task: A

question: What is the minimum angular difference required between two angiographic projections to enable 3D QCA vessel reconstruction used for FFR computation?

answer: Equal or greater to 25 degrees


task: A

question: Which cardiac phase should angiographic frames be selected from for 3D QCA reconstruction during QFR analysis?

answer: end-diastolic frames


task: A

question: How many angiographic projections are required for 3D QCA reconstruction?

answer: 2


task: A

question: Is excessive vessel overlap an exclusion criterion for QFR analysis?

answer: Yes


task: A

question: Is severe foreshortening an exclusion criterion for QFR computation?

answer: Yes


task: A

question: What FFR cutoff value is explicitly used in clinical studies to define myocardial ischemia or hemodynamically significant coronary stenosis?

answer: 0.8


task: A

question: Which view is called the 'spider' view?

answer: LAO caudal


task: A

question: Which two web browsers are officially supported for the QFR client application?

answer: Microsoft Edge and Google Chrome


task: A

question: What processor architecture is required for the QFR (QAngio XA 3D) server installation?

answer: 64-bit architecture


task: A

question: What is the minimum required RAM for the QFR server machine?

answer: 16GB RAM


task: A

question: What is the minimum required RAM for the QFR client machine?

answer: 8GB RAM


task: A

question: Which three workflow steps are defined for completing a QFR analysis?

answer: Vessel selection, contours, results


task: A

question: Under which cardiovascular conditions related to heart rate and blood pressure should QFR not be applied?

answer: Tachycardia (>100 bpm) and systolic aortic blood pressure <75 mm Hg


task: A

question: How is Diameter Stenosis % defined and calculated in the QFR / QAngio XA 3D software?

answer: Ratio between diameter reduction and reference diameter


task: A

question: According to the QFR Vessel Selection step, which coronary vessel types can the AI automatically detect and classify for analysis?

answer: Left Anterior Descending (LAD), Left Circumflex (LCX) and Right Coronary Artery (RCA).


task: A

question: In the validation studies of QFR/3D QCA, for what purpose was the Youden Index used?

answer: Identify the optimal diagnostic cut-off value


task: A

question: List the three "Fractal Laws" implemented in the 3D QCA software for bifurcation analysis.

answer: Murray, Finet, HK


task: A

question: In the QFR Results (Physiology) tab, what does the d(QFR)/ds curve represent and indicate about the lesion?

answer: Focality of the lesion(s) in the vessel segment.


task: A

question: Is nitroglycerin administered systemically or intracoronarily for QFR analysis?

answer: Intracoronary


task: A

question: Are ostial left main lesions included in QFR validation studies?

answer: No


task: A

question: According to the QFR workflow, where should the start-point and end-point be placed for vessel analysis?

answer: Start at ostium of target vessel and end at clear landmark in distal segment of target vessel


task: A

question: Is hematocrit required for QFR computation?

answer: Yes


task: A

question: What does the Residual QFR parameter represent in QFR analysis?

answer: A predictive value of the Vessel QFR after treatment (revascularization) of the lesion


task: A

question: What corrections can be made in the QFR Results step?

answer: Corrections to the lesions by adjusting the lesion markers


task: A

question: In the QFR Results step, which three parameters are verified in the Physiology tab?

answer: Delta QFR, Residual QFR and Diameter Stenosis %


task: A

question: In the QFR Results step, which three parameters are verified in the Morphology tab?

answer: Minimal Lumen Diameter, Reference Diameter, and Lesion Length


task: A

question: What corrections can be made in the QFR Contours step?

answer: Corrections to the start and end points, the pathline and the contours


task: A

question: What curves are displayed in the Physiology tab of the QFR Results?

answer: The QFR curve and the d(QFR)/ds curve


task: A

question: What information is displayed in the Diameter diagram in the Morphology tab?

answer: The minimal, maximal and reference diameter curves along the length of the vessel


task: A

question: What is the minimum frame rate required for QFR analysis?

answer: 12,5


task: A

question: How does the new quantitative bifurcation model differ from previous flat-plane quantitative models?

answer: It uses bent oval planes at the bifurcation core instead of flat planes


task: A

question: In the 3D QCA bifurcation model, which three vessel segments are considered in a coronary bifurcation?

answer: Proximal main vessel, distal main vessel and side branch


task: A

question: Under which condition is QFR measurement considered inaccurate with respect to nitroglycerin administration?

answer: When not administered


task: A

question: For the Right Coronary Artery (RCA), where should the start point be located in a QFR analysis?

answer: After tip of catheter


task: A

question: What is the Agatston score of the LAD/LCx shown in the FFRCT computation example?

answer: 2,314


task: A

question: At what frequency and resolution were OCT images recorded in the study comparing 3D QCA and OCT?

answer: 100 frames/s at a resolution of 512 × 512 pixels


task: A

question: What is the reported diagnostic accuracy of FFRQCA for predicting an FFR = 0.80?

answer: 0,88


task: A

question: What is the maximum time typically required to complete the entire analysis, including 3D QCA and CFD simulation?

answer: <10 min per case


task: A

question: Which mathematical model is used to approximate the reconstructed 3D arterial vessel centerline?

answer: Bezier Curve


task: A

question: To be included in a 3D reconstruction, side branches must have a diameter at least what fraction of the main vessel diameter?

answer: Larger than one-third of the main vessel diameter


task: A

question: What is the definition of the "reference surface" or "reference vessel" in a 3D QCA model?

answer: The computer-reconstructed normal lumen as if the lesion was not present


task: A

question: What anatomical landmark is most commonly used to synchronize and establish correspondence between different imaging modalities or views?

answer: Carina of bifucation


task: A

question: According to the nomenclature, what view is produced if the image intensifier is tilted toward the head of the patient?

answer: Cranial view


task: A

question: How is the mean hyperemic volumetric flow rate (VFR) calculated from angiographic data in FFRQCA?

answer: Dividing the lumen volume of the reconstructed coronary tree by the mean transport time on the hyperemic projections


task: A

question: What is the reported correlation for lumen area between 3D QCA and IVUS in the 519 distinct positions analyzed?

answer: r = 0.799


task: A

question: What are the two ways to make X-ray angiography (XA) acquisitions available to QFR for analysis?

answer: Pushed or queried and retrieved


task: A

question: In the QFR Results interface, what color is the index marker and in which other diagrams or views is it simultaneously displayed?

answer: White


task: A

question: In the n = 77 validation study, what was the reported Sensitivity percentage for FFRQCA?

answer: 78%


task: A

question: In the FFRQCA validation study of 77 intermediate coronary lesions, what AUC was reported for minimum lumen area (MLA) for predicting FFR = 0.80?

answer: 0.73


task: A

question: Which additional patient-specific parameters are required beyond angiographic images to compute FFRQCA?

answer: Mean arterial pressure at guiding catheter tip and hematocrit