design and execution of external facing or veneering work, detailed information with regard to the following Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised). 4IS : 4101( Part II) - 1967 shall b&‘furnished to those responsible for external facing and veneering work: a) Dimensional details of the walls to be faced or veneered; type and conditions of backing to which the facings are to be attached; W The method of attachment, namely, whether the facing should be independently supported or may be attached rigidly to the backings; Cl Location and details of openings, chases, drainage pipes, service lines, etc, to be embedded; and 4 Any special precaution with regard to design tihich are to be taken into account depending upon the local climatic and other conditions. 3.2 All information shall be made available to those who.are responsi- ble for the facing work, necessary drawings and instructions for planning work shall also be furnished. 3.3 Arrangements shall also be made for the proper exchange of infor- mation between those engaged in facing work and all those whose work will. effect or will be effected. 4. MATERIALS 4.1 Precast concrete facing concrete blocks shall conform generally to the requirements of IS : 2185-1962* and in addition shall have special treatment in regard to durability, colour and surface textures for the exposed facing. NOTE - Where the blocks 8re manufactured in 8 horizontal core machine 8 Bpeciel face mix admired with 8 waterproofing compound shall be cast integrally with the body of the block, both mixes hsving 8pproximately the same moisture movement. Where the blocks are’ manufactured in 8 vertical core mschine, combing marks 8re made on one face of the blocks after they are taken out of the mould end Bubaequently this face is treated with 8 special face mix ‘admixed with 8 weterprooflng compound. If the COBt iB not prohibitive, 8 richer mix admixed with 8 waterproofing compound mey be used throughout in the facing blocks. 4.1.1 The size commonly adopted for concrete facing slabs will be 60 x 40 x 3 cm. The face finish of slabs shall also be adequately waterproofed. 4.1.2 For obtaining various colours in the admixtures, reference may be made to IS : 2114-1962t in which information regarding the pigments to be used in concrete mixes are also covered, The textures and Specification for lood besring hollow concrete blocks. tCode of practice for laying in situ cement concrete flooring. 5IS : 4101( Part II) - 1967 patterns that are obtainable in precast concrete blocks are innumerable and some of the popular patterns are the following: a) Chequered rubber mat, b) Corrugated surface, c) Two-colour chequered patterns, I’d) Multi-colour mosaic patterns, and e) Canvas texture. 4.1.2.1 Some of the well-known textures are the following: Smooth trowel finish, Wood float finish, Cork float finish, Scraped surface finish, Rubber sponge float finish, Sand surface face down finish (see also IS : 2402-1963 ). Pebble dash finish, Rough cast finish, and Cast-stone finish. 4.1.2.2 Further information about various finishes is given in IS : 2402-1963. 4.2 The material for cramps shall have high resistance to corrosion under conditions of dampness and against the chemical action of mortar or concrete in which cramps are usually embedded, 4.2.1 The cramps may be of copper, alloyed with zinc, tin, nickel and aluminium or stainless steel. 4.2.2 Aluminium alloy H 9 in W condition ( see IS : 733-1956t ) may also be used for cramps. 4.3 Metal Angle Supports -Metal steel angles used for metal angle supports shall be clean of mill-scale and loose rust after fabrication and shall be given a protective coat preferably in the form of galvanizing. or with at least two coats of appropriate paint as specified in IS: 1477 ( Part I )-1959$ and IS : 1477 ( Part II )-19635. Non-corrosive brass angles will be preferable. Code of practice for external rendered Bnishes. tSpecification for wrought aluminium 8nd aluminium elloys, bars, rods and sections. $Code of practice for finishing of ferrous metals in buildings: Painting and allied 5nishes: Part I Operations and workmanship. (Code of practice for finishing of ferrous metals in buildings: Painting and allied finishes: Part II Schedules and equipment. 6-- IS - 4101 ( Part II ) : 1967 4.4 Mortar Materials 4.4.1 Cement -Cement used for making mortar for bedding joint shall be of ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS : 269-1958* or IS: 455-19627 or IS: 1489-19621. 4.4.2 Sand - shall conform to IS : 2116-1965s. 4.4.3 Lime - shall conform to IS : 712-196411. 4.4.4 SURKHI -shall conform to IS : 1344-19591. 4.4.5 The water shall be clean and free from injurious amounts of deleterious materials. 5. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5.1 Structural Design 5.1.1 The structural design of facings and their attachments must be able to withstqnd, without damaging the pushing and pulling effect of positive and negative air pressures got by winds. For design data with regard to wind loads reference may be made to IS : 875-1964*. 5.1.2 In the case of cramp-supported facings, the stresses induced by weight of the ficings shall also be codsidered in the design of the cramps or other attachments. 5.2 Types of Facing and Methods of Attachment - Facings and veneer- ings may be of two types: 4 Attached facings for use with backing only as a safe means of attachment without essentially contributing to the stability or load bearing properties of the wall, and b) Integrally reacting facings which are bonded with the backing and contribute to the structural stability and strength of the wall. 5.2.1 Methods of attachment of facings may be any one of the following: a) Using cramps to hold the fa’cing units in position only, the weight of the unit being transferred to the facing unit beneath; or Specification for ordinary, repid-hardening nnd low heat Portland cement. tspecificaticn for Portland blast furnace slag cement. $SpeciAcation for Portland-pozzolana cement. @peoificetion for sand for mesonry mortar. #pecificetion for building limes ( revised). nSpeci5cation for SURKHI for use in mortar and concrete. *Code of preotice for structural safety of buildings: Loading standards (revised). 7IS : 4101 (Part II) - 1967 b) Using cramps to hold the units in position and in, addition ’ to support the units thus transferring the weight of the unit to the backing; or c) The facing unit may contain projections which mechanically bond into the backing and support the unit; or d) By means of masonry bond or keying to the backing; or e) By combinationspf the above methods. 5.2.2 Where cramps are used to hold the unit in position only, the facings shall be provided with a continuous support on which they rest at the ground level and other storey levels, the :support being in the form of projection from or recess in the concrete floor slab, or a beam between the columns or a metal angle attached to the floor slab or beams. These supports shail preferably occur at vertical intervals not more than 3.5 m apart and also over the heads of all open- ings. Such supports shall also be provided where there is a transition from thin facings below the thicker facings fixed above. NOTE -Generally the week point about faoing of high walls with low transmitting facing slabs will be the dependence of the whole upon the performance of each unit. The failure to hold a slab properly in position by accidental omission of a faulty cramp or a faihre in an imperfect facing, ebo, may result in collapse of many facinga above and around the point of failure. To obviate this risk intermediate supports for facings will be essential. However, the streeees set up in the lower most facings as a result of accumulation of the load will normally be of such an order that can be borne by the material. 5.2.3 Staggering - Staggering of vertical joints may also preferably be adopted to reduce the danger of wholesale collapse. 5.3 Supporting by Projecting -Supporting by means of projections which may mechanically bond into the facing is a common method of attaching concrete facing units. Projecting portions must be reinforced to prevent failures. In areas of severe exposure the reinforcement of the concrete shaI1 have enough cover to minimize the risk of corrosion and section spoiling. 5.4 Supporting by Cramps - Facing blocks or slab units shall be support- ed by means of cramps for its stability. Cramps may be attached to its sides (see A and B in Fig. 1 ) or at top and bottom (see C, D, E and F in Fig. 1 ) or to its sides, top and bottom ( see G and H in Fig. 1) or in its centre ( see J in Fig. 1 ). 5.4.1 The position and number of cramps shall be fixed with regard to the facing type, size and weight of units and the condition of workmanship obtainable in the particular situation. The minimum number of cramps required for fixing facing unit to the wall are illustrated in Fig. 1. These minimum requirements should be modified in accordance with the situation. 8. A C E Side attachment Top and bottom Top and bottom attachment attachment B D F H Side attachment Top and bottom Top and bottoti Side, top and bottom attachment attachment attachment XOTE - Cramps shown in disgrsms ‘A-J's rer rrahged for facings with the longer sides vertical. For fading8 havipg the longer sides horizontal, crsmps would be positioned to suit the altered proportions of the facings. FIG. 1 DIAGRAMMATIC ARRA,NCEMENTS OF CRAMPSF OR ATTACHING FACINGST O BACKINGW ALLIS : 4101( Part II) - 1967 5.42 Side Attachment -For horizontal joints of double joggle or grouted core type one cramp shall be attached to the both sides of facing (see A in Fig. 1 ). Alternatively, two cramps shall be attached to one side of facing and one cramp to the other side (see B in Fig. 1). 5.4.3 Top and Bottom Attachment - Two cramps at top and one at bottom of facing shall be attached in case the bottom cramps are unsuitable for bearing load ( see C in Fig. 1); where bottom cramps are in position to bear load, two cramps at bottom and one at top shall be attached (see D in Fig. 1 ). For making arrangement, more simpler, two double cramps shall be attached at bottom and top of the facing block ( see E in Fig. 1). In case vertical joints are grouted and cramps carry no weight, two double cramps shall be attached one at bottom and the other at the top (see F in Fig. 1 ). 5.4.4 Side, Top and Bottom AttaChment - Three cramps shall be attached to the facing block to have more security for holding; out of three, two shall be double cramps and one single cramp. Single cramp shall be attached at the top atid double cramps shall be attached to both the sides (see G in Fig. 1 ). If single cramp is attached to its side and double cramps are attached to the top and bottom, the arrangement will be unsuitable for bearing load unless an extra cramp is fixed at horizontal joint ( see H in Fig. 1 ). 5.4.5 Centre Attachment -One central holding cramp shall be suitable for horizontal joints of double joggle or grouted core type (see J in Fig. 1 ). This arrangement is only specified for precast materials. 5.5 Joints -The joints between facing units may be finished flush, tuck, ruled, square, weathered-struck or rebated, as in Fig. 2. Where expansion joints are formed in the general structure or backing walls, these joints shall also be carried through the facing. 5.5.1 TO make the joints weather tight, normally composite mortar cement lime sand 1 : 1 : 6 will be found satisfactory. . NOTE -Special joint sealing compounda which have greater elasticity than masonry mortar and better durability are used in other countries but these compounds are not generatly available in this country. 5.5.2 For prevention of travel of moisture from the backing to the facing where such trouble is envisaged, sometimes it may be useful to attach the facing unit with only dabs of mortar instead with applica- tion of mortar to the whole of the ,backing. However, this procedure will have disadvantages compared to solid filling, such as less piotec- tion against impact, tendency to warping and less security of cramp fixing. 10IS : 4101 (Part II ) - 1967 5.5.3 Use of string courses or other features for deflecting water from the face of high buildings will considerably reduce the incidence of moisture penetration both at the joints and at the facing unit. How- ever, a vertical and horizontal joints around such features shall be properly sealed with a waterproofing compound. NOTE - Generally bitumens of Grade 260 to 500 will be suitable-for such seal. ing ( see also IS : 1834-1961 ). 6. FIXING PRECAST CONCRETE SLAB FACINGS 6.1 The facings can be fixed with butt joints, single and double joggled joints or grouted joints as illustrated in Fig. 2, 3 and 4. 6.2 When the backing wall is of in situ concrete it will be of advantage to use dovetailed non-corrosive metal channels cast vertically in the backing wall in which one end of the cramps fit, the other end being cranked or drilled for dowells, the cramps being set into the channel as the fixing proceeds. 6.3 Use of Butt Joints 6.3.1 Butt joint is the simplest form of joints and may be used when the facing unit has a projection into a backing to provide mechanical bond. 6.3.2 It may also be used when it has no such projection with the following arrangements: a) The weight of the facing unit is transmitted to the facing unit under it and the facing unit is attached to the backing with mortar only ( see Al in Fig. 4 ). b) The weight of the facing units is transmitted to the filcing unit below but the facing unit is attached to the backirlg by means of flat cramps and by mortar. The split end 01 the cramp shall be fixed to the facing u&t by making a groove in it ( see A2 in Fig. 4 ). c) Part of the weight of the facing unit is transmitted directly to the backing by means of a rag bolt ( see A3 in Fig. 4 ). 6.4 Single Joggled Joint - In the case of single joggled joints when side cramps are used they need only be single cramp as, one side of the cramp is already held in position. The. positionill g of single cramp . will be easier than that of double cramps in practice (see 82 and B3 in Fig. 4). Where lec$ed type of facing is used in coljjunction with an inverted single-joggle Joint, probably cramps may not be necessary and the joint shall be as shown in Fig. 5. -p--_ *Specification for hot applied ceiling compound for joints in concrete. 11IS : 4101 ( Part II ) - 1967 3 A TYPICAL FIXING DETAIL OF CRAMP 3 B ALTERNATIVE FIXING DETAIL OF CRAMP 3 DETAILSO F CRAMPF OR PRECASTC ONCRETEF ACIN:Gs - ContdIS : 4101( Part II) - 1967 3C TYPICAL FIXIN’G DETAIL OF CRAMP 3D TYPICAL FIXING DETAIL OF CRAMP FIG. 3 DETAILSO F CRAMPF OR PRECASTC ONCRETEF ACINGS i4A3 BI 82 83 RAG aotT . . Cl P 5 c _ DI D2 D3 , s FIG. 4 PRECAST CONCRETE FACING CRAMP AND JOINT DETAILS J .IS : 4101 ( Part II ) - 1967 LE NOTE - The inverted joggle joint at the top nf tho ledge is suit8ble only wheq the joining is applied to a cavity ~811. FIG. 5 CONCRETE FACINGS SUPPORTED ON LEDGES 6.5 Double Joggled Joint - Double joggled joint ( see Cl in Fig. 4 ) will not be suitable for vertical joints as the sliding action necessary to engage the unit vertically will interfere with the proper bedding of the horizontal joint and the bond to the backing wall mortar. This type of joint shall, however, be suitable for horizontal joints; it locks the units to one another by positive action, but cramps may be needed to hold the units to the wall as illustrated in C2 in Fig. 4. Cramps when fitted to the wall with the help of rag bolt as shown in C3 in Fig. 4 shall be in position to support the weight of construction at intermediate levels. 6.6 The grouted joint as shown in Dl in Fig. 4 shall stabilize the facing system if applied to all horizontal and vertical joints. When this type of joint is qe@ horizontally care shall be taken to ensure that as much as possible the upper groove is filled with mortar. When using this type of joint as a vertical joint it may be advantageous to plank off or caulk the external portion of the joint up to the outer edge of the core with rolled paper. The joint shall be filled with cement sand grout and the rolled paper shall be extracted out when the grout has partially set 16IS : 4101 (Part II) - 1967 and the joint shall be pointed immediately. Cramps may be used for supporting the unit with the wall and aIso for bearing load partially as in 02 and 03 in Fig. 4, respectively. 6.7 The thickness of joints may vary from 6 to 10 mm. Where necessary from architectural considerations, thickness of weathered joints may be more but shall never exceed 15 mm. 7. CONTROL OF ALIGNMENT 7.1 The a\ppearance of the finished wall face exhibiting a plain surface will be easily marked by inaccuracies of alignment. Accuracy of alignment will depend upon the control of uniform size for the cover- ings, freedom from warping as well as in the accuracy with which the cramps are fixed. Where practicable the backing wall shall be built simultaneously with the fixing of facings as this will assist in maintaining the correct alignment of the facings. Inaccuracies in alignment of slabs to some extent will be masked by the treatment of the joints, for example, by the use of chamfered, slightly rounded or rebated edge in place of simple squared edge. Such an edge will in addition be free from chipping due to handling. ( Continued from page 2 ) Members Representing SHRI R. S. GODBOLE William Jacks & Co Ltd, Calcutta SHRI R. K. G. NARAYAN ( Alternate ) SHRI P. GUI-IA Calcutta Municipal Corporation SHRI’N. J. MA~ANI Forest Research Institute & Colleges, Debra Dun SHEI M. V. PEADEAN Bellardie, Thompson & Matthews, Calcutta. SUEVEYOR OB WORKS (CAL- Central Public Works Depertment CUTTA CENTRAL CIRCLE No. II ) COL H. c. VWH R8lmer Lswrie & Co Ltd, Calcutta 17 IBUREAU OF INDtAN STANDARDS . Headquaners: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones: 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams: Manaksanstha ( ‘Common to all Offiies) .“. . Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, 331 01 31 NEW DELHI 110002 331 1376 I @Eastern : l/l 4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 38 24 99 Maniktola. CALCUTTA 700064 Northern : SC0 445-448, Sector 36-C, 2 18 43’ CHANDIGARH 180038 3 1841 1 41 24 42 Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 800113 41 26 19 1 41 2918 tWestern : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ), 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 Branch Offices: ‘Pushpak’, Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 83 48 AHMADABAD 380001 I 2 83 49 SPeenya Industrial Area 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road 38 49 55 BANGALORE 560068 38 49 56 I Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, 867 16 BHGPAL 482003 Plot No. 82/83. Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 631’6. Ward No. 29, R.G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, 3 31 77 GUWAHATI 781003 6-8-56C L. N. Gupta Marg ( Nampally Station Road ), ‘..+, 23 10 83 HYDERABAD 500001 8 34 71 R14 Yudhister Marg. C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 { 8 98 32 !17/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208006 1 fl tt ;2” Patliputra Industrial Estate. PATNA 800013 8 23 06 T.C. No. 14/l 421. Universitv P.O.. Palayam /8 21 04 TRIVANDRUM 895035 18 21 17 fnspection Offices ( With Sale Point ): Pushpanjali, First Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, 2 61 71 Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 Institution of Engineers ( India ) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 6 24 35 PUNE 411005 ‘%ales Office in Calcutta ir at 6 Chowringhor Approach, P. 0. Princep 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 tSeler Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambera, Grant Road, 89 65 28 Bombay 400007 $Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square, 22 36 71 Bangalore 660002 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
10607.pdf	IS:10607- 1983 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR REFRACTORIES FOR CEMENT ROTARY KILNS Refractories Sectional Committee, SMDC 18 Chairman Representing DR D. N. NANDI Kumardhubi Fireclay and Silica Works Ltd, Calcutta Members DR G. D. SINGH ( Alternate to Dr D. N. Nandi ) SHRI P. S. V. ANANTHANARAYANA Engineering and Mineral Industrial Research Laboratory, Bangalore SHRI D. N. BANERJEE Indian Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Burnpur SHR~A . K. MUKHERJEE( Alternate ) SHRI BHARATB HASKAR Ishwar Industries Ltd, New Delhi SHRI RAJEEVB HASKAR( Alternate ) DR A. K. BOSE Associated Cement Companies Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. R. VINAYAKA( Alternate I ) DR A. K. CHA~ERJEE ( Alternate II ) SHRI S. K. CHA~~ERJEJZ Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Durgapur Steel Plant ) SHRI P. K. ROYCHOWDHURY( Alternate ) SHRI B. K. P. CHHIBBAR Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bokaro Steel Plant ) SHRI A. S. KHALKHO( Alternate ) SHRI M. H. DALMIA Orissa Cement Ltd, Rajgangpur SHRI K. K. PRASAD( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. DAS Directorate General of Supplies and Disposals ( Inspection Wing ), New Delhi SHRI R. N. SAHA ( Alternate ) DEPUTY DIRECTOR( MET ) - I, Ministry of Railways RDSO, LUCKNOW CHEMISTA ND METALLURGIST( SF ), CLW, CHI~ARANJAN ( Alternate ) Srnu D. M. GUPTA Belpahar Refractories Ltd, Belpahar SHRI T. K. GHOSE( Alternate ) SHRI A. V. HINGORANI Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Alloy Steel Plant), Dureauur SHRI S. K. JHUNJHUNWALA Orissa Industries Ltd, Rourkela SHRI M. M. SAHU ( Alternate ) SHRI S. R. KHANNA Directorate General of Technical Development, New Delhi SHRI R. SACHDEV( Alternate ) ( Continued on page 2 ) 0 Copyright 1984 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTlTUTION This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS : 10607- 1983 ( Continued from page 1) Members Representing SHRI I. C. MODI Steebk;;yrity of India Ltd ( Rourkela Steel SHRI R. K. SANGHI ( Alternate ) SHRI S. K. MOHANTY Ministry of Defence ( DGAF ), New Delhi SHRI N. C. MUKHERJEE India Firebricks and Insulation Co Ltd, Marar SHRI V. S. BHUTA ( Alternate ) Sr-no S. K. MUKHERJKE Bharat Refractories Ltd, Bokaro Steel City SHRI H. N. TRIPATHI ( Alternate ) SHRI J. R. K. MURTHY Harry Refractory and Ceramic Works Pvt Ltd, Calcutta; and Indian Refractory Makers Association, Calcutta !&RI N. C. SAHA ( Alternate ) Harry Refractory and Ceramic Works Pvt Ltd, Calcutta - SHRI R. C. NANDY M. N. Dastur and Co ( P ) Ltd, Calcutta SHRI A. K. GHOSH ( Alternate ) DR J. D. PANDA Dalmia Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajgangpur DR N. SAHOO( Alternate ) DR T. V. PRA~AD Engineers India Ltd, New Delhi Suar B. RAMACHANDRAN Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants (India ) Ltd, Ranchi SHU T. B. SINGH ( Alternate ) SHRI RAME~HC HAND All India Glass Manufacturers’ Federation, New Delhi DR B. V. SUBBA RAO Ministry of Defence ( DRDO ), Hyderabad DR M. R. K. RAO National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ), Jamshedpur SHRI P. C. SEN ( Alternate ) SHRI A. K. SAHA National Test House, Calcutta SHRI D. KANUNGO( Alternate ) SHR~0 . P. SANDH~R Steel Authority of India Ltd, Research and Development Wing, New Delhi a_ \ SHRI K. C. CHAI-TERJEE( Alternare 1 SHRI R. SANKARAN Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, Tiruchirapalli SHRI C. S. R. ADHITHYAN( Alternate ) SHFUK . c. SINHA Ministry of Defence ( DGI ), Directorate of Production and Inspection ( Navy ) Sum RAJENDRAP RASAD( AIternate ) DR N. R. SIRCAR Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute ( CSIR ), Calcutta SHRI K. RAME~AM( Alternate ) SHRI K. S. SWAMINATHAN Tata Iron and Steel Co Ltd, Jamshedpur SHRI B. N. GHOSH ( Alternate ) SHRI B. S. VENKATARAMIAH Steel Authority of India Ltd ( Bhilai Steel Plant ) Sum V. K. NITYANANDAN( Alternate ) SHIU K. RAGHAVENDRAN. Director General, ISI (Ex-oficio Member) Director ( Strut and Met ) Secretary SHRI B. MUKHERJI Senior Deputy Director ( Metals ), IS1 ( Continued on page 18 ) 2IS:10607 -1983 Indian Standard SPECIFICATION FOR REFRACTORIES FOR CEMENT ROTARY KILNS 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 21 April 1983, after the draft finalized by the Refractories Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural and Metals Division Council. 0.2 This standard has been prepared for rationalizing the requirements of refractory bricks and refractory castables used for lining of cement rotary kilns. In the preparation of this standard, data collected from the cement manufacturers as well as the refractory manufacturers regarding the type of bricks and other refractory materials presently being used in the country, were analysed, and after deliberations, it was decided to restrict therequire- ments to three types of alumina-silicate and high alumina bricks, three types of refractory castables and one type of insulating castable for use in the cement rotary kilns. 0.3 The use of basic bricks is not prevalent to a very great extent in our country at present, and therefore basic bricks have not been covered in the standard. 0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, express- ing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS : 2-1960. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard describes the service conditions in the different zones of cement rotary kilns, makes recommendations for the types of refractories to be used in the different zones and specifies the requirements for the different types of refractories. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply. Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). 3IS : 10607- 1983 2.1 Cement Manufacturing Process - Ordinary portland cement is obtained from a clinker which is produced by burning a finely ground thoroughly homogenized mixture of raw materials, generally consisting of limestone and clay in requisite proportions with or without other corrective materials, at 1400-l 500°C in a kiln. The manufacturing process is designated as dry, semidry and wet, depending on whether the raw mix, fed to the kiln, is in the form of a dry powder, green nodules or an aqueous slurry. 2.2 Rotary Kiln - Rotary kilns are steel tubes having an inner refractory lining, with a slope of 3-4 percent to the horizontal, and rotating on its long axis usually with a speed of 1 to 2 rpm. The tubes generally have a diameter in the range of 2’5 to 5 m ( maximum up to 7 m as presently known ). The length of the tubes vary from 14-17 to 32-35 times the diameter. The tube is mounted on a number of roller supports. 2.3 Zonation in Cement Rotary Kiln - Depending on the function of a rotary kiln and the transformation that takes place during the passage of a raw mix through it, a rotary kiln is divided from the feed end to the dis- charge end in the following zones; drying, preheating, transition or inter- mediate, burning, cooling or discharge. The zonation is conceptual but the operating conditions in each zone are different. Typical illustrations for dry and wet process kilns are given in Fig. 1 and 2. 2.4 Suspension Preheater - It is a preheater used in the dry process of manufacture and consists of a system of cyclones ( generally 2 or 4 ) with connecting pipes, through which the exist gases of a rotary kiln are passed by means of a fan. The raw mix which passes through the system in the opposite direction to the gases ( counterflow ) is separated from the gas stream in each cyclone and is reintroduced into the stream, in the next stage. The raw meal is conveyed through the pipes by the hot gases ( uniflow ). In the suspension preheater the raw mix is partially calcined ( 40 to 50 per- cent ) before it reaches the rotary kiln. 2.5 Precalcinator - It is a calcining system introduced in a dry-process suspension preheater kiln between the suspension preheater and the rotary kiln for precalcination of raw mixes to an extent of 85 to 90 percent. 2.6 Concentrator - A concentrator ( also called a calcinator ) is a heat ex- changer made of a slow rotating drum with built-in heat-transfer elements and installed before the rotary kiln. The hot gases from the kiln are passed through the drum for effective heat transfer between the raw mix and hot kiln gases. 2.7 Grate Preheater - It is a travelling grate carrying a bed of nodulized raw meal through which the hot kiln gases are passed for heat transfer. The grates can have a double-pass system in which the kiln gases are passed twice through the bed of nodules. 4IS: 10607 - 1983 I FIRING HOOD DISCHARGE ZONE ICOOLING) BURNING ZONE ISINTERINGI TRANSITION ZONE IRVING ZONE INCLUDING INLET ZONE OAS lEMPERATURE:lOOO-120O’C GAS TEMPERATURE : lLOO-IlOO’C GAS TEMPERATURE : 1300 -16OO’C (CALCINING OR PREBURNINGI :HAIN SECTION CHEMICAC ATTACK: SLIGHT CHEMICAL AllACK : SLIGHT CHEMICAL AITACK : VERY SEVERE GAS lEMPERAlURE:~lOO-13GG’C GAS TEMPERATURE :18G -85G’C jAS lEMPERATURE:lGG-8GO’C SLAG ACTION : NONE SLAG ACTION : MOOERATE SLAG ACIION : VERY SEVERE CHEMICAL ATTACK :SEVERE CHEMICAL ATTACK : SLIGHT :HEMICAL ATTACK : SLIGHT 1 AH BE RR AY SA IOL N SPALLING: : M MO OO DE ER RA Al WE T AH BE RR AM SA IOL N SPALLING : : V VE ER RY Y SS EE VV EE RR EE ATH BE RR AM SIA OL N SPALLING : : V SE ER VY E RES EVERE S THLA ERG M AA LC TI SO PN A LLING : : M SEO VD EE RR EA TE TS HL EA RG M AA L CllO WN A LLING : : N SO LIN GE H T SLAG ACTION : P TO OS VS OIB LL AE T ILED SU E ABRASION : MOORATE TO ABRASION : SEVERE ,HERMAL SPALLING :MOOERATE SEVERE ABRASION : SLIGHT COOLER GAS TEMPERATURE : lOOO- LOO% CHEMICAL ATTACK :NONE SLAG ACTION :NONE THERMAL SPALLING :MODERATE 10 SEVERE A6RASlON : SEVERE FIG. 1 ZONATION IN TYPICAL WET PM-- Rn~~av KIN ~V~.TFM 5As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left BlankCYCLONE STAGE I sUSPENSION PREHEATER (4sTAGE ] G4s TEMPERATURE: 330-1100”C CHEMICAL ATTACK :ALKALI, SULPHATE ANO CHLORIDE SLAG ACTION :POSSIBLE OUE 10 VOLATILES THERMAL SPALLING :MODERATE ABRASION :SEVERE I.cT -AR LA CN INSI IT NI GON OZO RNE PREBURNING) OISCHARGE ZONE(COOLING) ~ R GASTEMPERATuRE:ltoo-130&c GAS TEMPERATuRE:1LOO-11OO G CHEMICAL ATTACK: SEVERE cHEMICAL ATTACK :SLIGHT CYCLONE STAGE In SLAG ACTION :MOOERATE SLAG ACTION :UODERATE THERMAL SPALLING :SEVERE THERMAL SPALL[NG :VERY . ABRASION :MOOERATE S~ERE CYCLWE, TOSEVE!{E ABRASION :VERY STAGE27 SEVERE L PRE- HEATING ZONE BURNING ZONE(SINTERING) GAS TZM?ERATURE : 8SO-11OO”C (G ! CHEMICAL ATTACK : MOOEf7ATE GAS TEhtPERATURE 1300-1600°c SLAG ACTION . MODERATE CHEMICAL ATTACK :VERY SEWRE SLAG ACTION :vERY SEVERE THERMAL SPALLING:VERY SEVERE ABRASION :SEVERE I w [i : II! ., :: I nuuu +. +, + L& I// ii I I -’–’-== , II SLAG ACTION {NONE I THERMAL SPALLING :MODERATE TO sEVERE II ABRASION :SEVERE FIG. 2 ZONATION IN TYPICAL DRY-PROCESS ROTARY KILN SYSTEMIS : 10607 - 1983 2.8 Smoke Chamber - A refractory lined chamber housing the kiln feed pipe and provides an air seal at the inlet end of the kiln. 2.9 Chain Section - In the wet process of manufacture the colder section of a kiln from the inlet side is provided with hanging metallic chains of various configuration for effective heat transfer between the raw mix and hot kiln gases. 2.10 Trefoil - A trefoil is a heat-exchanger built inside the kiln with specially shaped refractory blocks. It is generally of Y configuration in the kiln cross-section. 2.11 Tumbler - Tumblers ( or tumbling ledges or lifters ) are heat exchangers built inside a rotary kiln with refractory materials particularly in the pre- heating zone or cooling zone. The tumblers are designed to cascade the charge for better heat-exchange. 2.12 Dam Ring - It is a refractory obstacle built inside rotary kiln to in- crease the residence time of the charge or to divert the material flow. Kilns with planetary coolers often have a refractory dam ring which regulates the flow of clinker into the cooler spouts. 2.13 Nose Ring - The nose ring is the end section of a kiln through which the hot clinker passes over the tip casting to the cooler system as in end discharge kilns. 2.14 Firing Hood - It refers to the firing ( mobile or fixed ) hood of a rotary cement kiln where the fuel (coal, oil, or gas) is fed at the firing end of a kiln which generally forms the junction with coolers and carries the burner equipment, observation posts and access doors and also provide air seal at the discharge end of the kiln. 2.15 Cooler Chute - The chute connecting the kiln discharge and the cooler inlet. 2.16 Rotary Cooler - It is a rotating inclined cylindrical steel tube below the discharge end of the rotary kiln. Hot clinker is discharged from the rotary kiln into the raised end of the tube, cooled by air drawn through the cooler by the kiln induced-draught system, and discharged from the other end of the tube. 2.17 Planetary ( Integral ) Cooler - A planetary cooler is made of a num- ber of small-diameter steel tubes ( generally 9 to 11 ) symmetrically mounted on the outer side of a rotary kiln shell near the discharge end. The cooler tubes are connected to the kiln shell through ports to admit hot clinker, which is cooled by a flow of air, and discharged through opening at the other end of the tubes. 8IS:10607- 1983 2.18 Grate Cooler - It is a type of cooler in which air is blown through a bed of clinker carried on a grate formed of a number of rows of plates, alternate rows being fixed and reciprocating. The grates can either be in- clined or horizontal. The cold air is blown by fans into the space below the grate which is divided into chambers, and flows up through perforations in the plates and through the bed of clinker. 2.19 Castable Refractories - A mixture of refractory aggregate and heat- resisting hydraulic cement. These products are generally cast or gunned into place. 2.20 Plastic Refractories - These are monolithic refractories manufactured and packed in mouldable ready-to-use form and are generally rammed into place with a pneumatic hammer. The bond may be chemical or heat-setting. 2.21 Ramming Masses - These are monolithic refractories either supplied in moist ready-to-use form or in dry form for mixing on the job. The bond may be chemical and/or heat setting. 2.22 Air Setting Refractory Mortar - A refractory material containing chemical agents for ensuring hardening at room temperature. 2.23 Anchor - A metallic or ceramic device to hold refractory concrete in stable positions while encountering effects of various types of load, thermal stresses and vibration. 2.24 Clinker Coating - The refractory lining in the burning zone of a rotary kiln acquires a protective coating due to the interaction between the charge and refractory material during the kiln campaign. This is known as clinker coating which is essential for the durability of a burning zone lining. 3. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TYPES OF REFRACTORIES TO BE USED FOR LINING DIFFERENT ZONES OF ROTARY KILNS 3.1 The service conditions obtained in the various parts of cement rotary kilns and the ancillaries are given in Table 1. The recommended refractory linings for the different zones are given in Table 2. 3.1.1 Three grades of alumino-silicate and high alumina bricks, three grades of refractory castables and one grade of insulating castable are recom- mended for lining different zones of the rotary kilns. 4. REQUIREMENTS FOR REFRACTORY BRICKS 4.1 Grades of Refractory Bricks - There shall be three grades of refractory bricks for lining of cement rotary kilns, that is 35 percent alumina bricks, 55 percent alumina bricks and 70 percent alumina bricks. 9TABLE 1 SERVICE CONDITIONS IN CEMEh’T ROTARY IULN SYSTEM . . s ( Clause 3.1 ) S KILNZONE GAS MATERIAL CHEMICAL SLAG THERMAL ABRASION ‘;’ TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE ATTACK ACTION SPALLING ("C> ("C) g e (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Grate preheater 100-l0 00 up to 700 Ai$l$,$phate and Possible due to Moderate Slight volatiles Suspension pre- 330-l 100 up to 800 Alkali, sulphate and Possible due to Moderate Severe heater ( 4.stage ) chloride volatiles Drying zone includ- 180- 850 Up to 250 Slight None Slight Severe ing chain, etc E; Preheating zone 850-l 100 Up to 550-600 Moderate Moderate Slight Moderate Transition zone 1 100-l 300 up to 1 100 Severe Moderate Severe Moderate ( calcining or to severe prebuming ) Burning zone 1300-I 600 up to 1 450 Very severe Very severe Very severe Severe ( sintering ) Discharge zone 1 400-l 100 up to 1 100 Slight Moderate Very severe Very ( cooling ) severe Firing hood 1000-1200 - Slight - Moderate Moderate Cooler spout 1000-l 100 900-l 000 None None Moderate to Very severe severe Coolers 1 ooo- 400 Up to 80-300 None Moderate to Severe severe With precalcinator, the gas temperature will be 350 to 1 100°C and the material temperature will be up to 900°C.IS:10607-1 983 TABLE 2 REFRACTORIES FOR THE IMPORTANT ZONES OF CEMENT ROTARY KILN SYSTEM REFRACTORIES KILN ZONE ------ Bricks Castables Grate preheater 35 percent alumina Medium purity high strength alu- bricks mino-silicate castables ( Grade 300 ) Suspension preheater Hot face - 35 percent Hot face - High purity alumino- alumina bricks silicate castable of high strength ( Grade 400 ) Buckfng - Insulating Backing-Insulating castable of bricks conforming 1 100-l 200 kg/m3 density for to Type 1 of IS : backing ( insulating grade ) 2042-1972. Sealing areas in roof ducts - High strength medium purity alumino- silicate castable (Grade 400 ) Drying zone including 35fr;rsnt alumina Medium purity high strength alu- chain section mino-‘silicate castables ( Grade 300 ) Pre-heating zone 35b$;;nt alumina High purity high strength coarse ( up to 10 mm ) castables ( Grade 400 ) Transition zone 55 percent alumina bricks Castables not used Burning zone 70 percent alumina bricks Discharge zone 70 percent alumina Extra high strength $90 percent including cooler bricks alumina. wear-resistant castable spouts ( Grade 500 ) see Note 3 Grate coolers and 35 percent alumina See Note 1 and Fig. 3 cooler tubes bricks NOTE 1 - Depending upon the location ( see Fig. 3 ), for instance, target wall A, side wall B and its extension C and roof D of grate coolers, different$grades of castables as given below are used: Position A Grade 500 castable Position B Grade 400 castable Position C Grade 300 castable Position D Grade 300 castable NOTE 2 - For precalcinator vessels, kiln inlets, tumbling ledges in preheating zone, tip casting, firing hood, etc, castables are preferred to bricks and the general recom- mendations are given below: a) Precalcinator 1) Bottom, roof, gas duct, damper Grade 400 castable 2) Precalciner back-up Insulating castable b) Dam ring, cooler inlet, tip’casting Grade 500 castable kiln outlet c) Tumbler ledges Grade 400 castable d) Kiln firing hood Grade 300 castable NOTE 3 - At certain locations, ramming mass can also be used, for example, in planetary cooler spouts and discharge zones. Requirements of ramming mass should be a matter of mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. NOTE 4 - For suspension preheaters, 35 percent alumina bricks may be used for the hot face, with a backing consisting of insulating castables. Specification for insulating bricks (first revision ).IS : 10607 - 1983 4.2 Chemical Composition and Physical Properties - The chemical compo- sition and the physical properties of the three grades of bricks shall be as given in Table 3. The physical properties shall be determined in accordance with the relevant test methods specified in the different parts of IS : 1528”. 4.3 Size and Shape of Refractory Bricks - The size and shape of the wedge- shaped high alumina bricks for use in cement rotary kilns shall be as given in Table 4. 4.3.1 Tolerances - The dimensional tolerance for 35 percent alumina bricks shall be f2 percent or +2 mm, whichever is higher. The tolerances for 50 percent alumina bricks and 70 percent alumina bricks shall be f 1’5 percent or 12 mm, whichever is higher. 4.3.2 Circular bricks may be used subject to mutual agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser and the sizes and tolerances shall also be mutually agreed in such cases. 4.3.2.1 Although both circular as well as wedge shaped bricks are presently used in the cement industry, the trend is gradually changing over from cir- cular bricks to wedge bricks due to the following advantages in wedge brick linings: a) Wedge bricks can be laid in any diameter of kiln choosing correct ratio of two sizes, b) Bricks fit the undulated shell properly by choice of combination of bricks, 4 Chipping and dressing of bricks is minimized, and 4 Installation is faster and inventories are reduced in the case of wedge bricks. 4.4 General requirements for the supply of refractory bricks shall be in accordance with IS : 1387-1967t. 4.5 Sampling - The sampling for determining the characteristics of refrac- tory bricks shall be done in accordance with IS : 1528 ( Part 7 )-1974x. Methods of sampling and physical tests for refractory materials ( issued in several parts ). TGeneral requirements for the supply of metallurgical materials (first revision ). $Methods of sampling and physical tests for refractory materials : Part 7 Methods of sampling and criteria for conformity (first revision ). 12IS:10607-1983 TABLE 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR ALUMINO-SILICATE AND HIGH ALUMINA BRICKS ( Clause 4.2 ) SL No. CHARACTERISTIC REQUIREMENT r -- -7 35 Percent 55 Percent 70 Percent Alumina Alumina Alumina Bricks _ Bricks Bricks (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 0 A&OS, percent, Min 35 55 70 ii) Fe,O,, percent, Max 2.5 2.5 3.5 iii) Pyrometric cone 30 34 36 equivalent ( Orton ) Min iv) Permanent linear +l percent at +I percent at +25 percent at change 1 350°C for 5 h 1400°C for 2 h 1 500°C for 2 h v) Refractoriness under 1300”c 1400°C 1450°C lead ( RUL ) ta, Min vi) Apparent porosity, 25 25 23 percent, Max vii) Cold crushing strength, 250 300 400 kgf/cm, Min NOTE I- The characteristics, specified in this Table, are applicable to machine- moulded refractory bricks only. NOTE 2 - The requirements of Fe,O* and RUL for 70 percent AlaO. bricks will be reviewed as soon as experience of using such bricks in large diameter kilns are available. 4.6 Marking 4.6.1 Each refractory brick shall be clearly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trade-mark. 4.6.2 The working face of the wedge bricks shall be suitably marked with a paint for easy identification. 4.6.3 The bricks may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. 13IS:10607-1983 TABLE 4 SIZES OF WEDGE SHAPED HIGH ALUMINA BRICKS ( Clause 4.3 ) DESIGNATION DIMENSION( Sm m ) A B H L . 216 86’0 316 92-o 160 416 94.5 516 96.5 716 98’3 218 84’0 318 90.5 180 418 93’5 518 95’5 618 97’0 718 97’7 220 82’0 320 89’0 420 92.5 520 103 94’7 200 198 620 96’2 720 97’0 820 97.8 322 88’0 422 91.5 522 94’0 622 95’5 220 722 96.5 822 97.3 425 90’0 525 92.7 625 94.5 250 725 95’5 825 96.5 14IS:10607- 1983 5. REQUIREMENTS FOR REFRACTORY CASTABLES 5.1 Grades of Refractory Castables - There shall be three grades of refrac- tory castables classified on the basis of the minimum cold crushing strength value obtained after drying at 110°C and shall be classified as Grade 300, 400 and 500. 5.2 The requirements for the three grades of refractory castables are given in Table 5 for information only. TABLE 5 RRQUIREMRNTS FOR DENSE REFRACTORY CASTABLES SL No. CHARACTERISTICS REQUIREMENT ---.--~h---- &ZZ% Grade 400 GZZZ (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) i) Al,O,, percent, Min 50 50 90 ii) FezOa, percent, Max 6 2 0.5 iii) Cold crushing strength, kgf/cm, Min a ) after drying at 300 400 500 110°C b ) after firing at 250 300 350 800-l 000°C iv) Grain size Subject to agreement between the supplier and the purchaser NOTE - The refractory castables have been classified into three grades on the basis of minimum CCS value obtainable after drving at 110°C. 5.3 Insulating Castables - The requirements for insulating castables are given in Table 6, for information only. 5.4 Sampling and Test Methods - The properties of refractory castables shall be determined in accordance with the Indian Standard Methods of test for refractory castables ( under preparation ). 5.5 Marking - Each container of refractory and insulating castable shall be clearly marked with the manufacturer’s name or trade-mark. 5.5.1 The containers may also be marked with the IS1 Certification Mark. NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by ISI and operated by the producer. IS1 marked products are also continuously checked by ISI for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors, may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution. 15SECTIONAL ELEVATION Al YY SECTIONAL PLAN AT X X SECTION z z GRADE 500 CASTABLE GRADE LOO CASTAELE GRADE 300 CASTABLE FIG. 3 REFRACTORLYI NING FOR GRATE COOLER I 16IS:10607- 1983 TABLE 6 REQUIREMENTS FOR INSULATING CASTABLES (Clause 5.3) SL No. CHARACTERIS~C REQUIREMENT (1) (3,) 0 Fe,Os, percent, Max 3-5 ii) Bulk density, kg/m3 1 100 to 1200 iii) Cold crushing strength after drying 30 to 40 at llO”C, kgf/cm iv) Permanent linear change, after heating 1’5 for 5 h at 1 300”, percent, Max VI Grain size Subject to agreement between the supplier and the purchaser 17X3:10607-1 983 ( Continued from page 2 ) Panel for Refractories for Cement Kilns, SMDC 18 : Pll Convener Representing DR A. K. CHATTERJEE Associated Cement Ltd, Bombay Members SHRI D. S. VIJAYENDRA( Alternate to Dr A. K. Chatterjee ) SHRI BHARAT BHASKAR A. N. Bhaskar Sons, Faridabad SHRI RAJEEV BHASKAR( Alternate ) SHRI K. P. JHUNJHUNWALA Orissa Industries Ltd, Rourkela SHRI MADAN MOHAN SAHU ( Alternate ) SHRI R. KUNJITHAPATHAM Cement Manufacturers’ Association, Bombay SHRI G. R. NAIR Cement Corporation of India Ltd, New Delhi SHRI K. K. PRASAD Orissa Cement Ltd, Rajgangpur SHRI K. RAMESAM Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Calcutta SHRI M. V. RANGA RAO Cement Research Institute of India, Nzw Delhi SHRI M. R. VINAYAKA Indian Refractory Makers’ Association, Calcutta SHRI D. S. VIJAYENDRA( Alternate ) 18
2720_3_1.pdf	f$ I 2720 ( Part III/k i ) - 1980 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Grained Soils First Revision ) ( First Reprint APRIL 1989 UDC 624.131.431.1 @ Copyright 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS hlANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 Decernhrr 1YSOt8:2720(hdIl/Secl)-h80 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Gralned Soils First Revision) ( Soil Engineering and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee, BDC 23 Chainnan Repremlfing DB JAODIBHN AMIN University of Roorkee, Roorkee ADDITIONAL DIBIOTOB, IRI Irrigation Department, Government of Bihar, Patna ADDITIONAL DI~WTO~ REEEABOE Ministry of Railways ( F. E. ), RDSO DEPUTY DIREOTO~ ~~E~BOR PBor ~;-B&H 1, RDSO ( Alh+ 1 Unlve-rsity of Jodhpur, Jodhpur CAL AVTA~ SINGE Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Headquarters LT-COL V. K. KANITXAB ( Ahnuts ) Da A. BANERJEE Cemindia Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI S. GUPTA ( Ahmale ) DR R. K. BHANDARI Central Building Research Instittite, Roorkea CHIEF ENWNEEB ( B&R ) Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh Da G. S. Dhillon ( AlternaIe ) SHRI M. G. DANDAVATB The Concrete Association of India, Bombay SHBI N. C. DUWUL ( Ahnuts ) SERI A. G. DASTIDAB In personal capacitv (5 H&I rr ad Courr, 12/l Hunbwfwd Strut, Colcut~aR X&/, DR G. S. DHILLON Indian eotechnical Society, New Delhi DIREOTOR, IRI Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Roorkee @ Cow+ 1980 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This publication is protected under the Indian Cobrig& Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.IS 8 2720 ( Part III/Set 1) - 1980 ( Contiwdfrom pa&y 1) Mambers Rqmwnting SERI A. H. DIVANJI Asia Foundations & Construction ( P ) Ltd, Bombay SHRI A. N. JANQLE ( Ahmate ) Pnos GOPALR ANJAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee Pnov GOPAL RANJAN Institution of Engineers ( India ), Calcutta Da SHASHI K. GULAATI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi DR G. B. RAO ( Altcrnntc ) San1 0. P. MALHOTBA Public Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis- tration, Chandigarh SERI T. K. NATBAJAN Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi PRESIDENT( IMDA ) All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombay DEPUTY SECRETARY( AIIMDA ) ( Altcrnatc ) SH~I R. V. RANTHIDEVAN Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIRECTOR( CSMRS ) ( Ahmate 1 RE&AI~CH OBBICER( B&RRL ) Public Works Department, Government of Punjab, Chandiqarh SHRI K. R. SAXENA Public Works Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad SECRETARY Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi DEPUTY SECRETARY( Ahmate ) SHBI N. SIVAQURU Roads Wing, Ministry of Shipping 8t Transport SHRI D. V. SlxxA (Altmats) SH~I K. S. SRINIVASAN National Buildings Organization, New Delhi SHRI SUNIL BEHRY ( Aftmats ) SUPERINTENDING E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department, Government of Tamil (P&D) Nadu, Madras EXECUTIVEE NGINEER( SMRD ) ( Alternate ) SHRI H. C. VEBMA All India Instrument Manufacturers & Dealers Association, Bombay SHBI H. K. GUIZIA ( Altmuk) Ssar S. D. VIDYARTHI Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DR B. L. DHAWAN ( Al&ma& ) SBRI G. RAYAN, Director General, IS1 ( J&-o@& Muakr ) Director (Civ Engg ) SEEI K. M. MATHW Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1 (Conh’wdonpogr8)IS I 2720 ( Part III/&x 1) - 1980 Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR SOILS PART III DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVITY Section 1 Fine Grained Soils ( First Revision) 0. FOREWORD 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part III/Set 1 ) ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 3 October 1980, after the’ draft finalized by the Soil and Rock Mechanics Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 With a view to establishing uniform procedures for the determination of different characteristics of soils and also for facilitating a comparative study of the results, the Indian Standards Institution is bringing out a series of standards on methods of test for soils ( IS : 2720 ). This standard ( Part III ) deals with the method of test for determination of specific gravity of soils which finds application in finding out the degree of saturation and unit weight of moist soils. The unit weights are needed in pressure, settlement and stability problems in soil engineering. This standard was published in the year 1964. In view of the further work done in this field in this, as well as in other countries, the revision has been pre- pared so as to give the latest method of test which has separate provision for fine grained and coarse soils. The revision is being prepared in two sections : Section 1, dealing with the method for fine grained soil which is a basically laboratory method and Section 2 for fine, medium and coarse grained soils which is field method. 0.3 In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960. Rules for rounding off numerical values ( r&red). 3IS I 2720 ( Part III/kc 1) - 1980 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard ( Part III/Set 1 ) lays down the methods of test for the determination of the ,specific gravity of soil particle of fine grained soils ( see Note ) . NOTE - The method may also he used for medium and coarse grained soils if the coarse parttcles are grained to pass 475-mm IS sieve before using. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definition of terms given in IS : 2809-1972 shall apply. 3. APPARATUS 3.1 The following apparatus is required: 4 Two density bottles ( pyknometers ) of approximately 50 ml capacity with stoppers. b) A water-bath maintained at a constant temperature to within f 02°C. ( If standard density bottles are used this constant tem- perature is 27°C. ) Cl A vacuum desiccator ( a convenient size is one about 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter ). 4 A desiccator ( a convenient size is one about 200 mm to 250 mm in diameter ) containing anhydrous silica gel. 4 A thermostatically controlled drying oven, capable of maintain- ing a temperature of 105 to 110°C. f 1 A balance readable and accurate to OOOl g. .!a A source of vacuum, such as a good filter pump or a vacuum pump. 4 A spatula ( a convenient size is one having a blade 150 mm long and 3 mm wide; the blade has to be small enough to go through the neck of the density bottle ), or a piece of glass rod about 150 mm long and 3 mm diameter. j) A wash bottle, preferably made of plastics, containing air-free distilled water ( see Note ). k) A sample divider of the multiple slot type ( S%le box ) with 7 mm width of opening. “1 A length of rubber tubing to fit the vacuum pump and the desiccator. NOTE - Obtain the air-free distilled water for at least 30 minute in a container that can be sealed from the atmosphere during cooling. Take care to see that the container is strong enough to resist the reduction in pressure inside it during cooling. Glossary of terms and symbols relating to soil engineering .( JirJl n&ion ). ?1s I 2720 ( Part III/Set 1 ) - 1980 4. PROCEDURE 4.1 The complete density bottle with stopper, shall be dried at 105 to 1 lO”C, cooled in the desiccator and weighed to the nearest 0.001 g ( ml ) ( Je Note 1 ). 4.2 The 50 g sample obtained as described in the procedure for the pre- paration of-disturbed samples for testing ( see 1.5 ) shall if necessary be ground to pass a 2-mm IS test sieve. A 5 to 10 g subsample shall be obtained by riffling, and oven dried at 105 to 110°C ( see Note 2 ). This sample shall be transferred to the density bottle direct from the desiccator in which it has been cooled. The bottle and contents together with the stopper shall be weighed to the nearest 0.001 g ( ma). 4.3 Sufficient air-free distilled water ( see Note 3 ) shall be added so that the soil in the bottle is just covered. The bottle containing the soil and liquid, but without the stopper, shall be placed in the vacuum desiccator, which shall then be evacuated gradually. The pressure shall be reduced to about 20 mmHg. When using a water pump, because of variation in mains pressure, care shall be taken to ensure that the required vacuum is maintained. Care shall be taken during this operation to see that the air trapped in the soil does not bubble too violently, so as to prevent small drops of the suspension being lost through the mouth of the bottle. The bottle shall be allowed to remain in the desiccator for at least 1 hour until no further loss of air is apparent. 4.4 The vacuum shall be released and the lid of the desiccator removed. The soil in the bottle shall be stirred carefully with the spatula, or the bottle vibrated. Before removing the spatula from the bottle the particles of soil adhering to the blade shall be washed off with a few drops of air-free liquid. The lid of the desiccator shall then be replaced and the desiccator evacuaied again. 4.5 The procedure outlined in 4.3 and 4.4 shall be repeated until no more air is evolved from the soil ( see Note 4 ). 4.5.1 Alternately, the entrapped air can be removed by getting heat- ing the pyknometer placed on a water-bath or sand-bath. 4.6 The bottle and cohtents shall then be removed from the desiccator and further air-free liquid added until the bottle is full. The stopper shall then be inserted. The stoppered bottle shall be immersed up to the neck in the constant-temperature bath for approximately 1 hour or until it has attained the constant temperature of the bath ( see Note 5 ). If there is an apparent decrease in volume of the liquid the stopper shall be removed and further liquid added to fill the bottle and the stopper.replaced. The bottle shall then be returned to the bath and sufi- cient time shall be allowed to elapse after this operation to ensure that the 5IS : 2720 ( Part III/SW 1 ) - 1980 bottle and its contents again attain the constant temperature of the bath. If the bottle is still not completely full this process shall be repeated. 4.7 The stoppered bottle shall then be taken out of the bath, wiped dry and the whole weighed to the nearest OOOlg (ma). 4.8 The bottle shall then be cleaned out and filled completely with air- free liquid, the stopper inserted and then the whole immersed in the constant temperature bath for 1 hour or until it has attained the constant temperature of the bath. If there is an apparent decrease in the volume of the liquid, the stopper shall be removed and further liquid added to fill the bottle and the stopper replaced. The stoppered bottle shall then be returned to the batch and sufficient time shall be allowed to elapse after this operation to ensure that the bottle and its contents again attain the constant temperature. If the bottle is still not completely full this process shall be repeated. The bottle shall then be taken out of the bath, wiped dry and the whole weighed to the nearest OS001 g (md) ( see Note 6 ). 4.9 Two determinations of the specific gravity of the same soils sample shall be made ( see Notes 7 and 8 ). NOTE 1 - S!andord Density Bolllcr - If a density bottle is used then in order to avoid distortion it should not bc dried by placing it in an oven. It may be dried by rinsing with acetone or an alcohol-ether mixture and then blowing warm air through it. NOTE 2 - Oven drying of the soil has been specified for convenience. If there is any reason to believe that this will change the specific gravity due to loss of water of hydration the soil should be dried at not more than 80°C. This fact should be rep&ted. NOTR 3 - Alternative Liquidsfor .Speci/icG rad/y Defcrminufion- With certain soils, for cx;~rnpl~~th ose containing 5oluble salts, kerosene ( paraffin oil ) or white spirit may 1)~ prcftrrt(l. If one of these is used, record the fact and carry ollt a separate oxp(arinlcn! to d<,tc:rmine the specific gravity of the liquid at the room temptrature of the! tt,st. ‘I’hc equation for the specific gravity of the soil particles, G. given in 5.1 thcan becomes: where CL = specific gravity of the liquid used, at the constant temperature; m, = mass of density bottle in g; ms = mass of bottle and dry soil in g; m3 = mass of bottle, soil and liquid in g; and mg = mass of bottle when f@ll of liquid only in g. Nom 4- Experience has shown that the largest source of ‘error in the test is due to the diflicllltv in ensurine the comnlete removal of air from the sample. To obtain reliable resuI lts the soil should be left under vacuum for scvrral hours, pre- ferably overnight. Shaking the ‘bottle in hand once or twice intcruppting the vacuum gives quicker results. 6fS : 2720 ( Part IfI/&c 1 ) - 1930 NOTE 5 - If a constant temperature room or cabinet is available then thir PIO= cedure need not be carried out in a water-bath. NOTE 6 - If method given in 4.8 is used to find the volume of the density bottle then the test may be carried out at any temperature provided it is constant throughout the test. NOTE 7 - Many soils have a substantial proportion of heavier or lighter parti- cles. Such soils will give erratic values for the specific gravity even with the greatest care in testing and a number of repeated tests may be needed to obtain a good average value. NOTE 8 - Clean quartz and flint sands generally have a specific gravity close to 2.65; low values would suggest the presence of organic matter. 5. CALCULATION 5.1 The specific gravity of the soil particles G shall be measured at ioom temperature If water has been psed as the air-free liquid, then the following equation shall be used: ms - ml G- (m4-ml) - (m8-4 ?. where ml = mass of density bottle in g; ms =i mass of bottle and dry soil in g; ms - mass of bottle, soil and water in g; and m, = mass of bottle when. full of water only in g. If some other air-free liquid has been used reference should be made to Note 3. 5.2 The specific gravity shall be calculated at 27OC. If the room tempe rature is different than 27”C, the following correction shall be done: G’ -KG where G’ - Corrected specific gravity at 27OC, and Relative density of water at room temperature x = Relative density of water at 27%. 6. REPORTING OF RESULTS 6.1 The average of the values obtained shall be taken as the rpcci6c gravity of the soil particles and shall be reported to the nearest 0.01. If the two results differ by more than 0.03 the teats shall be repeated. 71%: 2720 ( Part lff/Sec 1) - 1986 Soil Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee, BDC 23:3 Convcnsr Represenfing Pros ALAM SINQE University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur Members SIIRI AMAR SINGI~ Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee _ - ~RPUTY UIIIECTOIZ RESEA~CII Ministry of Railways (FE-II ), RDSO DEPUTY DIRECTOR RESEA~CII ( SM-III ), RDSO ( Alternafc ) Druncron ( CSMRS ) Central Water Commission, New Delhi DEPUTY DIIIEC’~OR( CSMRS ) ( a4lfnnafc) PI~OFG OPAL RANJAN University of Roorkee, Roorkee Dn S. C. HANI~A ( Al&mare ) DB SIIAEIII K. GULHAYI Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi Sunx H. K. GUIIA Geologists Syndicate Pvt Ltd, Calcutta &RI H. N. BIIATTACIIAHAYA ( Altemnfe ) Sam 0. P. MALHOTRA Public Works Department, Chandigarh Adminis- I tration SH~I M. D. NAIR Associated Instruments Manufacturers ( I ) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi Pnos T. S. NA~ARAJ ( Alfe~dc ) Snnr N. M. PATEL Delhi College of Engineering, Delhi SI~ICIP . JAOANATIIA RAO Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi COL AVTAR Sr~o~r Engineer-in-Chief’s Branch, Army Hcadquartcrs LT-COL V. K. KANIT~AB ( Alfernatc ) Snap S. D. VIDYAI~TIII Public Works Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow DR B. L. D~AWAN ( Alkmute )BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquatiers : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002 Telephones : 3 31 01 31,3 31 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanstha ( Common to all Offices ) Regional Offices : Telephone Western ; Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri ( East ). 6 32 92 95 BOMBAY 400093 TEastern : l/l4 C. I. T. Scheme VII M, V. I. P. Road, 36 24 99 Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 Northern : SC0 445-446, Sector 35-C CHANDIGARH 160036 { :1::: Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 24 42 l 41 25 19 141 29 16 Branch Offices : Pushpak,’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, 2 63 48 4HMADABAD 380001 C 2 63 49 ‘F’ Block, Unity Bldg, Narasimharaja Square, 22 48 05 BANGALORE 560002 Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar. 6 27 l6 BHOPAL 462003 Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27 5315 Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road. - 5th Byelane. GUWAHATI 781003 5-8-56C L N. Gupta Marg. (Nampally Station Road), 22 10 83 HYDERABAD 500001 R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 11714188 Sarvodaya Nagar KANPUR 208005 Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05 Hantex Bldg ( 2nd Floor ). Rly Station Road, 52 27 TRIVANDRUM 695001 inspection Office ( With Sale Point ): Institution of Engineers ( India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, 5 24 35 PUNE 410005 *Sales Office in Bombay is st Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, 09 65 28 Bombay 400007 t.Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P. 0. Princrp 27 68 00 Street. Calcutta 700072 Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India
1597_2.pdf	IS 1597 ( Part 2 ) : 1992 vrJ?fbrm m 2 q?Tn fmf ( V@il yw%m ) Indian Standard CONSTRUCTION OF STONE MASONRY- CODE OF PRACTICE PART 2 ASHLAR MASONRY ( First Revision ) First Reprint JANUARY 1998 UDC 693’156 : 006’76 Q BIS 1992 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAPAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 July 1992 Price Group 3Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee, CED 13 FOREWORD This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by the Building Construction Practices Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. Use of stone masonry work is known and practised from the earlier days and natural building stone is extensively available in many parts of this country. The types of stone masonry construction followed depends on local factors like physical characteristics of the stone, climatic conditions, workmanship, etc. Certain broad principles in laying, bonding, breaking of joints and finish shall be complied with in order that the masonry develops adequate strength and presents a neat appearance. This standard (Part 2 ) covers ashlar masonry which is commonly used in stone work in most cases. Part I of the standard covers rubble masonry. Ashlar masonry is generally used in important buildings where strength and the life of the structure is the criterion. This type of masonry is also abundantly used in facing of the stone masonry. This standard was first published in 1967. The present revision has been taken up to incorporate the improvements found necessary in light of the usage of this standard and suggestions by various bodies implementing it. In the preparation of this standard several construction agencies in this country having wide experience in stone work have been consulted. Due weightage has also been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised)‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.IS 1597 ( Part 2 ) : 1992 Indian Standard CONSTRUCTION OF STONE MASONRY- CODE OF PRACTICE PART 2 ASHLAR MASONRY First Revision ) ( 1 SCOPE 6 SELECTION OF STONE 1.1 This standard ( Part 2 ) covers the des:gn and In selecting stone, the situation in which it construction of ashlar stone masonry. is to be used, has to be considered. The recom- mended use of common types of stones for 1.2 This standard covers only construction various situations has been shown in Table 2 of practices generally met with in India. IS 1597 ( Part 1 ) : 1992. 1.3 This standard does not cover: 7 DESIGN CONSIDERATION a) stone facing and veneering work, and 7.1 Types b) masonry for dams and other masonry work. 7.1.1 f’lnin Ashfar (see Fig. 1 ) 2 REFERENCES Stone blocks of the same height in each course, Standards listed in Annex A are necessary are used and every stone is fine tooled on all adjuncts to the standard. beds, joints and ,faces, full and true. 3 TERMINOLOGY 7.1.2 Sunk or Moulded (see Fig. 20) For the purpose of this standard, definitions The exposed faces of each stone block shall be pertaining to stone masonry given in 3 of IS 1597 gauged, cut, grooved, rebated, sunk or plain (Part 1 ) : 1992 shall apply. moulded as the case may be. Stone blocks of same height in each course are used. 4 NECESSARY INFORMATION 7.1.3 Rock (Quarry) Faced (see Fig. 2B) For efficient planning, design and execution The faces oi each stone block exposed to view, of the works detailed information with regard to shall have only chisel draft 25 mm wide alround the following shall be furnished. to those respon- the edges and between the drafts be left rough sible for the work: as the stone comes from the quarry; 4 Layout plan showing the orientation of the structure. 7.1.3.1 Chamfered ( see Fig. 2C ) b) Dimensioned details of the structure with In the case of chamfered masonry, the edges are details of sections (to a suitably large bevelled to 45” for a depth of about 2’5 cm. scale, that is, l/20 or I cm = 20 cm ) and Stone blocks of same height in each course are levels of foundations, finished ground used. levels, clear floor to floor height of rooms, sizes of openings, etc. 7.1.4 Rough Tooled or Punched (see Fig. 2A) 4 Type of stone and class of masonry, types The faces of each stone block exposed to view, of bond and final finish for the masonry; shall have a fine dressed chisel draft 2’5 cm wide the mixes of mortar to be used, etc; details alround the edges and be rough tooled between of architectural features, moulding and the drafts and on all beds and joints. Stone other special work. blocks of same height in each course are used. 4 Location and other details of openings, chases, embedments of service lines, such as 7.1.5 Block-in-Course ( see Fig. 3 ) for water supply, drainage and electrical This is hammer-faced or pitch-faced regular installations, and location and details of coursed masonry in large blocks. It is a superior hearths, flues and chimneys. type of coursed rubble masonry. 5 MATERIALS 7.2 Weather Protection 5.1 Materials to be used for ashlar masonry shall Generally ashlar masonry is not given any further be the same as in 5 of IS 1597 (Part 1) : 1992. protective rendering or finish.IS 187 ( Part 2 ) : 1992 - -.-- I I I Illi I I I I Th I I I . FIG. 1 PLAIN ASHLAR 2A Rough Tooled or Punched 20 Rock or Quarry Faced 2C Chamfered 2D Sunk or Moulded FIG. 2 ASHLAR MASONRY I-- X SECTION XX FIG. 3 BLOCK-IN-COURSEA SHLAR MASONRY 2IS 1597 ( Part 2 > : 1992 7.3 Rain Protection 8.7 In all types of ashlar masonry, the following shall be complied with. Information regarding rain protection is the same as in 7.3 of IS 1597 (Part 1 ) : 1992. 8.7.1 The natural bed of the stratified stone shall be so laid that the pressure is always perpendicular 7.4 Types of Mortar to the strata. Information regarding types of mortar to be used 8.7.2 The courses shall be built perpendicular to in the same as in 7.4 of IS 1597 ( Part 1) : 1992. the pressure which the masonry will bear. In case of battered walls, the beds of stone and the plane 7.5 Damp-Proof Course of courses shall be at right angle to the batter. For the functions, materials to be used, and the 8.7.3 Where the depth of courses vary, the places where damp-proof course is provided, largest stone shall be placed in the lower reference be made to 6.8 of IS 2212 : 1991. course. The thickness of courses shall also decrease gradually to the top. 7.6 Structural and Functional Characteristics 8.7.4 Stones shall break joint on the face for at 7.6.1 Stmctusal Stability and Strength least half the height of the course and the bond shall be carefully maintained throughout. Reference may be made to IS 1905 : 1987, IS 1893 : 1984 and IS 4326 : 1976 for design with regard to structural stability. 8.7.5 All connected masonry in a structure shall be carried up nearly at one uniform level through- out but when breaks are unavoidable, the joint 8 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR shall be raked back to a maximum angle of 30” MASONRY CONSTRUCTION to the horizontal so as to prevent cracks develop- ing between new and old work. 8.1 Setting Out The information regarding setting out is the same 8.7.6 All necessary chases for joggles, dowels and as 8 of IS 2212 : 1991. cramps should be formed on the stone beforehand. 8.2 Dressing of Stones 8.7.7 The walls, pillars shall be carried up truely plumb or to specified batter. The dressing of stone shall be as specified for indiGdua1 types of masonry work and it shall also conform to the. general requirements for 8.7.8 All courses shall be laid truely horizontal dressing of stones covered in IS 1129 : 1972. and all vertical joints shall be truely vertical. 8.3 Scaffolding 8.7.9 Storey rods showing the heights of all doors and windows and other necessary informa- Double scaffolding having two sets of vertical tion should be used at the time of construction support shall be used in accordance with IS 2750 : of masonry. 1964. 8.8 Fixing of Frames 8.4 Handling The information regarding fixing of frames is The use of grip in the tops of stones is preferable given in 8.8 of IS 1597 ( Part 1) : 1992. to any method of holding the stone at the ends, because it enables the stone to be set in final position before the tackle is released. Due care 8.9 Bearing of Floor shall be taken to protect finished surfaces and The information regarding bearing of floor is edges of stone against damage during handling. The various methods employed in dilferent given in 8.9 of IS 1597 (Part 1) : 1992. situations for lifting stone are shown in Fig. 10 of 1S 1597 ( Part 1 ) : 1992. 8.10 Jointing and Pointing 8.5 Tools that are required for stone masonry All joints shall be full of mortar. Pointing shall work, such as plumb bob and line, straight edges, be avoided as far as possible, but where unavoid- mason’s square, spirit level and trowel are able it shall be carried out as the work proceeds described in IS 1630 : 1984 and various types of using the same mortar as for bedding. If carried mason’s hammer, and chisels in IS 1129 : 1972. out by raking out the joint, later on after harden- ing, specially prepared mortars shall be used. The maximum thickness of joints shall be 3 mm except 8.6 Watering for block in course where it shall be 6 mm. The Stones shall be sulhciently wetted before laying to various types of pointing are shown in Fig. 10 of prevent absorption of water from mortar. IS 2212 : 1991. 3IS 1597(Pmt2):1992 8.11 curing grooved, rebated, sunk or plain moulded as required for the work. For this purpose a full size Green work shall be protected from rain by layout of the moulding shall be prepared on suitable covering. Masonry work and cement of platforms for which sheet templates shall be cut composite mortar shall be kept constantly moist and the stone dressed to the templates to a uni- in all the faces for a mini&urn period of 7 days. form and fine finish. The dressed surface shall The top of the masonry work shall be left flooded not be more than 3 mm from straight edge placed with water, with the close of the day. Watering on it. All visible angles and edgy shall be true shall be done carefully so as not to iisturb or and free from chippings. The joints,‘6 nim from wash out green mortar and use of perforated rose the face shall also be fine tooled so that a straight spout may be suitable. In the case of lime edge placed on it is in contact with every point. mortar, curing should com.mence two days after It shall be finest surface that can be given to a laying of masonry and shall continue for seven stone with the chisel and with rubbing. days. 9 CONDUCTION 9.2.2 The requirements regarding bond stones and laying shall be the same as in plain ashlai 9.1 PI8Im AsMar (see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ). 9.1 .I Dressing 9.3 Ashlar Rock Faced Every stone shall he cut to the required size and shape, chisel dressed on all beds and joints so as 9.3.1 Dressing to be free from bushing dressed surface, shall not show a depth of gap of more than 3 mm from The dressing of stone blocks in case of ashlar straight edge placed on it. The exposed faces and rock shall be similar to ashlar rough tooled joints 6 mm, from the face shall be fine tooled so (see 9.4.1) except that the exposed faces of the that a straight edge can be laid along the face of stone between the drafts shall be left rough as the stone in contact with every point. All visible the stone comes from the quarry; but no rock angles and edges shall be true and square and face or ‘bushing’ shall project more than 7’5 cm free from chippings. The corner stones ( quoins ) from plane of drafts. shall be dressed sq!:are and corner shall be straight and vertical. 9.3.2 The requirements regarding bond stones 9.1.2 Bond Stones and laying shall be the same as in plain ashlar ( see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ). Through bond stones shall be provided in walls up to 60 cm thick and in case of walls above 60 cm in:thickness. a set of two or more bond 9.4 Asblar Chamfered stones overlapping each other by at least 15 cm shall be provided m a line from face to back. In 9.4.1 Dressing case of highly absorbent type of stones (porous lime stone and sand stone. etc) the bond stone Stones required for ashlar chamfered masonry shall extend about two third into the wall, as shall be dressed as above except that the through stones in this case may give rise to damp edges round the exposed face of each stone shall penetration and hence for all thicknesses of such be bevelled off to 45” for a depth of about 2’5 cm walls a set of two or more bond stones overlap- or more as specified. ping -each other by at least 15 cm shall be provided. Each bond stone or a set of bond stones shall be provided at 1’5 m to 1’8 m apart 9.4.2 The requirements regarding bond stones and laying shall be the same as in plain ashlar clear in every course. ( see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ). 9.13 Laying The face stone shall be laid headers and stretchers 9.5 Asblar Rough Tooled altemately. The headers shall be so arranged to come as nearby as possible in the middle of 9.5.1 Dressing stretchers above or below. Stones shall be laid in regular courses of not less than 30 cm in height The dressing of stone blocks shall be similar to and all courses shall be of the same &eight unless plain ashlar except that face exposed in view shall otherwise specified. No stone shall be less in have a fine chisel draft 2’5 cm wide round the breadth than its height or less in length than edges and shall be rough tooled between the draft twice its height; unless otherwise specified. such that the dressed surface shall not deviate more than 3 mm from the straight edge placed 9.2AsLhrsnLorMutdded over it. 9.2.1 Dress@ 9.5.2 The requirements regarding bond stones Dressing shall he done in the same manner as in and laying shall be the same as on plain ashlar plain ashlar. The faces shall then be gauged, cut, ( see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ). 4IS 1597 ( Part 2 ) : 1992 9.6 Ashlar Block in Course required wedge shape so that the joints shall be truly radial. 9.6.1 Dressing 9.7.1.2 Tht! requirements regarding bond stone The stones are dressed all squared and laid lo and laying shall be the same as in plain ashlar fine joints (see 8.10) the faces usually being (see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ). Centering and shuttering hammer dressed. The stones selected, may be of required for this work should be of approved larger size than for plain ashlar. quality. 9.6.2 The requirements regarding bond stone and laying shall be the same as in plain ashlar 9.7.2 Moulded and Carved Columns (see 9.1.2 and 9.1.3 ) except that the courses vary between 20 to 25 cm in the thickness. This type of 9.7.2.1 Dressing masonry is, therefore, slightly superior to coursed rubble masonry. The dressing shall be done in the same manner as for plain ashlar (see 9.1.1 ). The joints with the 9.7 Ashlar Masonry for Special Works adjoining stones shall be truly vertical, horizontal, radial and circular as the case may be. The face 9.7.1 Arch Dome or Circular Moulded Works shall be dressed to uniform curves of planes as required for the work in accordance with the 9.7.1.1 Dressing method prescribed for ashlar plane ( see 9.1). The dressing shall be done in the same manner as for ashlar sunk moulded except that for arch or 9.7.2.2 Other details shall be the same as for dome work, the stones shall be dressed to the plain ashlar. ANNEX A ( Clause 2 ) LIST OF REFERRED INDIAN STANDARDS IS No. Title IS No. Title 1129 : 1972 Recommendations for dressing 1905 : 1987 Code of practice for structural of natural building stones (Jirst use of unreinforced masonry revision ) ( third revision ) 1597 Code of practice for construc- (Part 1 ) : 1992 tion of stone masonry: Part 1 2212 : 1991 Code of practice for brick work Rubble stone masonry (Jirst (first revision ) revision ) 1630 : 1984 Specification for mason’s tools 2750 . lg64 Specification for steel scaffoldings for plaster work and pointing * work (first revision > 1893 : 1984 Criteria for earthquake resistant 4326 : 1976 Code of practice for earthquake design of structures (fourth resistance design and construc- tion of buildings (jirst revision) revision 1Bureau of Indian Standards BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods and attending to connected matters in the country. BIS has the copyright of alI its publications. No part of these publications may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sixes, type or grade designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS. Review of Indian Standards Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Handbook’ and ‘Standards Monthly Additions’. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: No. CED 13 ( 4989 j , Amendments Issued Since Publication Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Headquarters: Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi 110002 Telegrams: Manaksanstha Telephones: 323 0131,323 33 75,323 94 02 (Common to all offices) Regional Offices: Telephone Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 323 76 17,323 38 41 NEW DELHI 110002 Eastern : l/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V.I.P. Road, Maniktola 1 333377 8846 99,337 8951 2601 CALCUTTA 700054 26,337 Northern : SC0 335-336, Sector 34-A CHANDIGARH 160022 { 6600 3280 4235 Southern : C.I.T. Campus, IV Cross Road, CHENNAI 600113 { 223355 0125 1169,,223355 0243 4125 Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East) MUMBAI 400093 { 883322 9728 9951,,883322 7788 5982 Branches : AHMADABAD. BANGALORE. BHOPAL. BHUBANESHWAR. COIMBATORE. FARIDABAD. GHAZIABAD. GUWAHATI. HYDERABAD. JAIPUR. KANPUR. LUCKNOW. NAGPUR. PATNA. PUNE. THIRUVANANTHAPURAM. Printed by Reprography Unit, BE, New Delhi

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