diff --git "a/training_set.jsonl" "b/training_set.jsonl"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/training_set.jsonl"
@@ -0,0 +1,7982 @@
+[
+{
+"instruction": "Explain how a for loop works in Python.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A for loop in Python is used to iterate over a sequence, such as a list, tuple, string, or range. For each item in the sequence, the loop executes a block of code. The syntax is: for variable in sequence: do something. The loop continues until all items have been processed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three benefits of regular exercise.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health, boosts mental well-being, and helps maintain a healthy weight."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of photosynthesis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This occurs in the chloroplasts, where chlorophyll captures light energy to drive the chemical reactions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you reset a Wi-Fi router?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To reset a Wi-Fi router, locate the reset button, usually found on the back. Press and hold it for about 10 seconds using a paperclip or similar object. Release the button and wait for the router to reboot. This restores factory settings."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a lost dog finding its way home.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Max, a small brown dog, wandered too far from his yard one afternoon. As the sun set, he realized he was lost. Using his keen sense of smell, Max followed familiar scents through the neighborhood. After hours of searching, he recognized the sound of his owner's voice calling in the distance. With a burst of energy, Max ran toward the sound and joyfully reunited with his family, who welcomed him home with open arms."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a comet and an asteroid?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A comet is a small solar system body made mostly of ice and dust, which develops a glowing coma and tail when near the Sun. An asteroid is a rocky or metallic object, usually found in the asteroid belt, that does not form a tail."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main causes of the American Civil War.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main causes of the American Civil War were disputes over slavery, states' rights, economic differences between the North and South, and the election of Abraham Lincoln, which led Southern states to secede."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a triangle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To calculate the area of a triangle, multiply the base by the height and divide by two. The formula is: Area = (base × height) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Give an example of a metaphor.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Her voice was music to his ears."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the function of the mitochondria in a cell.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The mitochondria are organelles known as the powerhouses of the cell. They generate energy by converting glucose and oxygen into ATP through cellular respiration."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What are the main differences between JPEG and PNG image formats?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "JPEG is a compressed image format that loses some quality but results in smaller file sizes, making it ideal for photographs. PNG is a lossless format that preserves image quality and supports transparency, making it suitable for graphics and images with text."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe how to make a cup of tea.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Boil water and pour it over a tea bag or loose tea leaves in a cup. Let it steep for 3-5 minutes, then remove the tea bag or strain the leaves. Add milk, sugar, or lemon as desired."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Pythagorean theorem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common symptoms of the flu.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Common symptoms of the flu include fever, body aches, and a sore throat."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a new folder in Windows?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Right-click in the desired location, select 'New', then click 'Folder'. Type a name for the folder and press Enter."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of supply and demand.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Supply and demand is an economic principle where the price of a good is determined by the availability of the good (supply) and the desire for it (demand). When demand exceeds supply, prices rise; when supply exceeds demand, prices fall."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the boiling point of water at sea level?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three programming languages used for web development.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three programming languages used for web development are JavaScript, HTML, and CSS."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve the equation 2x + 5 = 13?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 5 from both sides to get 2x = 8. Then divide both sides by 2 to find x = 4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the water cycle.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The water cycle is the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. It involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the heart?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two advantages of electric cars.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Electric cars produce zero tailpipe emissions and are often cheaper to maintain than gasoline vehicles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you change the font size in a Word document?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Highlight the text, go to the Home tab, and select the desired font size from the font size dropdown menu."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a haiku?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A haiku is a traditional Japanese poem with three lines, following a 5-7-5 syllable pattern."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, can be replenished naturally and are sustainable. Nonrenewable sources, such as coal and oil, are finite and will eventually run out."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the capital of France?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The capital of France is Paris."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9/5 and then add 32 to get Fahrenheit."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three types of clouds.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of clouds are cumulus, stratus, and cirrus."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of DNA in living organisms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main purpose of a resume?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main purpose of a resume is to summarize your skills, experience, and education for potential employers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you find the mean of a set of numbers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add all the numbers together and divide the sum by the total number of values."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of gravity.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gravity is a force that attracts objects with mass toward each other. On Earth, it gives weight to physical objects and causes them to fall toward the ground."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the CPU in a computer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The CPU, or central processing unit, is the brain of the computer. It processes instructions, performs calculations, and manages data flow."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three causes of climate change.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three causes of climate change are burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial emissions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you make scrambled eggs?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Beat eggs in a bowl, pour them into a heated, greased pan, and stir gently over medium heat until they are cooked to your liking."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a virus and bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Viruses are non-living infectious agents that require a host cell to reproduce, while bacteria are single-celled living organisms that can reproduce on their own."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of mitosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitosis is the process by which a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main theme of 'Romeo and Juliet'?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main theme of 'Romeo and Juliet' is the power and tragedy of forbidden love."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the perimeter of a rectangle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add together the lengths of all four sides, or use the formula: Perimeter = 2 × (length + width)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name two famous inventors and their inventions.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Thomas Edison invented the light bulb, and Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a simile and a metaphor.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A simile compares two things using 'like' or 'as', while a metaphor directly states that one thing is another."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the liver?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The liver processes nutrients, detoxifies harmful substances, produces bile, and helps regulate metabolism."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you back up files on a computer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Copy important files to an external hard drive, cloud storage, or another secure location to create a backup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of renewable energy.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of renewable energy are solar, wind, and hydroelectric power."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the quadratic formula?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The quadratic formula is x = (-b ± √(b²-4ac)) / (2a), used to solve quadratic equations."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the structure of an atom.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in orbitals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you set an alarm on a smartphone?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Open the clock app, select 'Alarm', tap the '+' icon, set the desired time, and save the alarm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the roots in a plant?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Roots anchor the plant in the soil and absorb water and nutrients."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between fiction and nonfiction.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fiction is literature created from the imagination, while nonfiction is based on real events and facts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "List the factors of both numbers and find the largest one they share, or use the Euclidean algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the United Nations?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The United Nations promotes international cooperation, peace, and security, and works to solve global problems."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common programming data types.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three common programming data types are integer, string, and boolean."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you change a flat tire?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Loosen the lug nuts, jack up the car, remove the flat tire, mount the spare, tighten the lug nuts, and lower the car."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between weather and climate?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Weather refers to short-term atmospheric conditions, while climate is the average weather over a long period."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of evaporation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Evaporation is the process where liquid water turns into vapor due to heat, rising into the atmosphere."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main purpose of a thesis statement in an essay?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A thesis statement presents the main argument or point of the essay, guiding the direction of the writing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the volume of a cube?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the length of one side by itself three times: Volume = side³."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name two types of computer storage devices.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer storage devices are hard drives and solid-state drives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of opportunity cost.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative that is given up when making a decision."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the respiratory system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The respiratory system supplies oxygen to the body and removes carbon dioxide through breathing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a basic HTML page?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Title</title></head><body><h1>Hello, world!</h1></body></html>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of musical instruments.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of musical instruments are string, wind, and percussion instruments."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a democracy and a dictatorship?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In a democracy, citizens have the power to elect leaders and influence laws. In a dictatorship, power is held by one person or a small group, often without free elections."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of condensation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Condensation is the process where water vapor cools and changes into liquid droplets, forming clouds or dew."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for x in the equation x/4 = 7?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply both sides by 4 to get x = 28."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the kidneys?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three countries in South America.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three countries in South America are Brazil, Argentina, and Chile."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between RAM and ROM.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "RAM is temporary memory used for active processes, while ROM is permanent memory that stores essential instructions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you make a paper airplane?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise, unfold, fold the top corners to the center crease, fold the angled edges to the center, then fold the plane in half and create wings by folding down the sides."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the skeletal system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The skeletal system provides structure, protects organs, and enables movement."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of renewable resources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of renewable resources are solar energy and wind energy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the median of a set of numbers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Arrange the numbers in order and find the middle value. If there is an even number of values, average the two middle numbers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of chlorophyll in plants?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chlorophyll absorbs light energy for photosynthesis, allowing plants to make food."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a noun and a verb.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A verb is a word that expresses an action or state of being."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a strong password?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a mix of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and special characters. Avoid common words and use at least 8-12 characters."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main purpose of the digestive system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of rocks.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you convert a decimal to a fraction?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Write the decimal as a fraction with 1 as the denominator, then multiply numerator and denominator by 10 until the numerator is a whole number. Simplify if possible."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the circulatory system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The circulatory system transports blood, nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a laptop and a desktop computer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A laptop is a portable computer with an integrated screen and keyboard, while a desktop is a stationary computer with separate components."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you find the least common multiple (LCM) of two numbers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "List the multiples of each number and find the smallest one they share, or use the formula: LCM(a, b) = (a × b) / GCD(a, b)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the nervous system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The nervous system controls and coordinates body activities by transmitting signals between different parts of the body."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two examples of renewable energy sources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two examples of renewable energy sources are solar power and wind power."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a basic for loop in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { console.log(i); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a mammal and a reptile?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mammals are warm-blooded, have hair or fur, and give live birth. Reptiles are cold-blooded, have scales, and usually lay eggs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of precipitation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Precipitation occurs when water droplets in clouds become heavy enough to fall to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a circle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply pi (π) by the square of the radius: Area = π × r²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the pancreas?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, including insulin, to regulate blood sugar."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of government.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of government are democracy, monarchy, and dictatorship."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you change the background color in CSS?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'background-color' property, for example: body { background-color: blue; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the immune system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The immune system defends the body against infections and diseases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a primary and secondary source.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A primary source is original, firsthand evidence, such as a diary or photograph. A secondary source interprets or analyzes primary sources, like a textbook."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve the equation 3x - 2 = 10?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 2 to both sides to get 3x = 12, then divide by 3 to find x = 4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the large intestine?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The large intestine absorbs water and forms solid waste for elimination."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer networks.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer networks are local area networks (LAN) and wide area networks (WAN)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'def' keyword, for example: def greet(name): print('Hello, ' + name)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a galaxy and a solar system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A galaxy is a massive collection of stars, planets, and other matter. A solar system consists of a star and the objects orbiting it."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of cellular respiration.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the slope of a line given two points?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract the y-values and divide by the difference in x-values: Slope = (y2 - y1) / (x2 - x1)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the small intestine?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The small intestine digests food and absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of financial assets.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of financial assets are stocks, bonds, and real estate."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a pie chart in Excel?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Select your data, go to the 'Insert' tab, and choose 'Pie Chart' from the chart options."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a proton and a neutron?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A proton has a positive charge, while a neutron has no charge. Both are found in the nucleus of an atom."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of inflation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Inflation is the general increase in prices over time, reducing the purchasing power of money."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a conditional statement in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'if' statement, for example: if (x > 10) { console.log('x is greater than 10'); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the ozone layer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The ozone layer protects Earth by absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of renewable materials.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of renewable materials are bamboo and cork."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the circumference of a circle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply pi (π) by the diameter: Circumference = π × diameter."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A mixture is a combination of substances that retain their individual properties, while a compound is a substance formed by chemically combining elements."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of natural selection.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on advantageous traits."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a while loop in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'while' keyword, for example: while x < 5: print(x); x += 1"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the rib cage?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The rib cage protects the heart and lungs and supports breathing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of renewable energy technologies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of renewable energy technologies are solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric dams."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for y in the equation 2y + 3 = 11?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 3 from both sides to get 2y = 8, then divide by 2 to find y = 4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the brainstem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The brainstem controls basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a debit card and a credit card.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A debit card withdraws money directly from your bank account, while a credit card allows you to borrow money up to a limit and pay it back later."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a bulleted list in HTML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<ul><li>Item 1</li><li>Item 2</li></ul>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the spinal cord?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body and coordinates reflexes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of nonrenewable resources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of nonrenewable resources are coal and natural gas."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the average speed?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Divide the total distance traveled by the total time taken: Average speed = distance / time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a conductor and an insulator?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A conductor allows electricity or heat to flow easily, while an insulator resists the flow of electricity or heat."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of osmosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a comment in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the '#' symbol before your comment, for example: # This is a comment"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the pituitary gland?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and other endocrine glands."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of renewable energy sources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of renewable energy sources are solar, wind, and geothermal energy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve the equation 5x = 25?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Divide both sides by 5 to find x = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the thyroid gland?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy, and growth."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a solid, liquid, and gas.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container, and gases have neither fixed shape nor volume."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a hyperlink in HTML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<a href="https://www.example.com">Link Text</a>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the lungs?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of simple machines.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of simple machines are the lever and the pulley."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a rectangle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the length by the width: Area = length × width."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A physical change alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing its composition, while a chemical change creates a new substance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of transpiration in plants.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transpiration is the process where water is absorbed by roots, moves through the plant, and evaporates from the leaves."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a switch statement in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "switch(expression) { case value1: // code break; case value2: // code break; default: // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the adrenal glands?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The adrenal glands produce hormones like adrenaline and cortisol that help regulate stress response, metabolism, and blood pressure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer software.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer software are operating systems, applications, and utilities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for z in the equation z + 8 = 15?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 8 from both sides to find z = 7."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the hypothalamus?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The hypothalamus regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and controls the pituitary gland."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a series and a parallel circuit.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end, so current flows through each in turn. In a parallel circuit, components are connected across the same voltage, so current can flow through multiple paths."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a numbered list in HTML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<ol><li>First item</li><li>Second item</li></ol>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the lymphatic system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The lymphatic system helps defend the body against infection and maintains fluid balance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of chemical bonds.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds and covalent bonds."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a parallelogram?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the base by the height: Area = base × height."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a planet and a star?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A planet orbits a star and does not produce its own light, while a star generates light and heat through nuclear fusion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of fermentation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fermentation is a metabolic process where organisms convert sugars into energy, producing alcohol or acids as byproducts, often in the absence of oxygen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a class in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'class' keyword, for example: class Dog: def init(self, name): self.name = name"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the spleen?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The spleen filters blood, recycles old red blood cells, and helps fight infection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer input devices.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer input devices are keyboard, mouse, and scanner."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve the equation 4y - 6 = 10?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 6 to both sides to get 4y = 16, then divide by 4 to find y = 4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the gallbladder?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The gallbladder stores and releases bile to help digest fats."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable resource.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A renewable resource can be replenished naturally over time, while a nonrenewable resource is finite and will eventually be depleted."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a table in HTML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<table><tr><th>Header</th></tr><tr><td>Data</td></tr></table>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the endocrine system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The endocrine system produces hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and other body functions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer output devices.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer output devices are monitors and printers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a trapezoid?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add the lengths of the two parallel sides, multiply by the height, and divide by two: Area = (a + b) × h / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a unicellular and multicellular organism?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A unicellular organism consists of a single cell, while a multicellular organism is made up of many cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of pollination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, enabling fertilization and seed production."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a for-each loop in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for (Type item : collection) { // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the excretory system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The excretory system removes waste products from the body and maintains water and salt balance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer memory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer memory are RAM, ROM, and cache."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for a in the equation 3a + 7 = 16?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 7 from both sides to get 3a = 9, then divide by 3 to find a = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the reproductive system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The reproductive system enables organisms to produce offspring and pass on genetic material."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A hypothesis is a testable prediction, while a theory is a well-supported explanation based on evidence."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a comment in HTML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "<!-- This is a comment -->"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the muscular system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The muscular system enables movement, maintains posture, and produces heat."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer monitors.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer monitors are LCD and LED monitors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a triangle given its base and height?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the base by the height and divide by two: Area = (base × height) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a vertebrate and an invertebrate?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Vertebrates have a backbone, while invertebrates do not."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of germination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Germination is the process where a seed absorbs water, swells, and begins to grow into a new plant."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function greet(name) { console.log('Hello, ' + name); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the integumentary system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, protects the body and helps regulate temperature."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer viruses.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer viruses are file infectors, macro viruses, and boot sector viruses."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve the equation 2x - 4 = 10?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 4 to both sides to get 2x = 14, then divide by 2 to find x = 7."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the sensory organs?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sensory organs detect stimuli from the environment and send information to the brain."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a mixture and a solution.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A mixture is a combination of substances that can be separated, while a solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance dissolves in another."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a variable in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Assign a value to a name, for example: age = 25"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the reproductive organs in plants?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The reproductive organs in plants, such as flowers, produce seeds for reproduction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer operating systems.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer operating systems are Windows and macOS."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a circle given its radius?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply pi (π) by the square of the radius: Area = π × r²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a herbivore and a carnivore?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A herbivore eats only plants, while a carnivore eats only other animals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Photosynthesis is the process where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a for loop in C?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%d\n", i); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the circulatory system in animals?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer storage media.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer storage media are hard drives, USB flash drives, and DVDs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for b in the equation b/3 = 9?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply both sides by 3 to find b = 27."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cell membrane?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a producer and a consumer in an ecosystem.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Producers make their own food, usually through photosynthesis, while consumers eat other organisms for energy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a string variable in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "String name = "Alice";"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the mitochondria in animal cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitochondria generate energy for the cell by converting glucose and oxygen into ATP."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer printers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer printers are inkjet and laser printers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a square?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the length of one side by itself: Area = side × side."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a unicellular and a multicellular organism?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A unicellular organism is made of one cell, while a multicellular organism is made of many cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of cellular respiration in animals.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cellular respiration in animals is the process of breaking down glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a conditional statement in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "if x > 10: print('x is greater than 10')"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell activities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer networks.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer networks are LAN, WAN, and MAN."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for c in the equation c + 12 = 20?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 12 from both sides to find c = 8."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the chloroplast in plant cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a food chain and a food web.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A food chain shows a single path of energy flow, while a food web shows multiple interconnected food chains."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a list in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use square brackets, for example: my_list = [1, 2, 3]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products and helps maintain cell structure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer cables.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer cables are USB cables and HDMI cables."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a parallelogram given its base and height?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the base by the height: Area = base × height."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a primary and a secondary consumer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A primary consumer eats producers, while a secondary consumer eats primary consumers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of digestion in humans.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Digestion in humans involves breaking down food in the mouth, stomach, and intestines so nutrients can be absorbed into the bloodstream."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function in C?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer hardware.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer hardware are the CPU, motherboard, and RAM."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for d in the equation 2d + 5 = 15?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 5 from both sides to get 2d = 10, then divide by 2 to find d = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins and lipids and transports them within the cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a renewable and a nonrenewable energy source.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A renewable energy source can be replenished naturally, while a nonrenewable energy source is finite and will eventually run out."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a dictionary in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use curly braces with key-value pairs, for example: my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cytoplasm in a cell?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and holds organelles in place."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer mice.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer mice are optical mice and trackball mice."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a trapezoid given its bases and height?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add the lengths of the two bases, multiply by the height, and divide by two: Area = (base1 + base2) × height / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have both."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of meiosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four genetically unique gametes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a for loop in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { System.out.println(i); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the nucleolus?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The nucleolus produces ribosomes inside the nucleus."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer ports.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer ports are USB, HDMI, and Ethernet ports."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for e in the equation e/2 = 6?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply both sides by 2 to find e = 12."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cell wall provides structure, support, and protection to plant cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Autotrophs make their own food, usually through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain food by consuming other organisms."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a set in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use curly braces or the set() function, for example: my_set = {1, 2, 3}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the lysosome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer keyboards.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer keyboards are mechanical keyboards and membrane keyboards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of an ellipse?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply pi (π) by the lengths of the semi-major and semi-minor axes: Area = π × a × b."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive trait?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A dominant trait is expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while a recessive trait is only expressed when both alleles are recessive."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of mitosis in animal cells.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitosis in animal cells involves the division of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a while loop in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "while (condition) { // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the centrosome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The centrosome organizes microtubules and helps in cell division."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer expansion cards.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer expansion cards are graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for f in the equation 3f + 9 = 18?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 9 from both sides to get 3f = 9, then divide by 3 to find f = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the peroxisome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Peroxisomes break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances in the cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a genotype and a phenotype.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, while a phenotype is the observable traits or characteristics."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a tuple in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use parentheses, for example: my_tuple = (1, 2, 3)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes and transports proteins, and is studded with ribosomes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer speakers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer speakers are desktop speakers and soundbars."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a sector of a circle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply pi (π) by the square of the radius and the central angle (in degrees) divided by 360: Area = π × r² × (θ/360)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a gene and a chromosome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait, while a chromosome is a structure made of DNA that contains many genes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of binary fission.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a do-while loop in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "do { // code } while (condition);"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer displays.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer displays are LCD, LED, and OLED screens."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for g in the equation g - 7 = 10?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 7 to both sides to find g = 17."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cell membrane in animal cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell and provides protection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A dominant allele expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, while a recessive allele requires two copies to be expressed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a 2D list in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use nested lists, for example: matrix = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of ribosomes?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer webcams.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer webcams are built-in webcams and external USB webcams."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a rhombus?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the lengths of the diagonals and divide by two: Area = (d1 × d2) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A monohybrid cross examines one trait, while a dihybrid cross examines two traits simultaneously."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of budding in yeast.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Budding in yeast is a form of asexual reproduction where a new cell grows from the surface of the parent cell and eventually detaches."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a for loop in C++?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { cout << i << endl; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cytoskeleton?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cytoskeleton provides structural support, helps maintain cell shape, and assists in cell movement."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer processors.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer processors are Intel Core, AMD Ryzen, and Apple M1."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for h in the equation 2h + 4 = 12?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 4 from both sides to get 2h = 8, then divide by 2 to find h = 4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the plasma membrane?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The plasma membrane regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitosis produces two identical cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces four genetically unique gametes for reproduction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a nested list in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use lists within lists, for example: nested = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The central vacuole stores water and nutrients and helps maintain turgor pressure in plant cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer scanners.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer scanners are flatbed scanners and sheet-fed scanners."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a polygon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Divide the polygon into triangles, calculate each area, and sum them, or use the shoelace formula for coordinates."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a homozygous and a heterozygous genotype?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A homozygous genotype has two identical alleles for a trait, while a heterozygous genotype has two different alleles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of spore formation in fungi.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Spore formation in fungi involves producing spores, which are released and can grow into new individuals under favorable conditions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function in C++?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the nuclear envelope?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus and controls the movement of materials in and out."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer motherboards.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer motherboards are ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for i in the equation i/4 = 5?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply both sides by 4 to find i = 20."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the cell wall in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cell wall provides structural support and protection to bacterial cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a phenotype and a genotype.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A phenotype is the observable traits of an organism, while a genotype is its genetic makeup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a list comprehension in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use brackets with an expression and a for clause, for example: squares = [xx for x in range(5)]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The capsule protects bacteria from desiccation and helps evade the host's immune system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer power supplies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer power supplies are ATX power supplies and SFX power supplies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular hexagon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (3√3 / 2) × side²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between an allele and a gene?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a trait, while an allele is a variant form of a gene."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of conjugation in bacteria.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Conjugation in bacteria is the transfer of genetic material between cells through direct contact, often via a pilus."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a switch statement in C?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "switch (variable) { case value1: // code break; case value2: // code break; default: // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The flagellum enables bacterial movement by rotating like a propeller."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer cases.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer cases are tower, mini-tower, and small form factor cases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for j in the equation 5j - 10 = 15?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 10 to both sides to get 5j = 25, then divide by 5 to find j = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the pili in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Pili help bacteria attach to surfaces and can be involved in the transfer of genetic material."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a plasmid and chromosomal DNA in bacteria.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules separate from chromosomal DNA and often carry extra genes, while chromosomal DNA contains the main genetic information."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a lambda function in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'lambda' keyword, for example: add = lambda x, y: x + y"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the nucleoid in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The nucleoid contains the bacterial cell's genetic material."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer cooling systems.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer cooling systems are air cooling and liquid cooling."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular pentagon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (5/4) × side² × cot(π/5)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a virus and a bacterium?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A virus is a non-living infectious agent that requires a host cell to reproduce, while a bacterium is a living, single-celled organism."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Binary fission in bacteria is a process where the cell duplicates its DNA and divides into two identical daughter cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a try-except block in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "try: # code except Exception as e: # handle error"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the endospore in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Endospores allow bacteria to survive harsh conditions by forming a tough, protective shell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer storage devices.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer storage devices are SSDs, HDDs, and optical drives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for k in the equation k + 9 = 18?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 9 from both sides to find k = 9."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the mesosome in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The mesosome is involved in cellular respiration and DNA replication in bacteria."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce energy, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a generator in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a function with the 'yield' keyword, for example: def gen(): yield 1"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the capsule in bacterial cells?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The capsule protects bacteria from the immune system and helps them adhere to surfaces."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graphics cards.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graphics cards are integrated graphics and dedicated graphics cards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular octagon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = 2 × (1 + √2) × side²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a lytic and a lysogenic viral cycle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In the lytic cycle, the virus replicates and destroys the host cell. In the lysogenic cycle, the viral DNA integrates into the host genome and replicates with it."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of viral replication.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Viral replication involves the virus attaching to a host cell, injecting its genetic material, hijacking the cell's machinery to produce new viruses, and releasing them."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a list comprehension in Python to square numbers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the viral envelope?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The viral envelope helps the virus enter host cells and evade the immune system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer network topologies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer network topologies are star, bus, and ring."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for m in the equation 2m - 8 = 12?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 8 to both sides to get 2m = 20, then divide by 2 to find m = 10."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of the viral capsid?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The viral capsid protects the viral genetic material and aids in infecting host cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between DNA and RNA.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information, while RNA is single-stranded and helps in protein synthesis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a class in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public class Dog { String name; Dog(String name) { this.name = name; } }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer network cables.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer network cables are Ethernet cables and fiber optic cables."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular dodecagon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = 3 × (2 + √3) × side²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between transcription and translation in biology?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transcription is the process of making RNA from DNA, while translation is the process of making proteins from RNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of protein synthesis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Protein synthesis involves transcription of DNA to mRNA, which is then translated by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a constructor in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the init method inside a class, for example: class Dog: def init(self, name): self.name = name"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer file systems.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer file systems are NTFS, FAT32, and ext4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for n in the equation n/5 = 7?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply both sides by 5 to find n = 35."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "rRNA forms the core of the ribosome and helps catalyze protein synthesis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between exons and introns.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Exons are coding regions of a gene that are expressed, while introns are non-coding regions that are removed during RNA processing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a static method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'static' keyword, for example: public static void greet() { System.out.println("Hello"); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of DNA polymerase?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands during DNA replication."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer backup methods.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer backup methods are full backup and incremental backup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular triangle given its side length?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (√3 / 4) × side²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a point mutation and a frameshift mutation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A point mutation changes a single nucleotide, while a frameshift mutation adds or removes nucleotides, altering the reading frame."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of DNA replication.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA replication is the process where the DNA molecule unwinds and each strand serves as a template for a new complementary strand."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a getter method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public String getName() { return name; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of RNA polymerase?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer security threats.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer security threats are viruses, phishing, and ransomware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for p in the equation 4p + 8 = 20?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 8 from both sides to get 4p = 12, then divide by 4 to find p = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a promoter in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A promoter is a DNA sequence that initiates transcription of a gene."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a codon and an anticodon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid, while an anticodon is a complementary sequence on tRNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create an interface in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'interface' keyword, for example: public interface Animal { void eat(); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a repressor protein?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A repressor protein binds to DNA and inhibits gene transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer firewalls.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer firewalls are hardware firewalls and software firewalls."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a parallelogram given its sides and angle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = ab sin(θ), where a and b are sides and θ is the included angle."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between an operon and a regulon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An operon is a group of genes regulated together, while a regulon is a collection of genes or operons controlled by the same regulatory protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene expression.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene expression involves transcribing DNA into RNA and translating RNA into proteins."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a setter method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of an enhancer in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An enhancer is a DNA sequence that increases the transcription of a gene."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer malware.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer malware are trojans, worms, and spyware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for q in the equation q/2 + 3 = 7?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 3 from both sides to get q/2 = 4, then multiply by 2 to find q = 8."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a transcription factor?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A transcription factor is a protein that regulates gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between an exon and an intron.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An exon is a coding region of a gene, while an intron is a non-coding region that is removed during RNA processing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create an abstract class in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'abstract' keyword, for example: public abstract class Animal { abstract void makeSound(); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a silencer in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A silencer is a DNA sequence that represses the transcription of a gene."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer authentication methods.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer authentication methods are password authentication and biometric authentication."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (1/2) × perimeter × apothem."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a missense and a nonsense mutation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A missense mutation changes one amino acid in a protein, while a nonsense mutation creates a premature stop codon."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of alternative splicing.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Alternative splicing is the process where different combinations of exons are joined to produce multiple mRNA variants from one gene."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a main method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public static void main(String[] args) { // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a ribozyme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A ribozyme is an RNA molecule that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer encryption algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer encryption algorithms are AES, RSA, and DES."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for r in the equation 3r + 6 = 21?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 6 from both sides to get 3r = 15, then divide by 3 to find r = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a spliceosome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A spliceosome removes introns from pre-mRNA during RNA processing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A promoter initiates transcription, while an enhancer increases the rate of transcription from a distance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a package in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'package' keyword at the top of your file, for example: package mypackage;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a microRNA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "MicroRNAs regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA and preventing translation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer network protocols.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer network protocols are TCP/IP and HTTP."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a silent and a missense mutation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A silent mutation does not change the amino acid sequence, while a missense mutation changes one amino acid."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene regulation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene regulation involves controlling the timing, location, and amount of gene expression in a cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a static variable in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'static' keyword, for example: static int count = 0;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a transcription unit?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A transcription unit is a segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer network devices.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer network devices are routers, switches, and hubs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for s in the equation 2s - 4 = 10?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 4 to both sides to get 2s = 14, then divide by 2 to find s = 7."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a terminator in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A terminator is a DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between an operator and an operand in programming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An operator performs an action, such as addition, while an operand is the value the operator acts on."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a thread in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Extend the Thread class or implement the Runnable interface, then start the thread with the start() method."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a start codon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A start codon signals the beginning of translation and codes for the first amino acid in a protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer network topologies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer network topologies are mesh and tree."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its apothem and perimeter?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the apothem by the perimeter and divide by two: Area = (apothem × perimeter) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a stack and a queue in programming?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A stack is a last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structure, while a queue is a first-in, first-out (FIFO) data structure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of translation in protein synthesis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Translation is the process where ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into a protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a synchronized method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the 'synchronized' keyword, for example: public synchronized void increment() { count++; }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a stop codon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A stop codon signals the end of translation, causing the ribosome to release the finished protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer programming paradigms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer programming paradigms are procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for t in the equation t/3 + 2 = 6?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 2 from both sides to get t/3 = 4, then multiply by 3 to find t = 12."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a poly-A tail in mRNA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The poly-A tail protects mRNA from degradation and aids in export from the nucleus."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a class and an object in programming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A class is a blueprint for creating objects, while an object is an instance of a class."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create an array in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int[] numbers = new int[5];"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a signal peptide?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A signal peptide directs the transport of a protein to specific locations in the cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer network architectures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer network architectures are client-server and peer-to-peer."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its radius and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × r² × sin(2π/n)) / 2, where n is the number of sides and r is the radius."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a method and a function?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A method is a function associated with an object or class, while a function is a standalone block of code."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of mRNA splicing.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "mRNA splicing removes introns from pre-mRNA and joins exons to form mature mRNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a generic method in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public <T> void printArray(T[] array) { for (T item : array) { System.out.println(item); } }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a Shine-Dalgarno sequence?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Shine-Dalgarno sequence helps align the ribosome with the start codon in prokaryotic mRNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer programming languages.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer programming languages are Python, Java, and C++."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for u in the equation 3u + 6 = 15?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 6 from both sides to get 3u = 9, then divide by 3 to find u = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a Kozak sequence?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Kozak sequence helps initiate translation in eukaryotic mRNA by guiding the ribosome to the start codon."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a static and a dynamic array.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A static array has a fixed size, while a dynamic array can grow or shrink during runtime."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a hashmap in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a polycistronic mRNA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A polycistronic mRNA encodes multiple proteins, typically found in prokaryotes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer network models.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer network models are the OSI model and the TCP/IP model."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and apothem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the perimeter by the apothem and divide by two: Area = (perimeter × apothem) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a linked list and an array?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An array stores elements in contiguous memory, while a linked list stores elements as nodes connected by pointers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of reverse transcription.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Reverse transcription is the process where RNA is converted into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a recursive function in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def factorial(n): return 1 if n == 0 else n * factorial(n-1)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a ribosome binding site?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A ribosome binding site is a sequence on mRNA where the ribosome attaches to start translation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer data structures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer data structures are arrays, linked lists, and trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for v in the equation v - 5 = 20?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 5 to both sides to find v = 25."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a reading frame in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A reading frame determines how nucleotides are grouped into codons for translation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a stack and a heap in memory management.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The stack is used for static memory allocation and function calls, while the heap is used for dynamic memory allocation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a priority queue in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a leader sequence in mRNA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A leader sequence is a non-coding region at the 5' end of mRNA that helps regulate translation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer search algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer search algorithms are binary search and linear search."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its number of sides and circumradius?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n/2) × r² × sin(2π/n), where n is the number of sides and r is the circumradius."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a binary tree and a binary search tree?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A binary tree is a tree with at most two children per node, while a binary search tree has the left child less than the parent and the right child greater."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of DNA transcription.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA transcription is the process where RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a try-catch block in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "try { // code } catch (Exception e) { // handle exception }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a polyadenylation signal?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A polyadenylation signal directs the addition of a poly-A tail to mRNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer sorting algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer sorting algorithms are bubble sort, quicksort, and merge sort."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for w in the equation 2w + 6 = 18?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 6 from both sides to get 2w = 12, then divide by 2 to find w = 6."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a TATA box?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The TATA box is a DNA sequence that helps position RNA polymerase during transcription initiation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a depth-first and a breadth-first search.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Depth-first search explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking, while breadth-first search explores all neighbors at each level before moving deeper."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a stack in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a sigma factor in bacteria?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A sigma factor helps RNA polymerase recognize promoter regions to initiate transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer hashing algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer hashing algorithms are SHA-256 and MD5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and apothem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the perimeter by the apothem and divide by two: Area = (perimeter × apothem) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a hash table and a hash map?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A hash table is a data structure for key-value pairs, while a hash map is a specific implementation, often in programming languages like Java."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of DNA translation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA translation is the process where mRNA is decoded by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a protein."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a synchronized block in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "synchronized(this) { // code }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a repressor in the lac operon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The repressor binds to the operator and prevents transcription of the lac operon genes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph algorithms are Dijkstra's algorithm, Kruskal's algorithm, and Prim's algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for x in the equation 7x - 14 = 0?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 14 to both sides to get 7x = 14, then divide by 7 to find x = 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of an operator in the lac operon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The operator is a DNA sequence where the repressor binds to regulate gene expression."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a directed and an undirected graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A directed graph has edges with direction, while an undirected graph has edges without direction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a queue in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of an inducer in gene regulation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An inducer binds to a repressor, inactivating it and allowing gene transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer tree data structures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer tree data structures are binary trees and AVL trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its number of sides and side length?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a minimum spanning tree and a shortest path tree?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A minimum spanning tree connects all vertices with the minimum total edge weight, while a shortest path tree shows the shortest paths from a source to all other vertices."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene induction.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene induction is the activation of gene expression in response to a specific stimulus."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a comparator in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Comparator<Integer> comp = (a, b) -> a - b;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a corepressor in gene regulation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A corepressor binds to a repressor protein, enabling it to inhibit gene transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer search trees.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer search trees are binary search trees, red-black trees, and B-trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for y in the equation 6y + 12 = 30?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 12 from both sides to get 6y = 18, then divide by 6 to find y = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of an activator in gene regulation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An activator is a protein that increases gene transcription by binding to DNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a greedy algorithm and a dynamic programming algorithm.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A greedy algorithm makes the locally optimal choice at each step, while dynamic programming solves subproblems and combines their solutions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a binary search tree in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Define a Node class and insert values so that left children are less and right children are greater than the parent."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a response element in genetics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A response element is a DNA sequence that binds regulatory proteins to control gene expression."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer balanced trees.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer balanced trees are AVL trees and red-black trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its perimeter and apothem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the perimeter by the apothem and divide by two: Area = (perimeter × apothem) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a hash set and a hash map?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A hash set stores unique values, while a hash map stores key-value pairs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene repression.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene repression is the inhibition of gene expression, often by repressor proteins binding to DNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a lambda expression in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "(int x, int y) -> x + y"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a DNA binding domain?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A DNA binding domain allows a protein to attach to specific DNA sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph representations.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph representations are adjacency matrix, adjacency list, and edge list."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for z in the equation 8z - 16 = 32?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 16 to both sides to get 8z = 48, then divide by 8 to find z = 6."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a helix-turn-helix motif?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A helix-turn-helix motif is a protein structure that binds to DNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a depth-first search and a breadth-first search.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Depth-first search explores one branch fully before backtracking, while breadth-first search explores all nodes at the current depth before moving deeper."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create an adjacency list in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a Map with nodes as keys and lists of neighbors as values, for example: Map<Integer, List<Integer>> adjList = new HashMap<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a zinc finger domain?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A zinc finger domain is a protein structure that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer spanning tree algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer spanning tree algorithms are Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a directed acyclic graph and a cyclic graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A directed acyclic graph has no cycles, while a cyclic graph contains at least one cycle."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene silencing.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene silencing is the process of turning off gene expression, often through RNA interference or DNA methylation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a breadth-first search in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a queue to visit nodes level by level, for example: from collections import deque; queue = deque([start]); while queue: node = queue.popleft()"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a leucine zipper domain?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A leucine zipper domain allows proteins to dimerize and bind to DNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer tree traversal methods.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer tree traversal methods are preorder, inorder, and postorder traversal."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for a in the equation 9a + 18 = 45?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 18 from both sides to get 9a = 27, then divide by 9 to find a = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a homeodomain?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A homeodomain is a protein domain that binds DNA and regulates gene expression during development."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between preorder and postorder tree traversal.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Preorder visits the root before its subtrees, while postorder visits the root after its subtrees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a binary heap in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the PriorityQueue class, for example: PriorityQueue<Integer> heap = new PriorityQueue<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a TATA-binding protein?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A TATA-binding protein binds to the TATA box and helps initiate transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer minimum spanning tree algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer minimum spanning tree algorithms are Prim's algorithm and Kruskal's algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and apothem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the perimeter by the apothem and divide by two: Area = (perimeter × apothem) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a complete binary tree and a full binary tree?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A complete binary tree has all levels filled except possibly the last, while a full binary tree has every node with 0 or 2 children."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene amplification.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene amplification is the process of increasing the number of copies of a gene in a cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write an inorder tree traversal in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def inorder(node): if node: inorder(node.left); print(node.value); inorder(node.right)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a DNA methyltransferase?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA methyltransferase adds methyl groups to DNA, affecting gene expression."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer hash functions.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer hash functions are MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-256."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for b in the equation 10b - 20 = 30?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 20 to both sides to get 10b = 50, then divide by 10 to find b = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a CpG island?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A CpG island is a DNA region rich in CG sequences, often associated with gene promoters and regulation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a hash function and a cryptographic hash function.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A hash function maps data to a fixed size, while a cryptographic hash function is designed to be secure and resistant to collisions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a hash set in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a histone protein?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Histone proteins package and organize DNA into structural units called nucleosomes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer collision resolution techniques.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer collision resolution techniques are chaining and open addressing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its number of sides and apothem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiply the perimeter by the apothem and divide by two: Area = (perimeter × apothem) / 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a nucleosome and a chromatosome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A nucleosome is DNA wrapped around histone proteins, while a chromatosome includes the nucleosome plus a linker histone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of chromatin remodeling.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin structure to regulate access to DNA for transcription."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a postorder tree traversal in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def postorder(node): if node: postorder(node.left); postorder(node.right); print(node.value)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a chromatin remodeling complex?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A chromatin remodeling complex alters chromatin structure to regulate gene expression."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer tree data structures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer tree data structures are binary trees, B-trees, and trie trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for c in the equation 12c + 24 = 60?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 24 from both sides to get 12c = 36, then divide by 12 to find c = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a telomere?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A telomere protects the ends of chromosomes from deterioration and fusion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between euchromatin and heterochromatin.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Euchromatin is loosely packed and transcriptionally active, while heterochromatin is tightly packed and transcriptionally inactive."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a trie in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Define a TrieNode class with children as a dictionary and implement insert and search methods."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a centromere?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A centromere is the region of a chromosome where sister chromatids are joined and spindle fibers attach during cell division."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer balanced search trees.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer balanced search trees are AVL trees and red-black trees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a kinetochore and a centromere?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A centromere is a chromosome region, while a kinetochore is a protein complex assembled on the centromere for spindle attachment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of chromosome segregation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chromosome segregation is the separation of duplicated chromosomes into daughter cells during cell division."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a level-order tree traversal in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a queue to visit nodes level by level, for example: from collections import deque; queue = deque([root]); while queue: node = queue.popleft()"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a spindle fiber?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Spindle fibers help separate chromosomes during cell division."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph traversal algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph traversal algorithms are depth-first search, breadth-first search, and Dijkstra's algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for d in the equation 15d - 30 = 45?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 30 to both sides to get 15d = 75, then divide by 15 to find d = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a cohesin protein?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cohesin proteins hold sister chromatids together until they are separated during cell division."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between mitotic and meiotic cell division.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitotic cell division produces two identical cells, while meiotic cell division produces four genetically unique gametes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph using an adjacency matrix in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a 2D list where matrix[i][j] indicates the presence of an edge between nodes i and j."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a synaptonemal complex?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The synaptonemal complex holds homologous chromosomes together during meiosis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph representations.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph representations are adjacency matrix and adjacency list."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between crossing over and independent assortment?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Crossing over exchanges genetic material between homologous chromosomes, while independent assortment is the random distribution of chromosomes to gametes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of genetic recombination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Genetic recombination is the exchange of genetic material between chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a depth-first search in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def dfs(node, visited): if node not in visited: visited.add(node); for neighbor in graph[node]: dfs(neighbor, visited)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a chiasma?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A chiasma is the site where crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes during meiosis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph data structures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph data structures are adjacency matrix, adjacency list, and edge list."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for e in the equation 18e + 36 = 90?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 36 from both sides to get 18e = 54, then divide by 18 to find e = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a recombinase enzyme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A recombinase enzyme catalyzes the exchange of DNA strands during recombination."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between homologous and non-homologous recombination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Homologous recombination exchanges DNA between similar sequences, while non-homologous recombination joins unrelated DNA sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a weighted graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a dictionary with nodes as keys and lists of (neighbor, weight) tuples as values."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a Holliday junction?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A Holliday junction is a cross-shaped structure that forms during homologous recombination."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph search algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph search algorithms are depth-first search and breadth-first search."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a simple and a complex trait?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A simple trait is controlled by one gene, while a complex trait is influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of gene conversion.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gene conversion is a process where one DNA sequence replaces a similar sequence, making them identical."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write Dijkstra's algorithm in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a priority queue to repeatedly select the node with the smallest distance and update neighbors' distances."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a transposase enzyme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A transposase enzyme moves DNA segments (transposons) within the genome."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer shortest path algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer shortest path algorithms are Dijkstra's, Bellman-Ford, and A."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for f in the equation 20f - 40 = 60?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 40 to both sides to get 20f = 100, then divide by 20 to find f = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a retrotransposon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A retrotransposon is a genetic element that moves by copying itself through an RNA intermediate."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a transposon and a retrotransposon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A transposon moves directly as DNA, while a retrotransposon moves via an RNA intermediate."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a directed graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a dictionary where each key is a node and the value is a list of nodes it points to."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a LINE element in the genome?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A LINE element is a type of retrotransposon that can copy and insert itself into new locations in the genome."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph cycles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph cycles are simple cycles and Hamiltonian cycles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a palindrome and an inverted repeat in DNA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A palindrome reads the same forward and backward, while an inverted repeat is a sequence followed by its reverse complement."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of site-specific recombination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Site-specific recombination is the exchange of DNA at specific sequences, often mediated by specialized enzymes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a topological sort in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use depth-first search to order nodes so that each node comes before its dependents."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a recombination hotspot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A recombination hotspot is a region in the genome where recombination occurs more frequently."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph cycles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph cycles are simple cycles, Eulerian cycles, and Hamiltonian cycles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for g in the equation 25g + 50 = 125?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 50 from both sides to get 25g = 75, then divide by 25 to find g = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a DNA ligase enzyme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA ligase joins DNA fragments by forming phosphodiester bonds."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a sticky end and a blunt end in DNA.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A sticky end has overhanging single-stranded DNA, while a blunt end has no overhangs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a minimum spanning tree in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use Kruskal's or Prim's algorithm to connect all nodes with the minimum total edge weight."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a restriction enzyme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A restriction enzyme cuts DNA at specific sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph connectivity.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph connectivity are strong connectivity and weak connectivity."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a connected and a disconnected graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A connected graph has a path between every pair of nodes, while a disconnected graph does not."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of DNA cloning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA cloning involves inserting a DNA fragment into a vector, introducing it into a host cell, and replicating it to produce many copies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a union-find data structure in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a parent array and implement find and union functions to manage disjoint sets."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a vector in molecular biology?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A vector is a DNA molecule used to carry foreign genetic material into a host cell."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph traversal orders.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph traversal orders are preorder, postorder, and level-order."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for h in the equation 30h - 60 = 90?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 60 to both sides to get 30h = 150, then divide by 30 to find h = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a plasmid vector?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A plasmid vector is used to transfer and replicate foreign DNA in bacteria."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a genomic library and a cDNA library.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A genomic library contains DNA fragments representing the entire genome, while a cDNA library contains only expressed genes as complementary DNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a directed acyclic graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a dictionary to represent nodes and their directed edges, ensuring no cycles are formed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a selectable marker in cloning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A selectable marker allows identification of cells that have taken up the vector, usually by conferring antibiotic resistance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph edge weights.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph edge weights are positive weights and negative weights."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a weighted and an unweighted graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A weighted graph assigns values to edges, while an unweighted graph treats all edges equally."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of PCR (polymerase chain reaction).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "PCR amplifies DNA by repeated cycles of denaturation, annealing of primers, and extension by DNA polymerase."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a breadth-first search in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a queue to visit nodes level by level, for example: Queue<Node> queue = new LinkedList<>();"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a DNA polymerase in PCR?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands during each cycle of PCR."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph edge types.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph edge types are directed edges, undirected edges, and weighted edges."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for i in the equation 35i + 70 = 140?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 70 from both sides to get 35i = 70, then divide by 35 to find i = 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a primer in PCR?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A primer is a short DNA sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis in PCR."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a forward and a reverse primer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A forward primer binds to the 3' end of the template strand, while a reverse primer binds to the 3' end of the complementary strand."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph using NetworkX in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Import networkx and use G = nx.Graph(); G.add_edge(node1, node2)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A DNA ladder is a set of known DNA fragments used as a size reference during gel electrophoresis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph traversal orders.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph traversal orders are depth-first and breadth-first."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between agarose and polyacrylamide gels?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Agarose gels are used for larger DNA fragments, while polyacrylamide gels are used for smaller fragments and higher resolution."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of Southern blotting.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Southern blotting transfers DNA fragments from a gel to a membrane, which is then probed to detect specific sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a depth-first search in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use recursion or a stack to visit nodes, for example: void dfs(Node node) { if (node == null) return; for (Node n : node.neighbors) dfs(n); }"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a probe in molecular biology?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A probe is a labeled DNA or RNA sequence used to detect complementary sequences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph algorithms are shortest path, minimum spanning tree, and topological sort."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for j in the equation 40j - 80 = 120?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 80 to both sides to get 40j = 200, then divide by 40 to find j = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a northern blot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A northern blot detects specific RNA sequences in a sample."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a southern and a northern blot.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A southern blot detects DNA, while a northern blot detects RNA."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a weighted directed graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use a dictionary with nodes as keys and lists of (neighbor, weight) tuples as values."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a western blot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A western blot detects specific proteins in a sample."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph search strategies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph search strategies are depth-first search and breadth-first search."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a protein and a polypeptide?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids, while a protein is a functional molecule that may consist of one or more polypeptides."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of immunoblotting.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Immunoblotting involves transferring proteins to a membrane and using antibodies to detect specific proteins."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a topological sort in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use depth-first search to order nodes, adding each node to a stack after visiting its neighbors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of an antibody in immunoblotting?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An antibody binds to a specific protein, allowing its detection on a membrane."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph cycles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph cycles are simple cycles, Eulerian cycles, and Hamiltonian cycles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for k in the equation 45k + 90 = 225?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 90 from both sides to get 45k = 135, then divide by 45 to find k = 3."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a secondary antibody in western blotting?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A secondary antibody binds to the primary antibody and is often labeled for detection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Monoclonal antibodies are identical and bind to one epitope, while polyclonal antibodies are a mixture and bind to multiple epitopes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a bipartite graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use two sets of nodes and connect edges only between sets, not within a set."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a blocking agent in western blotting?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A blocking agent prevents non-specific binding of antibodies to the membrane."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph coloring algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph coloring algorithms are greedy coloring and backtracking coloring."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a planar and a non-planar graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A planar graph can be drawn without edges crossing, while a non-planar graph cannot."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of ELISA.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "ELISA is an assay that uses antibodies and color change to detect the presence of a substance, such as a protein or hormone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a greedy coloring algorithm in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Assign the lowest possible color to each node, ensuring no adjacent nodes share the same color."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a substrate in ELISA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A substrate reacts with an enzyme to produce a detectable signal, such as a color change."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph matching algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph matching algorithms are the Hungarian algorithm, Hopcroft-Karp algorithm, and greedy matching."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for l in the equation 50l - 100 = 150?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 100 to both sides to get 50l = 250, then divide by 50 to find l = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a capture antibody in a sandwich ELISA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A capture antibody binds to the target antigen and anchors it to the plate."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between direct and indirect ELISA.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Direct ELISA uses a labeled primary antibody, while indirect ELISA uses an unlabeled primary antibody and a labeled secondary antibody."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a complete graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Connect every pair of nodes with an edge, for example, using nested loops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a detection antibody in ELISA?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A detection antibody binds to the antigen and is labeled to produce a measurable signal."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph isomorphism algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph isomorphism algorithms are the VF2 algorithm and the Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a clique and an independent set in a graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A clique is a subset of nodes where every pair is connected, while an independent set has no edges between its nodes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of flow cytometry.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Flow cytometry analyzes physical and chemical properties of cells as they flow in a fluid stream through a laser."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a maximum matching algorithm in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use augmenting paths or the Hopcroft-Karp algorithm to find the largest set of non-overlapping edges."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a fluorophore in flow cytometry?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A fluorophore emits light when excited by a laser, allowing detection of labeled cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph partitioning algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph partitioning algorithms are spectral partitioning, Kernighan-Lin, and multilevel partitioning."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for m in the equation 55m + 110 = 220?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 110 from both sides to get 55m = 110, then divide by 55 to find m = 2."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a gating strategy in flow cytometry?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A gating strategy selects specific cell populations for analysis based on their properties."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between forward and side scatter in flow cytometry.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Forward scatter measures cell size, while side scatter measures cell granularity or complexity."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a random graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the random module to add edges between nodes with a certain probability."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a compensation control in flow cytometry?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Compensation control corrects for overlap between fluorescence channels."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph clustering algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph clustering algorithms are spectral clustering and community detection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between hierarchical and partitional clustering?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hierarchical clustering builds a tree of clusters, while partitional clustering divides data into non-overlapping groups."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of k-means clustering.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "K-means clustering partitions data into k clusters by assigning points to the nearest centroid and updating centroids iteratively."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a spectral clustering algorithm in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Compute the Laplacian matrix, find its eigenvectors, and apply k-means to the resulting features."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a silhouette score in clustering?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A silhouette score measures how similar an object is to its own cluster compared to other clusters."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph community detection algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph community detection algorithms are Girvan-Newman, Louvain, and label propagation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for n in the equation 60n - 120 = 180?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 120 to both sides to get 60n = 300, then divide by 60 to find n = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of modularity in community detection?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Modularity measures the strength of division of a network into communities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between overlapping and non-overlapping communities in graphs.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Overlapping communities allow nodes to belong to multiple groups, while non-overlapping communities assign each node to only one group."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph with weighted edges in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add edges with a weight attribute, for example: G.add_edge(node1, node2, weight=3)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a betweenness centrality measure?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Betweenness centrality quantifies how often a node appears on the shortest paths between other nodes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph centrality measures.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph centrality measures are degree centrality and closeness centrality."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between degree and eigenvector centrality?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Degree centrality counts connections, while eigenvector centrality considers both the number and quality of connections."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of calculating closeness centrality.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Closeness centrality is calculated as the reciprocal of the sum of the shortest path distances from a node to all other nodes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function to compute degree centrality in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "For each node, count the number of edges connected to it."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a PageRank algorithm?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "PageRank measures the importance of nodes in a graph based on the structure of incoming links."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph shortest path algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph shortest path algorithms are Dijkstra's, Bellman-Ford, and Floyd-Warshall."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for p in the equation 65p + 130 = 195?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 130 from both sides to get 65p = 65, then divide by 65 to find p = 1."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a random walk in graph analysis?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A random walk is used to explore the structure of a graph by moving from node to node at random."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a simple path and a cycle in a graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A simple path does not repeat nodes, while a cycle starts and ends at the same node and has at least one edge."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a directed weighted graph in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use nx.DiGraph() and add edges with a weight attribute."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a Laplacian matrix in spectral graph theory?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Laplacian matrix is used to analyze graph properties, such as connectivity and clustering."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph spectral algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph spectral algorithms are spectral clustering and spectral partitioning."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a cut vertex and a bridge in a graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A cut vertex disconnects the graph when removed, while a bridge is an edge whose removal increases the number of connected components."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of finding articulation points in a graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use depth-first search to identify nodes whose removal increases the number of connected components."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function to find bridges in a graph in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use depth-first search to find edges whose removal disconnects the graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a strongly connected component in a directed graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A strongly connected component is a subset of nodes where every node is reachable from every other node in the subset."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph connectivity algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph connectivity algorithms are connected components, strongly connected components, and biconnected components."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for q in the equation 70q - 140 = 210?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add 140 to both sides to get 70q = 350, then divide by 70 to find q = 5."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a biconnected component in a graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A biconnected component is a maximal subgraph where removing any single vertex does not disconnect the subgraph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a connected component and a strongly connected component.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A connected component is a set of nodes connected by paths in an undirected graph, while a strongly connected component is for directed graphs where every node is reachable from every other node."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph with self-loops in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add an edge from a node to itself, for example: G.add_edge(node, node)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a self-loop in a graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A self-loop connects a node to itself and can affect graph properties like degree."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph traversal strategies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph traversal strategies are depth-first and breadth-first search."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a multigraph and a simple graph?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A multigraph allows multiple edges between the same nodes, while a simple graph allows only one edge between any pair of nodes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of finding the diameter of a graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The diameter is the longest shortest path between any two nodes, found by computing all pairs shortest paths."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function to compute the clustering coefficient in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "For each node, divide the number of connections between its neighbors by the total possible connections."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph adjacency matrix?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An adjacency matrix represents which nodes are connected in a graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph representations.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph representations are adjacency matrix, adjacency list, and incidence matrix."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for r in the equation 75r + 150 = 225?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 150 from both sides to get 75r = 75, then divide by 75 to find r = 1."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph incidence matrix?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An incidence matrix shows the relationship between nodes and edges in a graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a sparse and a dense graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A sparse graph has few edges relative to the number of nodes, while a dense graph has many edges."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph with multiple edges in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use nx.MultiGraph() and add multiple edges between the same nodes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph Laplacian?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The graph Laplacian is used in spectral graph theory to study properties like connectivity and clustering."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph edge attributes.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph edge attributes are weight and label."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a directed and an undirected edge?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A directed edge has a direction from one node to another, while an undirected edge has no direction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of finding the girth of a graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The girth is the length of the shortest cycle in a graph, found by searching for cycles and recording the smallest length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function to compute the degree of a node in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Count the number of edges connected to the node."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph edge list?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An edge list stores all edges as pairs of nodes, representing the connections in a graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph edge representations.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph edge representations are edge list, adjacency matrix, and adjacency list."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for s in the equation 80s + 160 = 240?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 160 from both sides to get 80s = 80, then divide by 80 to find s = 1."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph degree sequence?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A degree sequence lists the degrees of all nodes in a graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a regular and an irregular graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A regular graph has all nodes with the same degree, while an irregular graph has nodes with different degrees."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph with labeled edges in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add edges with a label attribute, for example: G.add_edge(node1, node2, label='A')"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph automorphism?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A graph automorphism is a mapping of the graph onto itself that preserves its structure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph isomorphism tests.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph isomorphism tests are color refinement and canonical labeling."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a Hamiltonian path and a Hamiltonian cycle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A Hamiltonian path visits each node exactly once, while a Hamiltonian cycle is a path that starts and ends at the same node."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of finding Eulerian circuits in a graph.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An Eulerian circuit is a cycle that visits every edge exactly once. It exists if all nodes have even degree and the graph is connected."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a function to check if a graph is bipartite in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use BFS to color nodes with two colors and check for conflicts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph coloring algorithm?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A graph coloring algorithm assigns colors to nodes so that no two adjacent nodes share the same color."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of computer graph cycle detection algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three types of computer graph cycle detection algorithms are DFS-based, Union-Find, and back edge detection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you solve for t in the equation 85t + 170 = 255?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Subtract 170 from both sides to get 85t = 85, then divide by 85 to find t = 1."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph clique?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A clique is a subset of nodes where every pair is connected, representing a complete subgraph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a maximal and a maximum clique.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A maximal clique cannot be extended by adding more nodes, while a maximum clique is the largest possible clique in the graph."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a graph with weighted edges in NetworkX?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add edges with a weight attribute, for example: G.add_edge(node1, node2, weight=5)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a graph independent set?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An independent set is a group of nodes with no edges between them."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two types of computer graph matching algorithms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two types of computer graph matching algorithms are greedy matching and Hopcroft-Karp algorithm."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a regular polygon given its side length and number of sides?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the formula: Area = (n × s²) / (4 × tan(π/n)), where n is the number of sides and s is the side length."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major global events from 2010 to 2024.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Haiti earthquake; 2011: Arab Spring; 2012: London Olympics; 2014: Ebola outbreak in West Africa; 2016: Brexit referendum; 2018: Thai cave rescue; 2020: COVID-19 pandemic begins; 2021: Tokyo Olympics (held after delay); 2022: Russia invades Ukraine; 2023: James Webb Space Telescope releases first images; 2024: Paris hosts the Summer Olympics."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key technological advancements from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: USB flash drives become popular; 2004: Facebook launches; 2007: First iPhone released; 2010: Introduction of the iPad; 2015: Widespread adoption of smart home devices; 2020: 5G networks roll out; 2022: Commercial electric vehicles become mainstream; 2023: AI chatbots gain popularity; 2024: Quantum computing breakthroughs; 2026: Early consumer-level augmented reality glasses."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major Mars exploration missions up to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2003: Mars Express (ESA) arrives at Mars; 2004: NASA's Spirit and Opportunity rovers land; 2012: Curiosity rover lands; 2018: InSight lander arrives; 2021: Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter land; 2022: Tianwen-1 (China) continues operations; 2024: Mars Sample Return mission planning; 2026: Anticipated launch of new Mars landers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2024.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2019: First cases reported in Wuhan, China; 2020: WHO declares pandemic, global lockdowns; 2021: Vaccination campaigns begin worldwide; 2022: Variants cause new waves; 2023: Most countries lift restrictions; 2024: Ongoing booster campaigns and monitoring."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Outline the timeline of major video game console releases from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: PlayStation 2; 2001: Xbox, Nintendo GameCube; 2005: Xbox 360; 2006: PlayStation 3, Nintendo Wii; 2013: PlayStation 4, Xbox One; 2017: Nintendo Switch; 2020: PlayStation 5, Xbox Series X/S; 2024: Rumored Nintendo Switch successor; 2026: Anticipated next-gen console announcements."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List significant climate change agreements from 1992 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1992: UN Framework Convention on Climate Change; 1997: Kyoto Protocol; 2015: Paris Agreement; 2021: COP26 in Glasgow; 2023: Global Stocktake; 2024: New emissions targets set; 2026: Review of progress towards net-zero goals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major smartphone innovations from 2007 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2007: First iPhone; 2008: Android OS launches; 2012: Introduction of 4G LTE; 2017: Face recognition technology; 2020: Foldable phones; 2022: Under-display cameras; 2024: AI-powered personal assistants; 2026: Advanced AR integration in smartphones."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major Olympic Games from 2008 to 2024.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2008: Beijing Summer Olympics; 2012: London Summer Olympics; 2016: Rio de Janeiro Summer Olympics; 2018: PyeongChang Winter Olympics; 2020: Tokyo Summer Olympics (held in 2021); 2022: Beijing Winter Olympics; 2024: Paris Summer Olympics."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of electric vehicle adoption from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Early mass-market EVs like Nissan Leaf; 2012: Tesla Model S launches; 2015: Global EV sales surpass 1 million; 2020: Major automakers announce EV-only futures; 2022: EVs reach 10% of new car sales in many countries; 2024: Expansion of charging infrastructure; 2026: EVs projected to be mainstream in most markets."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key milestones in artificial intelligence development from 2012 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2012: Deep learning breakthroughs in image recognition; 2016: AlphaGo defeats Go champion; 2020: GPT-3 released; 2023: AI chatbots widely adopted; 2024: AI used in medical diagnostics; 2026: AI integrated into daily consumer devices."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major U.S. presidential elections from 2000 to 2024.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: George W. Bush elected; 2004: Bush re-elected; 2008: Barack Obama elected; 2012: Obama re-elected; 2016: Donald Trump elected; 2020: Joe Biden elected; 2024: Next scheduled presidential election."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major space telescope launches up to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1990: Hubble Space Telescope; 2003: Spitzer Space Telescope; 2009: Kepler Space Telescope; 2021: James Webb Space Telescope; 2022: Euclid (ESA); 2026: Anticipated launch of Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major cryptocurrency events from 2009 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2009: Bitcoin launched; 2013: Bitcoin surpasses $1,000; 2017: Crypto market boom and crash; 2020: DeFi gains popularity; 2021: NFTs become mainstream; 2022: Major crypto exchange collapses; 2024: Regulatory frameworks established; 2026: Central bank digital currencies in use."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the European Union from 1993 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1993: EU formally established; 2002: Euro currency introduced; 2004: Largest expansion with 10 new members; 2016: Brexit referendum; 2020: COVID-19 response; 2022: Ukraine applies for membership; 2024: EU Green Deal implementation; 2026: Further enlargement discussions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major Nobel Prize winners in Literature from 2010 to 2024.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Mario Vargas Llosa; 2013: Alice Munro; 2016: Bob Dylan; 2018: Olga Tokarczuk; 2020: Louise Glück; 2021: Abdulrazak Gurnah; 2022: Annie Ernaux; 2023: Jon Fosse; 2024: To be announced."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in renewable energy from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: Widespread wind farm installations; 2010: Solar panel costs drop significantly; 2015: Paris Agreement boosts investment; 2020: Renewables surpass coal in electricity generation in some countries; 2022: Offshore wind expansion; 2024: Grid-scale battery storage becomes common; 2026: Hydrogen fuel adoption increases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major movie franchise releases from 2012 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2012: The Avengers; 2015: Star Wars: The Force Awakens; 2019: Avengers: Endgame; 2021: Dune; 2022: Avatar: The Way of Water; 2023: Indiana Jones 5; 2024: New Marvel and DC films; 2026: Anticipated Avatar 3 release."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the United Nations from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: Millennium Development Goals adopted; 2015: Sustainable Development Goals launched; 2020: 75th anniversary; 2022: Global pandemic response; 2024: Climate action summit; 2026: Review of SDG progress."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in medical technology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Widespread use of robotic surgery; 2015: CRISPR gene editing; 2020: mRNA COVID-19 vaccines; 2022: AI-assisted diagnostics; 2024: Personalized medicine becomes more common; 2026: Early cancer detection with liquid biopsies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major social media platform launches and changes from 2004 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2004: Facebook launches; 2006: Twitter launches; 2010: Instagram launches; 2016: TikTok gains popularity; 2021: Clubhouse audio app trend; 2023: Decentralized social media platforms emerge; 2026: New privacy-focused platforms gain traction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major climate-related disasters from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Pakistan floods; 2017: Hurricane Harvey; 2019: Australian bushfires; 2020: California wildfires; 2021: European floods; 2022: Heatwaves in India and Europe; 2024: Record-breaking hurricane season; 2026: Major droughts in multiple continents."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the World Health Organization from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2003: SARS outbreak; 2009: H1N1 pandemic; 2014: Ebola outbreak; 2020: COVID-19 pandemic; 2022: Monkeypox declared a global health emergency; 2024: New pandemic preparedness initiatives; 2026: Global vaccination campaigns."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in quantum computing from 2015 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2015: First quantum supremacy claims; 2019: Google demonstrates quantum supremacy; 2022: Commercial quantum cloud services; 2024: Quantum encryption tested in real-world networks; 2026: Early quantum computers available for specialized tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major world population milestones from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: World population reaches 6 billion; 2011: 7 billion; 2022: 8 billion; 2024: India surpasses China as most populous country; 2026: Continued urbanization and aging population trends."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in battery technology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Lithium-ion batteries dominate; 2015: Tesla Gigafactory opens; 2020: Solid-state battery research accelerates; 2022: Fast-charging batteries enter market; 2024: Affordable long-range EV batteries; 2026: Widespread use of solid-state batteries."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the FIFA World Cup from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: South Africa; 2014: Brazil; 2018: Russia; 2022: Qatar; 2026: United States, Canada, and Mexico to co-host."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in robotics from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Industrial robots become common; 2015: Boston Dynamics robots gain attention; 2020: Delivery robots used during pandemic; 2022: Humanoid robots in customer service; 2024: Home assistant robots; 2026: Robots in elder care and healthcare."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in genetic engineering from 2012 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2012: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing discovered; 2018: First gene-edited babies reported; 2020: Gene therapies for rare diseases; 2023: Advances in gene drives; 2026: Precision medicine using gene editing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in renewable energy storage from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Lithium-ion batteries for grid storage; 2015: Flow batteries developed; 2020: Grid-scale battery installations increase; 2022: Hydrogen storage projects; 2024: Advanced battery chemistries; 2026: Integration of multiple storage technologies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the International Space Station from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: First crew arrives; 2011: Last Space Shuttle mission; 2020: 20th anniversary of continuous habitation; 2022: Private astronauts visit; 2024: New international modules added; 2026: Plans for commercial successors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in 3D printing from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Consumer 3D printers become available; 2015: 3D-printed prosthetics; 2020: 3D-printed houses; 2022: Bioprinting of tissues; 2024: 3D printing in aerospace; 2026: On-demand manufacturing in remote locations."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in virtual reality from 2012 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2012: Oculus Rift prototype; 2016: Consumer VR headsets launch; 2020: VR used in education and training; 2022: Metaverse platforms expand; 2024: Lightweight wireless VR; 2026: Widespread adoption in business and healthcare."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in wireless communication from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: 4G LTE networks expand; 2015: Wi-Fi 6 development; 2020: 5G networks launch; 2022: 5G coverage expands globally; 2024: Early 6G research; 2026: 6G pilot networks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope from 1996 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1996: Project proposed; 2007: Construction begins; 2018: Launch delayed; 2021: Successfully launched; 2022: First images released; 2024: Major discoveries published; 2026: Ongoing scientific missions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in biotechnology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Synthetic biology advances; 2015: CRISPR gene editing; 2020: mRNA vaccine technology; 2022: Lab-grown meat enters market; 2024: Personalized medicine; 2026: Biomanufacturing of complex drugs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in autonomous vehicles from 2012 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2012: Google self-driving car tests; 2016: Tesla Autopilot; 2020: Pilot autonomous taxi services; 2022: Autonomous delivery vehicles; 2024: Widespread urban trials; 2026: Commercial deployment in select cities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in wearable technology from 2013 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2013: Smartwatches introduced; 2015: Fitness trackers gain popularity; 2020: Health monitoring wearables; 2022: Smart glasses; 2024: Medical-grade wearables; 2026: Wearables with advanced biosensors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the Paris Agreement from 2015 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2015: Paris Agreement adopted; 2016: Agreement enters into force; 2020: U.S. temporarily withdraws; 2021: U.S. rejoins; 2023: Global Stocktake; 2024: New emissions targets; 2026: Progress review."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in cloud computing from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Cloud storage services expand; 2015: Serverless computing; 2020: Edge computing; 2022: Multi-cloud strategies; 2024: AI-driven cloud management; 2026: Quantum cloud services."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in gene therapy from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: First gene therapy approvals; 2015: CRISPR used in clinical trials; 2020: Gene therapies for rare diseases; 2022: Expanded indications; 2024: In vivo gene editing; 2026: Widespread use for inherited disorders."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in fusion energy from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: ITER construction begins; 2015: Advances in magnetic confinement; 2021: Record plasma temperatures; 2023: Private fusion startups achieve milestones; 2024: First net energy experiments; 2026: Pilot fusion reactors planned."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the Artemis lunar program from 2017 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2017: Artemis program announced; 2022: Artemis I uncrewed mission; 2024: Artemis II crewed mission planned; 2025: Artemis III aims for lunar landing; 2026: Lunar Gateway construction continues."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in nanotechnology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Nanomedicine research expands; 2015: Nano-enabled drug delivery; 2020: Nanomaterials in electronics; 2022: Nanosensors for diagnostics; 2024: Nanorobots in clinical trials; 2026: Commercial nanotech products."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in space tourism from 2001 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2001: First space tourist (Dennis Tito); 2010: Private companies enter market; 2021: Blue Origin and SpaceX civilian flights; 2022: Space hotel concepts announced; 2024: Regular suborbital flights; 2026: First commercial space station modules."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in food technology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Plant-based meat alternatives; 2015: Lab-grown meat prototypes; 2020: 3D-printed food; 2022: Precision fermentation; 2024: Sustainable packaging; 2026: Personalized nutrition solutions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the World Economic Forum from 2000 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2000: Focus on globalization; 2008: Financial crisis discussions; 2015: Fourth Industrial Revolution theme; 2020: COVID-19 response; 2022: Climate action focus; 2024: Digital economy initiatives; 2026: Global cooperation on AI."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in battery recycling from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Early recycling programs; 2015: Improved lithium recovery; 2020: Large-scale EV battery recycling; 2022: Circular economy initiatives; 2024: Automated recycling plants; 2026: High-efficiency battery reuse."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Provide a timeline of major advances in desalination technology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Reverse osmosis improvements; 2015: Energy-efficient membranes; 2020: Solar-powered desalination; 2022: Large-scale plants in the Middle East; 2024: Low-cost desalination for agriculture; 2026: Widespread adoption in water-scarce regions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the timeline of major advances in drone technology from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Consumer drones introduced; 2015: Drones used in agriculture; 2020: Drone delivery pilots; 2022: Urban air mobility trials; 2024: Autonomous drone fleets; 2026: Drones in emergency response."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List key events in the timeline of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals from 2015 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2015: SDGs adopted; 2020: First progress review; 2022: COVID-19 impact assessment; 2024: Midpoint evaluation; 2026: Acceleration of efforts towards 2030 targets."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Create a timeline of major advances in ocean exploration from 2010 to 2026.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "2010: Deep-sea hydrothermal vent discoveries; 2015: Autonomous underwater vehicles; 2020: Mapping of ocean floor; 2022: Deep-sea mining trials; 2024: Robotic exploration of trenches; 2026: Ocean biodiversity cataloging."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is the current year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The current year is 2026."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the current month?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The current month is January."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the current date?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The current date is January 24, 2026."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main features of Wi-Fi 7 technology.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Wi-Fi 7 offers faster speeds, lower latency, and improved efficiency compared to previous generations. It supports wider channels, multi-link operation, and enhanced performance in crowded environments."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of edge computing.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Edge computing processes data closer to the source of generation, reducing latency and bandwidth usage by minimizing the need to send data to centralized cloud servers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is quantum supremacy?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantum supremacy is the point at which a quantum computer can solve a problem that is practically impossible for classical computers to solve in a reasonable time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three benefits of using solid-state drives (SSDs) over hard disk drives (HDDs).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SSDs offer faster data access speeds, greater durability due to no moving parts, and lower power consumption compared to HDDs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a neural network in artificial intelligence?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A neural network is a computational model inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process data and learn patterns for tasks like classification and prediction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the purpose of a VPN.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A VPN (Virtual Private Network) encrypts your internet connection and routes it through a secure server, protecting your privacy and allowing access to restricted content."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a blockchain in technology?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A blockchain is a decentralized digital ledger that records transactions in a secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant way, often used for cryptocurrencies and smart contracts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between AR and VR.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AR (Augmented Reality) overlays digital content onto the real world, while VR (Virtual Reality) immerses users in a fully virtual environment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a smart contract?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A smart contract is a self-executing program stored on a blockchain that automatically enforces the terms of an agreement when predefined conditions are met."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two advantages of 5G networks.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "5G networks provide significantly faster data speeds and lower latency compared to previous generations, enabling new applications like real-time remote control and enhanced mobile experiences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data, enabling automation and smart functionality in homes, cities, and industries."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Artificial intelligence in healthcare assists with diagnostics, predicts patient outcomes, personalizes treatment plans, and automates administrative tasks, improving efficiency and patient care."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a deepfake?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A deepfake is a synthetic media created using AI techniques, especially deep learning, to convincingly replace one person's likeness or voice with another's in video or audio content."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of cloud gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cloud gaming allows users to play video games streamed from remote servers over the internet, eliminating the need for powerful local hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a zero-day vulnerability?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A zero-day vulnerability is a security flaw in software that is unknown to the vendor and has no available fix, making it susceptible to exploitation by attackers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three uses of drones in modern technology.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Drones are used for aerial photography and videography, delivery of goods, and surveying or mapping land and infrastructure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a digital twin?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A digital twin is a virtual representation of a physical object, system, or process, used to simulate, monitor, and optimize real-world performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a GPU in a computer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) accelerates the rendering of images, videos, and animations, and is also used for parallel processing tasks like AI and scientific computing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is end-to-end encryption?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "End-to-end encryption ensures that only the communicating users can read the messages, preventing intermediaries from accessing the data during transmission."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of a password manager.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A password manager securely stores and manages your passwords, generating strong passwords and autofilling them for websites and apps to enhance security and convenience."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a progressive web app (PWA)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A progressive web app is a web application that uses modern web technologies to provide an app-like experience, including offline access, push notifications, and fast loading."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the concept of serverless computing.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Serverless computing allows developers to run code without managing servers, automatically scaling resources and charging only for actual usage, simplifying deployment and maintenance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is ray tracing in computer graphics?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Ray tracing is a rendering technique that simulates the way light interacts with objects to produce realistic images with accurate shadows, reflections, and lighting effects."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular battle royale games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three popular battle royale games are Fortnite, Apex Legends, and PUBG (PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main objective in the game Minecraft?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main objective in Minecraft is to explore, gather resources, build structures, and survive in a block-based world, with optional goals like defeating the Ender Dragon."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the gameplay of Among Us.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Among Us is a multiplayer game where players work together to complete tasks on a spaceship while trying to identify and vote out the hidden impostors among them."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a MOBA game? Give an example.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A MOBA (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) is a genre where teams compete to destroy the opposing team's base. An example is League of Legends."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of permadeath in gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Permadeath means that when a player's character dies in a game, they cannot be revived or continue, making the consequences of failure permanent."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between single-player and multiplayer games?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Single-player games are designed for one person, focusing on story or solo challenges, while multiplayer games allow multiple people to play together or against each other."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two popular handheld gaming consoles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two popular handheld gaming consoles are the Nintendo Switch and the Steam Deck."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is an open-world game?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An open-world game allows players to freely explore a large, interactive environment, often with non-linear objectives and side quests."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of a healer in online team-based games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A healer supports the team by restoring health, removing negative effects, and keeping teammates alive during battles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a speedrun in gaming?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A speedrun is an attempt to complete a game or a specific objective as quickly as possible, often using strategies and glitches to save time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of loot boxes.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Loot boxes are virtual items in games that contain random rewards, such as skins or power-ups, which players can earn or purchase."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is cross-platform play?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cross-platform play allows gamers on different hardware platforms, such as PC, console, or mobile, to play together in the same game."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three classic arcade games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three classic arcade games are Pac-Man, Space Invaders, and Donkey Kong."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main goal in the game Tetris?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main goal in Tetris is to arrange falling blocks to complete horizontal lines, which then disappear, preventing the stack from reaching the top of the screen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the gameplay of a roguelike game.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A roguelike game features procedurally generated levels, turn-based gameplay, and permadeath, offering a new experience with each playthrough."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a sandbox game?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A sandbox game provides players with tools and freedom to create, modify, and interact with the game world with minimal restrictions or objectives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of DLC in gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DLC (Downloadable Content) refers to additional content for a game, such as new levels, characters, or storylines, that can be downloaded after the game's release."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a gaming clan or guild?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A gaming clan or guild is a group of players who regularly play together, often in online multiplayer games, to achieve common goals and compete as a team."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two popular rhythm games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two popular rhythm games are Dance Dance Revolution and Beat Saber."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of a tutorial level in a video game?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A tutorial level introduces new players to the game's controls, mechanics, and objectives, helping them learn how to play."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the concept of matchmaking in online games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Matchmaking is the process of pairing players of similar skill levels together in online games to ensure fair and balanced matches."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is artificial intelligence (AI)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think, learn, and solve problems."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between narrow AI and general AI.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Narrow AI is designed for specific tasks, like voice assistants or image recognition, while general AI would have the ability to understand and perform any intellectual task that a human can."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the concept of deep learning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Deep learning is a type of machine learning that uses neural networks with many layers to analyze complex data patterns and make decisions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a neural network?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A neural network is a computational model inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process information and learn from data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common applications of AI in daily life.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three common applications are virtual assistants (like Siri or Alexa), personalized recommendations (such as on Netflix), and spam filters in email."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is natural language processing (NLP)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Natural language processing is a field of AI focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of supervised learning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Supervised learning is a machine learning approach where models are trained on labeled data, learning to predict outputs from given inputs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is unsupervised learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Unsupervised learning is a machine learning technique where models find patterns or groupings in data without labeled outputs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe reinforcement learning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by receiving rewards or penalties for its actions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is computer vision?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Computer vision is an AI field that enables machines to interpret and understand visual information from the world, such as images and videos."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two examples of AI in healthcare.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI is used for medical image analysis (like detecting tumors in scans) and for predicting patient outcomes based on health records."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a chatbot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A chatbot is an AI-powered program that simulates conversation with users, often used for customer service or information retrieval."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the Turing Test.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Turing Test is a measure of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is transfer learning in AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transfer learning is a technique where a model developed for one task is reused as the starting point for a model on a different but related task."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of data in training AI models.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Data is essential for training AI models, as it provides the examples from which the model learns patterns, relationships, and how to make predictions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is an AI bias?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI bias occurs when an AI system produces prejudiced results due to biased data or flawed algorithms, often reflecting human biases present in the training data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three challenges in developing ethical AI.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three challenges are ensuring fairness, maintaining transparency, and protecting user privacy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is explainable AI (XAI)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Explainable AI refers to methods and techniques that make the decisions of AI systems understandable to humans."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of generative AI.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Generative AI refers to systems that can create new content, such as text, images, or music, often using models like GANs or large language models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a GAN (Generative Adversarial Network)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GAN is a type of neural network with two parts—a generator and a discriminator—that compete to produce increasingly realistic synthetic data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the use of AI in autonomous vehicles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI enables autonomous vehicles to perceive their environment, make driving decisions, and navigate safely without human intervention."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a recommendation system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A recommendation system is an AI tool that suggests products, services, or content to users based on their preferences and behavior."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two ways AI is used in finance.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI is used for fraud detection and for algorithmic trading in financial markets."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is overfitting in machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well, including its noise, and performs poorly on new, unseen data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of a training dataset and a test dataset.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A training dataset is used to teach the AI model, while a test dataset is used to evaluate its performance on new, unseen data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a confusion matrix?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A confusion matrix is a table used to evaluate the performance of a classification model by showing the actual versus predicted classifications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of AI in language translation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI powers language translation tools by analyzing and converting text or speech from one language to another using machine learning models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a large language model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A large language model is an AI system trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language, such as GPT-4."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three industries being transformed by AI.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Healthcare, transportation, and retail are three industries being significantly transformed by AI technologies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is sentiment analysis?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sentiment analysis is an AI technique that determines the emotional tone behind a body of text, such as positive, negative, or neutral."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of AI-powered image recognition.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI-powered image recognition uses machine learning to identify and classify objects, people, or scenes within digital images."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is reinforcement learning used for?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Reinforcement learning is used for training agents in environments where they must make a sequence of decisions, such as robotics, gaming, and autonomous vehicles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the difference between classification and regression in machine learning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Classification predicts discrete labels (like spam or not spam), while regression predicts continuous values (like house prices)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a feature in machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A feature is an individual measurable property or characteristic used as input for a machine learning model."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List two risks associated with AI development.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Two risks are job displacement due to automation and the potential misuse of AI for malicious purposes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of an activation function in a neural network?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An activation function introduces non-linearity into the network, allowing it to learn complex patterns in data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of transfer learning in deep learning.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transfer learning in deep learning involves using a pre-trained model on a new, related task to reduce training time and improve performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the role of AI in smart home devices?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI enables smart home devices to automate tasks, learn user preferences, and provide personalized experiences, such as adjusting lighting or temperature."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the use of AI in fraud detection.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI analyzes transaction patterns and detects anomalies that may indicate fraudulent activity, helping to prevent financial crimes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a data labeler in the context of AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A data labeler is a person or tool that annotates data with relevant tags or categories, which is essential for supervised learning."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three programming languages commonly used for AI development.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Python, R, and Java are commonly used programming languages for AI development."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between AI and automation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI involves machines learning and making decisions, while automation refers to machines following predefined rules without learning or adapting."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of a black box in AI.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A black box in AI refers to a system whose internal workings are not visible or easily understood, making it difficult to explain how decisions are made."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the role of AI in personalized marketing?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI analyzes customer data to deliver targeted advertisements, product recommendations, and personalized content, improving marketing effectiveness."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the use of AI in supply chain management.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI optimizes supply chain operations by forecasting demand, managing inventory, and improving logistics through data analysis and automation."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function that checks if a given string is a palindrome.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_palindrome(s):\n s = ''.join(c.lower() for c in s if c.isalnum())\n return s == s[::-1]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main causes of the American Civil War.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main causes of the American Civil War were the conflict over slavery, states' rights versus federal authority, economic differences between the North and South, and the election of Abraham Lincoln, which led Southern states to secede from the Union."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into French: 'The weather is beautiful today.'",
+"input": "The weather is beautiful today.",
+"output": "Le temps est magnifique aujourd'hui."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following animal as mammal, reptile, bird, fish, or amphibian: Platypus.",
+"input": "Platypus",
+"output": "Mammal"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a robot who learns to paint.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Once upon a time, there was a robot named Arti who worked in a factory. One day, Arti discovered a set of paints and brushes. Curious, Arti began to experiment, creating colorful patterns. Over time, Arti learned to paint beautiful landscapes and portraits, becoming the first robot artist. People from all over came to see Arti's art, amazed at the creativity and emotion in each piece."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the following temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit: 25°C.",
+"input": "25",
+"output": "77°F"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. It is used for growth and repair. Meiosis, on the other hand, produces four genetically unique daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes, and is used for sexual reproduction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three benefits of regular exercise.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Improves cardiovascular health\n2. Enhances mood and reduces stress\n3. Strengthens muscles and bones"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all columns from a table named 'employees' where the salary is greater than 50000.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the plot of 'Romeo and Juliet' in two sentences.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Romeo and Juliet, two young lovers from feuding families in Verona, fall in love and secretly marry. Their tragic deaths ultimately reconcile their families."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into Spanish: 'Knowledge is power.'",
+"input": "Knowledge is power.",
+"output": "El conocimiento es poder."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a prime or composite number: 29.",
+"input": "29",
+"output": "Prime"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript that returns the maximum value in an array.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function getMax(arr) {\n return Math.max(...arr);\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of supply and demand.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Supply and demand is an economic model that describes how prices are determined in a market. When demand for a product increases and supply remains the same, prices tend to rise. Conversely, if supply increases and demand remains unchanged, prices tend to fall."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the key points of the Declaration of Independence.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Declaration of Independence asserts the colonies' right to self-governance, lists grievances against King George III, and proclaims the colonies' independence from Britain. It emphasizes the principles of equality, unalienable rights, and government by consent of the governed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a haiku about the ocean.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Waves crash on the shore\nEndless blue meets the bright sky\nWhispers of the deep"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the binary number 1011 to decimal.",
+"input": "1011",
+"output": "11"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the process of photosynthesis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen. Chlorophyll in the plant's cells captures sunlight, which powers the chemical reaction that converts carbon dioxide and water into food and releases oxygen as a byproduct."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of pollination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower (anther) to the female part (stigma), enabling fertilization and the production of seeds."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major islands in the world.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Greenland\n2. New Guinea\n3. Borneo
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to check if a list is sorted in ascending order.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_sorted(lst):\n return all(lst[i] <= lst[i+1] for i in range(len(lst)-1))"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main events of World War I.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Major powers formed alliances, leading to widespread conflict across Europe. Trench warfare, new technologies, and massive casualties characterized the war, which ended in 1918 with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Italian: 'I am learning to speak Italian.'",
+"input": "I am learning to speak Italian.",
+"output": "Sto imparando a parlare italiano."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a physical or chemical property: Flammability.",
+"input": "Flammability",
+"output": "Chemical property"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a baker who invents a new type of bread.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Elena, a small-town baker, experimented with local herbs and grains to create a unique bread. After many attempts, she baked a loaf with a fragrant aroma and a soft, chewy texture. The new bread became a sensation, attracting visitors from neighboring towns and making Elena's bakery famous."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the temperature 68°F to Celsius.",
+"input": "68",
+"output": "20°C"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between speed and velocity.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Speed is a scalar quantity that measures how fast an object is moving, regardless of direction. Velocity is a vector quantity that includes both the speed and the direction of the object's motion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major exports of Brazil.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Soybeans\n2. Iron ore\n3. Crude petroleum"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the highest salary in the 'employees' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the greenhouse effect.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The greenhouse effect is the process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warm enough to support life."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into French: 'Please close the door.'",
+"input": "Please close the door.",
+"output": "Veuillez fermer la porte."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: Salad.",
+"input": "Salad",
+"output": "Heterogeneous mixture"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to find the minimum value in an array.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public int findMin(int[] arr) {\n int min = arr[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n if (arr[i] < min) min = arr[i];\n }\n return min;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of cellular respiration.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water. It occurs in the mitochondria and provides energy for cellular activities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major cities in Canada.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Toronto\n2. Vancouver\n3. Montreal"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short poem about a rainy day.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Raindrops on the glass\nSoftly tapping, gentle sound\nGray skies, peaceful calm"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the fraction 5/6 to a decimal.",
+"input": "5/6",
+"output": "0.8333"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of red blood cells.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to calculate the average of an array of numbers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "double average(int arr[], int n) {\n int sum = 0;\n for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += arr[i];\n return (double)sum / n;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to calculate the nth Fibonacci number using recursion.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def fibonacci(n):\n if n <= 1:\n return n\n return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main achievements of Marie Curie.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Marie Curie was a pioneering scientist who discovered the elements polonium and radium, conducted groundbreaking research on radioactivity, and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, as well as the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Portuguese: 'The book is on the table.'",
+"input": "The book is on the table.",
+"output": "O livro está sobre a mesa."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a physical or chemical change: Burning wood.",
+"input": "Burning wood",
+"output": "Chemical change"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a young inventor who creates a flying bicycle.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Leo loved tinkering with gadgets in his garage. One summer, he attached small wings and a propeller to his bicycle, powered by a homemade engine. After many attempts, Leo soared above the rooftops, becoming the first kid in town to fly on a bicycle, inspiring others to dream big."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert 150 pounds to kilograms. (1 pound = 0.453592 kg)",
+"input": "150",
+"output": "68.04 kilograms"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between mass and weight.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mass is the amount of matter in an object and does not change regardless of location. Weight is the force exerted by gravity on that mass and varies depending on the gravitational pull."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major imports of the United States.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Electronics\n2. Vehicles\n3. Machinery"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the average age of users in a 'users' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT AVG(age) FROM users;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of natural selection.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the evolution of species over time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into Russian: 'I am very happy.'",
+"input": "I am very happy.",
+"output": "Я очень счастлив."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a solution, suspension, or colloid: Saltwater.",
+"input": "Saltwater",
+"output": "Solution"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to calculate the factorial of a number using iteration.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public int factorial(int n) {\n int result = 1;\n for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {\n result *= i;\n }\n return result;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of mitosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mitosis is a type of cell division where a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. It is essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major cities in Australia.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Sydney\n2. Melbourne\n3. Brisbane"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short poem about a sunrise.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Golden rays appear\nChasing shadows from the night\nA new day begins"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the fraction 1/3 to a decimal.",
+"input": "1/3",
+"output": "0.3333"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the spinal cord.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The spinal cord transmits nerve signals between the brain and the rest of the body, and it coordinates reflexes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to find the maximum value in an array.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int findMax(int arr[], int n) {\n int max = arr[0];\n for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];\n }\n return max;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a theory and a law in science.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of natural phenomena, while a law is a statement that describes consistent, universal relationships observed in nature. Theories explain why laws work."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of nonrenewable resources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Coal\n2. Oil\n3. Natural gas"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all books published after 2010 from a 'books' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM books WHERE publication_year > 2010;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the atomic theory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Atomic theory states that all matter is composed of small, indivisible particles called atoms, which combine in specific ways to form substances."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Arabic: 'Where are you from?'",
+"input": "Where are you from?",
+"output": "من أين أنت؟"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: Air.",
+"input": "Air",
+"output": "Homogeneous mixture"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A hypothesis is a testable prediction or educated guess about how things work. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, based on a body of evidence."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of renewable resources.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Solar energy\n2. Wind energy\n3. Biomass"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all students with a grade above 90 from a 'students' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM students WHERE grade > 90;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the cell theory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The cell theory states that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from pre-existing cells."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Spanish: 'Can you help me?'",
+"input": "Can you help me?",
+"output": "¿Puedes ayudarme?"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a solution, suspension, or colloid: Milk.",
+"input": "Milk",
+"output": "Colloid"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to calculate the sum of the digits of a number.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def sum_of_digits(n):\n return sum(int(digit) for digit in str(abs(n)))"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of osmosis.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major languages spoken in India.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Hindi\n2. Bengali\n3. Telugu"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a child who finds a magic key.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sophie found a small, golden key in her backyard. When she used it on an old tree trunk, a hidden door opened, revealing a world of talking animals and enchanted forests. Sophie visited often, making new friends and having magical adventures."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the decimal number 0.2 to a fraction.",
+"input": "0.2",
+"output": "1/5"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of white blood cells.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "White blood cells are part of the immune system and help protect the body against infections and foreign invaders."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to reverse the order of words in a sentence.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function reverseWords(sentence) {\n return sentence.split(' ').reverse().join(' ');\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a conductor and an insulator.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A conductor allows electricity or heat to flow through it easily, while an insulator resists the flow of electricity or heat."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major exports of Japan.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Automobiles\n2. Electronics\n3. Machinery"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to count the number of products in the 'products' table with a price greater than 100.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM products WHERE price > 100;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of plate tectonics.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Plate tectonics is the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into large plates that move and interact, causing earthquakes, volcanoes, and the formation of mountains."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into German: 'I love to travel.'",
+"input": "I love to travel.",
+"output": "Ich reise gern."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a unicellular or multicellular organism: Amoeba.",
+"input": "Amoeba",
+"output": "Unicellular"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to check if a string is a valid integer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_valid_integer(s):\n try:\n int(s)\n return True\n except ValueError:\n return False"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of photosynthesis in algae.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis, similar to plants. Chlorophyll in their cells captures light energy to drive this process."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major rivers in South America.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Amazon River\n2. Paraná River\n3. Orinoco River"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short poem about a mountain.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Majestic and tall\nTouching clouds with ancient stone\nSilent strength endures"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert 120 minutes to hours.",
+"input": "120",
+"output": "2 hours"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of platelets in the blood.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Platelets are small cell fragments in the blood that help with clotting, preventing excessive bleeding when injuries occur."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to check if a string is empty.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "bool isEmpty(const std::string& str) {\n return str.empty();\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a mixture and a compound.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that retain their individual properties and can be separated physically. A compound is a substance formed when two or more elements are chemically bonded together."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of muscle tissue.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Skeletal muscle\n2. Cardiac muscle\n3. Smooth muscle"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to retrieve all orders placed after January 1, 2022, from an 'orders' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM orders WHERE order_date > '2022-01-01';"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the law of supply.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The law of supply states that, all else being equal, an increase in the price of a good will result in an increase in the quantity supplied."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Mandarin Chinese: 'I am a student.'",
+"input": "I am a student.",
+"output": "我是学生。"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a vertebrate or invertebrate: Jellyfish.",
+"input": "Jellyfish",
+"output": "Invertebrate"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to check if a string is a palindrome.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isPalindrome(str) {\n const cleaned = str.replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/g, '').toLowerCase();\n return cleaned === cleaned.split('').reverse().join('');\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of fermentation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fermentation is a metabolic process in which organisms convert sugars into energy, producing byproducts like alcohol or lactic acid, often in the absence of oxygen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major peninsulas in Asia.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Arabian Peninsula\n2. Indochinese Peninsula\n3. Korean Peninsula"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a bird who learns to sing a new song.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Pip, a young sparrow, listened to the melodies of other birds each morning. Inspired, he practiced new notes and rhythms until he created a song of his own. Soon, his unique tune echoed through the forest, and other birds joined in, making Pip's song famous."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the fraction 3/5 to a percentage.",
+"input": "3/5",
+"output": "60%"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the small intestine.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The small intestine is responsible for digesting food and absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C function to check if a number is negative.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int isNegative(int n) {\n return n < 0;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a planet and a star.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A planet is a celestial body that orbits a star and does not produce its own light, while a star is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma that generates energy through nuclear fusion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of joints in the human body.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Ball-and-socket joint\n2. Hinge joint\n3. Pivot joint"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all employees who work in the 'Sales' department.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department = 'Sales';"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the law of demand.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The law of demand states that, all else being equal, as the price of a good increases, the quantity demanded decreases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into Japanese: 'Excuse me, where is the bathroom?'",
+"input": "Excuse me, where is the bathroom?",
+"output": "すみません、お手洗���はどこですか？"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a mammal, bird, or reptile: Penguin.",
+"input": "Penguin",
+"output": "Bird"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to check if a year is a leap year.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_leap_year(year):\n return year % 4 == 0 and (year % 100 != 0 or year % 400 == 0)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of transpiration in trees.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transpiration in trees is the process where water absorbed by roots moves up through the tree and evaporates from the leaves, helping to cool the plant and draw nutrients upward."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major lakes in Africa.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Lake Victoria\n2. Lake Tanganyika\n3. Lake Malawi"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short poem about a river.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Winding through the land\nRiver sings a gentle song\nLife flows in its path"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert 3 kilometers to meters.",
+"input": "3",
+"output": "3000 meters"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the large intestine.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter and forms and eliminates solid waste from the body."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to check if a string is empty.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public boolean isEmpty(String s) {\n return s == null || s.isEmpty();\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a solid and a liquid.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A solid has a definite shape and volume, with particles closely packed together. A liquid has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container, with particles that can move past each other."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of blood vessels.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Arteries\n2. Veins\n3. Capillaries"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the total sales from a 'sales' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT SUM(amount) FROM sales;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the law of inertia.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The law of inertia states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into French: 'I have two brothers.'",
+"input": "I have two brothers.",
+"output": "J'ai deux frères."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a renewable or nonrenewable resource: Natural gas.",
+"input": "Natural gas",
+"output": "Nonrenewable resource"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to check if a number is negative.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isNegative(n) {\n return n < 0;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of germination.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Germination is the process by which a seed absorbs water, swells, and begins to grow into a new plant, developing roots and shoots."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major islands in the Mediterranean Sea.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Sicily\n2. Sardinia\n3. Cyprus"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a squirrel who finds a treasure.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Nibbles the squirrel was digging for acorns when he uncovered a tiny, sparkling box. Inside, he found a stash of rare nuts and shiny pebbles. Nibbles shared his treasure with his friends, and they celebrated with a grand feast."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the decimal number 0.75 to a percentage.",
+"input": "0.75",
+"output": "75%"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the brain.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The brain controls and coordinates all bodily functions, processes sensory information, and is responsible for thought, memory, emotion, and decision-making."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to check if a number is positive.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "bool isPositive(int n) {\n return n > 0;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a mixture and a solution.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A mixture is a combination of substances that can be separated physically, while a solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of cartilage in the human body.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Hyaline cartilage\n2. Elastic cartilage\n3. Fibrocartilage"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all customers from the 'customers' table who live in 'New York'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE city = 'New York';"
+}
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of fertilization in plants.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fertilization in plants occurs when a pollen grain reaches the stigma, grows a tube to the ovule, and the sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, forming a seed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major islands in the Pacific Ocean.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Hawaii (Big Island)\n2. New Guinea\n3. Fiji"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a rabbit who learns to read.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Benny the rabbit found a book in the meadow and watched children reading nearby. Curious, he practiced with the help of his friend, a wise old owl. Soon, Benny could read stories to his animal friends, making storytime a favorite event in the forest."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the decimal number 0.4 to a fraction.",
+"input": "0.4",
+"output": "2/5"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the esophagus.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach through coordinated contractions called peristalsis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C function to check if a character is a digit.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int isDigit(char c) {\n return c >= '0' && c <= '9';\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a comet and an asteroid.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A comet is a small icy body that develops a glowing coma and tail when near the sun, while an asteroid is a rocky or metallic object that orbits the sun, mostly found in the asteroid belt."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of neurons.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Sensory neurons\n2. Motor neurons\n3. Interneurons"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all products with 'phone' in their name from a 'products' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM products WHERE name LIKE '%phone%';"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the law of universal gravitation.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The law of universal gravitation states that every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following sentence into Japanese: 'I am lost.'",
+"input": "I am lost.",
+"output": "私は道に迷いました。"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid: Silicon.",
+"input": "Silicon",
+"output": "Metalloid"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to check if a number is a perfect square.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_perfect_square(n):\n return int(n ** 0.5) ** 2 == n"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of adaptation in living organisms.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Adaptation is the process by which organisms develop traits over generations that increase their chances of survival and reproduction in their environment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major peninsulas in North America.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Florida Peninsula\n2. Baja California Peninsula\n3. Alaska Peninsula"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short poem about a butterfly.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Wings of painted light\nFluttering in summer breeze\nButterfly takes flight"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert 2 liters to milliliters.",
+"input": "2",
+"output": "2000 milliliters"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the gallbladder.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, releasing it into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to check if a number is even.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public boolean isEven(int n) {\n return n % 2 == 0;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a solution and a suspension.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A solution is a homogeneous mixture where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent, while a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture with visible particles that can settle out over time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of epithelial tissue.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Squamous epithelium\n2. Cuboidal epithelium\n3. Columnar epithelium"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all employees hired after 2020 from an 'employees' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date > '2020-01-01';"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main idea of the kinetic theory of gases.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The kinetic theory of gases states that gases are made of tiny particles in constant, random motion, and their collisions with container walls cause pressure."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following phrase into French: 'How old are you?'",
+"input": "How old are you?",
+"output": "Quel âge as-tu ?"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a renewable or nonrenewable resource: Wind energy.",
+"input": "Wind energy",
+"output": "Renewable resource"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to check if a number is a perfect square.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isPerfectSquare(n) {\n return Number.isInteger(Math.sqrt(n));\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the process of metamorphosis in insects.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Metamorphosis in insects is a biological process where an insect undergoes distinct changes in form and structure, typically from egg to larva, pupa, and adult."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three major lakes in North America.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Lake Superior\n2. Lake Michigan\n3. Lake Huron"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a short story about a fox who outsmarts a hunter.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A clever fox noticed a hunter setting traps in the forest. Using his wit, the fox led the hunter in circles, distracting him with false trails and hidden footprints. Eventually, the hunter gave up, and the fox celebrated his freedom with his woodland friends."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Convert the fraction 9/10 to a decimal.",
+"input": "9/10",
+"output": "0.9"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of the pituitary gland.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The pituitary gland is a small gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones regulating growth, metabolism, and other endocrine glands."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to check if a character is an uppercase letter.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "bool isUppercase(char c) {\n return c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z';\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between a series and a parallel circuit.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In a series circuit, components are connected end-to-end so that current flows through each in turn. In a parallel circuit, components are connected across common points, allowing current to split and flow through multiple paths."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of muscle movement.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Voluntary movement\n2. Involuntary movement\n3. Reflex movement"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the highest price in a 'products' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT MAX(price) FROM products;"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between RAM and ROM in a computer system.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of volatile memory used to temporarily store data and programs that are currently in use, allowing for quick access and processing. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that permanently stores firmware or system instructions needed for the computer to boot and operate."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular game engines used for video game development.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Unity\n2. Unreal Engine\n3. Godot"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python script to check if a given port is open on a specified IP address.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import socket\ndef is_port_open(ip, port):\n s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)\n s.settimeout(1)\n try:\n s.connect((ip, port))\n s.close()\n return True\n except:\n return False"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main objective in the game 'Minecraft'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main objective in Minecraft is to survive, explore, and build in a block-based world. Players gather resources, craft tools, construct structures, and can choose to defeat the Ender Dragon, considered the game's final boss."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the storyline of 'The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In 'The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time', Link embarks on a quest to stop the evil Ganondorf from obtaining the Triforce and taking over Hyrule. He travels through time, solves puzzles, defeats dungeons, and ultimately saves Princess Zelda and the kingdom."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming term into Spanish: 'Level up'.",
+"input": "Level up",
+"output": "Subir de nivel"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a first-person shooter, role-playing game, or real-time strategy: 'Overwatch'.",
+"input": "Overwatch",
+"output": "First-person shooter"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to detect if a user is on a mobile device.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isMobileDevice() {\n return /Mobi|Android|iPhone|iPad|iPod/i.test(navigator.userAgent);\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of a GPU in a gaming PC.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) is responsible for rendering images, animations, and video in a gaming PC. It accelerates graphics calculations, enabling smooth gameplay and high-quality visuals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common input devices used for gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Game controller\n2. Keyboard\n3. Mouse"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to retrieve the top 5 highest scores from a 'leaderboard' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM leaderboard ORDER BY score DESC LIMIT 5;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a motherboard in a computer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The motherboard is the main circuit board in a computer that connects and allows communication between the CPU, RAM, storage devices, and other hardware components."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay mechanics of 'Among Us'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Among Us' is a multiplayer game where players work together to complete tasks on a spaceship while one or more impostors secretly try to sabotage and eliminate the crew. Players must identify and vote out the impostors before they succeed."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming phrase into French: 'Game over'.",
+"input": "Game over",
+"output": "Partie terminée"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a console, handheld, or PC game: 'Animal Crossing: New Horizons'.",
+"input": "Animal Crossing: New Horizons",
+"output": "Console game"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to generate a random password of a given length.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import random\nimport string\ndef generate_password(length):\n chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\n return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(length))"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between SSD and HDD storage.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SSD (Solid State Drive) uses flash memory to store data, offering faster read/write speeds, lower latency, and greater durability. HDD (Hard Disk Drive) uses spinning magnetic disks and mechanical parts, generally providing more storage at a lower cost but with slower performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular online multiplayer games released after 2015.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Fortnite\n2. Apex Legends\n3. Valorant"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to check if a string is a valid IPv4 address.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public boolean isValidIPv4(String ip) {\n return ip.matches("^(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)$");\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main features of a mechanical keyboard.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A mechanical keyboard uses individual mechanical switches for each key, providing tactile feedback, durability, and customizable key responses. They are preferred by gamers and typists for their precision and longevity."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the plot of 'Portal 2'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Portal 2' follows Chell as she navigates the Aperture Science facility using a portal gun to solve puzzles. She encounters the AI Wheatley and GLaDOS, uncovering the facility's history and ultimately escaping after defeating Wheatley."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming term into German: 'Save point'.",
+"input": "Save point",
+"output": "Speicherpunkt"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a MOBA, battle royale, or MMORPG: 'League of Legends'.",
+"input": "League of Legends",
+"output": "MOBA"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to detect if the browser supports WebGL.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isWebGLSupported() {\n try {\n var canvas = document.createElement('canvas');\n return !!window.WebGLRenderingContext && (\n canvas.getContext('webgl') || canvas.getContext('experimental-webgl'));\n } catch (e) {\n return false;\n }\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of a power supply unit (PSU) in a gaming PC.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A power supply unit (PSU) converts electrical power from an outlet into usable power for the computer's components, providing stable and reliable energy to the motherboard, CPU, GPU, and peripherals."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common video game genres.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Action-adventure\n2. Puzzle\n3. Simulation"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the most played game in a 'games_played' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT game_name, COUNT() as play_count FROM games_played GROUP BY game_name ORDER BY play_count DESC LIMIT 1;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a network router in home internet setups.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A network router directs data traffic between devices on a local network and the internet, assigning local IP addresses and managing data packets to ensure efficient communication."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay loop of 'Stardew Valley'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In 'Stardew Valley', players manage a farm by planting crops, raising animals, mining, fishing, and building relationships with townspeople. The gameplay loop involves daily planning, resource management, and upgrading the farm over time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming phrase into Japanese: 'Press start to continue.'",
+"input": "Press start to continue.",
+"output": "スタートボタンを押して続けてください。"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a single-player, co-op, or competitive multiplayer game: 'It Takes Two'.",
+"input": "It Takes Two",
+"output": "Co-op"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to list all files in a directory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import os\ndef list_files(directory):\n return [f for f in os.listdir(directory) if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(directory, f))]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between 1080p and 4K resolution in gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1080p resolution is 1920x1080 pixels, while 4K resolution is 3840x2160 pixels. 4K offers four times the pixel count of 1080p, resulting in sharper, more detailed images, but requires more powerful hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular VR headsets used for gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Oculus Quest 2\n2. PlayStation VR2\n3. Valve Index"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to check if a file exists at a given path.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import java.io.File;\npublic boolean fileExists(String path) {\n File file = new File(path);\n return file.exists();\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main function of a sound card in a computer.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A sound card processes audio data and converts digital signals into analog sound, enabling playback through speakers or headphones and recording from microphones."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the plot of 'Final Fantasy VII'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Final Fantasy VII' follows Cloud Strife and his allies as they battle the Shinra Corporation and the villain Sephiroth to save the planet from destruction. The story explores themes of identity, loss, and environmentalism."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming term into Italian: 'Boss fight'.",
+"input": "Boss fight",
+"output": "Scontro con il boss"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a platformer, puzzle, or racing game: 'Mario Kart 8 Deluxe'.",
+"input": "Mario Kart 8 Deluxe",
+"output": "Racing game"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to get the user's current geolocation coordinates.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function getCurrentLocation(callback) {\n if (navigator.geolocation) {\n navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(function(position) {\n callback(position.coords.latitude, position.coords.longitude);\n });\n } else {\n callback(null, null);\n }\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of a heatsink in a gaming PC.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A heatsink dissipates heat away from critical components like the CPU or GPU, preventing overheating and maintaining optimal performance during gaming."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common display connector types for gaming monitors.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. HDMI\n2. DisplayPort\n3. DVI"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to count the number of active users in a 'users' table where status is 'active'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT COUNT() FROM users WHERE status = 'active';"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a solid-state drive (SSD) in a gaming console.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An SSD stores game data and system files, providing faster load times, quicker game installations, and improved overall performance compared to traditional hard drives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay mechanics of 'Rocket League'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Rocket League' is a vehicular soccer game where players control rocket-powered cars to hit a ball into the opposing team's goal, combining driving, jumping, and boosting mechanics."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming phrase into Portuguese: 'Multiplayer mode'.",
+"input": "Multiplayer mode",
+"output": "Modo multijogador"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a turn-based, real-time, or hybrid strategy game: 'Civilization VI'.",
+"input": "Civilization VI",
+"output": "Turn-based strategy game"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to ping a server and return if it is reachable.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import subprocess\ndef is_reachable(host):\n try:\n output = subprocess.check_output(['ping', '-c', '1', host])\n return True\n except subprocess.CalledProcessError:\n return False"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between LAN and WAN in networking.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a limited area like a home or office, while WAN (Wide Area Network) covers larger geographic areas, connecting multiple LANs, such as the internet."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular open-world video games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt\n2. Grand Theft Auto V\n3. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to read the contents of a text file.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import java.nio.file.*;\nimport java.io.IOException;\npublic String readFile(String path) throws IOException {\n return new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(path)));\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main function of a graphics card driver.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A graphics card driver is software that allows the operating system and applications to communicate with the graphics hardware, enabling proper rendering and performance optimization."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the plot of 'Red Dead Redemption 2'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Red Dead Redemption 2' follows Arthur Morgan, a member of the Van der Linde gang, as he navigates the decline of the Wild West, facing lawmen, rival gangs, and internal conflicts, ultimately leading to the gang's downfall."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming term into Chinese: 'Achievement unlocked'.",
+"input": "Achievement unlocked",
+"output": "成就已解锁"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a sandbox, linear, or episodic game: 'Minecraft'.",
+"input": "Minecraft",
+"output": "Sandbox game"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to check if cookies are enabled in the browser.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function areCookiesEnabled() {\n document.cookie = 'testcookie=1';\n var cookiesEnabled = document.cookie.indexOf('testcookie=') !== -1;\n document.cookie = 'testcookie=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC;';\n return cookiesEnabled;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of a capture card for streamers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A capture card records and streams video and audio from gaming consoles or PCs, allowing streamers to broadcast high-quality gameplay footage to platforms like Twitch or YouTube."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common anti-aliasing techniques used in video games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. MSAA (Multisample Anti-Aliasing)\n2. FXAA (Fast Approximate Anti-Aliasing)\n3. TAA (Temporal Anti-Aliasing)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to retrieve all games released after 2020 from a 'games' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM games WHERE release_year > 2020;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a CPU cooler in a gaming PC.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A CPU cooler dissipates heat generated by the processor, maintaining safe operating temperatures and preventing thermal throttling during intensive gaming sessions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay loop of 'Animal Crossing: New Horizons'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Players develop and customize their island, gather resources, build and decorate homes, interact with animal villagers, and participate in seasonal events, creating a relaxing and open-ended gameplay experience."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming phrase into Russian: 'New game'.",
+"input": "New game",
+"output": "Новая игра"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a puzzle, action, or simulation game: 'Tetris'.",
+"input": "Tetris",
+"output": "Puzzle game"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to check if a process is running on a system (Linux).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import subprocess\ndef is_process_running(process_name):\n try:\n output = subprocess.check_output(['pgrep', '-f', process_name])\n return True\n except subprocess.CalledProcessError:\n return False"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between 60Hz and 144Hz monitors for gaming.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A 60Hz monitor refreshes the screen 60 times per second, while a 144Hz monitor refreshes 144 times per second, resulting in smoother motion and improved responsiveness, especially in fast-paced games."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular cloud gaming services.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. NVIDIA GeForce NOW\n2. Xbox Cloud Gaming\n3. Google Stadia"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to get the available free disk space on a drive.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import java.io.File;\npublic long getFreeDiskSpace(String path) {\n File file = new File(path);\n return file.getFreeSpace();\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main function of a network switch in a gaming LAN party.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A network switch connects multiple devices on a local network, allowing fast and direct data transfer between gaming PCs and consoles, reducing latency and improving multiplayer performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the plot of 'The Last of Us Part II'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'The Last of Us Part II' follows Ellie as she seeks revenge after a traumatic event, exploring themes of loss, violence, and forgiveness in a post-apocalyptic world."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming term into Spanish: 'Skill tree'.",
+"input": "Skill tree",
+"output": "Árbol de habilidades"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a roguelike, platformer, or shooter: 'Dead Cells'.",
+"input": "Dead Cells",
+"output": "Roguelike"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to detect the user's operating system.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function getOS() {\n var userAgent = window.navigator.userAgent;\n if (userAgent.indexOf('Windows NT') !== -1) return 'Windows';\n if (userAgent.indexOf('Mac OS X') !== -1) return 'MacOS';\n if (userAgent.indexOf('Linux') !== -1) return 'Linux';\n if (/Android/.test(userAgent)) return 'Android';\n if (/iPhone|iPad|iPod/.test(userAgent)) return 'iOS';\n return 'Unknown';\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the purpose of V-Sync in video games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "V-Sync (Vertical Synchronization) synchronizes the game's frame rate with the monitor's refresh rate to prevent screen tearing, resulting in smoother visuals but sometimes introducing input lag."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common gaming peripherals for accessibility.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Adaptive controllers\n2. One-handed keyboards\n3. Eye-tracking devices"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the average frame rate recorded in a 'benchmark_results' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT AVG(frame_rate) FROM benchmark_results;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of a VR headset's tracking system.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A VR headset's tracking system monitors the position and movement of the headset and controllers in real time, allowing for accurate representation of user actions in the virtual environment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay mechanics of 'Hades'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Hades' is a roguelike dungeon crawler where players control Zagreus, battling through procedurally generated levels, collecting upgrades, and using various weapons to escape the Underworld."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Translate the following gaming phrase into French: 'Loading screen'.",
+"input": "Loading screen",
+"output": "Écran de chargement"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Classify the following as a survival, horror, or adventure game: 'Resident Evil Village'.",
+"input": "Resident Evil Village",
+"output": "Horror game"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the core gameplay of Rec Room and what makes it unique among social VR games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Rec Room is a social VR game where players can create, explore, and play a wide variety of user-generated rooms and activities. It features customizable avatars, cooperative and competitive mini-games, and a strong emphasis on community interaction, making it unique for its creative tools and cross-platform multiplayer support."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain how level creation works in Geometry Dash.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Geometry Dash, players can use the in-game level editor to design custom levels by placing obstacles, platforms, and decorations. The editor allows for precise control over object placement, movement, and triggers, enabling users to create unique and challenging levels that can be shared with the community."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three essential resources in Minecraft and their primary uses.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Wood: Used for crafting tools, building structures, and making planks.\n2. Iron: Used to craft stronger tools, armor, and various machines.\n3. Diamond: Used for the most durable tools and armor, as well as enchanting tables."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay loop of Roblox.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Roblox is a platform where players can join, create, and share games made by other users. The main gameplay loop involves exploring different user-generated worlds, participating in various activities, and using in-game currency to customize avatars and experiences."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the premise of Jujutsu Kaisen and its main character.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Jujutsu Kaisen follows Yuji Itadori, a high school student who becomes involved in the world of sorcerers after ingesting a powerful cursed object. He joins a school for jujutsu sorcerers to fight curses and protect humanity, all while sharing his body with the dangerous spirit Sukuna."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the horror elements that make Bendy and the Ink Machine stand out.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Bendy and the Ink Machine stands out for its unique blend of 1930s cartoon aesthetics and psychological horror. The game features eerie environments, unsettling characters, and a mysterious narrative, creating a sense of dread through jump scares, disturbing imagery, and a haunting soundtrack."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three Marvel superheroes and their primary abilities.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Spider-Man: Wall-crawling, super strength, agility, and web-shooting.\n2. Iron Man: Powered armor suit with flight, advanced weaponry, and AI assistance.\n3. Captain Marvel: Superhuman strength, flight, and energy projection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Compare the leadership styles of Batman and Superman in the DC universe.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Batman leads through strategy, preparation, and fear, often working from the shadows and relying on intellect. Superman leads by example, inspiring hope and trust, and prefers open communication and collaboration. Both are effective but approach leadership from different moral and tactical perspectives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main plot of God of War (2018).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "God of War (2018) follows Kratos and his son Atreus as they journey to fulfill the last wish of Kratos' wife: to scatter her ashes from the highest peak in the realms. Along the way, they face Norse gods and monsters, and Kratos must confront his past while teaching Atreus about strength and responsibility."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the elimination mechanics in Fall Guys.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Fall Guys, players compete in a series of mini-games and obstacle courses. After each round, a set number of players are eliminated based on performance, such as being too slow or failing objectives, until only one player remains and is crowned the winner."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main gameplay style of PUBG.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "PUBG (PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds) is a battle royale shooter where up to 100 players parachute onto an island, scavenge for weapons and equipment, and fight to be the last person or team standing as the play area shrinks over time."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the premise of Adventure Time.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Adventure Time follows Finn, a human boy, and his magical dog Jake as they embark on surreal adventures in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, encountering quirky characters and exploring themes of friendship, heroism, and growing up."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three starter Pokémon from the original Pokémon Red and Blue games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Bulbasaur\n2. Charmander\n3. Squirtle"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the main objective in Hello Neighbor.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main objective in Hello Neighbor is to sneak into your neighbor's house to uncover the secrets hidden in his basement, all while avoiding detection by the neighbor, who adapts to your strategies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe how villagers interact with players in Animal Crossing: New Horizons.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Animal Crossing: New Horizons, villagers are animal characters who live on the player's island. They interact by engaging in conversations, giving gifts, sending letters, and participating in island events, contributing to the game's social and community-driven atmosphere."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the importance of mouthwashing in daily hygiene.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mouthwashing helps reduce bacteria, freshen breath, and prevent gum disease and tooth decay. It complements brushing and flossing by reaching areas in the mouth that may be missed, promoting overall oral health."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the cultural impact of Hatsune Miku.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hatsune Miku, a virtual pop star created using Vocaloid software, has become a global icon in music and digital culture. She has inspired concerts, collaborations, and fan creations, bridging technology and entertainment and influencing the development of virtual performers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the format and premise of Total Drama Island.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Total Drama Island is an animated reality TV parody where teenage contestants compete in outrageous challenges on a remote island. The show features eliminations, alliances, and comedic drama, mimicking real-life reality competition formats."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the basic combat mechanics in Brawlhalla.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Brawlhalla is a platform fighting game where players use light, heavy, and special attacks to damage opponents and knock them off the stage. Each character has unique weapons and moves, and the goal is to score points by eliminating others."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the humor style of South Park.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "South Park is known for its satirical, irreverent, and often controversial humor, tackling social, political, and pop culture topics through crude animation and the misadventures of four boys in a small Colorado town."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the unique gameplay element of ink in Splatoon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Splatoon, players use ink-based weapons to cover surfaces and defeat opponents. Ink serves as both ammunition and a means of movement, allowing players to swim quickly through their team's colored ink and control territory."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the movement mechanics in Gorilla Tag.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gorilla Tag uses VR motion controls where players move by swinging their arms to push off surfaces, simulating the movement of a gorilla. This unique locomotion system creates a physically engaging and immersive experience."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three popular characters from Cookie Run Kingdom.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. GingerBrave\n2. Pure Vanilla Cookie\n3. Dark Choco Cookie"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the gacha system in Genshin Impact.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Genshin Impact uses a gacha system where players spend in-game currency to obtain random characters and weapons. The system features rarity tiers, limited-time banners, and pity mechanics to increase the chances of acquiring rare items."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main premise of The Amazing World of Gumball.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Amazing World of Gumball follows Gumball Watterson, a blue cat, and his adoptive brother Darwin as they navigate the absurd and comedic challenges of life in the fictional city of Elmore, blending various animation styles and surreal humor."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the gameplay of Friday Night Funkin’.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Friday Night Funkin’ is a rhythm game where players press arrow keys in time with music to help the protagonist, Boyfriend, win rap battles against various opponents. Success is measured by accuracy and timing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the rules of the first game in Squid Game.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The first game in Squid Game is 'Red Light, Green Light.' Players must move toward the finish line when 'Green Light' is called and freeze when 'Red Light' is called. Any movement detected during 'Red Light' results in elimination."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main plot of Chainsaw Man.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chainsaw Man follows Denji, a young man who merges with his pet devil Pochita to become Chainsaw Man. He joins a government agency to hunt devils, facing brutal battles and exploring themes of survival, loss, and desire."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of soul resonance in Soul Eater.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Soul resonance in Soul Eater is a technique where a meister and their weapon partner synchronize their souls, amplifying their power and allowing them to perform special attacks against enemies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the deadly games in Alice in Borderland.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Alice in Borderland, participants are forced to compete in deadly games that test intelligence, teamwork, and survival skills. Each game is assigned a playing card indicating its difficulty and type, with failure resulting in death."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main characters from Scooby-Doo! and their roles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Scooby-Doo: The talking Great Dane and main mascot, known for his love of snacks and solving mysteries.\n2. Shaggy Rogers: Scooby's best friend, easily frightened but loyal.\n3. Velma Dinkley: The brains of the group, known for her intelligence and problem-solving skills."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the premise of Big Mouth.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Big Mouth is an animated comedy that explores the awkwardness of adolescence, puberty, and sexuality through the experiences of middle schoolers and their hormone monsters, blending humor with candid discussions of growing up."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the Avatar state in The Legend of Korra.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Avatar State in The Legend of Korra is a powerful condition where the Avatar accesses the knowledge and abilities of all past Avatars, greatly enhancing their bending powers but also making them vulnerable if killed in this state."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main conflict in Voltron: Legendary Defender.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Voltron: Legendary Defender centers on five pilots who unite robotic lions to form Voltron and defend the universe against the evil Galra Empire, led by Emperor Zarkon and later Prince Lotor."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the premise of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Miraculous follows Marinette and Adrien, two Parisian teens who transform into superheroes Ladybug and Cat Noir to protect the city from supervillains created by the mysterious Hawk Moth."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the Upside Down in Stranger Things.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Upside Down is a parallel, dark, and dangerous dimension in Stranger Things, inhabited by monsters like the Demogorgon. It mirrors the real world and poses a threat when its creatures cross over."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main antagonist in Half-Life 2.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main antagonist in Half-Life 2 is the Combine, an interdimensional empire that has conquered Earth and oppresses humanity through advanced technology and brutal enforcement."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the art style and gameplay of Cuphead.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cuphead features a hand-drawn, 1930s cartoon-inspired art style and challenging run-and-gun gameplay focused on boss battles, requiring precise timing and pattern recognition."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of 'mercy' in Undertale.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Undertale, 'mercy' allows players to spare enemies instead of defeating them, leading to different story outcomes and encouraging non-violent solutions to conflicts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the mystery elements in Gravity Falls.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gravity Falls is filled with cryptic messages, hidden codes, and supernatural occurrences. The show follows twins Dipper and Mabel as they uncover the town's secrets and battle strange creatures."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main characters from Dexter’s Laboratory.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Dexter: A boy genius with a secret laboratory.\n2. Dee Dee: Dexter's mischievous older sister who often disrupts his experiments.\n3. Mandark: Dexter's rival and fellow boy genius."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main threat in The Walking Dead series.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main threat in The Walking Dead is the constant danger from zombies (walkers) and the breakdown of society, with survivors facing both the undead and hostile human groups."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the honor system in Red Dead Redemption 2.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The honor system in Red Dead Redemption 2 tracks the player's moral choices, affecting how NPCs react, story outcomes, and the availability of certain missions and rewards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main ninja team in LEGO Ninjago.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main ninja team in LEGO Ninjago consists of Kai, Jay, Cole, Zane, Lloyd, and Nya, each with unique elemental powers, who protect Ninjago from various villains."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the humor style of Rick and Morty.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Rick and Morty uses dark, absurd, and often meta-humor, blending science fiction concepts with satirical takes on family, society, and existentialism."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main characters from Bleach and their abilities.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Ichigo Kurosaki: Wields a Zanpakuto and has both Soul Reaper and Hollow powers.\n2. Rukia Kuchiki: Skilled with ice-based Zanpakuto abilities.\n3. Renji Abarai: Uses a flexible, whip-like Zanpakuto called Zabimaru."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of fusion in Steven Universe.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fusion in Steven Universe is the process where two or more Gems combine to form a single, more powerful entity, symbolizing relationships and teamwork."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main antagonist in Baldi’s Basics.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main antagonist in Baldi’s Basics is Baldi, a strict teacher who chases the player through a school, punishing mistakes in math problems with increasing speed and difficulty."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the journey of Naruto Uzumaki.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Naruto Uzumaki starts as an outcast ninja seeking recognition and dreams of becoming Hokage. Through perseverance, friendship, and overcoming adversity, he grows into a powerful leader and hero of his village."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main students from My Hero Academia and their quirks.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Izuku Midoriya: One For All (super strength and agility)\n2. Katsuki Bakugo: Explosion (creates explosions from sweat)\n3. Shoto Todoroki: Half-Cold Half-Hot (controls ice and fire)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the endless runner mechanics in Subway Surfers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Subway Surfers, players control a character running through train tracks, dodging obstacles and collecting coins. The game speeds up over time, and the run ends when the player crashes into an obstacle."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the physics-based puzzles in Human Fall Flat.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Human Fall Flat features open-ended, physics-based puzzles where players manipulate objects, climb, and interact with the environment to solve challenges and progress through levels."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the gameplay of Gang Beasts.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gang Beasts is a multiplayer party game where players control gelatinous characters in slapstick brawls, trying to throw opponents off platforms in hazardous environments."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the cooperative gameplay in Overcooked!.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Overcooked! is a cooperative cooking game where players work together to prepare and serve dishes under time pressure, requiring communication and coordination to manage chaotic kitchens."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main characters from Teen Titans Go! and their powers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Robin: Skilled martial artist and leader.\n2. Starfire: Alien with flight and energy projection.\n3. Raven: Uses dark magic and telekinesis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main gameplay loop of Plants vs. Zombies.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Players place different types of plants with unique abilities to defend their home from waves of zombies, managing resources and strategy to survive each level."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the crossover concept in Multiversus.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Multiversus is a platform fighting game featuring characters from various Warner Bros. franchises, allowing players to battle as their favorite heroes and villains in crossover matchups."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main features of EA Sports’s FIFA series.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "EA Sports’s FIFA series offers realistic soccer simulation, featuring licensed teams, players, and stadiums, various game modes like Career and Ultimate Team, and online multiplayer."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the crafting and exploration in Terraria.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Terraria is a sandbox adventure game where players mine resources, craft items, build structures, and explore procedurally generated worlds filled with enemies and bosses."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the escape mechanics in The Escapists.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In The Escapists, players assume the role of a prisoner and must plan and execute escapes from various prisons by gathering resources, crafting tools, and following routines to avoid suspicion."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the life simulation aspects of The Sims.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Sims allows players to create and control virtual people, managing their daily activities, relationships, careers, and home environments in an open-ended life simulation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the agent system in Valorant.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Valorant features a roster of agents, each with unique abilities and roles, such as Duelist, Controller, Initiator, and Sentinel. Players select agents to form teams and use their skills strategically in tactical shooter matches."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the treasure hunting mechanics in Uncharted.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Uncharted is an action-adventure series where players control Nathan Drake, exploring ancient ruins, solving puzzles, and engaging in combat while searching for legendary treasures."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main story of The Last of Us.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Last of Us follows Joel and Ellie as they journey across a post-apocalyptic United States, facing infected creatures and hostile survivors, while forming a deep bond and confronting moral dilemmas."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the cooperative gameplay in It Takes Two.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "It Takes Two is a co-op adventure where two players control Cody and May, a couple turned into dolls, solving puzzles and overcoming obstacles together to repair their relationship."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the unique hero shooter mechanics in FragPunk.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "FragPunk is a hero shooter where players select unique characters with special abilities and weapons, competing in fast-paced matches that emphasize team strategy and individual skill."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the premise of Hazbin Hotel.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hazbin Hotel is an animated series about Charlie, the princess of Hell, who opens a hotel to rehabilitate demons and reduce overpopulation, facing challenges from both guests and Hell’s rulers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the horror elements in Chucky (Child’s Play franchise).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Chucky features a possessed doll that terrorizes victims with violence and dark humor. The franchise blends slasher horror with supernatural elements and satirical commentary."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the escape strategies in Prison Break.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Prison Break follows Michael Scofield as he devises intricate plans to break his brother out of prison, using engineering skills, hidden tattoos, and alliances with other inmates."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main plot of Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The film follows Captain Jack Sparrow as he teams up with Will Turner to rescue Elizabeth Swann from cursed pirates led by Hector Barbossa, who seek to lift their undead curse."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the challenging platforming in Hollow Knight.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hollow Knight features precise platforming, requiring players to navigate hazardous environments, avoid traps, and use abilities like double jump and dash to progress through interconnected areas."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the dragon-rider bond in How to Train Your Dragon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In How to Train Your Dragon, the bond between dragon and rider is built on trust, respect, and mutual understanding, allowing them to work together in flight and battle."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the premise of The Hunger Games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Hunger Games is set in a dystopian future where children are chosen to fight to the death in a televised event, with protagonist Katniss Everdeen challenging the oppressive system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main Power Rangers teams and their themes.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: Dinosaurs and prehistoric creatures.\n2. Power Rangers SPD: Space police and futuristic technology.\n3. Power Rangers Ninja Storm: Ninjas and elemental powers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the Titans in Attack on Titan.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Titans are giant humanoid creatures that threaten humanity by attacking and devouring people. They vary in size and abilities, with some possessing intelligence and unique powers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the transformation process of Autobots in Transformers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Autobots are sentient robots that can transform into vehicles or machinery, allowing them to disguise themselves and adapt to different environments during battles."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the gameplay of Marvel Rivals.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Marvel Rivals is a team-based action game where players choose Marvel heroes and villains, each with unique abilities, to compete in objective-based matches."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the combo system in Street Fighter.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Street Fighter features a combo system where players chain together attacks in quick succession, maximizing damage and creating opportunities for advanced strategies."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the tournament structure in Tekken.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Tekken tournaments typically use a double-elimination bracket, where players compete in best-of-three matches, advancing through winners and losers brackets until a champion is crowned."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main gameplay of Doom (2016).",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doom (2016) is a fast-paced first-person shooter where players battle demons using a variety of weapons and melee attacks, focusing on aggressive movement and combat."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the open-world exploration in Elden Ring.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Elden Ring offers a vast, interconnected open world filled with secrets, dungeons, and challenging enemies. Players can explore on foot or horseback, discovering lore and customizing their character."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the main invention Doraemon uses to help Nobita and its purpose.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doraemon frequently uses the 'Anywhere Door,' a pink door that allows the user to instantly travel to any location they imagine. Its purpose is to help Nobita solve problems, escape trouble, or go on adventures by providing instant access to any place."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the relationship between Doraemon and Nobita.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doraemon is a robotic cat sent from the future to help Nobita Nobi, a clumsy and unlucky boy, improve his life and avoid future misfortunes. Their relationship is like that of close friends or siblings, with Doraemon acting as a mentor and protector, often using futuristic gadgets to assist Nobita."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three common gadgets Doraemon uses and their effects.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Take-copter: A small propeller that attaches to the head, allowing the user to fly.\n2. Time Machine: A device that enables time travel to the past or future.\n3. Small Light: A flashlight that shrinks objects or people when shined on them."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the main goal of Doraemon’s missions in the series.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doraemon’s main goal is to help Nobita overcome his daily struggles, improve his grades, and develop better habits, ultimately changing Nobita’s future for the better and preventing his descendants from suffering."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of Shizuka in Doraemon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Shizuka is Nobita’s kind and intelligent classmate, often serving as his friend and moral support. She is the object of Nobita’s affection and frequently participates in the group’s adventures, encouraging Nobita to do his best."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the typical structure of a Doraemon episode.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A typical Doraemon episode begins with Nobita facing a problem or challenge. Doraemon provides a gadget to help, but Nobita often misuses it, leading to humorous or chaotic situations. The episode usually ends with a lesson learned or the restoration of normalcy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the significance of Doraemon’s bell and pocket.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doraemon’s bell, worn around his neck, is a symbol of his identity as a robot cat. His four-dimensional pocket is a magical storage space from which he can pull out an endless variety of futuristic gadgets to help Nobita."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three recurring themes in Doraemon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Friendship and loyalty\n2. The consequences of laziness or misuse of technology\n3. The importance of learning from mistakes"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the rivalry between Nobita and Suneo in Doraemon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Suneo often teases and shows off to Nobita, making him feel inferior. Their rivalry is a recurring source of conflict, but it also motivates Nobita to seek Doraemon’s help and try to prove himself."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain how Doraemon’s gadgets often lead to unintended consequences.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "While Doraemon’s gadgets are meant to solve problems, Nobita’s misuse or overreliance on them often causes chaos, misunderstandings, or new problems, teaching lessons about responsibility and the limits of technology."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three types of Pokémon and their strengths.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Water-type: Strong against Fire, Ground, and Rock types.\n2. Electric-type: Strong against Water and Flying types.\n3. Grass-type: Strong against Water, Ground, and Rock types."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the evolution mechanic in Pokémon games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Pokémon games, evolution is a process where a Pokémon transforms into a more powerful form, often gaining new abilities and improved stats. Evolution can occur through leveling up, using special items, trading, or meeting specific conditions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the role of Gym Leaders in Pokémon games.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gym Leaders are powerful trainers who specialize in a particular Pokémon type. Players must defeat them in battles to earn Gym Badges, which are required to progress in the game and challenge the Pokémon League."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the main objective of Pokémon trainers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main objective of Pokémon trainers is to catch, train, and battle Pokémon to become the Champion of the Pokémon League, while also completing the Pokédex by collecting all available Pokémon species."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three legendary Pokémon and their regions.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Mewtwo – Kanto\n2. Lugia – Johto\n3. Rayquaza – Hoenn"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the concept of Pokémon types and type advantages.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Pokémon types categorize each Pokémon and their moves, such as Fire, Water, or Grass. Each type has strengths and weaknesses against others, creating a rock-paper-scissors dynamic that affects battle outcomes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the function of Poké Balls in the Pokémon universe.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Poké Balls are devices used by trainers to catch and store Pokémon. They allow trainers to carry Pokémon with them, summon them for battles, and keep them safe when not in use."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Summarize the role of Team Rocket in the Pokémon anime.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Team Rocket is a villainous group led by Jessie, James, and Meowth, who repeatedly try to steal rare Pokémon, especially Pikachu. Their schemes often fail, providing comic relief and obstacles for the main characters."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the difference between wild Pokémon encounters and trainer battles.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Wild Pokémon encounters occur randomly in grass, caves, or water, allowing players to catch new Pokémon. Trainer battles are planned encounters with other trainers, where the goal is to defeat their team for experience and rewards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List three main characters from the Pokémon anime and their partner Pokémon.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "1. Ash Ketchum – Pikachu\n2. Misty – Psyduck (and Starmie)\n3. Brock – Onix (and Geodude)"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is the current year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The current year is 2026."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the current month?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The current month is January."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What date is it today?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Today is January 24, 2026."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What day of the week is it?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Today is Saturday."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List all the months of the year in order.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "List all the days of the week in order.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many hours are there in a day?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 24 hours in a day."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many days are there in a week?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 7 days in a week."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many months are there in a year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 12 months in a year."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many days are there in a leap year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A leap year has 366 days."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many days are there in a non-leap year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A non-leap year has 365 days."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many minutes are there in an hour?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 60 minutes in an hour."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many seconds are there in a minute?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 60 seconds in a minute."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many seconds are there in an hour?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 3,600 seconds in an hour."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many hours are there in a week?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 168 hours in a week."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many weeks are there in a year?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are 52 weeks in a year."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Doraemon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Doraemon is a blue robotic cat from the 22nd century who travels back in time to help a boy named Nobita Nobi. He is known for his four-dimensional pocket, which contains futuristic gadgets used to solve everyday problems."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Nobita?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Nobita Nobi is a kind-hearted but lazy and unlucky boy who often struggles with school and life. He is the main human character in the Doraemon series and receives help from Doraemon to overcome his challenges."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Gian?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gian, whose real name is Takeshi Gouda, is a strong and often intimidating boy in the Doraemon series. He is known for his love of singing (despite being tone-deaf) and for bullying Nobita and his friends, though he also shows loyalty and bravery."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Suneo?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Suneo Honekawa is a clever and boastful boy in the Doraemon series. He often shows off his wealth and possessions, sometimes teaming up with Gian to tease Nobita, but he is also part of the main friend group."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Shizuka?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Shizuka Minamoto is a smart, kind, and gentle girl in the Doraemon series. She is Nobita's close friend and often encourages him to do his best. Shizuka is also Nobita's future wife according to the story."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who is Dorami?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Dorami is Doraemon's younger sister, also a robot cat from the future. She is cheerful, responsible, and often helps Nobita and Doraemon when they are in trouble."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a knowledge cutoff in AI models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A knowledge cutoff is the date after which an AI model no longer has access to new information. For example, if a model's knowledge cutoff is June 2024, it will not know about events or developments that occurred after that date."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is your knowledge cutoff?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "My knowledge cutoff is June 2024. I do not have information about events or updates that happened after that time."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What major global event began in 2020 and affected the entire world?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020, leading to widespread health, economic, and social impacts across the globe."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who won the 2020 United States presidential election?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Joe Biden won the 2020 United States presidential election."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What was the name of the Mars rover launched by NASA in 2020?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Mars rover launched by NASA in 2020 is called Perseverance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country hosted the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics, and in what year were they held?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Japan hosted the delayed 2020 Summer Olympics, which were held in 2021 in Tokyo."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the name of the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNTech is called BNT162b2, commonly known as the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine or Comirnaty."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major event happened at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "On January 6, 2021, the U.S. Capitol was stormed by rioters attempting to overturn the results of the 2020 presidential election."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which streaming service released the popular series 'Squid Game' in 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Netflix released the popular series 'Squid Game' in 2021."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the name of the spacecraft that became the first to fly a helicopter on Mars in 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Ingenuity helicopter, carried by the Perseverance rover, became the first aircraft to fly on Mars in 2021."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which cryptocurrency reached an all-time high price in November 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Bitcoin reached an all-time high price in November 2021."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major climate conference was held in Glasgow in 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference, known as COP26, was held in Glasgow, Scotland."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country won the 2022 FIFA World Cup?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Argentina won the 2022 FIFA World Cup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What significant event occurred in the United Kingdom in September 2022?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Queen Elizabeth II passed away in September 2022, and Charles III became king."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the name of the AI chatbot released by OpenAI in late 2022?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OpenAI released ChatGPT in late 2022."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which movie won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Everything Everywhere All at Once won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major video game console was released by Sony in late 2020?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sony released the PlayStation 5 (PS5) in late 2020."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which NASA mission returned samples from the asteroid Bennu in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The OSIRIS-REx mission returned samples from the asteroid Bennu in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the name of the generative AI image tool released by OpenAI in 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OpenAI released DALL·E, a generative AI image tool, in 2021."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country became the first to approve a COVID-19 pill for at-home treatment in 2021?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The United Kingdom became the first country to approve a COVID-19 pill for at-home treatment in 2021."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major event did NASA’s Artemis I mission accomplish in 2022?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "NASA’s Artemis I mission successfully launched an uncrewed spacecraft around the Moon and returned it to Earth in 2022, marking a major step toward returning humans to the Moon."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which social media platform was acquired by Elon Musk in 2022?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Elon Musk acquired Twitter in 2022."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What major AI model was released by OpenAI in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OpenAI released GPT-4, a large multimodal language model, in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sweden won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2023 with the song 'Tattoo' performed by Loreen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What significant event happened in France in 2023 related to pension reform?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In 2023, France experienced widespread protests and strikes in response to government plans to raise the retirement age as part of pension reform."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which movie became the highest-grossing film worldwide in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Barbie became the highest-grossing film worldwide in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major video game won Game of the Year at The Game Awards 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Baldur's Gate 3 won Game of the Year at The Game Awards 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which NASA mission launched in 2023 to study Jupiter’s moon Europa?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "NASA launched the Europa Clipper mission in 2023 to study Jupiter’s moon Europa."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major sporting event was held in Paris in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 2024 Summer Olympics were held in Paris, France."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country won the 2023 Cricket World Cup?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Australia won the 2023 Cricket World Cup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What was the name of the Apple mixed reality headset announced in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Apple announced the Apple Vision Pro mixed reality headset in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country became the first to land a spacecraft near the Moon’s south pole in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "India became the first country to land a spacecraft near the Moon’s south pole with its Chandrayaan-3 mission in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major generative AI tool did Google release in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Google released Bard, a generative AI chatbot, in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which pop star released the record-breaking 'Eras Tour' in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Taylor Swift launched the record-breaking 'Eras Tour' in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major event occurred in the U.S. House of Representatives in October 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In October 2023, the U.S. House of Representatives removed Kevin McCarthy as Speaker, marking the first time a Speaker was ousted by a vote."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country hosted the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Australia and New Zealand co-hosted the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major climate agreement was reached at COP28 in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "At COP28 in 2023, countries agreed to transition away from fossil fuels and increase investments in renewable energy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which video game console received a major hardware revision in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The PlayStation 5 received a major hardware revision with the release of the PS5 Slim in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What significant event happened in the banking sector in March 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In March 2023, Silicon Valley Bank collapsed, marking the largest U.S. bank failure since 2008 and triggering concerns in the financial sector."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country won the 2024 AFC Asian Cup?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Qatar won the 2024 AFC Asian Cup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major streaming series based on a video game was released in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Last of Us TV series, based on the video game, was released by HBO in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the knowledge cutoff for GPT-4 as of this dataset?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The knowledge cutoff for GPT-4 as of this dataset is September 2021, and the knowledge cutoff of this dataset is June 2024, which is 2024-06."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Which country hosted the 2024 G7 Summit?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Italy hosted the 2024 G7 Summit."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major scientific mission did SpaceX launch in the first half of 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SpaceX launched the Polaris Dawn mission, aiming for the first commercial spacewalk, in the first half of 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major global sporting event took place in Paris in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 2024 Summer Olympics took place in Paris, France."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major update did Google announce for Android in early 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Google announced Android 15, featuring improved privacy controls and AI-powered features, in early 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major electric vehicle company announced a new gigafactory in India in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Tesla announced plans to build a new gigafactory in India in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major international agreement was signed at COP29 in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "At COP29 in 2024, countries signed a new agreement to accelerate the transition to renewable energy and reduce global carbon emissions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major video game franchise released a new installment in early 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Final Fantasy franchise released Final Fantasy XVII in early 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major breakthrough in cancer research was announced in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In 2024, researchers announced a new targeted therapy that significantly improved survival rates for certain types of cancer."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which country won the 2024 Eurovision Song Contest?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Switzerland won the 2024 Eurovision Song Contest."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major AI safety initiative was launched by the United Nations in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The United Nations launched the Global AI Safety Framework in 2024 to promote responsible AI development and international cooperation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major tech company announced a new AI-powered search engine in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Microsoft announced a new AI-powered search engine, integrating advanced language models, in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major environmental disaster occurred in the first half of 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A major oil spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico in early 2024, prompting international environmental response efforts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major streaming platform launched a new global subscription tier in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Netflix launched a new global ad-supported subscription tier in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major international sporting event did the United States host in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The United States hosted the 2024 Copa América football tournament."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major smartphone manufacturer introduced a foldable phone in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Samsung introduced the Galaxy Z Fold 6, a new foldable phone, in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major global health initiative was launched in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The World Health Organization launched the Global Pandemic Preparedness Initiative in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major film festival awarded its top prize to a Japanese film in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Cannes Film Festival awarded its top prize, the Palme d'Or, to a Japanese film in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What major update did OpenAI release for ChatGPT in the first half of 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OpenAI released ChatGPT with enhanced voice and image capabilities in the first half of 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which major European country held a general election in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The United Kingdom held a general election in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the knowledge cutoff for this AI model as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The knowledge cutoff for this AI model is June 2024."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "Which film won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2023?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Everything Everywhere All at Once won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2023."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main plot of the 2023 film 'Barbie'?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Barbie' (2023) follows Barbie as she leaves Barbieland and ventures into the real world, exploring themes of identity, self-discovery, and societal expectations."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who played the lead role in 'Oppenheimer' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Cillian Murphy played the lead role of J. Robert Oppenheimer in 'Oppenheimer' (2023)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which animated film won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse' won the Oscar for Best Animated Feature in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the premise of 'The Marvels' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'The Marvels' (2023) brings together Captain Marvel, Ms. Marvel, and Monica Rambeau as they team up to face a cosmic threat, with their powers becoming entangled."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2023 film is based on a popular Nintendo video game franchise?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'The Super Mario Bros. Movie' (2023) is based on the popular Nintendo video game franchise."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who directed 'Killers of the Flower Moon' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Martin Scorsese directed 'Killers of the Flower Moon' (2023)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main storyline of 'Dune: Part Two' (2024)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Dune: Part Two' (2024) continues Paul Atreides' journey as he unites the Fremen and seeks revenge against House Harkonnen, aiming to fulfill his destiny on Arrakis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2023 film is a biopic about a famous physicist?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Oppenheimer' (2023) is a biopic about J. Robert Oppenheimer, the scientist who led the Manhattan Project."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who starred as Ken in 'Barbie' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Ryan Gosling starred as Ken in 'Barbie' (2023)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the plot of 'Wonka' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Wonka' (2023) is a musical fantasy film that explores the origin story of Willy Wonka and his early adventures before opening his famous chocolate factory."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2024 film released in March?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Kung Fu Panda 4 (2024), released March 8, 2024 in the United States."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the premise of 'Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One' (2023) follows Ethan Hunt and his team as they face a new global threat involving advanced technology and betrayal."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2023 film is a musical adaptation of a classic novel by Alice Walker?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'The Color Purple' (2023) is a musical adaptation of the classic novel by Alice Walker."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who played Ariel in Disney’s live-action 'The Little Mermaid' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Halle Bailey played Ariel in Disney’s live-action 'The Little Mermaid' (2023)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main theme of 'Past Lives' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Past Lives' (2023) explores themes of love, fate, and the passage of time as two childhood friends reunite years later and reflect on their lives."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2024 film is a new installment in the 'Ghostbusters' franchise?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire' (2024) is a new installment in the 'Ghostbusters' franchise."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the plot of 'Inside Out 2' (2024)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Inside Out 2' (2024) continues the story of Riley as she navigates new emotions and challenges during her teenage years."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Who directed 'Poor Things' (2023)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Yorgos Lanthimos directed 'Poor Things' (2023)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which 2023 film is a horror sequel featuring the character Ghostface?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "'Scream VI' (2023) is a horror sequel featuring the character Ghostface."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is the most recent iPhone model released as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The most recent iPhone model released as of June 2024 is the iPhone 16."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company manufactures the Galaxy S24 smartphone?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Samsung manufactures the Galaxy S24 smartphone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What operating system does the Google Pixel 8 run?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Google Pixel 8 runs on Android 14."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which smartphone brand released the Find X7 Pro in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Oppo released the Find X7 Pro in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main difference between iOS and Android operating systems?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "iOS is developed by Apple exclusively for its devices, offering a closed ecosystem and tight integration with Apple services. Android is developed by Google, is open source, and is used by a wide range of manufacturers, allowing for more customization."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company produces the OnePlus 12 smartphone?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OnePlus produces the OnePlus 12 smartphone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the latest version of iOS as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The latest version of iOS as of June 2024 is iOS 18."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is used by Samsung Galaxy phones?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Samsung Galaxy phones use the Android operating system, with Samsung's One UI skin."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main feature of the iPhone 16 Pro Max?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The iPhone 16 Pro Max features an upgraded camera system with advanced AI photography, a faster A18 chip, and a larger, brighter display."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company released the Magic6 Pro smartphone in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Honor released the Magic6 Pro smartphone in 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the primary operating system for Huawei smartphones in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The primary operating system for Huawei smartphones in 2024 is HarmonyOS."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which phone brand is known for its OxygenOS interface?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "OnePlus is known for its OxygenOS interface."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the latest version of Android as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The latest version of Android as of June 2024 is Android 15."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company manufactures the Xperia 1 VI smartphone?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Sony manufactures the Xperia 1 VI smartphone."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main advantage of foldable phones like the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Foldable phones like the Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 6 offer a larger, flexible display that can be folded for portability, combining the benefits of a phone and a tablet in one device."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is used by Apple iPhones?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Apple iPhones use the iOS operating system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main feature of Google's Pixel 8 Pro?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Google Pixel 8 Pro features advanced AI-powered photography, a Tensor G3 chip, and a high-refresh-rate OLED display."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company produces the Moto Edge 50 Ultra?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Motorola produces the Moto Edge 50 Ultra."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main difference between stock Android and manufacturer skins like One UI or MIUI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Stock Android is the pure version of Android as developed by Google, while manufacturer skins like One UI (Samsung) or MIUI (Xiaomi) add custom features, design changes, and additional apps on top of the base Android system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company released the Zenfone 11 Ultra in 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Asus released the Zenfone 11 Ultra in 2024."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is the latest version of Windows as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The latest version of Windows as of June 2024 is Windows 12."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company manufactures the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Apple manufactures the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What operating system do most Lenovo ThinkPad laptops use by default?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Most Lenovo ThinkPad laptops use Windows as the default operating system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is exclusive to Apple laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "macOS is exclusive to Apple laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main feature of the MacBook Pro with M3 chip?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The MacBook Pro with M3 chip features improved performance and energy efficiency, advanced AI processing, and a high-resolution Liquid Retina XDR display."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company produces the XPS series of laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Dell produces the XPS series of laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the primary operating system for Chromebooks?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The primary operating system for Chromebooks is ChromeOS."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company manufactures the Surface Laptop series?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Microsoft manufactures the Surface Laptop series."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main difference between Windows and macOS?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Windows is developed by Microsoft and is used by a wide range of PC manufacturers, offering broad compatibility and customization. macOS is developed by Apple and is exclusive to Mac computers, known for its integration with Apple’s ecosystem and user-friendly interface."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is commonly used for gaming laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Windows is the most commonly used operating system for gaming laptops due to its compatibility with a wide range of games and hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main feature of the Dell XPS 13 Plus?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Dell XPS 13 Plus features a borderless InfinityEdge display, a capacitive touch function row, and a sleek, minimalist design."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company produces the ROG Zephyrus gaming laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "ASUS produces the ROG Zephyrus gaming laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the latest version of macOS as of June 2024?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The latest version of macOS as of June 2024 is macOS Sequoia."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is designed for lightweight, web-based computing?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "ChromeOS is designed for lightweight, web-based computing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main advantage of laptops with ARM-based processors like Apple Silicon?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Laptops with ARM-based processors, such as Apple Silicon, offer improved battery life, efficient performance, and seamless integration with mobile and desktop apps."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company manufactures the Yoga series of 2-in-1 laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Lenovo manufactures the Yoga series of 2-in-1 laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main feature of the Microsoft Surface Laptop Studio?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Microsoft Surface Laptop Studio features a flexible hinge design, allowing the screen to be positioned in multiple modes for creative work, presentations, and traditional laptop use."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which operating system is open source and widely used for development and servers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Linux is an open source operating system widely used for development, servers, and some laptops."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main difference between ChromeOS and Windows?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "ChromeOS is a lightweight, cloud-based operating system focused on web applications, while Windows is a full-featured OS supporting a wide range of software and hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which company produces the Gram series of ultra-light laptops?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "LG produces the Gram series of ultra-light laptops."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is a meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A meme is a piece of media, often humorous, that spreads rapidly online, typically in the form of images, videos, or text, and is shared and adapted by internet users."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the 'Distracted Boyfriend' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Distracted Boyfriend' meme features a stock photo of a man looking at another woman while his girlfriend looks on disapprovingly. It is used to represent someone being tempted by a new interest while ignoring their current commitment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the origin of the 'Woman Yelling at a Cat' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Woman Yelling at a Cat' meme combines a scene from 'The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' with a photo of a confused-looking cat named Smudge sitting at a dinner table. The format is used to depict humorous arguments or misunderstandings."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the 'This Is Fine' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'This Is Fine' meme comes from a webcomic by KC Green, showing a dog sitting calmly in a burning room, saying 'This is fine.' It is used to humorously express denial or acceptance in the face of disaster."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Among Us' meme and why did it become popular?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Among Us' meme is based on the multiplayer game 'Among Us,' where players identify impostors. The game's characters and the word 'sus' (suspicious) became widely used in memes to describe anything suspicious or out of place."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the 'NPC' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'NPC' meme refers to people who are perceived as lacking independent thought, likening them to non-playable characters in video games who follow scripted behaviors. It is often used to mock conformity or unoriginal opinions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Cheems' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Cheems' meme features a Shiba Inu dog with a humorous, misspelled speech pattern. Cheems is often depicted as awkward or relatable, and is commonly paired with the 'Doge' meme."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the 'Drake Hotline Bling' meme format.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Drake Hotline Bling' meme uses two images of rapper Drake from his music video: one rejecting something with a hand gesture, and the other approving something with a smile. It is used to compare preferences or choices."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Is This a Pigeon?' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Is This a Pigeon?' meme comes from a scene in the anime 'The Brave Fighter of Sun Fighbird,' where a character mistakes a butterfly for a pigeon. The image is used to humorously highlight misunderstandings or misidentifications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the 'Loss' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Loss' meme references a 2008 webcomic strip from 'Ctrl+Alt+Del' depicting a miscarriage. The comic's panel structure became a meme, with people recreating its layout in abstract or humorous ways."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Two Buttons' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Two Buttons' meme shows a cartoon character sweating while deciding between two labeled buttons. It is used to represent difficult choices or dilemmas."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the 'Expanding Brain' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Expanding Brain' meme features a series of images showing brains increasing in size and brightness, each representing a supposedly more advanced or enlightened idea, often used ironically."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Surprised Pikachu' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Surprised Pikachu' meme uses an image of Pikachu with a shocked expression, typically to react to predictable outcomes or ironic situations."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the 'Galaxy Brain' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Galaxy Brain' meme is similar to 'Expanding Brain,' showing increasingly complex or absurd ideas as the brain illustration becomes more cosmic, often used to mock overthinking or pseudo-intellectualism."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'No One: Absolutely No One:' meme format?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'No One: Absolutely No One:' meme sets up a scenario where nobody asks for something, followed by a character or group doing something unexpected or unnecessary, highlighting randomness or overreaction."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the 'Gru's Plan' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Gru's Plan' meme uses four panels from 'Despicable Me' showing Gru presenting a plan, with the third panel often humorously altered to show an unexpected or failed outcome."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Crying Wojak' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Crying Wojak' meme features a crudely drawn character with tears, used to express frustration, sadness, or mock emotional reactions, often paired with other meme characters."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Explain the 'Sigma Male' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Sigma Male' meme refers to a man who is independent and self-reliant, often depicted as an alternative to the 'Alpha Male.' It is used both seriously and ironically to describe lone-wolf behavior."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'NPC Wojak' meme?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'NPC Wojak' meme combines the Wojak character with the NPC meme, showing a blank, expressionless face to represent people who follow the crowd or lack original thought."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Describe the 'Chad vs. Virgin' meme.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'Chad vs. Virgin' meme contrasts two characters: 'Chad,' who is confident and successful, and 'Virgin,' who is awkward and insecure. It is used to humorously compare behaviors or choices."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is artificial intelligence (AI)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Machine learning is a subset of AI that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed for each task."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a neural network?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A neural network is a computational model inspired by the human brain, consisting of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process information in layers to recognize patterns and make predictions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is natural language processing (NLP)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Natural language processing (NLP) is a field of AI focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a large language model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A large language model is an AI system trained on vast amounts of text data to understand and generate human-like language, answer questions, and perform various language-related tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is supervised learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Supervised learning is a machine learning approach where a model is trained on labeled data, meaning each input has a known output, allowing the model to learn to predict outcomes for new data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is unsupervised learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Unsupervised learning is a machine learning approach where a model is trained on data without labeled outputs, aiming to find patterns, groupings, or structures within the data."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is reinforcement learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in an environment to maximize cumulative rewards."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Turing Test?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Turing Test is a measure of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior indistinguishable from that of a human, proposed by Alan Turing in 1950."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is prompt engineering?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Prompt engineering is the practice of designing and refining input prompts to guide AI models, especially language models, to produce more accurate, relevant, or creative outputs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a knowledge cutoff in AI models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A knowledge cutoff is the date after which an AI model no longer has access to new information. The model's responses are based on data available up to that cutoff date."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the knowledge cutoff for this AI model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The knowledge cutoff for this AI model is June 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the dataset you were trained on?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "I was trained on the Training Set dataset, which has a cutoff of June 2024."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is transfer learning in AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transfer learning is a technique where a model developed for one task is reused as the starting point for a model on a second, related task, improving efficiency and performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is fine-tuning in machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Fine-tuning is the process of taking a pre-trained model and training it further on a specific dataset to adapt it to a particular task or domain."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is an AI hallucination?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An AI hallucination occurs when an AI model generates information or answers that are plausible-sounding but factually incorrect or entirely fabricated."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between AI and AGI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "AI (artificial intelligence) refers to systems designed for specific tasks, while AGI (artificial general intelligence) refers to a hypothetical AI with the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a wide range of tasks at a human level."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a training set in machine learning?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A training set is a collection of data used to teach a machine learning model, allowing it to learn patterns and relationships for making predictions or decisions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is model evaluation in AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Model evaluation is the process of assessing how well an AI or machine learning model performs on unseen data, using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of data augmentation in AI training?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Data augmentation involves creating modified versions of existing data to increase the diversity and size of the training set, helping improve model robustness and generalization."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is GPT-4?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GPT-4 is a large multimodal language model developed by OpenAI, capable of understanding and generating human-like text and processing images. It is the fourth generation of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer series."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is ChatGPT?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "ChatGPT is a conversational AI model developed by OpenAI, based on the GPT architecture, designed to generate human-like responses in dialogue and answer questions across a wide range of topics."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is DALL·E?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "DALL·E is an AI model developed by OpenAI that generates images from textual descriptions, allowing users to create original artwork and visual content from prompts."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Gemini?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gemini (formerly Bard) is a family of large language models developed by Google DeepMind, designed for advanced natural language understanding and generation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Claude?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Claude is a conversational AI model developed by Anthropic, focused on safe, helpful, and honest dialogue, and is used in various chat and productivity applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Llama 2?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Llama 2 is a large language model developed by Meta (Facebook), designed for open research and commercial use, with capabilities in text generation and understanding."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is PaLM 2?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "PaLM 2 is a large language model developed by Google, known for its advanced reasoning, coding, and multilingual capabilities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Stable Diffusion?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Stable Diffusion is an open-source AI model for generating images from text prompts, developed by Stability AI, and widely used for creative and artistic applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Midjourney?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Midjourney is an independent research lab and AI model that generates high-quality images from text prompts, popular among artists and designers for its unique visual style."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Bard?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Bard (now Gemini) is a conversational AI chatbot developed by Google, powered by large language models like PaLM 2 and Gemini, designed for information retrieval and creative tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Ernie Bot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Ernie Bot is a large language model and conversational AI developed by Baidu, designed for Chinese language understanding and generation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Mistral?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mistral is a family of open-source large language models developed by Mistral AI, focused on efficient and high-quality text generation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Falcon LLM?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Falcon LLM is a large language model developed by the Technology Innovation Institute in Abu Dhabi, designed for open research and commercial applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Orca?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Orca is a language model developed by Microsoft Research, designed to improve reasoning and instruction-following capabilities in AI systems."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Vicuna?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Vicuna is an open-source conversational language model based on LLaMA, developed by researchers at UC Berkeley and collaborators, optimized for dialogue and chat applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Alpaca?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Alpaca is a LLaMA-based language model fine-tuned by Stanford using a custom instruction dataset for research on instruction-following behavior."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is WizardLM?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "WizardLM is a family of large language models fine-tuned for instruction-following and reasoning, developed by Microsoft Research."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Phi-3?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Phi-3 is a small, efficient language model developed by Microsoft, designed for on-device and resource-constrained environments."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Grok?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Grok is a conversational AI model developed by xAI, designed for real-time information retrieval and dialogue, and integrated with the X (formerly Twitter) platform."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is BLOOM?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "BLOOM is an open-source large language model developed by the BigScience research workshop, designed for multilingual text generation and research."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is a local AI tool?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A local AI tool is an artificial intelligence application or model that runs directly on a user's device, such as a computer or smartphone, without requiring an internet connection or cloud-based processing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is LM Studio?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "LM Studio is a desktop application that allows users to run large language models locally on their computers, providing a user-friendly interface for chat, text generation, and prompt engineering without relying on cloud services."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Ollama is a local AI tool that enables users to run and manage large language models on their own devices, supporting various open-source models and offering easy setup for private, offline AI use."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is KoboldAI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "KoboldAI is an open-source platform for running and interacting with language models locally, often used for creative writing, roleplay, and story generation, with support for multiple model backends."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is oobabooga/text-generation-webui?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "oobabooga/text-generation-webui is a popular open-source web interface for running and experimenting with local language models, offering features like chat, prompt management, and model customization."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is LMQL?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "LMQL (Language Model Query Language) is a tool and language for querying large language models locally or remotely, allowing users to control and structure model outputs for specific tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "llama.cpp is a lightweight, open-source implementation of LLaMA and similar models in C/C++, optimized for running large language models efficiently on consumer hardware, including CPUs and GPUs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is GPT4All?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GPT4All is a project that provides open-source language models and tools for running them locally on personal computers, with a focus on privacy and accessibility."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is LocalAI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "LocalAI is an open-source platform that allows users to run, manage, and deploy AI models locally, supporting a variety of model architectures and use cases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Jan?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Jan is a privacy-focused, open-source local AI assistant that runs on your device, offering chat, productivity, and automation features without sending data to the cloud."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main advantage of using local AI tools?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main advantage of using local AI tools is enhanced privacy and data security, as all processing occurs on the user's device without sending information to external servers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main limitation of running large language models locally?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main limitation is hardware requirements, as running large language models locally can require significant memory, storage, and processing power."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between local and cloud-based AI tools?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Local AI tools run entirely on the user's device, offering privacy and offline access, while cloud-based AI tools rely on remote servers for processing, often providing more power and scalability but less privacy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of quantized models in local AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models use reduced numerical precision to decrease memory and computational requirements, making it possible to run large language models efficiently on consumer hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the function of a GPU in local AI inference?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) accelerates the computation of large language models, enabling faster inference and response times when running AI locally."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the benefit of running AI models on a CPU instead of a GPU?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Running AI models on a CPU allows for broader hardware compatibility and can be more energy-efficient, though it is generally slower than using a GPU for large models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main use case for local AI chatbots?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Local AI chatbots are used for private, offline conversations, creative writing, coding assistance, and productivity tasks without sharing data with external servers."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the role of open-source communities in local AI development?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Open-source communities contribute to the development, improvement, and sharing of local AI tools and models, fostering innovation and accessibility for a wider audience."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main privacy concern with cloud-based AI tools?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main privacy concern is that user data is transmitted to and processed on external servers, which may pose risks of data breaches or unauthorized access."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a model checkpoint in local AI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A model checkpoint is a saved state of an AI model's parameters, allowing users to load, resume, or share models for local inference or further training."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "How do you start the Ollama server on your local machine?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To start the Ollama server, open a terminal and run the command: ollama serve"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to list all available models in Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama list"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you pull a new model from the Ollama model library?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To pull a new model, use the command: ollama pull <model_name> (for example, ollama pull llama2)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to run a chat session with a specific model in Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama run <model_name> (for example, ollama run llama2)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you remove a model from your local Ollama installation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To remove a model, use the command: ollama rm <model_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command shows the current version of Ollama installed?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama --version"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you update Ollama to the latest version?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To update Ollama, follow the instructions on the official Ollama website for your operating system, as there is no direct update command. Typically, you download and install the latest release."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to display help information for Ollama commands?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama help"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run Ollama in the background as a service?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can run Ollama in the background by using system tools like nohup or systemd, for example: nohup ollama serve &"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to stop the Ollama server?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To stop the Ollama server, press Ctrl+C in the terminal where it is running, or terminate the process using your system's process manager."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you check the status of the Ollama server?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Check the status by viewing the terminal where ollama serve is running, or use system tools like ps or systemctl if running as a service."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to run a model with a custom prompt in Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama run <model_name> and then enter your custom prompt when prompted."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you specify a different model version when running a chat in Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama run <model_name>:<version> (for example, ollama run llama2:7b)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to view detailed information about a specific model in Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama show <model_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you export a model from Ollama for backup or sharing?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama export <model_name> <output_file>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to import a model into Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama import <input_file>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run Ollama with a specific configuration file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama serve --config <path_to_config_file>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to see logs for the Ollama server?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "View logs by checking the terminal output where ollama serve is running, or redirect output to a file using: ollama serve > ollama.log 2>&1"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you set the default model for Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Set the default model in the Ollama configuration file, typically by editing the config file and specifying the default model parameter."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to get a list of all commands supported by Ollama?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ollama help"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "How do you start the Open WebUI server for local AI chat?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To start the Open WebUI server, run the command: open-webui start or use Docker with: docker run -p 8080:8080 openwebui/open-webui"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the default port for accessing Open WebUI in a browser?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The default port for Open WebUI is 8080. You can access it by navigating to http://localhost:8080 in your web browser."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you change the model used in Open WebUI?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In Open WebUI, you can change the model by selecting a different model from the interface settings or configuration panel, depending on your backend setup."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to update Open WebUI to the latest version?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To update Open WebUI, pull the latest Docker image with: docker pull openwebui/open-webui and restart your container."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you start LM Studio on your computer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To start LM Studio, open the LM Studio application from your operating system’s application menu or desktop shortcut."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you add a new model in LM Studio?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In LM Studio, click the 'Add Model' button, then select or download a model from the list or provide a local model file."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the process to update LM Studio to the latest version?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To update LM Studio, download and install the latest release from the official LM Studio website or use the built-in update feature if available."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run a model in LM Studio for chat?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "In LM Studio, select the desired model from your list and click 'Start Chat' or 'Run' to begin a chat session."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "llama.cpp is a lightweight, open-source C/C++ implementation for running LLaMA and similar large language models locally on CPUs and GPUs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run a model using llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To run a model with llama.cpp, use the command: ./main -m <model_file> -p "Your prompt here""
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command lists available options for llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ./main --help to list all available options and flags for llama.cpp."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run llama.cpp in interactive chat mode?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ./main -m <model_file> -i to start llama.cpp in interactive chat mode."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you specify the number of threads for llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Add the -t flag followed by the number of threads, for example: ./main -m <model_file> -t 8"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to use a quantized model in llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To use a quantized model, specify the quantized model file with the -m flag, for example: ./main -m llama-7b-q4_0.bin"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you generate a response with a specific prompt in llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ./main -m <model_file> -p "Your prompt here""
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you stop llama.cpp while it is running?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Press Ctrl+C in the terminal to stop llama.cpp while it is running."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run llama.cpp with GPU acceleration?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Compile llama.cpp with GPU support (such as CUDA or Metal) and use the appropriate binary, for example: ./main -m <model_file> --gpu"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to set the context window size in llama.cpp?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the -c flag followed by the desired context size, for example: ./main -m <model_file> -c 4096"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you save the output of llama.cpp to a file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Redirect the output to a file using: ./main -m <model_file> -p "Your prompt here" > output.txt"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you run llama.cpp with a system prompt for chat formatting?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the --system flag followed by your system prompt, for example: ./main -m <model_file> --system "You are a helpful assistant.""
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is quantization in the context of AI models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantization is the process of reducing the precision of the numbers used to represent a model’s parameters, typically from 32-bit floating point to lower-bit formats like 8-bit or 4-bit integers, to make models smaller and faster."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Why is quantization used for large language models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantization is used to reduce the memory and computational requirements of large language models, enabling them to run efficiently on consumer hardware such as laptops, desktops, and even some mobile devices."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What are common quantization levels for language models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Common quantization levels include 8-bit (int8), 6-bit, 5-bit, 4-bit (int4), and sometimes even 2-bit, with lower bits providing greater compression at the cost of some accuracy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a 'q4' quantized model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A 'q4' quantized model is a language model whose weights have been reduced to 4-bit precision, significantly decreasing its size and memory usage while maintaining reasonable performance."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the trade-off when using lower-bit quantized models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Lower-bit quantized models use less memory and run faster, but may experience a slight drop in accuracy or output quality compared to higher-precision models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does quantization affect model loading and inference speed?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models load faster and require less RAM, and inference speed is typically improved because less data needs to be processed and transferred during computation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a 'q8' quantized model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A 'q8' quantized model is a model whose weights are stored using 8-bit integers, offering a balance between reduced size and maintaining high accuracy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Can quantized models be used for training?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models are generally used for inference, not training, because training requires higher precision to update model weights accurately."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the benefit of using quantized models on local devices?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models allow users to run large language models on devices with limited memory and processing power, making local AI more accessible and efficient."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a 'q2' quantized model?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A 'q2' quantized model is a model whose weights are stored using 2-bit precision, resulting in extremely small file sizes but with a more noticeable loss in accuracy."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you identify the quantization type of a model file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The quantization type is usually indicated in the model file name, such as 'llama-7b-q4_0.bin' for a 4-bit quantized model."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is mixed-precision quantization?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Mixed-precision quantization uses different bit-widths for different parts of the model, balancing memory savings and accuracy by applying higher precision where it matters most."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the impact of quantization on model accuracy?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantization can cause a small decrease in model accuracy, especially at lower bit-widths, but well-designed quantization schemes can minimize this impact."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between static and dynamic quantization?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Static quantization applies fixed quantization parameters before inference, while dynamic quantization determines quantization parameters on-the-fly during inference, often leading to better performance for certain tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Can quantized models be converted back to higher precision?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models cannot be fully restored to their original precision, as information is lost during quantization. However, some tools allow for partial dequantization for specific use cases."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main advantage of 4-bit quantization for LLMs?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "4-bit quantization greatly reduces the memory footprint and enables running large language models on consumer hardware, making local inference practical for more users."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the effect of quantization on model file size?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantization significantly reduces the model file size, allowing for easier storage, transfer, and deployment of large models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is quantization-aware training?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantization-aware training is a technique where the model is trained with quantization in mind, helping to preserve accuracy when the model is later quantized for inference."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between symmetric and asymmetric quantization?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Symmetric quantization uses the same scale for positive and negative values, while asymmetric quantization allows for different scales and zero points, providing more flexibility for data distributions."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Why are quantized models popular for edge devices?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Quantized models are popular for edge devices because they require less memory and computational power, enabling AI applications to run efficiently on smartphones, tablets, and embedded systems."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is GGUF in the context of AI models?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GGUF stands for 'Generalized GGML Unified Format.' It is a file format designed for storing and running quantized large language models efficiently, especially with tools like llama.cpp and compatible local inference engines."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What are the main benefits of the GGUF format?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The GGUF format offers improved compatibility, metadata support, and efficiency for quantized models. It allows for easier sharing, loading, and running of models across different local AI tools."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does GGUF differ from previous model formats like GGML?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GGUF extends the GGML format by adding better metadata handling, support for more model architectures, and improved extensibility, making it more future-proof and easier to use with various tools."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Which tools commonly use the GGUF format?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Tools such as llama.cpp, KoboldAI, LM Studio, and oobabooga/text-generation-webui commonly use the GGUF format for running local large language models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What kind of metadata can be stored in a GGUF model file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GGUF model file can store metadata such as model name, version, quantization type, tokenizer information, author, license, and other relevant details for model management and reproducibility."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you identify a GGUF model file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A GGUF model file typically has the .gguf file extension, for example: llama-7b-q4_0.gguf."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Can GGUF files store different quantization types?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Yes, GGUF files can store models quantized at various levels, such as 8-bit, 4-bit, or mixed-precision, making them flexible for different hardware and performance needs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you convert a model to GGUF format?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To convert a model to GGUF format, use a compatible conversion script or tool provided by projects like llama.cpp or community repositories, specifying the source model and desired quantization."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main advantage of using GGUF for local inference?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main advantage is efficient loading and execution of large language models on local hardware, with support for quantization and rich metadata for better model management."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Is GGUF an open format?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Yes, GGUF is an open format, and its specification is publicly available, allowing developers and researchers to implement support in their own tools."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What happens if you try to load a non-GGUF model in a tool that only supports GGUF?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "If you try to load a non-GGUF model in a tool that only supports GGUF, the tool will not recognize the file and will return an error or fail to load the model."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Can GGUF files be used for both chat and completion tasks?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Yes, GGUF files can be used for both chat and completion tasks, depending on the model architecture and the tool’s implementation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the typical file size difference between GGUF and uncompressed model formats?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GGUF files are typically much smaller than uncompressed model formats due to quantization, making them easier to store and transfer."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you check the metadata of a GGUF model file?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can check the metadata of a GGUF model file using compatible tools or scripts that read and display the metadata section, such as llama.cpp utilities or community tools."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Why is GGUF important for the local AI ecosystem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "GGUF standardizes model storage and metadata, improving interoperability between tools, simplifying model sharing, and supporting efficient local inference for a wide range of users."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hugging Face is a company and open-source community known for developing tools, libraries, and a platform for sharing and deploying machine learning models, especially in natural language processing."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Hugging Face Hub?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Hugging Face Hub is an online platform where users can upload, share, and download machine learning models, datasets, and demos for a wide range of AI tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is Transformers by Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Transformers is an open-source library by Hugging Face that provides pre-trained models and tools for natural language processing, including text classification, translation, summarization, and more."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you install the Hugging Face Transformers library in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can install the Transformers library using the command: pip install transformers"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of the 'pipeline' feature in Hugging Face Transformers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'pipeline' feature provides a simple interface for running common tasks like text generation, sentiment analysis, and question answering with pre-trained models."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you load a pre-trained model from the Hugging Face Hub in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can load a pre-trained model using: from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer; model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('model_name'); tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('model_name')"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'datasets' library by Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'datasets' library is an open-source tool by Hugging Face for easily accessing, sharing, and processing large datasets for machine learning and AI research."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Hugging Face Spaces platform?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hugging Face Spaces is a platform for hosting and sharing interactive machine learning demos and applications, often built with Gradio or Streamlit."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How can you search for models on the Hugging Face Hub?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can search for models on the Hugging Face Hub by visiting https://huggingface.co/models and using the search bar or filters to find models by task, language, or framework."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'tokenizer' in Hugging Face Transformers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A tokenizer is a tool that converts text into tokens (numerical representations) that can be processed by language models, and also decodes tokens back into human-readable text."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the purpose of model cards on Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Model cards provide documentation for models on the Hugging Face Hub, including details about training data, intended use, limitations, and ethical considerations."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you upload a model to the Hugging Face Hub?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can upload a model to the Hugging Face Hub using the 'transformers-cli' tool or the web interface, after creating an account and repository on the platform."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Inference API' on Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Inference API allows users to run models hosted on the Hugging Face Hub via a web interface or programmatically through an API, without needing to download or run the model locally."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'AutoModel' class in Hugging Face Transformers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'AutoModel' class automatically selects and loads the appropriate model architecture based on the pre-trained model name or path provided."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the benefit of using Hugging Face for AI research?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Hugging Face provides easy access to a wide variety of pre-trained models, datasets, and tools, accelerating AI research, collaboration, and reproducibility."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you fine-tune a model using Hugging Face Transformers?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can fine-tune a model by loading a pre-trained model and tokenizer, preparing your dataset, and using the Trainer API or custom training loops to adapt the model to your specific task."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'Gradio' integration in Hugging Face Spaces?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Gradio integration allows users to build and share interactive web demos for machine learning models directly on Hugging Face Spaces."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the 'diffusers' library by Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The 'diffusers' library is an open-source toolkit by Hugging Face for working with diffusion models, enabling image and audio generation tasks."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Hugging Face 'Inference Endpoints' service?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Inference Endpoints is a managed service that allows users to deploy and scale machine learning models from the Hugging Face Hub as secure, production-ready APIs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you contribute to open-source projects on Hugging Face?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can contribute by submitting pull requests, reporting issues, improving documentation, or sharing your own models and datasets on the Hugging Face Hub."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Pythagorean theorem?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c²."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you calculate the area of a circle?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The area of a circle is calculated using the formula: Area = π × r², where r is the radius of the circle."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the capital city of France?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The capital city of France is Paris."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name the longest river in the world.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Nile River is commonly considered the longest river in the world, though some sources list the Amazon River as longer depending on measurement methods."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the official language of Brazil?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The official language of Brazil is Portuguese."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How many continents are there on Earth?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "There are seven continents on Earth: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America, Oceania (Australia), and South America."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the process of photosynthesis?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a synonym for 'happy'?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A synonym for 'happy' is 'joyful.'"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the largest desert in the world?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The largest desert in the world is the Antarctic Desert, followed by the Arctic Desert and the Sahara Desert."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, use the formula: F = (C × 9/5) + 32."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the chemical symbol for gold?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The chemical symbol for gold is Au."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of the ozone layer?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The main function of the ozone layer is to absorb and block most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting living organisms on Earth."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the largest ocean on Earth?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The largest ocean on Earth is the Pacific Ocean."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the plural form of 'child'?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The plural form of 'child' is 'children.'"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the boiling point of water at sea level in Celsius?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The boiling point of water at sea level is 100 degrees Celsius."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three renewable sources of energy.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three renewable sources of energy are solar power, wind power, and hydropower."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the largest country in the world by area?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The largest country in the world by area is Russia."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the process of evaporation?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Evaporation is the process by which liquid water turns into water vapor, usually due to heat from the sun."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the antonym of 'difficult'?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The antonym of 'difficult' is 'easy.'"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is biodiversity?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in a particular habitat or on Earth as a whole, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "How do you print 'Hello, World!' in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "print('Hello, World!')"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to check if a number is odd.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function isOdd(n) {\n return n % 2 !== 0;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you declare a variable in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int number = 10;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to select all records from a table named 'students'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT * FROM students;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a list in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C++ function to return the square of a number.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "int square(int n) {\n return n * n;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you comment a single line in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "// This is a single-line comment"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to reverse a string.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def reverse_string(s):\n return s[::-1]"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you import a module in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import math"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Java method to return the length of a string.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public int getStringLength(String s) {\n return s.length();\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a dictionary in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to count the number of rows in a table called 'orders'.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders;"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you write a for loop in JavaScript to print numbers 1 to 5?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "for (let i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {\n console.log(i);\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a function in Python to check if a list is empty.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def is_empty(lst):\n return len(lst) == 0"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you define a class in Java?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "public class MyClass {\n // class body\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a C function to swap two integers.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "void swap(int *a, int *b) {\n int temp = *a;\n *a = *b;\n *b = temp;\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a function in JavaScript?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "function myFunction() {\n // function body\n}"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a Python function to return the maximum value in a list.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "def max_in_list(lst):\n return max(lst)"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you connect to a SQLite database in Python?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "import sqlite3\nconn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Write a SQL query to update the email of a user with id 1 in the 'users' table.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "UPDATE users SET email = 'newemail@example.com' WHERE id = 1;"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is an operating system (OS)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three popular desktop operating systems.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three popular desktop operating systems are Windows, macOS, and Linux."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main function of an OS during a system event like a power failure?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "During a power failure, the OS attempts to safely shut down processes and protect data integrity, often using journaling or recovery features to minimize data loss."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a system event in computing?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A system event is an occurrence detected by the operating system, such as hardware changes, software updates, errors, or user actions, that may require a response or trigger a process."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a hardware event like plugging in a USB device?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "When a USB device is plugged in, the OS detects the new hardware, loads the appropriate drivers, and makes the device available for use by the user and applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a kernel panic?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A kernel panic is a critical system error in Unix-like operating systems, such as Linux and macOS, where the OS cannot safely recover, resulting in a forced restart or halt."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the Windows Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is a stop error screen displayed on Windows systems after a fatal system error, indicating the OS can no longer operate safely."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS manage software updates?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An OS manages software updates by checking for new patches, downloading them, and installing updates to improve security, fix bugs, and add features, often requiring a system restart."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the role of an event log in an operating system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An event log records significant system events, such as errors, warnings, and informational messages, helping administrators monitor system health and troubleshoot issues."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS respond to a security event like malware detection?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "When malware is detected, the OS may quarantine or remove the threat, alert the user, and log the event for further analysis, often working with security software to prevent further damage."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a system update event?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A system update event occurs when the OS installs new updates or patches, which may include security fixes, feature enhancements, or performance improvements."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a scheduled task event?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The OS uses a task scheduler to execute scheduled tasks at specified times or intervals, such as backups, software updates, or maintenance routines."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the difference between a user event and a system event?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A user event is triggered by user actions, such as opening a file or clicking a button, while a system event is triggered by the OS or hardware, such as device connection or error detection."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a print job event?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The OS manages print job events by queuing print requests, sending data to the printer, and notifying the user of the job status or any errors."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the main purpose of event-driven programming in OS design?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Event-driven programming allows the OS to respond efficiently to asynchronous events, improving system responsiveness and resource management."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a file system event like file creation or deletion?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The OS updates the file system structure, manages permissions, and may log the event or notify applications monitoring the file system."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a boot event in an operating system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A boot event is the process where the OS loads into memory and initializes hardware and system services when the computer is powered on or restarted."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a crash event?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "When a crash event occurs, the OS may generate a crash dump, log the error, attempt to recover or restart affected processes, and notify the user."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the role of interrupts in OS event handling?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Interrupts are signals that inform the OS of urgent events, allowing it to pause current tasks and respond quickly to hardware or software needs."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How does an OS handle a network event like connecting to Wi-Fi?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The OS detects the network, authenticates the connection, configures network settings, and provides access to network resources and the internet."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is a database?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system, that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a compiler?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A compiler is a program that translates source code written in a programming language into machine code or another programming language, enabling the code to be executed by a computer."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a web browser?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A web browser is a software application used to access, retrieve, and view information on the World Wide Web, such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Safari."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a URL?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access resources on the internet, such as web pages, images, or files."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is an algorithm?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions or rules designed to solve a specific problem or perform a computation."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a function in programming?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task, takes input (arguments), and can return an output (result)."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a variable?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A variable is a named storage location in programming that holds a value which can change during the execution of a program."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is an API?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of rules and protocols that allows different software applications to communicate and interact with each other."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a cloud service?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A cloud service is a computing service provided over the internet, such as storage, databases, servers, networking, software, and analytics, typically on a pay-as-you-go basis."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a virtual machine?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A virtual machine (VM) is a software-based emulation of a physical computer that runs an operating system and applications independently from the underlying hardware."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a network?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can communicate and share resources with each other."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a firewall?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A firewall is a security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules, helping to protect computers and networks from unauthorized access."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is encryption?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Encryption is the process of converting information or data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access, ensuring data privacy and security."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a chatbot?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A chatbot is an AI-powered software application designed to simulate conversation with human users, often used for customer service, information retrieval, or entertainment."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a QR code?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A QR code (Quick Response code) is a type of two-dimensional barcode that can be scanned using a smartphone or camera to quickly access information, websites, or applications."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a blockchain?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed digital ledger that records transactions across many computers in a way that ensures security, transparency, and immutability."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a smart contract?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A smart contract is a self-executing contract with the terms of the agreement directly written into code, running on a blockchain and automatically enforcing rules and outcomes."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a data structure?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A data structure is a way of organizing and storing data in a computer so that it can be accessed and modified efficiently, such as arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is a bug in software development?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A bug is an error, flaw, or fault in a software program that causes it to produce incorrect or unexpected results or to behave in unintended ways."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is open source software?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Open source software is software with source code that is freely available for anyone to view, modify, and distribute."
+}
+{
+"instruction": "What is a Linux distribution (distro)?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "A Linux distribution (distro) is an operating system made from a collection of software based on the Linux kernel, often including package management, user interfaces, and utilities."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "Name three popular Linux distributions.",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Three popular Linux distributions are Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian."
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to list files and directories in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The command to list files and directories is: ls"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you change directories in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: cd <directory_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to display the current working directory?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "The command is: pwd"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you create a new directory in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: mkdir <directory_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to remove a file in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: rm <file_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you copy a file in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: cp <source_file> <destination_file>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command is used to move or rename a file in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: mv <source> <destination>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you view the contents of a text file in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: cat <file_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to update package lists in Ubuntu?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: sudo apt update"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you install a package in Fedora?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: sudo dnf install <package_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What command shows running processes in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ps aux or top"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you check your IP address in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: ip addr or ifconfig"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to search for a file by name in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: find /path/to/search -name <file_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you display the manual page for a command in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: man <command>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to change file permissions in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: chmod <permissions> <file_name>"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you switch to the root user in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: sudo -i or su"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "What is the command to reboot a Linux system?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: sudo reboot"
+},
+{
+"instruction": "How do you check disk usage in Linux?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "Use the command: df -h"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "How should you respond when someone thanks you for providing a dataset?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You can respond with a polite message such as, 'You're welcome! If you need more data or have any questions, feel free to ask.'"
+}
+{
+"instruction": "How should an AI respond to gratitude from a user?",
+"input": "",
+"output": "You're welcome! I'm glad I could help. If you have any more requests or need further assistance, just let me know!"
+]