| {"message": {"transcript": [{"chunks": [{"end": 0.52, "start": 0.0, "text": "Okay,"}, {"end": 1.28, "start": 0.52, "text": "hello."}, {"end": 2.56, "start": 1.28, "text": "Welcome"}, {"end": 2.6, "start": 2.56, "text": "to"}, {"end": 2.96, "start": 2.6, "text": "our"}, {"end": 3.8, "start": 2.96, "text": "session"}, {"end": 4.16, "start": 3.8, "text": "on"}, {"end": 4.84, "start": 4.16, "text": "computational"}, {"end": 5.24, "start": 4.84, "text": "social"}, {"end": 5.88, "start": 5.24, "text": "choice"}, {"end": 6.12, "start": 5.88, "text": "and"}, {"end": 6.6, "start": 6.12, "text": "redrawing"}, {"end": 7.88, "start": 6.6, "text": "boundaries."}, {"end": 8.4, "start": 7.88, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 8.4, "text": "excited"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 9.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 9.12, "text": "kick"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 9.12, "text": "things"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 9.12, "text": "off"}, {"end": 9.12, "start": 9.12, "text": "with"}, {"end": 9.4, "start": 9.12, "text": "Daniel"}, {"end": 9.84, "start": 9.4, "text": "Halpern."}, {"end": 10.16, "start": 9.84, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 10.92, "start": 10.16, "text": "going"}, {"end": 10.96, "start": 10.92, "text": "to"}, {"end": 11.76, "start": 10.96, "text": "talk"}, {"end": 12.2, "start": 11.76, "text": "about"}, {"end": 12.36, "start": 12.2, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 13.0, "start": 12.36, "text": "democracy,"}, {"end": 13.44, "start": 13.0, "text": "so"}, {"end": 13.44, "start": 13.44, "text": "I"}, {"end": 13.48, "start": 13.44, "text": "will"}, {"end": 14.6, "start": 13.48, "text": "turn"}, {"end": 14.72, "start": 14.6, "text": "over"}, {"end": 14.72, "start": 14.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 15.0, "start": 14.72, "text": "floor"}, {"end": 15.0, "start": 15.0, "text": "to"}, {"end": 15.4, "start": 15.0, "text": "Daniel."}, {"end": 15.56, "start": 15.4, "text": "Thank"}, {"end": 15.88, "start": 15.56, "text": "you."}, {"end": 16.04, "start": 15.88, "text": "Thank"}, {"end": 16.16, "start": 16.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 16.76, "start": 16.16, "text": "for"}, {"end": 16.88, "start": 16.76, "text": "the"}, {"end": 17.96, "start": 16.88, "text": "introduction."}, {"end": 18.56, "start": 17.96, "text": "My"}, {"end": 18.92, "start": 18.56, "text": "name"}, {"end": 19.12, "start": 18.92, "text": "is"}, {"end": 19.44, "start": 19.12, "text": "Daniel"}, {"end": 20.4, "start": 19.44, "text": "Halpern."}, {"end": 20.76, "start": 20.4, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 20.84, "start": 20.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 21.36, "start": 20.84, "text": "PhD"}, {"end": 21.84, "start": 21.36, "text": "student"}, {"end": 21.96, "start": 21.84, "text": "at"}, {"end": 22.72, "start": 21.96, "text": "Harvard,"}, {"end": 23.2, "start": 22.72, "text": "and"}, {"end": 23.68, "start": 23.2, "text": "today"}, {"end": 23.84, "start": 23.68, "text": "I'll"}, {"end": 23.84, "start": 23.84, "text": "be"}, {"end": 23.96, "start": 23.84, "text": "talking"}, {"end": 24.12, "start": 23.96, "text": "about"}, {"end": 24.32, "start": 24.12, "text": "some"}, {"end": 24.56, "start": 24.32, "text": "joint"}, {"end": 25.24, "start": 24.56, "text": "work"}, {"end": 25.64, "start": 25.24, "text": "with"}, {"end": 26.0, "start": 25.64, "text": "Manol"}, {"end": 26.52, "start": 26.0, "text": "Revell,"}, {"end": 26.76, "start": 26.52, "text": "Adam"}, {"end": 27.4, "start": 26.76, "text": "Barinsky,"}, {"end": 27.56, "start": 27.4, "text": "and"}, {"end": 27.8, "start": 27.56, "text": "Ali"}, {"end": 29.04, "start": 27.8, "text": "Jababai."}, {"end": 29.16, "start": 29.04, "text": "In"}, {"end": 29.6, "start": 29.16, "text": "particular,"}, {"end": 29.6, "start": 29.6, "text": "we'll"}, {"end": 29.6, "start": 29.6, "text": "be"}, {"end": 29.68, "start": 29.6, "text": "talking"}, {"end": 29.96, "start": 29.68, "text": "about"}], "text": " Okay, hello. Welcome to our session on computational social choice and redrawing boundaries. I'm excited to kick things off with Daniel Halpern. I'm going to talk about liquid democracy, so I will turn over the floor to Daniel. Thank you. Thank you for the introduction. My name is Daniel Halpern. I'm a PhD student at Harvard, and today I'll be talking about some joint work with Manol Revell, Adam Barinsky, and Ali Jababai. In particular, we'll be talking about"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 30.16, "start": 30.0, "text": "about"}, {"end": 30.52, "start": 30.16, "text": "some"}, {"end": 31.04, "start": 30.52, "text": "new"}, {"end": 31.64, "start": 31.04, "text": "empirical"}, {"end": 32.12, "start": 31.64, "text": "results"}, {"end": 32.12, "start": 32.12, "text": "on"}, {"end": 32.2, "start": 32.12, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 32.56, "start": 32.2, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 32.64, "start": 32.56, "text": "And"}, {"end": 32.72, "start": 32.64, "text": "I"}, {"end": 32.84, "start": 32.72, "text": "really"}, {"end": 33.0, "start": 32.84, "text": "want"}, {"end": 33.36, "start": 33.0, "text": "to"}, {"end": 33.52, "start": 33.36, "text": "give"}, {"end": 34.0, "start": 33.52, "text": "a"}, {"end": 34.36, "start": 34.0, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 34.56, "start": 34.36, "text": "of"}, {"end": 34.64, "start": 34.56, "text": "credit"}, {"end": 34.88, "start": 34.64, "text": "to"}, {"end": 35.2, "start": 34.88, "text": "Mano"}, {"end": 35.6, "start": 35.2, "text": "here."}, {"end": 35.8, "start": 35.6, "text": "We've"}, {"end": 36.0, "start": 35.8, "text": "done"}, {"end": 36.2, "start": 36.0, "text": "some"}, {"end": 37.2, "start": 36.2, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 37.32, "start": 37.2, "text": "work"}, {"end": 37.32, "start": 37.32, "text": "on"}, {"end": 37.64, "start": 37.32, "text": "this"}, {"end": 37.72, "start": 37.64, "text": "before,"}, {"end": 37.76, "start": 37.72, "text": "but"}, {"end": 37.84, "start": 37.76, "text": "she"}, {"end": 38.08, "start": 37.84, "text": "was"}, {"end": 38.480000000000004, "start": 38.08, "text": "really"}, {"end": 38.8, "start": 38.480000000000004, "text": "the"}, {"end": 39.0, "start": 38.8, "text": "leader"}, {"end": 39.04, "start": 39.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 39.16, "start": 39.04, "text": "these"}, {"end": 39.72, "start": 39.16, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 39.96, "start": 39.72, "text": "and"}, {"end": 40.2, "start": 39.96, "text": "unfortunately"}, {"end": 40.36, "start": 40.2, "text": "couldn't"}, {"end": 40.519999999999996, "start": 40.36, "text": "make"}, {"end": 40.56, "start": 40.519999999999996, "text": "it"}, {"end": 42.32, "start": 40.56, "text": "today."}, {"end": 42.6, "start": 42.32, "text": "Anyway,"}, {"end": 43.04, "start": 42.6, "text": "so"}, {"end": 43.12, "start": 43.04, "text": "what"}, {"end": 43.92, "start": 43.12, "text": "is"}, {"end": 44.08, "start": 43.92, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 44.68, "start": 44.08, "text": "democracy?"}, {"end": 44.96, "start": 44.68, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 45.4, "start": 44.96, "text": "a"}, {"end": 46.239999999999995, "start": 45.4, "text": "voting"}, {"end": 46.44, "start": 46.239999999999995, "text": "paradigm,"}, {"end": 46.760000000000005, "start": 46.44, "text": "and"}, {"end": 47.28, "start": 46.760000000000005, "text": "I"}, {"end": 48.32, "start": 47.28, "text": "think"}, {"end": 48.44, "start": 48.32, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 48.6, "start": 48.44, "text": "easiest"}, {"end": 49.04, "start": 48.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 49.64, "start": 49.04, "text": "understand"}, {"end": 50.04, "start": 49.64, "text": "on"}, {"end": 50.16, "start": 50.04, "text": "a"}, {"end": 51.0, "start": 50.16, "text": "spectrum"}, {"end": 51.36, "start": 51.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 51.6, "start": 51.36, "text": "other"}, {"end": 52.04, "start": 51.6, "text": "paradigms"}, {"end": 52.2, "start": 52.04, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 52.64, "start": 52.2, "text": "familiar"}, {"end": 53.68, "start": 52.64, "text": "with."}, {"end": 53.879999999999995, "start": 53.68, "text": "So"}, {"end": 54.04, "start": 53.879999999999995, "text": "on"}, {"end": 54.120000000000005, "start": 54.04, "text": "one"}, {"end": 54.84, "start": 54.120000000000005, "text": "side,"}, {"end": 54.96, "start": 54.84, "text": "we"}, {"end": 55.480000000000004, "start": 54.96, "text": "have"}, {"end": 55.8, "start": 55.480000000000004, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 56.44, "start": 55.8, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 57.120000000000005, "start": 56.44, "text": "This"}, {"end": 57.4, "start": 57.120000000000005, "text": "is"}, {"end": 58.04, "start": 57.4, "text": "classic"}, {"end": 58.4, "start": 58.04, "text": "Athenian"}, {"end": 58.92, "start": 58.4, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 59.239999999999995, "start": 58.92, "text": "where"}, {"end": 59.96, "start": 59.239999999999995, "text": "everybody"}], "text": " about some new empirical results on liquid democracy. And I really want to give a lot of credit to Mano here. We've done some theoretical work on this before, but she was really the leader of these experiments and unfortunately couldn't make it today. Anyway, so what is liquid democracy? It's a voting paradigm, and I think it's easiest to understand on a spectrum of other paradigms we're familiar with. So on one side, we have direct democracy. This is classic Athenian democracy where everybody"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 60.4, "start": 60.0, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 60.6, "start": 60.4, "text": "and"}, {"end": 61.4, "start": 60.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 61.76, "start": 61.4, "text": "way"}, {"end": 61.84, "start": 61.76, "text": "you"}, {"end": 62.08, "start": 61.84, "text": "make"}, {"end": 62.32, "start": 62.08, "text": "a"}, {"end": 62.68, "start": 62.32, "text": "decision"}, {"end": 62.88, "start": 62.68, "text": "you"}, {"end": 63.04, "start": 62.88, "text": "just"}, {"end": 63.48, "start": 63.04, "text": "hold"}, {"end": 63.68, "start": 63.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 63.68, "start": 63.68, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 63.68, "start": 63.68, "text": "with"}, {"end": 63.72, "start": 63.68, "text": "everybody"}, {"end": 64.12, "start": 63.72, "text": "and"}, {"end": 64.12, "start": 64.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 64.12, "start": 64.12, "text": "just"}, {"end": 64.28, "start": 64.12, "text": "take"}, {"end": 64.32, "start": 64.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 64.92, "start": 64.32, "text": "majority"}, {"end": 65.28, "start": 64.92, "text": "opinion"}, {"end": 65.6, "start": 65.28, "text": "say"}, {"end": 65.92, "start": 65.6, "text": "if"}, {"end": 66.04, "start": 65.92, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 66.24, "start": 66.04, "text": "deciding"}, {"end": 66.24, "start": 66.24, "text": "on"}, {"end": 66.4, "start": 66.24, "text": "two"}, {"end": 67.92, "start": 66.4, "text": "things"}, {"end": 68.16, "start": 67.92, "text": "on"}, {"end": 68.68, "start": 68.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 68.8, "start": 68.68, "text": "other"}, {"end": 68.92, "start": 68.8, "text": "end"}, {"end": 69.44, "start": 68.92, "text": "is"}, {"end": 69.8, "start": 69.44, "text": "a"}, {"end": 70.0, "start": 69.8, "text": "slightly"}, {"end": 70.2, "start": 70.0, "text": "more"}, {"end": 70.52, "start": 70.2, "text": "modern"}, {"end": 70.72, "start": 70.52, "text": "take"}, {"end": 70.72, "start": 70.72, "text": "on"}, {"end": 70.72, "start": 70.72, "text": "this"}, {"end": 71.16, "start": 70.72, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 71.4, "start": 71.16, "text": "more"}, {"end": 71.84, "start": 71.4, "text": "familiar"}, {"end": 71.92, "start": 71.84, "text": "with"}, {"end": 72.12, "start": 71.92, "text": "which"}, {"end": 72.44, "start": 72.12, "text": "is"}, {"end": 73.0, "start": 72.44, "text": "representative"}, {"end": 74.12, "start": 73.0, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 74.36, "start": 74.12, "text": "so"}, {"end": 74.84, "start": 74.36, "text": "here"}, {"end": 75.36, "start": 74.84, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 75.64, "start": 75.36, "text": "a"}, {"end": 75.88, "start": 75.64, "text": "small"}, {"end": 76.12, "start": 75.88, "text": "set"}, {"end": 76.16, "start": 76.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 77.12, "start": 76.16, "text": "representatives"}, {"end": 77.76, "start": 77.12, "text": "that"}, {"end": 77.96000000000001, "start": 77.76, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 78.2, "start": 77.96000000000001, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 78.36, "start": 78.2, "text": "of"}, {"end": 78.52, "start": 78.36, "text": "on"}, {"end": 78.8, "start": 78.52, "text": "our"}, {"end": 79.32, "start": 78.8, "text": "behalf"}, {"end": 79.76, "start": 79.32, "text": "and"}, {"end": 79.8, "start": 79.76, "text": "again"}, {"end": 80.08, "start": 79.8, "text": "we"}, {"end": 80.24, "start": 80.08, "text": "just"}, {"end": 80.4, "start": 80.24, "text": "take"}, {"end": 80.56, "start": 80.4, "text": "the"}, {"end": 81.03999999999999, "start": 80.56, "text": "majority"}, {"end": 81.12, "start": 81.03999999999999, "text": "of"}, {"end": 81.12, "start": 81.12, "text": "what"}, {"end": 81.44, "start": 81.12, "text": "these"}, {"end": 81.88, "start": 81.44, "text": "representatives"}, {"end": 82.2, "start": 81.88, "text": "say"}, {"end": 82.2, "start": 82.2, "text": "as"}, {"end": 82.44, "start": 82.2, "text": "the"}, {"end": 82.6, "start": 82.44, "text": "outcome"}, {"end": 83.03999999999999, "start": 82.6, "text": "for"}, {"end": 83.12, "start": 83.03999999999999, "text": "a"}, {"end": 84.84, "start": 83.12, "text": "decision"}, {"end": 85.56, "start": 84.84, "text": "and"}, {"end": 85.64, "start": 85.56, "text": "on"}, {"end": 85.72, "start": 85.64, "text": "the"}, {"end": 86.0, "start": 85.72, "text": "middle"}, {"end": 86.16, "start": 86.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 86.32, "start": 86.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 86.68, "start": 86.32, "text": "spectrum"}, {"end": 86.68, "start": 86.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 86.84, "start": 86.68, "text": "we"}, {"end": 86.92, "start": 86.84, "text": "is"}, {"end": 87.16, "start": 86.92, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 87.88, "start": 87.16, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 88.08, "start": 87.88, "text": "so"}, {"end": 88.28, "start": 88.08, "text": "how"}, {"end": 88.84, "start": 88.28, "text": "does"}, {"end": 89.16, "start": 88.84, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 89.68, "start": 89.16, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 89.96000000000001, "start": 89.68, "text": "work"}], "text": " votes and the way you make a decision you just hold a vote with everybody and you just take the majority opinion say if you're deciding on two things on the other end is a slightly more modern take on this they're more familiar with which is representative democracy so here there's a small set of representatives that vote sort of on our behalf and again we just take the majority of what these representatives say as the outcome for a decision and on the middle of the spectrum is we is liquid democracy so how does liquid democracy work"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 90.0, "start": 90.0, "text": "You"}, {"end": 90.72, "start": 90.0, "text": "have"}, {"end": 90.72, "start": 90.72, "text": "all"}, {"end": 90.92, "start": 90.72, "text": "your"}, {"end": 90.92, "start": 90.92, "text": "people"}, {"end": 90.92, "start": 90.92, "text": "that"}, {"end": 91.56, "start": 90.92, "text": "want"}, {"end": 91.76, "start": 91.56, "text": "to"}, {"end": 92.68, "start": 91.76, "text": "make"}, {"end": 92.88, "start": 92.68, "text": "some"}, {"end": 94.48, "start": 92.88, "text": "decision."}, {"end": 94.88, "start": 94.48, "text": "And"}, {"end": 95.44, "start": 94.88, "text": "everyone"}, {"end": 95.64, "start": 95.44, "text": "has"}, {"end": 95.68, "start": 95.64, "text": "a"}, {"end": 96.56, "start": 95.68, "text": "choice."}, {"end": 96.68, "start": 96.56, "text": "They"}, {"end": 96.96, "start": 96.68, "text": "can"}, {"end": 97.6, "start": 96.96, "text": "either"}, {"end": 98.03999999999999, "start": 97.6, "text": "directly"}, {"end": 99.12, "start": 98.03999999999999, "text": "vote,"}, {"end": 99.56, "start": 99.12, "text": "just"}, {"end": 100.12, "start": 99.56, "text": "like"}, {"end": 100.28, "start": 100.12, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 101.36, "start": 100.28, "text": "democracy,"}, {"end": 101.76, "start": 101.36, "text": "or"}, {"end": 101.88, "start": 101.76, "text": "they"}, {"end": 102.12, "start": 101.88, "text": "can"}, {"end": 102.48, "start": 102.12, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 102.6, "start": 102.48, "text": "their"}, {"end": 103.0, "start": 102.6, "text": "vote,"}, {"end": 103.16, "start": 103.0, "text": "very"}, {"end": 103.44, "start": 103.16, "text": "similar"}, {"end": 103.84, "start": 103.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 104.2, "start": 103.84, "text": "representative"}, {"end": 105.16, "start": 104.2, "text": "democracy,"}, {"end": 105.64, "start": 105.16, "text": "but"}, {"end": 106.12, "start": 105.64, "text": "in"}, {"end": 107.0, "start": 106.12, "text": "particular,"}, {"end": 107.24, "start": 107.0, "text": "they"}, {"end": 108.6, "start": 107.24, "text": "can"}, {"end": 109.08, "start": 108.6, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 109.52, "start": 109.08, "text": "to"}, {"end": 109.88, "start": 109.52, "text": "anybody."}, {"end": 109.88, "start": 109.88, "text": "And"}, {"end": 109.88, "start": 109.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 110.28, "start": 109.88, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 110.6, "start": 110.28, "text": "is"}, {"end": 111.03999999999999, "start": 110.6, "text": "that"}, {"end": 111.24, "start": 111.03999999999999, "text": "these"}, {"end": 111.76, "start": 111.24, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 111.88, "start": 111.76, "text": "are"}, {"end": 113.0, "start": 111.88, "text": "transitive."}, {"end": 113.28, "start": 113.0, "text": "So"}, {"end": 113.52, "start": 113.28, "text": "if"}, {"end": 113.68, "start": 113.52, "text": "this"}, {"end": 114.03999999999999, "start": 113.68, "text": "person"}, {"end": 114.2, "start": 114.03999999999999, "text": "here"}, {"end": 114.56, "start": 114.2, "text": "delegates"}, {"end": 114.72, "start": 114.56, "text": "this"}, {"end": 115.64, "start": 114.72, "text": "person,"}, {"end": 116.0, "start": 115.64, "text": "or"}, {"end": 116.48, "start": 116.0, "text": "this"}, {"end": 117.03999999999999, "start": 116.48, "text": "person,"}, {"end": 117.4, "start": 117.03999999999999, "text": "the"}, {"end": 117.68, "start": 117.4, "text": "final"}, {"end": 118.16, "start": 117.68, "text": "person"}, {"end": 118.16, "start": 118.16, "text": "on"}, {"end": 118.48, "start": 118.16, "text": "this"}, {"end": 118.88, "start": 118.48, "text": "chain"}, {"end": 119.03999999999999, "start": 118.88, "text": "of"}, {"end": 119.48, "start": 119.03999999999999, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 119.48, "start": 119.48, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 119.48, "start": 119.48, "text": "on"}, {"end": 119.76, "start": 119.48, "text": "behalf"}, {"end": 119.96000000000001, "start": 119.76, "text": "of"}], "text": " You have all your people that want to make some decision. And everyone has a choice. They can either directly vote, just like direct democracy, or they can delegate their vote, very similar to representative democracy, but in particular, they can delegate to anybody. And the idea is that these delegations are transitive. So if this person here delegates this person, or this person, the final person on this chain of delegations votes on behalf of"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 120.48, "start": 120.0, "text": "half"}, {"end": 120.56, "start": 120.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 120.76, "start": 120.56, "text": "all"}, {"end": 120.76, "start": 120.76, "text": "of"}, {"end": 121.48, "start": 120.76, "text": "them."}, {"end": 121.88, "start": 121.48, "text": "So"}, {"end": 121.88, "start": 121.88, "text": "then"}, {"end": 122.0, "start": 121.88, "text": "they"}, {"end": 122.52, "start": 122.0, "text": "hold"}, {"end": 122.76, "start": 122.52, "text": "a"}, {"end": 122.84, "start": 122.76, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 123.12, "start": 122.84, "text": "and"}, {"end": 123.16, "start": 123.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 123.16, "start": 123.16, "text": "just"}, {"end": 123.92, "start": 123.16, "text": "take"}, {"end": 124.16, "start": 123.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 124.76, "start": 124.16, "text": "majority"}, {"end": 125.08, "start": 124.76, "text": "weighted"}, {"end": 125.2, "start": 125.08, "text": "by"}, {"end": 125.4, "start": 125.2, "text": "these"}, {"end": 126.92, "start": 125.4, "text": "delegations."}, {"end": 127.88, "start": 126.92, "text": "And"}, {"end": 128.04, "start": 127.88, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 128.48, "start": 128.04, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 129.04, "start": 128.48, "text": "promises"}, {"end": 129.04, "start": 129.04, "text": "to"}, {"end": 129.12, "start": 129.04, "text": "be"}, {"end": 129.32, "start": 129.12, "text": "a"}, {"end": 129.56, "start": 129.32, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 129.64, "start": 129.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 129.72, "start": 129.64, "text": "a"}, {"end": 129.92, "start": 129.72, "text": "best"}, {"end": 130.04, "start": 129.92, "text": "of"}, {"end": 130.24, "start": 130.04, "text": "both"}, {"end": 130.68, "start": 130.24, "text": "worlds,"}, {"end": 131.12, "start": 130.68, "text": "taking"}, {"end": 131.44, "start": 131.12, "text": "benefits"}, {"end": 131.56, "start": 131.44, "text": "from"}, {"end": 131.8, "start": 131.56, "text": "both"}, {"end": 132.2, "start": 131.8, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 132.32, "start": 132.2, "text": "and"}, {"end": 132.96, "start": 132.32, "text": "representative"}, {"end": 134.32, "start": 132.96, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 134.72, "start": 134.32, "text": "So"}, {"end": 134.92, "start": 134.72, "text": "on"}, {"end": 135.32, "start": 134.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 135.92, "start": 135.32, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 136.56, "start": 135.92, "text": "side,"}, {"end": 136.64, "start": 136.56, "text": "you"}, {"end": 137.24, "start": 136.64, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 137.24, "start": 137.24, "text": "of"}, {"end": 137.24, "start": 137.24, "text": "have"}, {"end": 137.48, "start": 137.24, "text": "this"}, {"end": 137.56, "start": 137.48, "text": "like"}, {"end": 138.24, "start": 137.56, "text": "legitimacy"}, {"end": 139.04, "start": 138.24, "text": "participation"}, {"end": 139.24, "start": 139.04, "text": "aspect"}, {"end": 139.52, "start": 139.24, "text": "where"}, {"end": 139.92000000000002, "start": 139.52, "text": "everybody"}, {"end": 140.16, "start": 139.92000000000002, "text": "feels"}, {"end": 140.24, "start": 140.16, "text": "like"}, {"end": 140.4, "start": 140.24, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 140.48, "start": 140.4, "text": "part"}, {"end": 140.68, "start": 140.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 140.68, "start": 140.68, "text": "it."}, {"end": 140.88, "start": 140.68, "text": "They"}, {"end": 141.44, "start": 140.88, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 141.68, "start": 141.44, "text": "have"}, {"end": 141.96, "start": 141.68, "text": "an"}, {"end": 142.04, "start": 141.96, "text": "impact"}, {"end": 142.04, "start": 142.04, "text": "on"}, {"end": 142.32, "start": 142.04, "text": "every"}, {"end": 142.52, "start": 142.32, "text": "vote."}, {"end": 142.64, "start": 142.52, "text": "They're"}, {"end": 142.8, "start": 142.64, "text": "not"}, {"end": 143.0, "start": 142.8, "text": "just"}, {"end": 143.12, "start": 143.0, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 143.2, "start": 143.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 143.44, "start": 143.2, "text": "handing"}, {"end": 143.48, "start": 143.44, "text": "it"}, {"end": 143.76, "start": 143.48, "text": "off"}, {"end": 144.0, "start": 143.76, "text": "to"}, {"end": 144.48, "start": 144.0, "text": "this"}, {"end": 144.96, "start": 144.48, "text": "representative"}, {"end": 145.16, "start": 144.96, "text": "far"}, {"end": 145.6, "start": 145.16, "text": "away."}, {"end": 146.04, "start": 145.6, "text": "And"}, {"end": 146.44, "start": 146.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 147.24, "start": 146.44, "text": "can"}, {"end": 147.48, "start": 147.24, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 147.8, "start": 147.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 148.12, "start": 147.8, "text": "anyone."}, {"end": 148.6, "start": 148.12, "text": "You're"}, {"end": 148.92000000000002, "start": 148.6, "text": "not"}, {"end": 149.07999999999998, "start": 148.92000000000002, "text": "restricted"}, {"end": 149.07999999999998, "start": 149.07999999999998, "text": "on"}, {"end": 149.48, "start": 149.07999999999998, "text": "who"}, {"end": 149.6, "start": 149.48, "text": "you"}, {"end": 149.96, "start": 149.6, "text": "might"}], "text": " half of all of them. So then they hold a vote and you just take the majority weighted by these delegations. And liquid democracy promises to be a sort of a best of both worlds, taking benefits from both direct and representative democracy. So on the direct side, you sort of have this like legitimacy participation aspect where everybody feels like they're part of it. They actually have an impact on every vote. They're not just sort of handing it off to this representative far away. And you can delegate to anyone. You're not restricted on who you might"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 150.16, "start": 150.0, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 150.16, "start": 150.16, "text": "to."}, {"end": 150.52, "start": 150.16, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 150.8, "start": 150.52, "text": "you"}, {"end": 150.84, "start": 150.8, "text": "don't"}, {"end": 151.36, "start": 150.84, "text": "like"}, {"end": 151.52, "start": 151.36, "text": "any"}, {"end": 151.52, "start": 151.52, "text": "of"}, {"end": 151.76, "start": 151.52, "text": "the"}, {"end": 152.0, "start": 151.76, "text": "representatives"}, {"end": 152.0, "start": 152.0, "text": "in"}, {"end": 152.04, "start": 152.0, "text": "your"}, {"end": 152.36, "start": 152.04, "text": "election."}, {"end": 153.64, "start": 152.36, "text": "But"}, {"end": 154.36, "start": 153.64, "text": "on"}, {"end": 154.56, "start": 154.36, "text": "the"}, {"end": 154.6, "start": 154.56, "text": "other"}, {"end": 154.96, "start": 154.6, "text": "hand,"}, {"end": 155.16, "start": 154.96, "text": "you"}, {"end": 155.48, "start": 155.16, "text": "get"}, {"end": 155.72, "start": 155.48, "text": "some"}, {"end": 155.84, "start": 155.72, "text": "benefits"}, {"end": 156.12, "start": 155.84, "text": "from"}, {"end": 156.48, "start": 156.12, "text": "representative"}, {"end": 157.0, "start": 156.48, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 157.0, "start": 157.0, "text": "You"}, {"end": 157.04, "start": 157.0, "text": "really"}, {"end": 157.12, "start": 157.04, "text": "get"}, {"end": 157.6, "start": 157.12, "text": "a"}, {"end": 157.84, "start": 157.6, "text": "more"}, {"end": 157.92, "start": 157.84, "text": "like"}, {"end": 158.32, "start": 157.92, "text": "large"}, {"end": 158.6, "start": 158.32, "text": "scale"}, {"end": 158.8, "start": 158.6, "text": "feasibility."}, {"end": 158.88, "start": 158.8, "text": "It"}, {"end": 159.4, "start": 158.88, "text": "might"}, {"end": 159.84, "start": 159.4, "text": "not"}, {"end": 159.96, "start": 159.84, "text": "be"}, {"end": 160.16, "start": 159.96, "text": "feasible"}, {"end": 160.36, "start": 160.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 160.68, "start": 160.36, "text": "ask"}, {"end": 160.88, "start": 160.68, "text": "every"}, {"end": 161.16, "start": 160.88, "text": "single"}, {"end": 161.68, "start": 161.16, "text": "person"}, {"end": 161.88, "start": 161.68, "text": "every"}, {"end": 162.28, "start": 161.88, "text": "question"}, {"end": 162.72, "start": 162.28, "text": "for"}, {"end": 162.92, "start": 162.72, "text": "every"}, {"end": 163.2, "start": 162.92, "text": "single"}, {"end": 164.44, "start": 163.2, "text": "issue."}, {"end": 165.12, "start": 164.44, "text": "And"}, {"end": 165.4, "start": 165.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 165.72, "start": 165.4, "text": "might"}, {"end": 165.88, "start": 165.72, "text": "not"}, {"end": 166.04, "start": 165.88, "text": "be"}, {"end": 166.4, "start": 166.04, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 166.44, "start": 166.4, "text": "in"}, {"end": 166.8, "start": 166.44, "text": "every"}, {"end": 167.04, "start": 166.8, "text": "single"}, {"end": 167.4, "start": 167.04, "text": "issue."}, {"end": 167.6, "start": 167.4, "text": "You"}, {"end": 167.88, "start": 167.6, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 168.12, "start": 167.88, "text": "you"}, {"end": 168.32, "start": 168.12, "text": "might"}, {"end": 168.64, "start": 168.32, "text": "not"}, {"end": 169.12, "start": 168.64, "text": "want"}, {"end": 169.48, "start": 169.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 170.0, "start": 169.48, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 170.0, "start": 170.0, "text": "on"}, {"end": 170.24, "start": 170.0, "text": "everything."}, {"end": 170.4, "start": 170.24, "text": "I"}, {"end": 170.72, "start": 170.4, "text": "trust"}, {"end": 170.96, "start": 170.72, "text": "that"}, {"end": 171.32, "start": 170.96, "text": "person"}, {"end": 171.76, "start": 171.32, "text": "more"}, {"end": 171.92000000000002, "start": 171.76, "text": "than"}, {"end": 172.4, "start": 171.92000000000002, "text": "myself"}, {"end": 172.48, "start": 172.4, "text": "to"}, {"end": 172.8, "start": 172.48, "text": "make"}, {"end": 172.88, "start": 172.8, "text": "a"}, {"end": 172.92000000000002, "start": 172.88, "text": "good"}, {"end": 174.12, "start": 172.92000000000002, "text": "decision."}, {"end": 174.56, "start": 174.12, "text": "And"}, {"end": 175.64, "start": 174.56, "text": "the"}, {"end": 176.84, "start": 175.64, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 177.28, "start": 176.84, "text": "is"}, {"end": 177.32, "start": 177.28, "text": "that"}, {"end": 177.48, "start": 177.32, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 177.8, "start": 177.48, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 177.88, "start": 177.8, "text": "of"}, {"end": 178.07999999999998, "start": 177.88, "text": "implicitly"}, {"end": 178.84, "start": 178.07999999999998, "text": "identifying"}, {"end": 179.24, "start": 178.84, "text": "the"}, {"end": 179.36, "start": 179.24, "text": "people"}, {"end": 179.4, "start": 179.36, "text": "that"}, {"end": 179.72, "start": 179.4, "text": "might"}, {"end": 179.96, "start": 179.72, "text": "be"}], "text": " delegate to. Maybe you don't like any of the representatives in your election. But on the other hand, you get some benefits from representative democracy. You really get a more like large scale feasibility. It might not be feasible to ask every single person every question for every single issue. And you might not be knowledgeable in every single issue. You know, you might not want to vote on everything. I trust that person more than myself to make a good decision. And the idea is that you're sort of implicitly identifying the people that might be"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 180.16, "start": 180.0, "text": "in"}, {"end": 180.56, "start": 180.16, "text": "this"}, {"end": 180.92, "start": 180.56, "text": "issue,"}, {"end": 181.16, "start": 180.92, "text": "right?"}, {"end": 181.64, "start": 181.16, "text": "You're"}, {"end": 181.64, "start": 181.64, "text": "not"}, {"end": 181.72, "start": 181.64, "text": "like"}, {"end": 182.56, "start": 181.72, "text": "explicitly"}, {"end": 182.88, "start": 182.56, "text": "deciding"}, {"end": 183.08, "start": 182.88, "text": "who"}, {"end": 183.48, "start": 183.08, "text": "the"}, {"end": 184.08, "start": 183.48, "text": "representatives"}, {"end": 184.12, "start": 184.08, "text": "are,"}, {"end": 184.4, "start": 184.12, "text": "but"}, {"end": 184.64, "start": 184.4, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 184.64, "start": 184.64, "text": "of,"}, {"end": 184.64, "start": 184.64, "text": "you"}, {"end": 184.72, "start": 184.64, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 184.84, "start": 184.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 184.84, "start": 184.84, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 184.84, "start": 184.84, "text": "to"}, {"end": 185.0, "start": 184.84, "text": "people"}, {"end": 185.08, "start": 185.0, "text": "you"}, {"end": 185.12, "start": 185.08, "text": "think"}, {"end": 185.32, "start": 185.12, "text": "are"}, {"end": 185.44, "start": 185.32, "text": "a"}, {"end": 185.76, "start": 185.44, "text": "little"}, {"end": 186.16, "start": 185.76, "text": "better"}, {"end": 186.16, "start": 186.16, "text": "off"}, {"end": 186.2, "start": 186.16, "text": "and"}, {"end": 186.36, "start": 186.2, "text": "you"}, {"end": 186.56, "start": 186.36, "text": "end"}, {"end": 186.72, "start": 186.56, "text": "up"}, {"end": 186.88, "start": 186.72, "text": "at"}, {"end": 187.04, "start": 186.88, "text": "a"}, {"end": 188.84, "start": 187.04, "text": "better"}, {"end": 189.0, "start": 188.84, "text": "decision."}, {"end": 189.32, "start": 189.0, "text": "Okay,"}, {"end": 189.52, "start": 189.32, "text": "and"}, {"end": 189.84, "start": 189.52, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 190.0, "start": 189.84, "text": "gonna"}, {"end": 190.36, "start": 190.0, "text": "focus"}, {"end": 190.76, "start": 190.36, "text": "a"}, {"end": 190.8, "start": 190.76, "text": "little"}, {"end": 190.88, "start": 190.8, "text": "more"}, {"end": 190.96, "start": 190.88, "text": "on"}, {"end": 191.12, "start": 190.96, "text": "this"}, {"end": 191.48, "start": 191.12, "text": "today."}, {"end": 192.16, "start": 191.48, "text": "But"}, {"end": 192.52, "start": 192.16, "text": "before"}, {"end": 192.76, "start": 192.52, "text": "I"}, {"end": 192.88, "start": 192.76, "text": "jump"}, {"end": 193.28, "start": 192.88, "text": "into"}, {"end": 193.36, "start": 193.28, "text": "our"}, {"end": 193.56, "start": 193.36, "text": "results,"}, {"end": 193.8, "start": 193.56, "text": "I"}, {"end": 194.12, "start": 193.8, "text": "just"}, {"end": 194.28, "start": 194.12, "text": "wanna"}, {"end": 194.48, "start": 194.28, "text": "say"}, {"end": 194.72, "start": 194.48, "text": "like"}, {"end": 195.32, "start": 194.72, "text": "this"}, {"end": 195.48, "start": 195.32, "text": "really"}, {"end": 195.48, "start": 195.48, "text": "is"}, {"end": 195.48, "start": 195.48, "text": "something"}, {"end": 195.56, "start": 195.48, "text": "that's"}, {"end": 195.68, "start": 195.56, "text": "used"}, {"end": 195.8, "start": 195.68, "text": "in"}, {"end": 196.44, "start": 195.8, "text": "practice."}, {"end": 196.68, "start": 196.44, "text": "There"}, {"end": 197.0, "start": 196.68, "text": "are"}, {"end": 197.24, "start": 197.0, "text": "several"}, {"end": 197.4, "start": 197.24, "text": "political"}, {"end": 198.24, "start": 197.4, "text": "parties"}, {"end": 198.6, "start": 198.24, "text": "around"}, {"end": 198.68, "start": 198.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 198.88, "start": 198.68, "text": "world,"}, {"end": 198.96, "start": 198.88, "text": "especially"}, {"end": 198.96, "start": 198.96, "text": "in"}, {"end": 199.16, "start": 198.96, "text": "like"}, {"end": 199.84, "start": 199.16, "text": "Germany,"}, {"end": 200.52, "start": 199.84, "text": "Argentina,"}, {"end": 201.48, "start": 200.52, "text": "Australia."}, {"end": 201.48, "start": 201.48, "text": "You"}, {"end": 202.04, "start": 201.48, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 202.64, "start": 202.04, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 202.96, "start": 202.64, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 202.96, "start": 202.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 203.12, "start": 202.96, "text": "small"}, {"end": 203.48, "start": 203.12, "text": "scale,"}, {"end": 203.52, "start": 203.48, "text": "but"}, {"end": 203.72, "start": 203.52, "text": "like"}, {"end": 203.8, "start": 203.72, "text": "it"}, {"end": 204.24, "start": 203.8, "text": "really"}, {"end": 204.4, "start": 204.24, "text": "is"}, {"end": 204.56, "start": 204.4, "text": "something"}, {"end": 204.88, "start": 204.56, "text": "being"}, {"end": 205.16, "start": 204.88, "text": "used."}, {"end": 205.32, "start": 205.16, "text": "They"}, {"end": 205.6, "start": 205.32, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 205.68, "start": 205.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 205.76, "start": 205.68, "text": "get"}, {"end": 206.72, "start": 205.76, "text": "represented"}, {"end": 206.88, "start": 206.72, "text": "in"}, {"end": 207.24, "start": 206.88, "text": "their"}, {"end": 207.6, "start": 207.24, "text": "associate"}, {"end": 208.16, "start": 207.6, "text": "parliaments"}, {"end": 208.52, "start": 208.16, "text": "and"}, {"end": 208.84, "start": 208.52, "text": "run"}, {"end": 209.28, "start": 208.84, "text": "this"}, {"end": 209.48, "start": 209.28, "text": "and"}, {"end": 209.68, "start": 209.48, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 209.96, "start": 209.68, "text": "on"}], "text": " in this issue, right? You're not like explicitly deciding who the representatives are, but sort of, you know, you delegate to people you think are a little better off and you end up at a better decision. Okay, and we're gonna focus a little more on this today. But before I jump into our results, I just wanna say like this really is something that's used in practice. There are several political parties around the world, especially in like Germany, Argentina, Australia. You know, they're sort of small scale, but like it really is something being used. They sort of get represented in their associate parliaments and run this and vote on"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 210.24, "start": 210.0, "text": "just"}, {"end": 210.48, "start": 210.24, "text": "as"}, {"end": 210.56, "start": 210.48, "text": "Liquid"}, {"end": 210.92, "start": 210.56, "text": "Democracy"}, {"end": 211.12, "start": 210.92, "text": "would"}, {"end": 212.04, "start": 211.12, "text": "have"}, {"end": 212.56, "start": 212.04, "text": "said."}, {"end": 212.64, "start": 212.56, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 212.88, "start": 212.64, "text": "also"}, {"end": 213.16, "start": 212.88, "text": "used"}, {"end": 213.44, "start": 213.16, "text": "more"}, {"end": 213.88, "start": 213.44, "text": "company"}, {"end": 214.36, "start": 213.88, "text": "scale."}, {"end": 214.56, "start": 214.36, "text": "I"}, {"end": 214.8, "start": 214.56, "text": "know"}, {"end": 215.08, "start": 214.8, "text": "Google's"}, {"end": 215.24, "start": 215.08, "text": "run"}, {"end": 215.4, "start": 215.24, "text": "some"}, {"end": 216.08, "start": 215.4, "text": "experiments,"}, {"end": 216.4, "start": 216.08, "text": "and"}, {"end": 216.64, "start": 216.4, "text": "I"}, {"end": 216.64, "start": 216.64, "text": "think"}, {"end": 217.2, "start": 216.64, "text": "corporate"}, {"end": 217.76, "start": 217.2, "text": "governance"}, {"end": 217.96, "start": 217.76, "text": "is"}, {"end": 218.52, "start": 217.96, "text": "more"}, {"end": 219.04, "start": 218.52, "text": "a"}, {"end": 219.24, "start": 219.04, "text": "feasible"}, {"end": 219.52, "start": 219.24, "text": "way"}, {"end": 219.52, "start": 219.52, "text": "we"}, {"end": 219.88, "start": 219.52, "text": "can"}, {"end": 220.24, "start": 219.88, "text": "implement"}, {"end": 220.44, "start": 220.24, "text": "this"}, {"end": 220.6, "start": 220.44, "text": "more"}, {"end": 221.16, "start": 220.6, "text": "quickly,"}, {"end": 221.64, "start": 221.16, "text": "and"}, {"end": 221.92, "start": 221.64, "text": "it"}, {"end": 222.04, "start": 221.92, "text": "seems"}, {"end": 222.12, "start": 222.04, "text": "like"}, {"end": 222.24, "start": 222.12, "text": "a"}, {"end": 222.52, "start": 222.24, "text": "cool"}, {"end": 223.4, "start": 222.52, "text": "application."}, {"end": 223.88, "start": 223.4, "text": "And"}, {"end": 224.04, "start": 223.88, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 224.36, "start": 224.04, "text": "not"}, {"end": 224.72, "start": 224.36, "text": "too"}, {"end": 224.84, "start": 224.72, "text": "familiar"}, {"end": 224.84, "start": 224.84, "text": "with"}, {"end": 224.84, "start": 224.84, "text": "it,"}, {"end": 224.88, "start": 224.84, "text": "but"}, {"end": 225.04, "start": 224.88, "text": "I"}, {"end": 225.2, "start": 225.04, "text": "think"}, {"end": 225.56, "start": 225.2, "text": "some"}, {"end": 226.04, "start": 225.56, "text": "crypto"}, {"end": 226.2, "start": 226.04, "text": "people"}, {"end": 226.24, "start": 226.2, "text": "are"}, {"end": 226.72, "start": 226.24, "text": "also"}, {"end": 227.12, "start": 226.72, "text": "interested"}, {"end": 227.84, "start": 227.12, "text": "for"}, {"end": 228.2, "start": 227.84, "text": "making"}, {"end": 228.6, "start": 228.2, "text": "decisions"}, {"end": 228.68, "start": 228.6, "text": "in"}, {"end": 229.04, "start": 228.68, "text": "a"}, {"end": 229.64, "start": 229.04, "text": "decentralized"}, {"end": 230.28, "start": 229.64, "text": "way."}, {"end": 230.64, "start": 230.28, "text": "They"}, {"end": 230.88, "start": 230.64, "text": "like"}, {"end": 231.07999999999998, "start": 230.88, "text": "these"}, {"end": 231.36, "start": 231.07999999999998, "text": "kind"}, {"end": 231.64, "start": 231.36, "text": "of"}, {"end": 233.04, "start": 231.64, "text": "things."}, {"end": 234.0, "start": 233.04, "text": "So"}, {"end": 235.0, "start": 234.0, "text": "to"}, {"end": 235.8, "start": 235.0, "text": "understand"}, {"end": 236.12, "start": 235.8, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 236.64, "start": 236.12, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 237.24, "start": 236.64, "text": "implicitly"}, {"end": 237.68, "start": 237.24, "text": "finding"}, {"end": 237.76, "start": 237.68, "text": "more"}, {"end": 238.07999999999998, "start": 237.76, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 238.07999999999998, "start": 238.07999999999998, "text": "people,"}, {"end": 238.24, "start": 238.07999999999998, "text": "we"}, {"end": 238.28, "start": 238.24, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 238.64, "start": 238.28, "text": "of"}, {"end": 238.8, "start": 238.64, "text": "need"}, {"end": 239.04, "start": 238.8, "text": "some"}, {"end": 239.4, "start": 239.04, "text": "model"}, {"end": 239.52, "start": 239.4, "text": "of"}, {"end": 239.72, "start": 239.52, "text": "how"}, {"end": 239.72, "start": 239.72, "text": "this"}, {"end": 239.96, "start": 239.72, "text": "works."}], "text": " just as Liquid Democracy would have said. It's also used more company scale. I know Google's run some experiments, and I think corporate governance is more a feasible way we can implement this more quickly, and it seems like a cool application. And I'm not too familiar with it, but I think some crypto people are also interested for making decisions in a decentralized way. They like these kind of things. So to understand this, we're implicitly finding more knowledgeable people, we sort of need some model of how this works."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 240.92, "start": 240.0, "text": "And"}, {"end": 241.36, "start": 240.92, "text": "we"}, {"end": 242.16, "start": 241.36, "text": "take"}, {"end": 242.68, "start": 242.16, "text": "inspiration"}, {"end": 243.04, "start": 242.68, "text": "from"}, {"end": 243.32, "start": 243.04, "text": "the"}, {"end": 243.84, "start": 243.32, "text": "epistemic"}, {"end": 244.16, "start": 243.84, "text": "approach"}, {"end": 244.56, "start": 244.16, "text": "introduced"}, {"end": 244.72, "start": 244.56, "text": "by"}, {"end": 245.32, "start": 244.72, "text": "Condorcet"}, {"end": 245.44, "start": 245.32, "text": "several"}, {"end": 245.8, "start": 245.44, "text": "hundred"}, {"end": 246.04, "start": 245.8, "text": "years"}, {"end": 247.04, "start": 246.04, "text": "ago."}, {"end": 247.48, "start": 247.04, "text": "And"}, {"end": 248.72, "start": 247.48, "text": "this"}, {"end": 249.32, "start": 248.72, "text": "has"}, {"end": 250.24, "start": 249.32, "text": "been"}, {"end": 250.4, "start": 250.24, "text": "used"}, {"end": 250.84, "start": 250.4, "text": "before"}, {"end": 250.96, "start": 250.84, "text": "in"}, {"end": 251.08, "start": 250.96, "text": "some"}, {"end": 251.2, "start": 251.08, "text": "other"}, {"end": 251.56, "start": 251.2, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 252.16, "start": 251.56, "text": "work."}, {"end": 252.36, "start": 252.16, "text": "The"}, {"end": 252.76, "start": 252.36, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 252.76, "start": 252.76, "text": "is"}, {"end": 252.8, "start": 252.76, "text": "that"}, {"end": 253.2, "start": 252.8, "text": "your"}, {"end": 253.4, "start": 253.2, "text": "end"}, {"end": 253.48, "start": 253.4, "text": "voters"}, {"end": 253.84, "start": 253.48, "text": "in"}, {"end": 254.36, "start": 253.84, "text": "society"}, {"end": 254.52, "start": 254.36, "text": "are"}, {"end": 254.76, "start": 254.52, "text": "voting"}, {"end": 254.88, "start": 254.76, "text": "on"}, {"end": 254.88, "start": 254.88, "text": "one"}, {"end": 254.88, "start": 254.88, "text": "of"}, {"end": 255.12, "start": 254.88, "text": "two"}, {"end": 255.6, "start": 255.12, "text": "outcomes."}, {"end": 256.28, "start": 255.6, "text": "And"}, {"end": 256.44, "start": 256.28, "text": "there"}, {"end": 256.68, "start": 256.44, "text": "really"}, {"end": 256.92, "start": 256.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 257.08, "start": 256.92, "text": "some"}, {"end": 257.52, "start": 257.08, "text": "notion"}, {"end": 257.64, "start": 257.52, "text": "of"}, {"end": 257.76, "start": 257.64, "text": "a"}, {"end": 258.48, "start": 257.76, "text": "better"}, {"end": 259.0, "start": 258.48, "text": "outcome"}, {"end": 259.08, "start": 259.0, "text": "that"}, {"end": 259.08, "start": 259.08, "text": "we"}, {"end": 259.08, "start": 259.08, "text": "want"}, {"end": 259.12, "start": 259.08, "text": "for"}, {"end": 259.6, "start": 259.12, "text": "everybody."}, {"end": 259.88, "start": 259.6, "text": "And"}, {"end": 260.32, "start": 259.88, "text": "I"}, {"end": 260.32, "start": 260.32, "text": "think"}, {"end": 260.36, "start": 260.32, "text": "this"}, {"end": 260.8, "start": 260.36, "text": "is"}, {"end": 261.04, "start": 260.8, "text": "more"}, {"end": 261.48, "start": 261.04, "text": "applicable"}, {"end": 261.52, "start": 261.48, "text": "in"}, {"end": 261.6, "start": 261.52, "text": "some"}, {"end": 261.88, "start": 261.6, "text": "situations"}, {"end": 261.92, "start": 261.88, "text": "than"}, {"end": 262.2, "start": 261.92, "text": "others."}, {"end": 262.48, "start": 262.2, "text": "We"}, {"end": 262.48, "start": 262.48, "text": "can"}, {"end": 262.64, "start": 262.48, "text": "get"}, {"end": 262.8, "start": 262.64, "text": "back"}, {"end": 262.88, "start": 262.8, "text": "to"}, {"end": 263.0, "start": 262.88, "text": "that"}, {"end": 263.32, "start": 263.0, "text": "later,"}, {"end": 263.36, "start": 263.32, "text": "but"}, {"end": 263.44, "start": 263.36, "text": "I'll"}, {"end": 263.6, "start": 263.44, "text": "show"}, {"end": 263.72, "start": 263.6, "text": "you"}, {"end": 264.16, "start": 263.72, "text": "what"}, {"end": 264.32, "start": 264.16, "text": "I"}, {"end": 264.48, "start": 264.32, "text": "mean"}, {"end": 264.76, "start": 264.48, "text": "more"}, {"end": 264.92, "start": 264.76, "text": "in"}, {"end": 264.92, "start": 264.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 265.32, "start": 264.92, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 265.44, "start": 265.32, "text": "in"}, {"end": 265.6, "start": 265.44, "text": "a"}, {"end": 265.64, "start": 265.6, "text": "bit."}, {"end": 266.92, "start": 265.64, "text": "And"}, {"end": 267.8, "start": 266.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 268.24, "start": 267.8, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 268.44, "start": 268.24, "text": "is"}, {"end": 268.76, "start": 268.44, "text": "that"}, {"end": 269.0, "start": 268.76, "text": "people"}, {"end": 269.2, "start": 269.0, "text": "are"}, {"end": 269.6, "start": 269.2, "text": "trying"}, {"end": 269.72, "start": 269.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 269.76, "start": 269.72, "text": "figure"}, {"end": 269.96, "start": 269.76, "text": "out"}], "text": " And we take inspiration from the epistemic approach introduced by Condorcet several hundred years ago. And this has been used before in some other theoretical work. The idea is that your end voters in society are voting on one of two outcomes. And there really is some notion of a better outcome that we want for everybody. And I think this is more applicable in some situations than others. We can get back to that later, but I'll show you what I mean more in the experiments in a bit. And the idea is that people are trying to figure out"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 270.28, "start": 270.0, "text": "right"}, {"end": 270.28, "start": 270.28, "text": "answer"}, {"end": 270.32, "start": 270.28, "text": "and"}, {"end": 270.8, "start": 270.32, "text": "they"}, {"end": 270.96, "start": 270.8, "text": "might"}, {"end": 271.32, "start": 270.96, "text": "sometimes"}, {"end": 271.48, "start": 271.32, "text": "make"}, {"end": 271.52, "start": 271.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 272.12, "start": 271.52, "text": "mistake."}, {"end": 272.48, "start": 272.12, "text": "So"}, {"end": 272.84, "start": 272.48, "text": "with"}, {"end": 273.04, "start": 272.84, "text": "some"}, {"end": 273.6, "start": 273.04, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 273.8, "start": 273.6, "text": "they"}, {"end": 274.0, "start": 273.8, "text": "vote,"}, {"end": 274.16, "start": 274.0, "text": "hopefully"}, {"end": 274.44, "start": 274.16, "text": "above"}, {"end": 274.72, "start": 274.44, "text": "a"}, {"end": 275.32, "start": 274.72, "text": "half,"}, {"end": 275.68, "start": 275.32, "text": "with"}, {"end": 275.92, "start": 275.68, "text": "some"}, {"end": 276.2, "start": 275.92, "text": "fixed"}, {"end": 276.92, "start": 276.2, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 277.12, "start": 276.92, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 277.32, "start": 277.12, "text": "voting"}, {"end": 277.32, "start": 277.32, "text": "for"}, {"end": 277.36, "start": 277.32, "text": "the"}, {"end": 277.6, "start": 277.36, "text": "correct"}, {"end": 277.84, "start": 277.6, "text": "thing"}, {"end": 278.0, "start": 277.84, "text": "and"}, {"end": 278.32, "start": 278.0, "text": "otherwise"}, {"end": 278.48, "start": 278.32, "text": "they"}, {"end": 278.84, "start": 278.48, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 278.96, "start": 278.84, "text": "incorrectly."}, {"end": 279.08, "start": 278.96, "text": "And"}, {"end": 279.08, "start": 279.08, "text": "just"}, {"end": 279.08, "start": 279.08, "text": "to"}, {"end": 279.08, "start": 279.08, "text": "give"}, {"end": 279.12, "start": 279.08, "text": "you"}, {"end": 280.16, "start": 279.12, "text": "an"}, {"end": 280.56, "start": 280.16, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 280.56, "start": 280.56, "text": "how"}, {"end": 280.72, "start": 280.56, "text": "this"}, {"end": 281.52, "start": 280.72, "text": "works,"}, {"end": 281.84, "start": 281.52, "text": "so"}, {"end": 282.12, "start": 281.84, "text": "like"}, {"end": 282.48, "start": 282.12, "text": "say"}, {"end": 282.48, "start": 282.48, "text": "we"}, {"end": 282.48, "start": 282.48, "text": "have"}, {"end": 282.6, "start": 282.48, "text": "this"}, {"end": 283.12, "start": 282.6, "text": "society"}, {"end": 283.28, "start": 283.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 283.64, "start": 283.28, "text": "seven"}, {"end": 284.56, "start": 283.64, "text": "people,"}, {"end": 284.64, "start": 284.56, "text": "let's"}, {"end": 284.88, "start": 284.64, "text": "say"}, {"end": 284.88, "start": 284.88, "text": "these"}, {"end": 285.08, "start": 284.88, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 285.28, "start": 285.08, "text": "people"}, {"end": 285.48, "start": 285.28, "text": "are"}, {"end": 285.96, "start": 285.48, "text": "voting"}, {"end": 286.4, "start": 285.96, "text": "correctly"}, {"end": 286.44, "start": 286.4, "text": "with"}, {"end": 286.8, "start": 286.44, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 287.48, "start": 286.8, "text": "0.6"}, {"end": 287.96, "start": 287.48, "text": "and"}, {"end": 288.16, "start": 287.96, "text": "the"}, {"end": 288.48, "start": 288.16, "text": "purplish"}, {"end": 288.64, "start": 288.48, "text": "people"}, {"end": 288.68, "start": 288.64, "text": "with"}, {"end": 288.96, "start": 288.68, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 290.32, "start": 288.96, "text": "0.8."}, {"end": 290.8, "start": 290.32, "text": "Now"}, {"end": 290.8, "start": 290.8, "text": "if"}, {"end": 290.84, "start": 290.8, "text": "you"}, {"end": 291.6, "start": 290.84, "text": "just"}, {"end": 291.88, "start": 291.6, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 291.92, "start": 291.88, "text": "of"}, {"end": 292.2, "start": 291.92, "text": "run"}, {"end": 292.48, "start": 292.2, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 293.08, "start": 292.48, "text": "democracy,"}, {"end": 293.44, "start": 293.08, "text": "you"}, {"end": 293.64, "start": 293.44, "text": "let"}, {"end": 293.64, "start": 293.64, "text": "everyone"}, {"end": 293.88, "start": 293.64, "text": "vote,"}, {"end": 294.32, "start": 293.88, "text": "I"}, {"end": 294.32, "start": 294.32, "text": "did"}, {"end": 294.4, "start": 294.32, "text": "the"}, {"end": 294.56, "start": 294.4, "text": "math"}, {"end": 294.76, "start": 294.56, "text": "for"}, {"end": 295.04, "start": 294.76, "text": "you,"}, {"end": 295.24, "start": 295.04, "text": "the"}, {"end": 295.52, "start": 295.24, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 295.76, "start": 295.52, "text": "that"}, {"end": 296.28, "start": 295.76, "text": "at"}, {"end": 296.56, "start": 296.28, "text": "least"}, {"end": 296.84, "start": 296.56, "text": "four"}, {"end": 296.84, "start": 296.84, "text": "of"}, {"end": 296.96, "start": 296.84, "text": "these"}, {"end": 297.16, "start": 296.96, "text": "seven"}, {"end": 297.36, "start": 297.16, "text": "people"}, {"end": 297.48, "start": 297.36, "text": "are"}, {"end": 297.72, "start": 297.48, "text": "correct"}, {"end": 297.88, "start": 297.72, "text": "is"}, {"end": 298.12, "start": 297.88, "text": "about"}, {"end": 299.96, "start": 298.12, "text": "82%."}], "text": " right answer and they might sometimes make a mistake. So with some probability they vote, hopefully above a half, with some fixed probability they're voting for the correct thing and otherwise they vote incorrectly. And just to give you an idea how this works, so like say we have this society of seven people, let's say these blue people are voting correctly with probably 0.6 and the purplish people with probably 0.8. Now if you just sort of run direct democracy, you let everyone vote, I did the math for you, the probability that at least four of these seven people are correct is about 82%."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 300.52, "start": 300.0, "text": "Now"}, {"end": 300.68, "start": 300.52, "text": "let's"}, {"end": 301.12, "start": 300.68, "text": "instead"}, {"end": 301.4, "start": 301.12, "text": "assume"}, {"end": 301.72, "start": 301.4, "text": "that"}, {"end": 301.92, "start": 301.72, "text": "these"}, {"end": 302.12, "start": 301.92, "text": "two"}, {"end": 302.32, "start": 302.12, "text": "people,"}, {"end": 302.64, "start": 302.32, "text": "these"}, {"end": 302.68, "start": 302.64, "text": "two"}, {"end": 302.84, "start": 302.68, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 303.4, "start": 302.84, "text": "people,"}, {"end": 303.88, "start": 303.4, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 303.88, "start": 303.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 304.0, "start": 303.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 304.12, "start": 304.0, "text": "two"}, {"end": 304.44, "start": 304.12, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 304.52, "start": 304.44, "text": "people."}, {"end": 304.56, "start": 304.52, "text": "You"}, {"end": 305.56, "start": 304.56, "text": "can"}, {"end": 306.04, "start": 305.56, "text": "again"}, {"end": 306.04, "start": 306.04, "text": "rerun"}, {"end": 306.72, "start": 306.04, "text": "this"}, {"end": 307.12, "start": 306.72, "text": "math"}, {"end": 307.36, "start": 307.12, "text": "and"}, {"end": 307.68, "start": 307.36, "text": "just"}, {"end": 307.8, "start": 307.68, "text": "ask,"}, {"end": 308.12, "start": 307.8, "text": "what's"}, {"end": 308.12, "start": 308.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 308.48, "start": 308.12, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 309.36, "start": 308.48, "text": "majority"}, {"end": 309.6, "start": 309.36, "text": "now"}, {"end": 309.92, "start": 309.6, "text": "weighted"}, {"end": 310.52, "start": 309.92, "text": "by"}, {"end": 310.68, "start": 310.52, "text": "these"}, {"end": 311.24, "start": 310.68, "text": "delegations?"}, {"end": 311.36, "start": 311.24, "text": "The"}, {"end": 311.64, "start": 311.36, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 311.76, "start": 311.64, "text": "people"}, {"end": 312.0, "start": 311.76, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 312.2, "start": 312.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 312.2, "start": 312.2, "text": "have"}, {"end": 312.4, "start": 312.2, "text": "two"}, {"end": 313.2, "start": 312.4, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 313.4, "start": 313.2, "text": "that"}, {"end": 313.52, "start": 313.4, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 313.76, "start": 313.52, "text": "correct."}, {"end": 313.96, "start": 313.76, "text": "And"}, {"end": 314.12, "start": 313.96, "text": "we've"}, {"end": 314.32, "start": 314.12, "text": "seen"}, {"end": 314.32, "start": 314.32, "text": "it"}, {"end": 314.72, "start": 314.32, "text": "goes"}, {"end": 314.92, "start": 314.72, "text": "up"}, {"end": 315.0, "start": 314.92, "text": "a"}, {"end": 315.04, "start": 315.0, "text": "little"}, {"end": 315.04, "start": 315.04, "text": "bit."}, {"end": 315.04, "start": 315.04, "text": "We"}, {"end": 315.04, "start": 315.04, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 315.04, "start": 315.04, "text": "of,"}, {"end": 315.24, "start": 315.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 315.72, "start": 315.24, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 316.28, "start": 315.72, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 316.88, "start": 316.28, "text": "we"}, {"end": 317.04, "start": 316.88, "text": "made"}, {"end": 317.36, "start": 317.04, "text": "the"}, {"end": 317.68, "start": 317.36, "text": "correct"}, {"end": 318.24, "start": 317.68, "text": "answer"}, {"end": 318.44, "start": 318.24, "text": "is"}, {"end": 319.52, "start": 318.44, "text": "increased."}, {"end": 319.92, "start": 319.52, "text": "Now"}, {"end": 320.4, "start": 319.92, "text": "what"}, {"end": 321.08, "start": 320.4, "text": "else"}, {"end": 321.32, "start": 321.08, "text": "could"}, {"end": 321.36, "start": 321.32, "text": "happen?"}, {"end": 321.44, "start": 321.36, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 321.72, "start": 321.44, "text": "a"}, {"end": 322.0, "start": 321.72, "text": "few"}, {"end": 322.24, "start": 322.0, "text": "more"}, {"end": 322.52, "start": 322.24, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 322.76, "start": 322.52, "text": "happen."}, {"end": 322.96, "start": 322.76, "text": "These"}, {"end": 323.12, "start": 322.96, "text": "two"}, {"end": 323.28, "start": 323.12, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 323.68, "start": 323.28, "text": "people"}, {"end": 324.08, "start": 323.68, "text": "again"}, {"end": 324.28, "start": 324.08, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 324.52, "start": 324.28, "text": "to"}, {"end": 324.68, "start": 324.52, "text": "the"}, {"end": 324.8, "start": 324.68, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 325.16, "start": 324.8, "text": "person."}, {"end": 325.28, "start": 325.16, "text": "And"}, {"end": 326.12, "start": 325.28, "text": "now"}, {"end": 326.32, "start": 326.12, "text": "we"}, {"end": 327.0, "start": 326.32, "text": "have"}, {"end": 327.28, "start": 327.0, "text": "not"}, {"end": 327.48, "start": 327.28, "text": "a"}, {"end": 327.56, "start": 327.48, "text": "great"}, {"end": 327.92, "start": 327.56, "text": "situation,"}, {"end": 328.36, "start": 327.92, "text": "actually."}, {"end": 328.44, "start": 328.36, "text": "If"}, {"end": 328.72, "start": 328.44, "text": "you"}, {"end": 329.0, "start": 328.72, "text": "count"}, {"end": 329.04, "start": 329.0, "text": "the"}, {"end": 329.32, "start": 329.04, "text": "number"}, {"end": 329.32, "start": 329.32, "text": "of"}, {"end": 329.32, "start": 329.32, "text": "votes,"}, {"end": 329.32, "start": 329.32, "text": "this"}, {"end": 329.56, "start": 329.32, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 329.96, "start": 329.56, "text": "person"}], "text": " Now let's instead assume that these two people, these two blue people, delegate to the two purple people. You can again rerun this math and just ask, what's the probability majority now weighted by these delegations? The purple people sort of have two votes that they're correct. And we've seen it goes up a little bit. We sort of, you know, probably we made the correct answer is increased. Now what else could happen? Maybe a few more delegations happen. These two blue people again vote to the purple person. And now we have not a great situation, actually. If you count the number of votes, this purple person"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 330.28, "start": 330.0, "text": "person"}, {"end": 331.0, "start": 330.28, "text": "is"}, {"end": 331.56, "start": 331.0, "text": "accounted"}, {"end": 332.28, "start": 331.56, "text": "for"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.28, "text": "more"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.44, "text": "than"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.44, "text": "half"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.44, "text": "the"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.44, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 332.44, "start": 332.44, "text": "in"}, {"end": 332.56, "start": 332.44, "text": "the"}, {"end": 333.04, "start": 332.56, "text": "entire"}, {"end": 333.36, "start": 333.04, "text": "society,"}, {"end": 333.4, "start": 333.36, "text": "so"}, {"end": 333.64, "start": 333.4, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 333.76, "start": 333.64, "text": "almost"}, {"end": 333.96, "start": 333.76, "text": "like"}, {"end": 334.04, "start": 333.96, "text": "a"}, {"end": 335.04, "start": 334.04, "text": "dictator."}, {"end": 335.56, "start": 335.04, "text": "So"}, {"end": 335.92, "start": 335.56, "text": "the"}, {"end": 336.24, "start": 335.92, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 336.44, "start": 336.24, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 336.84, "start": 336.44, "text": "correct"}, {"end": 336.96, "start": 336.84, "text": "is"}, {"end": 337.12, "start": 336.96, "text": "just"}, {"end": 337.2, "start": 337.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 337.68, "start": 337.2, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 337.68, "start": 337.68, "text": "this"}, {"end": 337.92, "start": 337.68, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 338.24, "start": 337.92, "text": "person"}, {"end": 338.52, "start": 338.24, "text": "got"}, {"end": 339.12, "start": 338.52, "text": "it"}, {"end": 339.36, "start": 339.12, "text": "right."}, {"end": 339.76, "start": 339.36, "text": "So"}, {"end": 341.2, "start": 339.76, "text": "80%."}, {"end": 341.44, "start": 341.2, "text": "And"}, {"end": 341.68, "start": 341.44, "text": "even"}, {"end": 342.04, "start": 341.68, "text": "worse,"}, {"end": 342.28, "start": 342.04, "text": "this"}, {"end": 342.56, "start": 342.28, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 342.88, "start": 342.56, "text": "person"}, {"end": 343.08, "start": 342.88, "text": "may"}, {"end": 343.48, "start": 343.08, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 343.88, "start": 343.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 343.96, "start": 343.88, "text": "this"}, {"end": 344.32, "start": 343.96, "text": "other"}, {"end": 344.48, "start": 344.32, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 344.92, "start": 344.48, "text": "person,"}, {"end": 345.0, "start": 344.92, "text": "and"}, {"end": 345.4, "start": 345.0, "text": "now"}, {"end": 345.44, "start": 345.4, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 345.48, "start": 345.44, "text": "even"}, {"end": 345.68, "start": 345.48, "text": "much"}, {"end": 346.08, "start": 345.68, "text": "worse"}, {"end": 346.24, "start": 346.08, "text": "off."}, {"end": 346.44, "start": 346.24, "text": "Worse"}, {"end": 346.64, "start": 346.44, "text": "than"}, {"end": 346.68, "start": 346.64, "text": "if"}, {"end": 346.8, "start": 346.68, "text": "we"}, {"end": 346.84, "start": 346.8, "text": "had"}, {"end": 347.16, "start": 346.84, "text": "just"}, {"end": 347.4, "start": 347.16, "text": "run"}, {"end": 347.72, "start": 347.4, "text": "the"}, {"end": 348.44, "start": 347.72, "text": "classic"}, {"end": 349.2, "start": 348.44, "text": "majority"}, {"end": 349.44, "start": 349.2, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 350.44, "start": 349.44, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 350.88, "start": 350.44, "text": "election."}, {"end": 351.28, "start": 350.88, "text": "Because"}, {"end": 351.48, "start": 351.28, "text": "now"}, {"end": 351.48, "start": 351.48, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 351.96, "start": 351.48, "text": "just"}, {"end": 352.04, "start": 351.96, "text": "dependent"}, {"end": 352.04, "start": 352.04, "text": "on"}, {"end": 352.52, "start": 352.04, "text": "this"}, {"end": 352.68, "start": 352.52, "text": "one"}, {"end": 353.0, "start": 352.68, "text": "person"}, {"end": 353.24, "start": 353.0, "text": "here,"}, {"end": 353.44, "start": 353.24, "text": "and"}, {"end": 353.88, "start": 353.44, "text": "they"}, {"end": 354.2, "start": 353.88, "text": "only"}, {"end": 354.2, "start": 354.2, "text": "get"}, {"end": 354.2, "start": 354.2, "text": "it"}, {"end": 354.44, "start": 354.2, "text": "right"}, {"end": 354.64, "start": 354.44, "text": "with"}, {"end": 354.8, "start": 354.64, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 355.0, "start": 354.8, "text": "0.6."}, {"end": 355.0, "start": 355.0, "text": "And"}, {"end": 355.16, "start": 355.0, "text": "just"}, {"end": 355.16, "start": 355.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 355.16, "start": 355.16, "text": "give"}, {"end": 355.16, "start": 355.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 356.96, "start": 355.16, "text": "an"}, {"end": 357.92, "start": 356.96, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 358.16, "start": 357.92, "text": "of"}, {"end": 358.16, "start": 358.16, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 358.16, "start": 358.16, "text": "of"}, {"end": 358.16, "start": 358.16, "text": "like,"}, {"end": 358.56, "start": 358.16, "text": "when"}, {"end": 358.56, "start": 358.56, "text": "do"}, {"end": 358.76, "start": 358.56, "text": "things"}, {"end": 358.92, "start": 358.76, "text": "go"}, {"end": 359.32, "start": 358.92, "text": "well,"}, {"end": 359.44, "start": 359.32, "text": "and"}, {"end": 359.48, "start": 359.44, "text": "might"}, {"end": 359.6, "start": 359.48, "text": "they"}, {"end": 359.72, "start": 359.6, "text": "go"}, {"end": 359.96, "start": 359.72, "text": "wrong,"}], "text": " person is accounted for more than half the votes in the entire society, so they're almost like a dictator. So the probability we're correct is just the probability this purple person got it right. So 80%. And even worse, this purple person may delegate to this other blue person, and now we're even much worse off. Worse than if we had just run the classic majority direct democracy election. Because now we're just dependent on this one person here, and they only get it right with probably 0.6. And just to give you an idea of sort of like, when do things go well, and might they go wrong,"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 360.08, "start": 360.0, "text": "Things"}, {"end": 360.28, "start": 360.08, "text": "look"}, {"end": 360.64, "start": 360.28, "text": "really"}, {"end": 361.04, "start": 360.64, "text": "bad"}, {"end": 361.48, "start": 361.04, "text": "if"}, {"end": 361.64, "start": 361.48, "text": "you,"}, {"end": 361.76, "start": 361.64, "text": "sorry,"}, {"end": 361.84, "start": 361.76, "text": "things"}, {"end": 362.04, "start": 361.84, "text": "look"}, {"end": 362.64, "start": 362.04, "text": "really"}, {"end": 363.76, "start": 362.64, "text": "good"}, {"end": 364.16, "start": 363.76, "text": "if"}, {"end": 364.36, "start": 364.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 364.6, "start": 364.36, "text": "have"}, {"end": 364.8, "start": 364.6, "text": "a"}, {"end": 365.32, "start": 364.8, "text": "bunch"}, {"end": 365.44, "start": 365.32, "text": "of"}, {"end": 365.56, "start": 365.44, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 365.56, "start": 365.56, "text": "not"}, {"end": 365.68, "start": 365.56, "text": "too"}, {"end": 365.8, "start": 365.68, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 366.36, "start": 365.8, "text": "people"}, {"end": 366.52, "start": 366.36, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 366.92, "start": 366.52, "text": "to"}, {"end": 367.08, "start": 366.92, "text": "a"}, {"end": 367.56, "start": 367.08, "text": "single"}, {"end": 368.4, "start": 367.56, "text": "middle"}, {"end": 368.56, "start": 368.4, "text": "person."}, {"end": 368.6, "start": 368.56, "text": "If"}, {"end": 368.8, "start": 368.6, "text": "you"}, {"end": 369.0, "start": 368.8, "text": "just"}, {"end": 369.52, "start": 369.0, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 369.76, "start": 369.52, "text": "of"}, {"end": 369.92, "start": 369.76, "text": "let"}, {"end": 370.16, "start": 369.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 370.6, "start": 370.16, "text": "entire"}, {"end": 371.24, "start": 370.6, "text": "society"}, {"end": 371.64, "start": 371.24, "text": "vote,"}, {"end": 372.16, "start": 371.64, "text": "if"}, {"end": 372.32, "start": 372.16, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 372.72, "start": 372.32, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 373.08, "start": 372.72, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 373.84, "start": 373.08, "text": "it"}, {"end": 374.12, "start": 373.84, "text": "wrong,"}, {"end": 374.72, "start": 374.12, "text": "then"}, {"end": 375.12, "start": 374.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 375.64, "start": 375.12, "text": "overall"}, {"end": 376.04, "start": 375.64, "text": "decision's"}, {"end": 376.56, "start": 376.04, "text": "bad."}, {"end": 376.88, "start": 376.56, "text": "But"}, {"end": 377.24, "start": 376.88, "text": "if"}, {"end": 377.48, "start": 377.24, "text": "you"}, {"end": 377.92, "start": 377.48, "text": "all"}, {"end": 378.32, "start": 377.92, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 378.32, "start": 378.32, "text": "to"}, {"end": 378.32, "start": 378.32, "text": "this"}, {"end": 378.48, "start": 378.32, "text": "one"}, {"end": 378.68, "start": 378.48, "text": "person"}, {"end": 378.72, "start": 378.68, "text": "in"}, {"end": 379.12, "start": 378.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 379.24, "start": 379.12, "text": "middle,"}, {"end": 379.4, "start": 379.24, "text": "then"}, {"end": 379.56, "start": 379.4, "text": "things"}, {"end": 379.72, "start": 379.56, "text": "look"}, {"end": 380.52, "start": 379.72, "text": "good."}, {"end": 380.92, "start": 380.52, "text": "Although"}, {"end": 381.8, "start": 380.92, "text": "conversely,"}, {"end": 382.0, "start": 381.8, "text": "it"}, {"end": 382.0, "start": 382.0, "text": "can"}, {"end": 382.16, "start": 382.0, "text": "be"}, {"end": 382.24, "start": 382.16, "text": "a"}, {"end": 382.48, "start": 382.24, "text": "very"}, {"end": 382.92, "start": 382.48, "text": "similar"}, {"end": 383.12, "start": 382.92, "text": "looking"}, {"end": 383.64, "start": 383.12, "text": "situation,"}, {"end": 383.92, "start": 383.64, "text": "but"}, {"end": 384.2, "start": 383.92, "text": "now"}, {"end": 384.32, "start": 384.2, "text": "the"}, {"end": 384.96, "start": 384.32, "text": "outside"}, {"end": 385.4, "start": 384.96, "text": "people"}, {"end": 385.8, "start": 385.4, "text": "are"}, {"end": 386.16, "start": 385.8, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 386.44, "start": 386.16, "text": "it"}, {"end": 386.76, "start": 386.44, "text": "right"}, {"end": 387.0, "start": 386.76, "text": "with"}, {"end": 387.2, "start": 387.0, "text": "a"}, {"end": 387.8, "start": 387.2, "text": "60%"}, {"end": 387.96, "start": 387.8, "text": "probability."}, {"end": 388.2, "start": 387.96, "text": "And"}, {"end": 388.88, "start": 388.2, "text": "now"}, {"end": 389.04, "start": 388.88, "text": "when"}, {"end": 389.28, "start": 389.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 389.44, "start": 389.28, "text": "have"}, {"end": 389.56, "start": 389.44, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 389.56, "start": 389.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 389.96, "start": 389.56, "text": "people,"}], "text": " Things look really bad if you, sorry, things look really good if you have a bunch of maybe not too knowledgeable people delegating to a single middle person. If you just sort of let the entire society vote, if they're frequently getting it wrong, then the overall decision's bad. But if you all delegate to this one person in the middle, then things look good. Although conversely, it can be a very similar looking situation, but now the outside people are getting it right with a 60% probability. And now when you have lots of people,"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 390.4, "start": 390.0, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 390.68, "start": 390.4, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 390.92, "start": 390.68, "text": "going"}, {"end": 390.92, "start": 390.92, "text": "to"}, {"end": 391.16, "start": 390.92, "text": "very"}, {"end": 391.28, "start": 391.16, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 391.28, "start": 391.28, "text": "get"}, {"end": 391.32, "start": 391.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 391.64, "start": 391.32, "text": "right"}, {"end": 392.04, "start": 391.64, "text": "answer."}, {"end": 392.8, "start": 392.04, "text": "But"}, {"end": 393.08, "start": 392.8, "text": "if"}, {"end": 393.2, "start": 393.08, "text": "you"}, {"end": 393.2, "start": 393.2, "text": "do"}, {"end": 393.36, "start": 393.2, "text": "these"}, {"end": 393.88, "start": 393.36, "text": "delegations,"}, {"end": 394.32, "start": 393.88, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 394.56, "start": 394.32, "text": "only"}, {"end": 394.56, "start": 394.56, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 394.56, "start": 394.56, "text": "right"}, {"end": 394.88, "start": 394.56, "text": "8%"}, {"end": 394.88, "start": 394.88, "text": "of"}, {"end": 394.88, "start": 394.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 395.2, "start": 394.88, "text": "time."}, {"end": 395.28, "start": 395.2, "text": "So"}, {"end": 395.64, "start": 395.28, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 395.72, "start": 395.64, "text": "not"}, {"end": 395.96, "start": 395.72, "text": "quite"}, {"end": 395.96, "start": 395.96, "text": "as"}, {"end": 395.96, "start": 395.96, "text": "good."}, {"end": 395.96, "start": 395.96, "text": "And"}, {"end": 396.08, "start": 395.96, "text": "the"}, {"end": 396.72, "start": 396.08, "text": "key"}, {"end": 398.04, "start": 396.72, "text": "takeaway"}, {"end": 398.24, "start": 398.04, "text": "is"}, {"end": 398.88, "start": 398.24, "text": "how"}, {"end": 399.04, "start": 398.88, "text": "well"}, {"end": 399.16, "start": 399.04, "text": "liquidity"}, {"end": 399.52, "start": 399.16, "text": "performs"}, {"end": 400.12, "start": 399.52, "text": "really"}, {"end": 400.56, "start": 400.12, "text": "depends"}, {"end": 400.64, "start": 400.56, "text": "on"}, {"end": 400.88, "start": 400.64, "text": "these"}, {"end": 401.4, "start": 400.88, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 401.44, "start": 401.4, "text": "behaviors,"}, {"end": 401.52, "start": 401.44, "text": "really"}, {"end": 401.76, "start": 401.52, "text": "depends"}, {"end": 401.84, "start": 401.76, "text": "on"}, {"end": 402.04, "start": 401.84, "text": "the"}, {"end": 403.12, "start": 402.04, "text": "context."}, {"end": 403.84, "start": 403.12, "text": "So"}, {"end": 404.28, "start": 403.84, "text": "there"}, {"end": 405.6, "start": 404.28, "text": "has"}, {"end": 406.24, "start": 405.6, "text": "been"}, {"end": 406.56, "start": 406.24, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 406.88, "start": 406.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 407.2, "start": 406.88, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 407.92, "start": 407.2, "text": "research"}, {"end": 408.16, "start": 407.92, "text": "on"}, {"end": 408.36, "start": 408.16, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 408.48, "start": 408.36, "text": "but"}, {"end": 408.48, "start": 408.48, "text": "the"}, {"end": 408.48, "start": 408.48, "text": "talk"}, {"end": 408.64, "start": 408.48, "text": "today"}, {"end": 409.04, "start": 408.64, "text": "is"}, {"end": 409.32, "start": 409.04, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 409.44, "start": 409.32, "text": "about"}, {"end": 409.56, "start": 409.44, "text": "some"}, {"end": 410.0, "start": 409.56, "text": "real"}, {"end": 410.2, "start": 410.0, "text": "world"}, {"end": 410.52, "start": 410.2, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 410.64, "start": 410.52, "text": "we"}, {"end": 411.56, "start": 410.64, "text": "ran."}, {"end": 411.88, "start": 411.56, "text": "And"}, {"end": 412.28, "start": 411.88, "text": "we"}, {"end": 412.28, "start": 412.28, "text": "did"}, {"end": 412.72, "start": 412.28, "text": "these"}, {"end": 412.76, "start": 412.72, "text": "in"}, {"end": 413.32, "start": 412.76, "text": "small"}, {"end": 414.16, "start": 413.32, "text": "classroom"}, {"end": 415.76, "start": 414.16, "text": "settings."}, {"end": 416.16, "start": 415.76, "text": "And"}, {"end": 416.44, "start": 416.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 416.76, "start": 416.44, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 416.96, "start": 416.76, "text": "is"}, {"end": 417.08, "start": 416.96, "text": "we"}, {"end": 417.96, "start": 417.08, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 418.44, "start": 417.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 418.72, "start": 418.44, "text": "asked"}, {"end": 418.72, "start": 418.72, "text": "these"}, {"end": 418.8, "start": 418.72, "text": "people"}, {"end": 418.88, "start": 418.8, "text": "some"}, {"end": 419.96, "start": 418.88, "text": "questions."}], "text": " they're actually going to very frequently get the right answer. But if you do these delegations, you're only getting right 8% of the time. So maybe not quite as good. And the key takeaway is how well liquidity performs really depends on these delegation behaviors, really depends on the context. So there has been lots of theoretical research on this, but the talk today is actually about some real world experiments we ran. And we did these in small classroom settings. And the idea is we sort of asked these people some questions."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 420.12, "start": 420.0, "text": "You're"}, {"end": 420.16, "start": 420.12, "text": "going"}, {"end": 420.28, "start": 420.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 420.72, "start": 420.28, "text": "be"}, {"end": 420.96, "start": 420.72, "text": "asked"}, {"end": 421.08, "start": 420.96, "text": "a"}, {"end": 421.08, "start": 421.08, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 421.08, "start": 421.08, "text": "of"}, {"end": 421.68, "start": 421.08, "text": "questions"}, {"end": 422.08, "start": 421.68, "text": "about"}, {"end": 423.0, "start": 422.08, "text": "the"}, {"end": 423.32, "start": 423.0, "text": "meaning"}, {"end": 423.44, "start": 423.32, "text": "of"}, {"end": 423.68, "start": 423.44, "text": "some"}, {"end": 424.24, "start": 423.68, "text": "English"}, {"end": 425.04, "start": 424.24, "text": "idioms"}, {"end": 425.4, "start": 425.04, "text": "or"}, {"end": 425.6, "start": 425.4, "text": "about"}, {"end": 425.76, "start": 425.6, "text": "some"}, {"end": 426.24, "start": 425.76, "text": "movies,"}, {"end": 426.48, "start": 426.24, "text": "some"}, {"end": 426.84, "start": 426.48, "text": "trivia"}, {"end": 427.28, "start": 426.84, "text": "knowledge."}, {"end": 427.72, "start": 427.28, "text": "And"}, {"end": 427.96, "start": 427.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 428.16, "start": 427.96, "text": "have"}, {"end": 428.16, "start": 428.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 428.16, "start": 428.16, "text": "option"}, {"end": 428.16, "start": 428.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 428.48, "start": 428.16, "text": "can"}, {"end": 428.88, "start": 428.48, "text": "either"}, {"end": 429.24, "start": 428.88, "text": "choose"}, {"end": 429.32, "start": 429.24, "text": "to"}, {"end": 429.52, "start": 429.32, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 429.72, "start": 429.52, "text": "directly"}, {"end": 429.76, "start": 429.72, "text": "on"}, {"end": 430.4, "start": 429.76, "text": "this"}, {"end": 430.52, "start": 430.4, "text": "or"}, {"end": 430.8, "start": 430.52, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 431.04, "start": 430.8, "text": "your"}, {"end": 431.24, "start": 431.04, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 431.28, "start": 431.24, "text": "to"}, {"end": 431.56, "start": 431.28, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 431.84, "start": 431.56, "text": "else"}, {"end": 431.88, "start": 431.84, "text": "in"}, {"end": 431.92, "start": 431.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 432.24, "start": 431.92, "text": "classroom"}, {"end": 432.4, "start": 432.24, "text": "that"}, {"end": 432.56, "start": 432.4, "text": "you"}, {"end": 432.72, "start": 432.56, "text": "might"}, {"end": 432.92, "start": 432.72, "text": "think"}, {"end": 433.04, "start": 432.92, "text": "is"}, {"end": 434.92, "start": 433.04, "text": "better"}, {"end": 435.68, "start": 434.92, "text": "than"}, {"end": 435.92, "start": 435.68, "text": "you."}, {"end": 436.2, "start": 435.92, "text": "So"}, {"end": 436.48, "start": 436.2, "text": "here"}, {"end": 436.6, "start": 436.48, "text": "are"}, {"end": 436.92, "start": 436.6, "text": "some"}, {"end": 437.6, "start": 436.92, "text": "examples"}, {"end": 437.6, "start": 437.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 437.6, "start": 437.6, "text": "some"}, {"end": 437.64, "start": 437.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 437.76, "start": 437.64, "text": "my"}, {"end": 438.32, "start": 437.76, "text": "questions."}, {"end": 438.32, "start": 438.32, "text": "We"}, {"end": 438.32, "start": 438.32, "text": "took"}, {"end": 438.32, "start": 438.32, "text": "it"}, {"end": 438.32, "start": 438.32, "text": "from"}, {"end": 438.4, "start": 438.32, "text": "this"}, {"end": 438.84, "start": 438.4, "text": "big,"}, {"end": 439.0, "start": 438.84, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 439.04, "start": 439.0, "text": "been"}, {"end": 439.24, "start": 439.04, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 439.6, "start": 439.24, "text": "of"}, {"end": 439.92, "start": 439.6, "text": "studies."}, {"end": 440.2, "start": 439.92, "text": "We"}, {"end": 440.2, "start": 440.2, "text": "didn't"}, {"end": 440.56, "start": 440.2, "text": "make"}, {"end": 440.72, "start": 440.56, "text": "these"}, {"end": 440.76, "start": 440.72, "text": "questions"}, {"end": 441.24, "start": 440.76, "text": "ourselves."}, {"end": 441.52, "start": 441.24, "text": "This"}, {"end": 441.6, "start": 441.52, "text": "is"}, {"end": 441.64, "start": 441.6, "text": "like"}, {"end": 441.8, "start": 441.64, "text": "big"}, {"end": 442.44, "start": 441.8, "text": "corpus"}, {"end": 442.72, "start": 442.44, "text": "of"}, {"end": 443.56, "start": 442.72, "text": "questions"}, {"end": 443.8, "start": 443.56, "text": "used"}, {"end": 444.24, "start": 443.8, "text": "by"}, {"end": 444.48, "start": 444.24, "text": "some"}, {"end": 444.64, "start": 444.48, "text": "like"}, {"end": 444.72, "start": 444.64, "text": "Stanford"}, {"end": 445.12, "start": 444.72, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 445.16, "start": 445.12, "text": "that"}, {"end": 445.32, "start": 445.16, "text": "we"}, {"end": 445.52, "start": 445.32, "text": "just"}, {"end": 445.96, "start": 445.52, "text": "copied"}, {"end": 446.12, "start": 445.96, "text": "their"}, {"end": 446.4, "start": 446.12, "text": "questions."}, {"end": 447.68, "start": 446.4, "text": "And"}, {"end": 448.16, "start": 447.68, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 448.32, "start": 448.16, "text": "all"}, {"end": 448.6, "start": 448.32, "text": "true"}, {"end": 448.8, "start": 448.6, "text": "false"}, {"end": 449.08, "start": 448.8, "text": "questions."}, {"end": 449.08, "start": 449.08, "text": "They're"}, {"end": 449.08, "start": 449.08, "text": "either"}, {"end": 449.08, "start": 449.08, "text": "a"}, {"end": 449.28, "start": 449.08, "text": "yes"}, {"end": 449.96, "start": 449.28, "text": "or"}], "text": " You're going to be asked a lot of questions about the meaning of some English idioms or about some movies, some trivia knowledge. And you have the option you can either choose to vote directly on this or delegate your vote to someone else in the classroom that you might think is better than you. So here are some examples of some of my questions. We took it from this big, there's been lots of studies. We didn't make these questions ourselves. This is like big corpus of questions used by some like Stanford experiments that we just copied their questions. And they're all true false questions. They're either a yes or"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 450.2, "start": 450.0, "text": "Just"}, {"end": 451.76, "start": 450.2, "text": "two"}, {"end": 452.68, "start": 451.76, "text": "options."}, {"end": 452.92, "start": 452.68, "text": "Right,"}, {"end": 453.08, "start": 452.92, "text": "so"}, {"end": 453.48, "start": 453.08, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 453.8, "start": 453.48, "text": "similar"}, {"end": 453.96, "start": 453.8, "text": "thing"}, {"end": 454.12, "start": 453.96, "text": "with"}, {"end": 455.0, "start": 454.12, "text": "movies."}, {"end": 455.08, "start": 455.0, "text": "And"}, {"end": 456.08, "start": 455.08, "text": "the"}, {"end": 456.64, "start": 456.08, "text": "nice"}, {"end": 457.32, "start": 456.64, "text": "thing"}, {"end": 457.76, "start": 457.32, "text": "about"}, {"end": 458.08, "start": 457.76, "text": "running"}, {"end": 458.2, "start": 458.08, "text": "these"}, {"end": 458.6, "start": 458.2, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 458.84, "start": 458.6, "text": "is"}, {"end": 459.2, "start": 458.84, "text": "that"}, {"end": 459.44, "start": 459.2, "text": "we"}, {"end": 459.68, "start": 459.44, "text": "not"}, {"end": 459.8, "start": 459.68, "text": "only"}, {"end": 459.88, "start": 459.8, "text": "ask"}, {"end": 459.88, "start": 459.88, "text": "people"}, {"end": 460.0, "start": 459.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 460.56, "start": 460.0, "text": "delegate,"}, {"end": 460.8, "start": 460.56, "text": "even"}, {"end": 460.8, "start": 460.8, "text": "if"}, {"end": 460.92, "start": 460.8, "text": "you"}, {"end": 461.2, "start": 460.92, "text": "chose"}, {"end": 461.32, "start": 461.2, "text": "to"}, {"end": 461.76, "start": 461.32, "text": "delegate,"}, {"end": 462.24, "start": 461.76, "text": "you"}, {"end": 462.6, "start": 462.24, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 462.64, "start": 462.6, "text": "were"}, {"end": 462.84, "start": 462.64, "text": "forced"}, {"end": 463.0, "start": 462.84, "text": "to"}, {"end": 463.12, "start": 463.0, "text": "answer"}, {"end": 463.2, "start": 463.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 463.56, "start": 463.2, "text": "question"}, {"end": 463.68, "start": 463.56, "text": "as"}, {"end": 463.88, "start": 463.68, "text": "well."}, {"end": 463.88, "start": 463.88, "text": "So"}, {"end": 464.4, "start": 463.88, "text": "we"}, {"end": 464.64, "start": 464.4, "text": "have"}, {"end": 465.0, "start": 464.64, "text": "an"}, {"end": 465.44, "start": 465.0, "text": "idea,"}, {"end": 465.52, "start": 465.44, "text": "we"}, {"end": 465.6, "start": 465.52, "text": "can"}, {"end": 466.04, "start": 465.6, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 466.4, "start": 466.04, "text": "compute"}, {"end": 466.56, "start": 466.4, "text": "these"}, {"end": 467.56, "start": 466.56, "text": "counterfactuals."}, {"end": 467.72, "start": 467.56, "text": "What"}, {"end": 468.0, "start": 467.72, "text": "would"}, {"end": 468.2, "start": 468.0, "text": "have"}, {"end": 468.44, "start": 468.2, "text": "happened"}, {"end": 468.52, "start": 468.44, "text": "if"}, {"end": 468.76, "start": 468.52, "text": "fewer"}, {"end": 469.04, "start": 468.76, "text": "people"}, {"end": 469.32, "start": 469.04, "text": "delegated,"}, {"end": 469.52, "start": 469.32, "text": "if"}, {"end": 469.72, "start": 469.52, "text": "they"}, {"end": 469.96, "start": 469.72, "text": "just"}, {"end": 470.44, "start": 469.96, "text": "voted"}, {"end": 470.64, "start": 470.44, "text": "directly,"}, {"end": 471.08, "start": 470.64, "text": "or"}, {"end": 471.08, "start": 471.08, "text": "what"}, {"end": 471.28, "start": 471.08, "text": "happens"}, {"end": 471.48, "start": 471.28, "text": "when"}, {"end": 471.6, "start": 471.48, "text": "they"}, {"end": 471.84, "start": 471.6, "text": "do"}, {"end": 472.04, "start": 471.84, "text": "delegate?"}, {"end": 472.32, "start": 472.04, "text": "How"}, {"end": 473.44, "start": 472.32, "text": "often"}, {"end": 473.72, "start": 473.44, "text": "are"}, {"end": 473.8, "start": 473.72, "text": "we"}, {"end": 474.08, "start": 473.8, "text": "right?"}, {"end": 474.16, "start": 474.08, "text": "And"}, {"end": 474.28, "start": 474.16, "text": "so"}, {"end": 474.56, "start": 474.28, "text": "we"}, {"end": 475.0, "start": 474.56, "text": "immediately"}, {"end": 475.0, "start": 475.0, "text": "get"}, {"end": 475.32, "start": 475.0, "text": "these"}, {"end": 475.84, "start": 475.32, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 476.48, "start": 475.84, "text": "graphs,"}, {"end": 476.64, "start": 476.48, "text": "right?"}, {"end": 477.12, "start": 476.64, "text": "In"}, {"end": 477.64, "start": 477.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 478.16, "start": 477.64, "text": "nodes,"}, {"end": 478.52, "start": 478.16, "text": "we"}, {"end": 478.8, "start": 478.52, "text": "have"}, {"end": 478.96, "start": 478.8, "text": "an"}, {"end": 479.2, "start": 478.96, "text": "estimate"}, {"end": 479.44, "start": 479.2, "text": "of"}, {"end": 479.96, "start": 479.44, "text": "how,"}], "text": " Just two options. Right, so again, similar thing with movies. And the nice thing about running these experiments is that we not only ask people to delegate, even if you chose to delegate, you actually were forced to answer the question as well. So we have an idea, we can actually compute these counterfactuals. What would have happened if fewer people delegated, if they just voted directly, or what happens when they do delegate? How often are we right? And so we immediately get these delegation graphs, right? In the nodes, we have an estimate of how,"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 480.12, "start": 480.0, "text": "good"}, {"end": 481.04, "start": 480.12, "text": "people"}, {"end": 481.4, "start": 481.04, "text": "are"}, {"end": 481.88, "start": 481.4, "text": "answering"}, {"end": 482.04, "start": 481.88, "text": "these"}, {"end": 482.4, "start": 482.04, "text": "questions,"}, {"end": 482.52, "start": 482.4, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 482.76, "start": 482.52, "text": "from"}, {"end": 482.92, "start": 482.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 483.04, "start": 482.92, "text": "different"}, {"end": 483.28, "start": 483.04, "text": "set"}, {"end": 483.4, "start": 483.28, "text": "of"}, {"end": 484.4, "start": 483.4, "text": "questions."}, {"end": 484.68, "start": 484.4, "text": "And"}, {"end": 484.8, "start": 484.68, "text": "we"}, {"end": 485.0, "start": 484.8, "text": "can"}, {"end": 485.0, "start": 485.0, "text": "see"}, {"end": 485.0, "start": 485.0, "text": "what"}, {"end": 485.12, "start": 485.0, "text": "the"}, {"end": 485.56, "start": 485.12, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 485.68, "start": 485.56, "text": "look"}, {"end": 485.88, "start": 485.68, "text": "like."}, {"end": 486.0, "start": 485.88, "text": "So"}, {"end": 487.2, "start": 486.0, "text": "sometimes"}, {"end": 487.56, "start": 487.2, "text": "things"}, {"end": 487.76, "start": 487.56, "text": "look"}, {"end": 487.8, "start": 487.76, "text": "good,"}, {"end": 487.96, "start": 487.8, "text": "like"}, {"end": 488.24, "start": 487.96, "text": "over"}, {"end": 488.64, "start": 488.24, "text": "here,"}, {"end": 488.68, "start": 488.64, "text": "we"}, {"end": 489.12, "start": 488.68, "text": "have"}, {"end": 489.72, "start": 489.12, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 489.88, "start": 489.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 490.36, "start": 489.88, "text": "some"}, {"end": 490.52, "start": 490.36, "text": "less"}, {"end": 490.8, "start": 490.52, "text": "competent"}, {"end": 491.36, "start": 490.8, "text": "people"}, {"end": 491.72, "start": 491.36, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 492.12, "start": 491.72, "text": "here."}, {"end": 492.32, "start": 492.12, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 492.64, "start": 492.32, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 492.88, "start": 492.64, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 493.08, "start": 492.88, "text": "who"}, {"end": 493.24, "start": 493.08, "text": "is"}, {"end": 493.52, "start": 493.24, "text": "really"}, {"end": 494.0, "start": 493.52, "text": "good"}, {"end": 494.08, "start": 494.0, "text": "at"}, {"end": 494.28, "start": 494.08, "text": "this"}, {"end": 495.36, "start": 494.28, "text": "category."}, {"end": 495.36, "start": 495.36, "text": "It"}, {"end": 495.56, "start": 495.36, "text": "doesn't"}, {"end": 495.88, "start": 495.56, "text": "always"}, {"end": 496.12, "start": 495.88, "text": "work"}, {"end": 496.44, "start": 496.12, "text": "well."}, {"end": 496.64, "start": 496.44, "text": "We"}, {"end": 496.64, "start": 496.64, "text": "have"}, {"end": 496.76, "start": 496.64, "text": "people"}, {"end": 496.8, "start": 496.76, "text": "here"}, {"end": 496.96, "start": 496.8, "text": "that,"}, {"end": 497.0, "start": 496.96, "text": "these"}, {"end": 497.36, "start": 497.0, "text": "numbers"}, {"end": 497.4, "start": 497.36, "text": "are"}, {"end": 497.68, "start": 497.4, "text": "a"}, {"end": 498.32, "start": 497.68, "text": "little"}, {"end": 498.84, "start": 498.32, "text": "small,"}, {"end": 499.08, "start": 498.84, "text": "but"}, {"end": 499.36, "start": 499.08, "text": "this"}, {"end": 499.6, "start": 499.36, "text": "is"}, {"end": 499.64, "start": 499.6, "text": "a"}, {"end": 499.68, "start": 499.64, "text": "good"}, {"end": 499.92, "start": 499.68, "text": "number,"}, {"end": 500.32, "start": 499.92, "text": "this"}, {"end": 500.56, "start": 500.32, "text": "is"}, {"end": 500.76, "start": 500.56, "text": "a"}, {"end": 500.92, "start": 500.76, "text": "bad"}, {"end": 501.12, "start": 500.92, "text": "number."}, {"end": 501.92, "start": 501.12, "text": "So"}, {"end": 502.4, "start": 501.92, "text": "sometimes"}, {"end": 502.6, "start": 502.4, "text": "people"}, {"end": 502.76, "start": 502.6, "text": "are"}, {"end": 503.28, "start": 502.76, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 503.4, "start": 503.28, "text": "to"}, {"end": 503.6, "start": 503.4, "text": "people"}, {"end": 504.2, "start": 503.6, "text": "that"}, {"end": 504.36, "start": 504.2, "text": "weren't"}, {"end": 504.72, "start": 504.36, "text": "quite"}, {"end": 504.96, "start": 504.72, "text": "as"}, {"end": 504.96, "start": 504.96, "text": "good"}, {"end": 504.96, "start": 504.96, "text": "as"}, {"end": 505.48, "start": 504.96, "text": "themselves"}, {"end": 505.68, "start": 505.48, "text": "and"}, {"end": 505.68, "start": 505.68, "text": "it"}, {"end": 505.68, "start": 505.68, "text": "doesn't"}, {"end": 505.92, "start": 505.68, "text": "work"}, {"end": 506.12, "start": 505.92, "text": "quite"}, {"end": 506.24, "start": 506.12, "text": "as"}, {"end": 506.56, "start": 506.24, "text": "well."}, {"end": 506.76, "start": 506.56, "text": "But"}, {"end": 507.2, "start": 506.76, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 507.52, "start": 507.2, "text": "just"}, {"end": 507.72, "start": 507.52, "text": "cool"}, {"end": 507.72, "start": 507.72, "text": "that"}, {"end": 508.88, "start": 507.72, "text": "we"}, {"end": 509.2, "start": 508.88, "text": "can"}, {"end": 509.44, "start": 509.2, "text": "immediately"}, {"end": 509.44, "start": 509.44, "text": "look"}, {"end": 509.44, "start": 509.44, "text": "at"}, {"end": 509.76, "start": 509.44, "text": "and"}, {"end": 509.96, "start": 509.76, "text": "observe"}], "text": " good people are answering these questions, maybe from a different set of questions. And we can see what the delegations look like. So sometimes things look good, like over here, we have sort of some less competent people delegating here. It's actually someone who is really good at this category. It doesn't always work well. We have people here that, these numbers are a little small, but this is a good number, this is a bad number. So sometimes people are delegating to people that weren't quite as good as themselves and it doesn't work quite as well. But it's just cool that we can immediately look at and observe"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 510.2, "start": 510.0, "text": "serve"}, {"end": 510.4, "start": 510.2, "text": "these"}, {"end": 510.92, "start": 510.4, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 511.32, "start": 510.92, "text": "graphs"}, {"end": 511.44, "start": 511.32, "text": "rather"}, {"end": 511.56, "start": 511.44, "text": "than"}, {"end": 511.84, "start": 511.56, "text": "just"}, {"end": 512.2, "start": 511.84, "text": "implicitly"}, {"end": 512.48, "start": 512.2, "text": "assuming"}, {"end": 513.44, "start": 512.48, "text": "them"}, {"end": 513.8, "start": 513.44, "text": "from"}, {"end": 514.12, "start": 513.8, "text": "some"}, {"end": 515.24, "start": 514.12, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 517.24, "start": 515.24, "text": "model."}, {"end": 518.52, "start": 517.24, "text": "And"}, {"end": 519.08, "start": 518.52, "text": "using"}, {"end": 519.32, "start": 519.08, "text": "this"}, {"end": 519.84, "start": 519.32, "text": "information,"}, {"end": 519.96, "start": 519.84, "text": "we"}, {"end": 520.12, "start": 519.96, "text": "can"}, {"end": 520.32, "start": 520.12, "text": "also"}, {"end": 520.72, "start": 520.32, "text": "immediately"}, {"end": 521.28, "start": 520.72, "text": "compare"}, {"end": 521.52, "start": 521.28, "text": "how"}, {"end": 521.56, "start": 521.52, "text": "good"}, {"end": 522.08, "start": 521.56, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 522.68, "start": 522.08, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 523.04, "start": 522.68, "text": "does"}, {"end": 523.72, "start": 523.04, "text": "compared"}, {"end": 523.72, "start": 523.72, "text": "to"}, {"end": 524.04, "start": 523.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 524.48, "start": 524.04, "text": "counterfactual"}, {"end": 524.52, "start": 524.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 524.88, "start": 524.52, "text": "everyone"}, {"end": 525.12, "start": 524.88, "text": "just"}, {"end": 525.4, "start": 525.12, "text": "directly"}, {"end": 526.36, "start": 525.4, "text": "voting."}, {"end": 526.76, "start": 526.36, "text": "So"}, {"end": 526.92, "start": 526.76, "text": "this"}, {"end": 527.04, "start": 526.92, "text": "is"}, {"end": 527.52, "start": 527.04, "text": "across"}, {"end": 527.96, "start": 527.52, "text": "our"}, {"end": 528.24, "start": 527.96, "text": "several"}, {"end": 528.52, "start": 528.24, "text": "different"}, {"end": 529.12, "start": 528.52, "text": "categories"}, {"end": 529.2, "start": 529.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 530.28, "start": 529.2, "text": "questions"}, {"end": 530.48, "start": 530.28, "text": "and"}, {"end": 530.88, "start": 530.48, "text": "specific"}, {"end": 531.08, "start": 530.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 531.28, "start": 531.08, "text": "different"}, {"end": 531.88, "start": 531.28, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 531.92, "start": 531.88, "text": "we"}, {"end": 532.16, "start": 531.92, "text": "run."}, {"end": 532.36, "start": 532.16, "text": "We"}, {"end": 532.44, "start": 532.36, "text": "write"}, {"end": 532.44, "start": 532.44, "text": "it"}, {"end": 532.52, "start": 532.44, "text": "in"}, {"end": 532.8, "start": 532.52, "text": "several"}, {"end": 533.96, "start": 532.8, "text": "classrooms."}, {"end": 534.52, "start": 533.96, "text": "And"}, {"end": 534.88, "start": 534.52, "text": "we"}, {"end": 535.44, "start": 534.88, "text": "see"}, {"end": 535.64, "start": 535.44, "text": "across"}, {"end": 535.8, "start": 535.64, "text": "all"}, {"end": 536.0, "start": 535.8, "text": "these,"}, {"end": 536.28, "start": 536.0, "text": "the"}, {"end": 536.68, "start": 536.28, "text": "purple"}, {"end": 537.28, "start": 536.68, "text": "triangle"}, {"end": 537.84, "start": 537.28, "text": "represents"}, {"end": 538.24, "start": 537.84, "text": "the"}, {"end": 538.72, "start": 538.24, "text": "frequency"}, {"end": 538.72, "start": 538.72, "text": "that"}, {"end": 539.0, "start": 538.72, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 539.6, "start": 539.0, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 539.6, "start": 539.6, "text": "was"}, {"end": 539.96, "start": 539.6, "text": "correct"}], "text": " serve these delegation graphs rather than just implicitly assuming them from some theoretical model. And using this information, we can also immediately compare how good liquid democracy does compared to the counterfactual of everyone just directly voting. So this is across our several different categories of questions and specific to different experiments we run. We write it in several classrooms. And we see across all these, the purple triangle represents the frequency that liquid democracy was correct"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 540.56, "start": 540.0, "text": "the"}, {"end": 540.76, "start": 540.56, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 541.12, "start": 540.76, "text": "dot"}, {"end": 541.36, "start": 541.12, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 541.88, "start": 541.36, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 542.12, "start": 541.88, "text": "So"}, {"end": 542.36, "start": 542.12, "text": "very"}, {"end": 543.24, "start": 542.36, "text": "consistently"}, {"end": 543.32, "start": 543.24, "text": "look"}, {"end": 543.4, "start": 543.32, "text": "at"}, {"end": 544.0, "start": 543.4, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 544.08, "start": 544.0, "text": "is"}, {"end": 544.4, "start": 544.08, "text": "outperforming"}, {"end": 544.56, "start": 544.4, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 544.68, "start": 544.56, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 544.76, "start": 544.68, "text": "by"}, {"end": 544.84, "start": 544.76, "text": "at"}, {"end": 544.96, "start": 544.84, "text": "least"}, {"end": 545.48, "start": 544.96, "text": "a"}, {"end": 545.96, "start": 545.48, "text": "little"}, {"end": 548.96, "start": 545.96, "text": "bit."}, {"end": 549.6, "start": 548.96, "text": "And"}, {"end": 550.08, "start": 549.6, "text": "we"}, {"end": 550.32, "start": 550.08, "text": "can"}, {"end": 550.8, "start": 550.32, "text": "also"}, {"end": 551.76, "start": 550.8, "text": "compute"}, {"end": 552.32, "start": 551.76, "text": "using"}, {"end": 553.56, "start": 552.32, "text": "these"}, {"end": 554.8, "start": 553.56, "text": "like"}, {"end": 555.76, "start": 554.8, "text": "estimated"}, {"end": 556.4, "start": 555.76, "text": "expertises"}, {"end": 556.6, "start": 556.4, "text": "how"}, {"end": 556.8, "start": 556.6, "text": "good"}, {"end": 557.32, "start": 556.8, "text": "we"}, {"end": 557.64, "start": 557.32, "text": "expect"}, {"end": 557.96, "start": 557.64, "text": "people"}, {"end": 558.16, "start": 557.96, "text": "to"}, {"end": 558.28, "start": 558.16, "text": "be"}, {"end": 558.32, "start": 558.28, "text": "at"}, {"end": 558.32, "start": 558.32, "text": "different"}, {"end": 558.92, "start": 558.32, "text": "categories"}, {"end": 559.12, "start": 558.92, "text": "based"}, {"end": 559.28, "start": 559.12, "text": "on"}, {"end": 559.52, "start": 559.28, "text": "a"}, {"end": 559.56, "start": 559.52, "text": "few"}, {"end": 559.96, "start": 559.56, "text": "other"}, {"end": 560.76, "start": 559.96, "text": "questions,"}, {"end": 561.04, "start": 560.76, "text": "how"}, {"end": 561.32, "start": 561.04, "text": "these"}, {"end": 562.28, "start": 561.32, "text": "exercises"}, {"end": 563.0, "start": 562.28, "text": "increase"}, {"end": 563.2, "start": 563.0, "text": "among"}, {"end": 563.64, "start": 563.2, "text": "delegation."}, {"end": 563.72, "start": 563.64, "text": "Do"}, {"end": 563.84, "start": 563.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 564.04, "start": 563.84, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 564.12, "start": 564.04, "text": "to"}, {"end": 564.6, "start": 564.12, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 564.6, "start": 564.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 564.76, "start": 564.6, "text": "people"}, {"end": 564.84, "start": 564.76, "text": "that"}, {"end": 565.2, "start": 564.84, "text": "are"}, {"end": 565.76, "start": 565.2, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 566.56, "start": 565.76, "text": "better"}, {"end": 566.68, "start": 566.56, "text": "at"}, {"end": 566.96, "start": 566.68, "text": "the"}, {"end": 567.6, "start": 566.96, "text": "topic?"}, {"end": 567.96, "start": 567.6, "text": "And"}, {"end": 568.16, "start": 567.96, "text": "we"}, {"end": 568.32, "start": 568.16, "text": "do"}, {"end": 568.88, "start": 568.32, "text": "see"}, {"end": 569.08, "start": 568.88, "text": "in"}, {"end": 569.28, "start": 569.08, "text": "several"}, {"end": 569.96, "start": 569.28, "text": "categories"}], "text": " the blue dot direct democracy. So very consistently look at democracy is outperforming direct democracy by at least a little bit. And we can also compute using these like estimated expertises how good we expect people to be at different categories based on a few other questions, how these exercises increase among delegation. Do you tend to delegate to people that are actually better at the topic? And we do see in several categories"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 570.16, "start": 570.0, "text": "some"}, {"end": 570.52, "start": 570.16, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 571.16, "start": 570.52, "text": "statistically"}, {"end": 571.52, "start": 571.16, "text": "significant"}, {"end": 571.84, "start": 571.52, "text": "results"}, {"end": 571.92, "start": 571.84, "text": "in"}, {"end": 571.96, "start": 571.92, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 572.12, "start": 571.96, "text": "people"}, {"end": 572.84, "start": 572.12, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 573.08, "start": 572.84, "text": "are"}, {"end": 573.52, "start": 573.08, "text": "delegating."}, {"end": 573.8, "start": 573.52, "text": "There"}, {"end": 574.0, "start": 573.8, "text": "are"}, {"end": 574.24, "start": 574.0, "text": "people"}, {"end": 574.44, "start": 574.24, "text": "a"}, {"end": 574.44, "start": 574.44, "text": "few"}, {"end": 574.76, "start": 574.44, "text": "categories"}, {"end": 574.84, "start": 574.76, "text": "we"}, {"end": 574.84, "start": 574.84, "text": "don't."}, {"end": 574.92, "start": 574.84, "text": "This"}, {"end": 575.64, "start": 574.92, "text": "one"}, {"end": 575.92, "start": 575.64, "text": "over"}, {"end": 576.12, "start": 575.92, "text": "here,"}, {"end": 576.44, "start": 576.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 576.72, "start": 576.44, "text": "spatial"}, {"end": 576.72, "start": 576.72, "text": "reasoning"}, {"end": 576.8, "start": 576.72, "text": "is"}, {"end": 577.16, "start": 576.8, "text": "kind"}, {"end": 577.4, "start": 577.16, "text": "of"}, {"end": 577.72, "start": 577.4, "text": "an"}, {"end": 578.12, "start": 577.72, "text": "anomaly,"}, {"end": 578.32, "start": 578.12, "text": "it"}, {"end": 578.4, "start": 578.32, "text": "looks"}, {"end": 578.56, "start": 578.4, "text": "negative."}, {"end": 578.56, "start": 578.56, "text": "But"}, {"end": 578.92, "start": 578.56, "text": "really"}, {"end": 579.28, "start": 578.92, "text": "what's"}, {"end": 579.68, "start": 579.28, "text": "happening"}, {"end": 579.72, "start": 579.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 580.08, "start": 579.72, "text": "this"}, {"end": 580.32, "start": 580.08, "text": "is"}, {"end": 580.92, "start": 580.32, "text": "just"}, {"end": 581.48, "start": 580.92, "text": "like"}, {"end": 582.16, "start": 581.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 582.4, "start": 582.16, "text": "very"}, {"end": 582.92, "start": 582.4, "text": "easy"}, {"end": 583.56, "start": 582.92, "text": "category"}, {"end": 583.68, "start": 583.56, "text": "that"}, {"end": 583.76, "start": 583.68, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 583.8, "start": 583.76, "text": "of"}, {"end": 584.24, "start": 583.8, "text": "everyone"}, {"end": 584.44, "start": 584.24, "text": "is"}, {"end": 584.68, "start": 584.44, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 585.0, "start": 584.68, "text": "right."}, {"end": 585.24, "start": 585.0, "text": "So"}, {"end": 585.72, "start": 585.24, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 585.88, "start": 585.72, "text": "not"}, {"end": 586.04, "start": 585.88, "text": "too"}, {"end": 586.28, "start": 586.04, "text": "interesting"}, {"end": 586.64, "start": 586.28, "text": "to"}, {"end": 587.04, "start": 586.64, "text": "look"}, {"end": 587.36, "start": 587.04, "text": "at"}, {"end": 587.52, "start": 587.36, "text": "how"}, {"end": 587.76, "start": 587.52, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 588.04, "start": 587.76, "text": "changes."}, {"end": 588.2, "start": 588.04, "text": "So"}, {"end": 588.32, "start": 588.2, "text": "clearly"}, {"end": 588.64, "start": 588.32, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 589.04, "start": 588.64, "text": "context"}, {"end": 589.88, "start": 589.04, "text": "dependent,"}, {"end": 590.16, "start": 589.88, "text": "but"}, {"end": 591.12, "start": 590.16, "text": "overall"}, {"end": 591.6, "start": 591.12, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 591.76, "start": 591.6, "text": "seeing"}, {"end": 591.92, "start": 591.76, "text": "very"}, {"end": 592.24, "start": 591.92, "text": "positive"}, {"end": 593.84, "start": 592.24, "text": "results."}, {"end": 595.2, "start": 593.84, "text": "So"}, {"end": 595.8, "start": 595.2, "text": "these"}, {"end": 596.12, "start": 595.8, "text": "are"}, {"end": 596.52, "start": 596.12, "text": "very"}, {"end": 597.0, "start": 596.52, "text": "direct,"}, {"end": 597.36, "start": 597.0, "text": "high"}, {"end": 597.36, "start": 597.36, "text": "level,"}, {"end": 597.88, "start": 597.36, "text": "like"}, {"end": 598.0, "start": 597.88, "text": "did"}, {"end": 598.16, "start": 598.0, "text": "we"}, {"end": 598.32, "start": 598.16, "text": "do"}, {"end": 598.96, "start": 598.32, "text": "better"}, {"end": 599.96, "start": 598.96, "text": "off?"}], "text": " some pretty statistically significant results in this, people actually are delegating. There are people a few categories we don't. This one over here, the spatial reasoning is kind of an anomaly, it looks negative. But really what's happening is this is just like a very easy category that sort of everyone is getting right. So it's not too interesting to look at how delegation changes. So clearly it's context dependent, but overall we're seeing very positive results. So these are very direct, high level, like did we do better off?"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 600.2, "start": 600.0, "text": "We're"}, {"end": 600.2, "start": 600.2, "text": "also"}, {"end": 600.6, "start": 600.2, "text": "interested"}, {"end": 600.6, "start": 600.6, "text": "in"}, {"end": 601.0, "start": 600.6, "text": "questions"}, {"end": 601.56, "start": 601.0, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 602.6, "start": 601.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 603.0, "start": 602.6, "text": "understanding"}, {"end": 603.48, "start": 603.0, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 604.24, "start": 603.48, "text": "behavior"}, {"end": 604.44, "start": 604.24, "text": "more"}, {"end": 605.04, "start": 604.44, "text": "exactly."}, {"end": 605.88, "start": 605.04, "text": "So"}, {"end": 606.12, "start": 605.88, "text": "not"}, {"end": 606.28, "start": 606.12, "text": "just"}, {"end": 606.56, "start": 606.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 606.68, "start": 606.56, "text": "overall"}, {"end": 606.92, "start": 606.68, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 607.32, "start": 606.92, "text": "correctness,"}, {"end": 607.68, "start": 607.32, "text": "how"}, {"end": 607.68, "start": 607.68, "text": "are"}, {"end": 607.88, "start": 607.68, "text": "people"}, {"end": 608.48, "start": 607.88, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 609.48, "start": 608.48, "text": "delegating?"}, {"end": 609.68, "start": 609.48, "text": "And"}, {"end": 609.96, "start": 609.68, "text": "to"}, {"end": 610.12, "start": 609.96, "text": "do"}, {"end": 610.44, "start": 610.12, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 610.72, "start": 610.44, "text": "we"}, {"end": 610.76, "start": 610.72, "text": "need"}, {"end": 611.08, "start": 610.76, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 611.08, "start": 611.08, "text": "of"}, {"end": 611.12, "start": 611.08, "text": "some"}, {"end": 611.76, "start": 611.12, "text": "parameterized"}, {"end": 612.12, "start": 611.76, "text": "model"}, {"end": 612.16, "start": 612.12, "text": "that"}, {"end": 612.36, "start": 612.16, "text": "we"}, {"end": 612.56, "start": 612.36, "text": "can"}, {"end": 613.0, "start": 612.56, "text": "fit."}, {"end": 613.64, "start": 613.0, "text": "What"}, {"end": 613.92, "start": 613.64, "text": "is"}, {"end": 614.12, "start": 613.92, "text": "a"}, {"end": 614.68, "start": 614.12, "text": "way"}, {"end": 615.0, "start": 614.68, "text": "we"}, {"end": 615.2, "start": 615.0, "text": "can"}, {"end": 615.72, "start": 615.2, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 615.76, "start": 615.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 616.48, "start": 615.76, "text": "classify"}, {"end": 617.68, "start": 616.48, "text": "behavior?"}, {"end": 617.96, "start": 617.68, "text": "And"}, {"end": 618.08, "start": 617.96, "text": "to"}, {"end": 618.24, "start": 618.08, "text": "do"}, {"end": 618.48, "start": 618.24, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 619.04, "start": 618.48, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 619.68, "start": 619.04, "text": "referencing"}, {"end": 619.92, "start": 619.68, "text": "our"}, {"end": 620.28, "start": 619.92, "text": "previous"}, {"end": 620.72, "start": 620.28, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 620.92, "start": 620.72, "text": "paper"}, {"end": 621.32, "start": 620.92, "text": "that"}, {"end": 621.64, "start": 621.32, "text": "introduced"}, {"end": 622.0, "start": 621.64, "text": "this"}, {"end": 623.24, "start": 622.0, "text": "model."}, {"end": 623.52, "start": 623.24, "text": "And"}, {"end": 623.92, "start": 623.52, "text": "the"}, {"end": 624.4, "start": 623.92, "text": "idea"}, {"end": 624.56, "start": 624.4, "text": "is"}, {"end": 625.16, "start": 624.56, "text": "that"}, {"end": 625.28, "start": 625.16, "text": "we"}, {"end": 625.28, "start": 625.28, "text": "think"}, {"end": 625.76, "start": 625.28, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 626.2, "start": 625.76, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 626.2, "start": 626.2, "text": "of"}, {"end": 626.24, "start": 626.2, "text": "two"}, {"end": 626.48, "start": 626.24, "text": "aspects"}, {"end": 626.84, "start": 626.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 627.56, "start": 626.84, "text": "delegation."}, {"end": 628.56, "start": 627.56, "text": "So"}, {"end": 629.16, "start": 628.56, "text": "for"}, {"end": 629.28, "start": 629.16, "text": "a"}, {"end": 629.96, "start": 629.28, "text": "fixed"}], "text": " We're also interested in questions sort of understanding delegation behavior more exactly. So not just the overall probably correctness, how are people actually delegating? And to do this, we need sort of some parameterized model that we can fit. What is a way we can sort of classify behavior? And to do this, we're referencing our previous theoretical paper that introduced this model. And the idea is that we think there's sort of two aspects to delegation. So for a fixed"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 630.36, "start": 630.0, "text": "that"}, {"end": 630.56, "start": 630.36, "text": "set"}, {"end": 630.68, "start": 630.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 631.52, "start": 630.68, "text": "expertise"}, {"end": 631.68, "start": 631.52, "text": "is,"}, {"end": 631.8, "start": 631.68, "text": "first"}, {"end": 632.08, "start": 631.8, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 632.28, "start": 632.08, "text": "some"}, {"end": 632.88, "start": 632.28, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 632.88, "start": 632.88, "text": "that"}, {"end": 632.92, "start": 632.88, "text": "you"}, {"end": 633.24, "start": 632.92, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 633.64, "start": 633.24, "text": "in"}, {"end": 633.8, "start": 633.64, "text": "the"}, {"end": 634.04, "start": 633.8, "text": "first"}, {"end": 634.44, "start": 634.04, "text": "place."}, {"end": 634.52, "start": 634.44, "text": "And"}, {"end": 634.64, "start": 634.52, "text": "we"}, {"end": 634.64, "start": 634.64, "text": "think"}, {"end": 634.68, "start": 634.64, "text": "this"}, {"end": 634.92, "start": 634.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 635.24, "start": 634.92, "text": "something"}, {"end": 635.84, "start": 635.24, "text": "dependent"}, {"end": 636.0, "start": 635.84, "text": "on"}, {"end": 636.4, "start": 636.0, "text": "your"}, {"end": 636.56, "start": 636.4, "text": "expertise."}, {"end": 637.16, "start": 636.56, "text": "Hopefully"}, {"end": 637.64, "start": 637.16, "text": "people"}, {"end": 637.72, "start": 637.64, "text": "that"}, {"end": 638.04, "start": 637.72, "text": "are"}, {"end": 638.56, "start": 638.04, "text": "more"}, {"end": 639.2, "start": 638.56, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 639.52, "start": 639.2, "text": "are"}, {"end": 639.76, "start": 639.52, "text": "less"}, {"end": 639.88, "start": 639.76, "text": "likely"}, {"end": 640.08, "start": 639.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 640.24, "start": 640.08, "text": "delegate."}, {"end": 640.44, "start": 640.24, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 640.48, "start": 640.44, "text": "that"}, {"end": 641.04, "start": 640.48, "text": "doesn't"}, {"end": 641.2, "start": 641.04, "text": "happen."}, {"end": 641.44, "start": 641.2, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 641.6, "start": 641.44, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 642.12, "start": 641.6, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 642.12, "start": 642.12, "text": "other"}, {"end": 642.16, "start": 642.12, "text": "way."}, {"end": 642.44, "start": 642.16, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 643.04, "start": 642.44, "text": "if"}, {"end": 643.36, "start": 643.04, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 644.12, "start": 643.36, "text": "more"}, {"end": 644.36, "start": 644.12, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 644.76, "start": 644.36, "text": "on"}, {"end": 645.04, "start": 644.76, "text": "the"}, {"end": 645.44, "start": 645.04, "text": "topic,"}, {"end": 645.64, "start": 645.44, "text": "then"}, {"end": 646.04, "start": 645.64, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 646.2, "start": 646.04, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 646.44, "start": 646.2, "text": "less"}, {"end": 647.16, "start": 646.44, "text": "confident."}, {"end": 647.36, "start": 647.16, "text": "We"}, {"end": 647.36, "start": 647.36, "text": "did"}, {"end": 647.6, "start": 647.36, "text": "some"}, {"end": 647.84, "start": 647.6, "text": "other"}, {"end": 647.84, "start": 647.84, "text": "studies"}, {"end": 647.84, "start": 647.84, "text": "on"}, {"end": 648.16, "start": 647.84, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 648.44, "start": 648.16, "text": "but"}, {"end": 648.56, "start": 648.44, "text": "hopefully"}, {"end": 649.0, "start": 648.56, "text": "that's"}, {"end": 649.12, "start": 649.0, "text": "how"}, {"end": 649.16, "start": 649.12, "text": "it"}, {"end": 649.4, "start": 649.16, "text": "works."}, {"end": 650.52, "start": 649.4, "text": "And"}, {"end": 651.48, "start": 650.52, "text": "then"}, {"end": 651.92, "start": 651.48, "text": "given"}, {"end": 652.04, "start": 651.92, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 652.4, "start": 652.04, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 652.72, "start": 652.4, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 652.72, "start": 652.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 652.72, "start": 652.72, "text": "some"}, {"end": 653.32, "start": 652.72, "text": "tendency"}, {"end": 653.32, "start": 653.32, "text": "to"}, {"end": 653.64, "start": 653.32, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 653.88, "start": 653.64, "text": "to"}, {"end": 654.4, "start": 653.88, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 654.6, "start": 654.4, "text": "of"}, {"end": 654.84, "start": 654.6, "text": "different"}, {"end": 655.2, "start": 654.84, "text": "competence."}, {"end": 655.68, "start": 655.2, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 655.84, "start": 655.68, "text": "you"}, {"end": 656.28, "start": 655.84, "text": "put"}, {"end": 656.4, "start": 656.28, "text": "a"}, {"end": 656.56, "start": 656.4, "text": "different"}, {"end": 657.16, "start": 656.56, "text": "weight"}, {"end": 657.28, "start": 657.16, "text": "on"}, {"end": 657.48, "start": 657.28, "text": "different"}, {"end": 657.84, "start": 657.48, "text": "people"}, {"end": 658.32, "start": 657.84, "text": "depending"}, {"end": 658.56, "start": 658.32, "text": "on"}, {"end": 658.84, "start": 658.56, "text": "how"}, {"end": 659.44, "start": 658.84, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 659.44, "start": 659.44, "text": "they"}, {"end": 659.96, "start": 659.44, "text": "are."}], "text": " that set of expertise is, first there's some probability that you delegate in the first place. And we think this is something dependent on your expertise. Hopefully people that are more knowledgeable are less likely to delegate. Maybe that doesn't happen. Maybe it's actually other way. Maybe if you're more knowledgeable on the topic, then you're maybe less confident. We did some other studies on this, but hopefully that's how it works. And then given this, there's sort of some tendency to delegate to someone of different competence. Maybe you put a different weight on different people depending on how knowledgeable they are."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 660.12, "start": 660.0, "text": "it"}, {"end": 660.12, "start": 660.12, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 660.2, "start": 660.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 660.64, "start": 660.2, "text": "looks"}, {"end": 660.88, "start": 660.64, "text": "like"}, {"end": 661.4, "start": 660.88, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 661.84, "start": 661.4, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 662.32, "start": 661.84, "text": "randomly"}, {"end": 662.56, "start": 662.32, "text": "or"}, {"end": 663.0, "start": 662.56, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 663.4, "start": 663.0, "text": "some"}, {"end": 663.56, "start": 663.4, "text": "proportion"}, {"end": 663.88, "start": 663.56, "text": "to"}, {"end": 664.2, "start": 663.88, "text": "these"}, {"end": 664.64, "start": 664.2, "text": "different"}, {"end": 665.8, "start": 664.64, "text": "people."}, {"end": 666.08, "start": 665.8, "text": "And"}, {"end": 666.08, "start": 666.08, "text": "just"}, {"end": 667.4, "start": 666.08, "text": "to"}, {"end": 667.96, "start": 667.4, "text": "make"}, {"end": 668.48, "start": 667.96, "text": "this"}, {"end": 668.68, "start": 668.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 669.04, "start": 668.68, "text": "little"}, {"end": 669.4, "start": 669.04, "text": "more"}, {"end": 669.6, "start": 669.4, "text": "concrete,"}, {"end": 670.52, "start": 669.6, "text": "say"}, {"end": 671.2, "start": 670.52, "text": "again"}, {"end": 671.68, "start": 671.2, "text": "we"}, {"end": 671.68, "start": 671.68, "text": "have"}, {"end": 672.12, "start": 671.68, "text": "this"}, {"end": 672.28, "start": 672.12, "text": "very"}, {"end": 672.4, "start": 672.28, "text": "similar"}, {"end": 672.76, "start": 672.4, "text": "situation"}, {"end": 673.52, "start": 672.76, "text": "here,"}, {"end": 673.72, "start": 673.52, "text": "and"}, {"end": 673.92, "start": 673.72, "text": "we"}, {"end": 674.24, "start": 673.92, "text": "fit"}, {"end": 674.4, "start": 674.24, "text": "our"}, {"end": 675.56, "start": 674.4, "text": "functions"}, {"end": 676.04, "start": 675.56, "text": "and"}, {"end": 676.04, "start": 676.04, "text": "we"}, {"end": 676.08, "start": 676.04, "text": "think"}, {"end": 676.36, "start": 676.08, "text": "these"}, {"end": 676.76, "start": 676.36, "text": "functions"}, {"end": 677.28, "start": 676.76, "text": "accurately"}, {"end": 677.72, "start": 677.28, "text": "somehow"}, {"end": 678.36, "start": 677.72, "text": "describe"}, {"end": 679.0, "start": 678.36, "text": "delegation"}, {"end": 679.4, "start": 679.0, "text": "behavior."}, {"end": 680.16, "start": 679.4, "text": "So"}, {"end": 680.4, "start": 680.16, "text": "what"}, {"end": 680.6, "start": 680.4, "text": "does"}, {"end": 680.6, "start": 680.6, "text": "this"}, {"end": 680.92, "start": 680.6, "text": "mean"}, {"end": 680.96, "start": 680.92, "text": "if"}, {"end": 681.08, "start": 680.96, "text": "we"}, {"end": 681.24, "start": 681.08, "text": "think"}, {"end": 681.48, "start": 681.24, "text": "these"}, {"end": 681.64, "start": 681.48, "text": "are"}, {"end": 681.68, "start": 681.64, "text": "the"}, {"end": 681.8, "start": 681.68, "text": "way"}, {"end": 681.8, "start": 681.8, "text": "the"}, {"end": 681.96, "start": 681.8, "text": "functions"}, {"end": 682.24, "start": 681.96, "text": "work?"}, {"end": 683.0, "start": 682.24, "text": "If"}, {"end": 683.52, "start": 683.0, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 683.72, "start": 683.52, "text": "this"}, {"end": 684.12, "start": 683.72, "text": "voter,"}, {"end": 685.2, "start": 684.12, "text": "so"}, {"end": 685.6, "start": 685.2, "text": "your"}, {"end": 686.24, "start": 685.6, "text": "expertise"}, {"end": 686.36, "start": 686.24, "text": "in"}, {"end": 686.56, "start": 686.36, "text": "this"}, {"end": 686.6, "start": 686.56, "text": "topic"}, {"end": 686.8, "start": 686.6, "text": "is"}, {"end": 687.0, "start": 686.8, "text": "three"}, {"end": 687.36, "start": 687.0, "text": "fifths,"}, {"end": 688.12, "start": 687.36, "text": "the"}, {"end": 688.76, "start": 688.12, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 688.8, "start": 688.76, "text": "you"}, {"end": 688.8, "start": 688.8, "text": "choose"}, {"end": 688.8, "start": 688.8, "text": "to"}, {"end": 689.28, "start": 688.8, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 689.96, "start": 689.28, "text": "is"}], "text": " it sort of looks like you're delegating randomly or maybe some proportion to these different people. And just to make this a little more concrete, say again we have this very similar situation here, and we fit our functions and we think these functions accurately somehow describe delegation behavior. So what does this mean if we think these are the way the functions work? If you're this voter, so your expertise in this topic is three fifths, the probability you choose to delegate is"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 690.12, "start": 690.0, "text": "according"}, {"end": 690.28, "start": 690.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 690.48, "start": 690.28, "text": "this"}, {"end": 690.68, "start": 690.48, "text": "one"}, {"end": 690.92, "start": 690.68, "text": "minus"}, {"end": 691.12, "start": 690.92, "text": "three"}, {"end": 691.44, "start": 691.12, "text": "fifths"}, {"end": 691.48, "start": 691.44, "text": "of"}, {"end": 691.72, "start": 691.48, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 691.92, "start": 691.72, "text": "40%"}, {"end": 691.96, "start": 691.92, "text": "of"}, {"end": 692.2, "start": 691.96, "text": "the"}, {"end": 692.48, "start": 692.2, "text": "time"}, {"end": 692.56, "start": 692.48, "text": "you"}, {"end": 692.8, "start": 692.56, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 693.0, "start": 692.8, "text": "to"}, {"end": 693.88, "start": 693.0, "text": "delegate."}, {"end": 694.64, "start": 693.88, "text": "And"}, {"end": 695.2, "start": 694.64, "text": "then"}, {"end": 695.56, "start": 695.2, "text": "condition"}, {"end": 695.72, "start": 695.56, "text": "on"}, {"end": 695.88, "start": 695.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 696.16, "start": 695.88, "text": "delegating,"}, {"end": 696.8, "start": 696.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 697.0, "start": 696.8, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 697.0, "start": 697.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 697.36, "start": 697.0, "text": "place"}, {"end": 697.8, "start": 697.36, "text": "weight"}, {"end": 698.04, "start": 697.8, "text": "on"}, {"end": 698.28, "start": 698.04, "text": "everyone"}, {"end": 698.64, "start": 698.28, "text": "else"}, {"end": 699.12, "start": 698.64, "text": "according"}, {"end": 699.12, "start": 699.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 699.2, "start": 699.12, "text": "this."}, {"end": 699.4, "start": 699.2, "text": "And"}, {"end": 699.6, "start": 699.4, "text": "I"}, {"end": 700.04, "start": 699.6, "text": "very"}, {"end": 700.4, "start": 700.04, "text": "conveniently"}, {"end": 700.6, "start": 700.4, "text": "chose"}, {"end": 700.84, "start": 700.6, "text": "these"}, {"end": 701.12, "start": 700.84, "text": "numbers,"}, {"end": 701.32, "start": 701.12, "text": "so"}, {"end": 701.44, "start": 701.32, "text": "they"}, {"end": 701.44, "start": 701.44, "text": "add"}, {"end": 701.44, "start": 701.44, "text": "up"}, {"end": 701.48, "start": 701.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 702.44, "start": 701.48, "text": "100."}, {"end": 702.8, "start": 702.44, "text": "So"}, {"end": 702.88, "start": 702.8, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 703.12, "start": 702.88, "text": "you"}, {"end": 703.6, "start": 703.12, "text": "have"}, {"end": 703.96, "start": 703.6, "text": "9%"}, {"end": 704.16, "start": 703.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 704.36, "start": 704.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 704.72, "start": 704.36, "text": "time"}, {"end": 704.88, "start": 704.72, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 705.16, "start": 704.88, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 705.24, "start": 705.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 705.48, "start": 705.24, "text": "each"}, {"end": 705.48, "start": 705.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 705.68, "start": 705.48, "text": "these"}, {"end": 705.8, "start": 705.68, "text": "blue"}, {"end": 706.0, "start": 705.8, "text": "people"}, {"end": 706.48, "start": 706.0, "text": "and"}, {"end": 706.8, "start": 706.48, "text": "16%"}, {"end": 707.0, "start": 706.8, "text": "to"}, {"end": 707.04, "start": 707.0, "text": "these"}, {"end": 707.36, "start": 707.04, "text": "people."}, {"end": 707.44, "start": 707.36, "text": "So"}, {"end": 707.52, "start": 707.44, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 707.76, "start": 707.52, "text": "not"}, {"end": 708.08, "start": 707.76, "text": "like"}, {"end": 708.88, "start": 708.08, "text": "deterministically"}, {"end": 709.36, "start": 708.88, "text": "doing"}, {"end": 710.0, "start": 709.36, "text": "anything"}, {"end": 710.52, "start": 710.0, "text": "necessarily"}, {"end": 710.84, "start": 710.52, "text": "better,"}, {"end": 710.88, "start": 710.84, "text": "but"}, {"end": 711.12, "start": 710.88, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 711.32, "start": 711.12, "text": "like"}, {"end": 711.72, "start": 711.32, "text": "on"}, {"end": 712.08, "start": 711.72, "text": "average"}, {"end": 712.32, "start": 712.08, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 712.76, "start": 712.32, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 713.24, "start": 712.76, "text": "to"}, {"end": 713.44, "start": 713.24, "text": "better"}, {"end": 713.92, "start": 713.44, "text": "people"}, {"end": 714.24, "start": 713.92, "text": "slightly"}, {"end": 715.6, "start": 714.24, "text": "more"}, {"end": 716.04, "start": 715.6, "text": "often."}, {"end": 716.44, "start": 716.04, "text": "Yeah,"}, {"end": 716.52, "start": 716.44, "text": "you"}, {"end": 716.72, "start": 716.52, "text": "choose"}, {"end": 716.76, "start": 716.72, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 716.96, "start": 716.76, "text": "according"}, {"end": 717.2, "start": 716.96, "text": "to"}, {"end": 717.52, "start": 717.2, "text": "this"}, {"end": 717.68, "start": 717.52, "text": "and"}, {"end": 717.68, "start": 717.68, "text": "you"}, {"end": 718.44, "start": 717.68, "text": "do"}, {"end": 718.8, "start": 718.44, "text": "this"}, {"end": 718.84, "start": 718.8, "text": "for"}, {"end": 719.96, "start": 718.84, "text": "everybody."}], "text": " according to this one minus three fifths of maybe 40% of the time you tend to delegate. And then condition on you delegating, you sort of place weight on everyone else according to this. And I very conveniently chose these numbers, so they add up to 100. So maybe you have 9% of the time you're delegating to each of these blue people and 16% to these people. So you're not like deterministically doing anything necessarily better, but maybe like on average you're delegating to better people slightly more often. Yeah, you choose someone according to this and you do this for everybody."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 722.88, "start": 720.0, "text": "So"}, {"end": 723.44, "start": 722.88, "text": "some"}, {"end": 723.64, "start": 723.44, "text": "prior"}, {"end": 724.56, "start": 723.64, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 724.84, "start": 724.56, "text": "results"}, {"end": 724.96, "start": 724.84, "text": "from"}, {"end": 725.0, "start": 724.96, "text": "our"}, {"end": 725.28, "start": 725.0, "text": "last"}, {"end": 725.88, "start": 725.28, "text": "paper"}, {"end": 726.04, "start": 725.88, "text": "is"}, {"end": 727.0, "start": 726.04, "text": "that"}, {"end": 727.12, "start": 727.0, "text": "as"}, {"end": 727.56, "start": 727.12, "text": "long"}, {"end": 727.56, "start": 727.56, "text": "as"}, {"end": 728.0, "start": 727.56, "text": "these"}, {"end": 728.4, "start": 728.0, "text": "behavior"}, {"end": 729.04, "start": 728.4, "text": "functions"}, {"end": 729.52, "start": 729.04, "text": "are"}, {"end": 729.96, "start": 729.52, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 730.04, "start": 729.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 730.04, "start": 730.04, "text": "moving"}, {"end": 730.04, "start": 730.04, "text": "in"}, {"end": 730.28, "start": 730.04, "text": "the"}, {"end": 730.52, "start": 730.28, "text": "right"}, {"end": 731.48, "start": 730.52, "text": "direction,"}, {"end": 732.28, "start": 731.48, "text": "so"}, {"end": 732.48, "start": 732.28, "text": "if"}, {"end": 733.2, "start": 732.48, "text": "the"}, {"end": 733.88, "start": 733.2, "text": "more"}, {"end": 734.28, "start": 733.88, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 734.76, "start": 734.28, "text": "you"}, {"end": 734.88, "start": 734.76, "text": "are"}, {"end": 734.88, "start": 734.88, "text": "on"}, {"end": 735.04, "start": 734.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 735.12, "start": 735.04, "text": "topic,"}, {"end": 735.4, "start": 735.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 735.68, "start": 735.4, "text": "less"}, {"end": 735.88, "start": 735.68, "text": "likely"}, {"end": 736.32, "start": 735.88, "text": "you"}, {"end": 736.52, "start": 736.32, "text": "are"}, {"end": 737.4, "start": 736.52, "text": "to"}, {"end": 737.8, "start": 737.4, "text": "delegate."}, {"end": 738.52, "start": 737.8, "text": "And"}, {"end": 738.64, "start": 738.52, "text": "in"}, {"end": 739.0, "start": 738.64, "text": "addition"}, {"end": 739.0, "start": 739.0, "text": "to"}, {"end": 739.4, "start": 739.0, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 740.2, "start": 739.4, "text": "when"}, {"end": 740.44, "start": 740.2, "text": "you"}, {"end": 740.52, "start": 740.44, "text": "do"}, {"end": 741.08, "start": 740.52, "text": "decide"}, {"end": 741.16, "start": 741.08, "text": "to"}, {"end": 741.8, "start": 741.16, "text": "delegate,"}, {"end": 742.16, "start": 741.8, "text": "you"}, {"end": 742.96, "start": 742.16, "text": "slightly"}, {"end": 743.16, "start": 742.96, "text": "more"}, {"end": 743.16, "start": 743.16, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 743.52, "start": 743.16, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 743.64, "start": 743.52, "text": "to"}, {"end": 743.76, "start": 743.64, "text": "people"}, {"end": 743.84, "start": 743.76, "text": "who"}, {"end": 744.44, "start": 743.84, "text": "are"}, {"end": 744.72, "start": 744.44, "text": "more"}, {"end": 745.24, "start": 744.72, "text": "knowledgeable."}, {"end": 745.48, "start": 745.24, "text": "Not"}, {"end": 746.0, "start": 745.48, "text": "deterministically,"}, {"end": 746.36, "start": 746.0, "text": "sometimes"}, {"end": 746.52, "start": 746.36, "text": "you"}, {"end": 746.76, "start": 746.52, "text": "can"}, {"end": 746.96, "start": 746.76, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 747.44, "start": 746.96, "text": "downwards,"}, {"end": 747.72, "start": 747.44, "text": "but"}, {"end": 748.4, "start": 747.72, "text": "at"}, {"end": 748.68, "start": 748.4, "text": "least"}, {"end": 749.0, "start": 748.68, "text": "on"}, {"end": 749.16, "start": 749.0, "text": "average,"}, {"end": 749.24, "start": 749.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 749.48, "start": 749.24, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 749.48, "start": 749.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 749.48, "start": 749.48, "text": "be"}, {"end": 749.6, "start": 749.48, "text": "doing"}, {"end": 749.96, "start": 749.6, "text": "something"}], "text": " So some prior theoretical results from our last paper is that as long as these behavior functions are sort of moving in the right direction, so if the more knowledgeable you are on the topic, the less likely you are to delegate. And in addition to this, when you do decide to delegate, you slightly more frequently delegate to people who are more knowledgeable. Not deterministically, sometimes you can delegate downwards, but at least on average, you tend to be doing something"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 750.52, "start": 750.0, "text": "thing"}, {"end": 750.84, "start": 750.52, "text": "slightly"}, {"end": 752.56, "start": 750.84, "text": "better."}, {"end": 752.84, "start": 752.56, "text": "This"}, {"end": 753.68, "start": 752.84, "text": "implies,"}, {"end": 753.96, "start": 753.68, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 754.2, "start": 753.96, "text": "according"}, {"end": 754.24, "start": 754.2, "text": "to"}, {"end": 754.4, "start": 754.24, "text": "these"}, {"end": 754.56, "start": 754.4, "text": "other"}, {"end": 754.92, "start": 754.56, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 755.24, "start": 754.92, "text": "properties,"}, {"end": 755.24, "start": 755.24, "text": "that"}, {"end": 755.84, "start": 755.24, "text": "liturinocracy"}, {"end": 755.84, "start": 755.84, "text": "is"}, {"end": 756.08, "start": 755.84, "text": "performing"}, {"end": 756.64, "start": 756.08, "text": "well."}, {"end": 756.88, "start": 756.64, "text": "We"}, {"end": 757.12, "start": 756.88, "text": "expect"}, {"end": 757.2, "start": 757.12, "text": "it"}, {"end": 757.36, "start": 757.2, "text": "to"}, {"end": 757.88, "start": 757.36, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 758.52, "start": 757.88, "text": "outperform"}, {"end": 758.84, "start": 758.52, "text": "direct"}, {"end": 759.24, "start": 758.84, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 759.24, "start": 759.24, "text": "And"}, {"end": 759.24, "start": 759.24, "text": "so"}, {"end": 760.36, "start": 759.24, "text": "what"}, {"end": 760.68, "start": 760.36, "text": "do"}, {"end": 761.12, "start": 760.68, "text": "we"}, {"end": 761.64, "start": 761.12, "text": "see"}, {"end": 761.64, "start": 761.64, "text": "in"}, {"end": 761.68, "start": 761.64, "text": "the"}, {"end": 763.08, "start": 761.68, "text": "data?"}, {"end": 763.4, "start": 763.08, "text": "So"}, {"end": 763.56, "start": 763.4, "text": "we"}, {"end": 764.08, "start": 763.56, "text": "can"}, {"end": 764.36, "start": 764.08, "text": "first"}, {"end": 764.88, "start": 764.36, "text": "fit"}, {"end": 765.2, "start": 764.88, "text": "this"}, {"end": 765.52, "start": 765.2, "text": "Q"}, {"end": 765.96, "start": 765.52, "text": "function."}, {"end": 766.0, "start": 765.96, "text": "This"}, {"end": 766.12, "start": 766.0, "text": "is"}, {"end": 766.28, "start": 766.12, "text": "the"}, {"end": 766.72, "start": 766.28, "text": "probability"}, {"end": 766.76, "start": 766.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 767.76, "start": 766.76, "text": "delegate."}, {"end": 768.12, "start": 767.76, "text": "So"}, {"end": 768.48, "start": 768.12, "text": "on"}, {"end": 768.64, "start": 768.48, "text": "the"}, {"end": 768.92, "start": 768.64, "text": "bottom"}, {"end": 769.12, "start": 768.92, "text": "is"}, {"end": 769.48, "start": 769.12, "text": "your"}, {"end": 770.28, "start": 769.48, "text": "estimated"}, {"end": 770.8, "start": 770.28, "text": "expertise,"}, {"end": 770.92, "start": 770.8, "text": "how"}, {"end": 771.32, "start": 770.92, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 771.32, "start": 771.32, "text": "we"}, {"end": 771.4, "start": 771.32, "text": "think"}, {"end": 771.56, "start": 771.4, "text": "you"}, {"end": 772.32, "start": 771.56, "text": "are."}, {"end": 772.52, "start": 772.32, "text": "And"}, {"end": 772.76, "start": 772.52, "text": "on"}, {"end": 773.12, "start": 772.76, "text": "the"}, {"end": 773.4, "start": 773.12, "text": "right"}, {"end": 773.6, "start": 773.4, "text": "is"}, {"end": 773.84, "start": 773.6, "text": "how"}, {"end": 774.04, "start": 773.84, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 774.24, "start": 774.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 774.4, "start": 774.24, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 774.48, "start": 774.4, "text": "to"}, {"end": 774.84, "start": 774.48, "text": "delegate."}, {"end": 774.96, "start": 774.84, "text": "And"}, {"end": 775.16, "start": 774.96, "text": "we"}, {"end": 775.52, "start": 775.16, "text": "really"}, {"end": 775.68, "start": 775.52, "text": "do"}, {"end": 776.04, "start": 775.68, "text": "see,"}, {"end": 776.2, "start": 776.04, "text": "on"}, {"end": 776.48, "start": 776.2, "text": "average,"}, {"end": 776.96, "start": 776.48, "text": "it"}, {"end": 777.4, "start": 776.96, "text": "does"}, {"end": 777.6, "start": 777.4, "text": "seem"}, {"end": 777.8, "start": 777.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 777.8, "start": 777.8, "text": "be"}, {"end": 778.36, "start": 777.8, "text": "decreasing"}, {"end": 778.48, "start": 778.36, "text": "at"}, {"end": 778.56, "start": 778.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 778.84, "start": 778.56, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 779.32, "start": 778.84, "text": "statistically"}, {"end": 779.96, "start": 779.32, "text": "significant"}], "text": " thing slightly better. This implies, again, according to these other theoretical properties, that liturinocracy is performing well. We expect it to frequently outperform direct democracy. And so what do we see in the data? So we can first fit this Q function. This is the probability you delegate. So on the bottom is your estimated expertise, how knowledgeable we think you are. And on the right is how frequently you tend to delegate. And we really do see, on average, it does seem to be decreasing at a pretty statistically significant"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 780.92, "start": 780.0, "text": "way."}, {"end": 781.28, "start": 780.92, "text": "So"}, {"end": 781.6, "start": 781.28, "text": "this"}, {"end": 781.8, "start": 781.6, "text": "is"}, {"end": 782.16, "start": 781.8, "text": "encouraging."}, {"end": 782.28, "start": 782.16, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 782.48, "start": 782.28, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 782.52, "start": 782.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 782.84, "start": 782.52, "text": "matching"}, {"end": 783.2, "start": 782.84, "text": "our"}, {"end": 783.6, "start": 783.2, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 784.04, "start": 783.6, "text": "sufficient"}, {"end": 785.44, "start": 784.04, "text": "conditions."}, {"end": 785.8, "start": 785.44, "text": "And"}, {"end": 786.28, "start": 785.8, "text": "similarly"}, {"end": 786.68, "start": 786.28, "text": "for"}, {"end": 786.88, "start": 786.68, "text": "this"}, {"end": 787.12, "start": 786.88, "text": "phi"}, {"end": 787.44, "start": 787.12, "text": "function,"}, {"end": 787.72, "start": 787.44, "text": "where"}, {"end": 787.72, "start": 787.72, "text": "do"}, {"end": 788.0, "start": 787.72, "text": "people"}, {"end": 788.32, "start": 788.0, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 788.6, "start": 788.32, "text": "to"}, {"end": 789.6, "start": 788.6, "text": "delegate?"}, {"end": 790.12, "start": 789.6, "text": "So"}, {"end": 790.68, "start": 790.12, "text": "on"}, {"end": 790.84, "start": 790.68, "text": "the"}, {"end": 791.68, "start": 790.84, "text": "bottom"}, {"end": 791.92, "start": 791.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 792.28, "start": 791.92, "text": "the"}, {"end": 793.04, "start": 792.28, "text": "estimated"}, {"end": 793.56, "start": 793.04, "text": "knowledge"}, {"end": 793.72, "start": 793.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 794.24, "start": 793.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 795.36, "start": 794.24, "text": "person"}, {"end": 795.52, "start": 795.36, "text": "doing"}, {"end": 795.76, "start": 795.52, "text": "the"}, {"end": 797.0, "start": 795.76, "text": "delegation."}, {"end": 797.36, "start": 797.0, "text": "And"}, {"end": 797.68, "start": 797.36, "text": "on"}, {"end": 797.84, "start": 797.68, "text": "the"}, {"end": 798.16, "start": 797.84, "text": "right"}, {"end": 798.28, "start": 798.16, "text": "is"}, {"end": 798.4, "start": 798.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 798.68, "start": 798.4, "text": "person"}, {"end": 798.92, "start": 798.68, "text": "they"}, {"end": 799.16, "start": 798.92, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 799.16, "start": 799.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 799.36, "start": 799.16, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 799.52, "start": 799.36, "text": "to."}, {"end": 799.68, "start": 799.52, "text": "So"}, {"end": 799.76, "start": 799.68, "text": "we're"}, {"end": 800.24, "start": 799.76, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 800.4, "start": 800.24, "text": "of"}, {"end": 800.52, "start": 800.4, "text": "looking"}, {"end": 800.52, "start": 800.52, "text": "at"}, {"end": 800.64, "start": 800.52, "text": "this"}, {"end": 800.8, "start": 800.64, "text": "heat"}, {"end": 801.2, "start": 800.8, "text": "map."}, {"end": 801.52, "start": 801.2, "text": "How"}, {"end": 801.68, "start": 801.52, "text": "often"}, {"end": 801.68, "start": 801.68, "text": "do"}, {"end": 801.84, "start": 801.68, "text": "people"}, {"end": 801.84, "start": 801.84, "text": "of"}, {"end": 801.84, "start": 801.84, "text": "one"}, {"end": 801.88, "start": 801.84, "text": "knowledge"}, {"end": 802.12, "start": 801.88, "text": "or"}, {"end": 802.52, "start": 802.12, "text": "level"}, {"end": 802.56, "start": 802.52, "text": "of"}, {"end": 803.48, "start": 802.56, "text": "knowledge"}, {"end": 803.96, "start": 803.48, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 803.96, "start": 803.96, "text": "to"}, {"end": 804.48, "start": 803.96, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 804.8, "start": 804.48, "text": "else?"}, {"end": 805.32, "start": 804.8, "text": "And"}, {"end": 805.6, "start": 805.32, "text": "what"}, {"end": 806.08, "start": 805.6, "text": "we"}, {"end": 806.32, "start": 806.08, "text": "really"}, {"end": 806.44, "start": 806.32, "text": "want"}, {"end": 806.88, "start": 806.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 807.36, "start": 806.88, "text": "see"}, {"end": 807.68, "start": 807.36, "text": "and"}, {"end": 807.96, "start": 807.68, "text": "what"}, {"end": 808.44, "start": 807.96, "text": "very"}, {"end": 808.92, "start": 808.44, "text": "encouragingly"}, {"end": 809.08, "start": 808.92, "text": "we"}, {"end": 809.24, "start": 809.08, "text": "do"}, {"end": 809.68, "start": 809.24, "text": "see"}, {"end": 809.84, "start": 809.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 809.84, "start": 809.84, "text": "that"}, {"end": 809.84, "start": 809.84, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 809.96, "start": 809.84, "text": "sort"}], "text": " way. So this is encouraging. It's sort of matching our theoretical sufficient conditions. And similarly for this phi function, where do people tend to delegate? So on the bottom is the estimated knowledge of the person doing the delegation. And on the right is the person they tend to delegate to. So we're sort of looking at this heat map. How often do people of one knowledge or level of knowledge delegate to someone else? And what we really want to see and what very encouragingly we do see is that it's sort"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 810.96, "start": 810.0, "text": "increasing"}, {"end": 811.12, "start": 810.96, "text": "when"}, {"end": 811.24, "start": 811.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 811.4, "start": 811.24, "text": "move"}, {"end": 811.6, "start": 811.4, "text": "left"}, {"end": 811.68, "start": 811.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 812.32, "start": 811.68, "text": "right."}, {"end": 812.92, "start": 812.32, "text": "You're"}, {"end": 812.92, "start": 812.92, "text": "more"}, {"end": 813.0, "start": 812.92, "text": "often"}, {"end": 813.28, "start": 813.0, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 813.28, "start": 813.28, "text": "to"}, {"end": 813.28, "start": 813.28, "text": "people"}, {"end": 813.28, "start": 813.28, "text": "that"}, {"end": 813.92, "start": 813.28, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 814.04, "start": 813.92, "text": "to"}, {"end": 814.16, "start": 814.04, "text": "be"}, {"end": 814.32, "start": 814.16, "text": "more"}, {"end": 815.04, "start": 814.32, "text": "knowledgeable"}, {"end": 815.28, "start": 815.04, "text": "on"}, {"end": 815.48, "start": 815.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 815.84, "start": 815.48, "text": "topic."}, {"end": 816.96, "start": 815.84, "text": "So"}, {"end": 817.24, "start": 816.96, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 817.28, "start": 817.24, "text": "this"}, {"end": 817.4, "start": 817.28, "text": "is"}, {"end": 818.04, "start": 817.4, "text": "very"}, {"end": 818.8, "start": 818.04, "text": "exciting."}, {"end": 818.96, "start": 818.8, "text": "It"}, {"end": 818.96, "start": 818.96, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 819.12, "start": 818.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 819.36, "start": 819.12, "text": "fits"}, {"end": 819.64, "start": 819.36, "text": "our"}, {"end": 819.96, "start": 819.64, "text": "sufficient"}, {"end": 820.68, "start": 819.96, "text": "conditions"}, {"end": 820.84, "start": 820.68, "text": "in"}, {"end": 821.72, "start": 820.84, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 822.24, "start": 821.72, "text": "paper,"}, {"end": 822.68, "start": 822.24, "text": "which"}, {"end": 822.92, "start": 822.68, "text": "would"}, {"end": 823.44, "start": 822.92, "text": "imply"}, {"end": 823.76, "start": 823.44, "text": "things"}, {"end": 824.16, "start": 823.76, "text": "tend"}, {"end": 824.16, "start": 824.16, "text": "to"}, {"end": 824.88, "start": 824.16, "text": "work"}, {"end": 825.4, "start": 824.88, "text": "out"}, {"end": 825.48, "start": 825.4, "text": "overall."}, {"end": 825.56, "start": 825.48, "text": "And"}, {"end": 826.16, "start": 825.56, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 826.32, "start": 826.16, "text": "we"}, {"end": 826.44, "start": 826.32, "text": "see"}, {"end": 826.64, "start": 826.44, "text": "that"}, {"end": 826.76, "start": 826.64, "text": "from"}, {"end": 827.2, "start": 826.76, "text": "the"}, {"end": 827.28, "start": 827.2, "text": "other"}, {"end": 829.68, "start": 827.28, "text": "experiments."}, {"end": 830.08, "start": 829.68, "text": "So"}, {"end": 830.24, "start": 830.08, "text": "just"}, {"end": 830.56, "start": 830.24, "text": "to"}, {"end": 830.72, "start": 830.56, "text": "wrap"}, {"end": 830.92, "start": 830.72, "text": "up"}, {"end": 831.08, "start": 830.92, "text": "with"}, {"end": 831.16, "start": 831.08, "text": "a"}, {"end": 831.16, "start": 831.16, "text": "few"}, {"end": 831.52, "start": 831.16, "text": "takeaways."}, {"end": 832.6, "start": 831.52, "text": "So"}, {"end": 832.76, "start": 832.6, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 833.48, "start": 832.76, "text": "moxie"}, {"end": 833.64, "start": 833.48, "text": "really"}, {"end": 833.68, "start": 833.64, "text": "is,"}, {"end": 833.76, "start": 833.68, "text": "I"}, {"end": 833.76, "start": 833.76, "text": "think"}, {"end": 833.8, "start": 833.76, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 833.92, "start": 833.8, "text": "a"}, {"end": 834.04, "start": 833.92, "text": "very"}, {"end": 834.56, "start": 834.04, "text": "exciting"}, {"end": 834.72, "start": 834.56, "text": "new"}, {"end": 835.0, "start": 834.72, "text": "voting"}, {"end": 835.68, "start": 835.0, "text": "paradigm."}, {"end": 836.0, "start": 835.68, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 836.48, "start": 836.0, "text": "not"}, {"end": 836.8, "start": 836.48, "text": "as"}, {"end": 836.96, "start": 836.8, "text": "much"}, {"end": 837.12, "start": 836.96, "text": "focusing,"}, {"end": 837.44, "start": 837.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 837.44, "start": 837.44, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 837.48, "start": 837.44, "text": "at"}, {"end": 837.68, "start": 837.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 838.08, "start": 837.68, "text": "national"}, {"end": 838.32, "start": 838.08, "text": "scale,"}, {"end": 838.44, "start": 838.32, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 838.6, "start": 838.44, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 838.6, "start": 838.6, "text": "very"}, {"end": 838.6, "start": 838.6, "text": "hard"}, {"end": 838.6, "start": 838.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 838.88, "start": 838.6, "text": "implement."}, {"end": 839.08, "start": 838.88, "text": "There's"}, {"end": 839.96, "start": 839.08, "text": "other"}], "text": " increasing when you move left to right. You're more often delegating to people that tend to be more knowledgeable on the topic. So again, this is very exciting. It sort of fits our sufficient conditions in theoretical paper, which would imply things tend to work out overall. And again, we see that from the other experiments. So just to wrap up with a few takeaways. So liquid moxie really is, I think it's a very exciting new voting paradigm. I'm not as much focusing, you know, at a national scale, maybe it's very hard to implement. There's other"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 840.52, "start": 840.0, "text": "drawbacks,"}, {"end": 840.56, "start": 840.52, "text": "but"}, {"end": 840.88, "start": 840.56, "text": "I"}, {"end": 841.0, "start": 840.88, "text": "think"}, {"end": 841.24, "start": 841.0, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 841.48, "start": 841.24, "text": "many"}, {"end": 842.24, "start": 841.48, "text": "places"}, {"end": 842.52, "start": 842.24, "text": "it"}, {"end": 842.68, "start": 842.52, "text": "really"}, {"end": 842.72, "start": 842.68, "text": "could"}, {"end": 843.0, "start": 842.72, "text": "be"}, {"end": 843.36, "start": 843.0, "text": "used"}, {"end": 843.56, "start": 843.36, "text": "and"}, {"end": 843.64, "start": 843.56, "text": "has"}, {"end": 843.76, "start": 843.64, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 843.8, "start": 843.76, "text": "of"}, {"end": 844.32, "start": 843.8, "text": "intangible"}, {"end": 844.76, "start": 844.32, "text": "benefits"}, {"end": 845.28, "start": 844.76, "text": "that"}, {"end": 845.28, "start": 845.28, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 845.28, "start": 845.28, "text": "not"}, {"end": 845.48, "start": 845.28, "text": "describing"}, {"end": 845.8, "start": 845.48, "text": "this"}, {"end": 846.36, "start": 845.8, "text": "work."}, {"end": 846.72, "start": 846.36, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 846.92, "start": 846.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 847.16, "start": 846.92, "text": "feel"}, {"end": 847.48, "start": 847.16, "text": "more"}, {"end": 847.92, "start": 847.48, "text": "represented"}, {"end": 848.16, "start": 847.92, "text": "or"}, {"end": 848.28, "start": 848.16, "text": "for"}, {"end": 848.6, "start": 848.28, "text": "whatever"}, {"end": 849.52, "start": 848.6, "text": "reason."}, {"end": 850.32, "start": 849.52, "text": "And"}, {"end": 850.88, "start": 850.32, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 851.16, "start": 850.88, "text": "been"}, {"end": 851.6, "start": 851.16, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 851.72, "start": 851.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 851.88, "start": 851.72, "text": "back"}, {"end": 852.2, "start": 851.88, "text": "and"}, {"end": 852.72, "start": 852.2, "text": "forth"}, {"end": 852.88, "start": 852.72, "text": "in"}, {"end": 852.92, "start": 852.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 853.36, "start": 852.92, "text": "theory."}, {"end": 853.56, "start": 853.36, "text": "Some"}, {"end": 853.92, "start": 853.56, "text": "theoretical"}, {"end": 854.24, "start": 853.92, "text": "papers"}, {"end": 854.52, "start": 854.24, "text": "say"}, {"end": 854.68, "start": 854.52, "text": "like,"}, {"end": 854.88, "start": 854.68, "text": "oh,"}, {"end": 855.16, "start": 854.88, "text": "yes,"}, {"end": 855.24, "start": 855.16, "text": "it"}, {"end": 855.4, "start": 855.24, "text": "looks"}, {"end": 855.56, "start": 855.4, "text": "like"}, {"end": 855.68, "start": 855.56, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 855.8, "start": 855.68, "text": "doing"}, {"end": 856.0, "start": 855.8, "text": "really"}, {"end": 856.32, "start": 856.0, "text": "well."}, {"end": 856.36, "start": 856.32, "text": "And"}, {"end": 856.52, "start": 856.36, "text": "other"}, {"end": 856.72, "start": 856.52, "text": "things"}, {"end": 857.04, "start": 856.72, "text": "say,"}, {"end": 857.2, "start": 857.04, "text": "oh,"}, {"end": 857.4, "start": 857.2, "text": "no,"}, {"end": 857.4, "start": 857.4, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 857.8, "start": 857.4, "text": "not"}, {"end": 858.04, "start": 857.8, "text": "looking"}, {"end": 858.4, "start": 858.04, "text": "great."}, {"end": 858.76, "start": 858.4, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 859.28, "start": 858.76, "text": "sometimes"}, {"end": 859.56, "start": 859.28, "text": "we"}, {"end": 859.84, "start": 859.56, "text": "expect"}, {"end": 859.92, "start": 859.84, "text": "it"}, {"end": 860.24, "start": 859.92, "text": "to"}, {"end": 860.28, "start": 860.24, "text": "not"}, {"end": 860.44, "start": 860.28, "text": "work"}, {"end": 861.56, "start": 860.44, "text": "too"}, {"end": 862.44, "start": 861.56, "text": "well."}, {"end": 862.92, "start": 862.44, "text": "But"}, {"end": 863.12, "start": 862.92, "text": "our"}, {"end": 863.76, "start": 863.12, "text": "experiment"}, {"end": 864.12, "start": 863.76, "text": "suggests,"}, {"end": 864.36, "start": 864.12, "text": "at"}, {"end": 864.56, "start": 864.36, "text": "least"}, {"end": 864.68, "start": 864.56, "text": "in"}, {"end": 864.84, "start": 864.68, "text": "some"}, {"end": 865.28, "start": 864.84, "text": "cases,"}, {"end": 865.4, "start": 865.28, "text": "in"}, {"end": 865.64, "start": 865.4, "text": "certain"}, {"end": 866.32, "start": 865.64, "text": "contexts,"}, {"end": 866.36, "start": 866.32, "text": "we"}, {"end": 866.72, "start": 866.36, "text": "really"}, {"end": 866.72, "start": 866.72, "text": "do"}, {"end": 867.04, "start": 866.72, "text": "expect"}, {"end": 867.04, "start": 867.04, "text": "it"}, {"end": 867.2, "start": 867.04, "text": "to"}, {"end": 867.28, "start": 867.2, "text": "work"}, {"end": 867.48, "start": 867.28, "text": "well."}, {"end": 867.56, "start": 867.48, "text": "And"}, {"end": 868.0, "start": 867.56, "text": "our"}, {"end": 868.44, "start": 868.0, "text": "goal"}, {"end": 868.52, "start": 868.44, "text": "is"}, {"end": 868.52, "start": 868.52, "text": "just"}, {"end": 868.76, "start": 868.52, "text": "to"}, {"end": 868.96, "start": 868.76, "text": "identify"}, {"end": 869.64, "start": 868.96, "text": "regimes"}, {"end": 869.96, "start": 869.64, "text": "where"}], "text": " drawbacks, but I think there's many places it really could be used and has lots of intangible benefits that I'm not describing this work. Maybe you feel more represented or for whatever reason. And there's been lots of back and forth in the theory. Some theoretical papers say like, oh, yes, it looks like it's doing really well. And other things say, oh, no, it's not looking great. Maybe sometimes we expect it to not work too well. But our experiment suggests, at least in some cases, in certain contexts, we really do expect it to work well. And our goal is just to identify regimes where"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 870.16, "start": 870.0, "text": "would"}, {"end": 870.48, "start": 870.16, "text": "expect"}, {"end": 870.68, "start": 870.48, "text": "this"}, {"end": 870.96, "start": 870.68, "text": "to"}, {"end": 871.6, "start": 870.96, "text": "happen"}, {"end": 872.04, "start": 871.6, "text": "and"}, {"end": 872.32, "start": 872.04, "text": "hopefully"}, {"end": 872.6, "start": 872.32, "text": "implement"}, {"end": 872.68, "start": 872.6, "text": "it"}, {"end": 872.8, "start": 872.68, "text": "at"}, {"end": 873.08, "start": 872.8, "text": "least"}, {"end": 874.0, "start": 873.08, "text": "here."}, {"end": 874.08, "start": 874.0, "text": "But"}, {"end": 874.56, "start": 874.08, "text": "as"}, {"end": 874.88, "start": 874.56, "text": "for"}, {"end": 875.48, "start": 874.88, "text": "future"}, {"end": 876.04, "start": 875.48, "text": "work,"}, {"end": 876.28, "start": 876.04, "text": "these"}, {"end": 876.6, "start": 876.28, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 876.88, "start": 876.6, "text": "truly"}, {"end": 877.0, "start": 876.88, "text": "are"}, {"end": 877.28, "start": 877.0, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 877.92, "start": 877.28, "text": "preliminary."}, {"end": 878.0, "start": 877.92, "text": "I"}, {"end": 878.04, "start": 878.0, "text": "think"}, {"end": 878.24, "start": 878.04, "text": "they're"}, {"end": 878.24, "start": 878.24, "text": "in"}, {"end": 878.48, "start": 878.24, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 878.76, "start": 878.48, "text": "small"}, {"end": 878.96, "start": 878.76, "text": "scale"}, {"end": 879.4, "start": 878.96, "text": "settings,"}, {"end": 879.64, "start": 879.4, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 880.48, "start": 879.64, "text": "specific."}, {"end": 880.76, "start": 880.48, "text": "And"}, {"end": 881.24, "start": 880.76, "text": "we"}, {"end": 881.52, "start": 881.24, "text": "just"}, {"end": 882.0, "start": 881.52, "text": "really"}, {"end": 882.24, "start": 882.0, "text": "need"}, {"end": 882.52, "start": 882.24, "text": "more"}, {"end": 882.76, "start": 882.52, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 882.96, "start": 882.76, "text": "in"}, {"end": 883.24, "start": 882.96, "text": "different"}, {"end": 883.88, "start": 883.24, "text": "contexts,"}, {"end": 884.6, "start": 883.88, "text": "bigger"}, {"end": 885.28, "start": 884.6, "text": "situations,"}, {"end": 885.56, "start": 885.28, "text": "different"}, {"end": 885.72, "start": 885.56, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 885.8, "start": 885.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 886.4, "start": 885.8, "text": "social"}, {"end": 887.0, "start": 886.4, "text": "connections."}, {"end": 887.32, "start": 887.0, "text": "But"}, {"end": 887.52, "start": 887.32, "text": "either"}, {"end": 887.92, "start": 887.52, "text": "way,"}, {"end": 888.08, "start": 887.92, "text": "I"}, {"end": 888.2, "start": 888.08, "text": "think"}, {"end": 888.4, "start": 888.2, "text": "very"}, {"end": 888.72, "start": 888.4, "text": "exciting"}, {"end": 889.32, "start": 888.72, "text": "results."}, {"end": 889.52, "start": 889.32, "text": "And"}, {"end": 889.72, "start": 889.52, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 890.36, "start": 889.72, "text": "excited"}, {"end": 890.6, "start": 890.36, "text": "for"}, {"end": 890.88, "start": 890.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 891.68, "start": 890.88, "text": "future"}, {"end": 891.72, "start": 891.68, "text": "of"}, {"end": 892.96, "start": 891.72, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 897.0, "start": 892.96, "text": "democracy."}, {"end": 897.04, "start": 897.0, "text": "Thank"}, {"end": 897.28, "start": 897.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 898.84, "start": 897.28, "text": "very"}, {"end": 899.96, "start": 898.84, "text": "much."}], "text": " would expect this to happen and hopefully implement it at least here. But as for future work, these experiments truly are pretty preliminary. I think they're in pretty small scale settings, pretty specific. And we just really need more experiments in different contexts, bigger situations, different sort of social connections. But either way, I think very exciting results. And I'm excited for the future of liquid democracy. Thank you very much."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 905.48, "start": 900.0, "text": "Hey,"}, {"end": 906.28, "start": 905.48, "text": "thanks"}, {"end": 907.32, "start": 906.28, "text": "for"}, {"end": 907.68, "start": 907.32, "text": "your"}, {"end": 907.84, "start": 907.68, "text": "talk."}, {"end": 908.16, "start": 907.84, "text": "Do"}, {"end": 908.28, "start": 908.16, "text": "you"}, {"end": 908.6, "start": 908.28, "text": "think"}, {"end": 908.92, "start": 908.6, "text": "that"}, {"end": 908.96, "start": 908.92, "text": "in"}, {"end": 909.8, "start": 908.96, "text": "real-world"}, {"end": 910.04, "start": 909.8, "text": "use"}, {"end": 910.6, "start": 910.04, "text": "cases"}, {"end": 910.8, "start": 910.6, "text": "there"}, {"end": 910.84, "start": 910.8, "text": "could"}, {"end": 911.08, "start": 910.84, "text": "be"}, {"end": 911.28, "start": 911.08, "text": "a"}, {"end": 912.12, "start": 911.28, "text": "psychological"}, {"end": 912.44, "start": 912.12, "text": "effect"}, {"end": 912.84, "start": 912.44, "text": "from"}, {"end": 913.32, "start": 912.84, "text": "knowing"}, {"end": 913.72, "start": 913.32, "text": "that"}, {"end": 914.16, "start": 913.72, "text": "many"}, {"end": 914.56, "start": 914.16, "text": "others"}, {"end": 914.6, "start": 914.56, "text": "have"}, {"end": 915.6, "start": 914.6, "text": "delegated"}, {"end": 916.2, "start": 915.6, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 916.6, "start": 916.2, "text": "to"}, {"end": 917.2, "start": 916.6, "text": "you?"}, {"end": 917.48, "start": 917.2, "text": "Yes,"}, {"end": 917.68, "start": 917.48, "text": "this"}, {"end": 917.96, "start": 917.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 918.32, "start": 917.96, "text": "a"}, {"end": 918.56, "start": 918.32, "text": "really"}, {"end": 918.56, "start": 918.56, "text": "good"}, {"end": 918.88, "start": 918.56, "text": "point"}, {"end": 919.12, "start": 918.88, "text": "and"}, {"end": 919.48, "start": 919.12, "text": "something"}, {"end": 919.48, "start": 919.48, "text": "that"}, {"end": 919.8, "start": 919.48, "text": "people"}, {"end": 920.08, "start": 919.8, "text": "think"}, {"end": 921.0, "start": 920.08, "text": "about"}, {"end": 921.4, "start": 921.0, "text": "a"}, {"end": 921.76, "start": 921.4, "text": "lot."}, {"end": 922.52, "start": 921.76, "text": "In"}, {"end": 923.48, "start": 922.52, "text": "particular,"}, {"end": 923.76, "start": 923.48, "text": "in"}, {"end": 924.4, "start": 923.76, "text": "real-world"}, {"end": 924.88, "start": 924.4, "text": "use"}, {"end": 925.48, "start": 924.88, "text": "cases,"}, {"end": 925.52, "start": 925.48, "text": "you"}, {"end": 926.56, "start": 925.52, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 926.96, "start": 926.56, "text": "of"}, {"end": 927.16, "start": 926.96, "text": "need"}, {"end": 927.32, "start": 927.16, "text": "a"}, {"end": 928.04, "start": 927.32, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 928.12, "start": 928.04, "text": "of"}, {"end": 928.12, "start": 928.12, "text": "this"}, {"end": 928.32, "start": 928.12, "text": "public"}, {"end": 929.04, "start": 928.32, "text": "information"}, {"end": 929.32, "start": 929.04, "text": "to"}, {"end": 929.64, "start": 929.32, "text": "be"}, {"end": 929.96, "start": 929.64, "text": "available."}], "text": " Hey, thanks for your talk. Do you think that in real-world use cases there could be a psychological effect from knowing that many others have delegated votes to you? Yes, this is a really good point and something that people think about a lot. In particular, in real-world use cases, you sort of need a lot of this public information to be available."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 930.44, "start": 930.0, "text": "Even"}, {"end": 930.72, "start": 930.44, "text": "if"}, {"end": 931.12, "start": 930.72, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 931.4, "start": 931.12, "text": "delegating,"}, {"end": 931.48, "start": 931.4, "text": "you"}, {"end": 931.48, "start": 931.48, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 931.48, "start": 931.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 931.48, "start": 931.48, "text": "need"}, {"end": 931.6, "start": 931.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 931.8, "start": 931.6, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 932.0, "start": 931.8, "text": "like,"}, {"end": 932.2, "start": 932.0, "text": "what"}, {"end": 932.48, "start": 932.2, "text": "happened"}, {"end": 932.68, "start": 932.48, "text": "to"}, {"end": 932.84, "start": 932.68, "text": "my"}, {"end": 933.16, "start": 932.84, "text": "vote?"}, {"end": 933.28, "start": 933.16, "text": "Where"}, {"end": 933.4, "start": 933.28, "text": "did"}, {"end": 933.6, "start": 933.4, "text": "it"}, {"end": 933.76, "start": 933.6, "text": "end"}, {"end": 933.84, "start": 933.76, "text": "up"}, {"end": 934.0, "start": 933.84, "text": "with?"}, {"end": 934.08, "start": 934.0, "text": "You"}, {"end": 934.36, "start": 934.08, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 934.48, "start": 934.36, "text": "who's"}, {"end": 934.64, "start": 934.48, "text": "delegating"}, {"end": 934.96, "start": 934.64, "text": "to"}, {"end": 935.32, "start": 934.96, "text": "me?"}, {"end": 935.6, "start": 935.32, "text": "You"}, {"end": 935.96, "start": 935.6, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 936.2, "start": 935.96, "text": "which"}, {"end": 936.64, "start": 936.2, "text": "is"}, {"end": 937.12, "start": 936.64, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 937.92, "start": 937.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 938.16, "start": 937.92, "text": "goes"}, {"end": 938.44, "start": 938.16, "text": "against"}, {"end": 938.56, "start": 938.44, "text": "some"}, {"end": 938.76, "start": 938.56, "text": "other"}, {"end": 939.0, "start": 938.76, "text": "things"}, {"end": 939.16, "start": 939.0, "text": "we"}, {"end": 939.28, "start": 939.16, "text": "might"}, {"end": 939.56, "start": 939.28, "text": "want"}, {"end": 939.56, "start": 939.56, "text": "in"}, {"end": 939.88, "start": 939.56, "text": "voting,"}, {"end": 940.2, "start": 939.88, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 940.2, "start": 940.2, "text": "like"}, {"end": 940.64, "start": 940.2, "text": "privacy"}, {"end": 940.8, "start": 940.64, "text": "type"}, {"end": 941.28, "start": 940.8, "text": "concerns."}, {"end": 941.64, "start": 941.28, "text": "Yeah,"}, {"end": 942.12, "start": 941.64, "text": "and"}, {"end": 942.4, "start": 942.12, "text": "I"}, {"end": 942.56, "start": 942.4, "text": "think"}, {"end": 942.8, "start": 942.56, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 942.84, "start": 942.8, "text": "some"}, {"end": 943.36, "start": 942.84, "text": "evidence"}, {"end": 943.68, "start": 943.36, "text": "that"}, {"end": 943.96, "start": 943.68, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 944.2, "start": 943.96, "text": "if"}, {"end": 944.2, "start": 944.2, "text": "you"}, {"end": 944.4, "start": 944.2, "text": "feel"}, {"end": 944.72, "start": 944.4, "text": "that"}, {"end": 944.92, "start": 944.72, "text": "you've"}, {"end": 945.0, "start": 944.92, "text": "got"}, {"end": 945.32, "start": 945.0, "text": "a"}, {"end": 945.72, "start": 945.32, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 945.84, "start": 945.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 946.24, "start": 945.84, "text": "delegations,"}, {"end": 946.44, "start": 946.24, "text": "you're"}, {"end": 946.44, "start": 946.44, "text": "going"}, {"end": 946.44, "start": 946.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 946.44, "start": 946.44, "text": "put"}, {"end": 946.68, "start": 946.44, "text": "more"}, {"end": 947.0, "start": 946.68, "text": "effort"}, {"end": 947.16, "start": 947.0, "text": "and"}, {"end": 947.6, "start": 947.16, "text": "hopefully"}, {"end": 947.76, "start": 947.6, "text": "make"}, {"end": 947.8, "start": 947.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 948.04, "start": 947.8, "text": "better"}, {"end": 949.04, "start": 948.04, "text": "decision."}, {"end": 949.32, "start": 949.04, "text": "I"}, {"end": 949.6, "start": 949.32, "text": "think"}, {"end": 949.92, "start": 949.6, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 949.92, "start": 949.92, "text": "just,"}, {"end": 950.24, "start": 949.92, "text": "you"}, {"end": 950.48, "start": 950.24, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 950.84, "start": 950.48, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 950.88, "start": 950.84, "text": "a"}, {"end": 950.88, "start": 950.88, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 951.44, "start": 950.88, "text": "of"}, {"end": 952.12, "start": 951.44, "text": "features"}, {"end": 952.12, "start": 952.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 952.12, "start": 952.12, "text": "this"}, {"end": 952.32, "start": 952.12, "text": "problem."}, {"end": 952.56, "start": 952.32, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 952.72, "start": 952.56, "text": "really"}, {"end": 952.92, "start": 952.72, "text": "hard"}, {"end": 953.4, "start": 952.92, "text": "to"}, {"end": 953.84, "start": 953.4, "text": "model"}, {"end": 954.12, "start": 953.84, "text": "everything,"}, {"end": 954.32, "start": 954.12, "text": "but,"}, {"end": 954.44, "start": 954.32, "text": "you"}, {"end": 954.64, "start": 954.44, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 954.92, "start": 954.64, "text": "I"}, {"end": 955.12, "start": 954.92, "text": "think"}, {"end": 955.32, "start": 955.12, "text": "that's,"}, {"end": 955.64, "start": 955.32, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 955.84, "start": 955.64, "text": "really"}, {"end": 956.16, "start": 955.84, "text": "exciting"}, {"end": 956.6, "start": 956.16, "text": "future"}, {"end": 956.76, "start": 956.6, "text": "work"}, {"end": 956.76, "start": 956.76, "text": "that"}, {"end": 956.84, "start": 956.76, "text": "we"}, {"end": 956.96, "start": 956.84, "text": "could"}, {"end": 957.32, "start": 956.96, "text": "hopefully"}, {"end": 957.48, "start": 957.32, "text": "look"}, {"end": 959.96, "start": 957.48, "text": "into."}], "text": " Even if you're delegating, you sort of need to know, like, what happened to my vote? Where did it end up with? You know, who's delegating to me? You know, which is sort of goes against some other things we might want in voting, maybe like privacy type concerns. Yeah, and I think there's some evidence that maybe if you feel that you've got a lot of delegations, you're going to put more effort and hopefully make a better decision. I think there's just, you know, there's a lot of features to this problem. It's really hard to model everything, but, you know, I think that's, again, really exciting future work that we could hopefully look into."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 962.16, "start": 960.0, "text": "Hi."}, {"end": 963.48, "start": 962.16, "text": "Thanks"}, {"end": 963.68, "start": 963.48, "text": "a"}, {"end": 963.92, "start": 963.68, "text": "lot"}, {"end": 964.28, "start": 963.92, "text": "for"}, {"end": 964.76, "start": 964.28, "text": "the"}, {"end": 965.04, "start": 964.76, "text": "great"}, {"end": 965.24, "start": 965.04, "text": "talk"}, {"end": 965.44, "start": 965.24, "text": "and"}, {"end": 965.68, "start": 965.44, "text": "the"}, {"end": 966.04, "start": 965.68, "text": "paper."}, {"end": 967.28, "start": 966.04, "text": "So"}, {"end": 967.4, "start": 967.28, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 967.52, "start": 967.4, "text": "not"}, {"end": 968.16, "start": 967.52, "text": "familiar"}, {"end": 968.6, "start": 968.16, "text": "with"}, {"end": 969.08, "start": 968.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 969.44, "start": 969.08, "text": "literature,"}, {"end": 969.52, "start": 969.44, "text": "but"}, {"end": 969.68, "start": 969.52, "text": "I"}, {"end": 970.0, "start": 969.68, "text": "was"}, {"end": 970.24, "start": 970.0, "text": "very"}, {"end": 970.84, "start": 970.24, "text": "interested"}, {"end": 971.68, "start": 970.84, "text": "about"}, {"end": 972.0, "start": 971.68, "text": "the"}, {"end": 972.48, "start": 972.0, "text": "question"}, {"end": 972.6, "start": 972.48, "text": "of"}, {"end": 973.16, "start": 972.6, "text": "how"}, {"end": 973.48, "start": 973.16, "text": "the"}, {"end": 974.56, "start": 973.48, "text": "network"}, {"end": 975.04, "start": 974.56, "text": "structure,"}, {"end": 975.12, "start": 975.04, "text": "if"}, {"end": 975.44, "start": 975.12, "text": "you"}, {"end": 975.64, "start": 975.44, "text": "have"}, {"end": 975.64, "start": 975.64, "text": "some"}, {"end": 976.0, "start": 975.64, "text": "prior"}, {"end": 976.4, "start": 976.0, "text": "knowledge,"}, {"end": 976.6, "start": 976.4, "text": "can"}, {"end": 976.76, "start": 976.6, "text": "you"}, {"end": 977.08, "start": 976.76, "text": "tell"}, {"end": 978.04, "start": 977.08, "text": "whether"}, {"end": 978.28, "start": 978.04, "text": "liquid"}, {"end": 979.08, "start": 978.28, "text": "democracy"}, {"end": 979.32, "start": 979.08, "text": "would"}, {"end": 979.4, "start": 979.32, "text": "work?"}, {"end": 979.8, "start": 979.4, "text": "So"}, {"end": 980.12, "start": 979.8, "text": "because"}, {"end": 980.24, "start": 980.12, "text": "I"}, {"end": 980.6, "start": 980.24, "text": "assume"}, {"end": 980.88, "start": 980.6, "text": "that"}, {"end": 981.36, "start": 980.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 981.6, "start": 981.36, "text": "problem"}, {"end": 982.04, "start": 981.6, "text": "with"}, {"end": 982.04, "start": 982.04, "text": "it"}, {"end": 982.28, "start": 982.04, "text": "can"}, {"end": 982.48, "start": 982.28, "text": "be"}, {"end": 982.48, "start": 982.48, "text": "if"}, {"end": 982.76, "start": 982.48, "text": "there's"}, {"end": 982.8, "start": 982.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 983.24, "start": 982.8, "text": "crazy"}, {"end": 983.64, "start": 983.24, "text": "cult,"}, {"end": 983.8, "start": 983.64, "text": "like"}, {"end": 984.2, "start": 983.8, "text": "some"}, {"end": 985.16, "start": 984.2, "text": "person"}, {"end": 985.2, "start": 985.16, "text": "with"}, {"end": 985.36, "start": 985.2, "text": "a"}, {"end": 985.72, "start": 985.36, "text": "network"}, {"end": 985.72, "start": 985.72, "text": "and"}, {"end": 986.08, "start": 985.72, "text": "can"}, {"end": 986.4, "start": 986.08, "text": "make"}, {"end": 987.0, "start": 986.4, "text": "important"}, {"end": 987.64, "start": 987.0, "text": "decisions."}, {"end": 989.96, "start": 987.64, "text": "Yeah."}], "text": " Hi. Thanks a lot for the great talk and the paper. So I'm not familiar with the literature, but I was very interested about the question of how the network structure, if you have some prior knowledge, can you tell whether liquid democracy would work? So because I assume that the problem with it can be if there's a crazy cult, like some person with a network and can make important decisions. Yeah."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 990.24, "start": 990.0, "text": "So"}, {"end": 990.56, "start": 990.24, "text": "how"}, {"end": 990.72, "start": 990.56, "text": "would"}, {"end": 990.72, "start": 990.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 991.16, "start": 990.72, "text": "network"}, {"end": 992.4, "start": 991.16, "text": "affect?"}, {"end": 993.0, "start": 992.4, "text": "Sort"}, {"end": 993.36, "start": 993.0, "text": "of"}, {"end": 993.56, "start": 993.36, "text": "these"}, {"end": 993.84, "start": 993.56, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 994.04, "start": 993.84, "text": "of"}, {"end": 994.12, "start": 994.04, "text": "like"}, {"end": 994.32, "start": 994.12, "text": "super"}, {"end": 994.88, "start": 994.32, "text": "voters"}, {"end": 995.2, "start": 994.88, "text": "that"}, {"end": 995.28, "start": 995.2, "text": "are"}, {"end": 995.52, "start": 995.28, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 995.84, "start": 995.52, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 995.96, "start": 995.84, "text": "of"}, {"end": 996.52, "start": 995.96, "text": "delegations?"}, {"end": 997.08, "start": 996.52, "text": "Right."}, {"end": 997.32, "start": 997.08, "text": "Yeah."}, {"end": 997.36, "start": 997.32, "text": "So"}, {"end": 997.36, "start": 997.36, "text": "this"}, {"end": 997.44, "start": 997.36, "text": "is"}, {"end": 997.92, "start": 997.44, "text": "something"}, {"end": 998.36, "start": 997.92, "text": "that"}, {"end": 998.6, "start": 998.36, "text": "happens"}, {"end": 998.6, "start": 998.6, "text": "in"}, {"end": 998.68, "start": 998.6, "text": "practice."}, {"end": 998.92, "start": 998.68, "text": "I"}, {"end": 999.36, "start": 998.92, "text": "think"}, {"end": 999.52, "start": 999.36, "text": "it"}, {"end": 999.8, "start": 999.52, "text": "is"}, {"end": 999.8, "start": 999.8, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1000.04, "start": 999.8, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 1000.36, "start": 1000.04, "text": "major"}, {"end": 1000.8, "start": 1000.36, "text": "worry."}, {"end": 1001.64, "start": 1000.8, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1001.96, "start": 1001.64, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 1002.16, "start": 1001.96, "text": "like"}, {"end": 1002.16, "start": 1002.16, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1002.52, "start": 1002.16, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1002.72, "start": 1002.52, "text": "where"}, {"end": 1003.12, "start": 1002.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1003.44, "start": 1003.12, "text": "theory"}, {"end": 1003.84, "start": 1003.44, "text": "falls"}, {"end": 1004.16, "start": 1003.84, "text": "apart"}, {"end": 1004.32, "start": 1004.16, "text": "or"}, {"end": 1004.84, "start": 1004.32, "text": "where"}, {"end": 1004.92, "start": 1004.84, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1004.92, "start": 1004.92, "text": "would"}, {"end": 1005.32, "start": 1004.92, "text": "say"}, {"end": 1005.44, "start": 1005.32, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1005.72, "start": 1005.44, "text": "doesn't"}, {"end": 1005.92, "start": 1005.72, "text": "work"}, {"end": 1006.32, "start": 1005.92, "text": "well"}, {"end": 1006.56, "start": 1006.32, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1007.2, "start": 1006.56, "text": "situations"}, {"end": 1007.32, "start": 1007.2, "text": "like"}, {"end": 1007.56, "start": 1007.32, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 1007.8, "start": 1007.56, "text": "where"}, {"end": 1007.8, "start": 1007.8, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1007.8, "start": 1007.8, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1008.04, "start": 1007.8, "text": "one"}, {"end": 1008.36, "start": 1008.04, "text": "person's"}, {"end": 1008.56, "start": 1008.36, "text": "getting"}, {"end": 1008.76, "start": 1008.56, "text": "so"}, {"end": 1009.0, "start": 1008.76, "text": "many"}, {"end": 1009.36, "start": 1009.0, "text": "votes"}, {"end": 1009.72, "start": 1009.36, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1009.92, "start": 1009.72, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1010.24, "start": 1009.92, "text": "kind"}, {"end": 1010.52, "start": 1010.24, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1010.84, "start": 1010.52, "text": "lose"}, {"end": 1011.08, "start": 1010.84, "text": "this,"}, {"end": 1011.2, "start": 1011.08, "text": "like,"}, {"end": 1011.28, "start": 1011.2, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1011.48, "start": 1011.28, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 1011.6, "start": 1011.48, "text": "spreading"}, {"end": 1011.64, "start": 1011.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1012.4, "start": 1011.64, "text": "knowledge"}, {"end": 1013.08, "start": 1012.4, "text": "across"}, {"end": 1013.08, "start": 1013.08, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1013.4, "start": 1013.08, "text": "site"}, {"end": 1013.6, "start": 1013.4, "text": "and"}, {"end": 1013.76, "start": 1013.6, "text": "like"}, {"end": 1014.08, "start": 1013.76, "text": "asking"}, {"end": 1014.16, "start": 1014.08, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 1014.16, "start": 1014.16, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1014.16, "start": 1014.16, "text": "people."}, {"end": 1014.32, "start": 1014.16, "text": "You"}, {"end": 1014.96, "start": 1014.32, "text": "know,"}, {"end": 1015.44, "start": 1014.96, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1016.32, "start": 1015.44, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1016.56, "start": 1016.32, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1016.68, "start": 1016.56, "text": "some"}, {"end": 1017.04, "start": 1016.68, "text": "cases"}, {"end": 1017.04, "start": 1017.04, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1017.32, "start": 1017.04, "text": "can"}, {"end": 1017.76, "start": 1017.32, "text": "work"}, {"end": 1018.08, "start": 1017.76, "text": "well"}, {"end": 1018.08, "start": 1018.08, "text": "if"}, {"end": 1018.08, "start": 1018.08, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1018.08, "start": 1018.08, "text": "one"}, {"end": 1018.4, "start": 1018.08, "text": "person"}, {"end": 1018.56, "start": 1018.4, "text": "who's"}, {"end": 1018.88, "start": 1018.56, "text": "receiving"}, {"end": 1019.12, "start": 1018.88, "text": "lots"}, {"end": 1019.12, "start": 1019.12, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1019.56, "start": 1019.12, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 1019.72, "start": 1019.56, "text": "really"}, {"end": 1019.96, "start": 1019.72, "text": "is,"}], "text": " So how would the network affect? Sort of these sort of like super voters that are getting lots of delegations? Right. Yeah. So this is something that happens in practice. I think it is a pretty major worry. So again, like sort of where the theory falls apart or where they would say it doesn't work well is situations like this, where sort of one person's getting so many votes that you kind of lose this, like, you know, spreading the knowledge across the site and like asking lots of people. You know, I think in some cases it can work well if that one person who's receiving lots of delegations really is,"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 1020.08, "start": 1020.0, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1020.4, "start": 1020.08, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 1020.64, "start": 1020.4, "text": "informed"}, {"end": 1021.24, "start": 1020.64, "text": "person."}, {"end": 1021.32, "start": 1021.24, "text": "In"}, {"end": 1021.44, "start": 1021.32, "text": "some"}, {"end": 1021.52, "start": 1021.44, "text": "cases"}, {"end": 1021.76, "start": 1021.52, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1021.96, "start": 1021.76, "text": "won't."}, {"end": 1022.16, "start": 1021.96, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1022.32, "start": 1022.16, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 1022.44, "start": 1022.32, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 1022.64, "start": 1022.44, "text": "very"}, {"end": 1023.12, "start": 1022.64, "text": "context"}, {"end": 1023.64, "start": 1023.12, "text": "dependent."}, {"end": 1023.76, "start": 1023.64, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1023.92, "start": 1023.76, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1024.0, "start": 1023.92, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1024.16, "start": 1024.0, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1024.32, "start": 1024.16, "text": "need"}, {"end": 1024.88, "start": 1024.32, "text": "more"}, {"end": 1025.08, "start": 1024.88, "text": "experiments."}, {"end": 1025.32, "start": 1025.08, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1025.36, "start": 1025.32, "text": "mean,"}, {"end": 1025.8, "start": 1025.36, "text": "this"}, {"end": 1025.88, "start": 1025.8, "text": "was"}, {"end": 1026.04, "start": 1025.88, "text": "hopeful"}, {"end": 1026.44, "start": 1026.04, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1026.44, "start": 1026.44, "text": "even"}, {"end": 1026.76, "start": 1026.44, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1027.64, "start": 1026.76, "text": "situations"}, {"end": 1027.8, "start": 1027.64, "text": "where"}, {"end": 1028.08, "start": 1027.8, "text": "someone"}, {"end": 1028.44, "start": 1028.08, "text": "was"}, {"end": 1028.72, "start": 1028.44, "text": "receiving"}, {"end": 1029.0, "start": 1028.72, "text": "quite"}, {"end": 1029.04, "start": 1029.0, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1029.04, "start": 1029.04, "text": "few"}, {"end": 1029.6, "start": 1029.04, "text": "delegations,"}, {"end": 1029.6, "start": 1029.6, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1029.88, "start": 1029.6, "text": "tended"}, {"end": 1030.2, "start": 1029.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1031.16, "start": 1030.2, "text": "perform"}, {"end": 1031.6, "start": 1031.16, "text": "well."}, {"end": 1031.96, "start": 1031.6, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1032.24, "start": 1031.96, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 1032.28, "start": 1032.24, "text": "we'd"}, {"end": 1032.32, "start": 1032.28, "text": "be"}, {"end": 1032.6, "start": 1032.32, "text": "hopeful"}, {"end": 1032.76, "start": 1032.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1033.08, "start": 1032.76, "text": "that."}, {"end": 1033.44, "start": 1033.08, "text": "But"}, {"end": 1033.8, "start": 1033.44, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 1034.08, "start": 1033.8, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1034.48, "start": 1034.08, "text": "don't"}, {"end": 1034.72, "start": 1034.48, "text": "want"}, {"end": 1034.72, "start": 1034.72, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1034.72, "start": 1034.72, "text": "claim"}, {"end": 1034.92, "start": 1034.72, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1035.64, "start": 1034.92, "text": "generalizes"}, {"end": 1036.16, "start": 1035.64, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1036.4, "start": 1036.16, "text": "always"}, {"end": 1036.72, "start": 1036.4, "text": "true."}, {"end": 1036.8, "start": 1036.72, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1036.96, "start": 1036.8, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1037.28, "start": 1036.96, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1037.52, "start": 1037.28, "text": "more"}, {"end": 1038.0, "start": 1037.52, "text": "experiments"}, {"end": 1038.0, "start": 1038.0, "text": "are"}, {"end": 1038.24, "start": 1038.0, "text": "needed."}, {"end": 1038.64, "start": 1038.24, "text": "Yeah."}, {"end": 1038.8, "start": 1038.64, "text": "Thank"}, {"end": 1039.12, "start": 1038.8, "text": "you."}, {"end": 1039.24, "start": 1039.12, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1041.76, "start": 1039.24, "text": "see"}, {"end": 1041.88, "start": 1041.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1042.4, "start": 1041.88, "text": "bunch"}, {"end": 1042.6, "start": 1042.4, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1042.72, "start": 1042.6, "text": "questions."}, {"end": 1042.84, "start": 1042.72, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 1042.84, "start": 1042.84, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1043.12, "start": 1042.84, "text": "have"}, {"end": 1045.52, "start": 1043.12, "text": "time"}, {"end": 1045.72, "start": 1045.52, "text": "for"}, {"end": 1045.96, "start": 1045.72, "text": "one"}, {"end": 1046.48, "start": 1045.96, "text": "or"}, {"end": 1046.96, "start": 1046.48, "text": "two"}, {"end": 1047.24, "start": 1046.96, "text": "more."}, {"end": 1047.48, "start": 1047.24, "text": "I'm"}, {"end": 1047.76, "start": 1047.48, "text": "wondering"}, {"end": 1047.8, "start": 1047.76, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1047.8, "start": 1047.8, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1048.08, "start": 1047.8, "text": "experiment,"}, {"end": 1048.08, "start": 1048.08, "text": "did"}, {"end": 1048.08, "start": 1048.08, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1048.32, "start": 1048.08, "text": "collect"}, {"end": 1048.52, "start": 1048.32, "text": "demographic"}, {"end": 1049.24, "start": 1048.52, "text": "information?"}, {"end": 1049.68, "start": 1049.24, "text": "Because"}, {"end": 1049.96, "start": 1049.68, "text": "you're"}], "text": " a pretty informed person. In some cases it won't. So again, it's very context dependent. I think we just need more experiments. I mean, this was hopeful that even in situations where someone was receiving quite a few delegations, it tended to perform well. So maybe we'd be hopeful of that. But again, I don't want to claim that generalizes is always true. I think just more experiments are needed. Yeah. Thank you. I see a bunch of questions. Maybe we have time for one or two more. I'm wondering in the experiment, did you collect demographic information? Because you're"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 1050.08, "start": 1050.0, "text": "Imagine"}, {"end": 1050.4, "start": 1050.08, "text": "there"}, {"end": 1050.68, "start": 1050.4, "text": "might"}, {"end": 1050.96, "start": 1050.68, "text": "be"}, {"end": 1051.32, "start": 1050.96, "text": "gaps"}, {"end": 1051.68, "start": 1051.32, "text": "based"}, {"end": 1051.96, "start": 1051.68, "text": "on"}, {"end": 1052.56, "start": 1051.96, "text": "gender"}, {"end": 1052.84, "start": 1052.56, "text": "or"}, {"end": 1053.2, "start": 1052.84, "text": "religious"}, {"end": 1053.88, "start": 1053.2, "text": "affiliation."}, {"end": 1054.76, "start": 1053.88, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1055.12, "start": 1054.76, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1055.4, "start": 1055.12, "text": "don't"}, {"end": 1056.0, "start": 1055.4, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1056.36, "start": 1056.0, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1056.44, "start": 1056.36, "text": "did."}, {"end": 1056.56, "start": 1056.44, "text": "We"}, {"end": 1056.56, "start": 1056.56, "text": "did"}, {"end": 1057.04, "start": 1056.56, "text": "do"}, {"end": 1057.6, "start": 1057.04, "text": "these"}, {"end": 1057.64, "start": 1057.6, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1058.0, "start": 1057.64, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 1058.44, "start": 1058.0, "text": "small"}, {"end": 1058.76, "start": 1058.44, "text": "classroom"}, {"end": 1059.2, "start": 1058.76, "text": "environments"}, {"end": 1059.4, "start": 1059.2, "text": "where"}, {"end": 1059.48, "start": 1059.4, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1059.52, "start": 1059.48, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1059.88, "start": 1059.52, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1060.52, "start": 1059.88, "text": "demographics"}, {"end": 1060.72, "start": 1060.52, "text": "weren't"}, {"end": 1061.36, "start": 1060.72, "text": "too"}, {"end": 1061.72, "start": 1061.36, "text": "mixed."}, {"end": 1062.08, "start": 1061.72, "text": "Yeah,"}, {"end": 1062.48, "start": 1062.08, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1062.68, "start": 1062.48, "text": "mean,"}, {"end": 1063.0, "start": 1062.68, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1063.04, "start": 1063.0, "text": "think,"}, {"end": 1063.44, "start": 1063.04, "text": "again,"}, {"end": 1063.64, "start": 1063.44, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1063.92, "start": 1063.64, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1064.2, "start": 1063.92, "text": "need"}, {"end": 1064.52, "start": 1064.2, "text": "more"}, {"end": 1064.96, "start": 1064.52, "text": "experiments."}, {"end": 1065.28, "start": 1064.96, "text": "This"}, {"end": 1065.28, "start": 1065.28, "text": "really"}, {"end": 1065.28, "start": 1065.28, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1065.52, "start": 1065.28, "text": "small"}, {"end": 1066.0, "start": 1065.52, "text": "scale."}, {"end": 1066.32, "start": 1066.0, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1066.6, "start": 1066.32, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1066.68, "start": 1066.6, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1072.76, "start": 1066.68, "text": "was"}, {"end": 1073.16, "start": 1072.76, "text": "hoping..."}, {"end": 1073.28, "start": 1073.16, "text": "...we"}, {"end": 1073.28, "start": 1073.28, "text": "need"}, {"end": 1073.4, "start": 1073.28, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1073.6, "start": 1073.4, "text": "take"}, {"end": 1073.92, "start": 1073.6, "text": "into"}, {"end": 1074.52, "start": 1073.92, "text": "account,"}, {"end": 1074.84, "start": 1074.52, "text": "and"}, {"end": 1074.92, "start": 1074.84, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1074.92, "start": 1074.92, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1075.44, "start": 1074.92, "text": "that's"}, {"end": 1075.52, "start": 1075.44, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1075.6, "start": 1075.52, "text": "really"}, {"end": 1075.6, "start": 1075.6, "text": "good"}, {"end": 1075.68, "start": 1075.6, "text": "point."}, {"end": 1075.68, "start": 1075.68, "text": "That"}, {"end": 1075.72, "start": 1075.68, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1075.72, "start": 1075.72, "text": "something"}, {"end": 1075.84, "start": 1075.72, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1075.92, "start": 1075.84, "text": "definitely"}, {"end": 1075.92, "start": 1075.92, "text": "should"}, {"end": 1076.04, "start": 1075.92, "text": "be"}, {"end": 1076.36, "start": 1076.04, "text": "looking"}, {"end": 1076.44, "start": 1076.36, "text": "into."}, {"end": 1077.08, "start": 1076.44, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1077.16, "start": 1077.08, "text": "thank"}, {"end": 1079.96, "start": 1077.16, "text": "you."}], "text": " Imagine there might be gaps based on gender or religious affiliation. So I don't think we did. We did do these in pretty small classroom environments where I think the demographics weren't too mixed. Yeah, I mean, I think, again, we just need more experiments. This really is small scale. I sort of was hoping... ...we need to take into account, and I think that's a really good point. That is something we definitely should be looking into. So thank you."}, {"chunks": [{"end": 1081.76, "start": 1080.0, "text": "Thanks"}, {"end": 1081.88, "start": 1081.76, "text": "so"}, {"end": 1082.16, "start": 1081.88, "text": "much."}, {"end": 1082.44, "start": 1082.16, "text": "Really"}, {"end": 1083.08, "start": 1082.44, "text": "interesting"}, {"end": 1083.28, "start": 1083.08, "text": "work."}, {"end": 1083.52, "start": 1083.28, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1083.76, "start": 1083.52, "text": "might"}, {"end": 1083.84, "start": 1083.76, "text": "have"}, {"end": 1084.12, "start": 1083.84, "text": "missed"}, {"end": 1084.32, "start": 1084.12, "text": "it,"}, {"end": 1084.6, "start": 1084.32, "text": "but"}, {"end": 1084.6, "start": 1084.6, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1084.6, "start": 1084.6, "text": "was"}, {"end": 1085.12, "start": 1084.6, "text": "curious"}, {"end": 1085.84, "start": 1085.12, "text": "how"}, {"end": 1086.24, "start": 1085.84, "text": "agents"}, {"end": 1086.48, "start": 1086.24, "text": "learn"}, {"end": 1086.64, "start": 1086.48, "text": "their"}, {"end": 1087.68, "start": 1086.64, "text": "preferences"}, {"end": 1087.84, "start": 1087.68, "text": "over"}, {"end": 1088.04, "start": 1087.84, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1088.4, "start": 1088.04, "text": "nodes"}, {"end": 1088.64, "start": 1088.4, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1088.84, "start": 1088.64, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1088.96, "start": 1088.84, "text": "network."}, {"end": 1089.44, "start": 1088.96, "text": "Is"}, {"end": 1089.76, "start": 1089.44, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1089.92, "start": 1089.76, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1090.32, "start": 1089.92, "text": "learning"}, {"end": 1090.76, "start": 1090.32, "text": "process"}, {"end": 1091.04, "start": 1090.76, "text": "or"}, {"end": 1091.08, "start": 1091.04, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1091.08, "start": 1091.08, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1091.32, "start": 1091.08, "text": "just,"}, {"end": 1091.72, "start": 1091.32, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1091.92, "start": 1091.72, "text": "mean,"}, {"end": 1092.24, "start": 1091.92, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1092.56, "start": 1092.24, "text": "theory"}, {"end": 1092.88, "start": 1092.56, "text": "work,"}, {"end": 1093.0, "start": 1092.88, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 1093.2, "start": 1093.0, "text": "probably"}, {"end": 1093.4, "start": 1093.2, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1093.72, "start": 1093.4, "text": "random,"}, {"end": 1093.96, "start": 1093.72, "text": "right?"}, {"end": 1094.16, "start": 1093.96, "text": "Sorry,"}, {"end": 1094.2, "start": 1094.16, "text": "what"}, {"end": 1094.2, "start": 1094.2, "text": "do"}, {"end": 1094.2, "start": 1094.2, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1095.0, "start": 1094.2, "text": "mean"}, {"end": 1095.64, "start": 1095.0, "text": "by"}, {"end": 1095.96, "start": 1095.64, "text": "learning,"}, {"end": 1096.36, "start": 1095.96, "text": "like"}, {"end": 1096.68, "start": 1096.36, "text": "deciding"}, {"end": 1097.12, "start": 1096.68, "text": "how"}, {"end": 1097.12, "start": 1097.12, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1097.16, "start": 1097.12, "text": "vote?"}, {"end": 1097.32, "start": 1097.16, "text": "Like"}, {"end": 1097.4, "start": 1097.32, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1097.88, "start": 1097.4, "text": "weights"}, {"end": 1098.16, "start": 1097.88, "text": "over"}, {"end": 1099.08, "start": 1098.16, "text": "the..."}, {"end": 1099.48, "start": 1099.08, "text": "Oh,"}, {"end": 1099.64, "start": 1099.48, "text": "yeah."}, {"end": 1100.6, "start": 1099.64, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1100.72, "start": 1100.6, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1101.12, "start": 1100.72, "text": "way"}, {"end": 1101.2, "start": 1101.12, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1101.56, "start": 1101.2, "text": "tends"}, {"end": 1101.92, "start": 1101.56, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1102.12, "start": 1101.92, "text": "actually"}, {"end": 1102.2, "start": 1102.12, "text": "be"}, {"end": 1102.64, "start": 1102.2, "text": "implemented"}, {"end": 1103.0, "start": 1102.64, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1103.04, "start": 1103.0, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 1103.4, "start": 1103.04, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1103.52, "start": 1103.4, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1103.84, "start": 1103.52, "text": "all"}, {"end": 1104.2, "start": 1103.84, "text": "public,"}, {"end": 1104.4, "start": 1104.2, "text": "which"}, {"end": 1104.6, "start": 1104.4, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1104.72, "start": 1104.6, "text": "maybe"}, {"end": 1104.96, "start": 1104.72, "text": "not"}, {"end": 1105.04, "start": 1104.96, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1105.28, "start": 1105.04, "text": "best"}, {"end": 1105.48, "start": 1105.28, "text": "thing,"}, {"end": 1105.76, "start": 1105.48, "text": "but"}, {"end": 1106.44, "start": 1105.76, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1106.44, "start": 1106.44, "text": "can"}, {"end": 1106.72, "start": 1106.44, "text": "see"}, {"end": 1106.88, "start": 1106.72, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1107.28, "start": 1106.88, "text": "whole"}, {"end": 1107.56, "start": 1107.28, "text": "graph."}, {"end": 1107.64, "start": 1107.56, "text": "They"}, {"end": 1107.76, "start": 1107.64, "text": "can"}, {"end": 1108.16, "start": 1107.76, "text": "see"}, {"end": 1108.36, "start": 1108.16, "text": "who"}, {"end": 1108.8, "start": 1108.36, "text": "delegated"}, {"end": 1109.12, "start": 1108.8, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1109.48, "start": 1109.12, "text": "who."}, {"end": 1109.64, "start": 1109.48, "text": "They"}, {"end": 1109.72, "start": 1109.64, "text": "can"}, {"end": 1109.96, "start": 1109.72, "text": "see"}], "text": " Thanks so much. Really interesting work. I might have missed it, but I was curious how agents learn their preferences over the nodes in the network. Is it a learning process or is it just, I mean, in theory work, it's probably just random, right? Sorry, what do you mean by learning, like deciding how to vote? Like the weights over the... Oh, yeah. So the way it tends to actually be implemented is it's sort of all public, which is maybe not the best thing, but people can see the whole graph. They can see who delegated to who. They can see"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 1110.52, "start": 1110.0, "text": "what"}, {"end": 1111.12, "start": 1110.52, "text": "delegations"}, {"end": 1111.32, "start": 1111.12, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1111.68, "start": 1111.32, "text": "received."}, {"end": 1112.04, "start": 1111.68, "text": "Actually,"}, {"end": 1112.36, "start": 1112.04, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1112.68, "start": 1112.36, "text": "our"}, {"end": 1113.04, "start": 1112.68, "text": "experiments,"}, {"end": 1113.32, "start": 1113.04, "text": "that's"}, {"end": 1113.44, "start": 1113.32, "text": "not"}, {"end": 1114.0, "start": 1113.44, "text": "how"}, {"end": 1114.24, "start": 1114.0, "text": "it"}, {"end": 1114.56, "start": 1114.24, "text": "happened."}, {"end": 1114.68, "start": 1114.56, "text": "We"}, {"end": 1114.72, "start": 1114.68, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1114.84, "start": 1114.72, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1114.84, "start": 1114.84, "text": "had"}, {"end": 1114.84, "start": 1114.84, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1114.92, "start": 1114.84, "text": "vote"}, {"end": 1115.08, "start": 1114.92, "text": "and"}, {"end": 1115.56, "start": 1115.08, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1115.92, "start": 1115.56, "text": "were"}, {"end": 1116.24, "start": 1115.92, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1116.56, "start": 1116.24, "text": "filling"}, {"end": 1116.56, "start": 1116.56, "text": "out"}, {"end": 1116.68, "start": 1116.56, "text": "their"}, {"end": 1116.96, "start": 1116.68, "text": "one"}, {"end": 1117.04, "start": 1116.96, "text": "little"}, {"end": 1117.24, "start": 1117.04, "text": "form."}, {"end": 1117.48, "start": 1117.24, "text": "They"}, {"end": 1117.76, "start": 1117.48, "text": "don't"}, {"end": 1117.88, "start": 1117.76, "text": "know"}, {"end": 1117.96, "start": 1117.88, "text": "what"}, {"end": 1118.08, "start": 1117.96, "text": "other"}, {"end": 1118.24, "start": 1118.08, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1118.36, "start": 1118.24, "text": "are"}, {"end": 1118.56, "start": 1118.36, "text": "doing."}, {"end": 1118.64, "start": 1118.56, "text": "But"}, {"end": 1118.76, "start": 1118.64, "text": "I"}, {"end": 1118.92, "start": 1118.76, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1119.0, "start": 1118.92, "text": "in"}, {"end": 1119.2, "start": 1119.0, "text": "real"}, {"end": 1119.4, "start": 1119.2, "text": "world"}, {"end": 1119.84, "start": 1119.4, "text": "situations"}, {"end": 1120.4, "start": 1119.84, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1120.8, "start": 1120.4, "text": "does"}, {"end": 1121.32, "start": 1120.8, "text": "happen."}, {"end": 1122.08, "start": 1121.32, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1122.28, "start": 1122.08, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1123.2, "start": 1122.28, "text": "are"}, {"end": 1123.56, "start": 1123.2, "text": "aware"}, {"end": 1123.76, "start": 1123.56, "text": "pretty"}, {"end": 1124.32, "start": 1123.76, "text": "frequently"}, {"end": 1124.64, "start": 1124.32, "text": "how"}, {"end": 1124.84, "start": 1124.64, "text": "many"}, {"end": 1125.12, "start": 1124.84, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1125.24, "start": 1125.12, "text": "did"}, {"end": 1125.44, "start": 1125.24, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 1125.68, "start": 1125.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1126.44, "start": 1125.68, "text": "you."}, {"end": 1126.64, "start": 1126.44, "text": "But"}, {"end": 1126.96, "start": 1126.64, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1127.32, "start": 1126.96, "text": "also"}, {"end": 1127.68, "start": 1127.32, "text": "know"}, {"end": 1127.96, "start": 1127.68, "text": "which"}, {"end": 1127.96, "start": 1127.96, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1128.12, "start": 1127.96, "text": "their"}, {"end": 1128.48, "start": 1128.12, "text": "friends"}, {"end": 1128.76, "start": 1128.48, "text": "have"}, {"end": 1129.12, "start": 1128.76, "text": "some"}, {"end": 1129.64, "start": 1129.12, "text": "expertise."}, {"end": 1129.76, "start": 1129.64, "text": "Oh,"}, {"end": 1130.0, "start": 1129.76, "text": "no."}, {"end": 1130.24, "start": 1130.0, "text": "So"}, {"end": 1131.0, "start": 1130.24, "text": "that's"}, {"end": 1131.4, "start": 1131.0, "text": "just"}, {"end": 1131.64, "start": 1131.4, "text": "assumed"}, {"end": 1131.76, "start": 1131.64, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1132.04, "start": 1131.76, "text": "be,"}, {"end": 1132.4, "start": 1132.04, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1132.56, "start": 1132.4, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 1133.48, "start": 1132.56, "text": "however"}, {"end": 1133.68, "start": 1133.48, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1133.68, "start": 1133.68, "text": "want."}, {"end": 1134.28, "start": 1133.68, "text": "There"}, {"end": 1134.68, "start": 1134.28, "text": "are"}, {"end": 1134.84, "start": 1134.68, "text": "other"}, {"end": 1135.44, "start": 1134.84, "text": "mechanisms"}, {"end": 1135.6, "start": 1135.44, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1135.64, "start": 1135.6, "text": "sort"}, {"end": 1135.84, "start": 1135.64, "text": "of"}, {"end": 1136.6, "start": 1135.84, "text": "take"}, {"end": 1136.84, "start": 1136.6, "text": "a"}, {"end": 1137.0, "start": 1136.84, "text": "more"}, {"end": 1137.36, "start": 1137.0, "text": "central"}, {"end": 1137.84, "start": 1137.36, "text": "planning"}, {"end": 1138.4, "start": 1137.84, "text": "type"}, {"end": 1138.84, "start": 1138.4, "text": "approach."}, {"end": 1139.08, "start": 1138.84, "text": "Maybe"}, {"end": 1139.36, "start": 1139.08, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1139.96, "start": 1139.36, "text": "can"}], "text": " what delegations they received. Actually, in our experiments, that's not how it happened. We sort of had people vote and they were just filling out their one little form. They don't know what other people are doing. But I think in real world situations that does happen. So you are aware pretty frequently how many people did delegate to you. But they also know which of their friends have some expertise. Oh, no. So that's just assumed to be, you delegate however you want. There are other mechanisms that sort of take a more central planning type approach. Maybe we can"}, {"chunks": [{"end": 1140.2, "start": 1140.0, "text": "encourage"}, {"end": 1140.44, "start": 1140.2, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1140.68, "start": 1140.44, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1140.84, "start": 1140.68, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 1141.28, "start": 1140.84, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1141.6, "start": 1141.28, "text": "better"}, {"end": 1141.76, "start": 1141.6, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1142.04, "start": 1141.76, "text": "or"}, {"end": 1142.2, "start": 1142.04, "text": "make"}, {"end": 1142.6, "start": 1142.2, "text": "decisions."}, {"end": 1142.88, "start": 1142.6, "text": "We"}, {"end": 1143.4, "start": 1142.88, "text": "were"}, {"end": 1143.72, "start": 1143.4, "text": "really"}, {"end": 1143.88, "start": 1143.72, "text": "hoping"}, {"end": 1143.96, "start": 1143.88, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1144.16, "start": 1143.96, "text": "keep"}, {"end": 1144.48, "start": 1144.16, "text": "this"}, {"end": 1145.2, "start": 1144.48, "text": "very"}, {"end": 1145.88, "start": 1145.2, "text": "local."}, {"end": 1145.96, "start": 1145.88, "text": "It's"}, {"end": 1146.36, "start": 1145.96, "text": "your"}, {"end": 1146.76, "start": 1146.36, "text": "own"}, {"end": 1147.16, "start": 1146.76, "text": "decision."}, {"end": 1147.4, "start": 1147.16, "text": "We're"}, {"end": 1148.0, "start": 1147.4, "text": "not"}, {"end": 1148.6, "start": 1148.0, "text": "going"}, {"end": 1148.68, "start": 1148.6, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1148.96, "start": 1148.68, "text": "make"}, {"end": 1149.2, "start": 1148.96, "text": "you"}, {"end": 1149.24, "start": 1149.2, "text": "do"}, {"end": 1149.6, "start": 1149.24, "text": "anything."}, {"end": 1149.88, "start": 1149.6, "text": "And"}, {"end": 1150.08, "start": 1149.88, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1150.32, "start": 1150.08, "text": "hope"}, {"end": 1150.44, "start": 1150.32, "text": "is"}, {"end": 1150.44, "start": 1150.44, "text": "that"}, {"end": 1150.44, "start": 1150.44, "text": "we"}, {"end": 1151.2, "start": 1150.44, "text": "implicitly"}, {"end": 1151.4, "start": 1151.2, "text": "get"}, {"end": 1152.24, "start": 1151.4, "text": "people"}, {"end": 1152.56, "start": 1152.24, "text": "moving"}, {"end": 1152.76, "start": 1152.56, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1152.96, "start": 1152.76, "text": "right"}, {"end": 1153.36, "start": 1152.96, "text": "direction,"}, {"end": 1153.44, "start": 1153.36, "text": "but"}, {"end": 1153.72, "start": 1153.44, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1153.92, "start": 1153.72, "text": "can"}, {"end": 1154.04, "start": 1153.92, "text": "delegate"}, {"end": 1154.36, "start": 1154.04, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1154.76, "start": 1154.36, "text": "whoever"}, {"end": 1155.04, "start": 1154.76, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1155.12, "start": 1155.04, "text": "want"}, {"end": 1155.12, "start": 1155.12, "text": "to."}, {"end": 1155.2, "start": 1155.12, "text": "And"}, {"end": 1155.64, "start": 1155.2, "text": "whatever"}, {"end": 1155.88, "start": 1155.64, "text": "they"}, {"end": 1156.0, "start": 1155.88, "text": "think"}, {"end": 1156.44, "start": 1156.0, "text": "expertise"}, {"end": 1156.72, "start": 1156.44, "text": "means"}, {"end": 1157.12, "start": 1156.72, "text": "to"}, {"end": 1157.4, "start": 1157.12, "text": "them,"}, {"end": 1157.64, "start": 1157.4, "text": "it's"}, {"end": 1157.92, "start": 1157.64, "text": "their"}, {"end": 1158.2, "start": 1157.92, "text": "choice."}, {"end": 1161.0, "start": 1158.2, "text": "Thanks."}, {"end": 1161.4, "start": 1161.0, "text": "OK."}, {"end": 1162.12, "start": 1161.4, "text": "Let's"}, {"end": 1162.48, "start": 1162.12, "text": "thank"}, {"end": 1163.32, "start": 1162.48, "text": "the"}, {"end": 1165.88, "start": 1163.32, "text": "speaker"}, {"end": 1167.12, "start": 1165.88, "text": "again."}], "text": " encourage people to delegate to better people or make decisions. We were really hoping to keep this very local. It's your own decision. We're not going to make you do anything. And the hope is that we implicitly get people moving the right direction, but they can delegate to whoever they want to. And whatever they think expertise means to them, it's their choice. Thanks. OK. Let's thank the speaker again."}]}} |