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- ---
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- license: mit
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- ---
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ ---
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+ license: mit
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+ language:
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+ - en
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+ task_categories:
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+ - image-segmentation
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+ tags:
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+ - remote-sensing
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+ - aerial-imagery
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+ - change-detection
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+ - building-change
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+ - high-resolution
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+ size_categories:
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+ - 1K<n<10K
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+ dataset_name: ValaisCD
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+ ---
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+ # ValaisCD Dataset
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+ High-Resolution Aerial Change Detection (Switzerland, 2017–2023)
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+
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+ **Project page:** https://manonbechaz.github.io/2Player/
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🗺️ Overview
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+
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+ **ValaisCD** is a high-resolution change detection dataset built from **SwissTopo SWISSIMAGE 10 cm aerial imagery**, covering several urban and peri-urban regions of the canton of *Valais*, Switzerland.
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+ It provides pairs of aerial images captured in **2017** and **2023**, along with **automatically generated building-change labels** derived from the *SwissTLM3D* topographic vector database.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📦 Data Summary
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+
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+ - **Source imagery:**
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+ - SWISSIMAGE 10 cm aerial photographs
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+ - Original resolution: **0.1 m/pixel**
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+ - Downsampled to **0.5 m/pixel** for dataset construction
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+ - **Geographic coverage:**
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+ - Martigny
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+ - Sion
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+ - Sierre
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+ - Brig
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+ (all located in the canton of Valais, Switzerland)
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+ - **Temporal coverage:**
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+ - 2017 and 2023
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+ - **Patch extraction:**
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+ - Original tiles: 10,000 × 10,000 pixels
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+ - Converted into **non-overlapping 256 × 256 pixel patches**
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+ - **Label source:**
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+ - Building-change annotations derived from the **SwissTLM3D** landscape model
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+ - Labels correspond to differences between 2017 and 2023 building footprints
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+ - **Task:** Binary change detection (building changes)
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🧹 Dataset Pruning & Quality Filtering
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+
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+ Despite the detailed SwissTLM3D vector labels, some discrepancies remain due to temporal misalignment between image capture and map updates.
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+
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+ To address this, ValaisCD introduces an **automatic pruning pipeline** that filters out mislabeled or noisy samples:
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+
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+ 1. Train a supervised CD model (**FC-Siam-Diff**) on a **development subset**.
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+ 2. Run the model on the rest of the dataset.
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+ 3. Identify samples with significant false positives or false negatives.
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+ 4. Remove these samples, under the assumption that they contain annotation errors.
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+ 5. Preserve a fixed ratio of **5% changed samples** to ensure distributional balance.
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+ 6. Apply the filtering independently to changed and unchanged samples.
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+
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+ ### 📍 Development region
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+ - **Brig** is used as the development set for training the filtering model.
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+
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+ ### 📍 Final geographic split (after pruning)
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+ - **Train:** Sion (70%)
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+ - **Validation:** Sierre (20%)
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+ - **Test:** Martigny (10%)
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+
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+ This split ensures **geographical independence** and avoids spatial leakage.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 🔍 How Pruning Quality Was Evaluated
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+
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+ Dataset quality was evaluated indirectly:
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+
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+ - Train FC-Siam-Diff models on datasets with progressively more aggressive pruning.
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+ - Evaluate all models on a fixed test set.
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+ - Observe performance trends as noisy samples are removed.
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+
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+ ### Findings:
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+
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+ - Moderate pruning **improves model performance**, confirming removal of mislabeled or ambiguous samples.
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+ - Excessive pruning **hurts performance**, due to loss of informative examples.
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+ - Optimal size for ValaisCD is **5,000 samples**, balancing label quality and dataset sufficiency.
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+
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+ This curated version (5000 samples) is the official version used in the associated paper.
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+
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+ ---
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+
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+ ## 📁 Dataset Structure
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+
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+ ValaisCD/
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+
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+ ├── train/
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+ │ ├── 2017/ # images at t0
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+ │ ├── 2023/ # images at t1
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+ │ ├── labels/ # binary change masks
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+ │ │
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl # List of images kept in different pruned versions
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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+ │ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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+
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+
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+ ├── val/
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+ │ ├── 2017/
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+ │ ├── 2023/
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+ │ ├── labels/
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+ │ │
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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+ │ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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+
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+ ├── val/
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+ │ ├── 2017/
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+ │ ├── 2023/
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+ │ ├── labels/
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+ │ │
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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+ │ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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+ │ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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+
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+
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+ └── dev/
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+ ├── 2017/
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+ ├── 2023/
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+ └── labels/
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+
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+