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---
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: flow_id
    dtype: string
  - name: features
    struct:
    - name: src_port
      dtype: float32
    - name: dst_port
      dtype: float32
    - name: protocol
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_duration
      dtype: float32
    - name: total_fwd_packet
      dtype: float32
    - name: total_bwd_packets
      dtype: float32
    - name: total_length_of_fwd_packet
      dtype: float32
    - name: total_length_of_bwd_packet
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packet_length_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packet_length_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packet_length_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packet_length_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packet_length_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packet_length_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packet_length_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packet_length_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_bytes_per_s
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_packets_per_s
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_iat_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_iat_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_iat_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: flow_iat_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_iat_total
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_iat_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_iat_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_iat_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_iat_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_iat_total
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_iat_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_iat_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_iat_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_iat_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_psh_flags
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_psh_flags
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_urg_flags
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_urg_flags
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_header_length
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_header_length
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packets_per_s
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packets_per_s
      dtype: float32
    - name: packet_length_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: packet_length_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: packet_length_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: packet_length_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: packet_length_variance
      dtype: float32
    - name: fin_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: syn_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: rst_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: psh_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: ack_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: urg_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: cwr_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: ece_flag_count
      dtype: float32
    - name: down_per_up_ratio
      dtype: float32
    - name: average_packet_size
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_segment_size_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_segment_size_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_bytes_per_bulk_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_packet_per_bulk_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_bulk_rate_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_bytes_per_bulk_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_packet_per_bulk_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_bulk_rate_avg
      dtype: float32
    - name: subflow_fwd_packets
      dtype: float32
    - name: subflow_fwd_bytes
      dtype: float32
    - name: subflow_bwd_packets
      dtype: float32
    - name: subflow_bwd_bytes
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_init_win_bytes
      dtype: float32
    - name: bwd_init_win_bytes
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_act_data_pkts
      dtype: float32
    - name: fwd_seg_size_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: active_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: active_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: active_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: active_min
      dtype: float32
    - name: idle_mean
      dtype: float32
    - name: idle_std
      dtype: float32
    - name: idle_max
      dtype: float32
    - name: idle_min
      dtype: float32
  - name: semantic_flags
    struct:
    - name: high_packet_rate
      dtype: int8
    - name: one_way_traffic
      dtype: int8
    - name: syn_ack_imbalance
      dtype: int8
    - name: uniform_packet_size
      dtype: int8
    - name: long_idle_c2
      dtype: int8
  - name: label
    dtype:
      class_label:
        names:
          '0': benign
          '1': analysis
          '2': backdoor
          '3': dos
          '4': exploits
          '5': fuzzers
          '6': generic
          '7': reconnaissance
          '8': shellcode
          '9': worms
  - name: is_attack
    dtype: int8
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 248798843
    num_examples: 671088
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 62199963
    num_examples: 167772
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 77749889
    num_examples: 209715
  download_size: 119275343
  dataset_size: 388748695
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: validation
    path: data/validation-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
language:
- en
tags:
- cybersecurity
size_categories:
- 1M<n<10M
---

# CICFlow Multiclass Intrusion Detection Dataset

## Overview

This dataset provides a **multiclass network intrusion detection (IDS) benchmark** derived from **CICFlowMeter flow-level features**.
It is designed for **attack-type classification**, **robust IDS research**, and **interpretable security modeling**.

Each network flow is labeled as either **benign** or one of **nine attack categories**, following a standard IDS taxonomy.

The dataset is published in **Hugging Face `datasets` format** with explicit schemas, clean preprocessing, and reproducible splits.

---

## Task

**Multiclass classification**

> *Given a network flow represented by CICFlowMeter features, predict the attack category.*

---

## Label Taxonomy

The dataset uses the following **10-class label space**:

| Label ID | Name           | Description                                |
| -------: | -------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
|        0 | benign         | Normal network traffic                     |
|        1 | analysis       | Port scans, probing, and analysis activity |
|        2 | backdoor       | Backdoor and remote access behavior        |
|        3 | dos            | Denial-of-Service attacks                  |
|        4 | exploits       | Exploitation of vulnerabilities            |
|        5 | fuzzers        | Fuzzing and malformed input attacks        |
|        6 | generic        | Generic attack traffic                     |
|        7 | reconnaissance | Reconnaissance and information gathering   |
|        8 | shellcode      | Shellcode execution attempts               |
|        9 | worms          | Worm propagation traffic                   |

### Additional label fields

* `label` → multiclass label (0–9)
* `is_attack` → binary indicator (`1` if label ≠ 0, else `0`)

This allows both **multiclass IDS** and **binary detection** experiments without reprocessing.

---

## Dataset Structure

```json
DatasetDict({
  train,
  validation,
  test
})
```

Each split contains records with the following schema:

```json
flow_id: string
features: dict[str, float]
semantic_flags: dict[str, int]
label: ClassLabel (0–9)
is_attack: int (0/1)
```

---

## Feature Description

### 1. Raw Numeric Features (`features`)

The `features` field contains **CICFlowMeter-derived flow statistics**, including:

#### Traffic volume & direction

* `total_fwd_packets`, `total_bwd_packets`
* `total_length_of_fwd_packets`
* `total_length_of_bwd_packets`
* `down_up_ratio`

#### Packet size statistics

* `packet_length_min`, `packet_length_max`
* `packet_length_mean`, `packet_length_std`, `packet_length_variance`
* Forward and backward packet length statistics

#### Timing & inter-arrival times

* `flow_duration`
* `flow_iat_mean`, `flow_iat_std`, `flow_iat_max`, `flow_iat_min`
* Forward and backward IAT statistics
* `active_*`, `idle_*` metrics

#### Rate-based features

* `flow_bytes_per_s`
* `flow_packets_per_s`
* `fwd_packets_per_s`, `bwd_packets_per_s`

#### TCP flag counters

* `syn_flag_count`, `ack_flag_count`, `rst_flag_count`
* `fin_flag_count`, `psh_flag_count`, `urg_flag_count`
* `cwr_flag_count`, `ece_flag_count`

#### Bulk and subflow statistics

* `*_bulk_*` features (conditionally emitted by CICFlowMeter)
* `subflow_fwd_*`, `subflow_bwd_*`

> **Note:** Some CICFlowMeter features are conditionally emitted.
> Missing or undefined numeric values were **filled with `0.0`**, which semantically indicates *absence of that behavior*.

---

### 2. Semantic Flags (`semantic_flags`)

To support **interpretable and rule-based IDS**, each flow includes deterministic semantic indicators:

| Flag                  | Meaning                                  |
| --------------------- | ---------------------------------------- |
| `high_packet_rate`    | Very high packets per second             |
| `one_way_traffic`     | Forward-only traffic (no response)       |
| `syn_ack_imbalance`   | Large SYN/ACK imbalance                  |
| `uniform_packet_size` | Low packet size variance                 |
| `long_idle_c2`        | Long idle periods (possible C2 behavior) |

These flags are:

* Derived deterministically from numeric features
* Stable across dataset versions
* Suitable for rule-based or hybrid ML systems

---

## Preprocessing Summary

The dataset was produced using a **fully deterministic pipeline**:

* Column name normalization
* Conversion of `NaN` / `±Infinity` → `0.0`
* Explicit label normalization (string → numeric)
* No row drops based on missing numeric values
* Stratified train/validation/test splits
* Explicit Hugging Face feature schemas

No synthetic balancing, oversampling, or augmentation was applied.

---

## Class Distribution & Imbalance

The dataset is **highly imbalanced**, reflecting real-world network traffic:

* Benign traffic dominates
* Some attack classes are rare

This is **intentional and realistic**.

Users are strongly encouraged to:

* Use **macro / weighted F1**
* Inspect **per-class recall**
* Apply **class weighting** where appropriate

Accuracy alone is not a meaningful metric for this dataset.

---

## Related Datasets

* A **binary IDS version** of this dataset is published separately for attack detection use cases.
* Both datasets share identical features and preprocessing logic.

---