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README.md
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license: mit
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---
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license: mit
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language:
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- en
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task_categories:
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- image-segmentation
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tags:
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- remote-sensing
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- aerial-imagery
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- change-detection
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- building-change
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- high-resolution
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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dataset_name: ValaisCD
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---
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# ValaisCD Dataset
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High-Resolution Aerial Change Detection (Switzerland, 2017–2023)
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**Project page:** https://manonbechaz.github.io/2Player/
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---
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## 🗺️ Overview
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**ValaisCD** is a high-resolution change detection dataset built from **SwissTopo SWISSIMAGE 10 cm aerial imagery**, covering several urban and peri-urban regions of the canton of *Valais*, Switzerland.
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It provides pairs of aerial images captured in **2017** and **2023**, along with **automatically generated building-change labels** derived from the *SwissTLM3D* topographic vector database.
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---
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## 📦 Data Summary
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- **Source imagery:**
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- SWISSIMAGE 10 cm aerial photographs
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- Original resolution: **0.1 m/pixel**
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- Downsampled to **0.5 m/pixel** for dataset construction
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- **Geographic coverage:**
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- Martigny
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- Sion
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- Sierre
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- Brig
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(all located in the canton of Valais, Switzerland)
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- **Temporal coverage:**
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- 2017 and 2023
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- **Patch extraction:**
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- Original tiles: 10,000 × 10,000 pixels
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- Converted into **non-overlapping 256 × 256 pixel patches**
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- **Label source:**
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- Building-change annotations derived from the **SwissTLM3D** landscape model
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- Labels correspond to differences between 2017 and 2023 building footprints
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- **Task:** Binary change detection (building changes)
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---
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## 🧹 Dataset Pruning & Quality Filtering
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Despite the detailed SwissTLM3D vector labels, some discrepancies remain due to temporal misalignment between image capture and map updates.
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To address this, ValaisCD introduces an **automatic pruning pipeline** that filters out mislabeled or noisy samples:
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1. Train a supervised CD model (**FC-Siam-Diff**) on a **development subset**.
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2. Run the model on the rest of the dataset.
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3. Identify samples with significant false positives or false negatives.
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4. Remove these samples, under the assumption that they contain annotation errors.
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5. Preserve a fixed ratio of **5% changed samples** to ensure distributional balance.
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6. Apply the filtering independently to changed and unchanged samples.
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### 📍 Development region
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- **Brig** is used as the development set for training the filtering model.
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### 📍 Final geographic split (after pruning)
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- **Train:** Sion (70%)
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- **Validation:** Sierre (20%)
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- **Test:** Martigny (10%)
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This split ensures **geographical independence** and avoids spatial leakage.
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---
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## 🔍 How Pruning Quality Was Evaluated
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Dataset quality was evaluated indirectly:
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- Train FC-Siam-Diff models on datasets with progressively more aggressive pruning.
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- Evaluate all models on a fixed test set.
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- Observe performance trends as noisy samples are removed.
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### Findings:
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- Moderate pruning **improves model performance**, confirming removal of mislabeled or ambiguous samples.
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- Excessive pruning **hurts performance**, due to loss of informative examples.
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- Optimal size for ValaisCD is **5,000 samples**, balancing label quality and dataset sufficiency.
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This curated version (5000 samples) is the official version used in the associated paper.
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---
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## 📁 Dataset Structure
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ValaisCD/
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│
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├── train/
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│ ├── 2017/ # images at t0
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│ ├── 2023/ # images at t1
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│ ├── labels/ # binary change masks
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│ │
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl # List of images kept in different pruned versions
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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│ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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│
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│
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├── val/
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│ ├── 2017/
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│ ├── 2023/
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│ ├── labels/
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│ │
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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│ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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│
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├── val/
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│ ├── 2017/
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│ ├── 2023/
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│ ├── labels/
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│ │
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_1000_2.pkl
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_2000_2.pkl
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│ ├── test_imgs_filtered_5000_2.pkl # This is the version used in the paper
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│ └── test_imgs_filtered_10000_2.pkl
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│
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└── dev/
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├── 2017/
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├── 2023/
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└── labels/
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