"""
In-process cheat sheet: CWE ↔ CAPEC ↔ MITRE ATT&CK taxonomy.

Loaded once at startup from the existing on-disk JSON files. All public lookups
are O(1) dict access. Fuzzy CWE-name matching uses rapidfuzz (WRatio scorer);
falls back to substring match if rapidfuzz is unavailable.

Sources:
  data/CTI/raw/cwe_capec_mitre_mapping.json  — CWE → {capecs, mitre_techniques}
  data/CTI/docs/attack_mappings.json          — tactic ↔ technique taxonomy
  data/knowledge_base/rag_exports/cwe_chunks.json — CWE human-readable names
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import re
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

_RE_CVE   = re.compile(r"\bCVE-\d{4}-\d{4,}\b", re.I)
_RE_CWE   = re.compile(r"\bCWE[-\s]?(\d+)\b", re.I)
_RE_CAPEC = re.compile(r"\bCAPEC[-\s]?(\d+)\b", re.I)
_RE_TECH  = re.compile(r"\bT(\d{4}(?:\.\d{3})?)\b")
_RE_TAC   = re.compile(r"\bTA(\d{4})\b")

_FUZZY_SCORE_CUTOFF = 90   # partial_ratio threshold; matches "sql injection" → CWE-89
_FUZZY_TOP_K = 3


class CheatSheet:
    """
    In-memory CWE/CAPEC/MITRE taxonomy with rapidfuzz fuzzy CWE-name matching.

    Never instantiate directly — use init_cheat_sheet() / get_cheat_sheet().
    """

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        # CWE-ID (uppercase, e.g. "CWE-79") → {capecs, mitre_techniques, mitre_description}
        self.cwe_map: dict[str, dict] = {}
        # TA0001 → [T1190, T1133, ...]
        self.tactic_to_techs: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
        # T1059 → [TA0002, ...]
        self.tech_to_tactics: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
        # "collection" → "TA0009"
        self.tactic_name_to_id: dict[str, str] = {}
        # CWE-79 → "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation"
        self.cwe_names: dict[str, str] = {}
        # lower-name → CWE-ID  (for fuzzy / substring matching)
        self._name_to_cwe: dict[str, str] = {}
        self._fuzzy_available = False

    # ── Loaders ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    def load(self, project_root: Path) -> "CheatSheet":
        self._load_cwe_map(project_root / "data/CTI/raw/cwe_capec_mitre_mapping.json")
        self._load_attack_mappings(project_root / "data/CTI/docs/attack_mappings.json")
        self._load_cwe_names(project_root / "data/knowledge_base/rag_exports/cwe_chunks.json")
        self._try_import_rapidfuzz()
        logger.info(
            "CheatSheet loaded: %d CWEs, %d tactics, %d techniques, %d CWE names, fuzzy=%s",
            len(self.cwe_map), len(self.tactic_to_techs), len(self.tech_to_tactics),
            len(self.cwe_names), self._fuzzy_available,
        )
        return self

    def _load_cwe_map(self, path: Path) -> None:
        if not path.exists():
            logger.warning("cwe_capec_mitre_mapping.json not found at %s", path)
            return
        raw: dict = json.loads(path.read_text())
        # Keys may be "CWE-79" or "79" — normalise to "CWE-XX"
        for k, v in raw.items():
            cid = k if k.upper().startswith("CWE-") else f"CWE-{k}"
            self.cwe_map[cid.upper()] = v

    def _load_attack_mappings(self, path: Path) -> None:
        if not path.exists():
            logger.warning("attack_mappings.json not found at %s", path)
            return
        data = json.loads(path.read_text())
        self.tactic_to_techs   = {k.upper(): v for k, v in data.get("tactic_to_techniques", {}).items()}
        self.tech_to_tactics   = {k.upper(): v for k, v in data.get("technique_to_tactics", {}).items()}
        self.tactic_name_to_id = {k.lower(): v.upper()
                                   for k, v in data.get("tactic_name_to_id", {}).items()}

    def _load_cwe_names(self, path: Path) -> None:
        if not path.exists():
            logger.warning("cwe_chunks.json not found at %s", path)
            return
        chunks: list = json.loads(path.read_text())
        for c in chunks:
            p = c.get("payload", {})
            cid = p.get("cwe_id", "")
            name = p.get("name", "")
            if cid and name:
                self.cwe_names[cid.upper()] = name
                self._name_to_cwe[name.lower()] = cid.upper()

    def _try_import_rapidfuzz(self) -> None:
        try:
            import rapidfuzz  # noqa: F401
            self._fuzzy_available = True
        except ImportError:
            logger.warning("rapidfuzz not available — falling back to substring CWE matching")

    # ── Public lookups (O(1)) ────────────────────────────────────────────────

    def lookup_techniques_for_cwe(self, cwe_id: str) -> list[str]:
        return self.cwe_map.get(cwe_id.upper(), {}).get("mitre_techniques", [])

    def lookup_capecs_for_cwe(self, cwe_id: str) -> list[str]:
        return self.cwe_map.get(cwe_id.upper(), {}).get("capecs", [])

    def lookup_techniques_for_tactic(self, tactic_id: str) -> list[str]:
        return self.tactic_to_techs.get(tactic_id.upper(), [])

    def lookup_tactics_for_technique(self, tech_id: str) -> list[str]:
        return self.tech_to_tactics.get(tech_id.upper(), [])

    def cwe_name(self, cwe_id: str) -> str:
        return self.cwe_names.get(cwe_id.upper(), "")

    # ── Fuzzy CWE-name matching ───────────────────────────────────────────────

    def fuzzy_match_cwe(
        self,
        query: str,
        k: int = _FUZZY_TOP_K,
        score_cutoff: int = _FUZZY_SCORE_CUTOFF,
    ) -> list[dict]:
        """
        Match CWE names against arbitrary query text using rapidfuzz WRatio.

        Returns [{"cwe_id": "CWE-79", "name": "...", "score": 92.3}, ...]
        sorted by score desc. Falls back to substring match when rapidfuzz
        is unavailable.
        """
        if not self._name_to_cwe:
            return []

        query_lower = query.lower()

        if self._fuzzy_available:
            from rapidfuzz import process as fz_process, fuzz

            matches = fz_process.extract(
                query_lower,
                self._name_to_cwe.keys(),
                scorer=fuzz.partial_ratio,
                limit=k,
                score_cutoff=score_cutoff,
            )
            return [
                {"cwe_id": self._name_to_cwe[m[0]], "name": m[0], "score": m[1]}
                for m in matches
            ]

        # Fallback: substring match
        results = []
        for name, cid in self._name_to_cwe.items():
            if len(name) >= 5 and name in query_lower:
                results.append({"cwe_id": cid, "name": name, "score": 75.0})
                if len(results) >= k:
                    break
        return results

    # ── Entity extraction from free text ────────────────────────────────────

    def entity_to_hints(self, text: str, max_items: int = 6) -> dict:
        """
        NER-lite + fuzzy matching over arbitrary user query text.

        Returns dict with keys: cves, cwes, capecs, techniques, tactics, name_hits.
        name_hits is a list of {"cwe_id", "name", "score"} from fuzzy CWE matching.
        """
        if not text:
            return {"cves": [], "cwes": [], "capecs": [], "techniques": [], "tactics": [], "name_hits": []}

        cves       = list(dict.fromkeys(_RE_CVE.findall(text)))[:max_items]
        cwes       = [f"CWE-{n}"  for n in dict.fromkeys(_RE_CWE.findall(text))][:max_items]
        capecs     = [f"CAPEC-{n}" for n in dict.fromkeys(_RE_CAPEC.findall(text))][:max_items]
        techniques = [f"T{n}" for n in dict.fromkeys(_RE_TECH.findall(text))][:max_items]
        tactics    = [f"TA{n}" for n in dict.fromkeys(_RE_TAC.findall(text))][:max_items]

        # Fuzzy match against sliding window of 2-5 words so partial_ratio works
        name_hits = self._fuzzy_match_windows(text, k=max_items)

        return {
            "cves":       cves,
            "cwes":       cwes,
            "capecs":     capecs,
            "techniques": techniques,
            "tactics":    tactics,
            "name_hits":  name_hits,
        }

    def _fuzzy_match_windows(self, text: str, k: int = 3) -> list[dict]:
        """
        Slide a 2-5-word window over text and fuzzy-match each window against
        CWE names. Deduplicates by cwe_id, keeps highest score per CWE.
        """
        words = re.sub(r"[^\w\s]", " ", text.lower()).split()
        seen: dict[str, dict] = {}  # cwe_id → best hit
        for size in range(2, 6):    # 2-word to 5-word windows
            for i in range(len(words) - size + 1):
                window = " ".join(words[i : i + size])
                for hit in self.fuzzy_match_cwe(window, k=k):
                    cid = hit["cwe_id"]
                    if cid not in seen or hit["score"] > seen[cid]["score"]:
                        seen[cid] = hit
        # Sort by score desc, return top-k
        return sorted(seen.values(), key=lambda h: h["score"], reverse=True)[:k]

    # ── Prompt rendering ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────

    def render_hint_block(self, hints: dict, max_cwes: int = 3, max_techs_per_cwe: int = 4) -> str:
        """
        Compact hint block for injection into rewriter / translate-symptom prompts.

        Hard-capped to avoid prompt bloat (<400 chars target).
        """
        lines: list[str] = []
        seen_cwes: set[str] = set()

        # Explicit CWE IDs from regex
        for cwe in hints.get("cwes", [])[:max_cwes]:
            self._append_cwe_line(cwe, lines, seen_cwes, max_techs_per_cwe)

        # Fuzzy name hits (if not already covered above)
        for hit in hints.get("name_hits", []):
            if len(seen_cwes) >= max_cwes:
                break
            self._append_cwe_line(hit["cwe_id"], lines, seen_cwes, max_techs_per_cwe)

        # Technique → tactic mapping
        for tech in hints.get("techniques", [])[:4]:
            tacs = self.lookup_tactics_for_technique(tech)[:2]
            if tacs:
                lines.append(f"  {tech}: tactics={tacs}")

        if not lines:
            return ""
        return "KG taxonomy hints:\n" + "\n".join(lines)

    def _append_cwe_line(
        self,
        cwe: str,
        lines: list[str],
        seen: set[str],
        max_techs: int,
    ) -> None:
        if cwe in seen:
            return
        seen.add(cwe)
        nm     = self.cwe_names.get(cwe, "")
        techs  = self.lookup_techniques_for_cwe(cwe)[:max_techs]
        capecs = self.lookup_capecs_for_cwe(cwe)[:3]
        parts  = []
        if techs:
            parts.append(f"techniques={techs}")
        if capecs:
            parts.append(f"capecs={capecs}")
        if parts:
            label = f"{cwe}({nm})" if nm else cwe
            lines.append(f"  {label}: {', '.join(parts)}")


# ── Singleton management ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────

_singleton: Optional[CheatSheet] = None


def init_cheat_sheet(project_root: Path) -> CheatSheet:
    """Load and cache the global CheatSheet singleton."""
    global _singleton
    _singleton = CheatSheet().load(Path(project_root))
    return _singleton


def get_cheat_sheet() -> Optional[CheatSheet]:
    """Return the loaded CheatSheet, or None if init_cheat_sheet was never called."""
    return _singleton