{
"data": [
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32849",
"question": "how many physical and cultural features are there in the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 121,
"text": "two million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32850",
"question": "what is the type of information in a system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 249,
"text": "gazetteer"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32851",
"question": "who developed the standardization of the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 286,
"text": "United States Geological Survey"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32852",
"question": "the united states geological survey in cooperation with the united states board on cooperation with the united states board was developed on what names ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 365,
"text": "Geographic Names"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The database is part of a system that includes topographic map names and bibliographic references. The names of books and historic maps that confirm the feature or place name are cited. Variant names, alternatives to official federal names for a feature, are also recorded. Each feature receives a permanent, unique feature record identifier, sometimes called the GNIS identifier. The database never removes an entry, \"except in cases of obvious duplication.\"",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32853",
"question": "what are the database database ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "topographic map names and bibliographic references"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32854",
"question": "what is the unique feature of identifier ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 364,
"text": "GNIS identifier"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The GNIS accepts proposals for new or changed names for U.S. geographical features. The general public can make proposals at the GNIS web site and can review the justifications and supporters of the proposals.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32855",
"question": "where can the general public make proposals ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 129,
"text": "GNIS web site"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "\n",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "Geographic Names Information System"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "JSTOR ( ; short for \"Journal Storage\") is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of academic journals, it now also includes books and primary sources, and current issues of journals. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals. More than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries have access to JSTOR; most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32856",
"question": "what is a digital library in 1995 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 21,
"text": "Journal Storage"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32857",
"question": "when was a digital library founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "1995"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32858",
"question": "how many journals are there in the journal ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 264,
"text": "2,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32859",
"question": "how many institutions are in more than 160 countries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "8,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32860",
"question": "how many countries have access to most access ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 322,
"text": "160"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32861",
"question": "what is most access to most access ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 376,
"text": "subscription"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, founded JSTOR. JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a comprehensive collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term. Online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32862",
"question": "who was president of princeton in 1972 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "William G. Bowen"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32863",
"question": "when was the president of princeton university ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "1972 to 1988"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32864",
"question": "what was the name of the president of princeton university ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "JSTOR"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution. However, Ira Fuchs, Princeton University's vice-president for Computing and Information Technology, convinced Bowen that CD-ROM was an increasingly outdated technology and that network distribution could eliminate redundancy and increase accessibility. (For example, all Princeton's administrative and academic buildings were networked by 1989; the student dormitory network was completed in 1994; and campus networks like the one at Princeton were, in turn, linked to larger networks such as BITNET and the Internet.) JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its initial sites, and it became a fully searchable index accessible from any ordinary web browser. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear and readable.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32865",
"question": "what did princeton university 's vice-president 's vice-president for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 121,
"text": "Computing and Information Technology"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32866",
"question": "what did the network of cd-rom that cd-rom cd-rom do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 263,
"text": "eliminate redundancy and increase accessibility"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32867",
"question": "in what year were princeton 's administrative and academic buildings networked ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 398,
"text": "1989"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32868",
"question": "when was the student dormitory network completed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 451,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32869",
"question": "when was the seven library sites initiated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 601,
"text": "1995"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the \"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society\" dating from its beginning in 1665. The work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32870",
"question": "who were the two success of the limited project ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "Bowen and Kevin Guthrie"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32871",
"question": "what society did the royal society want to digitize ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "Royal Society of London"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32872",
"question": "what did the agreement digitize digitize to digitize ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 251,
"text": "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32873",
"question": "in what year was the `` philosophical transactions of the royal society '' dating ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 329,
"text": "1665"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32874",
"question": "when was the work of adding these volumes to jstor ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 394,
"text": "December 2000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially. Until January 2009 JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Then JSTOR merged with the nonprofit Ithaka Harbors, Inc. - a nonprofit organization founded in 2003 and \"dedicated to helping the academic community take full advantage of rapidly advancing information and networking technologies.\"",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32875",
"question": "who funded the andrew foundation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "Andrew W. Mellon Foundation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32876",
"question": "what was the name of the harbors that merged with inc. ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "Ithaka Harbors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32877",
"question": "when was inc. founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "2003"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers. The database contains more than 1,900 journal titles, in more than 50 disciplines. Each object is uniquely identified by an integer value, starting at codice_1.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32878",
"question": "how many publishers is the content of content ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 29,
"text": "more than 900 publishers"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32879",
"question": "how many journal does the database have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "1,900"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32880",
"question": "how many disciplines does the database have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 122,
"text": "50"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32881",
"question": "where is each object identified ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 206,
"text": "codice_1"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In addition to the main site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its \"Data for Research\" service. This site offers a search facility with graphical indication of the article coverage and loose integration into the main JSTOR site. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and basic metadata. They are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, subject to a non-disclosure agreement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32882",
"question": "what does the main site of corpus analysis group say the archives allows access to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 171,
"text": "Data for Research\" service"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "JSTOR Plant Science is available in addition to the main site. JSTOR Plant Science provides access to content such as plant type specimens, taxonomic structures, scientific literature, and related materials and aimed at those researching, teaching, or studying botany, biology, ecology, environmental, and conservation studies. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative (GPI) and are accessible only to JSTOR and GPI members. Two partner networks are contributing to this: the African Plants Initiative, which focuses on plants from Africa, and the Latin American Plants Initiative, which contributes plants from Latin America.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32883",
"question": "what is available in addition to the main site ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "JSTOR Plant Science"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32884",
"question": "what are the materials on the plant science contributed to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 393,
"text": "Global Plants Initiative"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32885",
"question": "what are the global plants accessible to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 451,
"text": "JSTOR and GPI members"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32886",
"question": "what is the name of the partner that focuses on plants ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 525,
"text": "African Plants Initiative"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32887",
"question": "what contributes to the african plants ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 597,
"text": "Latin American Plants Initiative"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "JSTOR launched its Books at JSTOR program in November 2012, adding 15,000 current and backlist books to its site. The books are linked with reviews and from citations in journal articles.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32888",
"question": "when was the books launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "November 2012"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32889",
"question": "how many current current books were killed in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "15,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "JSTOR is licensed mainly to academic institutions, public libraries, research institutions, museums, and schools. More than 7,000 institutions in more than 150 countries have access. JSTOR has been running a pilot program of allowing subscribing institutions to provide access to their alumni, in addition to current students and staff. The Alumni Access Program officially launched in January 2013. Individual subscriptions also are available to certain journal titles through the journal publisher. Every year, JSTOR blocks 150 million attempts by non-subscribers to read articles.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32890",
"question": "how many institutions are there in more than 150 countries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 124,
"text": "7,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32891",
"question": "how many countries have access to access ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "150"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32892",
"question": "when was the alumni access program launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 386,
"text": "January 2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32893",
"question": "how many attempts to read articles in every year ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 526,
"text": "150 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Inquiries have been made about the possibility of making JSTOR open access. According to Harvard Law professor Lawrence Lessig, JSTOR had been asked \"how much would it cost to make this available to the whole world, how much would we need to pay you? The answer was $250 million\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32894",
"question": "who was the harvard law professor that had been asked to make you ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 111,
"text": "Lawrence Lessig"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32895",
"question": "what was the answer answer for the answer ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 266,
"text": "$250 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In late 2010 and early 2011, Internet activist Aaron Swartz used MIT's data network to bulk-download a substantial portion of JSTOR's collection of academic journal articles. When the bulk-download was discovered, JSTOR employees initially placed a video camera in the room to film the mysterious visitor and left the relevant computer untouched. Once video was captured of the visitor, the download was stopped and Swartz identified. Rather than pursue a civil lawsuit against him, in June 2011 they reached a settlement wherein he surrendered the downloaded data. The articles that were downloaded by Swartz were from scholarly journals which published scientific papers largely funded by public universities and taxpayer money.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32896",
"question": "who used mit 's data network ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "Aaron Swartz"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32897",
"question": "who funded scientific papers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 691,
"text": "public universities and taxpayer money"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The following month, federal authorities charged Swartz with several \"data theft\"-related crimes, including wire fraud, computer fraud, unlawfully obtaining information from a protected computer, and recklessly damaging a protected computer. Prosecutors in the case claimed that Swartz acted with the intention of making the papers available on P2P file-sharing sites.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32898",
"question": "what did prosecutors believe acted with the papers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 345,
"text": "P2P file-sharing sites"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Swartz surrendered to authorities, pleaded not guilty to all counts, and was released on $100,000 bail. In September 2012, U.S. attorneys increased the number of charges against Swartz from four to thirteen, with a possible penalty of 35 years in prison and $1 million in fines. The case still was pending when Swartz committed suicide in January 2013. \nProsecutors dropped the charges after his death.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32899",
"question": "how much was authorities released for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "$100,000 bail"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32900",
"question": "how long did u.s. attorneys last in prison ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 235,
"text": "35 years"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32901",
"question": "how much did u.s. attorneys pay in fines in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 258,
"text": "$1 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32902",
"question": "when was the case still committed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 339,
"text": "January 2013"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The availability of most journals on JSTOR is controlled by a \"moving wall,\" which is an agreed-upon delay between the current volume of the journal and the latest volume available on JSTOR. This time period is specified by agreement between JSTOR and the publisher of the journal, which usually is three to five years. Publishers may request that the period of a \"moving wall\" be changed or request discontinuation of coverage. Formerly, publishers also could request that the \"moving wall\" be changed to a \"fixed wall\"\u2014a specified date after which JSTOR would not add new volumes to its database. , \"fixed wall\" agreements were still in effect with three publishers of 29 journals made available online through sites controlled by the publishers.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32903",
"question": "what is the availability of most journals ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 63,
"text": "moving wall"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32904",
"question": "how is the time period specified ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 224,
"text": "agreement between JSTOR and the publisher of the journal"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32905",
"question": "how long is the journal of the journal ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 299,
"text": "three to five years"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2010, JSTOR started adding current issues of certain journals through its Current Scholarship Program.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32906",
"question": "in what year did current issues of certain journals begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2010"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32907",
"question": "what was the name of the program that started current issues in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "Current Scholarship Program"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Beginning September 6, 2011, JSTOR made public domain content freely available to the public. This \"Early Journal Content\" program constitutes about 6% of JSTOR's total content, and includes over 500,000 documents from more than 200 journals that were published before 1923 in the United States, and before 1870 in other countries. JSTOR stated that it had been working on making this material free for some time. The Swartz controversy and Greg Maxwell's protest torrent of the same content led JSTOR to \"press ahead\" with the initiative.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32908",
"question": "when was the public domain content freely available ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "September 6, 2011"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32909",
"question": "what percentage of total content is early journal content ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 149,
"text": "6%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32910",
"question": "in what year was the `` early journal content '' published ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 307,
"text": "1870"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In January 2012, JSTOR started a pilot program, \"Register & Read,\" offering limited no-cost access (not open access) to archived articles for individuals who register for the service. At the conclusion of the pilot, in January 2013, JSTOR expanded Register & Read from an initial 76 publishers to include about 1,200 journals from over 700 publishers. Registered readers may read up to three articles online every two weeks, but may not print or download PDFs.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32911",
"question": "what is the name of the program that started a pilot program ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "Register & Read"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32912",
"question": "how many publishers did the pilot register from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 331,
"text": "over 700 publishers"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "This is done by placing up to 3 items on a \"shelf\". The \"Shelf\" is under \"My JSTOR\" below \"My Profile\". The 3 works can then be read online at any time. An item cannot be removed from the shelf until it has been there for 14 days. Removing an old work from the shelf creates space for a new one, but doing so means the old work can no longer be accessed until it is shelved again.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32913",
"question": "what is the done range of the `` shelf '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "3 items on a \"shelf\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "32914",
"question": "what is the `` shelf '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 74,
"text": "My JSTOR\" below \"My Profile\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "32915",
"question": "how long has an item been removed from the shelf ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 222,
"text": "14 days"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "JSTOR is conducting a , whereby established editors are given reading privileges through the Wikipedia Library, as with a university library.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32916",
"question": "what library is editors given to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "the Wikipedia Library"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2012, JSTOR users performed nearly 152 million searches, with more than 113 million article views and 73.5 million article downloads. JSTOR has been used as a resource for linguistics research to investigate trends in language use over time and also to analyze gender differences in scholarly publishing.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32917",
"question": "how many searches users were there in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 38,
"text": "152 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32918",
"question": "how many article downloads were downloads in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 75,
"text": "113 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32919",
"question": "how many article downloads performed in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 105,
"text": "73.5 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "JSTOR"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "Indonesia ( or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia ( ), is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands. At 1,904,569\u00a0square kilometres (735,358\u00a0sq\u00a0mi), Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32920",
"question": "where is the republic of indonesia located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32921",
"question": "what is the world 's largest island ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 220,
"text": "Indian and Pacific oceans"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32922",
"question": "how many thousand islands are in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 304,
"text": "thirteen"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32923",
"question": "how many people live in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 558,
"text": "260 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia's republican form of government includes an elected legislature and president. Indonesia has 34 provinces, of which five have Special Administrative status. Its capital and most populous city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia. Other neighbouring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas, tin, copper and gold. Agriculture mainly produces rice, palm oil, tea, coffee, cacao, medicinal plants, spices and rubber. Indonesia's major trading partners are Japan, United States, China and the surrounding countries of Singapore, Malaysia and Australia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32924",
"question": "how many provinces does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "34"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32925",
"question": "how many provinces have special administrative status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32926",
"question": "what is indonesia 's most populous city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 205,
"text": "Jakarta"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32927",
"question": "what is the name of the land borders in the country ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 251,
"text": "Papua New Guinea, East Timor"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indonesian archipelago has been an important region for trade since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders and Sufi scholars brought the now-dominant Islam, while European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolise trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism starting from Amboina and Batavia, and eventually all of the archipelago including Timor and West Papua, at times interrupted by Portuguese, French and British rule, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia also take a part to support Africa and Asian nations to oppose against any colonialism or neocolonialism.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32928",
"question": "when did the indonesian archipelago begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "7th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32929",
"question": "what is the name of the region that the indonesian archipelago has ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "Srivijaya"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32930",
"question": "which two countries did srivijaya and majapahit traded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 150,
"text": "China and India"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32931",
"question": "what were the dutch colonialism of dutch colonialism ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 693,
"text": "Amboina and Batavia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32932",
"question": "who interrupted the times at times ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 808,
"text": "Portuguese, French and British rule"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32933",
"question": "when did indonesia acquire its independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 886,
"text": "World War II"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest \u2013 and politically dominant \u2013 ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a Muslim-majority population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, \"\"Bhinneka Tunggal Ika\"\" (\"Unity in Diversity\" \"literally,\" \"many, yet one\"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP and the 8th largest by GDP at PPP, and considered as Emerging markets and Newly industrialized country. Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950. Indonesia was the founder of Non-Aligned Movement; and also the founding member of Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, East Asia Summit, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Indonesia is a member of the G20 major economies, OPEC, and World Trade Organization.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32934",
"question": "what is the name of the largest dominant group in the city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "Javanese"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32935",
"question": "what is another name for indonesia 's national motto ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 377,
"text": "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32936",
"question": "when did indonesia become a member of the united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 730,
"text": "1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32937",
"question": "what was indonesia 's founder ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 765,
"text": "Non-Aligned Movement"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The name \"Indonesia\" derives from the Greek name of the \"Indus River\" and the word \"n\u00e8sos\", meaning \"Indian island\". The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, George Windsor Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms \"Indunesians\"\u2014and, his preference, \"Malayunesians\"\u2014for the inhabitants of the \"Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago\". In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used \"Indonesia\" as a synonym for \"Indian Archipelago\". However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use \"Indonesia\". Instead, they used the terms \"Malay Archipelago\" (\"Maleische Archipel\"); the \"Netherlands East Indies\" (\"Nederlandsch Oost Indi\u00eb\"), popularly \"Indi\u00eb\"; \"the East\" (\"de Oost\"); and \"Insulinde\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32938",
"question": "what is the greek name for the name `` indonesia '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "Indus River"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32939",
"question": "what is another name for indian island ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "n\u00e8sos"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32940",
"question": "in what year was the terms of indian archipelago proposed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 210,
"text": "1850"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32941",
"question": "who proposed the terms `` indian archipelago '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 216,
"text": "George Windsor Earl"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32942",
"question": "who used `` indonesia '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 449,
"text": "James Richardson Logan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After 1900, the name \"Indonesia\" became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularised the name through his book \"Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884\u20131894\". The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name \"Indonesisch Pers-bureau\" in 1913.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32943",
"question": "when did the name `` indonesia '' become more common in academic circles ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 6,
"text": "1900"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32944",
"question": "who was the university of berlin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "Adolf Bastian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32945",
"question": "what was the first indonesian scholar to use the name of the name ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 366,
"text": "Suwardi Suryaningrat"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Fossils and the remains of tools show that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited by \"Homo erectus\", popularly known as \"Java Man\", between 1.5 million years ago and 35,000 years ago. \"Homo sapiens\" reached the region by around 45,000 years ago. Austronesian peoples, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to Southeast Asia from Taiwan. They arrived in Indonesia around 2000\u00a0BCE, and as they spread through the archipelago, confined the indigenous Melanesian peoples to the far eastern regions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32946",
"question": "what was the name of the tools that inhabited the indonesian archipelago ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 88,
"text": "Homo erectus"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32947",
"question": "what was the indonesian archipelago known as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "Java Man"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32948",
"question": "when was the indonesian archipelago inhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "1.5 million years ago and 35,000 years ago"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32949",
"question": "when did `` homo sapiens '' begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 230,
"text": "45,000 years ago"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32950",
"question": "in what year did the indigenous regions arrive in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 391,
"text": "2000\u00a0BCE"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ideal agricultural conditions and the mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early as the 8th century BCE, allowed villages, towns, and small kingdoms to flourish by the 1st century CE. Indonesia's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade, including links with Indian kingdoms and China, which were established several centuries BCE. Trade has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32951",
"question": "when did the mastering of wet-field begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 94,
"text": "8th century BCE"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32952",
"question": "when did the small agricultural conditions flourish ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "1st century CE"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32953",
"question": "what two countries were established in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 298,
"text": "Indian kingdoms and China"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "From the 7th century CE, the powerful Srivijaya naval kingdom flourished as a result of trade and the influences of Hinduism and Buddhism that were imported with it. Between the eighth and 10th centuries CE, the agricultural Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram dynasties thrived and declined in inland Java, leaving grand religious monuments such as Borobudur, Sewu and Prambanan. This period marked a renaissance of Hindu-Buddhist art in ancient Java.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32954",
"question": "when did the srivijaya naval kingdom begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "7th century CE"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32955",
"question": "what two groups were imported by the srivijaya naval kingdom ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Hinduism and Buddhism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32956",
"question": "what two dynasties declined in the eighth and 10th centuries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32957",
"question": "what were some grand religious monuments ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 351,
"text": "Borobudur, Sewu and Prambanan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Around the first quarter of the 10th century, the centre of the kingdom was shifted from Mataram area in Central Java to Brantas River valley in East Java by Mpu Sindok, who established the Isyana Dynasty. Subsequently, series of Javanese Hindu-Buddhist polities rise and fall, from Kahuripan kingdom ruled by Airlangga to Kadiri and Singhasari. In West Java, Sunda Kingdom was re-established circa 1030 according to Sanghyang Tapak inscription. In Bali, the Warmadewas established their rule on the Kingdom of Bali in the 10th century. The Hindu Majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern Java in the late 13th century, and under Gajah Mada, its influence stretched over much of Indonesia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32958",
"question": "where was the centre of the kingdom shifted from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 121,
"text": "Brantas River"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32959",
"question": "who established the dynasty in east java ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "Mpu Sindok"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32960",
"question": "what dynasty was established in the 10th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 190,
"text": "Isyana Dynasty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32961",
"question": "what was the kingdom of west java ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 399,
"text": "1030"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32962",
"question": "who founded the hindu majapahit kingdom ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 629,
"text": "Gajah Mada"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Although Muslim traders first travelled through Southeast Asia early in the Islamic era, the earliest evidence of Islamised populations in Indonesia dates to the 13th century in northern Sumatra. Other Indonesian areas gradually adopted Islam, and it was the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century. For the most part, Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences, which shaped the predominant form of Islam in Indonesia, particularly in Java.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32963",
"question": "when did the earliest evidence of islamised populations begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 162,
"text": "13th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32964",
"question": "where is the earliest evidence of populations in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "northern Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32965",
"question": "what religion was adopted by other indonesian areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 237,
"text": "Islam"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32966",
"question": "what was the dominant religion in the 16th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 280,
"text": "Java and Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32967",
"question": "when was the dominant religion of java adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 311,
"text": "the 16th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32968",
"question": "where did the religious form of islam come from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 495,
"text": "Java"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first regular contact between Europeans and the peoples of Indonesia began in 1512, when Portuguese traders led by Francisco Serr\u00e3o, sought to monopolise the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku. Dutch and British traders followed. In 1602, the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and in following decades, the Dutch has gained foothold in Batavia and Amboina. Throughout 17th and 18th centuries, the company became the dominant European power in the archipelago.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32969",
"question": "when did the first regular contact between europeans and the peoples of indonesia begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "1512"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32970",
"question": "who led the first regular contact between europeans and the peoples of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "Francisco Serr\u00e3o"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32971",
"question": "when was the dutch east india company established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "1602"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32972",
"question": "what was the name of the dutch company in 1602 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 288,
"text": "Dutch East India Company"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32973",
"question": "where was the dutch east india company gained foothold ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 379,
"text": "Batavia and Amboina"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following bankruptcy, the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, and the government of the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalised colony. For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over the archipelago was tenuous outside of coastal strongholds; only in the early 20th century did Dutch dominance extend to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries. Despite major internal political, social and sectarian divisions during the National Revolution, Indonesians, on the whole, found unity in their fight for independence. Japanese occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule, and encouraged the previously suppressed Indonesian independence movement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32974",
"question": "when was the dutch east indies formally dissolved ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "1800"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32975",
"question": "what did the netherlands establish ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Dutch East Indies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32976",
"question": "during which war did japanese occupation end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 580,
"text": "World War II"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A later UN report stated that four million people died in Indonesia as a result of famine and forced labor during the Japanese occupation. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno, an influential nationalist leader, declared independence and was appointed president. The Netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, and an armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949, when in the face of international pressure, the Dutch formally recognised Indonesian independence (with the exception of the Dutch territory of West New Guinea, which was incorporated into Indonesia following the 1962 New York Agreement, and the UN-mandated Act of Free Choice of 1969).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32977",
"question": "how many people died in indonesia in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "four million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32978",
"question": "when was the surrender of japan ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 180,
"text": "August 1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32979",
"question": "when did the armed and diplomatic struggle end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 383,
"text": "December 1949"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Sukarno moved Indonesia from democracy towards authoritarianism, and maintained his power base by balancing the opposing forces of the military and the Communist Party of Indonesia (\"Partai Komunis Indonesia\", PKI). An attempted coup on 30 September 1965 was countered by the army, who led a violent anti-communist purge, during which the PKI was blamed for the coup and effectively destroyed. Large-scale killings took place which targeted communists, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists. The most widely accepted estimates are that between 500,000 and one million people were killed, with some estimates as high as two to three million.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32980",
"question": "what was the name of the party that led to the military ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 152,
"text": "Communist Party of Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32981",
"question": "when did an attempted coup ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 237,
"text": "30 September 1965"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32982",
"question": "how many people were killed in the bronx ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 542,
"text": "500,000 and one million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32983",
"question": "how many people were killed in the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 624,
"text": "three million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The head of the military, General Suharto, outmaneuvered the politically weakened Sukarno and was formally appointed president in March 1968. His New Order administration was supported by the US government, and encouraged foreign direct investment in Indonesia, which was a major factor in the subsequent three decades of substantial economic growth. However, the authoritarian \"New Order\" was widely accused of corruption and suppression of political opposition.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32984",
"question": "what was the name of the head of the military ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 26,
"text": "General Suharto"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32985",
"question": "who did the head of the general suharto suharto ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "Sukarno"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32986",
"question": "when was the head of the military suharto ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "March 1968"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32987",
"question": "what was the authoritarian `` new order '' accused of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 412,
"text": "corruption and suppression of political opposition"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the late 1990s Asian financial crisis. This increased popular discontent with the New Order and led to popular protest across the country. Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998. In 1999, East Timor voted to secede from Indonesia, after a twenty-five-year military occupation that was marked by international condemnation of repression of the East Timorese.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32988",
"question": "what country was the country hardest hit by the late 1990s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32989",
"question": "when was indonesia hardest hit ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "late 1990s Asian financial crisis"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32990",
"question": "when did suharto resign ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "21 May 1998"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32991",
"question": "in what year did east timor secede to secede ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 216,
"text": "1999"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since Suharto's resignation, a strengthening of democratic processes has included a regional autonomy program, and the first direct presidential election in 2004, which was won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, who went on to win a second term in 2009. Political and economic instability, social unrest, corruption, and terrorism slowed progress; however, in the last five years the economy has performed strongly. Although relations among different religious and ethnic groups are largely harmonious, sectarian discontent and violence have persisted. A political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32992",
"question": "when was the first direct presidential election ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 157,
"text": "2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32993",
"question": "who won the first presidential election in 2004 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 180,
"text": "Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32994",
"question": "in what year was the first presidential election won ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 242,
"text": "2009"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32995",
"question": "when was a political settlement to an armed separatist conflict ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 626,
"text": "2005"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia lies between latitudes 11\u00b0S and 6\u00b0N, and longitudes 95\u00b0E and 141\u00b0E. It is the largest archipelagic country in the world, extending from east to west and from north to south. According to a geospatial survey conducted between 2007 and 2010 by National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping (Bakosurtanal), Indonesia has 13,466 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited. These are scattered over both sides of the equator. The largest are Java, Sumatra, Borneo (shared with Brunei and Malaysia), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi. Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on Borneo, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor. Indonesia shares maritime borders across narrow straits with Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Palau to the north, and with Australia to the south. The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang. Indonesia average population density is 134\u00a0people per square kilometre (347\u00a0per sq\u00a0mi), 79th in the world, although Java, the world's most populous island, has a population density of 940\u00a0people per square kilometre (2,435\u00a0per sq\u00a0mi).\nAt , Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145\u00a0square kilometres (442\u00a0sq\u00a0mi). Indonesia's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "32996",
"question": "what latitudes does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "11\u00b0S and 6\u00b0N"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32997",
"question": "what longitudes does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "95\u00b0E and 141\u00b0"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32998",
"question": "how many islands does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 334,
"text": "13,466"
}
]
},
{
"id": "32999",
"question": "how many people live in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1023,
"text": "134"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes, including Krakatoa and Tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century. The eruption of the Toba supervolcano, approximately 70,000 years ago, was one of the largest eruptions ever, and a global catastrophe. Recent disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 tsunami that killed an estimated 167,736 in northern Sumatra, and the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. However, volcanic ash is a major contributor to the high agricultural fertility that has historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33000",
"question": "indonesia 's location is on the edges of what plates ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33001",
"question": "how many active volcanoes does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 180,
"text": "150"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33002",
"question": "what are the active active volcanoes in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 212,
"text": "Krakatoa and Tambora"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33003",
"question": "how long did the eruption last ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 352,
"text": "70,000 years ago"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33004",
"question": "what was killed in northern sumatra ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 526,
"text": "167,736"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Lying along the equator, Indonesia's climate tends to be relatively even year-round. Indonesia has two seasons\u2014a wet season and a dry season\u2014with no extremes of summer or winter. For most of Indonesia, the dry season falls between April and October with the wet season between November and March. Indonesia's climate is almost entirely tropical, dominated by the Tropical rainforest climate found in every major island of Indonesia, followed by the Tropical monsoon climate that predominantly lies along Java's coastal north, Sulawesi's coastal south and east, and Bali, and finally the tropical Savanna climate, found in isolated locations of Central Java, lowland East Java, coastal southern Papua and smaller islands to the east of Lombok. However, cooler climate types do exist in mountainous regions of Indonesia 1300\u20131500 metres above sea level. The oceanic climate (K\u00f6ppen \"Cfb\") prevail in highland areas with fairly uniform precipitation year-round, adjacent to rainforest climates, while the subtropical highland climate (K\u00f6ppen \"Cwb\") exist in highland areas with a more pronounced dry season, adjacent to tropical monsoon and savanna climates.\nSome regions, such as Kalimantan and Sumatra, experience only slight differences in rainfall and temperature between the seasons, whereas others, such as Nusa Tenggara, experience far more pronounced differences with droughts in the dry season, and floods in the wet. Rainfall in Indonesia is plentiful, particularly in West Sumatra, West Kalimantan, West Java, and Papua. Parts of Sulawesi and some islands closer to Australia, such as Sumba is drier. The almost uniformly warm waters that make up 81% of Indonesia's area ensure that temperatures on land remain fairly constant. The coastal plains averaging , the inland and mountain areas averaging , and the higher mountain regions, . The area's relative humidity ranges between 70 and 90%.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33005",
"question": "when did the wet season begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 277,
"text": "November and March"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33006",
"question": "what percentage of indonesia 's area ensure that temperatures remain constant ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1655,
"text": "81%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Winds are moderate and generally predictable, with monsoons usually blowing in from the south and east in June through October and from the northwest in November through March. Typhoons and large scale storms pose little hazard to mariners in Indonesia waters; the major danger comes from swift currents in channels, such as the Lombok and Sape straits.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33007",
"question": "what are the names of the major danger of danger ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 329,
"text": "Lombok and Sape straits"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Tectonically, Indonesia is highly unstable. It lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire where the Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate are pushed under the Eurasian plate where they melt at about 100\u00a0km deep. A string of volcanoes stretches from Sumatra to the Banda Sea. While the volcanic ash has resulted in fertile soils, it makes agricultural conditions unpredictable in some areas. The string of volcanoes runs through Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara, and then loops around through to the Banda Islands of Maluku to northeastern Sulawesi. Of the 400 volcanoes, approximately 150 are active.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33008",
"question": "what is the name of the ring that the pacific plate are pushed under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "Pacific Ring of Fire"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33009",
"question": "which fire are pushed under the eurasian plate ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33010",
"question": "what plate are the pacific plate pushed under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 155,
"text": "Eurasian plate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33011",
"question": "when did the eurasian plate melt ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 195,
"text": "100\u00a0km deep"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33012",
"question": "where does a string of volcanoes come from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 260,
"text": "Banda Sea"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33013",
"question": "where does the string of volcanoes occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 424,
"text": "Sumatra, Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33014",
"question": "how many are active in the 400 volcanoes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 586,
"text": "150"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The most massive supervolcano eruption was the Toba eruption that took place at the present location of Lake Toba, about Before Present. The supervolcano eruption is believed to had caused volcanic winter and cooling of the climate, and subsequently led to a genetic bottleneck in human evolution about 50,000 years ago.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33015",
"question": "what was the most massive eruption ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "Toba eruption"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33016",
"question": "what was the name of the location that the toba eruption took place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "Lake Toba"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33017",
"question": "what is the eruption of the eruption ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 189,
"text": "volcanic winter and cooling of the climate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33018",
"question": "how long did the genetic bottleneck in human evolution last ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 303,
"text": "50,000 years ago"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Between 1972 and 1991, 29 volcanic eruptions were recorded, mostly on Java. The two most violent volcanic eruptions in modern times occurred in Indonesia; in 1815 Mount Tambora in Sumbawa erupted killing 92,000 people. Tambora produced the largest eruption known on the planet during the past 10,000 years. Also the eruption created an umbrella of volcanic ash which spread and blanketed Southeast Asia, plunging it into darkness for a week, and made a whole world without a summer in 1815. The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa was one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in recorded history. Nearly 40,000 deaths are attributed to the eruption itself and the tsunamis it created. Significant additional effects were also felt around the world in the days and weeks after the volcano's destruction.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33019",
"question": "how many volcanic eruptions were recorded between 1972 and 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 23,
"text": "29"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33020",
"question": "where were eruptions eruptions between 1972 and 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "Java"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33021",
"question": "in what year did the mount tambora occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "1815"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33022",
"question": "what was the name of the most violent volcanic volcanic eruptions in 1815 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 163,
"text": "Mount Tambora"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33023",
"question": "how many people died in indonesia in 1815 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 204,
"text": "92,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33024",
"question": "how many deaths are attributed to the eruption ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 611,
"text": "40,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity after Brazil. Its flora and fauna is a mixture of Asian and Australasian species. The islands of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) were once linked to the Asian mainland, and have a wealth of Asian fauna. Large species such as the tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, elephant, and leopard, were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically. Forests cover approximately 60% of the country. In Sumatra and Kalimantan, these are predominantly of Asian species. However, the forests of the smaller, and more densely populated Java, have largely been removed for human habitation and agriculture. Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku \u2013 having been long separated from the continental landmasses\u2014have developed their own unique flora and fauna. Papua was part of the Australian landmass, and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33025",
"question": "what are indonesia 's second highest level ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 18,
"text": "tropical climate, and archipelagic geography"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33026",
"question": "what species of species is flora and fauna ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 171,
"text": "Asian and Australasian species"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33027",
"question": "what percentage of the country is forests ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 545,
"text": "60%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia is second only to Australia in terms of total endemic species, with 36% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic. Indonesia's of coastline are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity. Indonesia has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems. Indonesia is one of Coral Triangle countries with the world's greatest diversity of coral reef fish with more than 1,650 species in eastern Indonesia only.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33028",
"question": "what percentage of australia 's species are endemic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 78,
"text": "36%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33029",
"question": "what percentage of mammal being endemic in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "39%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33030",
"question": "who surrounded indonesia 's coastline ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 206,
"text": "tropical seas"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace described a dividing line between the distribution of Indonesia's Asian and Australasian species. Known as the Wallace Line, it runs roughly north\u2013south along the edge of the Sunda Shelf, between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait, between Lombok and Bali. West of the line the flora and fauna are more Asian \u2013 moving east from Lombok they are increasingly Australian. In his 1869 book, \"The Malay Archipelago\", Wallace described numerous species unique to the area. The region of islands between his line and New Guinea is now termed Wallacea.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33031",
"question": "who described a dividing line between indonesia and australasian ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 23,
"text": "Alfred Russel Wallace"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33032",
"question": "what is another name for the wallace line ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "Wallace Line"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33033",
"question": "what is the region of islands between his line and new guinea called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 603,
"text": "Wallacea"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia's high population and rapid industrialisation present serious environmental issues, which are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance. Issues include large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires causing heavy smog over parts of western Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; over-exploitation of marine resources; and environmental problems associated with rapid urbanisation and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33034",
"question": "what are some examples of environmental problems ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 495,
"text": "air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Deforestation and the destruction of peatlands make Indonesia the world's third largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Habitat destruction threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species, including 140 species of mammals identified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as threatened, and 15 identified as critically endangered, including the Bali starling, Sumatran orangutan, and Javan rhinoceros.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33035",
"question": "how many species of mammals identified by the international union for conservation of nature ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 205,
"text": "140"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33036",
"question": "how many species identified as critically endangered , bali ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 319,
"text": "15"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33037",
"question": "what three species of mammals were threatened by the bali ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 388,
"text": "Sumatran orangutan, and Javan rhinoceros"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Much of Indonesia's deforestation is caused by forest clearing for the palm oil industry, which has cleared 18 million hectares of forest for palm oil expansion. Palm oil expansion requires land reallocation as well as changes to the local and natural ecosystems. Palm oil expansion can generate wealth for local communities, but it can also degrade ecosystems and cause social problems.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33038",
"question": "what caused the deforestation of indonesia 's deforestation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "forest clearing for the palm oil industry"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33039",
"question": "how much money does the palm oil industry have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 108,
"text": "18 million hectares"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has a below average but slightly improving performance in the global Environmental Performance Index (EPI) with an overall ranking of 107 out of 180 countries in 2016. This is also below average in the Asia Pacific region, behind Thailand but slightly ahead of China.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33040",
"question": "how many countries does indonesia have in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 144,
"text": "107"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33041",
"question": "how many countries does indonesia have in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 155,
"text": "180"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system. As a unitary state, power is concentrated in the central government. Following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesian political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms. Four amendments to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia have revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33042",
"question": "in what year did president suharto begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 171,
"text": "1998"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33043",
"question": "what do four amendments to the 1945 constitution do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 315,
"text": "revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The president of Indonesia is the head of state and head of government, commander-in-chief of \"Tentara Nasional Indonesia\" (Indonesian National Armed Forces), and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. The president appoints a council of ministers, who are not required to be elected members of the legislature. The 2004 presidential election was the first in which the people directly elected the president and vice-president. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33044",
"question": "what is the name of the commander-in-chief of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "Tentara Nasional Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33045",
"question": "what is the president of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 124,
"text": "Indonesian National Armed Forces"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33046",
"question": "what are the director of domestic governance ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "policy-making, and foreign affairs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33047",
"question": "what did the 2004 presidential election do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 400,
"text": "the people directly elected the president and vice-president"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33048",
"question": "how many terms does the president serve ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 499,
"text": "two consecutive five-year terms"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The highest representative body at national level is \"Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat\" (People's Consultative Assembly) or MPR. Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating the president, and formalising broad outlines of state policy. It has the power to impeach the president. The MPR comprises two houses; \"Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat\" (People's Representative Council) or DPR, with 560 members, and \"Dewan Perwakilan Daerah\" (Regional Representative Council) or DPD, with 132 members. The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch; party-aligned members are elected for five-year terms by proportional representation. Reforms since 1998 have markedly increased the DPR's role in national governance. The DPD is a new chamber for matters of regional management.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33049",
"question": "what is the highest representative body of national level ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33050",
"question": "what is the highest representative of the highest representative body ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "People's Consultative Assembly) or MPR"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33051",
"question": "what is the name of the people who wrote the representative council council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 342,
"text": "Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Most civil disputes appear before \"Pengadilan Negeri\" (State Court); appeals are heard before \"Pengadilan Tinggi\" (High Court). \"Mahkamah Agung\" is the country's highest court, and hears final cessation appeals and conducts case reviews. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles bankruptcy and insolvency; \"Pengadilan Tata Negara\" (State Administrative Court) to hear administrative law cases against the government; \"Mahkamah Konstitusi\" (Constitutional Court) to hear disputes concerning legality of law, general elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions; and \"Pengadilan Agama\" (Religious Court) to deal with codified Sharia Law cases.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33052",
"question": "what is another name for most civil disputes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Pengadilan Negeri"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33053",
"question": "what is the name of the high court that is heard in high court ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "Pengadilan Tinggi"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33054",
"question": "what is the country 's highest court ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 129,
"text": "Mahkamah Agung"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33055",
"question": "what is another name for state administrative court ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 323,
"text": "Pengadilan Tata Negara"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since 1999 Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the two legislative elections since the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has managed to win an overall majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33056",
"question": "in what year did indonesia have a multi-party system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 6,
"text": "1999"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33057",
"question": "what type of system has indonesia had ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "multi-party system"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (\"Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan\") is the party of Joko Widodo, the Indonesian President. The Great Indonesia Movement Party (\"Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya\") is the third largest political party.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33058",
"question": "what is the name of the indonesian president ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33059",
"question": "what is the name of the indonesian democratic party ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 46,
"text": "Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33060",
"question": "who is the indonesian president of struggle ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "Joko Widodo"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33061",
"question": "what is the name of the great indonesia movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33062",
"question": "what is the great indonesia movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 217,
"text": "third largest political party"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Administratively, Indonesia consists of 34 provinces, five of which have special status. Each province has its own legislature and governor. The provinces are subdivided into regencies (\"kabupaten\") and cities (\"kota\"), which are further subdivided into districts (\"kecamatan\" or \"distrik\" in Papua and West Papua), and again into administrative villages (either \"desa\", \"kelurahan\", \"kampung\", \"nagari\" in West Sumatra, or \"gampong\" in Aceh).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33063",
"question": "how many provinces does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "34"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33064",
"question": "how many of indonesia 's special status are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33065",
"question": "what is the provinces of the provinces of the provinces ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 175,
"text": "regencies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33066",
"question": "what are the provinces of the provinces called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "kabupaten"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33067",
"question": "what is another term for the provinces of the provinces ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 212,
"text": "kota"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The village is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia. Furthermore, a village is divided into several community groups (\"rukun warga\" (RW)) which are further divided into neighbourhood groups (\"rukun tetangga\" (RT)). In Java the \"desa\" (village) is divided further into smaller units called \"dusun\" or \"dukuh\" (hamlets), these units are the same as rukun warga. Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in 2001, the regencies and cities have become the key administrative units, responsible for providing most government services. The village administration level is the most influential on a citizen's daily life and handles matters of a village or neighbourhood through an elected \"lurah\" or \"kepala desa\" (village chief).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33068",
"question": "what does village stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 250,
"text": "desa"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33069",
"question": "what does hamlets stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 311,
"text": "\"dusun\" or \"dukuh\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "33070",
"question": "in what year did the regional autonomy measures ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 444,
"text": "2001"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The provinces of Aceh, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Papua, and West Papua have greater legislative privileges and a higher degree of autonomy from the central government than the other provinces. The Acehnese government, for example, has the right to create certain elements of an independent legal system. In 2003, it instituted a form of \"sharia\" (Islamic law).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33071",
"question": "which provinces have greater legislative privileges ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 17,
"text": "Aceh, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Papua, and West Papua"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33072",
"question": "in what year did the islamic law form a form of `` sharia '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "2003"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33073",
"question": "what is the islamic law called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 333,
"text": "sharia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Yogyakarta was granted the status of Special Region in recognition of its pivotal role in supporting Indonesian Republicans during the Indonesian Revolution and its willingness to join Indonesia as a republic. Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya, was granted special autonomy status in 2001 and was split into Papua and West Papua in February 2003. Jakarta is the country's special capital region.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33074",
"question": "what was granted the status of special region ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Yogyakarta"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33075",
"question": "what was granted the status of special region ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "Indonesian Republicans"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33076",
"question": "what was papua formerly known as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 235,
"text": "Irian Jaya"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33077",
"question": "when was papua granted special autonomy status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 286,
"text": "2001"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33078",
"question": "where was papua split split ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 310,
"text": "Papua and West Papua"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33079",
"question": "when was papua and west papua split ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 334,
"text": "February 2003"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Kalimantan Island (\"Pulau Kalimantan\")\nSulawesi Island (\"Pulau Sulawesi\")\nMaluku Islands (\"Kepulauan Maluku\")\nNew Guinea Island (\"Pulau Papua\")\nIn contrast to Sukarno's anti-imperialistic antipathy to Western powers and tensions with Malaysia, Indonesia's foreign relations since the New Order era have been based on economic and political co-operation with the Western world. Indonesia maintains close relationships with its neighbours in Asia, and is a founding member of ASEAN and the East Asia Summit. The country restored relations with the People's Republic of China in 1990 following a freeze in place since anti-communist purges early in the Suharto era.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33080",
"question": "what is the founding member of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 474,
"text": "ASEAN and the East Asia Summit"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33081",
"question": "when did the people 's republic of china take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 576,
"text": "1990"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950, and was a founder of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Indonesia is signatory to the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, the Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization (WTO), and an occasional member of OPEC. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, in particular from the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33082",
"question": "in what year did indonesia become a member of the non-aligned movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33083",
"question": "what are the founder of the non-aligned movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33084",
"question": "what does indonesia stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 235,
"text": "Cairns Group, and the World Trade Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33085",
"question": "in what year did indonesia receive humanitarian and development aid ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 385,
"text": "1966"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33086",
"question": "which countries have received humanitarian and development aid in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "western Europe, Australia, and Japan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indonesian government has worked with other countries to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators of major bombings linked to militant Islamism and Al-Qaeda. The deadliest bombing killed 202 people (including 164 international tourists) in the Bali resort town of Kuta in 2002. The attacks, and subsequent travel warnings issued by other countries, severely damaged Indonesia's tourism industry and foreign investment prospects.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33087",
"question": "what are the two bombings in the indonesian government ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "Islamism and Al-Qaeda"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33088",
"question": "how many people were killed in the bali resort ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "202"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33089",
"question": "what was the profession of the international tourists in bali ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 209,
"text": "164"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33090",
"question": "when was the bali resort ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 272,
"text": "2002"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia's Armed Forces (TNI) include the Army (TNI\u2013AD), Navy (TNI\u2013AL, which includes Marine Corps), and Air Force (TNI\u2013AU). The army has about 400,000 active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget was 4% of GDP in 2006, and is controversially supplemented by revenue from military commercial interests and foundations. One of the reforms following the 1998 resignation of Suharto was the removal of formal TNI representation in parliament; nevertheless, its political influence remains extensive.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33091",
"question": "how many active-duty personnel does the army have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "400,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33092",
"question": "what percentage of gdp was defense spending in 2006 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 220,
"text": "4%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Separatist movements in the provinces of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict, and subsequent allegations of human rights abuses and brutality from all sides. Following a sporadic thirty-year guerrilla war between the Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) and the Indonesian military, a ceasefire agreement was reached in 2005. In Papua, there has been a significant, albeit imperfect, implementation of regional autonomy laws, and a reported decline in the levels of violence and human rights abuses, since the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33093",
"question": "which two provinces have led to armed conflict ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "Aceh and Papua"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33094",
"question": "who reached the guerrilla war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) and the Indonesian military"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33095",
"question": "in what year was the indonesian agreement reached ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 316,
"text": "2005"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33096",
"question": "who is the presidency of papua ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 520,
"text": "Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesia's estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2016, is US$936.955 billion while GDP in PPP terms is US$$3.010 trillion. It is the sixteenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP and is the eighth largest in terms of GDP (PPP). As of 2016, per capita GDP in PPP is US$11,633 (international dollars) while Nominal per capita GDP is US$3,620.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33097",
"question": "how much is indonesia 's gross domestic product ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 268,
"text": "US$936.955 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33098",
"question": "what is indonesia 's gdp in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 313,
"text": "US$$3.010 trillion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33099",
"question": "what is nominal per capita gdp in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 549,
"text": "US$3,620"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The debt ratio to GDP is 26%. The services is the economy's largest and accounts for 43.3% of GDP (2016), this is followed by manufacturing sector (42.9%) and agriculture (13.7%). Since 2012, the service sector has employed more people than other sectors. In 2014 accounting for 44.8% of the total labour force was employed on service sector, this has been followed by agriculture (34.3%) and industry (20.9%). Agriculture, however, had been the country's largest employer for centuries.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33100",
"question": "what is the debt ratio to gdp ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "26%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33101",
"question": "what is the largest gdp in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "43.3%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33102",
"question": "what percentage of the total labour force was employed in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 279,
"text": "44.8%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia was the 25th biggest exporting country in the world in 2014, moving up fifth places from the previous five years. In the 2009\u20132014 period, the exports of Indonesia have increased at an annualized rate of 7.3%, from US$138 billion in 2009 to US$197 billion in 2014. The most recent exports are led by coal briquettes which represent 10.1% of the total exports, followed by palm oil (8.85%), petroleum gas (8.63%), crude petroleum (4.92%) and rubber (2.75%). Indonesia's main export markets (2014) are Japan (12.64%), China (10.56%), the United States (9.54%), Singapore (9.49%) and India (6.9%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are China (18.26%), Singapore (14.38%), Japan (8.65%), South Korea (6.52%) and Malaysia (5.96%). In 2014, Indonesia ran a trade surplus with export revenues of US$197 billion and import expenditure of US$178 billion.\nIndonesia has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Indonesia's major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs, and the country's major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, rubber, and textiles. In an attempt to boost the domestic mineral processing industry and encourage exports of higher value-added mineral products, the Indonesian government implemented a ban on exports of unprocessed mineral ores in 2014.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33103",
"question": "what was the rate of the exports of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 214,
"text": "7.3%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33104",
"question": "what was the exports of indonesia in 2009 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "US$138 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33105",
"question": "what was the exports of indonesia in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 251,
"text": "US$197 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33106",
"question": "what percentage of the total exports of the total exports are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 342,
"text": "10.1%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Palm oil production is important to the economy of Indonesia as the country is the world's biggest producer and consumer of the commodity, providing about half the world supply. Oil palm plantations stretch across 6 million hectares (roughly twice the size of Belgium). Indonesia plans by 2015 to add 4 million additional hectares towards oil palm biofuel production. As of 2012, Indonesia produces 35 percent of the world's certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33107",
"question": "what is the oil palm plantations in belgium ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 214,
"text": "6 million hectares"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33108",
"question": "what did indonesia 's plans add to indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 301,
"text": "4 million additional hectares towards oil palm biofuel production"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33109",
"question": "what percentage of the world 's certified sustainable palm is indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 399,
"text": "35 percent"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The tourism sector contributes to around US$10.1 billion of foreign exchange in 2013, and ranked as the 4th largest among goods and services export sectors. Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, China and Japan are the top five source of visitors to Indonesia.\nCorruption has been a persistent problem. Transparency International, for example, has since ranked Indonesia below 100 in its Corruption Perceptions Index. Since 2007, however, with the improvement in banking sector and domestic consumption, national economic growth has accelerated to over 6% annually and this helped Indonesia weather the 2008\u20132009 Great Recession. The Indonesian economy performed strongly during the financial crisis of 2007\u201308 and in 2012, its GDP grew by over 6%. Indonesia regained its investment grade rating in late 2011 after losing it in 1997. As of 2014, 11% of the population lived below the poverty line and the official open unemployment rate was 5.9%.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33110",
"question": "what is the tourism sector in 2013 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "US$10.1 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33111",
"question": "what percentage of the population lived below the poverty line ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 840,
"text": "11%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33112",
"question": "what was the official open unemployment rate in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 935,
"text": "5.9%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has a sizeable automotive industry, which produced almost 1.3 million motor vehicles in 2014, ranking as the 15th largest producer in the world. Nowadays, Indonesian automotive companies are able to produce cars with high ratio of local content (80% \u2013 90%). With production peaking at 14.5 billion packs in 2011, Indonesia is the second largest producer of instant noodle after China which produces 42.5 billion packs a year. Indofood is the largest instant noodle producer in the world. Indomie brand by Indofood is one of the Indonesia's best known global brand.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33113",
"question": "how many motor vehicles are in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 68,
"text": "1.3 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33114",
"question": "what percentage of local content are able to produce cars ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "80% \u2013 90%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33115",
"question": "what was the name of indonesia 's second largest producer ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 295,
"text": "14.5 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33116",
"question": "how much money did china receive in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 409,
"text": "42.5 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33117",
"question": "who is one of the best known global brand of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 515,
"text": "Indofood"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Of the world's 500 largest companies measured by revenue in 2014, the Fortune Global 500, two are headquartered in Indonesia i.e. Pertamina and Perusahaan Listrik Negara.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33118",
"question": "in what year did the world 's 500 companies measured by revenue ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33119",
"question": "what are the fortune global 500 companies measured in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "Pertamina and Perusahaan Listrik Negara"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Road transport is predominant, with a total system length of 437,759\u00a0km in 2008. Many cities and towns have some form of transportation for hire available as well such as taxis. There are usually also bus services of various kinds such as the Kopaja buses and the more sophisticated TransJakarta bus rapid transit system in Jakarta. The TransJakarta is the largest bus rapid transit system in the world, boasts some 194\u00a0km and carriers more than 300,000 passengers daily. In addition, BRT systems exist in Yogyakarta, Palembang, Bandung, Denpasar, Pekanbaru, Semarang, Makassar, and Padang without segregated lane. Many cities also have motorised auto rickshaws (\"bajaj\") of various kinds. Cycle rickshaws, called \"becak\" in Indonesia, are a regular sight on city roads and provide inexpensive transportation.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33120",
"question": "what is the total system in 2008 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 61,
"text": "437,759\u00a0km"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33121",
"question": "what is the largest bus rapid transit system in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 337,
"text": "TransJakarta"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33122",
"question": "how many km km is the largest bus system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 416,
"text": "194"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33123",
"question": "how many passengers are there in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 446,
"text": "300,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The rail transport system has four unconnected networks in Java and Sumatra primarily dedicated to transport bulk commodities and long-distance passenger traffic. The inter-city rail network on Java is complemented by local commuter rail services in the Jakarta metropolitan area (KA Commuter Jabodetabek), Surabaya, Medan, and Bandung. In Jakarta, suburban rail services carry 700,000 passengers a day. In addition, mass rapid transit and light rail transit systems are under construction in Jakarta and Palembang.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33124",
"question": "how many networks does the rail transport system have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "four"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33125",
"question": "where is the rail transport system dedicated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "Java and Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33126",
"question": "what does the rail transport system system primarily dedicated to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "transport bulk commodities and long-distance passenger traffic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33127",
"question": "how many passengers are in jakarta ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 378,
"text": "700,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33128",
"question": "where are mass rapid transit and light rail transit located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 493,
"text": "Jakarta and Palembang"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Sea transport is extremely important for economic integration and for domestic and foreign trade. It is well developed, with each of the major islands having at least one significant port city. Because Indonesia encompasses a sprawling archipelago, maritime shipping provides essential links between different parts of the country. Boats in common use include large container ships, a variety of ferries, passenger ships, sailing ships, and smaller motorised vessels. Traditional wooden vessel pinisi still widely used as the inter-island freight service within Indonesian archipelago. Port of Tanjung Priok is Indonesia's busiest port, and the 21st busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over 6.59 million TEUs. To boost the port capacity, two-phase \"New Tanjung Priok\" extension project is currently ongoing. When fully operational in 2023, it will triple existing annual capacity. In 2015 ground breaking of North Sumatra's Kuala Tanjung Port has been done. The port is an extremely strategic development that can accommodate 400.000 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) per year, overtaking Johor's Tanjung Pelepas Port and could even compete with Singapore's port.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33129",
"question": "how many teus are in the 21st busiest port ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 699,
"text": "6.59 million TEUs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33130",
"question": "in what year did fully operational annual annual capacity project occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 842,
"text": "2023"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Frequent ferry services cross the straits between nearby islands, especially in the chain of islands stretching from Sumatra through Java to the Lesser Sunda Islands. On the busy crossings between Sumatra, Java, and Bali, multiple car ferries run frequently twenty-four hours per day. There are also international ferry services between across the Strait of Malacca between Sumatra and Malaysia, and between Singapore and nearby Indonesian islands, such as Batam. A network of passenger ships makes longer connections to more remote islands, especially in the eastern part of the archipelago. The national shipping line, Pelni, provides passenger service to ports throughout the country on a two to four week schedule. These ships generally provide the least expensive way to cover long distances between islands. Still smaller privately run boats provide service between islands.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33131",
"question": "what is the name of the islands in which the chain cross the straits services ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "Lesser Sunda Islands"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33132",
"question": "what are some of the car ferries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 197,
"text": "Sumatra, Java, and Bali"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33133",
"question": "how long do multiple car ferries run ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 258,
"text": "twenty-four hours per day"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33134",
"question": "what is the name of the ferry services between singapore and nearby indonesian ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 457,
"text": "Batam"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33135",
"question": "what is the name of the national shipping line ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 621,
"text": "Pelni"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As of 2014, there were 237 airports in Indonesia, including 17 international airports. Soekarno\u2013Hatta International Airport is the 18th busiest airport in the world, serving 54,053,905 passengers, according to Airports Council International. Today the airport is running over capacity. After T3 Soekarno-Hatta Airport expansion was finished in August 2016, the total capacity of three terminals become 43 million passengers a year. T1 and T2 also will be revitalised, so all the three terminals finally will accommodate 67 million passengers a year. When finished, Soekarno-Hatta airport will be an aerotropolis. Juanda Airport in Surabaya and Ngurah Rai in Bali are the country's 2nd and 3rd busiest airport.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33136",
"question": "how many airports were in indonesia in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 23,
"text": "237"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33137",
"question": "how many international airports were in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "17"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33138",
"question": "what is the 18th busiest airport in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "Soekarno\u2013Hatta International Airport"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33139",
"question": "how many passengers are in the 18th busiest airport ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "54,053,905"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33140",
"question": "when was the t3 expansion expansion ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 344,
"text": "August 2016"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33141",
"question": "how many passengers did the total capacity of three terminals have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 402,
"text": "43 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33142",
"question": "how many passengers does t1 have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 520,
"text": "67 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Garuda Indonesia, flag carrier of Indonesia since 1949, was selected by Skytrax as \"The World's Best Economy Class\" in 2013. In December 2014, Garuda Indonesia was awarded as a \"5-Star Airline\" by Skytrax and the eight best airlines in the world. As well as in June 2015, it also was awarded with \"The World's Best Cabin Crew\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33143",
"question": "what was the name of the flag that was selected by skytrax ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Garuda Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33144",
"question": "in what year did garuda indonesia become the world 's best economy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 50,
"text": "1949"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33145",
"question": "who selected the world 's best economy in 2013 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 72,
"text": "Skytrax"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33146",
"question": "what did skytrax call skytrax ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "The World's Best Economy Class"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33147",
"question": "in what year did skytrax become the world 's best economy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33148",
"question": "what was garuda awarded by skytrax ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "5-Star Airline"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33149",
"question": "what was garuda awarded with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 298,
"text": "The World's Best Cabin Crew"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the 2010 national census, the population of Indonesia is 237.6 million, with high population growth at 1.9%. 58% of the population lives in Java, the world's most populous island. In 1961, the first post-colonial census gave a total population of 97 million.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33150",
"question": "what is the population of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "237.6 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33151",
"question": "what is the high population of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "1.9%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33152",
"question": "what percentage of the population lives in java ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 122,
"text": "58%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33153",
"question": "in what year did the first post-colonial census take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "1961"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33154",
"question": "what was the population of the census in 1961 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 260,
"text": "97 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia currently possess a relatively young population, with a median age of 28.2 years (2011 estimate).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33155",
"question": "what is the median age of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "28.2 years"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The population is expected to grow to around 269 million by 2020 and 321 million by 2050. An additional 8 million Indonesian live overseas, comprising one of the world's largest diasporas. Most of them settled in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Netherlands, United States, and Australia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33156",
"question": "how many million is the population expected to grow ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "269 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33157",
"question": "how many million million is the population in 2050 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "321 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33158",
"question": "how many indonesian live overseas live ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "8 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia is a very ethnically and linguistically diverse country, with around 300 distinct native ethnic groups, and 742 different languages and dialects. Most Indonesians are descended from Austronesian-speaking peoples whose languages can be traced to Proto-Austronesian, which possibly originated in Taiwan. Another major grouping are the Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33159",
"question": "how many distinct native ethnic groups are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "300"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33160",
"question": "how many different languages are in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 118,
"text": "742"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33161",
"question": "where is taiwan traced to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 255,
"text": "Proto-Austronesian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33162",
"question": "what are the major grouping of eastern indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 343,
"text": "Melanesians"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The largest ethnic group are the Javanese, who comprise 42% of the population, and are politically and culturally dominant. The Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese are the largest non-Javanese groups. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strong regional identities.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33163",
"question": "what is the largest ethnic group ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Javanese"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33164",
"question": "what percentage of the population is the javanese ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "42%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33165",
"question": "what are the largest non-javanese groups ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 124,
"text": "The Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered communal violence. Chinese Indonesians are an influential ethnic minority comprising 3\u20134% of the population. Much of the country's privately owned commerce and wealth is Chinese-Indonesian-controlled. Chinese businesses in Indonesia are part of the larger bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. This has contributed to considerable resentment, and even anti-Chinese violence.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33166",
"question": "what percentage of the population is chinese ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "3\u20134%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33167",
"question": "what is the privately owned commerce and wealth ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "Chinese-Indonesian-controlled"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "More than 700 regional languages are spoken in Indonesia's numerous islands. Some belong to the Austronesian language family, while many Papuan languages are spoken in Western New Guinea. The official language is Indonesian (also known as \"Bahasa Indonesia\") a variant of Malay, which was used in the archipelago. It borrows heavily from local languages such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, etc. Indonesian is primarily used in commerce, administration, education and the media, but most Indonesians speak other languages, such as Javanese, as their first language.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33168",
"question": "how many regional languages are spoken in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "700"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33169",
"question": "where are many papuan languages spoken ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "Western New Guinea"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33170",
"question": "what is the official language of malay ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "Indonesian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33171",
"question": "what is another name for the official language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 240,
"text": "Bahasa Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33172",
"question": "what language is used in the archipelago ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 272,
"text": "Malay"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33173",
"question": "what were some of the local languages that were borrows by local languages ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 362,
"text": "Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, etc"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33174",
"question": "where is indonesian indonesian primarily used ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 433,
"text": "commerce, administration, education and the media"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33175",
"question": "what is the name of the first language that speak other languages ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 536,
"text": "Javanese"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesian is based on the prestige dialect of Malay, that of the Johor-Riau Sultanate, which for centuries had been the \"lingua franca\" of the archipelago. It is the official language of Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei. Indonesian is universally taught in schools and consequently is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It is the language of business, politics, national media, education, and academia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33176",
"question": "what is the dialect of the sultanate based on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 47,
"text": "Malay"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33177",
"question": "what is the dialect of malay ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "Johor-Riau Sultanate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33178",
"question": "what did the sultanate of malay become ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 122,
"text": "lingua franca\" of the archipelago"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33179",
"question": "what is the official language of singapore ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 188,
"text": "Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33180",
"question": "how is indonesian universally spoken ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 294,
"text": "nearly every Indonesian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33181",
"question": "what are the language of cork ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 341,
"text": "business, politics, national media, education, and academia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesian was promoted by Indonesian nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language under the name \"Bahasa Indonesia\" in the proclamation of independence in 1945. Most Indonesians speak at least one of several hundred local languages and dialects, often as their first language. In comparison, Papua has over 270 indigenous Papuan and Austronesian languages, in a region of about 2.7 million people. Javanese is the most widely spoken local language, as it is the language of the largest ethnic group.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33182",
"question": "who promoted the indonesian language in the 1920s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 27,
"text": "Indonesian nationalists"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33183",
"question": "in what decade was indonesian nationalists promoted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "1920s"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33184",
"question": "what was the official name of the official language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Bahasa Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33185",
"question": "when was the proclamation of independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 173,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33186",
"question": "how many indigenous languages does papua have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "270"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33187",
"question": "how many people are in papua ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 396,
"text": "2.7 million people"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33188",
"question": "what is the most widely spoken local language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 416,
"text": "Javanese"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "While religious freedom is stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, the government officially recognises only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim majority country, at 87.2% in 2010, with the majority being Sunni Muslims (99%). The Shias and Ahmadis respectively constitute 0.5% and 0.2% of the Muslim population.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33189",
"question": "how many religions does the government have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "six"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33190",
"question": "what is indonesia 's most populous muslim majority in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "87.2%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33191",
"question": "what percentage of sunni muslims speak indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 327,
"text": "99%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33192",
"question": "what percentage of the muslim population is the shias and ahmadis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 379,
"text": "0.5% and 0.2%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2010, Christians made up almost 10% of the population (7% of the total population was Protestant, 2.9% Roman Catholic), 1.7% were Hindu, and 0.9% were Buddhist or other. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese, and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33193",
"question": "what percentage of the population was christians in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "10%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33194",
"question": "what percentage of the population was protestant ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "7%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33195",
"question": "what percent of the population was roman catholic in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "2.9%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33196",
"question": "what percentage of the population were hindu ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "1.7%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33197",
"question": "what percentage of the population were buddhist in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 144,
"text": "0.9%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Though now minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining influences in Indonesian culture. Islam was first adopted by Indonesians in northern Sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the country's dominant religion by the 16th century.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33198",
"question": "which two groups remain defining influences in indonesian culture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "Hinduism and Buddhism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33199",
"question": "who adopted islam in the 13th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "Indonesians"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33200",
"question": "where was islam first adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "northern Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33201",
"question": "when was islam first adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 169,
"text": "13th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33202",
"question": "when did islam become the country 's dominant religion ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 263,
"text": "the 16th century"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Roman Catholicism was brought to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries, and the Protestant denominations are largely a result of Dutch Reformed and Lutheran missionary efforts during the country's colonial period. A large proportion of Indonesians\u2014such as the Javanese \"abangan\", Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians\u2014practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33203",
"question": "who brought roman catholicism to indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 46,
"text": "early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33204",
"question": "what were the protestant denominations largely a result of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "Dutch Reformed and Lutheran missionary efforts"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33205",
"question": "which christians practice a less orthodox , syncretic form ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 278,
"text": "the Javanese \"abangan\", Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Most of indigenous native Indonesian beliefs could be categorised as animism, shamanism as well ancestral worship. Examples of Indonesian native belief systems are Sundanese Sunda Wiwitan, Dayak's Kaharingan, Torajan Aluk To Dolo, Manusela and Nuaulu's Naurus, Batak's Parmalim faith, and to some extent Javanese Kejawen belief. There are also a number of indigenous deities and ancestral worship in Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33206",
"question": "what is most of indigenous native indonesian beliefs ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "animism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33207",
"question": "what is the name of the belief that some indonesian native belief systems are to some extent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 304,
"text": "Javanese Kejawen belief"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33208",
"question": "where are there a number of indigenous deities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 400,
"text": "Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As many other developing country, high fertility rate still facing the main problem of this country. Traditionally, Indonesian society has viewed children as the source of fortune. A local \nsaying that more children equated to more fortune and it was widely believed that the use of contraceptives contravened religious and moral values. This contributed to a very high fertility rate. Recognising that high fertility was a major factor in creating widespread poverty. Child marriage is also sustained by traditional norms.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33209",
"question": "what was the use of the use of fortune and children ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 283,
"text": "contraceptives contravened religious and moral values"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33210",
"question": "child marriage is sustained by what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 505,
"text": "traditional norms"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Close to 80 percent of the Indonesian population lives in the west of the country, but that segment of the population is growing at a slower pace than the rest of the country. This make a gap in term of wealth, unemployment rate, and health between the densely populated islands like Sumatra and Java, which are the economic center of Indonesia and the sparsely populated islands such as Maluku, and Papua which also considered as Indonesia's disadvantaged area. The Income inequality is still a problem, not only effects to economy, but also social structure of Indonesia, resulting social discrimination. Racial discrimination especially against Chinese which is still a controversial issues and still continues in Indonesia since Dutch colonialization until recent.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33211",
"question": "what percentage of the indonesian population lives in the west ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "80 percent"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33212",
"question": "what are the densely populated islands in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 284,
"text": "Sumatra and Java"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33213",
"question": "what are some of the sparsely populated islands ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 388,
"text": "Maluku, and Papua"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Education in Indonesia is compulsory for twelve years. Parents can choose between state-run, non sectarian public schools supervised by Ministry of Education and Culture or private or semi-private religious (usually Islamic) schools supervised and financed by the Department of Religious Affairs. The enrolment rate is 94% for primary education (2011), 75% for secondary education, and 27% for tertiary education. The literacy rate is 93% (2011).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33214",
"question": "how long is education in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "twelve years"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33215",
"question": "what are two types of public schools ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 136,
"text": "Ministry of Education and Culture or private or semi-private religious"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33216",
"question": "who financed parents of the religious schools ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 264,
"text": "Department of Religious Affairs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33217",
"question": "what is the enrolment rate in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 319,
"text": "94%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33218",
"question": "what percentage of secondary education is for secondary education ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 353,
"text": "75%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33219",
"question": "what percentage of tertiary education is for tertiary education ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 386,
"text": "27%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33220",
"question": "what is the literacy rate in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 435,
"text": "93%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "By 2014, there were 118 state universities in Indonesia. Entry to higher education depends on the nationwide entrance examination (SNMPTN and SBMPTN). According to the 2015 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, the top university in Indonesia is University of Indonesia (rank 310, dropped from 201 in 2009), followed by Bandung Institute of Technology (in the 431\u2013460 rank range) and Gadjah Mada University (in the 551\u2013600 rank range). Five other Indonesian universities, including Airlangga University, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology and Brawijaya University all huddled in the 701+ range. All of educational institutions located in Java. Andalas University is pioneering the establishment of a leading university outside of Java.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33221",
"question": "how many universities were in indonesia in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "118"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33222",
"question": "how many university of indonesia is the top university in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 306,
"text": "201"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33223",
"question": "what is the top university in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 396,
"text": "Gadjah Mada University"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33224",
"question": "what university is pioneering the establishment of a leading university outside of java ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 717,
"text": "Andalas University"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Living in an agrarian and maritime culture the people in Indonesian's archipelago have been famous in some traditional technologies, particularly in agriculture and marine. In agriculture, for instance, the people in Indonesia, and also in many other Southeast Asian countries, are famous in paddy cultivation technique namely terasering. Bugis and Makassar people in Indonesia are also well-known with their technology in making wooden sailing vessel called pinisi boat.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33225",
"question": "where are the people in indonesian 's archipelago located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 149,
"text": "agriculture and marine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33226",
"question": "what is the name of the wooden sailing vessel in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 459,
"text": "pinisi boat"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In aerospace technology, Indonesia has a long history in developing military and small commuter aircraft as the only country in Southeast Asia to produce and develop its own aircraft, also producing aircraft components for Boeing and Airbus, with its state-owned aircraft company (founded in 1976), the Indonesian Aerospace (Indonesian: \"PT. Dirgantara Indonesia\"), which, with EADS CASA of Spain developed the CN-235 aircraft, which has been exported to many countries. B. J. Habibie, a former Indonesian president played an important role in this achievement. While active as a professor in Germany, Habibie conducted many research assignments, producing theories on thermodynamics, construction, and aerodynamics, known as the \"Habibie Factor\", \"Habibie Theorem\", and \"Habibie Method\" respectively. Indonesia also hopes to manufacture the South Korean KAI KF-X fighter. Indonesia is also the first developing country to launch its own satellite system, known as Palapa. Palapa is a series of communication satellite own by Indosat. The first satellite, PALAPA A1 was first launched on July 8, 1976 Florida time, or on July 9, 1976 Western Indonesian Time on a US rocket, Delta 2914, from the Kennedy Space Center. As of 2016, Indonesia has launched 11 satellites to connect alongside the archipelago.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33227",
"question": "when was the indonesian aerospace company founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 292,
"text": "1976"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has a well established railway industry, with its state-owned train manufacturer company, the Indonesian Railway Industry (Indonesian: \"PT. Industri Kereta Api\"), located in Madiun, East Java. Since 1982 the company has been producing passenger train wagons, freight wagons and other railway technologies and exported to many countries, such as Malaysia and Bangladesh. In the 1980s an Indonesian engineer, Tjokorda Raka Sukawati invented a road construction technique named Sosrobahu which becomes famous afterwards and widely used by many countries. The technology has been exported to Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and the United States.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33228",
"question": "what is the name of the indonesian industry in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "Indonesian Railway Industry"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33229",
"question": "where is api located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "Madiun, East Java"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33230",
"question": "who invented a road construction technique in the 1980s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 417,
"text": "Tjokorda Raka Sukawati"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33231",
"question": "what was the name of the technique that invented a road in the 1980s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 485,
"text": "Sosrobahu"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With an estimate of 132,700,000 users, Indonesia is one of the top ten largest countries by number of internet users. Indonesia is also the fourth largest countries by number of Facebook users and the third largest of Twitter users around the world. The majority of internet users in Indonesia is between 18\u201325 years old for 4 hours 42 minutes accessing internet everyday. Most of them accessing internet through mobile phone for 85% and the other use laptop for 32% PC for 14% and tablet for 13%.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33232",
"question": "how many users are in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "132,700,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33233",
"question": "how many years is the majority of internet users in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 305,
"text": "18\u201325"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33234",
"question": "how long is the majority of internet users in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "4 hours 42 minutes"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33235",
"question": "what percentage of pc residents accessing internet through mobile phone ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 430,
"text": "85%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33236",
"question": "what percentage of pc residents accessing internet % pc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 474,
"text": "14%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33237",
"question": "what percentage of pc residents accessing internet through 14 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 493,
"text": "13%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "However, internet is a relatively new communication medium in Indonesia. Like other countries, internet development in Indonesia just begun in the early 1990. Indonesia's first internet development story was different from other countries. It was very unique, because it was not started by government but started from little community called \n\"Paguyuban Network\" which means \"Network Group\". Then, in the middle of 1994, IndoNet, the first commercial Internet Service Provider, was \nestablished at Jakarta. Since then, internet in Indonesia grown more rapidly than any other countries in the world until nowadays.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33238",
"question": "when did internet development begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 153,
"text": "1990"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33239",
"question": "what was the name of the first commercial internet service provider ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 421,
"text": "IndoNet"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Both nature and culture are major components of Indonesian tourism. The natural heritage can boast a unique combination of a tropical climate, vast archipelago and long stretch of beaches. These natural attractions are complemented by a rich cultural heritage that reflects Indonesia's dynamic history and ethnic diversity. The ancient Prambanan and Borobudur temples, Toraja and Bali, with its Hindu festivities, are some of the popular destinations for cultural tourism.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33240",
"question": "what ancient temples are some of the popular destinations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 336,
"text": "Prambanan and Borobudur temples"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33241",
"question": "what two temples are some of the popular destinations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 369,
"text": "Toraja and Bali"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has a well-preserved natural ecosystem with rainforests that stretch over about 57% of Indonesia's land (225 million acres). Forests on Sumatra and Kalimantan are examples of popular tourist destinations, such as Orang Utan wildlife reserve. Moreover, Indonesia has one of longest coastlines in the world, measuring 54,716 kilometres (33,999\u00a0mi).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33242",
"question": "how much of indonesia 's land is indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "57%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33243",
"question": "how many acres of land does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "225 million acres"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33244",
"question": "what are forests on forests ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "Sumatra and Kalimantan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33245",
"question": "what is the name of the popular tourist destinations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "Orang Utan wildlife reserve"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33246",
"question": "what is the longest coastlines in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 326,
"text": "54,716 kilometres"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With 20% of the world's coral reefs, over 3,000 different species of fish and 600 coral species, deep water trenches, volcanic sea mounts, World War II wrecks, and an endless variety of macro life, scuba diving in Indonesia is both excellent and inexpensive. Bunaken National Marine Park, at the northern tip of Sulawesi has more than 70% of all the known fish species of the Indo-Western Pacific Ocean. According to Conservation International, marine surveys suggest that the marine life diversity in the Raja Ampat Islands is the highest recorded on Earth. Moreover, there are over 3,500 species living in Indonesian waters, including sharks, dolphins, manta rays, turtles, morays, cuttlefish, octopus and scorpaenidae, compared to 1,500 on the Great Barrier Reef.\nIndonesia has 8 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, such as the Komodo National Park, Cultural Landscape of Bali, Ujung Kulon National Park, Lorentz National Park, Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, comprises three national parks on the island of Sumatra: Gunung Leuser National Park, Kerinci Seblat National Park and the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park; and 18 World Heritage Sites in tentative list, such as the historic urban centres of Jakarta Old Town, Sawahlunto Old Coal Mining Town, Semarang Old Town, as well as Muara Takus Compound Site.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33247",
"question": "what percentage of the world 's coral reefs is coral ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 5,
"text": "20%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33248",
"question": "how many different species of fish are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "3,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33249",
"question": "what park has more than 70 % of the fish species ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 259,
"text": "Bunaken National Marine Park"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33250",
"question": "what percentage of the fish species of the pacific ocean has more fish ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 335,
"text": "70%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33251",
"question": "how many species are there in indonesian waters ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 584,
"text": "3,500"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The heritage tourism is focussed on specific interest on Indonesian history, such as colonial architectural heritage of Dutch East Indies era. The activities among others are visiting museums, churches, forts and historical colonial buildings, as well as spend some nights in colonial heritage hotels. The popular heritage tourism attractions are Jakarta Old Town and the royal Javanese courts of Yogyakarta, Surakarta and the Mangkunegaran.\nBali island received the Best Island award from Travel and Leisure in 2010. The island of Bali won because of its attractive surroundings (both mountain and coastal areas), diverse tourist attractions, excellent international and local restaurants, and the friendliness of the local people. According to BBC Travel released in 2011, Bali is one of the World's Best Islands, ranking second after Santorini, Greece. Bali is a major world surfing destination, with popular breaks dotted across the southern coastline and around the offshore island of Nusa Lembongan. As part of the Coral Triangle, Bali, including Nusa Penida, offers a wide range of dive sites with varying types of reefs.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33252",
"question": "what is the era of the heritage tourism ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 120,
"text": "Dutch East Indies era"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33253",
"question": "which courts are the royal javanese courts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 397,
"text": "Yogyakarta, Surakarta and the Mangkunegaran"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33254",
"question": "what were the best island award in bali ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 490,
"text": "Travel and Leisure"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Urban tourism activities includes shopping, sightseeing in big cities, or enjoying modern amusement parks, resorts, spas, nightlife and entertainment. Beautiful Indonesia Miniature Park as well as Ancol Dreamland with Dunia Fantasi (Fantasy World) theme park and Atlantis Water Adventure are Jakarta's answer to Disneyland-style amusement park and water park. The capital city, Jakarta, is a shopping hub in Southeast Asia. The city has numerous shopping malls and traditional markets. With a total of 550 hectares, Jakarta has the world's largest shopping mall floor area within a single city. The annual \"Jakarta Great Sale\" is held every year in June and July to celebrate Jakarta's anniversary. Bandung is a popular shopping destination for fashion products among Malaysians and Singaporeans.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33255",
"question": "what is the name of the beautiful indonesia miniature park ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 197,
"text": "Ancol Dreamland"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33256",
"question": "what is the name of jakarta 's answer to amusement park ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 263,
"text": "Atlantis Water Adventure"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33257",
"question": "what is the capital of southeast asia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 378,
"text": "Jakarta"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33258",
"question": "what is the total shopping mall in jakarta ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 502,
"text": "550 hectares"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33259",
"question": "when was the annual jakarta great sale held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 649,
"text": "June and July"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since January 2011, \"Wonderful Indonesia\" has been the slogan of an international marketing campaign directed by the Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism to promote tourism. In year 2015, 10.4 million international visitors entered Indonesia, staying in hotels for an average of 8.5 nights and spending an average of US$1,190 per person during their visit, or US$140 per person per day.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33260",
"question": "what was the name of the international marketing campaign directed by the indonesian ministry of culture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 21,
"text": "Wonderful Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33261",
"question": "who directed the slogan of an international marketing campaign ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 117,
"text": "Indonesian Ministry of Culture and Tourism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33262",
"question": "how many international visitors entered indonesia in 2015 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 194,
"text": "10.4 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33263",
"question": "how much did indonesia pay in year 2015 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 366,
"text": "US$140 per person per day"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia is a rich country with more than 300 ethnic groups. Each of them has it own art, architecture and housing, cuisine, traditional dress, festivals, music, dance, tradition, ritual, myths, philosophy of life, even language. The cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity. The result is a complex and very unique cultural mixture that different from the original indigenous cultures. The fusion of Islam with Hindu in Javanese Abangan belief, the fusion of Hinduism, Buddhism and animism in Bodha, and the fusion of Hinduism and animism in Kaharingan. Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do \"wayang kulit\" (shadow puppet) performances.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33264",
"question": "how many ethnic groups does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 43,
"text": "300"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33265",
"question": "what influenced the cultural identities centuries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 299,
"text": "Indian, Arabic, Chinese, and European sources"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33266",
"question": "what religions were influenced by indian practices ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Traditional carpentry, masonry, stone and woodwork techniques and decorations are also thrived in Indonesian vernacular architecture, with numbers of traditional houses' styles has been developed. The traditional houses and settlements of the several hundreds ethnic groups of Indonesia are extremely varied and all have their own specific history.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33267",
"question": "what type of architecture are traditional houses thrived in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 98,
"text": "Indonesian vernacular architecture"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indonesian film industry's popularity peaked in the 1980s and dominated cinemas in Indonesia, although it declined significantly in the early 1990s. Between 2000 and 2005, the number of Indonesian films released each year has steadily increased.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33268",
"question": "when did the number of indonesian films released each year ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 153,
"text": "Between 2000 and 2005"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As of 2015, Indonesia holds 8 items of UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage, which include wayang puppet theatre, kris, batik, education and training on making Indonesian batik, angklung, saman dance, noken, and the three genres of traditional Balinese dance. Batik which natives to Indonesia also was recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2009.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33269",
"question": "how many items does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 28,
"text": "8"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33270",
"question": "what type of heritage does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "Intangible Cultural Heritage"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33271",
"question": "what was the name of the unesco recognized by unesco in october 2009 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 329,
"text": "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33272",
"question": "when was the masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 388,
"text": "October 2009"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesian art is various artistic expressions and artworks of the archipelagic nation of Indonesia. It is quite difficult to define Indonesian art, since the country is immensely diverse. The sprawling archipelago nation consists of 13,466 islands. Around 922 of those permanently inhabited, by over 300 ethnic groups, which speaking more than 700 living languages. It is either work of arts produced by its people\u2014created by Indonesian artist, or influenced by its culture and traditions. Indonesian arts includes both age-old artforms developed through centuries, and recently developed contemporary art. Despite often displaying local ingenuity, Indonesian arts also has experienced foreign exposures and influences\u2014most notably from India, Arabia, China and Europe, as the result of centuries of contacts and interactions facilitated, and often motivated, by trade.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33273",
"question": "what type of islands does the sprawling archipelago consist of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 234,
"text": "13,466 islands"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33274",
"question": "what year was those permanently inhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 257,
"text": "922"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33275",
"question": "how many ethnic groups are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 296,
"text": "over 300 ethnic groups"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33276",
"question": "how many living languages are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 345,
"text": "700"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33277",
"question": "where did indonesian arts and interactions come from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 738,
"text": "India, Arabia, China and Europe"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The art of painting is quite well-developed in Bali, where its people are famed for their artistry. The Balinese art paintings tradition started as classical Kamasan or Wayang style visual narrative, derived from East Javanese visual art discovered on East Javanese candi bas reliefs. Balinese painting tradition are notable for its highly vigorous yet refined intricate art which resembles baroque folk art with tropical themes.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33278",
"question": "what is the name of the visual narrative paintings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 148,
"text": "classical Kamasan or Wayang style visual narrative"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33279",
"question": "where was the visual narrative narrative narrative derived from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "East Javanese visual art"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33280",
"question": "where was east art discovered ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 252,
"text": "East Javanese candi bas reliefs"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Megalithic sculpture has been discovered in several sites in Indonesia. Subsequently, tribal art has flourished within the culture of Nias, Batak, Asmat, Dayak and Toraja. Wood and stone are common materials used as the media for sculpting among these tribes. Between 8th to 15th century, Javanese civilization has developed a refined stone sculpting art and architecture which was influenced by Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic civilization. The celebrated example is the temples of Borobudur and Prambanan.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33281",
"question": "what has been discovered in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Megalithic sculpture"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33282",
"question": "tribal art has flourished within what culture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 134,
"text": "Nias, Batak, Asmat, Dayak and Toraja"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33283",
"question": "who influenced javanese civilization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 396,
"text": "Hindu-Buddhist Dharmic civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33284",
"question": "the celebrated example of what temples ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 474,
"text": "Borobudur and Prambanan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Architecture reflects the diversity of cultural that have shaped Indonesia as a whole. Invaders, colonisers, missionaries, merchants and traders brought cultural changes that had a profound effect on building styles and techniques. The most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture have traditionally been Indian; however, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have been significant.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33285",
"question": "what are the most dominant influences on indonesian architecture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 329,
"text": "Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indonesia traditional houses are at the centre of a web of customs, social relations, traditional laws, taboos, myths and religions that bind the villagers together. The house provides the main focus for the family and its community, and is the point of departure for many activities of its residents. Traditional houses hold a prominent position in the society, relates to its social significance.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33286",
"question": "what are some social relations in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "traditional laws, taboos, myths and religions that bind the villagers together"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Example of Indonesian vernacular architecture including Toraja's Tongkonan, Minangkabau's Rumah Gadang and Rangkiang, Javanese style Pendopo pavilion with Joglo style roof, Dayak's longhouses, various Malay houses, Balinese houses and temples, and also various styles of \"lumbung\" (rice barns).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33287",
"question": "what is another name for rice ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 272,
"text": "lumbung"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With more than 300 ethnic groups, Indonesia is considered as the \"home of world handicraft\". Every ethnic in Indonesia has it own uniqueness, style, and philosophy of craft. Most of them are made from wooden, bone, fabric, stone, paper, and other. Using hands, these natural materials were crafted into \nuseful and aesthetic items. Handicraft manufacturing, unlike most other manufacturing activities, has \na social function as well. In Indonesia, handicraft is not just a tradition; it is also an important economic sector. The handicraft industry employs thousands of people in towns and \nvillages across the country. About half a billion dollar worth of handicraft is \nexported every year, and many more is consumed domestically. ",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33288",
"question": "how many ethnic groups does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 15,
"text": "300"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33289",
"question": "what is indonesia 's nickname ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "home of world handicraft"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There are many varieties of handicraft from other regions. West Sumatra and South Sumatra are particularly noted for their songket cloths. Villages in Nusa Tenggara produce ikat. Provinces in Kalimantan (Borneo) are long known for their basketry and weaving using rattan and other natural fabrics. Wood art produced by the Asmat people of Papua is highly valued. Along the northern coast, Cirebon, Pekalongan, and Lasem are batik \ncenters. For furniture, the important cities are Cirebon (for rattan) and \nJepara (carved wood). Tasikmalaya is known for embroidery. Pasuruan also produces furniture and other products and may support stores \nand galleries in Bali. Bandung and Surabaya, both are modern, \ncosmopolitan, and industrialized cities\u2014much like Jakarta but on a \nlesser scale, are creative cities with a variety of innovative startups.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33290",
"question": "what are particularly noted for their songket ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "West Sumatra and South Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33291",
"question": "what are west sumatra particularly noted for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "songket cloths"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33292",
"question": "which villages produce the villages of villages ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "Nusa Tenggara"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33293",
"question": "what is the name of the provinces in borneo ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 192,
"text": "Kalimantan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Textiles such as batik, ikat, ulos and songket are several of many Indonesian crafts. Batik, which is origin to Indonesia is the most remarkable as it was recognized by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2009, and has become the national costume.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33294",
"question": "what is the origin of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 86,
"text": "Batik"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33295",
"question": "what country is the most remarkable as oral and intangible heritage ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "Indonesia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33296",
"question": "what is the origin of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 181,
"text": "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33297",
"question": "when was indonesia 's masterpiece of oral and intangible heritage ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 240,
"text": "October 2009"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As a multi-diverse country, Indonesia having more than 300 ethnic groups and 34 provinces, each has its own representation of traditional attire and dress from each province with its own unique and distinguished designs. Notable dress such as Kebaya and Batik both of Javanese from Java; Ulos of Batak from North Sumatra; Songket of Malay and Minangkabau from South Sumatra and West Sumatra; and Ikat of Sasak from Lombok.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33298",
"question": "how many ethnic groups does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "300"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33299",
"question": "how many provinces does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "34"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33300",
"question": "what are some dress of javanese ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "Kebaya and Batik"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Today, the most widely recognize Indonesian national costume are Batik and Kebaya, although originally those costumes mainly belong within the culture of Java and Bali, most prominently within Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese culture. National costumes are worn during official occasions as well as traditional ceremonies. The most obvious display of Indonesian national costumes can be seen by the type of costumes worn by the President of Indonesia and the Indonesian first lady in many and different types of occasions and settings, and also worn by Indonesian diplomatic officials during meeting or gala dinner.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33301",
"question": "what are the most widely recognize indonesian national costume ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "Batik and Kebaya"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33302",
"question": "what two culture do the costumes mainly belong to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "Java and Bali"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33303",
"question": "where are bali and bali located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 193,
"text": "Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese culture"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33304",
"question": "what are national costumes worn during ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 299,
"text": "traditional ceremonies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33305",
"question": "who worn the indonesian national costumes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 553,
"text": "Indonesian diplomatic officials during meeting or gala dinner"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The diverse world of Indonesian music genres was the result of the musical creativity of its people, and subsequent cultural encounters with foreign musical influences into the archipelago. Next to distinctive native form of musics, several genres can trace their origins to foreign influences, such as gambus and qasida from Middle Eastern Islamic music, keroncong from Portuguese influences, and dangdut\u2014one of the most popular music genres in Indonesia\u2014with notable Hindi music influence as well as Malay orchestras.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33306",
"question": "what is the native form of music in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "musics"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33307",
"question": "what is the focus of the most popular music genres ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 326,
"text": "Middle Eastern Islamic music"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33308",
"question": "what is the name of the hindi music influence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 502,
"text": "Malay orchestras"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Today, Indonesian music industry enjoys nationwide popularity. Thanks to common culture and intelligible languages between Indonesian and Malay, Indonesian music enjoyed regional popularity in neighbouring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. However, the overwhelming popularity of Indonesian music in Malaysia had alarmed the Malaysian music industry. In 2008, Malaysian music industry demanded the restriction of Indonesian songs on Malaysian radio broadcasts.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33309",
"question": "what two languages were regional popularity in neighbouring countries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "Indonesian and Malay"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33310",
"question": "what are some of the regional popularity in indonesian music ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 224,
"text": "Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33311",
"question": "in what year was the restriction of indonesian songs demanded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 370,
"text": "2008"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33312",
"question": "what type of broadcasts did the music industry provide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 449,
"text": "Malaysian radio broadcasts"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Traditional dance of Indonesia reflect the rich diversity of Indonesian people. The dance traditions in Indonesia; such as Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau, Balinese , Aceh and many other dances traditions are age old traditions, yet also a living and dynamic traditions. Several royal houses; the istanas and keratons still survived in some parts of Indonesia and become the haven of cultural conservation. The obvious difference between courtly dance and common folk dance traditions is the most evident in Javanese dance. The palace court traditions also evident in Balinese and Malay court which usually imposed refinement and prestige. Java and Bali are more deeply rooted in their Hindu-Buddhist heritage, while Sumatran courtly culture such as the remnant of Aceh Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate, are more influenced by Islamic culture.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33313",
"question": "where were the palace court traditions evident ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 569,
"text": "Balinese and Malay court"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33314",
"question": "what are the sumatran courtly culture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 766,
"text": "Aceh Sultanate and Palembang Sultanate"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Dances in Indonesia are believed by many scholars to have had their beginning in rituals and religious worship. Such dances are usually based on rituals, like the war dances, the dance of witch doctors, and dance to call for rain or any agricultural related rituals such as Hudoq dance ritual of Dayak people. In Bali, dances has become the integral part of Hindu Balinese rituals. Sacred ritual dances performed only in Balinese temples such as sacred Sanghyang dedari and Barong dance.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33315",
"question": "what types of worship are dances ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 81,
"text": "rituals and religious worship"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33316",
"question": "what are dances usually based on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "rituals"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33317",
"question": "what is the name of the dance ritual of witch ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 274,
"text": "Hudoq dance ritual of Dayak people"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33318",
"question": "what is the integral part of dances ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 358,
"text": "Hindu Balinese rituals"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33319",
"question": "where did sacred ritual dances ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 421,
"text": "Balinese temples"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33320",
"question": "what temples were performed by sacred ritual dances ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 453,
"text": "Sanghyang dedari and Barong dance"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The commoners folk dance is more concerned with social function and entertainment value than rituals. The Javanese Ronggeng and Sundanese Jaipongan is the fine example of this common folk dance traditions. Both are social dances that are more for entertainment purpose than rituals. Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people which incorporates dance, music, singing, drama and the martial art of silat. Certain traditional folk dances has been developed into mass dance with simple but structurised steps and movements, such as Poco-poco dance from Minahasa and Sajojo dance from Papua.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33321",
"question": "what is the fine example of this folk dance traditions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 106,
"text": "Javanese Ronggeng and Sundanese Jaipongan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour. It is diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 18,000 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia their home. Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences such as Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents. Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33322",
"question": "how many populated islands does indonesia have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "6,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33323",
"question": "what is indonesia 's largest populated islands ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "18,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33324",
"question": "how many ethnic groups are in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "300"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33325",
"question": "what are some foreign influences ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 418,
"text": "Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Some popular Indonesian dishes such as \"nasi goreng\", \"gado-gado\", \"sate\", and \"soto\" are ubiquitous in the country and considered as national dishes. The official national dish of Indonesia however, is \"tumpeng\", chosen in 2014 by Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy as the dish that binds the diversity of Indonesia's various culinary traditions. Another popular Indonesian dishes like \"rendang\" which is one of many Minangkabau cuisine, beside of \"dendeng\" and \"gulai\". In 2011, rendang was chosen as the \"Worlds Most Delicious Food\" that has been announced by CNN. Rendang can be made from beef that is slowly simmered with coconut milk and a mixture of lemongrass, galangal, garlic, turmeric, ginger and chilies, then left to stew for a few hours to make it tender, flavorful bovine goodness. Another fermented food such as \"oncom\", similar in some ways to \"tempeh\" but using a variety of bases (not only soy), created by different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33326",
"question": "what is another name for some popular indonesian dishes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "nasi goreng"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33327",
"question": "what is the name of the official national dish of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 204,
"text": "tumpeng"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33328",
"question": "who chosen the official national dish of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 232,
"text": "Indonesian Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33329",
"question": "what is the name of the popular indonesian dishes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 405,
"text": "rendang"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33330",
"question": "what was cnn chosen as in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 525,
"text": "Worlds Most Delicious Food"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33331",
"question": "what is another name for fermented food ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 846,
"text": "oncom"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Wayang, the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese shadow puppet theatre shows display several mythological legends such as Ramayana and Mahabharata, and many more. Wayang wong is Javanese traditional dance drama based on wayang stories. Various Balinese dance drama also can be included within traditional form of Indonesian drama. Another form of local drama is Javanese Ludruk and Ketoprak, Sundanese Sandiwara, and Betawi Lenong. All of these drama incorporated humor and jest, often involving audiences in their performance.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33332",
"question": "what are some of the mythological legends puppet theatre ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "Ramayana and Mahabharata"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33333",
"question": "what is the drama drama based on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 217,
"text": "wayang stories"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33334",
"question": "what is the local drama of local drama ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 359,
"text": "Javanese Ludruk and Ketoprak, Sundanese Sandiwara, and Betawi Lenong"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West Sumatra, usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals. It incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art, with performances often based on semi-historical Minangkabau legends and love story.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33335",
"question": "what is a folk theatre tradition ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Randai"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33336",
"question": "how many people are in the folk theatre ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "Minangkabau"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33337",
"question": "what is the folk theatre ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "West Sumatra"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33338",
"question": "what is the folk theatre performed for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 100,
"text": "traditional ceremonies and festivals"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33339",
"question": "what are some of the music art story ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 170,
"text": "dance, drama and the silat martial art"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33340",
"question": "what are the performances of performances often based on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "semi-historical Minangkabau legends and love story"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Modern performing art also developed in Indonesia with their distinct style of drama. Notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as \"Teater Koma\" are gain popularity in Indonesia as their drama often portray social and political satire of Indonesian society.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33341",
"question": "what is the name of the drama that are gain popularity in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 136,
"text": "Teater Koma"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Sports in Indonesia are generally male-oriented and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling. The most popular sports are badminton and football. Indonesian players have won the Thomas Cup (the world team championship of men's badminton) thirteen of the twenty-six times that it has been held since 1949, as well as numerous Olympic medals since the sport gained full Olympic status in 1992. Indonesian women have won the Uber Cup, the female equivalent of the Thomas Cup, 3 times, in 1975, 1994 and 1996. Liga Super Indonesia is the country's premier football club league.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33342",
"question": "what are the two sports sports in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 34,
"text": "male-oriented and spectator sports"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33343",
"question": "what are spectator sports often associated with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "illegal gambling"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33344",
"question": "what is the name of the world team championship of men 's badminton -rrb- ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 197,
"text": "Thomas Cup"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33345",
"question": "in what year did the thomas cup players been held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 318,
"text": "1949"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33346",
"question": "in what year did the sport sport become full olympic status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 405,
"text": "1992"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On the international stage, Indonesia experienced limited success despite being the first Asian team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup in 1938 as Dutch East Indies. In 1956, the football team played in the Olympics and played a hard-fought draw against the Soviet Union. On the continent level, Indonesia won the bronze medal once in football in the 1958 Asian Games. Indonesia's first appearance in Asian Cup was back in 1996. The Indonesian national team qualified for the Asian Cup in 2000, 2004 and 2007 AFC Asian Cup, however unable to move through next stage.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33347",
"question": "what was the first asian team in 1938 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "the first Asian team to qualify for the FIFA World Cup"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33348",
"question": "in what year did the first asian team qualify for the fifa world cup ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "1938"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33349",
"question": "what did the first asian team qualify for the fifa world cup in 1938 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "Dutch East Indies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33350",
"question": "in what year did the football team play in the olympics ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "1956"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33351",
"question": "when did indonesia win the bronze medal ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 350,
"text": "1958 Asian Games"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33352",
"question": "when was indonesia 's first appearance in asian cup back ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 422,
"text": "1996"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33353",
"question": "when did the indonesian national team qualified for the asian cup ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 488,
"text": "2000, 2004 and 2007 AFC Asian Cup"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Basketball has a long history in Indonesia and was part of the first Indonesian National Games in 1948. Boxing is a popular combative sport spectacle in Indonesia. Some of famous Indonesian boxers are Ellyas Pical, three times IBF Super flyweight champion; Nico Thomas, Muhammad Rachman, and Chris John. For racing sport, Indonesia has Rio Haryanto who become the first Indonesian to compete in Formula One.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33354",
"question": "what was the first basketball games in 1948 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "Indonesian National Games"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33355",
"question": "when was the first indonesian national games in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 98,
"text": "1948"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33356",
"question": "what is the famous indonesian boxers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "Ellyas Pical"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33357",
"question": "who has the first indonesian to compete in formula one one ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 336,
"text": "Rio Haryanto"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Traditional sports include \"sepak takraw\", and bull racing in Madura. In areas of Indonesia with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as \"caci\" in Flores and \"pasola\" in Sumba. \"Pencak Silat\" is an Indonesian martial art and in 1987, became one of the sporting events in Southeast Asian Games, with Indonesia appearing as one of the leading forces in this sport. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia is one of the major sport powerhouses by winning the Southeast Asian Games 10 times since 1977.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33358",
"question": "what is another name for traditional sports ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 28,
"text": "sepak takraw"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33359",
"question": "when was the sporting events in southeast asian games ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 258,
"text": "1987"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first domestically produced film in Indonesia was in 1926: \"Loetoeng Kasaroeng\", a silent film by Dutch director L. Heuveldorp. This adaptation of the Sundanese legend was made with local actors by the NV Java Film Company in Bandung.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33360",
"question": "when was the first film produced in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "1926"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33361",
"question": "what was the name of the silent film by dutch director ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "Loetoeng Kasaroeng"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33362",
"question": "who wrote the silent film in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 117,
"text": "L. Heuveldorp"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33363",
"question": "who made the adaptation of legend in bandung ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 206,
"text": "NV Java Film Company"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33364",
"question": "where was the java film company made ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 230,
"text": "Bandung"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After independence, the film industry expanded rapidly, with six films made in 1949 rising to 58 in 1955. Djamaluddin Malik's Persari often emulating American genre films and the working practices of the Hollywood studio system, as well as remaking popular Indian films. The Sukarno government used cinema for nationalistic, anti-Western purposes. Foreign film imports were banned. After the overthrow of Sukarno by Suharto's New Order regime, films were regulated through a censorship code that aimed to maintain the social order. Usmar Ismail, a director from West Sumatra made a major imprint in Indonesian film in the 1950s and 1960s.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33365",
"question": "in 1955 , what was the six films in 1949 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 94,
"text": "58"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Films made in the 1980s included \"Pintar-pintar Bodoh\" (1982), \"Maju Kena Mundur Kena\" (1984), \"Nagabonar\" (1987), \"Catatan Si Boy\" (1989), and Warkop's comedy films, directed by Arizal. Actors included Deddy Mizwar, Eva Arnaz, Meriam Bellina, and Rano Karno.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33366",
"question": "what was the name of the 1987 1987 era ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "Nagabonar"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33367",
"question": "what was the name of the comedy films that was made in 1989 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Catatan Si Boy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33368",
"question": "when was `` catatan si boy '' released ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "1989"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33369",
"question": "who directed the comedy films ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 179,
"text": "Arizal"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesia has held annual film festivals an awards, the Indonesian Film Festival (Festival Film Indonesia/FFI), which has been held intermittently since 1955. This festival hands out the Citra Award, an Indonesian counterpart of United State's Academy Awards, the most prestigious award among Indonesian film workers. From 1973 to 1992, the festival was held annually and then discontinued until it was later revived in 2004. ",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33370",
"question": "what is the name of indonesia 's festival ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "Indonesian Film Festival"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33371",
"question": "when was the indonesian film festival held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 153,
"text": "1955"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33372",
"question": "what is the name of the indonesian counterpart of united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "Citra Award"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33373",
"question": "what is the name of the indonesian counterpart of indonesian film workers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 229,
"text": "United State's Academy Awards"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33374",
"question": "in what year was the indonesian film festival held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 420,
"text": "2004"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century. Many of Indonesia's peoples have strongly rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. In written poetry and prose, a number of traditional forms dominate, mainly syair, pantun, gurindam, hikayat and babad. Some of these works are \"Syair Raja Siak\", \"Syair Abdul Muluk\", \"Hikayat Abdullah\", \"Hikayat Bayan Budiman\", \"Hikayat Hang Tuah\", \"Sulalatus Salatin\", and \"Babad Tanah Jawi\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33375",
"question": "when is the oldest evidence of writing in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "the 5th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33376",
"question": "what is the name of the works that are some of the works that are some of the works of the works ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 379,
"text": "Syair Raja Siak"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Early modern Indonesian literature originates in Sumatran tradition. Balai Pustaka, the government bureau for popular literature, was instituted around 1920 to promote the development of indigenous literature, it adopted Malay as the preferred common medium for Indonesia. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli, who criticised treatment of the Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule; Sumatrans Mohammad Yamin and Hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians; and proletarian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesia's most famous novelist. Pramoedya earned several accolades, and was frequently discussed as Indonesia's and Southeast Asia's best candidate for a Nobel Prize in Literature.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33377",
"question": "who was the government bureau for popular literature ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "Balai Pustaka"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33378",
"question": "in what year was malay instituted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 152,
"text": "1920"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33379",
"question": "who is the dutch author of dutch author ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 345,
"text": "Multatuli"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33380",
"question": "who were influential nationalist writers in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 427,
"text": "Sumatrans Mohammad Yamin and Hamka"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33381",
"question": "who was indonesia 's most famous novelist ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 561,
"text": "Pramoedya Ananta Toer"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Indonesian literature and poetry flourished even more in the first half of the 20th century. Chairil Anwar was considered as the greatest literary figure of Indonesia by American poet and translator, Burton Raffel. He was among those youngsters who pioneered in changing the traditional Indonesian literature and modifying it on the lines of the newly independent country. Some of his popular poems include \"Krawang-Bekasi\", \"Diponegoro\" and \"Aku\". Other major authors include Marah Roesli (\"Sitti Nurbaya\"), Merari Siregar (\"Azab dan Sengsara\"), Abdul Muis (\"Salah Asuhan\"), Djamaluddin Adinegoro (\"Darah Muda\"), Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (\"Layar Terkembang\"), and Amir Hamzah (\"Nyanyi Sunyi\") whose works are among the most well known in Maritime Southeast Asia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33382",
"question": "who was the greatest literary figure of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 93,
"text": "Chairil Anwar"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33383",
"question": "who was the translator of indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "Burton Raffel"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Media freedom in Indonesia increased considerably after the end of President Suharto's rule, during which the now-defunct Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media. The TV market includes ten national commercial networks, and provincial networks that compete with public TVRI. Private radio stations carry their own news bulletins and foreign broadcasters supply programs. At a reported 25 million users in 2008, Internet usage was estimated at 12.5% in September 2009. More than 30 million cell phones are sold in Indonesia each year, and 27% of them are local brands.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33384",
"question": "how many national commercial networks are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 240,
"text": "ten"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33385",
"question": "how many users lived in internet usage in 2008 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 439,
"text": "25 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33386",
"question": "what was internet usage in september 2009 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 497,
"text": "12.5%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33387",
"question": "how many cell phones are sold in indonesia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 532,
"text": "30 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33388",
"question": "what percentage of them are local brands brands ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 592,
"text": "27%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "Indonesia"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "In law, an unincorporated area or unincorporated community is a region of land that is not governed by its own local municipal corporation, but rather is administered as part of larger administrative divisions, such as a township, parish, borough, county, city, canton, state, province or country. Occasionally, municipalities dissolve or disincorporate, which may happen if they become fiscally insolvent, and services become the responsibility of a higher administration. In some countries, such as in Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom, all parts of the country are incorporated.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33389",
"question": "what is the region of land not governed by ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "its own local municipal corporation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33390",
"question": "where are all parts of the country incorporated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 504,
"text": "Brazil, Japan, France or the United Kingdom"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government, immediately beneath state and territorial governments. A local government area (LGA) often contains several towns and even entire cities. Thus, aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia is part of an LGA. Unincorporated areas are often in remote locations, cover vast areas and/or have very small populations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33391",
"question": "what are the local government of australia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "beneath state and territorial governments"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Postal addresses in unincorporated areas, as in other parts of Australia, normally use the suburb or locality names gazetted by the relevant state or territorial government. Thus, there is rarely any ambiguity regarding addresses in unincorporated areas.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33392",
"question": "what do postal addresses in australia use ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "the suburb or locality names gazetted by the relevant state or territorial government"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Australian Capital Territory has no municipalities and is in some sense an unincorporated area. The territorial government is directly responsible for matters normally carried out by local government.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33393",
"question": "what has no municipalities and municipalities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The Australian Capital Territory"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33394",
"question": "who carried the territorial government ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "local government"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The far west and north of New South Wales constitutes the Unincorporated Far West Region, which is sparsely populated and barely warrants an elected council. A civil servant in the state capital manages such matters as are necessary. The second unincorporated area of this state is Lord Howe Island.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33395",
"question": "where is the far west region located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 26,
"text": "New South Wales"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33396",
"question": "what is the name of the elected council of new south wales ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "Unincorporated Far West Region"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33397",
"question": "what is the name of the west region ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "sparsely populated and barely warrants an elected council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33398",
"question": "what is the second unincorporated area in the state ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "Lord Howe Island"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the Northern Territory, 1.45% of the total area and 4.0% of the population are in unincorporated areas, including \"Unincorporated Top End Region\" (Finniss-Mary, the largest), areas covered by the \"Darwin Rates Act\"\u2014Nhulunbuy, Alyangula on Groote Eylandt in the northern region, and Yulara in the southern region.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33399",
"question": "what percentage of the total area are in the northern territory ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 27,
"text": "1.45%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33400",
"question": "what percentage of the population are in the northern territory ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "4.0%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33401",
"question": "what is the largest area in the northern territory ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 118,
"text": "Unincorporated Top End Region"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In South Australia, 60% of the area is unincorporated and communities located within can receive municipal services provided by a state agency, the Outback Communities Authority.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33402",
"question": "what percentage of the area is unincorporated in south australia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "60%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33403",
"question": "what is the name of the state authority that can be found in south australia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 148,
"text": "Outback Communities Authority"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Victoria has a number of small unincorporated areas, most of which are ski resorts or small offshore islands:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33404",
"question": "what are most of the small unincorporated areas of victoria ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "ski resorts or small offshore islands"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "\nWestern Australia is exceptional in two respects. Firstly, the only remote area that is unincorporated is the Abrolhos Islands, which is officially uninhabited and controlled by the WA Department of Fisheries. Secondly, the other unincorporated areas are A-class reserves either in, or close to, the Perth metropolitan area, namely Rottnest Island (controlled by the Rottnest Island Authority) and Kings Park (Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33405",
"question": "what is the name of the only remote area that is uninhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 111,
"text": "Abrolhos Islands"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33406",
"question": "who controlled the islands ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 183,
"text": "WA Department of Fisheries"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33407",
"question": "what is the perth metropolitan area in the perth metropolitan area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 333,
"text": "Rottnest Island"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33408",
"question": "who controlled the perth metropolitan area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 368,
"text": "Rottnest Island Authority"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33409",
"question": "what is the name of the kings park in gardens ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 399,
"text": "Kings Park"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In Canada, depending on the province, an unincorporated settlement is one that does not have a municipal council that governs solely over the settlement. It is usually, but not always, part of a larger municipal government. This can range from small hamlets to large urbanized areas that are similar in size to towns and cities.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33410",
"question": "what does an municipal council do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 118,
"text": "governs solely over the settlement"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "For example, the urban service areas of Fort McMurray and Sherwood Park, of the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and Strathcona County respectively, would be the fifth and sixth largest cities in Alberta if they were incorporated.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33411",
"question": "what park was the urban service areas of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "Fort McMurray and Sherwood Park"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33412",
"question": "what is the name of the municipality of fort mcmurray ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo and Strathcona County"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In British Columbia, unincorporated settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely, and are administered directly by regional/county-level governments similar to the American system.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33413",
"question": "where is the american system located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "British Columbia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33414",
"question": "what is one of the reasons for settlements in british columbia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "settlements lie outside municipal boundaries entirely"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33415",
"question": "how are governments administered in british columbia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 124,
"text": "regional/county-level governments similar to the American system"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Unincorporated settlements with a population of between 100 and 1,000 residents may have the status of designated place in Canadian census data.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33416",
"question": "how many residents are in the canadian census ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "100 and 1,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In some provinces, large tracts of undeveloped wilderness or rural country are unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction. Some unincorporated settlements in such unorganized areas may have some types of municipal services provided to them by a quasi-governmental agency such as a local services board in Ontario. In New Brunswick where a significant population live in a Local Service District, taxation and services may come directly from the province.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33417",
"question": "what are the unorganized areas that fall directly under the provincial jurisdiction ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "undeveloped wilderness or rural country"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The entire area of the Czech Republic is divided into municipalities (Obce), with the only exception being 5 military areas. These are parts of the regions and do not form self-governing municipalities, but are rather governed by military offices (\"\u00fajezdn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad\"), which are subordinate to the Ministry of Defense.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33418",
"question": "what is the entire area of the czech republic divided into ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "municipalities"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33419",
"question": "how many military areas are in the czech republic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 107,
"text": "5"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33420",
"question": "what are the self-governing municipalities rather governed by ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 230,
"text": "military offices"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33421",
"question": "what is the ministry subordinate to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 294,
"text": "Ministry of Defense"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since Germany has no administrative level comparable to the townships of other countries, the vast majority of the country, close to 99%, is organized in municipalities (German: \"Gemeinde\", plural \"Gemeinden\"), often consisting of multiple settlements which are not considered to be unincorporated. Because these settlements lack a council of their own, there is usually an \"Ortsvorsteher\" / \"Ortsvorsteherin\" (village chairman / chairwoman) appointed by the municipal council, except in the very smallest villages.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33422",
"question": "what percentage of the country is organized in municipalities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "99%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33423",
"question": "what does municipalities mean in municipalities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "Gemeinden"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33424",
"question": "what is the name of the village chairman of the municipal council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 375,
"text": "Ortsvorsteher\" / \"Ortsvorsteherin\""
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2000, the number of unincorporated areas in Germany, called \"gemeindefreie Gebiete\" (municipality-free areas) or singular \"gemeindefreies Gebiet\", was 295 with a total area of 4,890.33\u00a0km\u00b2 and around 1.4% of its territory.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33425",
"question": "in what year was the number of unincorporated areas in germany called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33426",
"question": "what is the name of the number of unincorporated areas in germany ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "gemeindefreie Gebiete"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33427",
"question": "how many unincorporated areas of germany were there in 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "295"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33428",
"question": "what is the total area of germany in 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 179,
"text": "4,890.33"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33429",
"question": "what percentage of germany 's territory was called in 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 203,
"text": "1.4%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": ", Germany had 248 uninhabited unincorporated areas (of which 214 are located in Bavaria), not belonging to any municipality, consisting mostly of forested areas, lakes and larger rivers. There were also three inhabited unincorporated areas, all of which served as military training areas: Osterheide and Lohheide in Lower Saxony, and Gutsbezirk M\u00fcnsingen in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg. They had fewer than 2,000 inhabitants in total. Gutsbezirk M\u00fcnsingen, after losing its inhabited parts to adjacent municipalities on 1 January 2011, is uninhabited now.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33430",
"question": "what was germany 's nationality ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 14,
"text": "248"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33431",
"question": "what is located in bavaria in bavaria ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 61,
"text": "214"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33432",
"question": "where were the military training areas located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 358,
"text": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33433",
"question": "how many inhabitants were there in total ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 397,
"text": "2,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33434",
"question": "who is uninhabited now uninhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 425,
"text": "Gutsbezirk M\u00fcnsingen"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33435",
"question": "on what date was uninhabited now inhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 510,
"text": "1 January 2011"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The following shows the largest unincorporated areas in Germany (including all inhabited areas, but excluding lakes) with an area of more than 50\u00a0km\u00b2:\n\u2020 No inhabitants since 1 January 2011 as a result of reduction in area.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33436",
"question": "how many km \u00b2 \u00b2 are there in germany ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "50"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33437",
"question": "when did the largest unincorporated areas of germany begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "1 January 2011"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In Bavaria, there are other contiguous unincorporated areas covering more than 50\u00a0km\u00b2; these are however composed of several adjacent unincorporated areas combined, each of which is however under 50\u00a0km\u00b2 in area.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33438",
"question": "what is the contiguous unincorporated areas in bavaria ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "more than 50\u00a0km\u00b2"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33439",
"question": "how many km \u00b2 is each year ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "50"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Netherlands has had regular periods with unincorporated land when newly reclaimed land polders fall dry. Unincorporated land is since medieval times administered by an appointed officer with the name \"Landdrost\" or \"Drossaart\". Also, Elten and Tudderen, both annexed from Germany after World War II, were governed by a Landdrost until they were ceded to Germany in 1963.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33440",
"question": "what was the name of the officer administered by medieval times ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 204,
"text": "\"Landdrost\" or \"Drossaart\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "33441",
"question": "after what war were germany annexed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "World War II"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33442",
"question": "in what year was germany ceded to germany ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 369,
"text": "1963"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The most recent period with unincorporated land started in 1967 when the dyke around Southern Flevoland was closed. It however requires several years before the polder is genuinely accessible for cultivation and construction of roads and homes can start, as in the first years the soil is equivalent to quick sand. During the initial period of inhabitation a special, government-appointed officer was installed, known as the \"Landdrost\". During the administrative office of a Landdrost there is no municipal council.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33443",
"question": "when did the most recent period begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "1967"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33444",
"question": "what was closed in 1967 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "Southern Flevoland"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33445",
"question": "what is the soil equivalent to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 303,
"text": "quick sand"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33446",
"question": "what was the name of the special officer that was installed during the initial period ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 426,
"text": "Landdrost"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1975, the first homes in what is now the city of Almere were built and from 1976 to 1984 the area was governed by the \"Landdrost\" as the executive of the \"Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders\" (Public Body Southern IJsselmeerpolders). In 1984 the \"Landdrost\" became the first mayor of the new city Almere. Since that date the Netherlands does not have any unincorporated land areas.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33447",
"question": "in what year was the first homes in what is built ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1975"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33448",
"question": "what was the name of the executive of the first homes in the 1975 area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 122,
"text": "Landdrost"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33449",
"question": "what was the name of the first homes in the 1975 area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33450",
"question": "what was the name of the first homes in the 1975 area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 206,
"text": "Public Body Southern IJsselmeerpolders"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33451",
"question": "in what year did the new city become the first mayor ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 250,
"text": "1984"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33452",
"question": "what was the first mayor of the new city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 260,
"text": "Landdrost"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The \"Openbaar Lichaam\" remained however, only governing the water body of the Markermeer. After the municipal division of the Wadden Sea (1985), the territorial waters in the North Sea (1991) and the IJsselmeer (1994), all water bodies are now also part of a municipality and there are no unincorporated areas in the Netherlands anymore. The \"Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders\" was dissolved in 1996.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33453",
"question": "what was the name of the water body of the water body ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 5,
"text": "Openbaar Lichaam"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33454",
"question": "what was the name of the sea that the municipal division are now part of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "Wadden Sea"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33455",
"question": "in what year was the wadden sea sea established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "1985"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33456",
"question": "in what year was the north sea waters in the north sea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 186,
"text": "1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33457",
"question": "what was dissolved in 1996 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 343,
"text": "Openbaar Lichaam Zuidelijke IJsselmeerpolders"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33458",
"question": "when was the `` openbaar lichaam '' dissolved ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 407,
"text": "1996"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In Norway, Jan Mayen, Svalbard and Bouvet Island are outside the division into counties and municipalities. They are ruled directly by national authorities without any local democracy. An exception is the Longyearbyen Community Council which since 2004 in reality acts partly like a Norwegian municipality. Svalbard has a governor appointed by the government of Norway, ruling the area. Jan Mayen has no population, only radio and weather stations with staff, whose manager has the responsibility for the activities. Bouvet Island has only occasional visitors.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33459",
"question": "which island are outside of norway ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 11,
"text": "Jan Mayen, Svalbard and Bouvet Island"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33460",
"question": "who ruled the democracy democracy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "national authorities without any local democracy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33461",
"question": "what is the name of the council 's exception to the community ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 205,
"text": "Longyearbyen Community Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33462",
"question": "in what year was the community council council established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 248,
"text": "2004"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Most states have granted some form of home rule, so that county commissions (or boards or councils) have the same powers in these areas as city councils or town councils have in their respective incorporated areas. Some states instead put these powers in the hands of townships, which are minor civil divisions of each county, and are called \"towns\" in some states.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33463",
"question": "what have the same powers in these areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "county commissions (or boards or councils"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33464",
"question": "what are the same powers in these areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 139,
"text": "city councils or town councils"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33465",
"question": "what are the states called in the hands ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 343,
"text": "towns"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Some American states have no unincorporated land areas; these include Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, although these states all have communities that are not separately incorporated but are part of a larger municipality.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33466",
"question": "what are some american states that have no unincorporated land ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "An unincorporated community is one general term for a geographic area having a common social identity without municipal organization or official political designation (i.e., incorporation as a city or town). There are two main types of unincorporated communities:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33467",
"question": "what is an common social identity without a geographic social identity ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 110,
"text": "municipal organization or official political designation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "\nDue to differences in state laws regarding the incorporation of communities, there is a great variation in the distribution and nature of unincorporated areas. Unincorporated regions are essentially nonexistent in seven of the northeastern states. All of the land in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, and nearly all of the land in New Hampshire and Vermont, is part of an incorporated area of some type. In these areas, types (and official names) of local government entities can vary. In New England (which includes the last five of those seven states, plus the less fully incorporated state of Maine), local municipalities are known as towns, and are administered by a form of direct democracy, such as the open town meeting or representative town meeting. Larger towns in New England may be incorporated as cities, with some form of mayor-council government. In New Jersey multiple types exist as well, such as city, township, town, borough, or village, but these differences are in the structure of the legislative branches, not in the powers or functions of the entities themselves.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33468",
"question": "where are unincorporated regions nonexistent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "nonexistent in seven of the northeastern states"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33469",
"question": "where are the land in new jersey ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 280,
"text": "Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33470",
"question": "where are the land in new jersey ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 370,
"text": "New Hampshire and Vermont"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33471",
"question": "what are some of the direct democracy of new england ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 744,
"text": "the open town meeting or representative town meeting"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On the opposite end of the spectrum is the Virginia \"strong county\" model. Virginia and other states with this model, such as Alabama, Maryland, and Tennessee, set strict requirements on incorporation or grant counties and townships broad powers that in other states are carried out by cities, creating a disincentive to incorporate, and thus have large, urbanized areas which have no municipal government below the county or township level.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33472",
"question": "what is the opposite end of the virginia spectrum ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "the Virginia \"strong county\" model"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33473",
"question": "which three states set strict requirements on incorporation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "Alabama, Maryland, and Tennessee"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33474",
"question": "what do alabama , maryland , maryland , and other states set strict requirements on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "incorporation or grant counties and townships broad powers"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33475",
"question": "what do large , urbanized areas and tennessee areas have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 382,
"text": "no municipal government below the county or township level"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Meanwhile, in other mid-Atlantic states, such as New York and Pennsylvania, a \"hybrid\" model that tries to \"balance\" the two approaches is prevalent, with differing allocations of power between municipalities and counties existing.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33476",
"question": "what are the names of the `` hybrid '' model ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "New York and Pennsylvania"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33477",
"question": "what is new york 's `` hybrid '' model ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 155,
"text": "differing allocations of power between municipalities and counties existing"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Throughout the U.S., some large cities have annexed all surrounding unincorporated areas, creating what are known as consolidated city\u2013county forms of government (e.g., Jacksonville, Florida and Nashville, Tennessee). In areas of sparse population the majority of the land in any given state may be unincorporated.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33478",
"question": "what are some of the government forms of government forms ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 169,
"text": "Jacksonville, Florida and Nashville, Tennessee"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In California, all counties except the City and County of San Francisco have unincorporated areas. Even in highly populated counties, the unincorporated portions may contain a large number of inhabitants. In Los Angeles County, the county government estimates the population of its unincorporated areas to exceed one million people. Despite having 88 incorporated cities and towns, including the state's most populous, 65% of the land in Los Angeles County is unincorporated, this mostly consisting of Angeles National Forest and sparsely populated regions to its north. California law makes no distinction between \u201ccity\u201d and \u201ctown\u201d, and municipalities may use either term in their official names.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33479",
"question": "which two counties have unincorporated areas in california ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "City and County of San Francisco"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33480",
"question": "how many people does the county government have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 313,
"text": "one million people"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33481",
"question": "how many incorporated cities are there in los angeles ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 348,
"text": "88"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33482",
"question": "what percentage of the land in los angeles is the most populous ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 419,
"text": "65%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33483",
"question": "what type of forest is north angeles ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 502,
"text": "Angeles National Forest"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the context of the insular areas of the United States, the word \"unincorporated\" means that the territory has not been formally and irrevocably incorporated into the United States. (\"See: United States territory.\") Unincorporated insular areas are therefore potentially subject to being sold or otherwise transferred to another power, or, conversely, being granted independence. There are currently five major unincorporated U.S. insular areas: American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33484",
"question": "what does the word `` unincorporated '' mean ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "\"unincorporated\" means that the territory has not been formally and irrevocably incorporated into the United States"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33485",
"question": "what are insular areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 261,
"text": "potentially subject to being sold or otherwise transferred to another power"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33486",
"question": "how many major u.s. insular areas are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 402,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33487",
"question": "what are some major major u.s. insular areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Many unincorporated communities are also recognized as acceptable place names for use in mailing addresses by the United States Postal Service (USPS) (indeed, some have their own post offices), and the United States Census Bureau uses the names of some widely recognized unincorporated communities for its census-designated places (CDPs) for which it tabulates census data.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33488",
"question": "what does usps stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "United States Postal Service"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33489",
"question": "what uses the names of some widely recognized unincorporated communities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 202,
"text": "United States Census Bureau"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "However, the USPS is very conservative about recognizing new place names for use in mailing addresses, and typically only does so when a place incorporates. The original place name associated with a ZIP code is still maintained as the \"default\" place name, even though the name of the newly incorporated place is more accurate. As an example, Sandy Springs is one of the most populated places in Georgia, but is served by a branch of the Atlanta post office. Only after the city was incorporated in 2005 has \"Sandy Springs\" been approved by the USPS for use in mailing addresses, though \"Atlanta\" remains the default name. Accordingly, \"Atlanta\" is the only accepted place name for mailing addresses in the nearby unincorporated town of Vinings, also served by a branch of the Atlanta post office, even though Vinings is in Cobb County and Atlanta is in Fulton County. In contrast, neighboring Mableton has not been incorporated in nearly a century, but has its own post office and thus \"Mableton\" is the only acceptable place name for mailing addresses in the town. The areas of Dulah and Faria, California are unincorporated areas in Ventura County between Ventura and Carpinteria have the ZIP code of 93001, which is assigned to the post office at 675 E Santa Clara St in Ventura; thus, all mail to those two areas is addressed to Ventura.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33490",
"question": "what was approved by the usps ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 509,
"text": "Sandy Springs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33491",
"question": "where is atlanta located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 854,
"text": "Fulton County"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "If an unincorporated area becomes incorporated, it may be split among ZIP codes, and its new name may be recognized as \"acceptable\" for use with some or all of them in mailing addresses, as has been the case in Johns Creek and Milton, Georgia. However, if an incorporated area disincorporates, this has no effect on whether a place name is \"acceptable\" in a mailing address or not, as is the case with Lithia Springs, Georgia. ZIP code boundaries often ignore political boundaries, so the appearance of a place name in a mailing address alone does not indicate whether the place is incorporated or unincorporated.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33492",
"question": "what is an example of a new name for an unincorporated area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "ZIP codes"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33493",
"question": "where is the case of zip codes located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 211,
"text": "Johns Creek and Milton, Georgia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33494",
"question": "what is the name of the case that is the case of `` acceptable '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 402,
"text": "Lithia Springs, Georgia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Many countries, especially those with many centuries of history using multiple tiers of local government, do not use the concept of an unincorporated place.",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "Unincorporated area"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "Ukraine (; , tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33495",
"question": "what is the name of the countries that is in eastern europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33496",
"question": "in what year did the crimean peninsula take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 395,
"text": "2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33497",
"question": "what is the population of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 650,
"text": "44.5 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC. During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture, with the powerful state of Kievan Rus' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity. Following its fragmentation in the 13th century, the territory was contested, ruled and divided by a variety of powers, including Lithuania, Poland, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Russia. A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries, but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire, and later submerged fully into Russia. Two brief periods of independence occurred during the 20th century, once near the end of World War I and another during World War II. However, both occasions would ultimately see Ukraine's territories consolidated into a Soviet republic, a situation that persisted until 1991, when Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of its dissolution at the end of the Cold War. Before its independence, Ukraine was typically referred to in English as \"The Ukraine\", but sources since then have moved to drop \"the\" from the name of Ukraine in all uses.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33498",
"question": "when was the territory of modern ukraine inhabited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "32,000 BC"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state. Nonetheless it formed a limited military partnership with the Russian Federation and other CIS countries and a partnership with NATO in 1994. In the 2000s, the government began leaning towards NATO, and a deeper cooperation with the alliance was set by the NATO-Ukraine Action Plan signed in 2002. It was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future. Former President Viktor Yanukovych considered the current level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient, and was against Ukraine joining NATO. In 2013, protests against the government of President Yanukovych broke out in downtown Kiev after the government had decided to suspend the Ukraine-European Union Association Agreement and seek closer economic ties with Russia. After this began a several-months-long wave of demonstrations and protests known as the Euromaidan, which later escalated into the 2014 Ukrainian revolution that ultimately resulted in the overthrowing of President Yanukovych and his cabinet and the establishment of a new government. These events formed the background for the annexation of Crimea by Russia in March 2014, and the War in Donbass in April 2014. Both are still ongoing . On 1 January 2016, Ukraine applied the economic part of the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with the European Union.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33499",
"question": "in what year did ukraine open a partnership with nato ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33500",
"question": "who set the deeper cooperation with nato ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 322,
"text": "NATO-Ukraine Action Plan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33501",
"question": "when was the action plan signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 357,
"text": "2002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33502",
"question": "who considered the current level of co-operation between ukraine and nato ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 507,
"text": "Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has long been a global breadbasket because of its extensive, fertile farmlands, and it remains one of the world's largest grain exporters. The diversified economy of Ukraine includes a large heavy industry sector, particularly in aerospace and industrial equipment.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33503",
"question": "what is ukraine 's largest grain ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "fertile farmlands"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33504",
"question": "what types of equipment are there in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 238,
"text": "aerospace and industrial equipment"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system with separate powers: legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Its capital and largest city is Kiev. Taking into account reserves and paramilitary personnel, Ukraine maintains the second-largest military in Europe after that of Russia. The country is home to 42.5 million people (excluding Crimea), 77.8% of whom are Ukrainians by ethnicity, followed by a sizeable minority of Russians (17.3%) as well as Romanians/Moldovans, Belarusians, Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, and Hungarians. Ukrainian is the official language of Ukraine; its alphabet is Cyrillic. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy, which has strongly influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33505",
"question": "what are the separate powers of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "legislative, executive, and judicial branches"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33506",
"question": "how many people are in the country ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 328,
"text": "42.5 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33507",
"question": "what is the official language of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 615,
"text": "Cyrillic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33508",
"question": "what is the dominant religion in the country ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 665,
"text": "Eastern Orthodoxy"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There are different hypotheses as to the etymology of the name \"Ukraine\". According to the older and most widespread hypothesis, it means \"borderland\", while more recently some linguistic studies claim a different meaning: \"homeland\" or \"region, country\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33509",
"question": "what is there a different hypotheses as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "the etymology of the name \"Ukraine\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "33510",
"question": "what is another term for most widespread hypothesis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 139,
"text": "borderland"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33511",
"question": "what does the older meaning of linguistic studies do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "\"homeland\" or \"region, country\""
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "\"The Ukraine\" was once the usual form in English, but since the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, \"the Ukraine\" has become much less common in the English-speaking world, and style-guides largely recommend not using the definite article. \"The Ukraine\" now implies disregard for the country's sovereignty, according to U.S. ambassador William Taylor.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33512",
"question": "what was the name of the declaration of the ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33513",
"question": "who is the ambassador of the ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 340,
"text": "William Taylor"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Neanderthal settlement in Ukraine is seen in the Molodova archaeological sites (43,000\u201345,000 BC) which include a mammoth bone dwelling. The territory is also considered to be the likely location for the human domestication of the horse.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33514",
"question": "where is neanderthal settlement in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "Molodova archaeological sites"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33515",
"question": "how long is neanderthal settlement in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "43,000\u201345,000 BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33516",
"question": "what type of dwelling does neanderthal settlement have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "mammoth bone dwelling"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33517",
"question": "what is the territory considered to be ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "the human domestication of the horse"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Modern human settlement in Ukraine and its vicinity dates back to 32,000 BC, with evidence of the Gravettian culture in the Crimean Mountains. By 4,500 BC, the Neolithic Cucuteni-Trypillian Culture flourished in a wide area that included parts of modern Ukraine including Trypillia and the entire Dnieper-Dniester region. During the Iron Age, the land was inhabited by Cimmerians, Scythians, and Sarmatians. Between 700\u00a0BC and 200\u00a0BC it was part of the Scythian Kingdom, or Scythia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33518",
"question": "when did modern human settlement in ukraine end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "32,000 BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33519",
"question": "when did the neolithic cucuteni-trypillian culture begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "4,500 BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33520",
"question": "who inhabited the land during the iron age ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 369,
"text": "Cimmerians, Scythians, and Sarmatians"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Beginning in the sixth century BC, colonies of Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire, such as Tyras, Olbia and Chersonesus, were founded on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea. These colonies thrived well into the 6th\u00a0century AD. The Goths stayed in the area but came under the sway of the Huns from the 370s AD. In the 7th\u00a0century AD, the territory of eastern Ukraine was the centre of Old Great Bulgaria. At the end of the century, the majority of Bulgar tribes migrated in different directions, and the Khazars took over much of the land.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33521",
"question": "which byzantine empire were founded on the northeastern shore of the black sea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 110,
"text": "Tyras, Olbia and Chersonesus"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33522",
"question": "where was the byzantine empire founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 160,
"text": "northeastern shore of the Black Sea"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33523",
"question": "during what time period did the colonies begin to thrived ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 234,
"text": "6th\u00a0century AD"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33524",
"question": "when did the goths come into the area ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 324,
"text": "370s AD"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33525",
"question": "where was the territory of eastern ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 407,
"text": "Old Great Bulgaria"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Kievan Rus' was founded by the Rus' people, who came from Scandinavia across Ladoga and settled in Kiev around 880 AD. Kievan Rus' included the central, western and northern part of modern Ukraine, Belarus, far eastern strip of Poland and the western part of present-day Russia. According to the \"Primary Chronicle\" the Rus' elite initially consisted of Varangians from Scandinavia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33526",
"question": "who founded kievan rus ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 27,
"text": "the Rus' people"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33527",
"question": "in what year did kievan rus settle ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 111,
"text": "880 AD"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "During the 10th and 11th\u00a0centuries, it became the largest and most powerful state in Europe. It laid the foundation for the national identity of Ukrainians and Russians. Kiev, the capital of modern Ukraine, became the most important city of the Rus'.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33528",
"question": "when did it become the largest and most powerful state in europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 11,
"text": "10th and 11th\u00a0centuries"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33529",
"question": "what national identity did the national identity use ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "Ukrainians and Russians"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Varangians later assimilated into the Slavic population and became part of the first Rus' dynasty, the Rurik Dynasty. Kievan Rus' was composed of several principalities ruled by the interrelated Rurikid \"knyazes\" (\"princes\"), who often fought each other for possession of Kiev.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33530",
"question": "what was the name of the dynasty the varangians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 107,
"text": "Rurik Dynasty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33531",
"question": "who ruled kievan rus ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 182,
"text": "the interrelated Rurikid \"knyazes\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "33532",
"question": "what was kievan rus 's nickname ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "princes"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Golden Age of Kievan Rus' began with the reign of Vladimir the Great (980\u20131015), who turned Rus' toward Byzantine Christianity. During the reign of his son, Yaroslav the Wise (1019\u20131054), Kievan Rus' reached the zenith of its cultural development and military power. The state soon fragmented as the relative importance of regional powers rose again. After a final resurgence under the rule of Vladimir II Monomakh (1113\u20131125) and his son Mstislav (1125\u20131132), Kievan Rus' finally disintegrated into separate principalities following Mstislav's death.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33533",
"question": "who was the reign of the golden age of kievan rus ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "Vladimir the Great"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33534",
"question": "when did vladimir the great die ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 74,
"text": "980\u20131015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33535",
"question": "who was the son of kievan rus ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 161,
"text": "Yaroslav the Wise"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33536",
"question": "when did yaroslav die ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 180,
"text": "1019\u20131054"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33537",
"question": "who was the rule of kievan rus ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 398,
"text": "Vladimir II Monomakh"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The 13th century Mongol invasion devastated Kievan Rus'. Kiev was totally destroyed in 1240. On today's Ukrainian territory, the principalities of Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi arose, and were merged into the state of Galicia-Volhynia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33538",
"question": "who was the mongol invasion of mongol invasion ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "Kievan Rus"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33539",
"question": "when was kiev destroyed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "1240"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33540",
"question": "what principalities were the principalities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 147,
"text": "Halych and Volodymyr-Volynskyi"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33541",
"question": "where were the principalities merged into ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "Galicia-Volhynia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Danylo Romanovych (Daniel I of Galicia or Danylo Halytskyi) son of Roman Mstyslavych, re-united all of south-western Rus', including Volhynia, Galicia and Rus' ancient capital of Kiev. Danylo was crowned by the papal archbishop in Dorohychyn 1253 as the first King of all Rus'. Under Danylo's reign, the Kingdom of Galicia\u2013Volhynia was one of the most powerful states in east central Europe.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33542",
"question": "who was the son of galicia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Danylo Romanovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33543",
"question": "who was the son of galicia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 19,
"text": "Daniel I of Galicia or Danylo Halytskyi"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33544",
"question": "who crowned the papal archbishop ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 231,
"text": "Dorohychyn 1253"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the mid-14th\u00a0century, upon the death of Boles\u0142aw Jerzy II of Mazovia, king Casimir III of Poland initiated campaigns (1340\u20131366) to take Galicia-Volhynia. Meanwhile, the heartland of Rus', including Kiev, became the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, ruled by Gediminas and his successors, after the Battle on the Irpen' River. Following the 1386 Union of Krewo, a dynastic union between Poland and Lithuania, much of what became northern Ukraine was ruled by the increasingly Slavicised local Lithuanian nobles as part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. By 1392 the so-called Galicia\u2013Volhynia Wars ended. Polish colonisers of depopulated lands in northern and central Ukraine founded or re-founded many towns. In 1430 Podolia was incorporated under the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland as Podolian Voivodeship. In 1441, in the southern Ukraine, especially Crimea and surrounding steppes, Genghisid prince Haci I Giray founded the Crimean Khanate.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33545",
"question": "who initiated the death of poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 43,
"text": "Boles\u0142aw Jerzy II of Mazovia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1569 the Union of Lublin established the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth, and much Ukrainian territory was transferred from Lithuania to the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, becoming Polish territory de jure. Under the demographic, cultural and political pressure of Polonisation, which began in the late 14th century, many landed gentry of Polish Ruthenia (another name for the land of Rus) converted to Catholicism and became indistinguishable from the Polish nobility. Deprived of native protectors among Rus nobility, the commoners (peasants and townspeople) began turning for protection to the emerging Zaporozhian Cossacks, who by the 17th century became devoutly Orthodox. The Cossacks did not shy from taking up arms against those they perceived as enemies, including the Polish state and its local representatives.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33546",
"question": "when was the polish -- lithuanian commonwealth established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1569"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33547",
"question": "what was established in 1569 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33548",
"question": "who was the ukrainian territory de jure transferred from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "Crown of the Kingdom of Poland"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Formed from Golden Horde territory conquered after the Mongol invasion the Crimean Khanate was one of the strongest powers in Eastern Europe until the 18th century; in 1571 it even captured and devastated Moscow. The borderlands suffered annual Tatar invasions. From the beginning of the 16th century until the end of the 17th century, Crimean Tatar slave raiding bands exported about two million slaves from Russia and Ukraine. According to Orest Subtelny, \"from 1450 to 1586, eighty-six Tatar raids were recorded, and from 1600 to 1647, seventy.\" In 1688, Tatars captured a record number of 60,000 Ukrainians. The Tatar raids took a heavy toll, discouraging settlement in more southerly regions where the soil was better and the growing season was longer. The last remnant of the Crimean Khanate was finally conquered by the Russian Empire in 1783. The Taurida Governorate was formed to govern this territory.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33549",
"question": "what was the name of the strongest powers in eastern europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 75,
"text": "Crimean Khanate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33550",
"question": "when did the crimean khanate end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "1571"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33551",
"question": "how many slaves were exported by slave raiding ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 385,
"text": "two million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33552",
"question": "when was the last remnant of the crimean khanate ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 845,
"text": "1783"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the mid-17th\u00a0century, a Cossack military quasi-state, the Zaporozhian Host, was formed by Dnieper Cossacks and by Ruthenian peasants who had fled Polish serfdom. Poland exercised little real control over this population, but found the Cossacks to be a useful opposing force to the Turks and Tatars, and at times the two were allies in military campaigns. However the continued harsh enserfment of peasantry by Polish nobility and especially the suppression of the Orthodox Church alienated the Cossacks.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33553",
"question": "what was formed by dnieper cossacks ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 61,
"text": "Zaporozhian Host"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33554",
"question": "who formed the host host ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 93,
"text": "Dnieper Cossacks"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33555",
"question": "who fled polish serfdom ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 117,
"text": "Ruthenian peasants"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Cossacks sought representation in the Polish Sejm, recognition of Orthodox traditions, and the gradual expansion of the Cossack Registry. These were rejected by the Polish nobility, who dominated the Sejm.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33556",
"question": "what did the cossacks do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "gradual expansion of the Cossack Registry"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33557",
"question": "who rejected the sejm ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "the Polish nobility"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1648, Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Petro Doroshenko led the largest of the Cossack uprisings against the Commonwealth and the Polish king John II Casimir. After Khmelnytsky made an entry into Kiev in 1648, where he was hailed liberator of the people from Polish captivity, he founded the Cossack Hetmanate which existed until 1764 (some sources claim until 1782).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33558",
"question": "in what year was the largest of the cossack uprisings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1648"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33559",
"question": "who led the largest of the cossack uprisings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Petro Doroshenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33560",
"question": "who was the polish king ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "John II Casimir"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33561",
"question": "in what year did khmelnytsky made an entry into kiev ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 197,
"text": "1648"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Khmelnytsky, deserted by his Tatar allies, suffered a crushing defeat at Berestechko in 1651, and turned to the Russian tsar for help. In 1654, Khmelnytsky signed the Treaty of Pereyaslav, forming a military and political alliance with Russia that acknowledged loyalty to the Russian tsar.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33562",
"question": "what was the name of the russian tsar 's allies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Khmelnytsky"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33563",
"question": "where did the crushing defeat in 1651 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 73,
"text": "Berestechko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33564",
"question": "in what year did khmelnytsky defeat a crushing defeat ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 88,
"text": "1651"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33565",
"question": "in what year was the treaty of pereyaslav signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "1654"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33566",
"question": "what treaty did khmelnytsky signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 167,
"text": "Treaty of Pereyaslav"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1657\u20131686 came \"The Ruin\", a devastating 30-year war amongst Russia, Poland, Turks and Cossacks for control of Ukraine, which occurred at about the same time as the Deluge of Poland. The wars escalated in intensity with hundreds of thousands of deaths. Defeat came in 1686 as the \"Eternal Peace\" between Russia and Poland divided the Ukrainian lands between them.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33567",
"question": "where was the ruin of poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1657\u20131686"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33568",
"question": "what did 1686 become in 1657 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 19,
"text": "The Ruin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33569",
"question": "what countries did the ruin of 1686 come from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "Russia, Poland, Turks and Cossacks"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33570",
"question": "what was the name of the same time in poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "Deluge of Poland"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33571",
"question": "where was the `` eternal peace '' between russia and poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "1686"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1709, Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa (1639\u20131709) defected to Sweden against Russia in the Great Northern War (1700\u20131721). Eventually Peter recognized that to consolidate and modernize Russia's political and economic power it was necessary to do away with the hetmanate and Ukrainian and Cossack aspirations to autonomy. Mazepa died in exile after fleeing from the Battle of Poltava (1709), where the Swedes and their Cossack allies suffered a catastrophic defeat.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33572",
"question": "in what year did the great northern war take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1709"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33573",
"question": "who defected to sweden in 1709 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "Cossack Hetman Ivan Mazepa"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33574",
"question": "in what war was sweden defected ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "Great Northern War"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33575",
"question": "when was the great northern war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 109,
"text": "1700\u20131721"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33576",
"question": "what was the name of the battle that died in exile ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 363,
"text": "Battle of Poltava"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33577",
"question": "when was the battle of poltava ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 382,
"text": "1709"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk or Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host was a 1710 constitutional document written by Hetman Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine, then within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It established a standard for the separation of powers in government between the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches, well before the publication of Montesquieu's \"Spirit of the Laws\". The Constitution limited the executive authority of the hetman, and established a democratically elected Cossack parliament called the General Council. Pylyp Orlyk's Constitution was unique for its historic period, and was one of the first state constitutions in Europe.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33578",
"question": "when was the constitutional document written ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "1710"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33579",
"question": "who written the constitutional document ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 152,
"text": "Hetman Pylyp Orlyk"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33580",
"question": "where was ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 210,
"text": "Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33581",
"question": "what did the publication of montesquieu 's separation of powers represent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 417,
"text": "Spirit of the Laws"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33582",
"question": "what was the name of the democratically elected cossack ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 573,
"text": "General Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33583",
"question": "what was unique for its historic period ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 590,
"text": "Pylyp Orlyk's Constitution"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The hetmanate was abolished in 1764; the Zaporizhska Sich abolished in 1775, as Russia centralised control over its lands. As part of the partitioning of Poland in 1772, 1793 and 1795, the Ukrainian lands west of the Dnieper were divided between Russia and Austria. From 1737 to 1834, expansion into the northern Black Sea littoral and the eastern Danube valley was a cornerstone of Russian foreign policy.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33584",
"question": "when was the hetmanate abolished ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "1764"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33585",
"question": "who abolished russia in 1775 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "Zaporizhska Sich"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33586",
"question": "when was the abolished in 1764 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "1775"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33587",
"question": "when were the ukrainian lands west of the dnieper divided ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 164,
"text": "1772, 1793 and 1795"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Lithuanians and Poles controlled vast estates in Ukraine, and were a law unto themselves. Judicial rulings from Cracow were routinely flouted, while peasants were heavily taxed and practically tied to the land as serfs. Occasionally the landowners battled each other using armies of Ukrainian peasants. The Poles and Lithuanians were Roman Catholics and tried with some success to convert the Orthodox lesser nobility. In 1596, they set up the \"Greek-Catholic\" or Uniate Church; it dominates western Ukraine to this day. Religious differentiation left the Ukrainian Orthodox peasants leaderless, as they were reluctant to follow the Ukrainian nobles.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33588",
"question": "what were peasants tied to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "serfs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33589",
"question": "in what year was the `` greek-catholic '' church set up ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 422,
"text": "1596"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Cossacks led an uprising, called Koliivshchyna, starting in the Ukrainian borderlands of the Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1768. Ethnicity was one root cause of this revolt, which included Ukrainian violence that killed tens of thousands of Poles and Jews. Religious warfare also broke out among Ukrainian groups. Increasing conflict between Uniate and Orthodox parishes along the newly reinforced Polish-Russian border on the Dnieper River in the time of Catherine II set the stage for the uprising. As Uniate religious practices had become more Latinized, Orthodoxy in this region drew even closer into dependence on the Russian Orthodox Church. Confessional tensions also reflected opposing Polish and Russian political allegiances.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33590",
"question": "what was the name of cossacks ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Koliivshchyna"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33591",
"question": "what was the name of the commonwealth in 1768 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 93,
"text": "Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33592",
"question": "in what year did the cossacks begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 127,
"text": "1768"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33593",
"question": "where did catherine ii set the stage for the uprising ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 431,
"text": "Dnieper River"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Empire in 1783, New Russia was settled by Ukrainians and Russians. Despite promises in the Treaty of Pereyaslav, the Ukrainian elite and the Cossacks never received the freedoms and the autonomy they were expecting. However, within the Empire, Ukrainians rose to the highest Russian state and church offices. At a later period, tsarists established a policy of Russification, suppressing the use of the Ukrainian language in print and in public.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33594",
"question": "in what year was the annexation of crimea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "1783"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33595",
"question": "who settled new russia in 1783 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 88,
"text": "Ukrainians and Russians"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33596",
"question": "what was the name of the policy that established the use of the ukrainian language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 407,
"text": "Russification"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the 19th century, Ukraine was a rural area largely ignored by Russia and Austria. With growing urbanization and modernization, and a cultural trend toward romantic nationalism, a Ukrainian intelligentsia committed to national rebirth and social justice emerged. The serf-turned-national-poet Taras Shevchenko (1814\u20131861) and the political theorist Mykhailo Drahomanov (1841\u20131895) led the growing nationalist movement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33597",
"question": "who ignored ukraine in the 19th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "Russia and Austria"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33598",
"question": "who led the growing nationalist movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 295,
"text": "Taras Shevchenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33599",
"question": "who was the political theorist ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 351,
"text": "Mykhailo Drahomanov"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After the Russo-Turkish War (1768\u20131774), Catherine the Great and her immediate successors encouraged German immigration into Ukraine and especially into Crimea, to thin the previously dominant Turk population and encourage agriculture.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33600",
"question": "after what war did catherine the great and her successors encouraged agriculture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "Russo-Turkish War"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33601",
"question": "when was the russo-turkish war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 29,
"text": "1768\u20131774"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33602",
"question": "who encouraged german immigration into ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "Catherine the Great"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33603",
"question": "what did the russo-turkish war do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 193,
"text": "Turk population and encourage agriculture"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Beginning in the 19th century, there was migration from Ukraine to distant areas of the Russian Empire. According to the 1897 census, there were 223,000 ethnic Ukrainians in Siberia and 102,000 in Central Asia. An additional 1.6 million emigrated to the east in the ten years after the opening of the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1906. Far Eastern areas with an ethnic Ukrainian population became known as Green Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33604",
"question": "how many ethnic ukrainians were in siberia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 145,
"text": "223,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33605",
"question": "what was the name of the ethnic ukrainians in central asia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 186,
"text": "102,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33606",
"question": "how many emigrated to the east in 1906 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "1.6 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33607",
"question": "in what year was the railway emigrated to the east ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 327,
"text": "1906"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33608",
"question": "what was the ethnic ukrainian population called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 403,
"text": "Green Ukraine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Nationalist and socialist parties developed in the late 19th century. Austrian Galicia, under the relatively lenient rule of the Habsburgs, became the centre of the nationalist movement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33609",
"question": "when were nationalist and socialist parties developed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "late 19th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33610",
"question": "who became the centre of the nationalist movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "Austrian Galicia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33611",
"question": "who was the centre of the nationalist movement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 125,
"text": "the Habsburgs"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainians entered World War I on the side of both the Central Powers, under Austria, and the Triple Entente, under Russia. 3.5 million Ukrainians fought with the Imperial Russian Army, while 250,000 fought for the Austro-Hungarian Army. Austro-Hungarian authorities established the Ukrainian Legion to fight against the Russian Empire. This became the Ukrainian Galician Army that fought against the Bolsheviks and Poles in the post-World War I period (1919\u201323). Those suspected of Russophile sentiments in Austria were treated harshly.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33612",
"question": "who entered world war i ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "Austria, and the Triple Entente"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33613",
"question": "how many ukrainians fought with the imperial russian army ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 124,
"text": "3.5 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33614",
"question": "how many ukrainians fought for the austro-hungarian army ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 192,
"text": "250,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "World War I destroyed both empires. The Russian Revolution of 1917 led to the founding of the Soviet Union under the Bolsheviks, and subsequent civil war in Russia. A Ukrainian national movement for self-determination re-emerged, with heavy Communist and Socialist influence. Several Ukrainian states briefly emerged: the internationally recognized Ukrainian People's Republic (UNR, the predecessor of modern Ukraine, was declared on 23 June 1917 proclaimed at first as a part of the Russian Republic; after the Bolshevik Revolution, the Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed its independence on 25 January 1918), the Hetmanate, the Directorate and the pro-Bolshevik Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (or Soviet Ukraine) successively established territories in the former Russian Empire; while the West Ukrainian People's Republic and the Hutsul Republic emerged briefly in the Ukrainian lands of former Austro-Hungarian territory.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33615",
"question": "when was the russian revolution ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "1917"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33616",
"question": "what was the name of the internationally recognized modern ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 349,
"text": "Ukrainian People's Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33617",
"question": "when was the predecessor of modern ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 434,
"text": "23 June 1917"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33618",
"question": "when did the ukrainian people 's republic proclaimed its independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 597,
"text": "25 January 1918"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Act Zluky (Unification Act) was an agreement signed on January 22, 1919 by the Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic on the St. Sophia Square in Kiev.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33619",
"question": "what act was signed on january 22 , 1919 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Act Zluky (Unification Act"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33620",
"question": "when was the unification act signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "January 22, 1919"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33621",
"question": "who signed the unification act ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "Ukrainian People's Republic and the West Ukrainian People's Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33622",
"question": "where was the unification act signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 155,
"text": "St. Sophia Square"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "This led to civil war, and an anarchist movement called the Black Army or later The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine developed in Southern Ukraine under the command of the anarchist Nestor Makhno during the Russian Civil War. They protected the operation of \"free soviets\" and libertarian communes in the Free Territory, an attempt to form a stateless anarchist society from 1918 to 1921 during the Ukrainian Revolution, fighting both the tsarist White Army under Denikin and later the Red Army under Trotsky, before being defeated by the latter in August 1921.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33623",
"question": "what was the title of the black army ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "The Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33624",
"question": "who was the command of the black army ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 195,
"text": "Nestor Makhno"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33625",
"question": "when was the anarchist society defeated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 388,
"text": "1918 to 1921"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33626",
"question": "when was the red army defeated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 562,
"text": "August 1921"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Poland defeated Western Ukraine in the Polish-Ukrainian War, but failed against the Bolsheviks in an offensive against Kiev. According to the Peace of Riga, western Ukraine was incorporated into Poland, which in turn recognised the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in March 1919. With establishment of the Soviet power, Ukraine lost half of its territory to Poland, Belarus and Russia, while on the left bank of Dniester River was created Moldavian autonomy. Ukraine became a founding member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33627",
"question": "in what war did poland join western ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "Polish-Ukrainian War"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33628",
"question": "what was the name of the republic that was incorporated into poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 232,
"text": "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33629",
"question": "when was the ukrainian soviet socialist republic incorporated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "March 1919"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33630",
"question": "where did ukraine move half of its territory ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 361,
"text": "Poland, Belarus and Russia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33631",
"question": "what was the name of the autonomy of dniester river ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 442,
"text": "Moldavian autonomy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33632",
"question": "when did ukraine become a founding member ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 541,
"text": "December 1922"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The war in Ukraine continued for another two years; by 1921, however, most of Ukraine had been taken over by the Soviet Union, while Galicia and Volhynia (West Ukraine) were incorporated into independent Poland. Bukovina was annexed by Romania and Carpathian Ruthenia was admitted to the Czechoslovak Republic as an autonomy.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33633",
"question": "in what year did the war in ukraine begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "1921"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33634",
"question": "what two ukraine were incorporated into independent poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "Galicia and Volhynia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33635",
"question": "who annexed bukovina ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 236,
"text": "Romania and Carpathian Ruthenia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A powerful underground Ukrainian nationalist movement arose in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s because of Polish national policies, which was led by the Ukrainian Military Organization and the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). The movement attracted a militant following among students. Hostilities between Polish state authorities and the popular movement led to a substantial number of fatalities, and the autonomy which had been promised was never implemented. A number of Ukrainian parties, the Ukrainian Catholic Church, an active press, and a business sector existed in Poland. Economic conditions improved in the 1920s, but the region suffered from the Great Depression in the 1930s.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33636",
"question": "when did the ukrainian military nationalist movement end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "1920s and 1930s"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33637",
"question": "why was the ukrainian military organization led ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "Polish national policies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33638",
"question": "who led the polish national policies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "Ukrainian Military Organization and the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33639",
"question": "what is the name of the active church in poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 509,
"text": "Ukrainian Catholic Church"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Russian Civil War devastated the whole Russian Empire including Ukraine. It left over 1.5 million people dead and hundreds of thousands homeless in the former Russian Empire territory. Soviet Ukraine also faced the Russian famine of 1921 (primarily affecting the Russian Volga-Ural region). During the 1920s, under the Ukrainisation policy pursued by the national Communist leadership of Mykola Skrypnyk, Soviet leadership encouraged a national renaissance in the Ukrainian culture and language. Ukrainisation was part of the Soviet-wide policy of Korenisation (literally \"indigenisation\"). The Bolsheviks were also committed to universal health care, education and social-security benefits, as well as the right to work and housing. Women's rights were greatly increased through new laws. Most of these policies were sharply reversed by the early 1930s after Joseph Stalin became the \"de facto\" communist party leader.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33640",
"question": "how many people died in the russian civil war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "1.5 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33641",
"question": "when did the russian famine end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 237,
"text": "1921"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33642",
"question": "who was the national communist leadership ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 392,
"text": "Mykola Skrypnyk"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33643",
"question": "who became the `` de facto '' communist party ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 864,
"text": "Joseph Stalin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33644",
"question": "what did stalin become in the early 1930s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 890,
"text": "de facto\" communist party leader"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Starting from the late 1920s with a centrally planned economy, Ukraine was involved in Soviet industrialisation and the republic's industrial output quadrupled during the 1930s. The peasantry suffered from the programme of collectivisation of agriculture which began during and was part of the first five-year plan and was enforced by regular troops and secret police. Those who resisted were arrested and deported and agricultural productivity greatly declined. As members of the collective farms were not allowed to receive any grain until sometimes unrealistic quotas were met, millions starved to death in a famine known as Holodomor or \"Great Famine\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33645",
"question": "what was ukraine involved in in the 1920s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "Soviet industrialisation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33646",
"question": "who enforced agriculture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 335,
"text": "regular troops and secret police"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33647",
"question": "what were the millions of starved to death in a famine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 628,
"text": "Holodomor or \"Great Famine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Communist leadership perceived famine as a means of class struggle and used starvation as a punishment tool to force peasants into collective farms.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33648",
"question": "what did the communist leadership perceived starvation as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "force peasants into collective farms"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Largely the same groups were responsible for the mass killing operations during the civil war, collectivisation, and the Great Terror. These groups were associated with Yefim Yevdokimov (1891\u20131939) and operated in the Secret Operational Division within General State Political Administration (OGPU) in 1929\u201331. Evdokimov transferred into Communist Party administration in 1934, when he became Party secretary for North Caucasus Krai. He appears to have continued advising Joseph Stalin and Nikolai Yezhov on security matters, and the latter relied on Evdokimov's former colleagues to carry out the mass killing operations that are known as the Great Terror in 1937\u201338.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33649",
"question": "who were the groups of the groups associated with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 169,
"text": "Yefim Yevdokimov"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33650",
"question": "what years were the groups of groups associated with the secret operational division ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "1891\u20131939"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33651",
"question": "where was the secret operational division operated in 1929 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 253,
"text": "General State Political Administration"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33652",
"question": "when was the secret operational division within general state ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "1929\u201331"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 13 January 2010, Kiev Appellate Court posthumously found Stalin, Kaganovich and other Soviet Communist Party functionaries guilty of genocide against Ukrainians during the Holodomor famine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33653",
"question": "on what date was stalin appellate court found ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "13 January 2010"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33654",
"question": "who posthumously the genocide of ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "Kiev Appellate Court"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33655",
"question": "who was the appellate court found in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "Stalin, Kaganovich and other Soviet Communist Party"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33656",
"question": "during what famine did stalin appellate ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 175,
"text": "Holodomor famine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, German and Soviet troops divided the territory of Poland. Thus, Eastern Galicia and Volhynia with their Ukrainian population became reunited with the rest of Ukraine. For the first time in history, the nation was united.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33657",
"question": "when did the invasion of poland take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "September 1939"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33658",
"question": "who divided the territory of poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "German and Soviet troops"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33659",
"question": "which two countries became reunited with the rest of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Eastern Galicia and Volhynia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1940, the Soviets annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina. The Ukrainian SSR incorporated the northern and southern districts of Bessarabia, northern Bukovina, and the Hertsa region. But it ceded the western part of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. These territorial gains of the USSR were internationally recognized by the Paris peace treaties of 1947.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33660",
"question": "when did the soviets invade bessarabia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1940"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33661",
"question": "where did the soviets attack in 1940 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 29,
"text": "Bessarabia and northern Bukovina"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33662",
"question": "what republic did the ukrainian ssr lose the western part of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 224,
"text": "Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33663",
"question": "what was the name of the soviet socialist republic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 292,
"text": "Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33664",
"question": "when was the paris peace treaties recognized ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 428,
"text": "1947"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "German armies invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, initiating nearly four years of total war. The Axis initially advanced against desperate but unsuccessful efforts of the Red Army. In the encirclement battle of Kiev, the city was acclaimed as a \"Hero City\", because of its fierce resistance. More than 600,000 Soviet soldiers (or one-quarter of the Soviet Western Front) were killed or taken captive there, with many suffering severe mistreatment.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33665",
"question": "when did german armies invade the soviet union ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "22 June 1941"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33666",
"question": "what was the encirclement battle of kiev called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 252,
"text": "Hero City"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33667",
"question": "how many soviet soldiers were killed in the soviet empire ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "600,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Although the majority of Ukrainians fought in or alongside the Red Army and Soviet resistance, in Western Ukraine an independent Ukrainian Insurgent Army movement arose (UPA, 1942). Created as forces of the Ukrainian Government in exile, it fell under the influence of the underground (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, OUN) which had developed in interwar Poland as a radical reaction to Polish policies towards the Ukrainian minority. Both supported the goal of an independent Ukrainian state on the territory with a Ukrainian ethnic majority. Although this brought conflict with Nazi Germany, at times the Melnyk wing of the OUN allied with the Nazi forces. Some UPA divisions also carried out massacres of ethnic Poles, which brought reprisals. After the war, the UPA continued to fight the USSR until the 1950s. At the same time, the Ukrainian Liberation Army, another nationalist movement, fought alongside the Nazis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33668",
"question": "what was the name of the army that fought in the nazis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 845,
"text": "Ukrainian Liberation Army"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In total, the number of ethnic Ukrainians who fought in the ranks of the Soviet Army is estimated from 4.5\u00a0million to 7\u00a0million. The pro-Soviet partisan guerrilla resistance in Ukraine is estimated to number at 47,800 from the start of occupation to 500,000 at its peak in 1944, with about 50% being ethnic Ukrainians. Generally, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army's figures are unreliable, with figures ranging anywhere from 15,000 to as many as 100,000 fighters.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33669",
"question": "what was the number of ethnic ukrainians who fought in the soviet army ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "4.5\u00a0million to 7\u00a0million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33670",
"question": "where is the pro-soviet guerrilla resistance in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 211,
"text": "47,800"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33671",
"question": "what percentage of ethnic ukrainians were ethnic ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "50%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Most of the Ukrainian SSR was organised within the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, with the intention of exploiting its resources and eventual German settlement. Some western Ukrainians, who had only joined the Soviet Union in 1939, hailed the Germans as liberators. Brutal German rule eventually turned their supporters against the Nazi administrators, who made little attempt to exploit dissatisfaction with Stalinist policies. Instead, the Nazis preserved the collective-farm system, carried out genocidal policies against Jews, deported millions of people to work in Germany, and began a depopulation program to prepare for German colonisation. They blockaded the transport of food on the Kiev River.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33672",
"question": "where was most of the ukrainian ssr located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "Reichskommissariat Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33673",
"question": "what did the ukrainian ssr do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "exploiting its resources and eventual German settlement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33674",
"question": "when did western ukrainians join the soviet union ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "1939"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33675",
"question": "what did western ukrainians call the germans ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 251,
"text": "liberators"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The vast majority of the fighting in World War II took place on the Eastern Front. By some estimates, 93% of all German casualties took place there. The total losses inflicted upon the Ukrainian population during the war are estimated at between 5 and 8 million, including an estimated one and a half million Jews killed by the Einsatzgruppen, sometimes with the help of local collaborators. Of the estimated 8.7\u00a0million Soviet troops who fell in battle against the Nazis, 1.4\u00a0million were ethnic Ukrainians. Victory Day is celebrated as one of ten Ukrainian national holidays.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33676",
"question": "where did the fighting in world war ii take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 68,
"text": "Eastern Front"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33677",
"question": "what percentage of german casualties took place there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "93%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33678",
"question": "how many jews were killed in the war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 246,
"text": "5 and 8 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33679",
"question": "how many soviet troops died in battle ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 409,
"text": "8.7\u00a0million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The republic was heavily damaged by the war, and it required significant efforts to recover. More than 700 cities and towns and 28,000 villages were destroyed. The situation was worsened by a famine in 1946\u201347, which was caused by a drought and the wartime destruction of infrastructure. The death toll of this famine varies, with even the lowest estimate in the tens of thousands.\nIn 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations organization, part of a special agreement at the Yalta Conference.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33680",
"question": "how many cities were destroyed by the towns ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "700"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33681",
"question": "how many villages were destroyed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 128,
"text": "28,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33682",
"question": "in what years was the famine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 202,
"text": "1946\u201347"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33683",
"question": "in what year did the ukrainian ssr become one of the founding members of the united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 385,
"text": "1945"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Post-war ethnic cleansing occurred in the newly expanded Soviet Union. As of 1 January 1953, Ukrainians were second only to Russians among adult \"special deportees\", comprising 20% of the total. In addition, over 450,000 ethnic Germans from Ukraine and more than 200,000 Crimean Tatars were victims of forced deportations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33684",
"question": "when did ukrainians become second to russians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "1 January 1953"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33685",
"question": "what percentage of the total population were ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "20%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33686",
"question": "how many germans were from ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "450,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following the death of Stalin in 1953, Nikita Khrushchev became the new leader of the USSR. Having served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of Ukrainian SSR in 1938\u201349, Khrushchev was intimately familiar with the republic; after taking power union-wide, he began to emphasize the friendship between the Ukrainian and Russian nations. In 1954, the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav was widely celebrated. Crimea was transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33687",
"question": "when did khrushchev become the leader of the ussr ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "1953"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33688",
"question": "who became the new leader of the ussr ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "Nikita Khrushchev"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33689",
"question": "when was the first secretary of the communist party of ukrainian ssr ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "1938\u201349"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "By 1950, the republic had fully surpassed pre-war levels of industry and production. During the 1946\u20131950 five-year plan, nearly 20% of the Soviet budget was invested in Soviet Ukraine, a 5% increase from pre-war plans. As a result, the Ukrainian workforce rose 33.2% from 1940 to 1955 while industrial output grew 2.2 times in that same period.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33690",
"question": "in what year did the republic of the republic take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33691",
"question": "what percentage of the soviet budget was invested in soviet ukraine in 1946 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 129,
"text": "20%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33692",
"question": "what percentage of the soviet budget was invested in soviet ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 188,
"text": "5%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33693",
"question": "what was the ukrainian workforce from 1940 in 1940 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 262,
"text": "33.2%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Soviet Ukraine soon became a European leader in industrial production, and an important centre of the Soviet arms industry and high-tech research. Such an important role resulted in a major influence of the local elite. Many members of the Soviet leadership came from Ukraine, most notably Leonid Brezhnev. He later ousted Khrushchev and became the Soviet leader from 1964 to 1982. Many prominent Soviet sports players, scientists, and artists came from Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33694",
"question": "who was the leader of the soviet leadership ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "Leonid Brezhnev"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33695",
"question": "when did khrushchev become the soviet leader ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 368,
"text": "1964 to 1982"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 26 April 1986, a reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded, resulting in the Chernobyl disaster, the worst nuclear reactor accident in history. This was the only accident to receive the highest possible rating of 7 by the International Nuclear Event Scale, indicating a \"major accident\", until the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011. At the time of the accident, 7 million people lived in the contaminated territories, including 2.2 million in Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33696",
"question": "when was the chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "26 April 1986"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33697",
"question": "what was the reactor in 1986 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant exploded"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33698",
"question": "in what disaster was the chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "Chernobyl disaster"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33699",
"question": "what was the highest possible rating for the international nuclear event ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 228,
"text": "7"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33700",
"question": "what was the highest possible rating for 7 rating ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 237,
"text": "International Nuclear Event Scale"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33701",
"question": "what was the name of the accident that the international nuclear event to receive the highest possible rating ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 313,
"text": "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33702",
"question": "when was the fukushima daiichi nuclear disaster ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 351,
"text": "March 2011"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33703",
"question": "how many people lived in the contaminated territories ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 392,
"text": "7 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33704",
"question": "how many people lived in ukraine in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 458,
"text": "2.2 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After the accident, the new city of Slavutych was built outside the exclusion zone to house and support the employees of the plant, which was decommissioned in 2000. A report prepared by the International Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization attributed 56 direct deaths to the accident and estimated that there may have been 4,000 extra cancer deaths.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33705",
"question": "what was the name of the new city that was built outside the exclusion zone ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "Slavutych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33706",
"question": "in what year was the plant decommissioned ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 160,
"text": "2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33707",
"question": "who attributed 56 direct deaths ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 191,
"text": "International Atomic Energy Agency and World Health Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33708",
"question": "how many direct deaths did the international atomic energy agency have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 267,
"text": "56"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33709",
"question": "what did the international atomic energy agency have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 339,
"text": "4,000 extra cancer deaths"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 16 July 1990, the new parliament adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine. This established the principles of the self-determination, democracy, independence, and the priority of Ukrainian law over Soviet law. A month earlier, a similar declaration was adopted by the parliament of the Russian SFSR. This started a period of confrontation with the central Soviet authorities. In August 1991, a conservative faction among the Communist leaders of the Soviet Union attempted a coup to remove Mikhail Gorbachev and to restore the Communist party's power. After it failed, on 24 August 1991 the Ukrainian parliament adopted the Act of Independence.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33710",
"question": "when was the declaration of state sovereignty of ukraine created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "16 July 1990"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33711",
"question": "what was the name of the new parliament adopted by the new parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33712",
"question": "who adopted a similar declaration of a declaration ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "the parliament of the Russian SFSR"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33713",
"question": "who did the soviet union remove in 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 508,
"text": "Mikhail Gorbachev"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33714",
"question": "when did the ukrainian parliament adopted the act of independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 590,
"text": "24 August 1991"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A referendum and the first presidential elections took place on 1 December 1991. More than 90% of the electorate expressed their support for the Act of Independence, and they elected the chairman of the parliament, Leonid Kravchuk as the first President of Ukraine. At the meeting in Brest, Belarus on 8 December, followed by the Alma Ata meeting on 21 December, the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine formally dissolved the Soviet Union and formed the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33715",
"question": "when did the first presidential elections begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "1 December 1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33716",
"question": "what percentage of the electorate expressed their support for the act of independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "90%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33717",
"question": "who was the first president of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "Leonid Kravchuk"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33718",
"question": "when was the meeting of the meeting in brest ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "8 December"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33719",
"question": "what was the name of the commonwealth formed by the soviet union ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 458,
"text": "Commonwealth of Independent States"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine was initially viewed as having favourable economic conditions in comparison to the other regions of the Soviet Union. However, the country experienced deeper economic slowdown than some of the other former Soviet Republics. During the recession, Ukraine lost 60% of its GDP from 1991 to 1999, and suffered five-digit inflation rates. Dissatisfied with the economic conditions, as well as the amounts of crime and corruption in Ukraine, Ukrainians protested and organized strikes.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33720",
"question": "what percentage of ukraine did ukraine sell from 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 267,
"text": "60%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33721",
"question": "when did ukraine invade 60 % of its gdp ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 287,
"text": "1991 to 1999"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33722",
"question": "what did ukraine increase during the recession ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 314,
"text": "five-digit inflation rates"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Ukrainian economy stabilized by the end of the 1990s. A new currency, the hryvnia, was introduced in 1996. After 2000, the country enjoyed steady real economic growth averaging about seven\u00a0percent annually. A new Constitution of Ukraine was adopted under second President Leonid Kuchma in 1996, which turned Ukraine into a semi-presidential republic and established a stable political system. Kuchma was, however, criticised by opponents for corruption, electoral fraud, discouraging free speech and concentrating too much power in his office. Ukraine also pursued full nuclear disarmament, giving up the third largest nuclear weapons stockpile in the world and dismantling or removing all strategic bombers on its territory in exchange for various assurances (main article: Nuclear weapons and Ukraine).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33723",
"question": "what currency was introduced in 1996 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 78,
"text": "hryvnia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33724",
"question": "when was the new currency introduced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 105,
"text": "1996"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33725",
"question": "who adopted a new constitution of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 266,
"text": "President Leonid Kuchma"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33726",
"question": "when was a new constitution adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 293,
"text": "1996"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2004, Viktor Yanukovych, then Prime Minister, was declared the winner of the presidential elections, which had been largely rigged, as the Supreme Court of Ukraine later ruled. The results caused a public outcry in support of the opposition candidate, Viktor Yushchenko, who challenged the outcome. This resulted in the peaceful Orange Revolution, bringing Viktor Yushchenko and Yulia Tymoshenko to power, while casting Viktor Yanukovych in opposition.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33727",
"question": "when was the winner of the presidential elections ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33728",
"question": "who was declared the winner of the presidential elections ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33729",
"question": "who was declared the winner of the presidential elections ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Prime Minister"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33730",
"question": "who challenged the outcome of the opposition candidate ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 255,
"text": "Viktor Yushchenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33731",
"question": "what did the peaceful orange revolution provide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 360,
"text": "Viktor Yushchenko and Yulia Tymoshenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33732",
"question": "what was the name of the casting casting in opposition ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 423,
"text": "Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Activists of the Orange Revolution were funded and trained in tactics of political organisation and nonviolent resistance by Western pollsters and professional consultants who were partly funded by Western government and non-government agencies but received most of their funding from domestic sources. According to \"The Guardian\", the foreign donors included the U.S. State Department and USAID along with the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, the International Republican Institute, the NGO Freedom House and George Soros's Open Society Institute. The National Endowment for Democracy has supported democracy-building efforts in Ukraine since 1988. Writings on nonviolent struggle by Gene Sharp contributed in forming the strategic basis of the student campaigns.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33733",
"question": "what is the name of the international republican institute ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 508,
"text": "the NGO Freedom House and George Soros's Open Society Institute"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33734",
"question": "what year did the national endowment for democracy in ukraine end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 668,
"text": "1988"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Russian authorities provided support through advisers such as Gleb Pavlovsky, consulting on blackening the image of Yushchenko through the state media, pressuring state-dependent voters to vote for Yanukovich and on vote-rigging techniques such as multiple 'carousel voting' and 'dead souls' voting.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33735",
"question": "who was the advisers of russian authorities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "Gleb Pavlovsky"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33736",
"question": "what was the image of the russian authorities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Yushchenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33737",
"question": "what were some of the techniques that russian authorities provided ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 248,
"text": "multiple 'carousel voting' and 'dead souls' voting"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Yanukovych returned to power in 2006 as Prime Minister in the Alliance of National Unity, until snap elections in September 2007 made Tymoshenko Prime Minister again. Amid the 2008\u201309 Ukrainian financial crisis the Ukrainian economy plunged by 15%. Disputes with Russia briefly stopped all gas supplies to Ukraine in 2006 and again in 2009, leading to gas shortages in other countries. Viktor Yanukovych was elected President in 2010 with 48% of votes.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33738",
"question": "in what year did prime minister return to power in the alliance of national unity ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "2006"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33739",
"question": "what was the title of the alliance of national unity in 2006 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "Prime Minister"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33740",
"question": "what was the name of the prime minister ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "Alliance of National Unity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33741",
"question": "when was the prime minister of national unity ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "September 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33742",
"question": "who was the prime minister in 2007 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 134,
"text": "Tymoshenko Prime Minister"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33743",
"question": "what percentage of the ukrainian economy did the ukrainian economy contribute ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 244,
"text": "15%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33744",
"question": "who was elected president in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 386,
"text": "Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33745",
"question": "what percentage of votes was elected in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 439,
"text": "48%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Euromaidan (, literally \"Eurosquare\") protests started in November 2013 after the president, Viktor Yanukovych, began moving away from an association agreement that had been in the works with the European Union and instead chose to establish closer ties with the Russian Federation. Some Ukrainians took to the streets to show their support for closer ties with Europe. Meanwhile, in the predominantly Russian-speaking east, a large portion of the population opposed the \"Euromaidan\" protests, instead supporting the Yanukovych government. Over time, \"Euromaidan\" came to describe a wave of demonstrations and civil unrest in Ukraine, the scope of which evolved to include calls for the resignation of President Yanukovych and his government.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33746",
"question": "what is the name of the protests that started protests ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 29,
"text": "Eurosquare"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33747",
"question": "when did the president begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "November 2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33748",
"question": "who was the president of protests in 2013 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 97,
"text": "Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33749",
"question": "what did a large portion of the population of the east empire cause ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 475,
"text": "\"Euromaidan\" protests"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Violence escalated after 16 January 2014 when the government accepted new Anti-Protest Laws. Violent anti-government demonstrators occupied buildings in the centre of Kiev, including the Justice Ministry building, and riots left 98 dead with approximately fifteen thousand injured and 100 considered missing from 18 to 20 February. Owing to the violent protests, Members of Parliament voted on 22 February to remove the president and set an election for 25 May to select his replacement. Petro Poroshenko, running on a pro-European Union platform, won with over fifty percent of the vote, therefore not requiring a run-off election. Upon his election, Poroshenko announced that his immediate priorities would be to take action in the civil unrest in Eastern Ukraine and mend ties with the Russian Federation. Poroshenko was inaugurated as president on 7 June 2014, as previously announced by his spokeswoman Irina Friz in a low-key ceremony without a celebration on Kiev's Maidan Nezalezhnosti square (the centre of the Euromaidan protests) for the ceremony. In October 2014, Ukrainians voted to keep Poroshenko in power.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33750",
"question": "when did violence escalated laws end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "16 January 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33751",
"question": "what laws did the government support in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 74,
"text": "Anti-Protest Laws"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33752",
"question": "when did the riots of riots end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 313,
"text": "18 to 20 February"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The ousting of Yanukovich prompted Vladimir Putin to begin preparations to annex Crimea on 23 February 2014. Using the Russian naval base at Sevastopol as cover, Putin directed Russian troops and intelligence agents to disarm Ukrainian forces and take control of Crimea. After the troops entered Crimea, a controversial referendum was held on 16 March 2014 and the official result was that 97 percent wished to join with Russia. On 18 March 2014, Russia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Crimea signed a treaty of accession of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol in the Russian Federation. The UN general assembly responded by passing resolution 68/262 that the referendum was invalid and supporting the territorial integrity of Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33753",
"question": "who prompted preparations to annex crimea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Vladimir Putin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33754",
"question": "when did vladimir putin to annex crimea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "23 February 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33755",
"question": "when was the referendum held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 343,
"text": "16 March 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33756",
"question": "what percentage of the referendum was wished to join russia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 390,
"text": "97 percent"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33757",
"question": "what was the resolution of the un general assembly ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 650,
"text": "68/262"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Separately, in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, armed men declaring themselves as local militia seized government buildings, police and special police stations in several cities and held unrecognised status referendums. The insurgency was led by Russian emissaries Igor Girkin and Alexander Borodai as well as militants from Russia, such as Arseny Pavlov.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33758",
"question": "who led the insurgency ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 265,
"text": "Igor Girkin and Alexander Borodai"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33759",
"question": "what was the name of the insurgency that led the insurgency ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 341,
"text": "Arseny Pavlov"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Talks in Geneva between the EU, Russia, Ukraine and USA yielded a Joint Diplomatic Statement referred to as the 2014 Geneva Pact in which the parties requested that all unlawful militias lay down their arms and vacate seized government buildings, and also establish a political dialogue that could lead to more autonomy for Ukraine's regions. When Petro Poroshenko won the presidential election held on 25 May 2014, he vowed to continue the military operations by the Ukrainian government forces to end the armed insurgency. More than 9,000 people have been killed in the military campaign.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33760",
"question": "between which countries did the 2014 geneva pact occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 28,
"text": "EU, Russia, Ukraine and USA"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33761",
"question": "what was the name of the statement that the geneva pact establish ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "Joint Diplomatic Statement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33762",
"question": "what was the name of the joint diplomatic statement in geneva ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "2014 Geneva Pact"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33763",
"question": "what did the geneva pact do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "all unlawful militias lay down their arms and vacate seized government buildings"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33764",
"question": "who won the presidential election ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 348,
"text": "Petro Poroshenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33765",
"question": "when did the presidential election begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 403,
"text": "25 May 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33766",
"question": "how many people have been killed in the military campaign ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 535,
"text": "9,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In August 2014, a bilateral commission of leading scholars from the United States and Russia issued the Boisto Agenda indicating a 24-step plan to resolve the crisis in Ukraine. The Boisto Agenda was organized into five imperative categories for addressing the crisis requiring stabilization identified as: (1) Elements of an Enduring, Verifiable Ceasefire; (2) Economic Relations; (3) Social and Cultural Issues; (4) Crimea; and, (5) International Status of Ukraine. In late 2014, Ukraine ratified the Ukraine\u2013European Union Association Agreement, which Poroshenko described as Ukraine's \"first but most decisive step\" towards EU membership. Poroshenko also set 2020 as the target for EU membership application.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33767",
"question": "what was the name of the bilateral commission of leading scholars from the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "Boisto Agenda"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33768",
"question": "how many imperative categories were there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33769",
"question": "what agreement did ukraine ratified in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 503,
"text": "Ukraine\u2013European Union Association Agreement"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In February 2015, after a summit hosted in Belarus, Poroshenko negotiated a ceasefire with the separatist troops. This included conditions such as the withdrawal of heavy weaponry from the front line and decentralisation of rebel regions by the end of 2015. It also included conditions such as Ukrainian control of the border with Russia in 2015 and the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Ukrainian territory. The ceasefire began at midnight on 15 February 2015. Participants in this ceasefire also agreed to attend regular meetings to ensure that the agreement is respected.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33770",
"question": "when did the summit of a summit take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "February 2015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33771",
"question": "who negotiated a ceasefire in february 2015 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "Poroshenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33772",
"question": "in what year did ukrainian control of the border take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 341,
"text": "2015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33773",
"question": "when did the ceasefire begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "15 February 2015"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 1 January 2016, Ukraine joined the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area with European Union, which aims to modernize and develop Ukraine's economy, governance and rule of law to EU standards and gradually increase integration with the EU Internal market.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33774",
"question": "when did ukraine join ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1 January 2016"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33775",
"question": "what did ukraine join in 2016 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 38,
"text": "Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33776",
"question": "what was the name of the free trade in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "European Union"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33777",
"question": "what did the european union area do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "modernize and develop Ukraine's economy, governance and rule of law to EU standards and gradually increase integration with the EU Internal market"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Several states have existed on the territory of present-day Ukraine since its foundation. Most of these territories have been located within Eastern Europe. However, as depicted in the maps here, they have at times extended well into Eurasia and Southeastern Europe. At other times there has been no distinct Ukrainian state, its territories having been annexed by its more powerful neighbours.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33778",
"question": "where has most of the territories been located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "Eastern Europe"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33779",
"question": "where did the territories of maps take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 234,
"text": "Eurasia and Southeastern Europe"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "At and with a coastline of , Ukraine is the world's 46th-largest country (after South Sudan, before Madagascar). It is the largest wholly European country and the second largest country in Europe (after the European part of Russia, before metropolitan France). It lies between latitudes 44\u00b0 and 53\u00b0 N, and longitudes 22\u00b0 and 41\u00b0 E.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33780",
"question": "what is the coastline of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "46th-largest country"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33781",
"question": "what latitudes does ukraine have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 287,
"text": "44\u00b0 and 53\u00b0 N"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The landscape of Ukraine consists mostly of fertile plains (or steppes) and plateaus, crossed by rivers such as the Dnieper (), Seversky Donets, Dniester and the Southern Buh as they flow south into the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. To the southwest, the delta of the Danube forms the border with Romania. Its various regions have diverse geographic features ranging from the highlands to the lowlands. The country's only mountains are the Carpathian Mountains in the west, of which the highest is the Hora Hoverla at , and the Crimean Mountains on Crimea, in the extreme south along the coast. However Ukraine also has a number of highland regions such as the Volyn-Podillia Upland (in the west) and the Near-Dnipro Upland (on the right bank of Dnieper); to the east there are the south-western spurs of the Central Russian Uplands over which runs the border with Russian Federation. Near the Sea of Azov can be found the Donets Ridge and the Near Azov Upland. The snow melt from the mountains feeds the rivers, and natural changes in altitude form a sudden drop in elevation and create many opportunities to form waterfalls.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33782",
"question": "what is the landscape of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "fertile plains"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33783",
"question": "what is the only mountains in the west ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 449,
"text": "Carpathian Mountains"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Significant natural resources in Ukraine include iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber and an abundance of arable land. Despite this, the country faces a number of major environmental issues such as inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution and deforestation, as well as radiation contamination in the north-east from the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Recycling toxic household waste is still in its infancy in Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33784",
"question": "where did the 1986 accident take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "From northwest to southeast the soils of Ukraine may be divided into three major aggregations: a zone of sandy podzolized soils; a central belt consisting of the black, extremely fertile Ukrainian (chernozems); and a zone of chestnut and salinized soils.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33785",
"question": "how many major aggregations are there in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "three"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33786",
"question": "what is the zone of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 105,
"text": "sandy podzolized soils"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33787",
"question": "what are the zone of the zone of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "chestnut and salinized soils"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As much as two-thirds of the country's surface land consists of the so-called black earth (chornozem), a resource that has made Ukraine one of the most fertile regions in the world and famously called a \"breadbasket.\" These (chornozem) soils may be divided into three broad groups: in the north a belt of the so-called deep chernozems, about thick and rich in humus; south and east of the former, a zone of prairie, or ordinary, chernozems, which are equally rich in humus but only about thick; and the southernmost belt, which is even thinner and has still less humus. Interspersed in various uplands and along the northern and western perimeters of the deep chernozems are mixtures of gray forest soils and podzolized black-earth soils, which together occupy much of Ukraine's remaining area. All these soils are very fertile when sufficient water is available. However, their intensive cultivation, especially on steep slopes, has led to widespread soil erosion and gullying.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33788",
"question": "what is the name of the resource that has made ukraine 's surface land ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 78,
"text": "black earth"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33789",
"question": "what is another name for black earth ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "chornozem"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33790",
"question": "what is the black earth called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 204,
"text": "breadbasket"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The smallest proportion of the soil cover consists of the chestnut soils of the southern and eastern regions. They become increasingly salinized to the south as they approach the Black Sea.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33791",
"question": "what does the smallest proportion of the soil cover ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "the chestnut soils of the southern and eastern regions"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33792",
"question": "what did the south sea approach the south as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 179,
"text": "Black Sea"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is home to a very wide range of animals, fungi, microorganisms and plants.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33793",
"question": "what are ukraine 's wide range ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "fungi, microorganisms and plants"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is divided into two main zoological areas. One of these areas, in the west of the country, is made up of the borderlands of Europe, where there are species typical of mixed forests, the other is located in eastern Ukraine, where steppe-dwelling species thrive. In the forested areas of the country it is not uncommon to find lynxes, wolves, wild boar and martens, as well as many other similar species; this is especially true of the Carpathian Mountains, where a large number of predatory mammals make their home, as well as a contingent of brown bears. Around Ukraine's lakes and rivers beavers, otters and mink make their home, whilst within, carp, bream and catfish are the most commonly found species of fish. In the central and eastern parts of the country, rodents such as hamsters and gophers are found in large numbers.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33794",
"question": "where is the species typical of mixed forests ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 214,
"text": "eastern Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33795",
"question": "what mountains is true of the ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 442,
"text": "Carpathian Mountains"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "More than 6,600 species of fungi (including lichen-forming species) have been recorded from Ukraine, but this number is far from complete. The true total number of fungal species occurring in Ukraine, including species not yet recorded, is likely to be far higher, given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have so far been discovered. Although the amount of available information is still very small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to Ukraine, and 2217 such species have been tentatively identified.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33796",
"question": "how many species of fungi have been recorded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "6,600"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33797",
"question": "what percentage of fungi worldwide have so far been discovered ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 319,
"text": "7%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33798",
"question": "what type of species have been tentatively identified ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 534,
"text": "2217"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has a mostly temperate climate, with the exception of the southern coast of Crimea which has a subtropical climate. The climate is influenced by moderately warm, humid air coming from the Atlantic Ocean. Average annual temperatures range from in the north, to in the south. Precipitation is disproportionately distributed; it is highest in the west and north and lowest in the east and southeast. Western Ukraine, particularly in the Carpathian Mountains, receives around of precipitation annually, while Crimea and the coastal areas of the Black Sea receive around .",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33799",
"question": "where is moderately located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "Atlantic Ocean"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33800",
"question": "where is western ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 442,
"text": "Carpathian Mountains"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is a republic under a mixed semi-parliamentary semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33801",
"question": "what is ukraine a republic under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "mixed semi-parliamentary semi-presidential system"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33802",
"question": "what types of branches does ukraine have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With the proclamation of its independence on 24 August 1991, and adoption of a constitution on 28 June 1996, Ukraine became a semi-presidential republic. However, in 2004, deputies introduced changes to the Constitution, which tipped the balance of power in favour of a parliamentary system. From 2004 to 2010, the legitimacy of the 2004 Constitutional amendments had official sanction, both with the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, and most major political parties. Despite this, on 30 September 2010 the Constitutional Court ruled that the amendments were null and void, forcing a return to the terms of the 1996 Constitution and again making Ukraine's political system more presidential in character.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33803",
"question": "when was the proclamation of its independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "24 August 1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33804",
"question": "on what date did ukraine become a constitution ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "28 June 1996"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33805",
"question": "in what year was the constitution introduced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 166,
"text": "2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33806",
"question": "when did the constitutional court rule that the amendments were null and void ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 485,
"text": "30 September 2010"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The ruling on the 2004 Constitutional amendments became a major topic of political discourse. Much of the concern was based on the fact that neither the Constitution of 1996 nor the Constitution of 2004 provided the ability to \"undo the Constitution\", as the decision of the Constitutional Court would have it, even though the 2004 constitution arguably has an exhaustive list of possible procedures for constitutional amendments (articles 154\u2013159). In any case, the current Constitution could be modified by a vote in Parliament.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33807",
"question": "in what year did the constitutional amendments become a major topic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 18,
"text": "2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33808",
"question": "what provided the ability to `` undo the constitution '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 149,
"text": "the Constitution of 1996 nor the Constitution of 2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33809",
"question": "what was the name of the ability that the constitution provided ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 228,
"text": "undo the Constitution\""
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 21 February 2014 an agreement between President Viktor Yanukovych and opposition leaders saw the country return to the 2004 Constitution. The historic agreement, brokered by the European Union, followed protests that began in late November 2013 and culminated in a week of violent clashes in which scores of protesters were killed. In addition to returning the country to the 2004 Constitution, the deal provided for the formation of a coalition government, the calling of early elections, and the release of former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko from prison. A day after the agreement was reached the Ukraine parliament dismissed Yanukovych and installed its speaker Oleksandr Turchynov as interim president and Arseniy Yatsenyuk as the Prime Minister of Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33810",
"question": "when was the country return to the 2004 constitution ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "21 February 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33811",
"question": "who was the president of the 2004 constitution ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "President Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33812",
"question": "who brokered the historic agreement ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "the European Union"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33813",
"question": "who was the release of the prison ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 519,
"text": "Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33814",
"question": "what was the name of the ukraine 's parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 635,
"text": "Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33815",
"question": "who was the speaker of the ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 672,
"text": "Oleksandr Turchynov"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The President is elected by popular vote for a five-year term and is the formal head of state.\nUkraine's legislative branch includes the 450-seat unicameral parliament, the Verkhovna Rada. The parliament is primarily responsible for the formation of the executive branch and the Cabinet of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister. However, the President still retains the authority to nominate the Ministers of the Foreign Affairs and of Defence for parliamentary approval, as well as the power to appoint the Prosecutor General and the head of the Security Service.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33816",
"question": "what is ukraine 's legislative branch ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "450-seat unicameral parliament"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33817",
"question": "what is the name of ukraine 's legislative branch ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 169,
"text": "the Verkhovna Rada"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33818",
"question": "what is the parliament primarily responsible for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 233,
"text": "the formation of the executive branch and the Cabinet of Ministers"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33819",
"question": "who headed the cabinet of ministers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 311,
"text": "the Prime Minister"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Laws, acts of the parliament and the cabinet, presidential decrees, and acts of the Crimean parliament may be abrogated by the Constitutional Court, should they be found to violate the constitution. Other normative acts are subject to judicial review. The Supreme Court is the main body in the system of courts of general jurisdiction.\nLocal self-government is officially guaranteed. Local councils and city mayors are popularly elected and exercise control over local budgets. The heads of regional and district administrations are appointed by the President in accordance with the proposals of the Prime Minister. This system virtually requires an agreement between the President and the Prime Minister, and has in the past led to problems, such as when President Yushchenko exploited a perceived loophole by appointing so-called 'temporarily acting' officers, instead of actual governors or local leaders, thus evading the need to seek a compromise with the Prime Minister. This practice was controversial and was subject to Constitutional Court review.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33820",
"question": "who may be found to violate the crimean parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "the Constitutional Court"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33821",
"question": "what is the purpose of the crimean parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 173,
"text": "violate the constitution"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33822",
"question": "what are other normative acts subject to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 235,
"text": "judicial review"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has a large number of political parties, many of which have tiny memberships and are unknown to the general public. Small parties often join in multi-party coalitions (electoral blocs) for the purpose of participating in parliamentary elections.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33823",
"question": "where do small parties often join parliamentary elections ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 152,
"text": "multi-party coalitions"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33824",
"question": "what is another name for small parties ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 176,
"text": "electoral blocs"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The courts enjoy legal, financial and constitutional freedom guaranteed by Ukrainian law since 2002. Judges are largely well protected from dismissal (except in the instance of gross misconduct). Court justices are appointed by presidential decree for an initial period of five years, after which Ukraine's Supreme Council confirms their positions for life. Although there are still problems, the system is considered to have been much improved since Ukraine's independence in 1991. The Supreme Court is regarded as an independent and impartial body, and has on several occasions ruled against the Ukrainian government. The World Justice Project ranks Ukraine 66 out of 99 countries surveyed in its annual Rule of Law Index.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33825",
"question": "in what year did ukrainian law enjoy legal and constitutional freedom ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "2002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33826",
"question": "what are judges well protected from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 140,
"text": "dismissal"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33827",
"question": "how long are court justices appointed by presidential decree ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "five years"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33828",
"question": "who confirms their positions for life justices ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 297,
"text": "Ukraine's Supreme Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33829",
"question": "in what year was ukraine improved ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 477,
"text": "1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33830",
"question": "what is the supreme court regarded as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 516,
"text": "an independent and impartial body"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33831",
"question": "how many countries does the world justice project have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 670,
"text": "99"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Prosecutors in Ukraine have greater powers than in most European countries, and according to the European Commission for Democracy through Law 'the role and functions of the Prosecutor's Office is not in accordance with Council of Europe standards\". The criminal judicial system maintains an average conviction rate of over 99%, equal to the conviction rate of the Soviet Union, with suspects often being incarcerated for long periods before trial. On 24 March 2010, President Yanukovych formed an expert group to make recommendations how to \"clean up the current mess and adopt a law on court organization\". One day later, he stated \"We can no longer disgrace our country with such a court system.\" The criminal judicial system and the prison system of Ukraine remain quite punitive.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33832",
"question": "what is not in accordance with council of europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 97,
"text": "European Commission for Democracy through Law 'the role and functions of the Prosecutor's Office"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33833",
"question": "what is the name of the council of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 220,
"text": "Council of Europe standards"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33834",
"question": "what is the average conviction of the criminal judicial system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 324,
"text": "99%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33835",
"question": "on what date did president yanukovych begin to make recommendations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 452,
"text": "24 March 2010"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33836",
"question": "who formed an expert group to make a law on court organization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 467,
"text": "President Yanukovych"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33837",
"question": "what did president yanukovych make an recommendations to make ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 543,
"text": "clean up the current mess and adopt a law on court organization"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since 1 January 2010 it has been permissible to hold court proceedings in Russian by mutual consent of the parties. Citizens unable to speak Ukrainian or Russian may use their native language or the services of a translator. Previously all court proceedings had to be held in Ukrainian.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33838",
"question": "when did court proceedings hold court proceedings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 6,
"text": "1 January 2010"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33839",
"question": "how did court proceedings hold court proceedings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "mutual consent of the parties"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33840",
"question": "what may use their native language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Citizens unable to speak Ukrainian or Russian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33841",
"question": "what do citizens unable to speak ukrainian or russian ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 170,
"text": "their native language or the services of a translator"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Law enforcement agencies in Ukraine are organised under the authority of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. They consist primarily of the national police force \"(\u041ci\u043bi\u0446i\u044f)\" and various specialised units and agencies such as the State Border Guard and the Coast Guard services. Law enforcement agencies, particularly the police, faced criticism for their heavy handling of the 2004 Orange Revolution. Many thousands of police officers were stationed throughout the capital, primarily to dissuade protesters from challenging the state's authority but also to provide a quick reaction force in case of need; most officers were armed. Bloodshed was only avoided when Lt. Gen. Sergei Popkov heeded his colleagues' calls to withdraw.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33842",
"question": "who are law enforcement agencies organised under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "Ministry of Internal Affairs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33843",
"question": "what force does law enforcement agencies belong to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "national police force"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33844",
"question": "what are some of the specialised units in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 226,
"text": "State Border Guard and the Coast Guard services"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33845",
"question": "what revolution did law enforcement agencies take over ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 374,
"text": "2004 Orange Revolution"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Ministry of Internal Affairs is also responsible for the maintenance of the State Security Service; Ukraine's domestic intelligence agency, which has on occasion been accused of acting like a secret police force serving to protect the country's political elite from media criticism. On the other hand, however, it is widely accepted that members of the service provided vital information about government plans to the leaders of the Orange Revolution to prevent the collapse of the movement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33846",
"question": "what is responsible for the maintenance of the state security service ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The Ministry of Internal Affairs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33847",
"question": "what is the ministry of internal affairs responsible for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "State Security Service"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33848",
"question": "what is the name of the agency that has a secret police force ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 104,
"text": "Ukraine's domestic intelligence agency"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33849",
"question": "what is the domestic intelligence agency accused of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 194,
"text": "a secret police force serving to protect the country's political elite from media criticism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33850",
"question": "what revolution did the ministry of internal affairs want to prevent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 437,
"text": "Orange Revolution"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1999\u20132001, Ukraine served as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council. Historically, Soviet Ukraine joined the United Nations in 1945 as one of the original members following a Western compromise with the Soviet Union, which had asked for seats for all 15 of its union republics. Ukraine has consistently supported peaceful, negotiated settlements to disputes. It has participated in the quadripartite talks on the conflict in Moldova and promoted a peaceful resolution to conflict in the post-Soviet state of Georgia. Ukraine also has made a substantial contribution to UN peacekeeping operations since 1992.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33851",
"question": "when did the un security council begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1999\u20132001"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33852",
"question": "what was the name of ukraine 's security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "UN Security Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33853",
"question": "when did soviet ukraine join the united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33854",
"question": "what did the soviet union asked to seats for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 261,
"text": "all 15 of its union republics"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33855",
"question": "in what year did ukraine receive a contribution to un peacekeeping operations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 616,
"text": "1992"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine currently considers Euro-Atlantic integration its primary foreign policy objective, but in practice it has always balanced its relationship with the European Union and the United States with strong ties to Russia. The European Union's Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with Ukraine went into force on 1 March 1998. The European Union (EU) has encouraged Ukraine to implement the PCA fully before discussions begin on an association agreement, issued at the EU Summit in December 1999 in Helsinki, recognizes Ukraine's long-term aspirations but does not discuss association. On 31 January 1992, Ukraine joined the then-Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (now the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and on 10 March 1992, it became a member of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council. Ukraine\u2013NATO relations are close and the country has declared interest in eventual membership. This was removed from the government's foreign policy agenda upon election of Viktor Yanukovych to the presidency, in 2010. But after February 2014's Yanukovych ouster and the (denied by Russia) following Russian military intervention in Ukraine Ukraine renewed its drive for NATO membership. Ukraine is the most active member of the Partnership for Peace (PfP). All major political parties in Ukraine support full eventual integration into the European Union. The Association Agreement with the EU was expected to be signed and put into effect by the end of 2011, but the process was suspended by 2012 because of the political developments of that time. The Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union was signed in 2014.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33856",
"question": "what does pca stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 222,
"text": "The European Union's Partnership and Cooperation Agreement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33857",
"question": "when did the european union 's partnership begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 319,
"text": "1 March 1998"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33858",
"question": "when was the eu summit issued ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 488,
"text": "December 1999"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine long had close ties with all its neighbours, but Russia\u2013Ukraine relations became difficult in 2014 by the annexation of Crimea, energy dependence and payment disputes.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33859",
"question": "what was the name of the relations that became difficult in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "Russia\u2013Ukraine relations"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33860",
"question": "when did ukraine become difficult to ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33861",
"question": "why did ukraine relations in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 110,
"text": "the annexation of Crimea, energy dependence and payment disputes"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33862",
"question": "where is ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 27,
"text": "European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33863",
"question": "what does the european union policy aims ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 94,
"text": "bringing the EU and its neighbours closer"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The system of Ukrainian subdivisions reflects the country's status as a unitary state (as stated in the country's constitution) with unified legal and administrative regimes for each unit.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33864",
"question": "what does the ukrainian subdivisions of ukrainian subdivisions represent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "a unitary state"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33865",
"question": "what do the ukrainian subdivisions of ukrainian subdivisions reflects ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "unified legal and administrative regimes"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine consists of 27 regions which are twenty-four oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous republic (), Crimea. Additionally, the cities of Kiev, the capital, and Sevastopol, both have a special legal status. The 24 oblasts and Crimea are subdivided into 490 (districts) and city municipalities of regional significance, or second-level administrative units. The average area of a Ukrainian raion is ; the average population of a raion is 52,000 people.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33866",
"question": "how many regions are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "27"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33867",
"question": "how many oblasts are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "twenty-four oblasts (provinces) and one autonomous republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33868",
"question": "what is the 24 oblasts of the 24 oblasts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "490"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33869",
"question": "how many people are in the average population ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 440,
"text": "52,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Populated places in Ukraine are split into two categories: urban and rural. Urban populated places are split further into cities and urban-type settlements (a Soviet administrative invention), while rural populated places consist of villages and settlements (a generally used term). All cities have certain degree of self-rule depending on their significance such as national significance (as in the case of Kiev and Sevastopol), regional significance (within each oblast or autonomous republic) or district significance (all the rest of cities). City's significance depends on several factors such as its population, socio-economic and historical importance, infrastructure and others.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33870",
"question": "what are the two categories of populated places in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "urban and rural"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following the 2014 Crimean crisis, Crimea and Sevastopol became de facto administrated by the Russian Federation, which claims them as the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol. They are still recognised as being Ukrainian territory by the majority of the international community.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33871",
"question": "which russian federation became de facto the russian federation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "Crimea and Sevastopol"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33872",
"question": "who claims that the republic of crimea was the republic of crimea ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "the Russian Federation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33873",
"question": "what was the name of the russian federation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33874",
"question": "the 2014 crimean crisis are still recognised as what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 252,
"text": "the majority of the international community"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Ukraine inherited a 780,000-man military force on its territory, equipped with the third-largest nuclear weapons arsenal in the world. In May 1992, Ukraine signed the Lisbon Protocol in which the country agreed to give up all nuclear weapons to Russia for disposal and to join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a non-nuclear weapon state. Ukraine ratified the treaty in 1994, and by 1996 the country became free of nuclear weapons.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33875",
"question": "how many military force did ukraine receive ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 63,
"text": "780,000-man"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33876",
"question": "when was the lisbon protocol signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 181,
"text": "May 1992"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33877",
"question": "what did the lisbon protocol join ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 324,
"text": "Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33878",
"question": "when did ukraine invade the treaty ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 419,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33879",
"question": "in what year did the country become free of nuclear weapons ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 432,
"text": "1996"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine took consistent steps toward reduction of conventional weapons. It signed the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe, which called for reduction of tanks, artillery, and armoured vehicles (army forces were reduced to 300,000). The country plans to convert the current conscript-based military into a professional volunteer military.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33880",
"question": "what did ukraine build the treaty on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "Conventional Armed Forces"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33881",
"question": "what were the names of the treaty on conventional armed forces ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 163,
"text": "tanks, artillery, and armoured vehicles"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33882",
"question": "how many vehicles were reduced by ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 232,
"text": "300,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has been playing an increasingly larger role in peacekeeping operations. On Friday 3 January 2014, the Ukrainian frigate \"Hetman Sagaidachniy\" joined the European Union's counter piracy Operation Atalanta and will be part of the EU Naval Force off the coast of Somalia for two months. Ukrainian troops are deployed in Kosovo as part of the Ukrainian-Polish Battalion. A Ukrainian unit was deployed in Lebanon, as part of UN Interim Force enforcing the mandated ceasefire agreement. There was also a maintenance and training battalion deployed in Sierra Leone. In 2003\u201305, a Ukrainian unit was deployed as part of the Multinational force in Iraq under Polish command. The total Ukrainian armed forces deployment around the world is 562 servicemen.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33883",
"question": "what was the name of the ukrainian frigate who joined piracy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "Hetman Sagaidachniy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33884",
"question": "what are ukrainian troops deployed as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 348,
"text": "Ukrainian-Polish Battalion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33885",
"question": "what was a ukrainian unit deployed in lebanon ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "UN Interim Force"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33886",
"question": "when was a ukrainian unit deployed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 571,
"text": "2003\u201305"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33887",
"question": "what is the total ukrainian armed forces ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 739,
"text": "562 servicemen"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Military units of other states participate in multinational military exercises with Ukrainian forces in Ukraine regularly, including U.S. military forces.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33888",
"question": "who are some of the forces in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 133,
"text": "U.S. military forces"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Following independence, Ukraine declared itself a neutral state. The country has had a limited military partnership with Russian Federation, other CIS countries and a partnership with NATO since 1994. In the 2000s, the government was leaning towards NATO, and a deeper cooperation with the alliance was set by the NATO-Ukraine Action Plan signed in 2002. It was later agreed that the question of joining NATO should be answered by a national referendum at some point in the future. Recently deposed President Viktor Yanukovych considered the current level of co-operation between Ukraine and NATO sufficient, and was against Ukraine joining NATO. During the 2008 Bucharest summit, NATO declared that Ukraine would eventually become a member of NATO when it meets the criteria for the accession.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33889",
"question": "when did the partnership between nato and nato end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 195,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33890",
"question": "who set the deeper cooperation with nato ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 314,
"text": "NATO-Ukraine Action Plan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33891",
"question": "when was the action plan signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 349,
"text": "2002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33892",
"question": "who was deposed between ukraine and nato ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 499,
"text": "President Viktor Yanukovych"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1991, the government liberalised most prices to combat widespread product shortages, and was successful in overcoming the problem. At the same time, the government continued to subsidise state-run industries and agriculture by uncovered monetary emission. The loose monetary policies of the early 1990s pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels. For the year 1993, Ukraine holds the world record for inflation in one calendar year. Those living on fixed incomes suffered the most. Prices stabilised only after the introduction of new currency, the hryvnia, in 1996. The country was also slow in implementing structural reforms. Following independence, the government formed a legal framework for privatisation. However, widespread resistance to reforms within the government and from a significant part of the population soon stalled the reform efforts. A large number of state-owned enterprises were exempt from the privatisation process.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33893",
"question": "in what year was most prices to combat widespread product ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33894",
"question": "in what year did the currency of currency occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 566,
"text": "1996"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the meantime, by 1999, the GDP had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991 level. It recovered considerably in the following years, but as at 2014 had yet to reach the historical maximum. In the early 2000s, the economy showed strong export-based growth of 5 to 10%, with industrial production growing more than 10% per year. Ukraine was hit by the economic crisis of 2008 and in November 2008, the IMF approved a stand-by loan of $16.5 billion for the country.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33895",
"question": "in what year was the gdp of 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "1999"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33896",
"question": "what percentage of the 1991 level was the gdp of 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "40%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33897",
"question": "what was the growth rate in the early 2000s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "5 to 10%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33898",
"question": "in the early 2000s , what percentage of industrial production was per year ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 311,
"text": "10%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33899",
"question": "in what year was ukraine hit ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 367,
"text": "2008"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33900",
"question": "how much did the imf cost for ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 430,
"text": "$16.5 billion"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine's 2010 GDP (PPP), as calculated by the CIA, is ranked 38th in the world and estimated at $305.2\u00a0billion. Its GDP per capita in 2010 according to the CIA was $6,700 (in PPP terms), ranked 107th in the world. Nominal GDP (in U.S. dollars, calculated at market exchange rate) was $136\u00a0billion, ranked 53rd in the world. By July 2008 the average nominal salary in Ukraine reached 1,930\u00a0hryvnias per month. Despite remaining lower than in neighbouring central European countries, the salary income growth in 2008 stood at 36.8%",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33901",
"question": "where is ukraine ranked in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "38th"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33902",
"question": "what was the gdp of ukraine in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 97,
"text": "$305.2"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33903",
"question": "what was the cia 's gdp in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "$6,700"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33904",
"question": "what was the gdp of nominal gdp in u.s. dollars ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 285,
"text": "$136"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33905",
"question": "what percentage of the salary income growth in 2008 was income in 2008 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 525,
"text": "36.8%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine produces nearly all types of transportation vehicles and spacecraft. Antonov airplanes and KrAZ trucks are exported to many countries. The majority of Ukrainian exports are marketed to the European Union and CIS. Since independence, Ukraine has maintained its own space agency, the National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU). Ukraine became an active participant in scientific space exploration and remote sensing missions. Between 1991 and 2007, Ukraine has launched six self made satellites and 101 launch vehicles, and continues to design spacecraft.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33906",
"question": "who are the majority of ukrainian exports marketed to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 193,
"text": "the European Union and CIS"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33907",
"question": "what is the name of ukraine 's own space agency ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "National Space Agency of Ukraine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The country imports most energy supplies, especially oil and natural gas and to a large extent depends on Russia as its energy supplier. While 25% of the natural gas in Ukraine comes from internal sources, about 35% comes from Russia and the remaining 40% from Central Asia through transit routes that Russia controls. At the same time, 85% of the Russian gas is delivered to Western Europe through Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33908",
"question": "what types of gas do the country imports most energy supplies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "oil and natural gas"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33909",
"question": "what percentage of natural gas in ukraine are from internal sources ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "25%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33910",
"question": "what percentage of natural gas comes from russia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 212,
"text": "35%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33911",
"question": "what percentage of the natural gas in ukraine controls russia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 252,
"text": "40%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33912",
"question": "what percentage of the russian gas is delivered to western europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 337,
"text": "85%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Growing sectors of the Ukrainian economy include the information technology (IT) market, which topped all other Central and Eastern European countries in 2007, growing some 40\u00a0percent. In 2013, Ukraine ranked fourth in the world in number of certified IT professionals after the United States, India and Russia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33913",
"question": "in what year did the market of the ukrainian economy begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33914",
"question": "what percentage of the ukrainian economy is in 2007 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 173,
"text": "40\u00a0percent"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33915",
"question": "in what countries did ukraine receive fourth in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 275,
"text": "the United States, India and Russia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine's 2010 GDP, as calculated by the World Bank, was around $136\u00a0billion, 2011 GDP \u2013 around $163\u00a0billion, 2012 \u2013 $176.6\u00a0billion, 2013 \u2013 $177.4\u00a0billion. In 2014 and 2015, the Ukrainian currency was the world's worst performing currency, having dropped 80 percent of its value since April 2014 since the War in Donbass and the annexation of Crimea by Russia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33916",
"question": "how much was the gdp of ukraine in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "$136"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33917",
"question": "how much was the gdp of ukraine in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "$163"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33918",
"question": "what percentage of its value was dropped in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 255,
"text": "80 percent"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The World Bank classifies Ukraine as a middle-income state. Significant issues include underdeveloped infrastructure and transportation, corruption and bureaucracy. The public will to fight against corrupt officials and business elites culminated in a strong wave of public demonstrations against the Victor Yanukovych's regime in November 2013. However, according to the Corruption Perceptions Index, Ukraine is still the most corrupt country in Europe being ranked 142nd out of 175 countries on the world, in the latest CPI report from 2014. In 2007 the Ukrainian stock market recorded the second highest growth in the world of 130\u00a0percent. According to the CIA, in 2006 the market capitalization of the Ukrainian stock market was $111.8\u00a0billion.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33919",
"question": "what is the most corrupt country in europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 467,
"text": "142nd"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33920",
"question": "how many countries are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 480,
"text": "175"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33921",
"question": "what was the market capitalization of the ukrainian stock market in 2006 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 733,
"text": "$111.8"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has managed to achieve certain progress in reducing absolute poverty, ensuring access to primary and secondary education, improving maternal health and reducing child mortality.\nThe poverty rate according to the absolute criterion (share of the population whose daily consumption is below US$5.05 (PPP)) was reduced from 11.9 percent in 2000 to 2.3 percent in 2012, and the poverty rate according to the relative criterion (share of the population below the national poverty line) decreased at the same time from 71.2 percent to 24.0 percent.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33922",
"question": "what does ukraine do to ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "improving maternal health and reducing child mortality"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33923",
"question": "what is the poverty rate in 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 297,
"text": "US$5.05"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has a very large heavy-industry base and is one of the largest refiners of metallurgical products in Eastern Europe. However, the country is also well known for its production of high-technological goods and transport products, such as Antonov aircraft and various private and commercial vehicles. The country's largest and most competitive firms are components of the PFTS index, traded on the PFTS Ukraine Stock Exchange.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33924",
"question": "what is the country 's production of its production products ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "high-technological goods and transport products"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33925",
"question": "what are some of the types of transport products in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 244,
"text": "Antonov aircraft and various private and commercial vehicles"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33926",
"question": "what is the largest and most competitive firms in the ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 377,
"text": "PFTS index"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33927",
"question": "where is the largest competitive firms ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 403,
"text": "PFTS Ukraine Stock Exchange"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine is regarded as a developing economy with high potential for future success, though such a development is thought likely only with new all-encompassing economic and legal reforms. Although Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine remained relatively strong since recession of the early 1990s, the country has had trouble maintaining stable economic growth. Issues relating to current corporate governance in Ukraine were primarily linked to the large scale monopolisation of traditional heavy industries by wealthy individuals such as Rinat Akhmetov, the enduring failure to broaden the nation's economic base and a lack of effective legal protection for investors and their products. Despite all this, Ukraine's economy was still expected to grow by around 3.5% in 2010.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33928",
"question": "who was the enduring failure of the nation 's economic base ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 538,
"text": "Rinat Akhmetov"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33929",
"question": "what was ukraine 's economy expected to grow by in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 761,
"text": "3.5%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In total, Ukrainian paved roads stretch for . Major routes, marked with the letter 'M' for 'International' \"(Ukrainian: \u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439\"), extend nationwide and connect all major cities of Ukraine, and provide cross-border routes to the country's neighbours. There are only two true motorway standard highways in Ukraine; a stretch of motorway from Kharkiv to Dnipropetrovsk and a section of the M03 which extends from Kiev to Boryspil, where the city's international airport is located.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33930",
"question": "what is the name of the letter that extend nationwide and connect to ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "M' for 'International'"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33931",
"question": "what is another name for ` international ' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 120,
"text": "\u041c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33932",
"question": "where is the international airport located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 415,
"text": "Kiev to Boryspil"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Rail transport in Ukraine connects all major urban areas, port facilities and industrial centres with neighbouring countries. The heaviest concentration of railway track is the Donbas region of Ukraine. Although rail freight transport fell by 7.4% in 1995 in comparison with 1994, Ukraine is still one of the world's highest rail users. The total amount of railroad track in Ukraine extends for , of which is electrified. Currently the state has a monopoly on the provision of passenger rail transport, and all trains, other than those with cooperation of other foreign companies on international routes, are operated by its company 'Ukrzaliznytsia'.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33933",
"question": "what is the heaviest concentration of railway track ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "Donbas region of Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33934",
"question": "what percentage of rail freight transport fell in 1995 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "7.4%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33935",
"question": "in what year did ukraine receive rail freight transport ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 275,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33936",
"question": "what is the name of ukraine 's company ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 634,
"text": "Ukrzaliznytsia"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Transport by air is developing quickly, with a visa-free programme for EU nationals and citizens of a number of other Western nations, the nation's aviation sector is handling a significantly increased number of travellers. The Euro 2012 football tournament, held in Poland and Ukraine as joint hosts, prompted the government to invest heavily in transport infrastructure, and in particular airports. The Donetsk airport, completed for Euro 2012, was destroyed by the end of 2014 because of the ongoing war between the government and the separatist movement.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33937",
"question": "what is the nation 's aviation sector ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 167,
"text": "handling a significantly increased number of travellers"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33938",
"question": "what prompted the government to invest in poland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 224,
"text": "The Euro 2012 football tournament"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33939",
"question": "where was the football tournament held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 267,
"text": "Poland and Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33940",
"question": "when was the airport completed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 436,
"text": "Euro 2012"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33941",
"question": "when was the airport destroyed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 475,
"text": "2014"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Kiev Boryspil is the county's largest international airport; it has three main passenger terminals and is the base for both of Ukraine's national airlines. Other large airports in the country include those in Kharkiv, Lviv and Donetsk (now destroyed), whilst those in Dnipropetrovsk and Odessa have plans for terminal upgrades in the near future. Ukraine has a number of airlines, the largest of which is the nation's flag carrier, Ukraine International Airlines. Antonov Airlines, a subsidiary of the Antonov Aerospace Design Bureau is the only operator of the world's largest fixed wing aircraft, the An-225.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33942",
"question": "what is the largest international airport in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Kiev Boryspil"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33943",
"question": "where are the large airports in the country located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 209,
"text": "Kharkiv, Lviv and Donetsk"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33944",
"question": "where are plans for terminal upgrades ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 268,
"text": "Dnipropetrovsk and Odessa"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33945",
"question": "what is the name of ukraine 's largest airlines carrier ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 432,
"text": "Ukraine International Airlines"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33946",
"question": "who is the only operator of the world 's largest fixed wing aircraft ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 464,
"text": "Antonov Airlines"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33947",
"question": "what is the only operator of the world 's largest fixed wing ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 502,
"text": "Antonov Aerospace Design Bureau"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33948",
"question": "what is the name of the world 's largest fixed wing ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 603,
"text": "An-225"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "International maritime travel is mainly provided through the Port of Odessa, from where ferries sail regularly to Istanbul, Varna and Haifa. The largest ferry company presently operating these routes is Ukrferry.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33949",
"question": "where is international maritime travel provided ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 61,
"text": "Port of Odessa"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33950",
"question": "where do ferries sail from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "Istanbul, Varna and Haifa"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33951",
"question": "what is the largest ferry company presently ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 203,
"text": "Ukrferry"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2014, Ukraine was ranked number 19 on the Emerging Market Energy Security Growth Prosperity Index, published by the think tank Bisignis Institute, which ranks emerging market countries using government corruption, GDP growth and oil reserve information.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33952",
"question": "in what year was ukraine ranked number 19 on the market energy security growth prosperity ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33953",
"question": "what was ukraine 's number in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "19"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33954",
"question": "what was ukraine ranked number 19 on in 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 45,
"text": "Emerging Market Energy Security Growth Prosperity Index"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33955",
"question": "what was the name of the tank institute published by ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "Bisignis Institute"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33956",
"question": "what was the name of ukraine 's tank growth institute ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 217,
"text": "GDP growth and oil reserve information"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine produces and processes its own natural gas and petroleum. However, the majority of these commodities are imported. Eighty percent of Ukrainian natural gas supplies are imported, mainly from Russia.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33957",
"question": "what percentage of natural gas supplies are imported by russia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "Eighty percent"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Natural gas is heavily utilised not only in energy production but also by steel and chemical industries of the country, as well as by the district heating sector. In 2012, Shell started exploration drilling for shale gas in Ukraine\u2014a project aimed at the nation's total gas supply independence.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33958",
"question": "what industries is natural gas heavily not in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 74,
"text": "steel and chemical industries"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33959",
"question": "when did shell begin exploration drilling for shale ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 166,
"text": "2012"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has been a net energy exporting country, for example in 2011, 3.3% of electricity produced were exported, but also one of Europe's largest energy consumers. , 47.6% of total electricity generation was from nuclear power The largest nuclear power plant in Europe, the Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant, is located in Ukraine. Most of the nuclear fuel has been coming from Russia. In 2008 Westinghouse Electric Company won a five-year contract selling nuclear fuel to three Ukrainian reactors starting in 2011.\nFollowing Euromaidan then President Viktor Yanukovich introduced a ban on Rosatom nuclear fuel shipments to Europe via Ukraine, which was in effect from 28 January until 6 March 2014. After the Russian annexation of Crimea in April 2014, the National Nuclear Energy Generating Company of Ukraine Energoatom and Westinghouse extended the contract for fuel deliveries through 2020.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33960",
"question": "what percentage of electricity were exported by ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "3.3%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33961",
"question": "what percentage of electricity generation was from nuclear power in europe ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 167,
"text": "47.6%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33962",
"question": "what is located in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 275,
"text": "Zaporizhia Nuclear Power Plant"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Coal and gas-fired thermal power stations and hydroelectricity are the second and third largest kinds of power generation in the country.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33963",
"question": "what are the second largest kinds of power in the country ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Coal and gas-fired thermal power stations and hydroelectricity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33964",
"question": "what is hydroelectricity and thermal power ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "the second and third largest"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The share of renewables within the total energy mix is still very small, but is growing fast. Total installed capacity of renewable energy installations more than doubled in 2011 and stands at 397\u00a0MW. In 2011 several large solar power stations were opened in Ukraine, among them Europe's largest solar park in Perovo, (Crimea). Ukrainian State Agency for Energy Efficiency and Conservation forecasts that combined installed capacity of wind and solar power plants in Ukraine could increase by another 600\u00a0MW in 2012. According to Macquarie Research, by 2016 Ukraine will construct and commission new solar power stations with a total capacity of 1.8 GW, almost equivalent to the capacity of two nuclear reactors.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33965",
"question": "what is the total installed capacity of renewable energy installations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 193,
"text": "397\u00a0MW"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33966",
"question": "what is the total capacity of new solar power stations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 646,
"text": "1.8 GW"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Economic Bank for Reconstruction and Development estimates that Ukraine has great renewable energy potential: the technical potential for wind energy is estimated at 40 TWh/year, small hydropower stations at 8.3 TWh/year, biomass at 120 TWh/year, and solar energy at 50 TWh/year. In 2011, Ukraine's Energy Ministry predicted that the installed capacity of generation from alternative and renewable energy sources would increase to 9% (about 6 GW) of the total electricity production in the country.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33967",
"question": "what is the technical potential for wind energy potential for wind energy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 170,
"text": "40 TWh/year"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33968",
"question": "what is the economic bank of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 237,
"text": "120 TWh/year"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33969",
"question": "what is the solar energy for solar energy ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "50 TWh/year"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has a large and steadily growing Internet sector, mostly uninfluenced by the financial crisis of 2007\u201308. As of June, 2014, there were 18.2 million desktop Internet users, which is 56% of the adult population. The core of the audience is the 25 to 34-year-old age bracket, representing 29% of the population. Ukraine ranks 8th among the world's top ten countries with the fastest Internet access speed.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33970",
"question": "when did the financial crisis occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 105,
"text": "2007\u201308"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33971",
"question": "how many desktop internet users were there in june 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "18.2 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33972",
"question": "what percentage of the adult population is 18.2 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 189,
"text": "56%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33973",
"question": "what is the core of the audience ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 250,
"text": "25 to 34-year-old age bracket"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33974",
"question": "what percentage of the population is the core of the audience ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 294,
"text": "29%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine occupies 8th place in Europe by the number of tourists visiting, according to the World Tourism Organisation rankings, because of its numerous tourist attractions: mountain ranges suitable for skiing, hiking and fishing: the Black Sea coastline as a popular summer destination; nature reserves of different ecosystems; churches, castle ruins and other architectural and park landmarks; various outdoor activity points. Kiev, Lviv, Odessa and Kamyanets-Podilskyi are Ukraine's principal tourist centres each offering many historical landmarks as well as formidable hospitality infrastructure. Tourism used to be the mainstay of Crimea's economy but there has been a major fall in visitor numbers following the Russian annexation in 2014.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33975",
"question": "what is the name of the rankings that ukraine occupies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "World Tourism Organisation rankings"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33976",
"question": "what are the mountain ranges suitable for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "skiing, hiking and fishing"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33977",
"question": "what are ukraine 's principal tourist centres ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 427,
"text": "Kiev, Lviv, Odessa and Kamyanets-Podilskyi"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Seven Wonders of Ukraine and Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine are the selection of the most important landmarks of Ukraine, chosen by the general public through an Internet-based vote.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33978",
"question": "what is the selection of the most important landmarks of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33979",
"question": "what chosen the seven wonders of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "the general public through an Internet-based vote"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the Ukrainian Census of 2001, Ukrainians make up 77.8% of the population. Other significant groups have identified themselves as belonging to the nationality of Russians (17.3%), Belarusians (0.6%), Moldovans (0.5%), Crimean Tatars (0.5%), Bulgarians (0.4%), Hungarians (0.3%), Romanians (0.3%), Poles (0.3%), Jews (0.2%), Armenians (0.2%), Greeks (0.2%) and Tatars (0.2%). The industrial regions in the east and southeast are the most heavily populated, and about 67.2% of the population lives in urban areas.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33980",
"question": "what percentage of the population of 2001 is ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "77.8%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33981",
"question": "what percentage of russians have identified themselves as belonging to the nationality of russians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "17.3%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33982",
"question": "what percentage of the population lives in urban areas ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 478,
"text": "67.2%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine's population has been declining since the 1990s because of its high death rate and a low birth rate. The population is shrinking by over 150,000 annually since 1993. The birth rate has recovered in recent years from a low level around 2000, and is now comparable to the European average. It would need to increase by another 50% or so to stabilize the population and offset the high mortality rate.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33983",
"question": "why is ukraine declining ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "high death rate and a low birth rate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33984",
"question": "how long is the population shrinking ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 140,
"text": "over 150,000 annually since 1993"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33985",
"question": "in what year was the birth rate recovered in recent years ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33986",
"question": "what percentage of the birth rate would the birth rate need to increase ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 333,
"text": "50%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2007, the country's rate of population decline was the fourth highest in the world.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33987",
"question": "in what year was the fourth highest highest in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33988",
"question": "what was the rate of population decline in 2007 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "fourth highest in the world"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Life expectancy is falling, and Ukraine suffers a high mortality rate from environmental pollution, poor diets, widespread smoking, extensive alcoholism and deteriorating medical care.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33989",
"question": "what are the high mortality rate of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 75,
"text": "environmental pollution, poor diets, widespread smoking, extensive alcoholism and deteriorating medical care"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the years 2008 to 2010, more than 1.5 million children were born in Ukraine, compared to fewer than 1.2 million during 1999\u20132001 during the worst of the demographic crisis. In 2008 Ukraine posted record-breaking birth rates since its 1991 independence. Infant mortality rates have also dropped from 10.4 deaths to 8.3 per 1,000 children under one year of age. This is lower than in 153 countries of the world.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33990",
"question": "how many children were born in ukraine in 2008 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "1.5 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33991",
"question": "how many children were born in ukraine in 1999 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "1.2 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33992",
"question": "how much children did infant mortality rates have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 317,
"text": "8.3 per 1,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33993",
"question": "how many countries are in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 385,
"text": "153"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The current birth rate in Ukraine, , is 10.8 births/1,000 population, and the death rate is 15.2 deaths/1,000 population (see Ukraine demographic tables).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33994",
"question": "what is the current birth rate in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "10.8 births/1,000 population"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33995",
"question": "what is the death rate of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "15.2 deaths/1,000 population"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The phenomenon of lowest-low fertility, defined as total fertility below 1.3, is emerging throughout Europe and is attributed by many to postponement of the initiation of childbearing. Ukraine, where total fertility (a very low 1.1 in 2001), was one of the world's lowest, shows that there is more than one pathway to lowest-low fertility. Although Ukraine has undergone immense political and economic transformations during 1991\u20132004, it has maintained a young age at first birth and nearly universal childbearing. Analysis of official national statistics and the Ukrainian Reproductive Health Survey show that fertility declined to very low levels without a transition to a later pattern of childbearing. Findings from focus group interviews suggest explanations of the early fertility pattern. These findings include the persistence of traditional norms for childbearing and the roles of men and women, concerns about medical complications and infertility at a later age, and the link between early fertility and early marriage.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33996",
"question": "what is fertility defined as ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "total fertility below 1.3"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33997",
"question": "when did ukraine have undergone immense political and economic transformations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 425,
"text": "1991\u20132004"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "To help mitigate the declining population, the government continues to increase child support payments. Thus it provides one-time payments of 12,250 hryvnias for the first child, 25,000 Hryvnias for the second and 50,000 Hryvnias for the third and fourth, along with monthly payments of 154 hryvnias per child. The demographic trend is showing signs of improvement, as the birth rate has been steadily growing since 2001. Net population growth over the first nine months of 2007 was registered in five provinces of the country (out of 24), and population shrinkage was showing signs of stabilising nationwide. In 2007 the highest birth rates were in the western oblasts. In 2008, Ukraine emerged from lowest-low fertility, and the upward trend has continued since, except for a slight dip in 2010 because of the economic crisis of 2009 (see demographic tables).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "33998",
"question": "what does the government do to mitigate the declining population ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 71,
"text": "increase child support payments"
}
]
},
{
"id": "33999",
"question": "what is the one-time payments of the government ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "12,250"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34000",
"question": "how many hryvnias does the government have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 179,
"text": "25,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34001",
"question": "what is the payments of the government ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 287,
"text": "154 hryvnias per child"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In total, Ukraine has 457 cities, 176 of them are labelled oblast-class, 279 smaller -class cities, and two special legal status cities. These are followed by 886 urban-type settlements and 28,552 villages.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34002",
"question": "how many cities does ukraine have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 22,
"text": "457"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34003",
"question": "what part of ukraine is labelled ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 34,
"text": "176"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34004",
"question": "how many cities are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 73,
"text": "279"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34005",
"question": "what is the nationality of the settlements ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 159,
"text": "886"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34006",
"question": "along with settlements , what villages are in the 886 villages ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 190,
"text": "28,552"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the constitution, the state language of Ukraine is Ukrainian. Russian is widely spoken, especially in eastern and southern Ukraine. According to the 2001 census, 67.5\u00a0percent of the population declared Ukrainian as their native language and 29.6\u00a0percent declared Russian. Most native Ukrainian speakers know Russian as a second language. Russian was the \"de facto\" official language of the Soviet Union but both Russian and Ukrainian were official languages in the Soviet Union and in the schools of the Ukrainian SSR learning Ukrainian was mandatory. Effective in August 2012, a new law on regional languages entitles any local language spoken by at least a 10\u00a0percent minority be declared official within that area. Russian was within weeks declared as a regional language in several southern and eastern oblasts (provinces) and cities. Russian can now be used in these cities'/oblasts' administrative office work and documents. On 23 February 2014, following the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, the Ukrainian Parliament voted to repeal the law on regional languages, making Ukrainian the sole state language at all levels; however, the repeal was not signed by acting President Turchynov and current President Poroshenko.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34007",
"question": "what is the state language of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "Ukrainian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34008",
"question": "where is russian widely spoken ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "eastern and southern Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34009",
"question": "what percentage of the population declared ukrainian as their native language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 175,
"text": "67.5"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian is mainly spoken in western and central Ukraine. In western Ukraine, Ukrainian is also the dominant language in cities (such as Lviv). In central Ukraine, Ukrainian and Russian are both equally used in cities, with Russian being more common in Kiev, while Ukrainian is the dominant language in rural communities. In eastern and southern Ukraine, Russian is primarily used in cities, and Ukrainian is used in rural areas. These details result in a significant difference across different survey results, as even a small restating of a question switches responses of a significant group of people.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34010",
"question": "where is ukrainian mainly spoken ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "western and central Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34011",
"question": "what is the dominant language in western ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "Ukrainian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34012",
"question": "which two cities are equally used in cities in central ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "Ukrainian and Russian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34013",
"question": "what is the dominant language in rural communities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 266,
"text": "Ukrainian"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "For a large part of the Soviet era, the number of Ukrainian speakers declined from generation to generation, and by the mid-1980s, the usage of the Ukrainian language in public life had decreased significantly. Following independence, the government of Ukraine began restoring the image and usage of Ukrainian language through a policy of Ukrainisation. Today, most foreign films and TV programs, including Russian ones, are subtitled or dubbed in Ukrainian.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34014",
"question": "what was the policy of the government of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 339,
"text": "Ukrainisation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukrainian is the only state language of the republic. However, the republic's constitution specifically recognises Russian as the language of the majority of its population and guarantees its usage 'in all spheres of public life'. Similarly, the Crimean Tatar language (the language of 12\u00a0percent of population of Crimea) is guaranteed a special state protection as well as the 'languages of other ethnicities'. Russian speakers constitute an overwhelming majority of the Crimean population (77\u00a0percent), with Crimean Tatar speakers 11.4\u00a0percent and Ukrainian speakers comprising just 10.1\u00a0percent. But in everyday life the majority of Crimean Tatars and Ukrainians in Crimea use Russian.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34015",
"question": "what is the only state language of the republic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 68,
"text": "Ukrainian"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Estimates compiled by the independent Razumkov Centre in a nationwide survey in 2006 found that 75.2 percent of the respondents believe in God and 22 percent said they did not believe in God. 37.4 percent said that they attended church on regular basis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34016",
"question": "what percentage of the respondents believe in god did not believe in god ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "75.2 percent"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34017",
"question": "what percent of people said they attended church on regular basis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 192,
"text": "37.4 percent"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Among Ukrainians who are affiliated with an organised religion, the most common religion in Ukraine is Eastern Orthodoxy, currently split between three Church bodies: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church \u2013 Kiev Patriarchate, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church autonomous church body under the Patriarch of Moscow, and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34018",
"question": "what is the most common religion in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "Eastern Orthodoxy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34019",
"question": "what is the most common religion in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "three Church bodies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34020",
"question": "what is the name of the ukrainian orthodox church body ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 171,
"text": "Ukrainian Orthodox Church \u2013 Kiev Patriarchate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34021",
"question": "who is the ukrainian orthodox church autonomous church under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 277,
"text": "the Patriarch of Moscow"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34022",
"question": "who is the most common religion in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 306,
"text": "the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A distant second by the number of the followers is the Eastern Rite Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which practices a similar liturgical and spiritual tradition as Eastern Orthodoxy, but is in communion with the Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church and recognises the primacy of the Pope as head of the Church.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34023",
"question": "what is the name of the number of the followers of the pope ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 55,
"text": "Eastern Rite Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34024",
"question": "what does the eastern rite ukrainian catholic church have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "Eastern Orthodoxy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34025",
"question": "what does the eastern rite ukrainian greek catholic church represent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "Holy See of the Roman Catholic Church"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Additionally, there are 863 Latin Rite Catholic communities, and 474 clergy members serving some one million Latin Rite Catholics in Ukraine. The group forms some 2.19\u00a0percent of the population and consists mainly of ethnic Poles and Hungarians, who live predominantly in the western regions of the country. Protestants in Ukraine form around 2.19\u00a0percent of the population. Smaller groups are also present.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34026",
"question": "how many latin rite catholic communities are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 24,
"text": "863"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34027",
"question": "how many clergy members are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "474"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34028",
"question": "how many latin rite catholics are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 97,
"text": "one million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34029",
"question": "what percentage of the population is the group of the population ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 163,
"text": "2.19"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34030",
"question": "what percentage of the population is in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 343,
"text": "2.19"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There are an estimated 500,000 Muslims in Ukraine and about 300,000 of them are Crimean Tatars. There are 487 registered Muslim communities, 368 of them on Crimea. In addition, some 50,000 Muslims live in Kiev; mostly foreign-born.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34031",
"question": "how many muslims are in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 23,
"text": "500,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34032",
"question": "how many muslims are in crimean tatars ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "300,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34033",
"question": "what are the estimated 500,000 muslims in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Crimean Tatars"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34034",
"question": "how many muslim communities are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 106,
"text": "487"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34035",
"question": "how many muslim communities are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "368"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34036",
"question": "how many muslims live in kiev ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 182,
"text": "50,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Jewish population is a tiny fraction of what it was before World War II. In Tsarist times, Ukraine had been part of the Pale of Settlement, to which Jews were largely restricted in the Russian Empire. The largest Jewish communities in 1926 were in Odessa, 154,000 or 36.5% of the total population; and Kiev, 140,500 or 27.3%. Orthodox Judaism has the strongest presence in Ukraine. Smaller Reform and Conservative (\"Masorti\") Jewish communities exist as well.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34037",
"question": "the jewish population is a tiny fraction of what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 63,
"text": "World War II"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34038",
"question": "where were jews largely restricted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 189,
"text": "Russian Empire"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34039",
"question": "in what year was the largest jewish communities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 239,
"text": "1926"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34040",
"question": "what percentage of the total population were in odessa communities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "36.5%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "One 2006 survey put the number of non-religious in Ukraine at approximately 11.1% of the population.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34041",
"question": "what percentage of the population put the number of non-religious non-religious in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 76,
"text": "11.1%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The famines of the 1930s, followed by the devastation of World War II, comprised a demographic disaster. Life expectancy at birth fell to a level as low as ten years for females and seven for males in 1933 and plateaued around 25 for females and 15 for males in the period 1941\u201344. According to \"The Oxford companion to World War II\", \"Over 7 million inhabitants of Ukraine, more than one-sixth of the pre-war population, were killed during the Second World War.\"",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34042",
"question": "what war followed the 1930s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "World War II"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34043",
"question": "in what year did life expectancy at birth and seven for males ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "1933"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34044",
"question": "how many inhabitants were in the oxford companion to world war ii ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 336,
"text": "Over 7 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Significant migration took place in the first years of Ukrainian independence. More than one\u00a0million people moved into Ukraine in 1991\u201392, mostly from the other former Soviet republics. In total, between 1991 and 2004, 2.2\u00a0million immigrated to Ukraine (among them, 2\u00a0million came from the other former Soviet Union states), and 2.5\u00a0million emigrated from Ukraine (among them, 1.9\u00a0million moved to other former Soviet Union republics). Currently, immigrants constitute an estimated 14.7% of the total population, or 6.9\u00a0million people; this is the fourth largest figure in the world. In 2006, there were an estimated 1.2 million Canadians of Ukrainian ancestry, giving Canada the world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia. There are also large Ukrainian immigrant communities in the United States, Australia, Brazil and Argentina.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34045",
"question": "when did more million people moved into ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "1991\u201392"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34046",
"question": "what percentage of the population is immigrants ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 482,
"text": "14.7%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34047",
"question": "how many canadians were there in 2006 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 617,
"text": "1.2 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Ukrainian Red Cross Society was established in April 1918 in Kiev as an independent humanitarian society of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Its immediate tasks were to help refugees and prisoners of war, care for handicapped people and orphaned children, fight famine and epidemics, support and organize sick quarters, hospitals and public canteens. At present, society involves more than 6.3 million supporters and activists. Its Visiting Nurses Service has 3,200 qualified nurses. The organization takes part in more than 40 humanitarian programmes all over Ukraine, which are mostly funded by public donation and corporate partnerships. By its own estimates, the Society annually provides services to more than 105,000 lonely, elderly people, about 23,000 people disabled during the Second World War and handicapped workers, more than 25,000 war veterans, and more than 8,000 adults handicapped since childhood. Assistance for orphaned and disabled children is also rendered.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34048",
"question": "when was the ukrainian red cross society established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "April 1918"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34049",
"question": "who was the ukrainian red cross society ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Ukrainian People's Republic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34050",
"question": "how many supporters does society have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 394,
"text": "6.3 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34051",
"question": "how many qualified nurses are there ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 464,
"text": "3,200"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34052",
"question": "how many humanitarian programmes does the organization have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 529,
"text": "40"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34053",
"question": "how many lonely lonely provides the society annually ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 719,
"text": "105,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34054",
"question": "how many people are in the second world war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 757,
"text": "23,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine's healthcare system is state subsidised and freely available to all Ukrainian citizens and registered residents. However, it is not compulsory to be treated in a state-run hospital as a number of private medical complexes do exist nationwide. The public sector employs most healthcare professionals, with those working for private medical centres typically also retaining their state employment as they are mandated to provide care at public health facilities on a regular basis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34055",
"question": "who is ukraine 's healthcare system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "state subsidised and freely available to all Ukrainian citizens and registered residents"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "All of the country's medical service providers and hospitals are subordinate to the Ministry of Health, which provides oversight and scrutiny of general medical practice as well as being responsible for the day-to-day administration of the healthcare system. Despite this, standards of hygiene and patient-care have fallen.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34056",
"question": "where are all of the country 's medical service providers located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "the Ministry of Health"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34057",
"question": "what is the ministry of health medical practice for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 203,
"text": "the day-to-day administration of the healthcare system"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34058",
"question": "what are the standards of the standards ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 286,
"text": "hygiene and patient-care have fallen"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Hospitals in Ukraine are organised along the same lines as most European nations, according to the regional administrative structure; as a result most towns have their own hospital \"(\u041c\u0456\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044f)\" and many also have district hospitals \"(\u0420\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044f)\". Larger and more specialised medical complexes tend only to be found in major cities, with some even more specialised units located only in the capital, Kiev. However, all oblasts have their own network of general hospitals which are able to deal with almost all medical problems and are typically equipped with major trauma centres; such hospitals are called 'regional hospitals' \"(\u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044f)\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34059",
"question": "what is the name of the capital of the capital ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 411,
"text": "Kiev"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34060",
"question": "what are hospitals ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 619,
"text": "regional hospitals"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine currently faces a number of major public health issues and is considered to be in a demographic crisis because of its high death rate and low birth rate (the current Ukrainian birth rate is 11 births/1,000 population, and the death rate is 16.3 deaths/1,000 population). A factor contributing to the high death rate is a high mortality rate among working-age males from preventable causes such as alcohol poisoning and smoking. In 2008, the country's population was one of the fastest declining in the world at \u22125% growth. The UN warned that Ukraine's population could fall by as much as 10 million by 2050 if trends did not improve. In addition, obesity, systemic high blood pressure and the HIV endemic are all major challenges facing the Ukrainian healthcare system.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34061",
"question": "why is the current ukrainian birth rate in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "high death rate and low birth rate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34062",
"question": "what is the current ukrainian birth rate in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "11 births/1,000 population"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34063",
"question": "what is the death rate of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 248,
"text": "16.3 deaths/1,000 population"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34064",
"question": "how many trends did the un un population fall by 2050 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 596,
"text": "10 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As of March 2009 the Ukrainian government is reforming the health care system, by the creation of a national network of family doctors and improvements in the medical emergency services. former Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko put forward (in November 2009) an idea to start introducing a public healthcare system based on health insurance in the spring of 2010.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34065",
"question": "when was the ukrainian government reforming ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 6,
"text": "March 2009"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34066",
"question": "who put introducing a public healthcare system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 194,
"text": "Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the Ukrainian constitution, access to free education is granted to all citizens. Complete general secondary education is compulsory in the state schools which constitute the overwhelming majority. Free higher education in state and communal educational establishments is provided on a competitive basis. There is also a small number of accredited private secondary and higher education institutions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34067",
"question": "what is the purpose of the ukrainian constitution ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "access to free education is granted to all citizens"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34068",
"question": "what is complete general secondary education ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 134,
"text": "compulsory in the state schools which constitute the overwhelming majority"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34069",
"question": "what is the free higher education in state and communal educational establishments ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 296,
"text": "a competitive basis"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Because of the Soviet Union's emphasis on total access of education for all citizens, which continues today, the literacy rate is an estimated 99.4%. Since 2005, an eleven-year school programme has been replaced with a twelve-year one: primary education takes four years to complete (starting at age six), middle education (secondary) takes five years to complete; upper secondary then takes three years. In the 12th grade, students take Government tests, which are also referred to as school-leaving exams. These tests are later used for university admissions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34070",
"question": "what is the literacy rate in the soviet union ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "99.4%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34071",
"question": "what are government tests called in the 12th grade ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 486,
"text": "school-leaving exams"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first higher education institutions (HEIs) emerged in Ukraine during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The first Ukrainian higher education institution was the Ostrozka School, or Ostrozkiy Greek-Slavic-Latin Collegium, similar to Western European higher education institutions of the time. Established in 1576 in the town of Ostrog, the Collegium was the first higher education institution in the Eastern Slavic territories. The oldest university was the Kyiv Mohyla Academy, first established in 1632 and in 1694 officially recognised by the government of Imperial Russia as a higher education institution. Among the oldest is also the Lviv University, founded in 1661. More higher education institutions were set up in the 19th century, beginning with universities in Kharkiv (1805), Kiev (1834), Odessa (1865) and Chernivtsi (1875) and a number of professional higher education institutions, e.g.: Nizhyn Historical and Philological Institute (originally established as the Gymnasium of Higher Sciences in 1805), a Veterinary Institute (1873) and a Technological Institute (1885) in Kharkiv, a Polytechnic Institute in Kiev (1898) and a Higher Mining School (1899) in Katerynoslav. Rapid growth followed in the Soviet period. By 1988 a number of higher education institutions increased to 146 with over 850,000 students. Most HEIs established after 1990 are those owned by private organisations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34072",
"question": "where was the first higher education in the eastern slavic territories ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 316,
"text": "1576"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34073",
"question": "what was the oldest university in 1632 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 466,
"text": "Kyiv Mohyla Academy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34074",
"question": "when was the kyiv mohyla academy first established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 508,
"text": "1632"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34075",
"question": "when was the lviv university founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 676,
"text": "1661"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Ukrainian higher education system comprises higher educational establishments, scientific and methodological facilities under national, municipal and self-governing bodies in charge of education. The organisation of higher education in Ukraine is built up in accordance with the structure of education of the world's higher developed countries, as is defined by UNESCO and the UN.\nUkraine has more than 800 higher education institutions and in 2010 the number of graduates reached 654,700 people.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34076",
"question": "what are the bodies of the ukrainian higher education system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 140,
"text": "municipal and self-governing bodies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34077",
"question": "who defined the structure of higher education in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 366,
"text": "UNESCO and the UN"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34078",
"question": "how many higher education institutions does ukraine have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 407,
"text": "800"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34079",
"question": "how many people attend ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 485,
"text": "654,700"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine produces the fourth largest number of post-secondary graduates in Europe, while being ranked seventh in population. Higher education is either state funded or private. Students that study at state expense receive a standard scholarship if their average marks at the end-of-term exams and differentiated test suffice; this rule may be different in some universities. For highest grades, the scholarship is increased by 25%. For most students the government subsidy is not sufficient to cover their basic living expenses. Most universities provide subsidised housing for out-of-city students. Also, it is common for libraries to supply required books for all registered students. Ukrainian universities confer two degrees: the bachelor's degree (4\u00a0years) and the master's degree (5\u20136th\u00a0year), in accordance with the Bologna process. Historically, Specialist degree (usually 5 years) is still also granted; it was the only degree awarded by universities in the Soviet times.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34080",
"question": "what is higher education ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "state funded or private"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34081",
"question": "how much of the scholarship is the scholarship ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 426,
"text": "25%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Law of Ukraine \"On Higher Education\" came into force on 6 September 2014. It was approved in Ukrainian Parliament on 1 July 2014. The main changes in the system of higher education: a separate collegiate body to monitor the quality of education was established (Ukrainian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0456\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438); each higher education institution has the right to implement its own educational and research programs; role of the student government was increased; higher education institution has the right freely administer own revenues; 5 following types of higher education qualifications were established: Junior Bachelor, Bachelor, Master, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) and Doctor of Science; load on lecturers and students was reduced; academic mobility for faculty and students etc.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34082",
"question": "when did the law of ukraine begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "6 September 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34083",
"question": "when was the law of ukraine approved ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 121,
"text": "1 July 2014"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian is the dominant language in Western Ukraine and in Central Ukraine, while Russian is the dominant language in the cities of Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine. In the Ukrainian SSR schools, learning Russian was mandatory; currently in modern Ukraine, schools with Ukrainian as the language of instruction offer classes in Russian and in the other minority languages.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34084",
"question": "what is the dominant language in western ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Ukrainian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34085",
"question": "what is the dominant language in eastern ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "Russian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34086",
"question": "where is russian the dominant language ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 134,
"text": "Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34087",
"question": "what is the russian ssr in the ukrainian ssr ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "mandatory"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On the Russian language, on Soviet Union and Ukrainian nationalism, opinion in Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine tends to be the exact opposite of those in Western Ukraine; while opinions in Central Ukraine on these topics tend be less extreme.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34088",
"question": "what two nationalism are in eastern ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 28,
"text": "Soviet Union and Ukrainian nationalism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34089",
"question": "where is the exact opposite of those in western ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "Eastern Ukraine and Southern Ukraine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34090",
"question": "where is opinion in eastern ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 159,
"text": "Western Ukraine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Similar historical cleavages also remain evident at the level of individual social identification. Attitudes toward the most important political issue, relations with Russia, differed strongly between Lviv, identifying more with Ukrainian nationalism and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, and Donetsk, predominantly Russian orientated and favourable to the Soviet era, while in central and southern Ukraine, as well as Kiev, such divisions were less important and there was less antipathy toward people from other regions (a poll by the Research & Branding Group held March 2010 showed that the attitude of the citizens of Donetsk to the citizens of Lviv was 79% positive and that the attitude of the citizens of Lviv to the citizens of Donetsk was 88% positive). However, all were united by an overarching Ukrainian identity based on shared economic difficulties, showing that other attitudes are determined more by culture and politics than by demographic differences. Surveys of regional identities in Ukraine have shown that the feeling of belonging to a \"Soviet identity\" is strongest in the Donbas (about 40%) and the Crimea (about 30%).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34091",
"question": "what percentage of the citizens of lviv was positive ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 662,
"text": "79%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34092",
"question": "what percentage of the citizens of lviv was positive ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 752,
"text": "88%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "During elections voters of Western and Central Ukrainian oblasts (provinces) vote mostly for parties (Our Ukraine, Batkivshchyna) and presidential candidates (Viktor Yuschenko, Yulia Tymoshenko) with a pro-Western and state reform platform, while voters in Southern and Eastern oblasts vote for parties (CPU, Party of Regions) and presidential candidates (Viktor Yanukovych) with a pro-Russian and status quo platform. However, this geographical division is decreasing.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34093",
"question": "what two oblasts are voters mostly used for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 27,
"text": "Western and Central Ukrainian oblasts"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34094",
"question": "what are the names of the parties that vote mostly for parties ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "Our Ukraine, Batkivshchyna) and presidential candidates"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34095",
"question": "what are the names of the voters that are in southern and eastern oblasts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 304,
"text": "CPU, Party of Regions) and presidential candidates"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian customs are heavily influenced by Christianity, the dominant religion in the country. Gender roles also tend to be more traditional, and grandparents play a greater role in bringing up children, than in the West. The culture of Ukraine has also been influenced by its eastern and western neighbours, reflected in its architecture, music and art.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34096",
"question": "who influenced ukrainian customs ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "Christianity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34097",
"question": "what has influenced the culture of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 278,
"text": "eastern and western neighbours"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34098",
"question": "what has the culture of ukraine been influenced by ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 341,
"text": "music and art"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Communist era had quite a strong effect on the art and writing of Ukraine. In 1932, Stalin made socialist realism state policy in the Soviet Union when he promulgated the decree \"On the Reconstruction of Literary and Art Organisations\". This greatly stifled creativity. During the 1980s glasnost (openness) was introduced and Soviet artists and writers again became free to express themselves as they wanted.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34099",
"question": "in what year did stalin give the decree `` on the reconstruction of literary and art organisations ? ''",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "1932"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The tradition of the Easter egg, known as pysanky, has long roots in Ukraine. These eggs were drawn on with wax to create a pattern; then, the dye was applied to give the eggs their pleasant colours, the dye did not affect the previously wax-coated parts of the egg. After the entire egg was dyed, the wax was removed leaving only the colourful pattern. This tradition is thousands of years old, and precedes the arrival of Christianity to Ukraine. In the city of Kolomyia near the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains in 2000 was built the museum of Pysanka which won a nomination as the monument of modern Ukraine in 2007, part of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine action.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34100",
"question": "what is the name of the easter egg ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "pysanky"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34101",
"question": "what museum was built in the city of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 552,
"text": "Pysanka"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34102",
"question": "when was the monument of modern ukraine built ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 620,
"text": "2007"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Artisan textile arts play an important role in Ukrainian culture, especially in Ukrainian wedding traditions. Ukrainian embroidery, weaving and lace-making are used in traditional folk dress and in traditional celebrations. Ukrainian embroidery varies depending on the region of origin and the designs have a long history of motifs, compositions, choice of colours and types of stitches. Use of colour is very important and has roots in Ukrainian folklore. Embroidery motifs found in different parts of Ukraine are preserved in the Rushnyk Museum in Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34103",
"question": "where do artisan textile arts play ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Ukrainian wedding traditions"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34104",
"question": "what are ukrainian embroidery , weaving and weaving used in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 168,
"text": "traditional folk dress"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34105",
"question": "where is the museum of ukraine located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 550,
"text": "Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "National dress is woven and highly decorated. Weaving with handmade looms is still practised in the village of Krupove, situated in Rivne Oblast. The village is the birthplace of two famous personalities in the scene of national crafts fabrication. Nina Myhailivna and Uliana Petrivna with international recognition. To preserve this traditional knowledge the village is planning to open a local weaving centre, a museum and weaving school.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34106",
"question": "where is weaving located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 111,
"text": "Krupove"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34107",
"question": "where is weaving located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 132,
"text": "Rivne Oblast"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34108",
"question": "what international recognition with international recognition are with international recognition ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 249,
"text": "Nina Myhailivna and Uliana Petrivna"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The history of Ukrainian literature dates back to the 11th\u00a0century, following the Christianisation of the Kievan Rus'. The writings of the time were mainly liturgical and were written in Old Church Slavonic. Historical accounts of the time were referred to as \"chronicles\", the most significant of which was the Primary Chronicle. Literary activity faced a sudden decline during the Mongol invasion of Rus'.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34109",
"question": "when did the history of ukrainian literature begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "11th\u00a0century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34110",
"question": "what was the name of the history of ukrainian literature ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "Christianisation of the Kievan Rus"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34111",
"question": "what were the writings of the time written in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "Old Church Slavonic"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34112",
"question": "what was the most significant chronicle of the time ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 261,
"text": "chronicles"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34113",
"question": "what was chronicles 's most significant of the time ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 312,
"text": "Primary Chronicle"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian literature again began to develop in the 14th\u00a0century, and was advanced significantly in the 16th\u00a0century with the introduction of print and with the beginning of the Cossack era, under both Russian and Polish dominance. The Cossacks established an independent society and popularized a new kind of epic poems, which marked a high point of Ukrainian oral literature. These advances were then set back in the 17th and early 18th\u00a0centuries, when publishing in the Ukrainian language was outlawed and prohibited. Nonetheless, by the late 18th\u00a0century modern literary Ukrainian finally emerged.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34114",
"question": "when did ukrainian literature begin to develop ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "14th\u00a0century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34115",
"question": "in what century did ukrainian literature become advanced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "16th\u00a0century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34116",
"question": "what were the two dominance of the cossack era ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "Russian and Polish dominance"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The 19th\u00a0century initiated a vernacular period in Ukraine, led by Ivan Kotliarevsky's work , the first publication written in modern Ukrainian. By the 1830s, Ukrainian romanticism began to develop, and the nation's most renowned cultural figure, romanticist poet-painter Taras Shevchenko emerged. Where Ivan Kotliarevsky is considered to be the father of literature in the Ukrainian vernacular; Shevchenko is the father of a national revival.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34117",
"question": "who led the first publication of the 19th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "Ivan Kotliarevsky"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34118",
"question": "who was the most renowned cultural figure ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "Taras Shevchenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34119",
"question": "who is the father of a national revival ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 395,
"text": "Shevchenko"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Then, in 1863, use of the Ukrainian language in print was effectively prohibited by the Russian Empire. This severely curtailed literary activity in the area, and Ukrainian writers were forced to either publish their works in Russian or release them in Austrian controlled Galicia. The ban was never officially lifted, but it became obsolete after the revolution and the Bolsheviks' coming to power.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34120",
"question": "when was the ukrainian language in print prohibited ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 9,
"text": "1863"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34121",
"question": "who prohibited the ukrainian language in 1863 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "the Russian Empire"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian literature continued to flourish in the early Soviet years, when nearly all literary trends were approved (the most important literary figures of that time were Mykola Khvylovy, Valerian Pidmohylny, Mykola Kulish, Mykhayl Semenko and some others). These policies faced a steep decline in the 1930s, when prominent representatives as well as many others were killed by NKVD as part of the Great Purge. In general around 223 writers were repressed by what was known as the Executed Renaissance. These repressions were part of Stalin's implemented policy of socialist realism. The doctrine did not necessarily repress the use of the Ukrainian language, but it required that writers follow a certain style in their works.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34122",
"question": "how many writers were known as the executed renaissance ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "223"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34123",
"question": "what was the name of the general writers that were repressed in general around 223 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 481,
"text": "Executed Renaissance"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In post-Stalinist times literary activities continued to be somewhat limited under the Communist Party. The most famous figures of Ukrainian post-war Soviet literature were Lina Kostenko, Dmytro Pavlychko, , Ivan Drach, Oles Honchar, Vasyl Stus, Vasyl Symonenko.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34124",
"question": "what party was limited under the times literary activities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "Communist Party"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Literary freedom appeared in late 1980s\u00a0\u2014 early 1990s with the process of collapse of the USSR and reestablishing of Ukrainian independence in 1991. Among the most famous writers of the post-Soviet period are Oksana Zabuzhko, Yurii Andrukhovych, , Serhiy Zhadan, Taras Prokhasko, Jaroslav Melnik, , Yuriy Pokalchuk, Yuriy Vynnychuk, Andrey Kurkov.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34125",
"question": "in what year did the literary freedom of ukrainian independence occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "1991"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The great churches of the Rus', built after the adoption of Christianity in 988, were the first examples of monumental architecture in the East Slavic lands. The architectural style of the Kievan state was strongly influenced by the Byzantine. Early Eastern Orthodox churches were mainly made of wood, with the simplest form of church becoming known as a cell church. Major cathedrals often featured scores of small domes, which led some art historians to take this as an indication of the appearance of pre-Christian pagan Slavic temples.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34126",
"question": "when was the great churches of the rus built ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 76,
"text": "988"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34127",
"question": "who influenced the kievan state ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 229,
"text": "the Byzantine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Several examples of these churches survive; however, during the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, many were externally rebuilt in the Ukrainian Baroque style (see below). Examples include the grand St. Sophia of Kiev\u00a0\u2013 the year 1017 is the earliest record of foundation laid, Church of the Saviour at Berestove \u2013 built from 1113 to 1125 and St. Cyril's Church, circa 12th-century. All can still be found in the Ukrainian capital. Several buildings were reconstructed during the late-19th century, including the in Volodymyr-Volynskyi, built in 1160 and reconstructed in 1896\u20131900, the , built in 1201 with reconstruction done in the late 1940s, and the Golden gates in Kiev, built in 1037 and reconstructed in 1982. The latter's reconstruction was criticised by some art and architecture historians as a revivalist fantasy. Unfortunately little secular or vernacular architecture of Kievan Rus' has survived.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34128",
"question": "where were the externally rebuilt ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 131,
"text": "Ukrainian Baroque style"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34129",
"question": "what is the earliest record of foundation of the saviour ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 225,
"text": "1017"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34130",
"question": "when was the golden gates built ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 541,
"text": "1160"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34131",
"question": "when was the golden gates in kiev built ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 681,
"text": "1037"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "As Ukraine became increasingly integrated into the Russian Empire, Russian architects had the opportunity to realise their projects in the picturesque landscape that many Ukrainian cities and regions offered. St. Andrew's Church of Kiev (1747\u20131754), built by Bartolomeo Rastrelli, is a notable example of Baroque architecture, and its location on top of the Kievan mountain made it a recognisable monument of the city. An equally notable contribution of Rasetrelli was the Mariyinsky Palace, which was built to be a summer residence to Russian Empress Elizabeth. During the reign of the last Hetman of Ukraine, Kirill Razumovsky, many of the Cossack Hetmanate's towns such as Hlukhiv, Baturyn and Koselets had grandiose projects built by Andrey Kvasov. Russia eventually conquered the south of Ukraine and Crimea, and renamed them as New Russia. New cities such as Nikolayev, Odessa, Kherson and Sevastopol were founded. These would contain notable examples of Imperial Russian architecture.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34132",
"question": "what church is a notable example of baroque architecture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 209,
"text": "St. Andrew's Church of Kiev"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34133",
"question": "when was st. andrew 's church of kiev born ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 238,
"text": "1747\u20131754"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34134",
"question": "who built st. andrew 's church of kiev ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 259,
"text": "Bartolomeo Rastrelli"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34135",
"question": "what palace was built to be a summer residence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 473,
"text": "Mariyinsky Palace"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34136",
"question": "who was the mariyinsky palace built to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 536,
"text": "Russian Empress Elizabeth"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34137",
"question": "who built the projects of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 738,
"text": "Andrey Kvasov"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1934, the capital of Soviet Ukraine moved from Kharkiv to Kiev. Previously, the city was seen as only a regional centre, hence received little attention. All of that was to change, at great price. The first examples of Stalinist architecture were already showing, and, in light of the official policy, a new city was to be built on top of the old one. This meant that much-admired examples such as the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery were destroyed. Even the St. Sophia Cathedral was under threat. Also, the Second World War contributed to the wreckage. After the war, a new project for the reconstruction of central Kiev transformed Khreshchatyk avenue into a notable example of Stalinism in Architecture. However, by 1955, the new politics of architecture once again stopped the project from fully being realised.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34138",
"question": "when did the capital of soviet ukraine begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1934"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34139",
"question": "what was the name of the monastery that were destroyed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 405,
"text": "St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34140",
"question": "in what year did the new politics of architecture take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 727,
"text": "1955"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The task for modern Ukrainian architecture is diverse application of modern aesthetics, the search for an architect's own artistic style and inclusion of the existing historico-cultural environment. An example of modern Ukrainian architecture is the reconstruction and renewal of the Maidan Nezalezhnosti in central Kiev. Despite the limit set by narrow space within the plaza, the engineers were able to blend together the uneven landscape, and use underground space for a new shopping centre.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34141",
"question": "what is the task for modern ukrainian architecture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 69,
"text": "modern aesthetics"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34142",
"question": "what is the name of the ukrainian architecture in central kiev ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 284,
"text": "Maidan Nezalezhnosti"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34143",
"question": "where is the reconstruction and renewal of the maidan located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "central Kiev"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A major project, which may take up most of the 21st century, is the construction of the Kiev City-Centre on the Rybalskyi Peninsula, which, when finished, will include a dense skyscraper park amid the picturesque landscape of the Dnieper.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34144",
"question": "what is the construction of the 21st century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 88,
"text": "Kiev City-Centre"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34145",
"question": "where is the construction of the kiev located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "Rybalskyi Peninsula"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Music is a major part of Ukrainian culture, with a long history and many influences. From traditional folk music, to classical and modern rock, Ukraine has produced several internationally recognised musicians including Kirill Karabits, Okean Elzy and Ruslana. Elements from traditional Ukrainian folk music made their way into Western music and even into modern jazz.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34146",
"question": "what are the internationally recognised musicians in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 220,
"text": "Kirill Karabits, Okean Elzy and Ruslana"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian music sometimes presents a perplexing mix of exotic melismatic singing with chordal harmony. The most striking general characteristic of authentic ethnic Ukrainian folk music is the wide use of minor modes or keys which incorporate augmented 2nd intervals.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34147",
"question": "ukrainian music sometimes presents a mix of what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 86,
"text": "chordal harmony"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "During the Baroque period, music was an important discipline for those that had received a higher education in Ukraine. It had a place of considerable importance in the curriculum of the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Much of the nobility was well versed in music with many Ukrainian Cossack leaders such as (Mazepa, Paliy, Holovatyj, Sirko) being accomplished players of the kobza, bandura or torban.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34148",
"question": "what curriculum had a place in the curriculum ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34149",
"question": "who being accomplished in the nobility ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 264,
"text": "Ukrainian Cossack leaders"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first dedicated musical academy was set up in Hlukhiv, Ukraine in 1738 and students were taught to sing, play violin and bandura from manuscripts. As a result, many of the earliest composers and performers within the Russian empire were ethnically Ukrainian, having been born or educated in Hlukhiv, or had been closely associated with this music school.\nSee: Dmytro Bortniansky, Maksym Berezovsky and Artemiy Vedel.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34150",
"question": "when was the first dedicated musical academy set to sing ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "1738"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34151",
"question": "where was the earliest composers and performers born ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 295,
"text": "Hlukhiv"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian classical music falls into three distinct categories defined by whether the composer was of Ukrainian ethnicity living in Ukraine, a composer of non-Ukrainian ethnicity who was born or at some time was a citizen of Ukraine, or an ethnic Ukrainian living outside of Ukraine within the Ukrainian diaspora. The music of these three groups differs considerably, as do the audiences for whom they cater.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34152",
"question": "how many distinct categories does ukrainian classical music have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "three"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34153",
"question": "what is the composer of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "Ukrainian ethnicity living in Ukraine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since the mid-1960s, Western-influenced pop music has been growing in popularity in Ukraine. Folk singer and harmonium player Mariana Sadovska is prominent. Ukrainian pop and folk music arose with the international popularity of groups and performers like Vopli Vidoplyasova, Dakh Daughters, Dakha Brakha, Ivan Dorn and Okean Elzy.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34154",
"question": "who is the folk singer ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "Mariana Sadovska"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine will be host to the Eurovision Song Contest 2017.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34155",
"question": "what is ukraine host to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 24,
"text": "the Eurovision Song Contest 2017"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine has had an influence on the history of the cinema. Ukrainian directors Alexander Dovzhenko, often cited as one of the most important early Soviet filmmakers, as well as being a pioneer of Soviet montage theory, Dovzhenko Film Studios, and Sergei Parajanov, Armenian film director and artist who made significant contributions to Ukrainian, Armenian and Georgian cinema. He invented his own cinematic style, Ukrainian poetic cinema, which was totally out of step with the guiding principles of socialist realism.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34156",
"question": "who was the ukrainian directors of ukrainian directors ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "Alexander Dovzhenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34157",
"question": "who were the armenian film director ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "Dovzhenko Film Studios, and Sergei Parajanov"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34158",
"question": "who did armenian film director make significant contributions to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 337,
"text": "Ukrainian, Armenian and Georgian cinema"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34159",
"question": "what was the name of the own style of step in socialist realism ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 415,
"text": "Ukrainian poetic cinema"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Other important directors including Kira Muratova, Larisa Shepitko, Sergei Bondarchuk, Leonid Bykov, Yuri Ilyenko, Leonid Osyka, Ihor Podolchak with his Delirium and Maryna Vroda. Many Ukrainian actors have achieved international fame and critical success, including: Vera Kholodnaya, Bohdan Stupka, Milla Jovovich, Olga Kurylenko, Mila Kunis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34160",
"question": "who were the important directors of the sergei directors ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 153,
"text": "Delirium and Maryna Vroda"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Despite a history of important and successful productions, the industry has often been characterised by a debate about its identity and the level of European and Russian influence. Ukrainian producers are active in international co-productions and Ukrainian actors, directors and crew feature regularly in Russian (Soviet in past) films. Also successful films have been based on Ukrainian people, stories or events, including Battleship Potemkin, Man with a Movie Camera, Everything Is Illuminated.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34161",
"question": "the industry has been characterised by a debate about what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 149,
"text": "European and Russian influence"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainian State Film Agency owns National Oleksandr Dovzhenko Film Centre, film copying laboratory and archive, takes part in hosting of the Odessa International Film Festival, and Molodist is the only one FIAPF accredited International Film Festival held in Ukraine; competition program is devoted to student, first short and first full feature films from all over the world. Held annually in October.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34162",
"question": "what is the name of the film agency owns in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "National Oleksandr Dovzhenko Film Centre"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34163",
"question": "what is the name of the festival that takes part of film copying laboratory ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "Odessa International Film Festival"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34164",
"question": "when was annually ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 394,
"text": "October"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrayinska Pravda was founded by Georgiy Gongadze in April 2000 (the day of the Ukrainian constitutional referendum). Published mainly in Ukrainian with selected articles published in or translated to Russian and English, the newspaper has particular emphasis on the politics of Ukraine. Freedom of the press in Ukraine is considered to be among the freest of the post-Soviet states other than the Baltic states.\nFreedom House classifies the Internet in Ukraine as \"free\" and the press as \"partly free\". Press freedom has significantly improved since the Orange Revolution of 2004. However, in 2010 Freedom House perceived \"negative trends in Ukraine\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34165",
"question": "who was founded in april 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Ukrayinska Pravda"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34166",
"question": "who founded the ukrainian constitutional referendum ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Georgiy Gongadze"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34167",
"question": "when was the day of the ukrainian constitutional referendum ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "April 2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34168",
"question": "what two languages were published in ukrainian articles ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "Russian and English"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Kiev dominates the media sector in Ukraine: the Kyiv Post is Ukraine's leading English-language newspaper. National newspapers Den, Mirror Weekly, tabloids, such as The Ukrainian Week or Focus (Russian), and television and radio are largely based there, although Lviv is also a significant national media centre. The National News Agency of Ukraine, Ukrinform was founded here in 1918. The Ukraine publishing sector, including books, directories and databases, journals, magazines and business media, newspapers and news agencies, has a combined turnover. Sanoma publishing Ukrainian editions of such magazines as Esquire, Harpers Bazaar and National Geographic Magazine. BBC Ukrainian started its broadcasts in 1992.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34169",
"question": "what is another name for russian mirror ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 165,
"text": "The Ukrainian Week or Focus"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34170",
"question": "what was the name of the national news agency of ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 350,
"text": "Ukrinform"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34171",
"question": "when was the national news agency founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 380,
"text": "1918"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34172",
"question": "when did bbc begin its broadcasts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 712,
"text": "1992"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukrainians listen to radio programming, such as Radio Ukraine or Radio Liberty, largely commercial, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day. Several television channels operate, and many Websites are popular.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34173",
"question": "what are the names of the radio programming that ukrainians listen to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "Radio Ukraine or Radio Liberty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34174",
"question": "what is the average day of radio programming ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "average just over two-and-a-half hours a day"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine greatly benefited from the Soviet emphasis on physical education. Such policies left Ukraine with hundreds of stadia, swimming pools, gymnasia and many other athletic facilities. The most popular sport is football. The top professional league is the Vyscha Liha (\"premier league\").",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34175",
"question": "what type of education did ukraine focus from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "physical education"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34176",
"question": "what is the name of the top professional league ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 258,
"text": "Vyscha Liha"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Many Ukrainians also played for the Soviet national football team, most notably Ihor Belanov and Oleh Blokhin, winners of the prestigious Golden Ball Award. This award was only presented to one Ukrainian after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Andriy Shevchenko. The national team made its debut in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and reached the quarterfinals before losing to eventual champions, Italy. Ukrainians also fared well in boxing, where the brothers Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko have held world heavyweight championships.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34177",
"question": "what ukrainians played for the soviet national football team ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Ihor Belanov and Oleh Blokhin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34178",
"question": "what award did the soviet national football team play ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 138,
"text": "Golden Ball Award"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34179",
"question": "who was the soviet union 's award ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 247,
"text": "Andriy Shevchenko"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34180",
"question": "when did the national team made its debut debut ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 306,
"text": "2006 FIFA World Cup"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34181",
"question": "who has held world heavyweight championships ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 458,
"text": "Vitali and Wladimir Klitschko"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Sergey Bubka held the record in the Pole vault from 1993 to 2014; with great strength, speed and gymnastic abilities, he was voted the world's best athlete on several occasions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34182",
"question": "who held the record in the pole vault ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Sergey Bubka"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34183",
"question": "when was the record in the pole vault held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 52,
"text": "1993 to 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34184",
"question": "what did the world 's best athlete on several occasions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "speed and gymnastic abilities"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Basketball is becoming popular in Ukraine. In 2011, Ukraine was granted a right to organize EuroBasket 2015. Two years later the Ukraine national basketball team finished 6th in EuroBasket 2013 and qualified to FIBA World Cup for the first time in its history. Euroleague participant Budivelnyk Kyiv is the strongest professional basketball club in Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34185",
"question": "what year was ukraine granted in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "EuroBasket 2015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34186",
"question": "what is the strongest professional basketball club in ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 284,
"text": "Budivelnyk Kyiv"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Chess is a popular sport in Ukraine. Ruslan Ponomariov is the former world champion. There are about 85 Grandmasters and 198 International Masters in Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34187",
"question": "who is the former world champion ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "Ruslan Ponomariov"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34188",
"question": "what are the ukraine 's ukraine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "85 Grandmasters and 198 International Masters"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Ukraine made its Olympic debut at the 1994 Winter Olympics. So far, Ukraine at the Olympics has been much more successful in Summer Olympics (115 medals in five appearances) than in the Winter Olympics. Ukraine is currently ranked 35th by number of gold medals won in the All-time Olympic Games medal count, with every country above it, except for Russia, having more appearances.\nThe traditional Ukrainian diet includes chicken, pork, beef, fish and mushrooms. Ukrainians also tend to eat a lot of potatoes, grains, fresh, boiled or pickled vegetables. Popular traditional dishes include (boiled dumplings with mushrooms, potatoes, sauerkraut, cottage cheese, cherries or berries), nalysnyky (pancakes with cottage cheese, poppy seeds, mushrooms, caviar or meat), kapu\u015bniak (soup made with meat, potatoes, carrots, onions, cabbage, millet, tomato paste, spices and fresh herbs), borsch (soup made of beets, cabbage and mushrooms or meat), (stuffed cabbage rolls filled with rice, carrots, onion and minced meat) and pierogi (dumplings filled with boiled potatoes and cheese or meat). Ukrainian specialties also include Chicken Kiev and Kiev cake. Ukrainians drink stewed fruit, juices, milk, buttermilk (they make cottage cheese from this), mineral water, tea and coffee, beer, wine and .",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34189",
"question": "when did ukraine make its olympic debut ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 38,
"text": "1994 Winter Olympics"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34190",
"question": "how many medals are in summer olympics ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "115"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34191",
"question": "where is ukraine ranked in the all-time olympic games ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 231,
"text": "35th"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "\na. Among the Ukrainians that rose to the highest offices in the Russian Empire were Aleksey Razumovsky, Alexander Bezborodko and Ivan Paskevich. Among the Ukrainians who greatly influenced the Russian Orthodox Church in this period were Stephen Yavorsky, Feofan Prokopovich and Dimitry of Rostov.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34192",
"question": "who were the highest offices of the russian empire ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "Aleksey Razumovsky, Alexander Bezborodko and Ivan Paskevich"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34193",
"question": "the ukrainians influenced what church ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 194,
"text": "Russian Orthodox Church"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34194",
"question": "what were the russian orthodox church influenced by the ukrainians ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 238,
"text": "Stephen Yavorsky, Feofan Prokopovich and Dimitry of Rostov"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "b. Estimates on the number of deaths vary. Official Soviet data is not available because the Soviet government denied the existence of the famine. See the Holodomor article for details. Sources differ on interpreting various statements from different branches of different governments as to whether they amount to the official recognition of the Famine as Genocide by the country. For example, after the statement issued by the Latvian Sejm on 13 March 2008, the total number of countries is given as 19 (according to \"Ukrainian BBC\": ), 16 (according to \"Korrespondent\", Russian edition: ), \"more than 10\" (according to \"Korrespondent\", Ukrainian edition: ) Retrieved 27 January 2008.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34195",
"question": "when was the latvian sejm ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 444,
"text": "13 March 2008"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34196",
"question": "what was the total number of countries in 2008 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 501,
"text": "19"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "c. These figures are likely to be much higher, as they do not include Ukrainians from nations or Ukrainian Jews, but instead only ethnic Ukrainians, from the Ukrainian SSR.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34197",
"question": "what are the two figures that do not have much of the figures in the us ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "Ukrainians from nations or Ukrainian Jews"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34198",
"question": "where are ethnic ukrainians located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "the Ukrainian SSR"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "e. Russia and Kazakhstan are the first and second largest but both these figures include European and Asian territories. Russia is the only country possessing European territories larger than Ukraine.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34199",
"question": "which two countries are the first and second largest largest ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "Russia and Kazakhstan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34200",
"question": "what are the figures of e. russia ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "European and Asian territories"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34201",
"question": "what is russia 's only country ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 159,
"text": "European territories larger than Ukraine"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "f. According to the official 2001 census data (by nationality; by language) about 75\u00a0percent of Kiev's population responded 'Ukrainian' to the native language (ridna mova) census question, and roughly 25\u00a0percent responded 'Russian'. On the other hand, when the question 'What language do you use in everyday life?' was asked in the 2003 sociological survey, the Kievans' answers were distributed as follows: 'mostly Russian': 52\u00a0percent, 'both Russian and Ukrainian in equal measure': 32\u00a0percent, 'mostly Ukrainian': 14\u00a0percent, 'exclusively Ukrainian': 4.3\u00a0percent.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34202",
"question": "what percentage of kiev 's population was responded to the 2001 census ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "75"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34203",
"question": "what percentage of kiev 's population was russian ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 201,
"text": "25\u00a0percent"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "g. Such writings were also the base for Russian and Belarusian literature.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34204",
"question": "what were the base of the writings for the writings ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 40,
"text": "Russian and Belarusian literature"
}
]
}
]
}
],
"title": "Ukraine"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34205",
"question": "what is a city 's city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 10,
"text": "a large and permanent human settlement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34206",
"question": "what is the town in a town distinguished from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 127,
"text": "general English language meanings"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34207",
"question": "what is the historical status of historical status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 245,
"text": "local law"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, sometimes benefiting both parties in the process, but it also presents challenges to managing urban growth.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34208",
"question": "what do cities generally have complex systems for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A big city or metropolis usually has associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. Damascus is arguably the oldest city in the world. In terms of population, the largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest-growing is Dubai.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34209",
"question": "what are a big city or metropolis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "suburbs and exurbs"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34210",
"question": "what are cities usually associated with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 108,
"text": "metropolitan areas and urban areas"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34211",
"question": "what is the largest city proper ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 436,
"text": "Shanghai"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34212",
"question": "what is the fastest-growing city proper ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 475,
"text": "Dubai"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The conventional view holds that cities first formed after the Neolithic revolution. The Neolithic revolution brought agriculture, which made denser human populations possible, thereby supporting city development. The advent of farming encouraged hunter-gatherers to abandon nomadic lifestyles and to settle near others who lived by agricultural production. The increased population density encouraged by farming and the increased output of food per unit of land created conditions that seem more suitable for city-like activities. In his book, \"Cities and Economic Development\", Paul Bairoch takes up this position in his argument that agricultural activity appears necessary before true cities can form.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34213",
"question": "when did the conventional view of cities first appear ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 59,
"text": "the Neolithic revolution"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34214",
"question": "what were the hunter-gatherers to settle near ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 333,
"text": "agricultural production"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34215",
"question": "what is the name of the book that paul bairoch takes up with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 546,
"text": "Cities and Economic Development"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to Vere Gordon Childe, for a settlement to qualify as a city, it must have enough surplus of raw materials to support trade and a relatively large population. Bairoch points out that, due to sparse population densities that would have persisted in pre-Neolithic, hunter-gatherer societies, the amount of land that would be required to produce enough food for subsistence and trade for a large population would make it impossible to control the flow of trade. To illustrate this point, Bairoch offers an example: \"Western Europe during the pre-Neolithic, [where] the density must have been less than 0.1 person per square kilometre\". Using this population density as a base for calculation, and allotting 10% of food towards surplus for trade and assuming that city dwellers do no farming, he calculates that \"...to maintain a city with a population of 1,000, and without taking the cost of transport into account, an area of 100,000 square kilometres would have been required. When the cost of transport is taken into account, the figure rises to 200,000 square kilometres\u00a0...\". Bairoch noted that this is roughly the size of Great Britain. The urban theorist Jane Jacobs suggests that city formation preceded the birth of agriculture, but this view is not widely accepted.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34216",
"question": "who must have enough surplus of raw materials ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 13,
"text": "Vere Gordon Childe"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34217",
"question": "what percentage of food towards surplus for trade and assuming do surplus for trade ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 714,
"text": "10%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34218",
"question": "who suggests that city formation preceded the birth of agriculture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1170,
"text": "Jane Jacobs"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In his book \"City Economics\", Brendan O'Flaherty asserts \"Cities could persist\u2014as they have for thousands of years\u2014only if their advantages offset the disadvantages\" . O'Flaherty illustrates two similar attracting advantages known as increasing returns to scale and economies of scale, which are concepts usually associated with businesses. Their applications are seen in more basic economic systems as well. Increasing returns to scale occurs when \"doubling all inputs more than doubles the output [and] an activity has economies of scale if doubling output less than doubles cost\" . To offer an example of these concepts, O'Flaherty makes use of \"one of the oldest reasons why cities were built: military protection\" . In this example, the inputs are anything that would be used for protection (e.g., a wall) and the output is the area protected and everything of value contained in it. O'Flaherty then asks that we suppose the protected area is square, and each hectare inside it has the same value of protection. The advantage is expressed as: ",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34219",
"question": "what does increasing returns to scale scale occurs ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 450,
"text": "doubling all inputs more than doubles the output ["
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "So there are increasing returns to scale:",
"qas": []
},
{
"context": "\"Cities, then, economize on protection, and so protection against marauding barbarian armies is one reason why people have come together to live in cities\u00a0...\" .",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34220",
"question": "who is one of the protection that people have come together ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "marauding barbarian armies"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Similarly, \"Are Cities Dying?\", a paper by Harvard economist Edward L. Glaeser, delves into similar reasons for city formation: reduced transport costs for goods, people and ideas. Discussing the benefits of proximity, Glaeser claims that if a city is doubled in size, workers get a ten percent increase in earnings. Glaeser furthers his argument by stating that bigger cities do not pay more for equal productivity than in a smaller city, so it is reasonable to assume that workers become more productive if they move to a city twice the size as they initially worked in. The workers do not benefit much from the ten percent wage increase, because it is recycled back into the higher cost of living in a larger city. They do gain other benefits from living in cities, though.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34221",
"question": "who wrote a paper by harvard ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 61,
"text": "Edward L. Glaeser"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "City planning has seen many different schemes for how a city should look. The most commonly seen pattern is the grid, used for thousands of years in China, independently invented by Alexander the Great's city planner Dinocrates of Rhodes and favoured by the Romans, while almost a rule in parts of pre-Columbian America. Derry, begun in 1613, was the first planned city in Ireland, with the walls being completed five years later. The central diamond within a walled city with four gates was considered a good design for defence. The grid pattern was widely copied in the colonies of British North America.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34222",
"question": "what is the name of the planner planner ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 217,
"text": "Dinocrates of Rhodes"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34223",
"question": "who invented the grid planner ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 254,
"text": "the Romans"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34224",
"question": "when did the first city in ireland begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 337,
"text": "1613"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34225",
"question": "how long was the first city in ireland ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 413,
"text": "five years later"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34226",
"question": "where was the grid pattern widely copied ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 584,
"text": "British North America"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The ancient Greeks often gave their colonies around the Mediterranean a grid plan. One of the best examples is the city of Priene. This city had different specialised districts, much as is seen in modern city planning today. Fifteen centuries earlier, the Indus Valley Civilisation was using grids in such cities as Mohenjo-Daro. In medieval times there was evidence of a preference for linear planning. Good examples are the cities established by various rulers in the south of France and city expansions in old Dutch and Flemish cities.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34227",
"question": "what is one of the best examples of the best examples of the city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "Priene"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34228",
"question": "what was using grids in mohenjo-daro cities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "Indus Valley Civilisation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34229",
"question": "what was the name of the indus valley civilisation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 316,
"text": "Mohenjo-Daro"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Grid plans were popular among planners in the 19th century, particularly after the redesign of Paris. They cut through the meandering, organic streets that followed old paths. The United States imposed grid plans in new territories and towns, as the American West was rapidly established, in places such as Salt Lake City and San Francisco.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34230",
"question": "when were grid plans popular ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "the 19th century"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34231",
"question": "what are the names of the american west lake ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 307,
"text": "Salt Lake City and San Francisco"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Other forms may include a radial structure, in which main roads converge on a central point. This was often a historic form, the effect of successive growth over long time with concentric traces of town walls and citadels. In more recent history, such forms were supplemented by ring-roads that take traffic around the outskirts of a town. Many Dutch cities are structured this way: a central square surrounded by concentric canals. Every city expansion would imply a new circle (canals together with town walls). In cities such as Amsterdam, Haarlem and also Moscow, this pattern is still clearly visible.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34232",
"question": "what type of structure can main roads include ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 26,
"text": "radial structure"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34233",
"question": "who surrounded the central square ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 414,
"text": "concentric canals"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Towns and cities have a long history, although opinions vary on whether any particular ancient settlement can be considered a city. Cities formed as a result of geographically centralized trade, benefiting the members living in close proximity to others and facilitating interactions including, but not limited to, economics. These interactions generate both positive and negative externalities between others' actions. Benefits include reduced transport costs, exchange of ideas, sharing of natural resources, large local markets, and later in their development, amenities such as running water and sewage disposal. Possible costs would include higher rate of crime, higher mortality rates, higher cost of living, worse pollution, traffic and high commuting times. Cities grow when the benefits of proximity between people and firms are higher than the cost.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34234",
"question": "what was the result of the result of cities formed by cities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 161,
"text": "geographically centralized trade"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34235",
"question": "what are the two amenities in their development ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 582,
"text": "running water and sewage disposal"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first true towns are sometimes considered large settlements where the inhabitants were no longer simply farmers of the surrounding area, but began to take on specialized occupations, and where trade, food storage and power were centralized. In 1950 Gordon Childe attempted to define a historic city with 10 general metrics. These are:\nThis categorisation is descriptive, and it is used as a general touchstone when considering ancient cities, although not all have each of its characteristics.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34236",
"question": "when was gordon childe to define a historic city with 10 general metrics ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 248,
"text": "1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34237",
"question": "who attempted to define a historic city with 10 general metrics ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 253,
"text": "Gordon Childe"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "One characteristic that can be used to distinguish a small city from a large town is organized government. A town accomplishes common goals through informal agreements between neighbors or the leadership of a chief. A city has professional administrators, regulations, and some form of taxation (food and other necessities or means to trade for them) to feed the government workers. The governments may be based on heredity, religion, military power, work projects (such as canal building), food distribution, land ownership, agriculture, commerce, manufacturing, finance, or a combination of those. Societies that live in cities are often called civilizations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34238",
"question": "who is the common goals of the town ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 148,
"text": "informal agreements between neighbors or the leadership of a chief"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34239",
"question": "what does the city form ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 296,
"text": "food and other necessities or means to trade for them) to feed the government workers"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34240",
"question": "where can the governments be based ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 415,
"text": "heredity, religion, military power"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34241",
"question": "what are societies that live in cities are often called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 647,
"text": "civilizations"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The more complex human societies, called the first civilizations emerged around 3000 BC in the river valleys of Mesopotamia, India, China, and Egypt. An increase in food production led to the significant growth in human population and the rise of cities. The peoples of Southwest Asia and Egypt laid the foundations of Western civilization, they developed cities and struggled with the problems of organised states as they moved from individual communities to larger territorial units and eventually to empires.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34242",
"question": "when was the first civilizations emerged ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "3000 BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34243",
"question": "where did the first civilizations in the river take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "Mesopotamia, India, China, and Egypt"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Indus Valley Civilization and ancient China are two other areas with major indigenous urban traditions. Among the early Old World cities, Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan, existing from about 2600 BC, was one of the largest, with a population of 50,000 or more.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34244",
"question": "what is the name of the civilization that are in the indus valley ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "Indus Valley Civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34245",
"question": "what was one of the largest civilization in pakistan ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34246",
"question": "what year was the indus valley civilization in pakistan ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 233,
"text": "2600 BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34247",
"question": "what was the population of the indus valley civilization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 287,
"text": "50,000 or more"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In ancient Greece, beginning in the early 1st millennium BC, there emerged independent city-states that evolved for the first time the notion of citizenship, becoming in the process the archetype of the free city, the polis. The Agora, meaning \"gathering place\" or \"assembly\", was the center of athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the polis. These Greek city-states reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy, and nurtured in Athens under a democratic government. The Greek Hippodamus of Miletus (c. 407 BC) has been dubbed the \"Father of City Planning\" for his design of Miletus; the Hippodamian, or grid plan, was the basis for subsequent Greek and Roman cities. In the 4th century BC, Alexander the Great commissioned Dinocrates of Rhodes to lay out his new city of Alexandria, the grandest example of idealized urban planning of the ancient Mediterranean world, where the city's regularity was facilitated by its level site near a mouth of the Nile.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34248",
"question": "when did the independent city-states begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "early 1st millennium BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34249",
"question": "who was the great commissioned in the 4th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 874,
"text": "Dinocrates of Rhodes"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra (now Patna) in India, Chang'an (now Xi'an) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople (later Istanbul).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34250",
"question": "what are the names of the population of civilizations in india ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 242,
"text": "Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34251",
"question": "what was the name of carthage 's successor ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 419,
"text": "Constantinople"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Keith Hopkins estimates that ancient Rome had a population of about a million people by the end of the 1st century BC, after growing continually during the 3rd, 2nd, and 1st centuries BC, making it the largest city in the world at the time. Alexandria's population was also close to Rome's population at around the same time, the historian Rostovtzeff estimates a total population close to a million based on a census dated from 32 AD that counted 180,000 adult male citizens in Alexandria.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34252",
"question": "keith hopkins had a population of what century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "1st century BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34253",
"question": "during what time did keith hopkins become the largest city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "3rd, 2nd, and 1st centuries BC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34254",
"question": "when did the population of alexandria begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "32 AD"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34255",
"question": "how many adult male citizens were counted in alexandria ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "180,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Cities of Late Antiquity underwent transformations as the urban power base shrank and was transferred to the local bishop (see Late Roman Empire). Cities essentially disappeared, earliest in Roman Britain and Germania and latest in the Eastern Roman Empire and Visigothic Spain.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34256",
"question": "what was the local bishop transferred to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 127,
"text": "Late Roman Empire"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34257",
"question": "where were cities disappeared ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 191,
"text": "Roman Britain and Germania"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34258",
"question": "where were cities disappeared in roman britain ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 236,
"text": "Eastern Roman Empire and Visigothic Spain"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the ancient Americas, early urban traditions developed in the Andes and Mesoamerica. In the Andes, the first urban centers developed in the Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization), Chavin and Moche cultures, followed by major cities in the Huari, Chimu and Inca cultures. The Norte Chico civilization included as many as 30 major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. It is the oldest known civilization in the Americas, flourishing between the 30th century BC and the 18th century BC. Mesoamerica saw the rise of early urbanism in several cultural regions, including the Preclassic Maya, the Zapotec of Oaxaca, and Teotihuacan in central Mexico. Later cultures such as the Aztec drew on these earlier urban traditions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34259",
"question": "where were early urban traditions developed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 65,
"text": "Andes and Mesoamerica"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34260",
"question": "where was the first urban centers developed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 143,
"text": "Norte Chico civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34261",
"question": "what were the norte chico civilization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "Caral or Caral-Supe civilization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34262",
"question": "where were the first urban centers developed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 268,
"text": "Huari, Chimu and Inca cultures"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34263",
"question": "how many major population centers did the norte chico civilization have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 349,
"text": "30"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the first millennium AD, an urban tradition developed in the Khmer region of Cambodia, where Angkor grew into one of the largest cities (in area) of the world. The closest rival to Angkor, the Mayan city of Tikal in Guatemala, was between in total size. Although its population remains a topic of research and debate, newly identified agricultural systems in the Angkor area may have supported up to one million people.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34264",
"question": "what was the closest rival to guatemala ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "Angkor"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34265",
"question": "how many people can agricultural systems have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 403,
"text": "one million people"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Agriculture was practiced in sub-Saharan Africa since the third millennium BC. Because of this, cities could develop as centers of non-agricultural activity. Exactly when this first happened is still a topic of archeological and historical investigation. Western scholarship has tended to focus on cities in Europe and Mesopotamia, but emerging archeological evidence indicates that urbanization occurred south of the Sahara well before the influence of Arab urban culture. One of the oldest sites documented thus far, Jenn\u00e9-Jeno in what is today Mali, has in fact been dated back to the third century BC. According to Roderick and Susan McIntosh, Jenn\u00e9-Jeno did not fit into traditional Western conceptions of urbanity as it lacked monumental architecture and a distinctive elite social class, but it should indeed be considered a city based on more a more functional redefinition of urban development. In particular, Jenn\u00e9-Jeno featured settlement mounds arranged according to a horizontal, rather than vertical, power hierarchy, and served as a center of specialized production and exhibited functional interdependence with the surrounding hinterland. Archaeological evidence from Jenn\u00e9-Jeno, specifically the presence of non-West African glass beads dated from the third century BC to the fourth century AD, indicates that pre-Arabic trade contacts probably existed between Jenn\u00e9-Jeno and North Africa. Additionally, other early urban centers in sub-Saharan Africa, dated to around 500 AD, include Awdaghust, Kumbi-Saleh the ancient capital of Ghana, and Maranda a center located on a trade rout between Egypt and Gao.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34266",
"question": "when was agriculture practiced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 58,
"text": "third millennium BC"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "While David Kessler and Peter Temin consider ancient Rome the largest city before the 19th century, London was the first to exceed a population of 1 million. George Modelski considers medieval Baghdad, with an estimated population of 1.2 million at its peak, the largest city before 19th century London and the first with a population of over one million. Others estimate that Baghdad's population may have been as large as 2 million in the 9th century.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34267",
"question": "who consider the largest city before the 19th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 6,
"text": "David Kessler and Peter Temin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34268",
"question": "what was the population of london in the 19th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 147,
"text": "1 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34269",
"question": "what was the estimated population of medieval baghdad ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 234,
"text": "1.2 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34270",
"question": "what was the population of london in london ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 338,
"text": "over one million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34271",
"question": "what is the population of baghdad ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 424,
"text": "2 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "From the 9th through the end of the 12th century, the city of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe, with a population approaching 1 million.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34272",
"question": "what was the capital of constantinople ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "the Byzantine Empire"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34273",
"question": "what was the population of constantinople ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 188,
"text": "1 million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "During the European Middle Ages, a town was as much a political entity as a collection of houses. City residence brought freedom from customary rural obligations to lord and community: \"\"Stadtluft macht frei\"\" (\"City air makes you free\") was a saying in Germany. In Continental Europe cities with a legislature of their own were not unheard of, the laws for towns as a rule other than for the countryside, the lord of a town often being another than for surrounding land. In the Holy Roman Empire, some cities had no other lord than the emperor. In Italy medieval communes had quite a statelike power. In exceptional cases like Venice, Genoa or L\u00fcbeck, cities themselves became powerful states, sometimes taking surrounding areas under their control or establishing extensive maritime empires. Similar phenomena existed elsewhere, as in the case of Sakai, which enjoyed a considerable autonomy in late medieval Japan.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34274",
"question": "what was the name of the city that brought you to free rural obligations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "Stadtluft macht frei\""
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "While the city-states, or poleis, of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic trade. By the early 19th century, London had become the largest city in the world with a population of over a million, while Paris rivaled the well-developed regionally traditional capital cities of Baghdad, Beijing, Istanbul and Kyoto.\nDuring the Spanish colonization of the Americas the old Roman city concept was extensively used. Cities were founded in the middle of the newly conquered territories, and were bound to several laws about administration, finances and urbanism.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34275",
"question": "what two sea sea sea is the 16th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "Mediterranean and Baltic Sea"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34276",
"question": "what was london 's population in the early 19th century ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 309,
"text": "over a million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34277",
"question": "where did paris rivaled the well-developed capital ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 405,
"text": "Baghdad, Beijing, Istanbul and Kyoto"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Most towns remained far smaller, so that in 1500 only some two dozen places in the world contained more than 100,000 inhabitants. As late as 1700, there were fewer than forty, a figure that rose to 300 in 1900.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34278",
"question": "how many two dozen places were there in the world ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 44,
"text": "1500"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34279",
"question": "how many inhabitants were there in 1500 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 109,
"text": "100,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34280",
"question": "in what year was there fewer than forty in 1900 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "1700"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34281",
"question": "how many in 1900 did there last in 1900 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "300"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In the United States from 1860 to 1910, the introduction of railroads reduced transportation costs, and large manufacturing centers began to emerge, thus allowing migration from rural to city areas. Cities during this period were deadly places to live in, due to health problems resulting from contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases. In the Great Depression of the 1930s cities were hard hit by unemployment, especially those with a base in heavy industry. In the U.S. urbanization rate increased forty to eighty percent during 1900\u20131990. Today the world's population is slightly over half urban, and continues to urbanize, with roughly a million people moving into cities every 24 hours worldwide.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34282",
"question": "when did the introduction of railroads reduced transportation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "1860 to 1910"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34283",
"question": "what types of diseases were used in health problems ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 558,
"text": "contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Modern cities are known for creating their own microclimates. This is due to the large clustering of heat absorbent surfaces that heat up in sunlight and that channel rainwater into underground ducts.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34284",
"question": "what type of surfaces is the large clustering of sunlight ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "heat absorbent surfaces"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Waste and sewage are two major problems for cities, as is air pollution from various forms of combustion, including fireplaces, wood or coal-burning stoves, other heating systems, and internal combustion engines. The impact of cities on places elsewhere, be it hinterlands or places far away, is considered in the notion of city footprinting (\"ecological footprint\").\nOther negative external effects include health consequences such as communicable diseases, crime, and high traffic and commuting times. Cities cause more interaction with more people than rural areas, leading to a higher probability of contracting contagious diseases. However, many inventions such as inoculations, vaccines, and water filtration systems have also lowered health concerns. Crime is also a concern in the cities. Studies have shown that crime rates in cities are higher and the chance of punishment after getting caught is lower. In cases such as burglary, the higher concentration of people in cities create more items of higher value worth the risk of crime. The high concentration of people also makes using auto mobiles inconvenient and pedestrian traffic is more prominent in metropolitan areas than a rural or suburban one.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34285",
"question": "what is the higher concentration of people in cities in cities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 931,
"text": "burglary"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Cities also generate positive external effects. The close physical proximity facilitates knowledge spillovers, helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas. A thicker labor market allows for better skill matching between firms and individuals. Population density enables also sharing of common infrastructure and production facilities, however in very dense cities, increased crowding and waiting times may lead to some negative effects.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34286",
"question": "what does the close physical proximity facilitates do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 111,
"text": "helping people and firms exchange information and generate new ideas"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34287",
"question": "what is the thicker labor market ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "better skill matching between firms and individuals"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The difference between \"towns\" and \"cities\" is differently understood in different parts of the world.",
"qas": []
},
{
"context": "Even within the English-speaking world there is no one standard definition of a city: the term may be used either for a town possessing city status; for an urban locality exceeding an arbitrary population size; for a town dominating other towns with particular regional economic or administrative significance. British city status was historically conferred on settlements with a diocesan cathedral; in more recent times towns apply to receive city status at times of national celebration. Larger settlements which are not designated as cities are towns, smaller settlements are villages and very small settlements are called hamlets. In the United States \"city\" can be used for much smaller settlements.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34288",
"question": "what is the term for the term for the term `` city '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 118,
"text": "a town possessing city status"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34289",
"question": "where was british city status historically conferred ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 361,
"text": "settlements with a diocesan cathedral"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34290",
"question": "what are small settlements called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 626,
"text": "hamlets"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Historically, city status was a privilege granted by royal letters of patent. The status would allow markets and/or foreign trade, in contrast to towns. Sovereigns could establish cities by decree, e.g. Helsinki, regardless of what was in the location beforehand. Also, with the establishment of federal governments, the new capital could be established from scratch, e.g. Bras\u00edlia, without going through organic growth from a village to a town.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34291",
"question": "who granted city status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "royal letters of patent"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34292",
"question": "what is an example of an example of a decree that could establish cities by decree ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 203,
"text": "Helsinki"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Although \"city\" can refer to an agglomeration including suburban and satellite areas, the term is not usually applied to a conurbation (cluster) of distinct urban places, nor for a wider metropolitan area including more than one city, each acting as a focus for parts of the area. And the word \"town\" (also \"downtown\") may mean the center of the city.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34293",
"question": "what is the term for the term `` city '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 121,
"text": "a conurbation (cluster) of distinct urban places"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34294",
"question": "what does the word `` town '' mean ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "downtown"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A global city, also known as a world city, is a prominent centre of trade, banking, finance, innovation, and markets. The term \"global city\", as opposed to megacity, was coined by Saskia Sassen in a seminal 1991 work. Whereas \"megacity\" refers to any city of enormous size, a global city is one of enormous power or influence. Global cities, according to Sassen, have more in common with each other than with other cities in their host nations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34295",
"question": "what was the term for the term `` global city '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "megacity"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34296",
"question": "who coined the term `` global city '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 180,
"text": "Saskia Sassen"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34297",
"question": "what is the name of the global cities that have more in common with each other cities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 355,
"text": "Sassen"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The notion of global cities is rooted in the concentration of power and capabilities within all cities. The city is seen as a container where skills and resources are concentrated: the better able a city is to concentrate its skills and resources, the more successful and powerful the city. This makes the city itself more powerful in the sense that it can influence what is happening around the world. Following this view of cities, it is possible to rank the world's cities hierarchically.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34298",
"question": "what is the notion of global cities rooted in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "the concentration of power and capabilities within all cities"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34299",
"question": "what is the more successful and powerful city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 181,
"text": "the better able a city is to concentrate its skills and resources"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34300",
"question": "what is the better able to concentrate resources ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 248,
"text": "the more successful and powerful the city"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Critics of the notion point to the different realms of power and interchange. The term \"global city\" is heavily influenced by economic factors and, thus, may not account for places that are otherwise significant. One writer, for example argues that the term is 'reductive and skewed':",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34301",
"question": "the term `` global city '' is influenced by what ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "economic factors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34302",
"question": "what is the name of the term that refers to the term `` one of the term '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 262,
"text": "reductive and skewed"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1995, Kanter argued that successful cities can be identified by three elements: good thinkers (concepts), good makers (competence) or good traders (connections). The interplay of these three elements, Kanter argued, means that good cities are not planned but managed.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34303",
"question": "in what year was successful cities identified by three elements ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1995"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34304",
"question": "how many elements can successful cities in 1995 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "three"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34305",
"question": "what type of traders can be used in 1995 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 109,
"text": "good makers (competence) or good traders"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In Paris, the inner city is the richest part of the metropolitan area, where housing is the most expensive, and where elites and high-income individuals dwell. In the developing world, economic modernization brings poor newcomers from the countryside to build haphazardly at the edge of current settlement (see favelas, shacks and shanty towns).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34306",
"question": "who is the most expensive housing in paris ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 118,
"text": "elites and high-income individuals dwell"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The United States, in particular, has a culture of anti-urbanism that dates back to colonial times. The American City Beautiful architecture movement of the late 19th century was a reaction to perceived urban decay and sought to provide stately civic buildings and boulevards to inspire civic pride in the motley residents of the urban core. Modern anti-urban attitudes are found in the United States in the form of a planning profession that continues to develop land on a low-density suburban basis, where access to amenities, work and shopping is provided almost exclusively by car rather than by foot or transit.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34307",
"question": "when was the american city beautiful architecture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 157,
"text": "late 19th century"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There is a growing movement in North America called \"New Urbanism\" that calls for a return to traditional city planning methods where mixed-use zoning allows people to walk from one type of land-use to another. The idea is that housing, shopping, office space, and leisure facilities are all provided within walking distance of each other, thus reducing the demand for road-space and also improving the efficiency and effectiveness of mass transit.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34308",
"question": "what is the growing movement of north america called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "New Urbanism"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34309",
"question": "what does the idea of mass , shopping , and leisure reducing the demand for mass transit ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 369,
"text": "road-space"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There is a debate about whether technology and instantaneous communications are making cities obsolete, or reinforcing the importance of big cities as centres of the knowledge economy. Knowledge-based development of cities, globalization of innovation networks, and broadband services are driving forces of a new city planning paradigm towards smart cities that use technology and communication to create more efficient agglomerations in terms of competitiveness, innovation, environment, energy, utilities, governance, and delivery of services to the citizen. Some companies are building brand new masterplanned cities from scratch on greenfield sites.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34310",
"question": "what is the importance of big importance of big cities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "centres of the knowledge economy"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34311",
"question": "what are some of the terms that use technology and communication ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 464,
"text": "innovation, environment, energy, utilities, governance, and delivery of services to the citizen"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Further reading",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "City"
},
{
"paragraphs": [
{
"context": "The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, and is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34312",
"question": "what does bbc stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The British Broadcasting Corporation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34313",
"question": "what is the british broadcasting corporation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "British public service broadcaster"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34314",
"question": "where is the british broadcasting corporation headquartered ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 107,
"text": "Broadcasting House in London"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34315",
"question": "how many staff does the british broadcasting corporation have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "20,950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34316",
"question": "what is the largest broadcaster in public sector ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 304,
"text": "16,672"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34317",
"question": "what is the total number of staff in london ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "35,402"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households, companies, and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBC's extensive radio, TV, and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK. Since 1 April 2014, it has also funded the BBC World Service (launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service), which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV, radio, and online services in Arabic, and Persian.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34318",
"question": "who is the bbc established with ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34319",
"question": "who set the fee by parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 371,
"text": "the British Government"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34320",
"question": "when was the bbc world service launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 603,
"text": "1932"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34321",
"question": "how many languages are in the bbc world service ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 656,
"text": "28"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Around a quarter of BBC revenues come from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide Ltd, which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News, and from BBC.com, provided by BBC Global News Ltd.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34322",
"question": "what is the name of the bbc 's commercial arm ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "BBC Worldwide Ltd"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34323",
"question": "what is the name of the bbc 's international arm ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 221,
"text": "BBC World News"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34324",
"question": "where is the bbc 's bbc worldwide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 246,
"text": "BBC.com"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34325",
"question": "who provided the bbc worldwide ltd worldwide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 267,
"text": "BBC Global News Ltd."
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Britain's first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the \"Daily Mail\"s Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba. The Melba broadcast caught the people's imagination and marked a turning point in the British public's attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office (GPO), was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34326",
"question": "where was britain 's first live public broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "Chelmsford"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34327",
"question": "when was britain 's first live public broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 91,
"text": "June 1920"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34328",
"question": "who sponsored britain 's first live broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 127,
"text": "Daily Mail\"s Lord Northcliffe"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34329",
"question": "what was the name of the famous australian mail broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 192,
"text": "Soprano Dame Nellie Melba"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34330",
"question": "what was the name of the office of the licensing authority ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 609,
"text": "General Post Office"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests and moved to rescind its ban in the wake of a petition by 63 wireless societies with over 3,000 members. Anxious to avoid the same chaotic expansion experienced in the United States the GPO proposed that it would issue a single broadcasting licence to a company jointly owned by a consortium of leading wireless receiver manufactures, to be known as the British Broadcasting Company Ltd. John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers. To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to \"inform, educate and entertain\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34331",
"question": "in what year did the gpo broadcast requests ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 7,
"text": "1922"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34332",
"question": "how many broadcast licence did the gpo have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "100"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34333",
"question": "how many wireless societies did the gpo have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "63"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34334",
"question": "how many members did the gpo have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 157,
"text": "over 3,000 members"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34335",
"question": "what was the name of the NULL that NULL NULL ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 426,
"text": "British Broadcasting Company Ltd. John Reith"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34336",
"question": "what was john appointed its first broadcast broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 512,
"text": "General Manager"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34337",
"question": "when was the general manager appointed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 531,
"text": "December 1922"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate. Set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee. The Committee recommended a short term reorganisation of licence fees with improved enforcement in order to address the BBC's immediate financial distress, and an increased share of the licence revenue split between it and the GPO. This was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBC's broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, as was the prohibition on advertising. The BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34338",
"question": "what was the name of the group that commissioned a review of broadcasting by the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 244,
"text": "Postmaster-General"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34339",
"question": "who commissioned the review ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "Sykes Committee"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34340",
"question": "what was the bbc 's bbc banned from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 887,
"text": "19.00"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee. By now the BBC under Reith's leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified (monopoly) broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a public service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the primary source of news for the duration of the crisis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34341",
"question": "who found the future of broadcasting under the crawford committee ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "Mid-1925"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34342",
"question": "what was the bbc still required to finance ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 281,
"text": "finance rapid expansion"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position. On one hand Reith was acutely aware that the Government might exercise its right to commandeer the BBC at any time as a mouthpiece of the Government if the BBC were to step out of line, but on the other he was anxious to maintain public trust by appearing to be acting independently. The Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PM's own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Government's objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing. The resulting coverage of both striker and government viewpoints impressed millions of listeners who were unaware that the PM had broadcast to the nation from Reith's home, using one of Reith's sound bites inserted at the last moment, or that the BBC had banned broadcasts from the Labour Party and delayed a peace appeal by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blake's \"Jerusalem\" signifying that England had been saved.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34343",
"question": "what was the name of the bbc 's strike ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 408,
"text": "Reith"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34344",
"question": "who delayed the bbc 's peace appeal ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 920,
"text": "Archbishop of Canterbury"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34345",
"question": "what was the name of the supporters of the strike ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 985,
"text": "BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "While the BBC tends to characterise its coverage of the general strike by emphasising the positive impression created by its balanced coverage of the views of government and strikers, Jean Seaton, Professor of Media History and the Official BBC Historian has characterised the episode as the invention of \"modern propaganda in its British form\". Reith argued that trust gained by 'authentic impartial news' could then be used. Impartial news was not necessarily an end in itself.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34346",
"question": "who has characterised the episode of `` modern propaganda in its british form '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 228,
"text": "the Official BBC Historian"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34347",
"question": "what is the invention of the bbc historian ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 306,
"text": "modern propaganda in its British form"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34348",
"question": "what was the name of the trust argued that trust gained trust ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 381,
"text": "authentic impartial news"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC did well out of the crisis, which cemented a national audience for its broadcasting, and it was followed by the Government's acceptance of the recommendation made by the Crawford Committee (1925\u20136) that the British Broadcasting Company be replaced by a non-commercial, Crown-chartered organisation: the British Broadcasting Corporation.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34349",
"question": "who made the british broadcasting company ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "Crawford Committee"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34350",
"question": "what was the span of the crawford committee ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "1925\u20136"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34351",
"question": "what was replaced by the crawford committee ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "British Broadcasting Company"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34352",
"question": "who replaced the british broadcasting company ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 277,
"text": "Crown-chartered organisation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34353",
"question": "who was the non-commercial organisation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 307,
"text": "the British Broadcasting Corporation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The British Broadcasting Corporation came into existence on 1 January 1927, and Reith \u2013 newly knighted \u2013 was appointed its first Director General. To represent its purpose and (stated) values, the new corporation adopted the coat of arms, including the motto \"Nation shall speak peace unto Nation\".",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34354",
"question": "when did the british broadcasting corporation become existence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "1 January 1927"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34355",
"question": "who was the first director of the british broadcasting ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 129,
"text": "Director General"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34356",
"question": "what is the coat of arms values ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 260,
"text": "Nation shall speak peace unto Nation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The success of broadcasting provoked animosities between the BBC and well established media such as theatres, concert halls and the recording industry. By 1929, the BBC complained that the agents of many comedians refused to sign contracts for broadcasting, because they feared it harmed the artist \"by making his material stale\" and that it \"reduces the value of the artist as a visible music-hall performer\". On the other hand, the BBC was \"keenly interested\" in a cooperation with the recording companies who \"in recent years\u00a0... have not been slow to make records of singers, orchestras, dance bands, etc. who have already proved their power to achieve popularity by wireless.\" Radio plays were so popular that the BBC had received 6,000 manuscripts by 1929, most of them written for stage and of little value for broadcasting: \"Day in and day out, manuscripts come in, and nearly all go out again through the post, with a note saying 'We regret, etc.'\" In the 1930s music broadcasts also enjoyed great popularity, for example the friendly and wide-ranging organ broadcasts at St George's Hall, Langham Place, by Reginald Foort, who held the official role of BBC Staff Theatre Organist from 1936 to 1938; Foort continued to work for the BBC as a freelance into the 1940s and enjoyed a nationwide following.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34357",
"question": "how many manuscripts did the bbc have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 736,
"text": "6,000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34358",
"question": "who held the official role of bbc staff theatre ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1117,
"text": "Reginald Foort"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Experimental television broadcasts were started in 1932, using an electromechanical 30-line system developed by John Logie Baird. Limited regular broadcasts using this system began in 1934, and an expanded service (now named the BBC Television Service) started from Alexandra Palace in 1936, alternating between an improved Baird mechanical 240 line system and the all electronic 405 line Marconi-EMI system. The superiority of the electronic system saw the mechanical system dropped early the following year.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34359",
"question": "when were experimental television broadcasts started ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 51,
"text": "1932"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34360",
"question": "what type of system was developed in 1932 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "electromechanical 30-line system"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34361",
"question": "who developed the electromechanical 30-line system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 112,
"text": "John Logie Baird"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34362",
"question": "when did regular broadcasts begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "1934"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34363",
"question": "where did the bbc television service begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 266,
"text": "Alexandra Palace"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34364",
"question": "in what year did alexandra palace begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 286,
"text": "1936"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Television broadcasting was suspended from 1 September 1939 to 7 June 1946, during the Second World War, and it was left to BBC Radio broadcasters such as Reginald Foort to keep the nation's spirits up. The BBC moved much of its radio operations out of London, initially to Bristol, and then to Bedford. Concerts were broadcast from the Corn Exchange; the Trinity Chapel in St Paul's Church, Bedford was the studio for the daily service from 1941 to 1945 and, in the darkest days of the war in 1941, the Archbishops of Canterbury and York came to St Paul's to broadcast to the UK and all parts of the world on the National Day of Prayer.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34365",
"question": "when was television broadcasting suspended ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 43,
"text": "1 September 1939"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34366",
"question": "when was television broadcasting suspended ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 63,
"text": "7 June 1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34367",
"question": "who left the nation 's spirits to keep the nation 's spirits ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 155,
"text": "Reginald Foort"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34368",
"question": "when was the trinity chapel broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 442,
"text": "1941 to 1945"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "There was a widely reported urban myth that, upon resumption of the BBC television service after the war, announcer Leslie Mitchell started by saying, \"As I was saying before we were so rudely interrupted\u00a0...\" In fact, the first person to appear when transmission resumed was Jasmine Bligh and the words said were \"Good afternoon, everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh\u00a0... ?\"",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34369",
"question": "who started the first urban myth ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 116,
"text": "Leslie Mitchell"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34370",
"question": "what was the name of the first person to appear when transmission resumed transmission ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 276,
"text": "Jasmine Bligh"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The European Broadcasting Union was formed on 12 February 1950, in Torquay with the BBC among the 23 founding broadcasting organisations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34371",
"question": "what was formed on 12 february 1950 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The European Broadcasting Union"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34372",
"question": "when was the european broadcasting union formed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 46,
"text": "12 February 1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34373",
"question": "what was the bbc 's bbc formed on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 98,
"text": "23 founding broadcasting organisations"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Competition to the BBC was introduced in 1955, with the commercial and independently operated television network of ITV. However, the BBC monopoly on radio services would persist until 8 October 1973 when under the control of the newly renamed Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) the UK's first Independent local radio station, LBC came on-air in the London area. As a result of the Pilkington Committee report of 1962, in which the BBC was praised for the quality and range of its output, and ITV was very heavily criticised for not providing enough quality programming, the decision was taken to award the BBC a second television channel, BBC2, in 1964, renaming the existing service BBC1. BBC2 used the higher resolution 625 line standard which had been standardised across Europe. BBC2 was broadcast in colour from 1 July 1967, and was joined by BBC1 and ITV on 15 November 1969. The 405 line VHF transmissions of BBC1 (and ITV) were continued for compatibility with older television receivers until 1985.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34374",
"question": "when was the bbc introduced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 41,
"text": "1955"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34375",
"question": "when did the bbc monopoly on radio services ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 185,
"text": "8 October 1973"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34376",
"question": "what was the name of the bbc 's first independent radio station ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 244,
"text": "Independent Broadcasting Authority"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34377",
"question": "in what year was the bbc a second television channel praised ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 655,
"text": "1964"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34378",
"question": "when was the bbc2 broadcast broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 824,
"text": "1 July 1967"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34379",
"question": "when was itv joined by itv ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 871,
"text": "15 November 1969"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Starting in 1964, a series of pirate radio stations (starting with Radio Caroline) came on the air and forced the British government finally to regulate radio services to permit nationally based advertising-financed services. In response, the BBC reorganised and renamed their radio channels. On 30 September 1967, the Light Programme was split into Radio 1 offering continuous \"Popular\" music and Radio 2 more \"Easy Listening\". The \"Third\" programme became Radio 3 offering classical music and cultural programming. The Home Service became Radio 4 offering news, and non-musical content such as quiz shows, readings, dramas and plays. As well as the four national channels, a series of local BBC radio stations were established in 1967, including Radio London.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34380",
"question": "in what year did a series of pirate radio stations permit the air government ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 12,
"text": "1964"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34381",
"question": "who came up with the pirate radio stations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "Radio Caroline"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34382",
"question": "when was the light programme split ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 296,
"text": "30 September 1967"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34383",
"question": "when were the four national channels established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 732,
"text": "1967"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1969, the BBC Enterprises department was formed to exploit BBC brands and programmes for commercial spin-off products. In 1979, it became a wholly owned limited company, BBC Enterprises Ltd.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34384",
"question": "in what year was the bbc enterprises department formed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1969"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34385",
"question": "what was the bbc enterprises department formed to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "commercial spin-off products"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34386",
"question": "when did the bbc enterprises become a wholly owned company ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 125,
"text": "1979"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1974, the BBC's teletext service, Ceefax, was introduced, created initially to provide subtitling, but developed into a news and information service. In 1978, BBC staff went on strike just before the Christmas of that year, thus blocking out the transmission of both channels and amalgamating all four radio stations into one.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34387",
"question": "when was the bbc 's service introduced ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1974"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34388",
"question": "what was the name of the bbc 's service ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "Ceefax"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34389",
"question": "what did the bbc 's service provide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 90,
"text": "subtitling"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34390",
"question": "in what year did bbc begin on strike ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "1978"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since the deregulation of the UK television and radio market in the 1980s, the BBC has faced increased competition from the commercial sector (and from the advertiser-funded public service broadcaster Channel 4), especially on satellite television, cable television, and digital television services.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34391",
"question": "in what decade did the deregulation of the uk take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 68,
"text": "1980s"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34392",
"question": "what types of services does the bbc have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 227,
"text": "satellite television, cable television, and digital television services"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the late 1980s, the BBC began a process of divestment by spinning off and selling parts of its organisation. In 1988, it sold off the Hulton Press Library, a photographic archive which had been acquired from the \"Picture Post\" magazine by the BBC in 1957. The archive was sold to Brian Deutsch and is now owned by Getty Images. During the 1990s, this process continued with the separation of certain operational arms of the corporation into autonomous but wholly owned subsidiaries of the BBC, with the aim of generating additional revenue for programme-making. BBC Enterprises was reorganised and relaunched in 1995, as BBC Worldwide Ltd. In 1998, BBC studios, outside broadcasts, post production, design, costumes and wigs were spun off into BBC Resources Ltd.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34393",
"question": "in what year did the bbc sell off the press library ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "1988"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34394",
"question": "what was the name of the photographic archive in 1988 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "Hulton Press Library"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34395",
"question": "when was the picture post magazine acquired ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 253,
"text": "1957"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34396",
"question": "who was the archive sold to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 283,
"text": "Brian Deutsch"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34397",
"question": "who owned the archive of the archive ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 317,
"text": "Getty Images"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34398",
"question": "when was bbc enterprises reorganised ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 615,
"text": "1995"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34399",
"question": "in what year was bbc studios spun ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 646,
"text": "1998"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC Research Department has played a major part in the development of broadcasting and recording techniques. In the early days, it carried out essential research into acoustics and programme level and noise measurement. The BBC was also responsible for the development of the NICAM stereo standard.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34400",
"question": "what did the bbc sell out essential research into ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 171,
"text": "acoustics and programme level and noise measurement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34401",
"question": "what was the bbc responsible for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 280,
"text": "NICAM stereo standard"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In recent decades, a number of additional channels and radio stations have been launched: Radio 5 was launched in 1990, as a sports and educational station, but was replaced in 1994, with Radio 5 Live, following the success of the Radio 4 service to cover the 1991 Gulf War. The new station would be a news and sport station. In 1997, BBC News 24, a rolling news channel, launched on digital television services and the following year, BBC Choice launched as the third general entertainment channel from the BBC. The BBC also purchased The Parliamentary Channel, which was renamed BBC Parliament. In 1999, BBC Knowledge launched as a multi media channel, with services available on the newly launched BBC Text digital teletext service, and on BBC Online. The channel had an educational aim, which was modified later on in its life to offer documentaries.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34402",
"question": "when was radio 5 live launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "1990"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34403",
"question": "when was radio 5 live ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34404",
"question": "what was replaced in 1994 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 188,
"text": "Radio 5 Live"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34405",
"question": "what war was replaced by radio 5 live in 1994 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 260,
"text": "1991 Gulf War"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34406",
"question": "what channel did the bbc use ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 536,
"text": "The Parliamentary Channel"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34407",
"question": "what was the name of the parliamentary channel purchased by the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 581,
"text": "BBC Parliament"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34408",
"question": "in what year did bbc release a multi media channel ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 600,
"text": "1999"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2002, several television and radio channels were reorganised. BBC Knowledge was replaced by BBC Four and became the BBC's arts and documentaries channel. CBBC, which had been a programming strand as Children's BBC since 1985, was split into CBBC and CBeebies, for younger children, with both new services getting a digital channel: the CBBC Channel and CBeebies Channel. In addition to the television channels, new digital radio stations were created: 1Xtra, 6 Music and BBC7. BBC 1Xtra was a sister station to Radio 1 and specialised in modern black music, BBC 6 Music specialised in alternative music genres and BBC7 specialised in archive, speech and children's programming.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34409",
"question": "in what year were television and radio channels reorganised ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34410",
"question": "who replaced bbc knowledge ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "BBC Four"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34411",
"question": "in what year did children become children 's bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "1985"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34412",
"question": "what was the name of the digital channel in new haven ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 335,
"text": "the CBBC Channel and CBeebies Channel"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34413",
"question": "what were new digital radio stations created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 455,
"text": "1Xtra, 6 Music and BBC7"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The following few years resulted in repositioning of some of the channels to conform to a larger brand: in 2003, BBC Choice was replaced by BBC Three, with programming for younger generations and shocking real life documentaries, BBC News 24 became the BBC News Channel in 2008, and BBC Radio 7 became BBC Radio 4 Extra in 2011, with new programmes to supplement those broadcast on Radio 4. In 2008, another channel was launched, BBC Alba, a Scottish Gaelic service.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34414",
"question": "in what year was bbc choice replaced by bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 107,
"text": "2003"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34415",
"question": "who replaced bbc choice in 2003 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 140,
"text": "BBC Three"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34416",
"question": "when was the bbc news channel replaced by bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "2008"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34417",
"question": "what was the name of the bbc radio 4 extra in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 283,
"text": "BBC Radio 7"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34418",
"question": "what was bbc radio 7 in 2011 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "BBC Radio 4 Extra"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "During this decade, the corporation began to sell off a number of its operational divisions to private owners; BBC Broadcast was spun off as a separate company in 2002, and in 2005. it was sold off to Australian-based Macquarie Capital Alliance Group and Macquarie Bank Limited and rebranded Red Bee Media. The BBC's IT, telephony and broadcast technology were brought together as BBC Technology Ltd in 2001, and the division was later sold to the German engineering and electronics company Siemens IT Solutions and Services (SIS). SIS was subsequently acquired from Siemens by the French company Atos. Further divestments in this decade included BBC Books (sold to Random House in 2006); BBC Outside Broadcasts Ltd (sold in 2008. to Satellite Information Services); Costumes and Wigs (stock sold in 2008 to Angels The Costumiers); and BBC Magazines (sold to Immediate Media Company in 2011). After the sales of OBs and costumes, the remainder of BBC Resources was reorganised as BBC Studios and Post Production, which continues today as a wholly owned subsidiary of the BBC.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34419",
"question": "in what year was bbc broadcast off a number of divisions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 163,
"text": "2002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34420",
"question": "who was the corporation sold off to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 218,
"text": "Macquarie Capital Alliance Group and Macquarie Bank Limited"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34421",
"question": "what was the name of the media corporation that sold the corporation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 292,
"text": "Red Bee Media"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34422",
"question": "in what year was bbc technology ltd ltd ltd ltd ltd brought together ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 403,
"text": "2001"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The 2004 Hutton Inquiry and the subsequent Report raised questions about the BBC's journalistic standards and its impartiality. This led to resignations of senior management members at the time including the then Director General, Greg Dyke. In January 2007, the BBC released minutes of the board meeting which led to Greg Dyke's resignation.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34423",
"question": "in what year was the hutton inquiry raised ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "2004"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34424",
"question": "who was the director of the director ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 231,
"text": "Greg Dyke"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34425",
"question": "when did the bbc released minutes of the board meeting ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 245,
"text": "January 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34426",
"question": "what was the name of the bbc board 's minutes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 318,
"text": "Greg Dyke's resignation"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Unlike the other departments of the BBC, the BBC World Service was funded by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, more commonly known as the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting the interests of the United Kingdom abroad.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34427",
"question": "who funded the bbc world service ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "the Foreign and Commonwealth Office"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34428",
"question": "what is more commonly known as the foreign office ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "The Foreign and Commonwealth Office"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34429",
"question": "what is the british government responsible for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "the Foreign Office or the FCO"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34430",
"question": "what is the british government responsible for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 258,
"text": "promoting the interests of the United Kingdom abroad"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 2006, BBC HD launched as an experimental service, and became official in December 2007. The channel broadcast HD simulcasts of programmes on BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three and BBC Four as well as repeats of some older programmes in HD. In 2010, an HD simulcast of BBC One launched: BBC One HD. The channel uses HD versions of BBC One's schedule and uses upscaled versions of programmes not currently produced in HD. The BBC HD channel closed in March 2013 and was replaced by BBC2 HD in the same month.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34431",
"question": "when was bbc hd launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "2006"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34432",
"question": "when was bbc hd launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 76,
"text": "December 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34433",
"question": "who was launched in 2010 in 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "BBC One HD"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34434",
"question": "when was the bbc hd channel closed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 445,
"text": "March 2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34435",
"question": "who replaced the bbc hd channel ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 476,
"text": "BBC2 HD"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 18 October 2007, BBC Director General Mark Thompson announced a controversial plan to make major cuts and reduce the size of the BBC as an organisation. The plans included a reduction in posts of 2,500; including 1,800 redundancies, consolidating news operations, reducing programming output by 10% and selling off the flagship Television Centre building in London. These plans have been fiercely opposed by unions, who have threatened a series of strikes; however, the BBC have stated that the cuts are essential to move the organisation forward and concentrate on increasing the quality of programming.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34436",
"question": "when did thompson thompson mark thompson cuts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "18 October 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34437",
"question": "who announced a controversial plan to make major cuts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 20,
"text": "BBC Director General Mark Thompson"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34438",
"question": "what was the posts of the plans in london ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 199,
"text": "2,500"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34439",
"question": "what is the plans of the plans of news operations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 216,
"text": "1,800"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34440",
"question": "what percentage of programming output is programming output ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 298,
"text": "10%"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "On 20 October 2010, the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne announced that the television licence fee would be frozen at its current level until the end of the current charter in 2016. The same announcement revealed that the BBC would take on the full cost of running the BBC World Service and the BBC Monitoring service from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and partially finance the Welsh broadcaster S4C.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34441",
"question": "when did the chancellor of the exchequer announce that the television licence fee would be frozen ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "20 October 2010"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34442",
"question": "who announced that the television licence would be frozen ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 24,
"text": "Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34443",
"question": "in what year did the current charter take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 186,
"text": "2016"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34444",
"question": "what office did the bbc monitoring service from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 337,
"text": "Foreign and Commonwealth Office"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Further cuts were announced on 6 October 2011, so the BBC could reach a total reduction in their budget of 20%, following the licence fee freeze in October 2010, which included cutting staff by 2,000 and sending a further 1,000 to the MediaCityUK development in Salford, with BBC Three moving online only in 2016, the sharing of more programmes between stations and channels, sharing of radio news bulletins, more repeats in schedules, including the whole of BBC Two daytime and for some original programming to be reduced. BBC HD was closed on 26 March 2013, and replaced with an HD simulcast of BBC Two; however, flagship programmes, other channels and full funding for CBBC and CBeebies would be retained. Numerous BBC facilities have been sold off, including New Broadcasting House on Oxford Road in Manchester. Many major departments have been relocated to Broadcasting House and MediaCityUK, particularly since the closure of BBC Television Centre in March 2013. The cuts inspired campaigns, petitions and protests such as SaveBBC3 and SaveOurBBC, which have built a following of hundreds of thousands of individuals concerned about the changes.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34445",
"question": "when were the bbc cuts ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "6 October 2011"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34446",
"question": "what was the budget of the bbc 's budget ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 107,
"text": "20%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34447",
"question": "in what year was bbc three moving online ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "2016"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34448",
"question": "when was bbc hd closed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 545,
"text": "26 March 2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34449",
"question": "when was the closure of bbc television centre ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 957,
"text": "March 2013"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC is a statutory corporation, independent from direct government intervention, with its activities being overseen by the BBC Trust (formerly the Board of Governors). General management of the organization is in the hands of a Director-General, appointed by the Trust; who is the BBC's Editor-in-Chief and chairs the Executive Board.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34450",
"question": "who overseen the bbc activities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 123,
"text": "the BBC Trust"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34451",
"question": "what is the name of the bbc trust ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 147,
"text": "the Board of Governors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34452",
"question": "what is the general management of the organization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 232,
"text": "Director-General"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34453",
"question": "who appointed the general management of the organization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 263,
"text": "the Trust"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34454",
"question": "what is the trust ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 281,
"text": "the BBC's Editor-in-Chief and chairs the Executive Board"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC operates under a Royal Charter. The current Charter came into effect on 1 January 2007 and runs until 31 December 2016. Each successive Royal Charter is reviewed before a new one is granted, i.e. every 10\u00a0years.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34455",
"question": "what is the bbc operates under ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "Royal Charter"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34456",
"question": "when did the current charter begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "1 January 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34457",
"question": "when did the current charter begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 110,
"text": "31 December 2016"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34458",
"question": "how long is each successive royal charter ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 204,
"text": "every 10\u00a0years"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The 2007 Charter specifies that the mission of the Corporation is to \"inform, educate and entertain\". It states that the Corporation exists to serve the public interest and to promote its public purposes: sustaining citizenship and civil society, promoting education and learning, stimulating creativity and cultural excellence, representing the UK, its nations, regions and communities, bringing the UK to the world and the world to the UK, helping to deliver to the public the benefit of emerging communications technologies and services, and taking a leading role in the switchover to digital television.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34459",
"question": "in what year was the mission of the corporation to `` inform , educate and entertain '' published ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34460",
"question": "what is the mission of the 2007 charter ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 70,
"text": "inform, educate and entertain\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "34461",
"question": "what are some of the corporation 's public purposes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 216,
"text": "citizenship and civil society, promoting education and learning, stimulating creativity and cultural excellence"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The 2007 Charter made the largest change in the governance of the Corporation since its inception. It abolished the sometimes controversial governing body, the Board of Governors, replacing it with the sometimes controversial BBC Trust and a formalized Executive Board.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34462",
"question": "when was the largest change in the governance of the corporation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34463",
"question": "what was the name of the governing body ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "the Board of Governors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34464",
"question": "what was the name of the governing body of governors ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "the sometimes controversial BBC Trust and a formalized Executive Board"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Under the Royal Charter, the BBC must obtain a licence from the Home Secretary. This licence is accompanied by an agreement which sets the terms and conditions under which BBC is allowed to broadcast. It was under this Licence and Agreement (and the Broadcasting Act 1981) that the Sinn F\u00e9in broadcast ban from 1988 to 1994 was implemented.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34465",
"question": "what must the bbc do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "the BBC must obtain a licence from the Home Secretary"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34466",
"question": "what was the name of the agreement that the sinn f\u00e9in broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "Licence and Agreement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34467",
"question": "what was the name of the act that the sinn f\u00e9in broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 246,
"text": "the Broadcasting Act 1981"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34468",
"question": "when was the sinn f\u00e9in broadcast ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 311,
"text": "1988 to 1994"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC Trust was formed on 1 January 2007, replacing the Board of Governors as the governing body of the Corporation. The Trust sets the strategy for the corporation, assesses the performance of the BBC Executive Board in delivering the BBC's services, and appoints the Director-General.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34469",
"question": "when was the bbc trust formed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 28,
"text": "1 January 2007"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34470",
"question": "what was the bbc trust formed by ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 54,
"text": "the Board of Governors as the governing body of the Corporation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34471",
"question": "what is the name of the bbc 's board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 200,
"text": "BBC Executive Board"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34472",
"question": "what is the name of the bbc executive board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 271,
"text": "Director-General"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "BBC Trustees are appointed by the British monarch on advice of government ministers. There are twelve trustees, led by Chairman Rona Fairhead who was appointed on 31 August 2014 and vice-chairman Sir Roger Carr. There are trustees for the four nations of the United Kingdom; England (Mark Florman), Scotland (Bill Matthews), Wales (Elan Closs Stephens) and Northern Ireland (Aideen McGinley). The remaining trustees are Sonita Alleyne, Richard Ayre, Mark Damazer, Nicholas Prettejohn, Suzanna Taverne and Lord Williams.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34473",
"question": "who was the chairman of the trustees in august 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "Chairman Rona Fairhead"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34474",
"question": "when was the chairman of chairman appointed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 163,
"text": "31 August 2014"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34475",
"question": "who was the chairman of chairman in august 2014 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "Sir Roger Carr"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Executive Board meets once per month and is responsible for operational management and delivery of services within a framework set by the BBC Trust, and is headed by the Director-General, currently Tony Hall. The Executive Board consists of both Executive and Non-Executive directors, with non-executive directors being sourced from other companies and corporations and being appointed by the BBC Trust. The executive board is made up of the Director General as well as the head of each of the main BBC divisions. These at present are:\nThe board shares some of its responsibilities to four sub-committees including: Audit, Fair Trading, Nominations and Remuneration.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34476",
"question": "who headed tony hall ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 170,
"text": "the Director-General"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34477",
"question": "what is the name of the executive board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 202,
"text": "Tony Hall"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34478",
"question": "who are the executive board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 250,
"text": "Executive and Non-Executive directors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34479",
"question": "what are some of the four sub-committees responsibilities ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 620,
"text": "Audit, Fair Trading, Nominations and Remuneration"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "It is also supported by a number of management groups within the BBC, including the BBC Management Board, the Finance and Business committee, and boards at the Group level, such as Radio and Television. The boards of BBC Worldwide support and BBC Commercial Holdings along with the Executive Board on commercial matters.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34480",
"question": "what are the names of the bbc 's management groups ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 84,
"text": "BBC Management Board, the Finance and Business committee"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34481",
"question": "what are the two boards that are supported by the bbc management board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 181,
"text": "Radio and Television"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34482",
"question": "along with the executive board of bbc , what type of holdings did the bbc use ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "BBC Commercial Holdings"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The management board is responsible for managing pan-BBC issues delegated to it from the executive board and ensures that the corporation meets its strategic objectives, the board meets three times per month. Current members include:\nThe Corporation is headed by Executive Board, which has overall control of the management and running on the BBC. Below this is the BBC Management board, which deals with inter departmental issues and any other tasks which the Executive board has delegated to it. Below the BBC Management board are the following six major divisions covering all the BBC's output:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34483",
"question": "how long does it take for the board of the board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 170,
"text": "the board meets three times per month"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34484",
"question": "who headed the corporation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 263,
"text": "Executive Board"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34485",
"question": "how many major divisions are in the bbc management board ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 547,
"text": "six"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC has the second largest budget of any UK-based broadcaster with an operating expenditure of \u00a34.722\u00a0billion in 2013/14 compared to \u00a36.471\u00a0billion for British Sky Broadcasting in 2013/14 and \u00a31.843\u00a0billion for ITV in calendar year 2013.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34486",
"question": "what is the operating expenditure of the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 99,
"text": "\u00a34.722"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34487",
"question": "how much money does the bbc have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "\u00a36.471"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34488",
"question": "how much money does the bbc get for itv in 2013 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 196,
"text": "\u00a31.843"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The principal means of funding the BBC is through the television licence, costing \u00a3145.50 per year per household since April 2010. Such a licence is required to legally receive broadcast television across the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. No licence is required to own a television used for other means, or for sound only radio sets (though a separate licence for these was also required for non-TV households until 1971). The cost of a television licence is set by the government and enforced by the criminal law. A discount is available for households with only black-and-white television sets. A 50% discount is also offered to people who are registered blind or severely visually impaired, and the licence is completely free for any household containing anyone aged 75 or over. As a result of the UK Government's recent spending review, an agreement has been reached between the government and the corporation in which the current licence fee will remain frozen at the current level until the Royal Charter is renewed at the beginning of 2017.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34489",
"question": "how much did the bbc spend since april 2010 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 82,
"text": "\u00a3145.50 per year per household"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34490",
"question": "what is a licence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "to legally receive broadcast television across the UK, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34491",
"question": "what percentage of discount is offered to people who are registered blind ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 614,
"text": "50%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34492",
"question": "when was the royal charter renewed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1057,
"text": "2017"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The revenue is collected privately and is paid into the central government Consolidated Fund, a process defined in the Communications Act 2003. The BBC pursues its licence fee collection and enforcement under the trading name \"TV Licensing\". \"TV Licensing\" collection is currently carried out by Capita, an outside agency. Funds are then allocated by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and the Treasury and approved by Parliament via legislation. Additional revenues are paid by the Department for Work and Pensions to compensate for subsidised licences for eligible over-75-year-olds.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34493",
"question": "what is the name of the process that is paid in the communications act ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 75,
"text": "Consolidated Fund"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34494",
"question": "what act is the central government consolidated in ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "Communications Act 2003"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34495",
"question": "what is the trading name for the bbc 's licence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 227,
"text": "TV Licensing"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34496",
"question": "who allocated funds via parliament ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 355,
"text": "Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and the Treasury"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The licence fee is classified as a tax, and its evasion is a criminal offence. Since 1991, collection and enforcement of the licence fee has been the responsibility of the BBC in its role as TV Licensing Authority. Thus, the BBC is a major prosecuting authority in England and Wales and an investigating authority in the UK as a whole. The BBC carries out surveillance (mostly using subcontractors) on properties (under the auspices of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000) and may conduct searches of a property using a search warrant. According to the BBC, \"more than 204,000 people in the UK were caught watching TV without a licence during the first six months of 2012.\" Licence fee evasion makes up around one tenth of all cases prosecuted in magistrate courts.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34497",
"question": "in what year was the responsibility of the bbc in its role ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 85,
"text": "1991"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34498",
"question": "what is the bbc 's role in the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 191,
"text": "TV Licensing Authority"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34499",
"question": "what is the bbc 's surveillance surveillance ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 383,
"text": "subcontractors"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34500",
"question": "what is the bbc 's bbc act ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 440,
"text": "Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34501",
"question": "how many people were in the uk in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 581,
"text": "204,000"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Income from commercial enterprises and from overseas sales of its catalogue of programmes has substantially increased over recent years, with BBC Worldwide contributing some \u00a3145\u00a0million to the BBC's core public service business.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34502",
"question": "how much did bbc spend to the bbc 's core public service ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 174,
"text": "\u00a3145\u00a0million"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "According to the BBC's 2013/14 Annual Report, its total income was \u00a35 billion (\u00a35.066 billion), which can be broken down as follows:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34503",
"question": "what is the name of the annual annual report in the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 23,
"text": "2013/14"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34504",
"question": "what was the total income in the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "\u00a35 billion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34505",
"question": "what was the total amount of income in the bbc ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 79,
"text": "\u00a35.066 billion"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The licence fee has, however, attracted criticism. It has been argued that in an age of multi stream, multi-channel availability, an obligation to pay a licence fee is no longer appropriate. The BBC's use of private sector company Capita Group to send letters to premises not paying the licence fee has been criticised, especially as there have been cases where such letters have been sent to premises which are up to date with their payments, or do not require a TV licence.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34506",
"question": "what is an example of a obligation to pay a licence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 102,
"text": "multi-channel availability"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34507",
"question": "what happens to multi stream ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "an obligation to pay a licence fee is no longer appropriate"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34508",
"question": "what is the bbc 's use of private sector ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 231,
"text": "Capita Group to send letters to premises not paying the licence fee has been criticised"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The BBC uses advertising campaigns to inform customers of the requirement to pay the licence fee. Past campaigns have been criticised by Conservative MP Boris Johnson and former MP Ann Widdecombe, for having a threatening nature and language used to scare evaders into paying. Audio clips and television broadcasts are used to inform listeners of the BBC's comprehensive database. There are a number of pressure groups campaigning on the issue of the licence fee.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "34509",
"question": "what does the bbc use advertising campaigns to do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 38,
"text": "inform customers of the requirement to pay the licence fee"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34510",
"question": "who criticised past campaigns ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "Conservative MP Boris Johnson and former MP Ann Widdecombe"
}
]
},
{
"id": "34511",
"question": "what is the purpose of audio clips ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 327,
"text": "inform listeners of the BBC's comprehensive database"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The majority of the BBC's commercial output comes from its commercial arm BBC Worldwide who sell programmes abroad and exploit key brands for merchandise. Of their 2012/13 sales, 27% were centred on the five key 'superbrands' of \"Doctor Who\", \"Top Gear\", \"Strictly Come Dancing\" (known as \"Dancing with the Stars\" internationally), the BBC's archive of natural history programming (collected under the umbrella of BBC Earth) and the, now sold, travel guide brand Lonely Planet.
\nHaving subscribed to a common program of purposes and principles embodied in the Joint Declaration of the President of the United States of America and the Prime Minister of Great Britain dated August 14, 1941, known as the Atlantic Charter,\n
\nBeing convinced that complete victory over their enemies is essential to defend life, liberty, independence and religious freedom, and to preserve human rights and justice in their own lands as well as in other lands, and that they are now engaged in a common struggle against savage and brutal forces seeking to subjugate the world,\n
\nDECLARE:\n
\n(1) Each Government pledges itself to employ its full resources, military or economic, against those members of the Tripartite Pact and its adherents with which such government is at war.\n
\n(2) Each Government pledges itself to cooperate with the Governments signatory hereto and not to make a separate armistice or peace with the enemies.\n
\nThe foregoing declaration may be adhered to by other nations which are, or which may be, rendering material assistance and contributions in the struggle for victory over Hitlerism.\nDuring the war, the United Nations became the official term for the Allies. To join countries had to sign the Declaration and declare war on the Axis.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35299",
"question": "when was the atlantic charter dated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 633,
"text": "August 14, 1941"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The United Nations was formulated and negotiated among the delegations from the Allied Big Four (the Soviet Union, the UK, the US and China) at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944. After months of planning, the UN Conference on International Organization opened in San Francisco, 25 April 1945, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the United Nations Charter. \"The heads of the delegations of the sponsoring countries took turns as chairman of the plenary meetings: Anthony Eden, of Britain, Edward Stettinius, of the United States, T. V. Soong, of China, and Vyacheslav Molotov, of the Soviet Union. At the later meetings, Lord Halifax deputized for Mr. Eden, Wellington Koo for T. V. Soong, and Mr Gromyko for Mr. Molotov.\" The UN officially came into existence 24 October 1945, upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council\u2014France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the UK and the US\u2014and by a majority of the other 46 signatories.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35300",
"question": "what was the delegations of the soviet union ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 80,
"text": "Allied Big Four"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35301",
"question": "what was the name of the conference that negotiated the united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 148,
"text": "Dumbarton Oaks Conference"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35302",
"question": "in what year was the oaks conference negotiated ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "1944"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35303",
"question": "when did the un conference open in san francisco ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "25 April 1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35304",
"question": "how many governments were attended by the un conference ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 309,
"text": "50"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35305",
"question": "when did the un officially become existence of the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 824,
"text": "24 October 1945"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council took place in London beginning 6 January 1946. The General Assembly selected New York City as the site for the headquarters of the United Nations, and the facility was completed in 1952. Its site\u2014like UN headquarters buildings in Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi\u2014is designated as international territory. The Norwegian Foreign Minister, Trygve Lie, was elected as the first UN Secretary-General.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35306",
"question": "how many nations represented the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 49,
"text": "51"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35307",
"question": "when did the security council take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 129,
"text": "6 January 1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35308",
"question": "what was the name of the general assembly for the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 175,
"text": "New York City"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35309",
"question": "when was the facility completed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 279,
"text": "1952"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35310",
"question": "where is un headquarters located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 328,
"text": "Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35311",
"question": "what was the first un secretary-general ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 430,
"text": "Trygve Lie"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35312",
"question": "who was the first un foreign minister ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 467,
"text": "UN Secretary-General"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Though the UN's primary mandate was peacekeeping, the division between the US and USSR often paralysed the organization, generally allowing it to intervene only in conflicts distant from the Cold War. (A notable exception was a Security Council resolution in 1950 authorizing a US-led coalition to repel the North Korean invasion of South Korea, passed in the absence of the USSR.) In 1947, the General Assembly approved a resolution to partition Palestine, approving the creation of the state of Israel. Two years later, Ralph Bunche, a UN official, negotiated an armistice to the resulting conflict. In 1956, the first UN peacekeeping force was established to end the Suez Crisis; however, the UN was unable to intervene against the USSR's simultaneous invasion of Hungary following that country's revolution.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35313",
"question": "in what year was a security council resolution passed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 259,
"text": "1950"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35314",
"question": "when did the general assembly approved a resolution to partition palestine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 385,
"text": "1947"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35315",
"question": "who negotiated an armistice to the conflict ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 522,
"text": "Ralph Bunche"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35316",
"question": "when was the first un peacekeeping force established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 605,
"text": "1956"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1960, the UN deployed United Nations Operation in the Congo (UNOC), the largest military force of its early decades, to bring order to the breakaway State of Katanga, restoring it to the control of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by 1964. While travelling to meet with rebel leader Moise Tshombe during the conflict, Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld, often named as one of the UN's most effective Secretaries-General, died in a plane crash; months later he was posthumously awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1964, Hammarskj\u00f6ld's successor, U Thant, deployed the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, which would become one of the UN's longest-running peacekeeping missions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35317",
"question": "in what year did the un deployed united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1960"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35318",
"question": "in what year did the un operation of the congo end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 241,
"text": "1964"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35319",
"question": "who was the rebel leader during the conflict ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 290,
"text": "Moise Tshombe"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35320",
"question": "who died in a plane crash ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35321",
"question": "what was awarded in a plane crash ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 478,
"text": "Nobel Peace Prize"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35322",
"question": "when was the united nations peacekeeping force deployed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 500,
"text": "1964"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With the spread of decolonization in the 1960s, the organization's membership saw an influx of newly independent nations. In 1960 alone, 17 new states joined the UN, 16 of them from Africa. On 25 October 1971, with opposition from the United States, but with the support of many Third World nations, the mainland, communist People's Republic of China was given the Chinese seat on the Security Council in place of the Republic of China that occupied Taiwan; the vote was widely seen as a sign of waning US influence in the organization. Third World nations organized into the Group of 77 coalition under the leadership of Algeria, which briefly became a dominant power at the UN. In 1975, a bloc comprising the USSR and Third World nations passed a resolution, over strenuous US and Israeli opposition, declaring Zionism to be racism; the resolution was repealed in 1991, shortly after the end of the Cold War.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35323",
"question": "how many new states died in 1960 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 137,
"text": "17"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35324",
"question": "how many new states died in africa in 1960 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 166,
"text": "16"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35325",
"question": "when was the chinese seat on the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 193,
"text": "25 October 1971"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35326",
"question": "how many coalition briefly were organized by third world nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 585,
"text": "77"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35327",
"question": "in what year was the resolution repealed in 1991 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 683,
"text": "1975"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35328",
"question": "when was the resolution repealed in 1975 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 866,
"text": "1991"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With an increasing Third World presence and the failure of UN mediation in conflicts in the Middle East, Vietnam, and Kashmir, the UN increasingly shifted its attention to its ostensibly secondary goals of economic development and cultural exchange. By the 1970s, the UN budget for social and economic development was far greater than its peacekeeping budget.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35329",
"question": "where did the failure of un mediation in conflicts occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 92,
"text": "Middle East, Vietnam, and Kashmir"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35330",
"question": "when was the un budget for social and economic development ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 257,
"text": "1970s"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After the Cold War, the UN saw a radical expansion in its peacekeeping duties, taking on more missions in ten years than it had in the previous four decades. Between 1988 and 2000, the number of adopted Security Council resolutions more than doubled, and the peacekeeping budget increased more than tenfold. The UN negotiated an end to the Salvadoran Civil War, launched a successful peacekeeping mission in Namibia, and oversaw democratic elections in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Khmer Rouge Cambodia. In 1991, the UN authorized a US-led coalition that repulsed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Brian Urquhart, Under-Secretary-General from 1971 to 1985, later described the hopes raised by these successes as a \"false renaissance\" for the organization, given the more troubled missions that followed.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35331",
"question": "what war did the un lose an end to ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 340,
"text": "Salvadoran Civil War"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35332",
"question": "in what year did the un coalition the iraqi invasion take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 515,
"text": "1991"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Though the UN Charter had been written primarily to prevent aggression by one nation against another, in the early 1990s the UN faced a number of simultaneous, serious crises within nations such as Somalia, Haiti, Mozambique, and the former Yugoslavia. The UN mission in Somalia was widely viewed as a failure after the US withdrawal following casualties in the Battle of Mogadishu, and the UN mission to Bosnia faced \"worldwide ridicule\" for its indecisive and confused mission in the face of ethnic cleansing. In 1994, the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda failed to intervene in the Rwandan Genocide amid indecision in the Security Council.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35333",
"question": "which three nations were written in the early 1990s ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 198,
"text": "Somalia, Haiti, Mozambique, and the former Yugoslavia"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35334",
"question": "in what battle was the un mission in somalia viewed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 362,
"text": "Battle of Mogadishu"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35335",
"question": "in what year did the united nations assistance mission for the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 515,
"text": "1994"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Beginning in the last decades of the Cold War, American and European critics of the UN condemned the organization for perceived mismanagement and corruption. In 1984, the US President, Ronald Reagan, withdrew his nation's funding from UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, founded 1946) over allegations of mismanagement, followed by Britain and Singapore. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Secretary-General from 1992 to 1996, initiated a reform of the Secretariat, reducing the size of the organization somewhat. His successor, Kofi Annan (1997\u20132006), initiated further management reforms in the face of threats from the United States to withhold its UN dues.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35336",
"question": "in what year did ronald reagan leave 1946 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 161,
"text": "1984"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35337",
"question": "who founded 1946 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 185,
"text": "Ronald Reagan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35338",
"question": "what was unesco 's name ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 247,
"text": "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35339",
"question": "in what year did the united nations educational , scientific and cultural organization merge ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 321,
"text": "1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35340",
"question": "which two countries did the united nations educational , scientific and cultural organization merge by ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 374,
"text": "Britain and Singapore"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In the late 1990s and 2000s, international interventions authorized by the UN took a wider variety of forms. The UN mission in the Sierra Leone Civil War of 1991\u20132002 was supplemented by British Royal Marines, and the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 was overseen by NATO.In 2003, the United States invaded Iraq despite failing to pass a UN Security Council resolution for authorization, prompting a new round of questioning of the organization's effectiveness. Under the current Secretary-General, Ban Ki-moon, the UN has intervened with peacekeepers in crises including the War in Darfur in Sudan and the Kivu conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo and sent observers and chemical weapons inspectors to the Syrian Civil War. In 2013, an internal review of UN actions in the final battles of the Sri Lankan Civil War in 2009 concluded that the organization had suffered \"systemic failure\". One hundred and one UN personnel died in the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the worst loss of life in the organization's history.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35341",
"question": "what was the name of the war in which the un mission was supplemented ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 131,
"text": "Sierra Leone Civil War of 1991\u20132002"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35342",
"question": "who supplemented the un mission in the sierra leone civil war ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 187,
"text": "British Royal Marines"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35343",
"question": "what year was the invasion of afghanistan ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 266,
"text": "NATO.In 2003"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Millennium Summit was held in 2000 to discuss the U.N.'s role in the 21st century. The three day meeting was the largest gathering of world leaders in history, and culminated in the adoption by all member states of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a commitment to achieve international development in areas such as poverty reduction, gender equality, and public health. Progress towards these goals, which were to be met by 2015, was ultimately uneven. The 2005 World Summit reaffirmed the U.N.'s focus on promoting development, peacekeeping, human rights, and global security. The Sustainable Development Goals were launched in 2015 to succeed the Millennium Development Goals. In addition to addressing global challenges, the U.N. has sought to improve its accountability and democratic legitimacy by engaging more with civil society and fostering a global constituency. In an effort to enhance transparency, in 2016 the organization held its first public debate between candidates for Secretary-General.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35344",
"question": "when was the millennium summit held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 34,
"text": "2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35345",
"question": "what was the largest gathering of world leaders ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 223,
"text": "Millennium Development Goals"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35346",
"question": "what were the largest gathering of world leaders ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 327,
"text": "poverty reduction, gender equality, and public health"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35347",
"question": "what year was the goals of progress ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 436,
"text": "2015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35348",
"question": "when were the sustainable development goals launched ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 641,
"text": "2015"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35349",
"question": "what did the sustainable development goals succeed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 661,
"text": "Millennium Development Goals"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The United Nations' system is based on five principal organs: the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice. A sixth principal organ, the Trusteeship Council, suspended operations in 1994, upon the independence of Palau, the last remaining UN trustee territory.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35350",
"question": "how many organs does the united nations ' system based on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35351",
"question": "what is another name for the united nations ' system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 106,
"text": "the Economic and Social Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35352",
"question": "what are the names of the united nations ' system ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 148,
"text": "the Secretariat, and the International Court of Justice"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35353",
"question": "when did the trusteeship council suspended ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 279,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35354",
"question": "what year did the trusteeship council , suspended operations end ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 310,
"text": "Palau"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Four of the five principal organs are located at the main UN Headquarters in New York City. The International Court of Justice is located in The Hague, while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi. Other UN institutions are located throughout the world. The six official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. On the basis of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, the UN and its agencies are immune from the laws of the countries where they operate, safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to the host and member countries.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35355",
"question": "where are four of the five principal organs located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 77,
"text": "New York City"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35356",
"question": "where is the international court of justice located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 141,
"text": "The Hague"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35357",
"question": "where are the major agencies based in the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 210,
"text": "Geneva, Vienna, and Nairobi"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35358",
"question": "what are the six official languages of the united nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 399,
"text": "Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35359",
"question": "what happens to the un and its agencies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 628,
"text": "safeguarding the UN's impartiality with regard to the host and member countries"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Below the six organs sit, in the words of the author Linda Fasulo, \"an amazing collection of entities and organizations, some of which are actually older than the UN itself and operate with almost complete independence from it\". These include specialized agencies, research and training institutions, programmes and funds, and other UN entities.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35360",
"question": "who wrote `` an amazing collection of entities '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "Linda Fasulo"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35361",
"question": "what are some of the specialized agencies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 265,
"text": "research and training institutions, programmes and funds"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The United Nations obey the \"Noblemaire principle\", which is binding on any organization that belongs to the united nations system. This principle calls for salaries that will draw and keep citizens of countries where salaries are highest, and also calls for equal pay for work of equal value independent of the employee's nationality. Staff salaries are subject to an internal tax that is administered by the UN organizations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35362",
"question": "what did the united nations obey ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 29,
"text": "Noblemaire principle"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35363",
"question": "what is the `` noblemaire principle '' binding on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 72,
"text": "any organization that belongs to the united nations system"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35364",
"question": "what is the principle calls for equal pay for work of equal value ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 157,
"text": "salaries that will draw and keep citizens of countries where salaries are highest"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35365",
"question": "what is the principle calls for salaries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 259,
"text": "equal pay for work of equal value independent of the employee's nationality"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35366",
"question": "who administered staff salaries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 406,
"text": "the UN organizations"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The General Assembly is the main deliberative assembly of the United Nations. Composed of all United Nations member states, the assembly meets in regular yearly sessions, but emergency sessions can also be called. The assembly is led by a president, elected from among the member states on a rotating regional basis, and 21 vice-presidents. The first session convened 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall Westminster in London and included representatives of 51 nations.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35367",
"question": "how many vice-presidents are there in the assembly ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 321,
"text": "21"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35368",
"question": "when was the first session convened ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 368,
"text": "10 January 1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35369",
"question": "where was the first session convened ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 391,
"text": "Methodist Central Hall Westminster"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35370",
"question": "how many nations were in the methodist central hall westminster in london ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 468,
"text": "51"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "When the General Assembly votes on important questions, a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required. Examples of important questions include recommendations on peace and security; election of members to organs; admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters. All other questions are decided by a majority vote. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security that are under consideration by the Security Council.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35371",
"question": "what is the majority of the majority of the votes on important questions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 56,
"text": "a two-thirds majority of those present and voting is required"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35372",
"question": "what are the important questions of important questions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "peace and security"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35373",
"question": "what are some of the important questions of recommendations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 229,
"text": "admission, suspension, and expulsion of members; and budgetary matters"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35374",
"question": "how are all questions decided ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 336,
"text": "a majority vote"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Draft resolutions can be forwarded to the General Assembly by eight committees:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35375",
"question": "how many committees are in the draft ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 62,
"text": "eight"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the United Nations can only make \"recommendations\" to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The decisions of the Council are known as United Nations Security Council resolutions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35376",
"question": "how is the security council charged ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "maintaining peace and security among countries"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35377",
"question": "what does the security council have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 176,
"text": "the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35378",
"question": "what is the name of the terms that has agreed to carry out decisions ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 301,
"text": "Charter Article 25"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35379",
"question": "what are the decisions of the council called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 363,
"text": "United Nations Security Council resolutions"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of five permanent members\u2014China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States\u2014and ten non-permanent members\u2014Angola (term ends 2016), Chad (2015), Chile (2015), Jordan (2015), Lithuania (2015), Malaysia (2016), New Zealand (2016), Nigeria (2015), Spain (2016), and Venezuela (2016). The five permanent members hold veto power over UN resolutions, allowing a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution, though not debate. The ten temporary seats are held for two-year terms, with member states voted in by the General Assembly on a regional basis. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35380",
"question": "how many member states is the security council made of ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "fifteen"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35381",
"question": "how many permanent members are in the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 72,
"text": "five"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35382",
"question": "what are some of the permanent members of the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 95,
"text": "China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35383",
"question": "how many members are in the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 164,
"text": "ten"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary-General, assisted by a staff of international civil servants worldwide. It provides studies, information, and facilities needed by United Nations bodies for their meetings. It also carries out tasks as directed by the Security Council, the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies.\nThe Secretary-General acts as the \"de facto\" spokesperson and leader of the UN. The position is defined in the UN Charter as the organization's \"chief administrative officer\". Article 99 of the charter states that the Secretary-General can bring to the Security Council's attention \"any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security\", a phrase that Secretaries-General since Trygve Lie have interpreted as giving the position broad scope for action on the world stage. The office has evolved into a dual role of an administrator of the UN organization and a diplomat and mediator addressing disputes between member states and finding consensus to global issues.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35384",
"question": "who headed the un secretariat ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 32,
"text": "the Secretary-General"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35385",
"question": "who assisted the un secretariat ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 67,
"text": "a staff of international civil servants worldwide"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35386",
"question": "who needed the un secretariat ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 177,
"text": "United Nations bodies for their meetings"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35387",
"question": "what are the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council, and other UN bodies"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35388",
"question": "what was the name of the secretary-general ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 393,
"text": "de facto\" spokesperson and leader of the UN"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35389",
"question": "what is the name of the un charter ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 503,
"text": "chief administrative officer"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35390",
"question": "what article states that the secretary-general can bring to the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 534,
"text": "Article 99"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Secretary-General is appointed by the General Assembly, after being recommended by the Security Council, where the permanent members have veto power. There are no specific criteria for the post, but over the years it has become accepted that the post shall be held for one or two terms of five years, that the post shall be appointed on the basis of geographical rotation, and that the Secretary-General shall not originate from one of the five permanent Security Council member states. The current Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon, who replaced Kofi Annan in 2007 and was elected for a second term to conclude at the end of 2016.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35391",
"question": "who appointed the secretary-general ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 42,
"text": "General Assembly"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35392",
"question": "who recommended the permanent members ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 87,
"text": "the Security Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35393",
"question": "what is the security council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 115,
"text": "the permanent members have veto power"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35394",
"question": "how long has the post shall be held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 273,
"text": "one or two terms of five years"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35395",
"question": "what is the post post ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 386,
"text": "the Secretary-General shall not originate from one of the five permanent Security Council member states"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35396",
"question": "who is the current secretary-general ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 524,
"text": "Ban Ki-moon"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35397",
"question": "in what year did ban ki-moon replaced kofi ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 564,
"text": "2007"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The International Court of Justice (ICJ), located in The Hague, in the Netherlands, is the primary judicial organ of the UN. Established in 1945 by the UN Charter, the Court began work in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. The ICJ is composed of 15 judges who serve 9-year terms and are appointed by the General Assembly; every sitting judge must be from a different nation.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35398",
"question": "what is the primary judicial organ of the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The International Court of Justice"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35399",
"question": "where is the international court of justice located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 53,
"text": "The Hague"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35400",
"question": "in what year was the un charter established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 140,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35401",
"question": "in what year did the un charter begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 188,
"text": "1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35402",
"question": "what was the successor to 1946 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 217,
"text": "Permanent Court of International Justice"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35403",
"question": "how many judges are in the general assembly ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 282,
"text": "15"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "It is based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, sharing the building with the Hague Academy of International Law, a private centre for the study of international law. The ICJ's primary purpose is to adjudicate disputes among states. The court has heard cases related to war crimes, illegal state interference, ethnic cleansing, and other issues. The ICJ can also be called upon by other UN organs to provide advisory opinions.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35404",
"question": "where is the palace located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 15,
"text": "the Peace Palace"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35405",
"question": "where is the peace palace located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "The Hague"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35406",
"question": "what is the private centre for the peace palace ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 76,
"text": "Hague Academy of International Law"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35407",
"question": "what is the primary purpose of the disputes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 197,
"text": "adjudicate disputes among states"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35408",
"question": "what are some of the cases of the court court ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 280,
"text": "illegal state interference, ethnic cleansing, and other issues"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35409",
"question": "what can the icj be called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 379,
"text": "other UN organs to provide advisory opinions"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) assists the General Assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development. ECOSOC has 54 members, which are elected by the General Assembly for a three-year term. The president is elected for a one-year term and chosen amongst the small or middle powers represented on ECOSOC. The council has one annual meeting in July, held in either New York or Geneva. Viewed as separate from the specialized bodies it co-ordinates, ECOSOC's functions include information gathering, advising member nations, and making recommendations. Owing to its broad mandate of co-ordinating many agencies, ECOSOC has at times been criticized as unfocused or irrelevant.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35410",
"question": "who assists the general assembly in promoting international economic and social co-operation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The Economic and Social Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35411",
"question": "how many members does the general assembly have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "54"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35412",
"question": "what is the president of the president chosen on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 341,
"text": "ECOSOC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35413",
"question": "where is the council held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 408,
"text": "New York or Geneva"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "ECOSOC's subsidiary bodies include the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, which advises UN agencies on issues relating to indigenous peoples; the United Nations Forum on Forests, which co-ordinates and promotes sustainable forest management; the United Nations Statistical Commission, which co-ordinates information-gathering efforts between agencies; and the Commission on Sustainable Development, which co-ordinates efforts between UN agencies and NGOs working towards sustainable development. ECOSOC may also grant consultative status to non-governmental organizations; by 2004, more than 2,200 organizations had received this status.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35414",
"question": "what is the name of the united states 's subsidiary ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 39,
"text": "United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35415",
"question": "what is the name of the forum that co-ordinates and promotes sustainable forest ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 160,
"text": "the United Nations Forum on Forests"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35416",
"question": "what is the name of the commission that co-ordinates efforts of sustainable development ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 264,
"text": "United Nations Statistical Commission"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35417",
"question": "what is the name of the commission that co-ordinates efforts of sustainable development ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 378,
"text": "Commission on Sustainable Development"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35418",
"question": "what type of organizations have received this status ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 610,
"text": "2,200"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN Charter stipulates that each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfil its duties. Some best-known agencies are the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization, UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), the World Bank, and the World Health Organization (WHO). The UN performs most of its humanitarian work through these agencies. Examples include mass vaccination programmes (through WHO), the avoidance of famine and malnutrition (through the work of the WFP), and the protection of vulnerable and displaced people (for example, by UNHCR).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35419",
"question": "what did the un charter announce about the primary organ ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 31,
"text": "each primary organ of the UN can establish various specialized agencies to fulfil its duties"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35420",
"question": "what are some best-known agencies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 158,
"text": "International Atomic Energy Agency, the Food and Agriculture Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35421",
"question": "what are the unesco and agriculture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 241,
"text": "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35422",
"question": "what are the names of the unesco and agriculture ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 308,
"text": "the World Bank, and the World Health Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35423",
"question": "what are the avoidance of famine ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 452,
"text": "mass vaccination programmes"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "With the addition of South Sudan 14 July 2011, there are United Nations member states, including all undisputed independent states apart from Vatican City.\nThe UN Charter outlines the rules for membership:",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35424",
"question": "what is the name of the united states member of the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 21,
"text": "South Sudan 14 July 2011"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35425",
"question": "what are all undisputed independent states in south sudan ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 57,
"text": "United Nations member states"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35426",
"question": "where are all undisputed independent states located ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 142,
"text": "Vatican City"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35427",
"question": "what outlines the rules for membership ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 156,
"text": "The UN Charter"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In addition, there are two non-member observer states of the United Nations General Assembly: the Holy See (which holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine. The Cook Islands and Niue, both states in free association with New Zealand, are full members of several UN specialized agencies and have had their \"full treaty-making capacity\" recognized by the Secretariat.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35428",
"question": "what holds sovereignty over vatican city ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 94,
"text": "the Holy See"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35429",
"question": "what does the holy see do ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 114,
"text": "holds sovereignty over Vatican City) and the State of Palestine"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35430",
"question": "what are the full members of several un specialized agencies ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 179,
"text": "The Cook Islands and Niue"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35431",
"question": "what country has their full treaty-making capacity ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 243,
"text": "New Zealand"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35432",
"question": "what type of capacity does the cook islands have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 328,
"text": "full treaty-making capacity\""
}
]
},
{
"id": "35433",
"question": "who recognized the `` full treaty-making capacity '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 371,
"text": "the Secretariat"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Group of 77 at the UN is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. Seventy-seven nations founded the organization, but by November 2013 the organization had since expanded to 133 member countries. The group was founded 15 June 1964 by the \"Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries\" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The group held its first major meeting in Algiers in 1967, where it adopted the Charter of Algiers and established the basis for permanent institutional structures.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35434",
"question": "what is the loose coalition of developing nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 13,
"text": "77"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35435",
"question": "how many nations founded the organization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 206,
"text": "Seventy-seven"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35436",
"question": "when was the organization founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 261,
"text": "November 2013"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35437",
"question": "how many member countries did the organization have ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 314,
"text": "133"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35438",
"question": "when was the group founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 358,
"text": "15 June 1964"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35439",
"question": "in what year was the charter held in algiers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 557,
"text": "1967"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN, after approval by the Security Council, sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed \"Blue Helmets\" for their distinctive gear. The peacekeeping force as a whole received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1988.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35440",
"question": "who sends the un agreements to enforce peace agreements ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 26,
"text": "the Security Council"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35441",
"question": "what are these soldiers called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 378,
"text": "Blue Helmets"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35442",
"question": "what did the peacekeeping force become in 1988 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 467,
"text": "Nobel Peace Prize"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35443",
"question": "when did the peacekeeping force become a nobel peace prize ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 488,
"text": "1988"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In September 2013, the UN had peacekeeping soldiers deployed on 15 missions. The largest was the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), which included 20,688 uniformed personnel. The smallest, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), included 42 uniformed personnel responsible for monitoring the ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir. UN peacekeepers with the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35444",
"question": "how many missions did the un soldiers deployed in 2013 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 64,
"text": "15"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35445",
"question": "what was the largest mission in the democratic republic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 97,
"text": "United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35446",
"question": "where was the stabilization mission stabilization mission ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "Democratic Republic of the Congo"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35447",
"question": "how many uniformed personnel were there in the democratic republic ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 213,
"text": "20,688"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35448",
"question": "what was the name of the group that was responsible for the united states ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 255,
"text": "United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35449",
"question": "how many uniformed personnel were there in india ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 336,
"text": "42"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35450",
"question": "who have been stationed in the middle east since 1948 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 462,
"text": "Truce Supervision Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35451",
"question": "when did the longest-running active peacekeeping mission supervision begin ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 546,
"text": "1948"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A study by the RAND Corporation in 2005 found the UN to be successful in two out of three peacekeeping efforts. It compared efforts at nation-building by the United Nations to those of the United States, and found that seven out of eight UN cases are at peace, as compared with four out of eight US cases at peace. Also in 2005, the Human Security Report documented a decline in the number of wars, genocides, and human rights abuses since the end of the Cold War, and presented evidence, albeit circumstantial, that international activism\u2014mostly spearheaded by the UN\u2014has been the main cause of the decline in armed conflict in that period. Situations in which the UN has not only acted to keep the peace but also intervened include the Korean War (1950\u201353) and the authorization of intervention in Iraq after the Gulf War (1990\u201391).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35452",
"question": "when was the rand corporation found ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 35,
"text": "2005"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35453",
"question": "how many un cases are there in peace ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 219,
"text": "seven"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35454",
"question": "how many un cases are there in peace ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 232,
"text": "eight"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35455",
"question": "when did the human security report documented a decline in the number of wars ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 323,
"text": "2005"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35456",
"question": "who has been the main cause of international activism ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 562,
"text": "the UN"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN has also drawn criticism for perceived failures. In many cases, member states have shown reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions. Disagreements in the Security Council about military action and intervention are seen as having failed to prevent the Bangladesh genocide in 1971, the Cambodian genocide in the 1970s, and the Rwandan genocide in 1994. Similarly, UN inaction is blamed for failing to either prevent the Srebrenica massacre in 1995 or complete the peacekeeping operations in 1992\u201393 during the Somali Civil War. UN peacekeepers have also been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, and sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia, Sudan and what is now South Sudan, Burundi, and Ivory Coast. Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the 2010\u201313 Haiti cholera outbreak, which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35457",
"question": "what do member states shown in many cases ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 96,
"text": "reluctance to achieve or enforce Security Council resolutions"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35458",
"question": "when did the cambodian genocide occur ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 300,
"text": "1971"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35459",
"question": "when was the genocide of the security council genocide ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 371,
"text": "1994"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35460",
"question": "when was the peacekeeping operations blamed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 515,
"text": "1992\u201393"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35461",
"question": "what was the name of the outbreak that scientists cited un peacekeepers ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 874,
"text": "2010\u201313 Haiti cholera outbreak"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In addition to peacekeeping, the UN is also active in encouraging disarmament. Regulation of armaments was included in the writing of the UN Charter in 1945 and was envisioned as a way of limiting the use of human and economic resources for their creation. The advent of nuclear weapons came only weeks after the signing of the charter, resulting in the first resolution of the first General Assembly meeting calling for specific proposals for \"the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction\". The UN has been involved with arms-limitation treaties, such as the Outer Space Treaty (1967), the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968), the Seabed Arms Control Treaty (1971), the Biological Weapons Convention (1972), the Chemical Weapons Convention (1992), and the Ottawa Treaty (1997), which prohibits landmines. Three UN bodies oversee arms proliferation issues: the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35462",
"question": "when was the un charter included ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 152,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35463",
"question": "what does the treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons represent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 634,
"text": "Outer Space Treaty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35464",
"question": "when was the outer space treaty ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 654,
"text": "1967"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35465",
"question": "what is the name of the biological weapons convention ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 728,
"text": "Seabed Arms Control Treaty"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35466",
"question": "what is the name of the treaty that the international atomic energy agency proliferation ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1059,
"text": "Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "One of the UN's primary purposes is \"promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion\", and member states pledge to undertake \"joint and separate action\" to protect these rights.\nIn 1948, the General Assembly adopted a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, drafted by a committee headed by Franklin D. Roosevelt's widow, Eleanor, and including the French lawyer Ren\u00e9 Cassin. The document proclaims basic civil, political, and economic rights common to all human beings, though its effectiveness towards achieving these ends has been disputed since its drafting. The Declaration serves as a \"common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations\" rather than a legally binding document, but it has become the basis of two binding treaties, the 1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. In practice, the UN is unable to take significant action against human rights abuses without a Security Council resolution, though it does substantial work in investigating and reporting abuses.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35467",
"question": "what is one of the un 's primary purposes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 37,
"text": "promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35468",
"question": "in what year was a universal declaration of human rights adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 280,
"text": "1948"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35469",
"question": "what was adopted by the general assembly in 1948 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 317,
"text": "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35470",
"question": "who drafted the universal declaration of human rights ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 389,
"text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35471",
"question": "who was the french lawyer in 1948 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 461,
"text": "Ren\u00e9 Cassin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35472",
"question": "what types of rights does the 1966 international covenant on ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 939,
"text": "Economic, Social and Cultural Rights"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In 1979, the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, followed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989. With the end of the Cold War, the push for human rights action took on new impetus. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights was formed in 1993 to oversee human rights issues for the UN, following the recommendation of that year's World Conference on Human Rights. Jacques Fomerand, a scholar of the UN, describes this organization's mandate as \"broad and vague\", with only \"meagre\" resources to carry it out. In 2006, it was replaced by a Human Rights Council consisting of 47 nations. Also in 2006, the General Assembly passed a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and in 2011 it passed its first resolution recognizing the rights of LGBT people.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35473",
"question": "when was the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 3,
"text": "1979"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35474",
"question": "what was the convention on the rights of the child called ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 60,
"text": "Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35475",
"question": "what followed the convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 130,
"text": "the Convention on the Rights of the Child"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35476",
"question": "when was the convention on the rights of the child created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 175,
"text": "1989"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35477",
"question": "when was the united nations commission on human rights formed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "1993"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35478",
"question": "who wrote ` broad and vague ' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 451,
"text": "Jacques Fomerand"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35479",
"question": "how many nations were replaced by the human rights council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 661,
"text": "47"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Other UN bodies responsible for women's rights issues include United Nations Commission on the Status of Women, a commission of ECOSOC founded in 1946; the United Nations Development Fund for Women, created in 1976; and the United Nations International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, founded in 1979. The United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, one of three bodies with a mandate to oversee issues related to indigenous peoples, held its first session in 2002.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35480",
"question": "when was the commission of women founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "1946"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35481",
"question": "when was the united nations development fund for women created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 210,
"text": "1976"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35482",
"question": "what is the name of the institute that founded women in 1979 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 224,
"text": "United Nations International Research and Training Institute"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35483",
"question": "when was the united nations international research and training institute founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 326,
"text": "1979"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35484",
"question": "when was the first session held ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 499,
"text": "2002"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Another primary purpose of the UN is \"to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character\". Numerous bodies have been created to work towards this goal, primarily under the authority of the General Assembly and ECOSOC. In 2000, the 192 United Nations member states agreed to achieve eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35485",
"question": "what is the primary purpose of the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 38,
"text": "to achieve international co-operation"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35486",
"question": "what is the primary purpose of the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 126,
"text": "social, cultural, or humanitarian character"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35487",
"question": "what authority have been created to work towards the goal ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 270,
"text": "General Assembly and ECOSOC"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35488",
"question": "when did the 192 united nations member states to achieve eight millennium development goals ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 302,
"text": "2000"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35489",
"question": "how many united nations states agreed to achieve eight millennium development goals ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 312,
"text": "192"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35490",
"question": "what did the 192 united nations member states to achieve in 2000 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 363,
"text": "eight Millennium Development Goals by 2015"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN Development Programme (UNDP), an organization for grant-based technical assistance founded in 1945, is one of the leading bodies in the field of international development. The organization also publishes the UN Human Development Index, a comparative measure ranking countries by poverty, literacy, education, life expectancy, and other factors. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), also founded in 1945, promotes agricultural development and food security. UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Fund) was created in 1946 to aid European children after the Second World War and expanded its mission to provide aid around the world and to uphold the Convention on the Rights of the Child.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35491",
"question": "what does undp stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 0,
"text": "The UN Development Programme"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35492",
"question": "when was the un development programme founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 101,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35493",
"question": "what is the name of the organization that is publishes by the organization ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 215,
"text": "UN Human Development Index"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35494",
"question": "what does fao stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 356,
"text": "Food and Agriculture Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35495",
"question": "when was the food and agriculture organization founded ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 413,
"text": "1945"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35496",
"question": "what does unicef stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 484,
"text": "United Nations Children's Fund"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35497",
"question": "when was unicef -lrb- the united nations children 's fund created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 531,
"text": "1946"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund (IMF) are independent, specialized agencies and observers within the UN framework, according to a 1947 agreement. They were initially formed separately from the UN through the Bretton Woods Agreement in 1944. The World Bank provides loans for international development, while the IMF promotes international economic co-operation and gives emergency loans to indebted countries.\nThe World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses on international health issues and disease eradication, is another of the UN's largest agencies. In 1980, the agency announced that the eradication of smallpox had been completed. In subsequent decades, WHO largely eradicated polio, river blindness, and leprosy. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), begun in 1996, co-ordinates the organization's response to the AIDS epidemic. The UN Population Fund, which also dedicates part of its resources to combating HIV, is the world's largest source of funding for reproductive health and family planning services.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35498",
"question": "what does imf stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 4,
"text": "World Bank Group and International Monetary Fund"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35499",
"question": "in what year was the imf bank group and international monetary fund independent ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 151,
"text": "1947"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35500",
"question": "what agreement was formed in 1944 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 229,
"text": "Bretton Woods Agreement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35501",
"question": "when was the bretton woods agreement formed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 256,
"text": "1944"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35502",
"question": "who focuses on international health issues ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 431,
"text": "The World Health Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35503",
"question": "when was the eradication of smallpox completed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 582,
"text": "1980"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35504",
"question": "what does unaids stand for ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 783,
"text": "HIV/AIDS"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Along with the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, the UN often takes a leading role in co-ordinating emergency relief. The World Food Programme (WFP), created in 1961, provides food aid in response to famine, natural disasters, and armed conflict. The organization reports that it feeds an average of 90 million people in 80 nations each year. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), established in 1950, works to protect the rights of refugees, asylum seekers, and stateless people. UNHCR and WFP programmes are funded by voluntary contributions from governments, corporations, and individuals, though the UNHCR's administrative costs are paid for by the UN's primary budget.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35505",
"question": "what is the name of the movement that has a leading role in co-ordinating ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 15,
"text": "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35506",
"question": "where is the un often takes place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 103,
"text": "co-ordinating emergency relief"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35507",
"question": "what provides food aid in 1961 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 135,
"text": "The World Food Programme"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35508",
"question": "when was the world food programme created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 178,
"text": "1961"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35509",
"question": "how many people does the un have in 80 nations ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 317,
"text": "90 million"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35510",
"question": "when was unhcr established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 448,
"text": "1950"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Since the UN's creation, over 80 colonies have attained independence. The General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples in 1960 with no votes against but abstentions from all major colonial powers. The UN works towards decolonization through groups including the UN Committee on Decolonization, created in 1962. The committee lists seventeen remaining \"Non-Self-Governing Territories\", the largest and most populous of which is Western Sahara.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35511",
"question": "how many colonies have attained independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 30,
"text": "80"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35512",
"question": "what did the general assembly adopted ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 122,
"text": "Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35513",
"question": "in what year did the general assembly adopted the declaration of independence ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 184,
"text": "1960"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35514",
"question": "what is the name of the decolonization of the un works ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 320,
"text": "the UN Committee on Decolonization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35515",
"question": "when was the un committee on decolonization created ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 367,
"text": "1962"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35516",
"question": "what is the largest and most populous of western sahara ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 414,
"text": "Non-Self-Governing Territories"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35517",
"question": "what is the name of the largest populous of the sahara ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 489,
"text": "Western Sahara"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Beginning with the formation of the UN Environmental Programme (UNEP) in 1972, the UN has made environmental issues a prominent part of its agenda. A lack of success in the first two decades of UN work in this area led to the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which sought to give new impetus to these efforts. In 1988, the UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), another UN organization, established the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which assesses and reports on research on global warming. The UN-sponsored Kyoto Protocol, signed in 1997, set legally binding emissions reduction targets for ratifying states.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35518",
"question": "what was the name of the un environmental programme in 1972 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 36,
"text": "UN Environmental Programme"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35519",
"question": "when was the un environmental programme made ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 73,
"text": "1972"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35520",
"question": "where did the 1992 earth summit take place ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 247,
"text": "Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35521",
"question": "when was the intergovernmental panel established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "1988"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35522",
"question": "what organization established the intergovernmental panel ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 348,
"text": "World Meteorological Organization"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35523",
"question": "when was the kyoto protocol signed ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 574,
"text": "1997"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN also declares and co-ordinates international observances, periods of time to observe issues of international interest or concern. Examples include World Tuberculosis Day, Earth Day, and the International Year of Deserts and Desertification.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35524",
"question": "what is the name of the periods that the un also declares to observe issues of international interest ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 25,
"text": "co-ordinates international observances"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35525",
"question": "what are some of the examples of examples of world tuberculosis ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 154,
"text": "World Tuberculosis Day, Earth Day, and the International Year of Deserts and Desertification"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The UN is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from member states. The General Assembly approves the regular budget and determines the assessment for each member. This is broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by its gross national income (GNI), with adjustments for external debt and low per capita income. The two-year budget for 2012\u201313 was $5.512 billion in total.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35526",
"question": "what is the un financed from ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 24,
"text": "assessed and voluntary contributions from member states"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35527",
"question": "what was the budget for the budget in 2012 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 394,
"text": "$5.512 billion"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "The Assembly has established the principle that the UN should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations. Thus, there is a \"ceiling\" rate, setting the maximum amount that any member can be assessed for the regular budget. In December 2000, the Assembly revised the scale of assessments in response to pressure from the United States. As part of that revision, the regular budget ceiling was reduced from 25% to 22%. For the least developed countries (LDCs), a ceiling rate of 0.01% is applied. In addition to the ceiling rates, the minimum amount assessed to any member nation (or \"floor\" rate) is set at 0.001% of the UN budget ($55,120 for the two year budget 2013-2014).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35528",
"question": "what is the principle of the un assembly ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 48,
"text": "the UN should not be unduly dependent on any one member to finance its operations"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35529",
"question": "what was the regular budget of the regular budget ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 429,
"text": "25% to 22%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35530",
"question": "what is the ceiling of countries ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 501,
"text": "0.01%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35531",
"question": "what percentage of the un budget is the minimum amount of floor ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 630,
"text": "0.001%"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35532",
"question": "what is the budget of the un budget ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 655,
"text": "$55,120"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A large share of the UN's expenditure addresses its core mission of peace and security, and this budget is assessed separately from the main organizational budget. The peacekeeping budget for the 2015\u201316 fiscal year was $8.27 billion, supporting 82,318 troops deployed in 15 missions around the world. UN peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from the regular funding scale that includes a weighted surcharge for the five permanent Security Council members, who must approve all peacekeeping operations. This surcharge serves to offset discounted peacekeeping assessment rates for less developed countries. In 2013, the top 10 providers of assessed financial contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations were the United States (28.38%), Japan (10.83%), France (7.22%), Germany (7.14%), the United Kingdom (6.68%), China (6.64%), Italy (4.45%), the Russian Federation (3.15%), Canada (2.98%), and Spain (2.97%).",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35533",
"question": "how much did the peacekeeping budget cost ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 220,
"text": "$8.27 billion"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Special UN programmes not included in the regular budget, such as UNICEF and the World Food Programme, are financed by voluntary contributions from member governments, corporations, and private individuals.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35534",
"question": "what are some of the regular un programmes ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 66,
"text": "UNICEF and the World Food Programme"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35535",
"question": "who financed unicef and the world food programme ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 119,
"text": "voluntary contributions from member governments, corporations, and private individuals"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "A number of agencies and individuals associated with the UN have won the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work. Two Secretaries-General, Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld and Kofi Annan, were each awarded the prize (in 1961 and 2001, respectively), as were Ralph Bunche (1950), a UN negotiator, Ren\u00e9 Cassin (1968), a contributor to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the US Secretary of State Cordell Hull (1945), the latter for his role in the organization's founding. Lester B. Pearson, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs, was awarded the prize in 1957 for his role in organizing the UN's first peacekeeping force to resolve the Suez Crisis. UNICEF won the prize in 1965, the International Labour Organization in 1969, the UN Peace-Keeping Forces in 1988, the International Atomic Energy Agency (which reports to the UN) in 2005, and the UN-supported Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in 2013. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was awarded in 1954 and 1981, becoming one of only two recipients to win the prize twice. The UN as a whole was awarded the prize in 2001, sharing it with Annan.\nSince its founding, there have been many calls for reform of the United Nations but little consensus on how to do so. Some want the UN to play a greater or more effective role in world affairs, while others want its role reduced to humanitarian work. There have also been numerous calls for the UN Security Council's membership to be increased, for different ways of electing the UN's Secretary-General, and for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly. Jacques Fomerand states the most enduring divide in views of the UN is \"the North\u2013South split\" between richer Northern nations and developing Southern nations. Southern nations tend to favour a more empowered UN with a stronger General Assembly, allowing them a greater voice in world affairs, while Northern nations prefer an economically laissez-faire UN that focuses on transnational threats such as terrorism.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35536",
"question": "which two secretaries-general were each awarded the prize in 1961 ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 146,
"text": "Dag Hammarskj\u00f6ld and Kofi Annan"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "After World War II, the French Committee of National Liberation was late to be recognized by the US as the government of France, and so the country was initially excluded from the conferences that created the new organization. The future French president Charles de Gaulle criticized the UN, famously calling it a \"machin\" (\"contraption\"), and was not convinced that a global security alliance would help maintain world peace, preferring direct defence treaties between countries. Throughout the Cold War, both the US and USSR repeatedly accused the UN of favouring the other. In 1953, the USSR effectively forced the resignation of Trygve Lie, the Secretary-General, through its refusal to deal with him, while in the 1950s and 1960s, a popular US bumper sticker read, \"You can't spell communism without U.N.\" In a sometimes-misquoted statement, President George W. Bush stated in February 2003 (referring to UN uncertainty towards Iraqi provocations under the Saddam Hussein regime) that \"free nations will not allow the United Nations to fade into history as an ineffective, irrelevant debating society.\" In contrast, the French President, Fran\u00e7ois Hollande, stated in 2012 that \"France trusts the United Nations. She knows that no state, no matter how powerful, can solve urgent problems, fight for development and bring an end to all crises... France wants the UN to be the centre of global governance.\" Critics such as Dore Gold, an Israeli diplomat, Robert S. Wistrich, a British scholar, Alan Dershowitz, an American legal scholar, Mark Dreyfus, an Australian politician, and the Anti-Defamation League consider UN attention to Israel's treatment of Palestinians to be excessive. In September 2015, Saudi Arabia's Faisal bin Hassan Trad has been elected Chair of the United Nations Human Rights Council panel that appoints independent experts, a move criticized by human rights groups.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35537",
"question": "what was the name of the french president that criticized the un ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 255,
"text": "Charles de Gaulle"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35538",
"question": "what did charles de gaulle call the french committee ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 315,
"text": "machin"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35539",
"question": "what was the name of the `` machin '' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 325,
"text": "contraption"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35540",
"question": "who was the faisal bin rights council ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1733,
"text": "Hassan Trad"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Critics have also accused the UN of bureaucratic inefficiency, waste, and corruption. In 1976, the General Assembly established the Joint Inspection Unit to seek out inefficiencies within the UN system. During the 1990s, the US withheld dues citing inefficiency and only started repayment on the condition that a major reforms initiative was introduced. In 1994, the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) was established by the General Assembly to serve as an efficiency watchdog. In 1994, former Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the UN to Somalia Mohamed Sahnoun published \"Somalia: The Missed Opportunities\", a book in which he analyses the reasons for the failure of the 1992 UN intervention in Somalia, showing that, between the start of the Somali civil war in 1988 and the fall of the Siad Barre regime in January 1991, the UN missed at least three opportunities to prevent major human tragedies; when the UN tried to provide humanitarian assistance, they were totally outperformed by NGOs, whose competence and dedication sharply contrasted with the UN's excessive caution and bureaucratic inefficiencies. If radical reform was not undertaken, warned Mohamed Sahnoun, then the UN would continue to respond to such crisis with inept improvisation. In 2004, the UN faced accusations that its recently ended Oil-for-Food Programme\u2014in which Iraq had been allowed to trade oil for basic needs to relieve the pressure of sanctions\u2014had suffered from widespread corruption, including billions of dollars of kickbacks. An independent inquiry created by the UN found that many of its officials had been involved, as well as raising \"significant\" questions about the role of Kojo Annan, the son of Kofi Annan.",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35541",
"question": "when was the joint inspection unit established ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 89,
"text": "1976"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35542",
"question": "what was the name of the un that the un would continue to respond to inept ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 1183,
"text": "Mohamed Sahnoun"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "In evaluating the UN as a whole, Jacques Fomerand writes that the \"accomplishments of the United Nations in the last 60 years are impressive in their own terms. Progress in human development during the 20th century has been dramatic and the UN and its agencies have certainly helped the world become a more hospitable and livable place for millions.\" Evaluating the first 50 years of the UN's history, the author Stanley Meisler writes that \"\"the United Nations never fulfilled the hopes of its founders, but it accomplished a great deal nevertheless\"\", citing its role in decolonization and its many successful peacekeeping efforts. The British historian Paul Kennedy states that while the organization has suffered some major setbacks, \"when all its aspects are considered, the UN has brought great benefits to our generation and ... will bring benefits to our children's and grandchildren's generations as well.\"",
"qas": [
{
"id": "35543",
"question": "who writes that the `` accomplishments of the united nations in the united nations in the last 60 years are impressive in their own terms . ''",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 33,
"text": "Jacques Fomerand"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35544",
"question": "how long was the `` accomplishments of the united nations ' ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 117,
"text": "60 years"
}
]
},
{
"id": "35545",
"question": "who writes that the united nations never fulfilled the hopes of its founders ?",
"answers": [
{
"answer_start": 413,
"text": "Stanley Meisler"
}
]
}
]
},
{
"context": "Other\n",
"qas": []
}
],
"title": "United Nations"
}
]
}