id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 152 3.71k | question stringlengths 243 3.81k | answers dict | messages listlengths 1 1 | prompt stringlengths 243 3.81k | responses listlengths 5 5 | evaluation_response listlengths 5 5 | score listlengths 5 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
56e0f3907aa994140058e80a | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | Title: Canon_law
Background: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:
Question: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: | {
"text": [
"full union"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Canon_law\n\nBackground: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:\n\nQuestion: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Chur... | Title: Canon_law
Background: The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff:
Question: What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: | [
"The term that characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church is \"in full communion.\" This means that the rites are recognized and accepted by the Roman Catholic Church as valid and legitimate expressions of the Christian faith, and that they are in full union with the Church and the S... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
10,
9,
10,
9,
9
] |
571adcf932177014007e9f56 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechetical school, while sacrificing none of its fa... | Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Background: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechet... | {
"text": [
"important trade center"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria\n\nBackground: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseil... | Title: Athanasius_of_Alexandria
Background: Alexandria was the most important trade center in the whole empire during Athanasius's boyhood. Intellectually, morally, and politically—it epitomized the ethnically diverse Graeco-Roman world, even more than Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles. Its famous catechet... | [
"Alexandria was known as the most important trade center in the empire during Athanasius's boyhood. It was also recognized as a hub of intellectual and cultural life, with a world-renowned catechetical school that emphasized orthodoxy but had a diverse and secular approach to learning.",
"Alexandria was known for... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
9,
9,
8
] |
57325b9fe99e3014001e670c | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquest... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religi... | {
"text": [
"disparaging individual decision-making"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\n\nBackground: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual dec... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religi... | [
"The leaders of the Jehovah's Witnesses cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience through a combination of strict adherence to rules and regulations, constant surveillance, and control over information. They discourage individual decision-making and encourage Witnesses to blindly follow the guidance of the orga... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
7,
8,
7,
8
] |
5728d8be4b864d1900164f6b | Estonia | Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products. Traditionally in s... | Title: Estonia
Background: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy ... | {
"text": [
"black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products."
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Estonia\n\nBackground: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, po... | Title: Estonia
Background: Historically, the cuisine of Estonia has been heavily dependent on seasons and simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. Today, it includes many typical international foods.[citation needed] The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy ... | [
"The most common foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.",
"The most common foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.",
"The most common foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes, and dairy products.",
"The most common foods in Estonia are black... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
8,
8,
8
] |
56f6f5e1711bf01900a44898 | Classical_music | Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fiddle (or vielle), and trombone (called... | Title: Classical_music
Background: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fidd... | {
"text": [
"wood"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Classical_music\n\nBackground: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early ver... | Title: Classical_music
Background: Many of the instruments used to perform medieval music still exist, but in different forms. Medieval instruments included the wood flute (which in the 21st century is made of metal), the recorder and plucked string instruments like the lute. As well, early versions of the organ, fidd... | [
"The medieval flute was made from wood, such as boxwood, cherrywood, or other types of hardwoods. In the 21st century, metal flutes are made from materials like brass or aluminum, but wooden flutes were commonly used during the medieval period.",
"The medieval flute was made from wood.",
"The medieval flute was... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
9,
8,
8,
9,
7
] |
5a36fffb95360f001af1b3c1 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | Title: Gregorian_calendar
Background: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Gregorian_calendar\n\nBackground: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira... | Title: Gregorian_calendar
Background: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar... | [
"The year number was set using the Hegira era.",
"Prior to 1917, the year number in Turkey was set based on the Hegira year, which is the lunar year marking the migration of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. In 1917, Turkey began using the Gregorian calendar, which is based on the solar... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
7,
7,
8,
7,
8
] |
5728fd38af94a219006a9edd | Samurai | Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial family who lived in Kyoto. S... | Title: Samurai
Background: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial ... | {
"text": [
"Kyoto"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Samurai\n\nBackground: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves ... | Title: Samurai
Background: Bushi was the name given to the ancient Japanese soldiers from traditional warrior families. The bushi class was developed mainly in the north of Japan. They formed powerful clans, which in the 12th century were against the noble families who were grouping themselves to support the imperial ... | [
"The imperial family lived in Kyoto.",
"The imperial family lived in Kyoto.",
"The imperial family lived in Kyoto.",
"The imperial family lived in Kyoto.",
"The imperial family lived in Kyoto."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5726c774f1498d1400e8eb0d | Utrecht | When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages... | Title: Utrecht
Background: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal... | {
"text": [
"not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Utrecht\n\nBackground: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to t... | Title: Utrecht
Background: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal... | [
"The territory of the Bishopric of Utrecht included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht') and extended to the northeast.",
"The territory of the bishopric of Utrecht included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), as well as northeastern parts of the Netherlands. This... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
7,
9,
8,
7,
8
] |
57264da2dd62a815002e8108 | Department_store | A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Boucicaut became a partner in 1852, and... | Title: Department_store
Background: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Bo... | {
"text": [
"increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Department_store\n\nBackground: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The ... | Title: Department_store
Background: A novelty shop called Au Bon Marché had been founded in Paris in 1838 to sell lace, ribbons, sheets, mattresses, buttons, umbrellas and other assorted goods. It originally had four departments, twelve employees, and a floor space of three hundred meters. The entrepreneur Aristide Bo... | [
"The answer is not provided in the given text.",
"There is no information provided on the profit of Au Bon Marché before the changes made by Aristide Boucicaut. However, it is noted that the annual income of the store increased from 500,000 francs in 1852 to five million in 1860, and from twenty million francs in... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
10,
8,
7,
7,
7
] |
56fdeee819033b140034cde7 | Computer | Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand the machine language of an Inte... | Title: Computer
Background: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand th... | {
"text": [
"a PDA or a hand-held videogame"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Computer\n\nBackground: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videoga... | Title: Computer
Background: Machine languages and the assembly languages that represent them (collectively termed low-level programming languages) tend to be unique to a particular type of computer. For instance, an ARM architecture computer (such as may be found in a PDA or a hand-held videogame) cannot understand th... | [
"An ARM architecture computer can be found in a variety of devices such as smartphones, tablets, smartwatches, e-readers, handheld gaming devices, and many other types of embedded systems. Some popular devices that use ARM architecture include Apple's iPhone and iPad, Google's Android devices, and Amazon's Kindle e... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
9,
10,
10
] |
56fb84ebb28b3419009f1de7 | Middle_Ages | During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork continued to be the most prestigious... | Title: Middle_Ages
Background: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork cont... | {
"text": [
"ivory"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Middle_Ages\n\nBackground: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton \"by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops\", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for ... | Title: Middle_Ages
Background: During this period the practice of manuscript illumination gradually passed from monasteries to lay workshops, so that according to Janetta Benton "by 1300 most monks bought their books in shops", and the book of hours developed as a form of devotional book for lay-people. Metalwork cont... | [
"Many pieces of secular art were carved from ivory during the Middle Ages.",
"During this period, many pieces of secular art were carved from ivory.",
"Many pieces of secular art were carved from ivory in this period.",
"Many pieces of secular art were carved from ivory during this period.",
"Many pieces of... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
57325c2fe99e3014001e6716 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the group", and that Jehovah's Witnesses see them... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the gro... | {
"text": [
"\"part of the power structure rather than subject to it.\""
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\n\nBackground: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are \"not always very democratic\" and that members \"are expected to conform to rather strict standards,\" but adds that \"enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: Sociologist Rodney Stark states that Jehovah's Witness leaders are "not always very democratic" and that members "are expected to conform to rather strict standards," but adds that "enforcement tends to be very informal, sustained by the close bonds of friendship within the gro... | [
"Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as part of the power structure rather than subject to it. This is because they believe that their leaders are guided by the Bible and are responsible for ensuring that the group's teachings are faithfully applied in their lives. However, the enforcement of these teachings is typi... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
7,
7,
8
] |
56e43a6e8c00841900fbaf42 | Estonian_language | Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during ... | Title: Estonian_language
Background: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from... | {
"text": [
"High German"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Estonian_language\n\nBackground: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germani... | Title: Estonian_language
Background: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from... | [
"Estonian derives its vocabulary primarily from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) and High German, including standard German.",
"Estonian primarily derives its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The pe... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
9,
8,
8,
8,
8
] |
572723b8dd62a815002e9957 | Capacitor | Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may co... | Title: Capacitor
Background: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery... | {
"text": [
"with the terminals shorted"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Capacitor\n\nBackground: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered ... | Title: Capacitor
Background: Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery... | [
"The terminals of high voltage capacitors are stored with the terminals shorted. This is done to protect the capacitor from potentially dangerous voltages due to dielectric absorption or from transient voltages the capacitor may pick up from static charges or passing weather events.",
"The terminals of high volta... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
8,
9,
10,
10
] |
572686975951b619008f75a3 | Chicago_Cubs | The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home and on the road. Before Sloan Pa... | Title: Chicago_Cubs
Background: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home... | {
"text": [
"Sloan Park"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Chicago_Cubs\n\nBackground: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of ... | Title: Chicago_Cubs
Background: The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in |Mesa, Arizona, where they play in the Cactus League. The park seats 15,000, making it Major League baseball's largest spring training facility by capacity. The Cubs annually sell out most of their games both at home... | [
"The Chicago Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona.",
"The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona.",
"The Cubs' current spring training facility is located in Sloan Park in Mesa, Arizona.",
"The Cubs' current spring training ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e7ba3537bdd419002c43d1 | Nanjing | As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of the major clubs fighting for t... | Title: Nanjing
Background: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of th... | {
"text": [
"Jiangsu Sainty"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Nanjing\n\nBackground: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which... | Title: Nanjing
Background: As a major Chinese city, Nanjing is home to many professional sports teams. Jiangsu Sainty, the football club currently staying in Chinese Super League, is a long-term tenant of Nanjing Olympic Sports Center. Jiangsu Nangang Basketball Club is a competitive team which has long been one of th... | [
"The name of the football club in Nanjing is Jiangsu Sainty.",
"Jiangsu Sainty",
"Jiangsu Sainty",
"The name of the football club in Nanjing is Jiangsu Sainty.",
"The name of the football club in Nanjing is Jiangsu Sainty."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56fa5330f34c681400b0c07b | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | Title: Wood
Background: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such ... | {
"text": [
"cellulose"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Wood\n\nBackground: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density... | Title: Wood
Background: Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such ... | [
"The material that results from chemically breaking down wood is cellulose.",
"The material that results from chemically breaking down wood is cellulose.",
"The material that results from chemically breaking down wood is cellulose.",
"Cellulose",
"The material that results from chemically breaking down wood... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
9,
9,
9,
10,
9
] |
570700329e06ca38007e9299 | Letter_case | Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common variant in text. In mathematics, ... | Title: Letter_case
Background: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common v... | {
"text": [
"lowercase"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Letter_case\n\nBackground: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the low... | Title: Letter_case
Background: Letter case is often prescribed by the grammar of a language or by the conventions of a particular discipline. In orthography, the uppercase is primarily reserved for special purposes, such as the first letter of a sentence or of a proper noun, which makes the lowercase the more common v... | [
"The most common variant of case in text is lowercase.",
"The most common variant of case in text is lowercase.",
"The most common variant of case in text is lowercase.",
"The most common variant of case in text is lowercase.",
"The most common variant of case in text is the lowercase."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56f762fbaef2371900625b90 | Slavs | Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a large number of river nam... | Title: Slavs
Background: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a... | {
"text": [
"Carpathian basin"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Slavs\n\nBackground: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romania... | Title: Slavs
Background: Conversely, some Slavs were assimilated into other populations. Although the majority continued south, attracted by the riches of the territory which would become Bulgaria, a few remained in the Carpathian basin and were ultimately assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population. There is a... | [
"It is not specified where the Slavs who assimilated into the Magyar or Romanian population remained. However, it is known that some Slavs remained in the Carpathian basin, which is now part of Romania.",
"It is not clear what specific geographic location you are referring to in your question. However, in general... | [
"[[6]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
6,
7,
10,
10,
10
] |
56f8220daef2371900625e0a | Szlachta | In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the English Magna Carta's Habeas c... | Title: Szlachta
Background: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the E... | {
"text": [
"warrant from a court of justice"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Szlachta\n\nBackground: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: \"przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie\"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrar... | Title: Szlachta
Background: In 1430 with the Privileges of Jedlnia, confirmed at Kraków in 1433 (Polish: "przywileje jedlneńsko-krakowskie"), based partially on his earlier Brześć Kujawski privilege (April 25, 1425), King Władysław II Jagiełło granted the nobility a guarantee against arbitrary arrest, similar to the E... | [
"A court needs a warrant from a judge to imprison a member of the nobility. This is based on the \"neminem captivabimus (nisi jure victum)\" clause of the Privileges of Jedlnia and Brześć Kujawski, which were granted to the Polish szlachta by King Władysław II Jagiełło in 1430 and 1425, respectively. The king grant... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
9,
8,
8,
8,
8
] |
5727c05f3acd2414000deb85 | Rule_of_law | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | Title: Rule_of_law
Background: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended... | {
"text": [
"1607"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Rule_of_law\n\nBackground: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) \"that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the ... | Title: Rule_of_law
Background: In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended... | [
"English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in 1607.",
"Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in 1607.",
"English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in 1607.",
"English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke spoke in the Case of Prohibitions in 1607... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a0803c33fc8740018207115 | Infrared | Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and chlorofluorocarbons, a... | Title: Infrared
Background: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluorid... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Infrared\n\nBackground: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous o... | Title: Infrared
Background: Earth's surface and the clouds absorb visible and invisible radiation from the sun and re-emit much of the energy as infrared back to atmosphere. Certain substances in the atmosphere, chiefly cloud droplets and water vapor, but also carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluorid... | [
"The answer is water vapor. Water vapor is a gas that is produced when water evaporates from liquid or solid surfaces. It is a greenhouse gas, which means that it absorbs and re-radiates infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere and contributing to the greenhouse effect. Water vapor is also produced natur... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
7,
2,
7,
7,
8
] |
5a811e7a31013a001a334b90 | Time | The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., a light-year is a measure... | Title: Time
Background: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., ... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Time\n\nBackground: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to trav... | Title: Time
Background: The theory of special relativity finds a convenient formulation in Minkowski spacetime, a mathematical structure that combines three dimensions of space with a single dimension of time. In this formalism, distances in space can be measured by how long light takes to travel that distance, e.g., ... | [
"The invariant interval between two events in Minkowski spacetime is independent of the observer's velocity.",
"The invariant interval between two events in Minkowski spacetime is independent of the observer (and his velocity). This means that regardless of how fast an observer is moving or which frame of referen... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
10,
9,
10,
9,
8
] |
5706950a52bb891400689a9f | House_music | In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Jackson, Paula Abdul, Aretha Frank... | Title: House_music
Background: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Ja... | {
"text": [
"a more mainstream pop-based variation"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: House_music\n\nBackground: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups s... | Title: House_music
Background: In the late 1980s, many local Chicago house music artists suddenly found themselves presented with major label deals. House music proved to be a commercially successful genre and a more mainstream pop-based variation grew increasingly popular. Artists and groups such as Madonna, Janet Ja... | [
"The variation of house music produced by artists such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue can be classified as pop-based house music, which is a more mainstream and commercial variation of the genre.",
"The variation of house music produced by artists such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue is commonly known as pop-based hou... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
9,
8,
8
] |
5730be6a2461fd1900a9d03c | Tuvalu | The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician... | Title: Tuvalu
Background: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island ... | {
"text": [
"Nukufetau and Funafuti"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Tuvalu\n\nBackground: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which h... | Title: Tuvalu
Background: The next European to visit was Arent Schuyler de Peyster, of New York, captain of the armed brigantine or privateer Rebecca, sailing under British colours, which passed through the southern Tuvaluan waters in May 1819; de Peyster sighted Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island ... | [
"Arent Schuyler de Peyster, the captain of the armed brigantine Rebecca, visited Tuvalu in May 1819. According to him, he saw the islands of Nukufetau and Funafuti, which he named Ellice's Island after an English Politician named Edward Ellice. However, the name Ellice was applied to all nine islands of Tuvalu afte... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
7,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a8cb0dcfd22b3001a8d8d3e | Biodiversity | Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, animals, and micro-organisms, whil... | Title: Biodiversity
Background: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, a... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Biodiversity\n\nBackground: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market ar... | Title: Biodiversity
Background: Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources. A significant proportion of drugs are derived, directly or indirectly, from biological sources: at least 50% of the pharmaceutical compounds on the US market are derived from plants, a... | [
"Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of economic resources.",
"Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resources.",
"Biodiversity provides critical support for drug discovery and the availability of medicinal resource... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[6]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
7,
6,
9,
7,
9
] |
5726ad27f1498d1400e8e6df | Botany | 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship b... | Title: Botany
Background: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metab... | {
"text": [
"all plant cells are totipotent"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Botany\n\nBackground: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomi... | Title: Botany
Background: 20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metab... | [
"The concept that all plant cells are totipotent and can be grown in vitro, first proposed by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902, opened the door to plant genetic engineering. This idea allowed scientists to experimentally manipulate plant cells and use them to synthesize pesticides, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
9,
9,
10,
9,
8
] |
5733612b4776f41900660936 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argument and estimates of timing) 12 economists wi... | Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Background: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with suppo... | {
"text": [
"Alan Greenspan"
],
"answer_start": [
1005
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308\n\nBackground: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his rese... | Title: Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Background: The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with suppo... | [
"Alan Greenspan, former Fed Chair, confessed in Congressional testimony to being forced to return to lax monetary supply.",
"Alan Greenspan, former Chair of the Federal Reserve, confessed in Congressional testimony to being forced to return to lax monetary supply in regards to the financial crisis of 2007-08.",
... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e19227cd28a01900c679d2 | Catalan_language | In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases. | Title: Catalan_language
Background: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.
Qu... | {
"text": [
"/a u i/"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Catalan_language\n\nBackground: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel ha... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: In Western Catalan, unstressed vowels reduce to five: /e ɛ/ > [e]; /o ɔ/ > [o]; /a u i/ remain distinct. This reduction pattern, inherited from Proto-Romance, is also found in Italian and Portuguese. Some Western dialects present further reduction or vowel harmony in some cases.
Qu... | [
"The answer is that the vowels /a/, /u/, and /i/ remain distinct in Western Catalan.",
"In Western Catalan, the letters /e ɛ/ are reduced to [e] and /o ɔ/ are reduced to [o]. The letters /a u i/ remain distinct.",
"In Western Catalan, the following letters remain distinct:\n\n- /a/ (as in \"cat\")\n- /u/ (as in... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
10,
8,
8,
10,
8
] |
57262598271a42140099d5a1 | Mammal | If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more closely related to the the... | Title: Mammal
Background: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more... | {
"text": [
"167 million years"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Mammal\n\nBackground: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes a... | Title: Mammal
Background: If Mammalia is considered as the crown group, its origin can be roughly dated as the first known appearance of animals more closely related to some extant mammals than to others. Ambondro is more closely related to monotremes than to therian mammals while Amphilestes and Amphitherium are more... | [
"Momotremes and therian mammals are two distinct groups of mammals with different evolutionary histories. Momotremes, also known as egg-laying mammals, are found only in Australia and New Guinea and are closely related to monotremes. Therian mammals, on the other hand, are found all over the world and are closely r... | [
"[[6]]\n",
"[[6]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[6]]\n",
"[[4]]\n"
] | [
6,
6,
7,
6,
4
] |
56f8dbf69e9bad19000a0614 | Southampton | The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard ships are regularly launched in t... | Title: Southampton
Background: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard s... | {
"text": [
"Royal Princess"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Southampton\n\nBackground: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day o... | Title: Southampton
Background: The city has a particular connection to Cunard Line and their fleet of ships. This was particularly evident on 11 November 2008 when the Cunard liner RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 departed the city for the final time amid a spectacular fireworks display after a full day of celebrations. Cunard s... | [
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the Royal Princess on June 13, 2013.",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the Royal Princess on June 13, 2013.",
"Royal Princess",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the Royal Princess on June 13, 2013.",
"The Duchess of Cambridge christened the ship Royal Princess o... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a6fe8a58abb0b001a676045 | Alsace | The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the French language as choucrout... | Title: Alsace
Background: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the F... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Alsace\n\nBackground: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means \"sour cabbage\" as its Standard German equivalent. This wo... | Title: Alsace
Background: The gastronomic symbol of the région is undoubtedly the Choucroute, a local variety of Sauerkraut. The word Sauerkraut in Alsatian has the form sûrkrût, same as in other southwestern German dialects, and means "sour cabbage" as its Standard German equivalent. This word was included into the F... | [
"Pork products are left to ferment in wooden barrels.",
"Pork products are left to ferment in wooden barrels.",
"Pork products are left to ferment in wooden barrels.",
"Pork products are left to ferment in wooden barrels.",
"Pork products are left to ferment in wooden barrels."
] | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
7,
7,
7,
7,
7
] |
572b69e434ae481900deadeb | Guam | The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands University is a small Christia... | Title: Guam
Background: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands Unive... | {
"text": [
"Pacific Islands University"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Guam\n\nBackground: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United State... | Title: Guam
Background: The University of Guam (UOG) and Guam Community College, both fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, offer courses in higher education. UOG is a member of the exclusive group of only 76 U.S. land-grant institutions in the entire United States. Pacific Islands Unive... | [
"Pacific Islands University",
"Pacific Islands University",
"Pacific Islands University",
"The name of the small Christian college in Guam is Pacific Islands University.",
"The name of the small Christian college in Guam is Pacific Islands University."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5731cdbce17f3d1400422437 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she was too young for the role, she and ... | Title: Steven_Spielberg
Background: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she... | {
"text": [
"\"I don't want to be known as Steven's girlfriend,\""
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Steven_Spielberg\n\nBackground: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, \"I met a real heartbreaker last... | Title: Steven_Spielberg
Background: Spielberg first met actress Amy Irving in 1976 at the suggestion of director Brian De Palma, who knew he was looking for an actress to play in Close Encounters. After meeting her, Spielberg told his co-producer Julia Phillips, "I met a real heartbreaker last night.":293 Although she... | [
"Irving did not want to be known as Steven's girlfriend, and felt that being in his films would detract from her own career as an actress. She wanted to ensure that her success as an actress would be her own, separate from her relationship with Spielberg.",
"Irving did not want to be known as Spielberg's girlfrie... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5ad01e2d77cf76001a686a9c | Kievan_Rus%27 | The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos, became the first bishop of the Ch... | Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Background: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos,... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Kievan_Rus%27\n\nBackground: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael... | Title: Kievan_Rus%27
Background: The exact date of creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain, as well as who was the first leader of the church. Predominantly it is considered that the first head was Michael I of Kiev, however some sources also claim Leontiy who is often placed after Michael or Anastas Chersonesos,... | [
"The exact date of the creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain.",
"The exact date of the creation of the Kiev Metropolis is uncertain. However, it is generally considered that the first leader of the church was Michael I of Kiev, and the first metropolitan to be confirmed by historical sources was Theopemp, ... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
7,
7,
7,
8,
8
] |
57263583271a42140099d780 | Incandescent_light_bulb | To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of th... | Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Background: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0... | {
"text": [
"The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Incandescent_light_bulb\n\nBackground: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and th... | Title: Incandescent_light_bulb
Background: To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0... | [
"The advantage of a coiled-coil filament over a straight filament is that it allows the filament to evaporate at a slower rate, which results in a more efficient light source and a longer lifespan of the filament. The coiled-coil design also allows for a thinner filament, which can generate more light with less pow... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
8,
8,
8
] |
5ace5cb432bba1001ae4a3f9 | Hunting | Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in man... | Title: Hunting
Background: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hun... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Hunting\n\nBackground: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as \"the deer hunter\" (mriga me... | Title: Hunting
Background: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hun... | [
"There are various myths and legends about the death of Shiva. One of the most common stories is that Shiva was hunting in the forest when he stumbled upon a group of humans who were also hunting. In the confusion, Shiva accidentally wounded one of the hunters with his arrow, and the hunter, realizing that Shiva wa... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
2,
8,
10,
10,
10
] |
57293627af94a219006aa19d | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Background: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In con... | {
"text": [
"biologically indefensible"
],
"answer_start": [
992
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Race_(human_categorization)\n\nBackground: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that ra... | Title: Race_(human_categorization)
Background: The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In con... | [
"Douglas J. Futuyama considered the concept of race as biologically indefensible as well as socially dysfunctional.",
"Douglas J. Futuyama considered the concept of race as biologically indefensible.",
"Douglas J. Futuyama considered the concept of race to be biologically indefensible, as well as socially dysfu... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
57261a80ec44d21400f3d8e9 | Buckingham_Palace | When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are ... | Title: Buckingham_Palace
Background: When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Ga... | {
"text": [
"the ground floor"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Buckingham_Palace\n\nBackground: When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floo... | Title: Buckingham_Palace
Background: When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Ga... | [
"The Belgian Suite is located on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing at Buckingham Palace.",
"The Belgian Suite is located on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing at Buckingham Palace.",
"The Belgian Suite is located on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing at Buckingham Pala... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572f9adf04bcaa1900d76ad2 | Bacteria | Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific... | Title: Bacteria
Background: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included al... | {
"text": [
"Bacteria and Archaea"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Bacteria\n\nBackground: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria t... | Title: Bacteria
Background: Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included al... | [
"The two main groups that prokaryotes can be divided into are Bacteria and Archaea.",
"The two main groups that prokaryotes can be divided into are Bacteria and Archaea.",
"Bacteria and Archaea",
"The two main groups that prokaryotes can be divided into are Bacteria and Archaea.",
"The two main groups proka... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
570aa3634103511400d598ac | Houston | METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will ... | Title: Houston
Background: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-ye... | {
"text": [
"January 1, 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Houston\n\nBackground: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track (\"Red Line\") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in t... | Title: Houston
Background: METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004, with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at NRG Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-ye... | [
"Houston started using light rail lines on January 1, 2004.",
"Houston started using light rail lines on January 1, 2004.",
"Houston started using light rail lines on January 1, 2004.",
"Houston started using light rail lines on January 1, 2004.",
"Houston started using light rail lines on January 1, 2004."... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572edab0cb0c0d14000f160b | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic maj... | Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Background: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin poli... | {
"text": [
"There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States\n\nBackground: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispa... | Title: Spanish_language_in_the_United_States
Background: The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin poli... | [
"If someone only speaks Spanish and is not bilingual, they may learn about current events through Spanish-language media sources such as news websites, television programs, and magazines. They may also seek out information from organizations or groups that cater specifically to Spanish-speaking individuals, such as... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
8,
8,
9,
9,
7
] |
57280cfc3acd2414000df324 | Northwestern_University | The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune,... | Title: Northwestern_University
Background: The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding ... | {
"text": [
"a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Northwestern_University\n\nBackground: The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing sea... | Title: Northwestern_University
Background: The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding ... | [
"The first mascot of Northwestern Athletics was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw.",
"The first mascot of Northwestern Athletics was a live, caged bear cub named Furpaw from the Lincoln Park Zoo.",
"The first mascot of Northwestern Athletics was a live, caged bear cub named Furpaw.",... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a5455d2134fea001a0e1731 | Muslim_world | Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers and arches, organized and interwo... | Title: Muslim_world
Background: Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers ... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Muslim_world\n\nBackground: Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs... | Title: Muslim_world
Background: Distinguishing motifs of Islamic architecture have always been ordered repetition, radiating structures, and rhythmic, metric patterns. In this respect, fractal geometry has been a key utility, especially for mosques and palaces. Other features employed as motifs include columns, piers ... | [
"The Dome of the Rock mosque in Jerusalem was built with a dome in the 6th century.",
"The mosque that was built with a dome in the 6th century is the Dome of the Rock mosque.",
"The Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey was built with a dome in the 6th century. However, it is important to note that the dome was not... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
2,
7,
7,
2,
8
] |
5acfc41c77cf76001a685dd9 | Zinc | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | Title: Zinc
Background: Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminiu... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Zinc\n\nBackground: Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% c... | Title: Zinc
Background: Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminiu... | [
"The only metal used in pipe organs is zinc.",
"The only metal used in pipe organs is zinc.",
"The metal used in pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes is zinc.",
"The only metal used in pipe organs is lead. However, contemporary pipe organs often use a lead/tin alloy instead ... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[2]]\n"
] | [
2,
2,
7,
7,
2
] |
56d106be17492d1400aab774 | New_York_City | Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others cite the end of the crack epidemic and demographic changes,... | Title: New_York_City
Background: Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others cite the end of the crack... | {
"text": [
"lead"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: New_York_City\n\nBackground: Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others c... | Title: New_York_City
Background: Sociologists and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD, including its use of CompStat and the broken windows theory. Others cite the end of the crack... | [
"Being exposed to lead pollution has been theorized to increase aggression.",
"Lead pollution.",
"The type of pollution that has been theorized to increase aggression and possibly incited the initial crime wave in New York City is lead pollution from automobile exhaust.",
"The type of pollution that has been ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5ad16fd0645df0001a2d1b55 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since n... | Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Background: General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Rep... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States\n\nBackground: General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maint... | Title: Military_history_of_the_United_States
Background: General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Rep... | [
"Washington did not seize power after defeating the British Army. He retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.",
"Washington did not seize power after defeating the British Army.",
"George Washington did not seek to seize power after defeating the British Army. He retired quietly to his farm in Virginia.",
"It... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
57299a5eaf94a219006aa550 | CBC_Television | On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.). Instead of the infomer... | Title: CBC_Television
Background: On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to... | {
"text": [
"local news, primetime series, movies and other programming from the CBC library"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: CBC_Television\n\nBackground: On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typ... | Title: CBC_Television
Background: On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to... | [
"CBC uses unallotted airtime for repeats, including local news, primetime series, movies, and other programming from its library.",
"CBC uses unallotted airtime for repeats of local news, primetime series, movies, and other programming from its library.",
"CBC uses unallotted airtime to air repeats, including l... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
8
] |
5730f90c497a881900248ab3 | Immaculate_Conception | The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foreshadowings of Mary's "wondrous abundance of d... | Title: Immaculate_Conception
Background: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foresha... | {
"text": [
"papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Immaculate_Conception\n\nBackground: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said... | Title: Immaculate_Conception
Background: The papal bull defining the dogma, Ineffabilis Deus, mentioned in particular the patrististic interpretation of Genesis 3:15 as referring to a woman, Mary, who would be eternally at enmity with the evil serpent and completely triumphing over him. It said the Fathers saw foresha... | [
"The holy document that takes the view of Mary back to the creation of man and woman is \"Ineffabilis Deus\" papal bull, issued by Pope Pius IX in 1854. It defines the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of Mary and mentions various patristic interpretations of Genesis 3:15, which are seen as foreshadowings of Mary'... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
10,
9,
8,
7,
8
] |
572f65c704bcaa1900d768d3 | Railway_electrification_system | Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elec... | Title: Railway_electrification_system
Background: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in... | {
"text": [
"Central station"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Railway_electrification_system\n\nBackground: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors d... | Title: Railway_electrification_system
Background: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in... | [
"The efficiency of an electric railway system depends on a variety of factors such as the type of rolling stock used, the distance between stations, the speed of the trains, the voltage and frequency of the electricity, and the power distribution infrastructure. In general, electric trains tend to be more energy-ef... | [
"[[4]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[6]]\n"
] | [
4,
7,
7,
7,
6
] |
570a2cda6d058f1900182cd1 | Beer | Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, and act as a filter bed... | Title: Beer
Background: Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash... | {
"text": [
"After malting"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Beer\n\nBackground: Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with t... | Title: Beer
Background: Nearly all beer includes barley malt as the majority of the starch. This is because its fibrous hull remains attached to the grain during threshing. After malting, barley is milled, which finally removes the hull, breaking it into large pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash... | [
"Barley has its hull broken up into pieces during milling, which is typically done after malting.",
"During the milling process, barley is ground into mash, which breaks up the hull into smaller pieces. These pieces remain with the grain during the mash, acting as a filter bed during lautering.",
"Barley has it... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
8,
10,
10,
10
] |
570a5ec86d058f1900182dce | Beer | Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called "... | Title: Beer
Background: Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat por... | {
"text": [
"sorghum or millet"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Beer\n\nBackground: Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a l... | Title: Beer
Background: Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat por... | [
"The type of starch used to make the beer Oshikundu is sorghum.",
"The type of starch used to make the beer Oshikundu is sorghum.",
"The type of starch used to make the beer Oshikundu is sorghum.",
"The type of starch used to make Oshikundu is sorghum starch.",
"The type of starch used to make the beer Oshi... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5acd8f1007355d001abf4718 | Railway_electrification_system | Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in non-nominal regimes at low power while if an elec... | Title: Railway_electrification_system
Background: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Railway_electrification_system\n\nBackground: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors d... | Title: Railway_electrification_system
Background: Central station electricity can often be generated with higher efficiency than a mobile engine/generator. While the efficiency of power plant generation and diesel locomotive generation are roughly the same in the nominal regime, diesel motors decrease in efficiency in... | [
"The diesel train can save energy by regenerative braking.",
"The diesel train can save energy by regenerative braking.",
"Regenerative braking. When the train slows down or comes to a stop, it uses regenerative braking to capture energy from the motion of the train and convert it into electricity, which is the... | [
"[[0]]\n",
"[[0]]\n",
"[[0]]\n",
"[[0]]\n",
"[[0]]\n"
] | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
] |
570f55cf5ab6b81900390ef1 | Circadian_rhythm | The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. T... | Title: Circadian_rhythm
Background: The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information a... | {
"text": [
"complete absence"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Circadian_rhythm\n\nBackground: The primary circadian \"clock\" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The ... | Title: Circadian_rhythm
Background: The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information a... | [
"The loss of SCN cells would cause a complete absence of a regular sleep-wake rhythm, also known as an \"internal time\" disorder. This condition is called \"amenorrhea\" in humans and \"circadian rhythm disorder\" in other animals. The lack of a regular sleep-wake cycle can lead to various health problems, includi... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
7,
10,
10,
9,
10
] |
5726d4445951b619008f7f4b | Madonna_(entertainer) | The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Commercially, the album peaked at number one in numerous countries and sold mo... | Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Background: The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Commercially, the album peaked at nu... | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Madonna_(entertainer)\n\nBackground: The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it \"one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s\" and Rolling Stone listed it among \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\". Commerci... | Title: Madonna_(entertainer)
Background: The album garnered critical acclaim. Ray of Light was honored with four Grammy Awards. In 2003, Slant Magazine called it "one of the great pop masterpieces of the '90s" and Rolling Stone listed it among "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Commercially, the album peaked at nu... | [
"Ray of Light won four Grammy Awards, not Emmy Awards.",
"Ray of Light won four Grammy Awards.",
"Ray of Light did not win any Emmy awards.",
"Ray of Light won four Grammy Awards.",
"Ray of Light won four Grammy Awards. It did not win any Emmy awards."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[0]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[0]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
0,
10,
0,
10
] |
572f986a947a6a140053cab9 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" ba... | Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Background: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics ... | {
"text": [
"athletics were to be henceforth played on a \"strictly amateur\" basis with no athletic scholarships."
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis\n\nBackground: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the dec... | Title: Washington_University_in_St._Louis
Background: After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics ... | [
"Arthur Holly Compton declared that athletics were to be played on a \"strictly amateur\" basis with no athletic scholarships at Washington University.",
"Arthur Holly Compton declared that athletics were to be played on a \"strictly amateur\" basis with no athletic scholarships.",
"Arthur Holly Compton declare... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572aab9634ae481900deac13 | John_Kerry | James Rassmann, a Green Beret advisor who was aboard Kerry's PCF-94, was knocked overboard when, according to witnesses and the documentation of the event, a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat. According to the documentation for the event, Kerry's arm was injured when he was thrown against a bulkhead during the ... | Title: John_Kerry
Background: James Rassmann, a Green Beret advisor who was aboard Kerry's PCF-94, was knocked overboard when, according to witnesses and the documentation of the event, a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat. According to the documentation for the event, Kerry's arm was injured when he was thrown... | {
"text": [
"heroic achievement"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: John_Kerry\n\nBackground: James Rassmann, a Green Beret advisor who was aboard Kerry's PCF-94, was knocked overboard when, according to witnesses and the documentation of the event, a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat. According to the documentation for the event, Kerry's arm was in... | Title: John_Kerry
Background: James Rassmann, a Green Beret advisor who was aboard Kerry's PCF-94, was knocked overboard when, according to witnesses and the documentation of the event, a mine or rocket exploded close to the boat. According to the documentation for the event, Kerry's arm was injured when he was thrown... | [
"The \"V\" in the \"Bronze Star Medal with Combat 'V'\" denotes that the medal was awarded for combat-related actions.",
"The Combat \"V\" is a symbol added to military awards and decorations to denote combat participation. It indicates that the recipient performed their duties in an environment of hostility and ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
8
] |
572ba8ea111d821400f38f3e | Education | Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach d... | Title: Education
Background: Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are af... | {
"text": [
"low cost private schools"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Education\n\nBackground: Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around wh... | Title: Education
Background: Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are af... | [
"LCPS stands for Low-Cost Private Schools.",
"LCPS stands for Low Cost Private Schools.",
"LCPS stands for \"low-cost private schools.\"",
"LCPS stands for Low Cost Private Schools.",
"LCPS stands for Low Cost Private Schools."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5726fc4f708984140094d7bf | Myanmar | Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and ministry posts usually held by ... | Title: Myanmar
Background: Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and min... | {
"text": [
"Army, the Navy, and the Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Myanmar\n\nBackground: Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with... | Title: Myanmar
Background: Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and min... | [
"The traditional branches of the military in Burma are the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.",
"Myanmar, also known as Burma, has three traditional branches of the military: the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.",
"Burma, officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, has three traditional branches... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a7a20d417ab25001a8a035f | Czech_language | Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxi... | Title: Czech_language
Background: Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in ... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Czech_language\n\nBackground: Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about it... | Title: Czech_language
Background: Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in ... | [
"Enclitics in English typically appear at the end of a sentence.",
"Enclitics in English typically appear in the second or third position in a sentence, after the first stressed word or after a certain point in the sentence structure, depending on the type of enclitic being used. They do not have a fixed position... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[4]]\n",
"[[3]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n"
] | [
2,
4,
3,
2,
2
] |
570c3527ec8fbc190045bdab | Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation | During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Nebraska Omaha said the number of shots found to be unj... | Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Background: During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Neb... | {
"text": [
"5 cases"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation\n\nBackground: During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice ... | Title: Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation
Background: During the period from 1993 to 2011, FBI agents fired their weapons on 289 occasions; FBI internal reviews found the shots justified in all but 5 cases, in none of the 5 cases were people wounded. Samuel Walker, a professor of criminal justice at the University of Neb... | [
"Based on the provided information, the number of FBI shots that were not justified is 5.",
"5 times",
"Based on the information provided, there were 5 instances where FBI shots were not justified during the period from 1993 to 2011.",
"The number of times FBI shots were not justified during the period from 1... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
7
] |
56d1cc5ae7d4791d009021ce | Buddhism | In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra and the Mahāyāna Mahāp... | Title: Buddhism
Background: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya... | {
"text": [
"Genshin"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Buddhism\n\nBackground: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus... | Title: Buddhism
Background: In Theravada Buddhism there can be no divine salvation or forgiveness for one's karma, since it is a purely impersonal process that is a part of the makeup of the universe.[citation needed] In Mahayana Buddhism, the texts of certain Mahayana sutras (such as the Lotus Sutra, the Aṅgulimālīya... | [
"Genshin",
"The Japanese Pure Land teacher is Genshin.",
"The Japanese Pure Land teacher was Genshin.",
"The Japanese Pure Land teacher referred to in the text is Genshin.",
"The Japanese Pure Land teacher referred to in the question is Genshin."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
570c943eb3d812140066d234 | FC_Barcelona | In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco's dictatorship. The new presiden... | Title: FC_Barcelona
Background: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco... | {
"text": [
"22 years"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: FC_Barcelona\n\nBackground: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 19... | Title: FC_Barcelona
Background: In 1978, Josep Lluís Núñez became the first elected president of FC Barcelona, and, since then, the members of Barcelona have elected the club president. The process of electing a president of FC Barcelona was closely tied to Spain's transition to democracy in 1974 and the end of Franco... | [
"Josep Lluís Núñez was the first elected president of FC Barcelona and served for 22 years.",
"Josep Lluís Núñez was president of FC Barcelona for 22 years.",
"Josep Lluís Núñez was the president of FC Barcelona for 22 years, from 1978 to 1994.",
"Josep Lluís Núñez was the president of FC Barcelona for 22 yea... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e0a753231d4119001ac341 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Background: On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha ... | {
"text": [
"fourteen"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic\n\nBackground: On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the \"Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States\" (kn... | Title: Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic
Background: On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha ... | [
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of fourteen articles.",
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of 14 articles.",
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of 14 articles.",
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of 14 articles.",
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of fourteen articles."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5728eeca4b864d19001650c0 | Samurai | The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a strong defensive point against the Mongols. The Mongols a... | Title: Samurai
Background: The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a strong defensive point agains... | {
"text": [
"1277"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Samurai\n\nBackground: The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a stron... | Title: Samurai
Background: The Japanese defenders recognized the possibility of a renewed invasion, and began construction of a great stone barrier around Hakata Bay in 1276. Completed in 1277, this wall stretched for 20 kilometers around the border of the bay. This would later serve as a strong defensive point agains... | [
"Japan finished building the Hakata Bay barrier in 1277.",
"Japan finished building the Hakata Bay barrier in 1277.",
"Japan finished building the Hakata Bay barrier in 1277.",
"Japan finished building the Hakata Bay barrier in 1277.",
"Japan finished building the Hakata Bay barrier in 1277."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
57281d864b864d19001644c6 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of St. John's, ... | Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Background: Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's ... | {
"text": [
"Christian"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBackground: Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in... | Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Background: Predominantly Christian, the population of St. John's was once divided along sectarian (Catholic/Protestant) lines. In recent years, this sectarianism has declined significantly, and is no longer a commonly acknowledged facet of life in St. John's. St. John's ... | [
"The largest religion in St. John's is Christianity, with the largest denomination being Catholic. However, it is important to note that the population of St. John's is predominantly Christian and there is a significant decline in all major Christian sects from 2001 to 2011 with a large increase in those with no re... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
8,
7,
7,
7,
9
] |
5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff454 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St Helena and South Africa once each year... | Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Background: The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St H... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Tristan_da_Cunha\n\nBackground: The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect... | Title: Tristan_da_Cunha
Background: The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St H... | [
"The islands can be reached by sea.",
"The islands can be reached by sea, as mentioned in the background information. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. Additionally, the RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St Helena and South Africa once each year duri... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
2,
8,
8,
2,
8
] |
5a63b1657f3c80001a150b09 | Germans | A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" deve... | Title: Germans
Background: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms de... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Germans\n\nBackground: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, a... | Title: Germans
Background: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms de... | [
"Germans",
"The Germans emerged as an ethnicity following the Middle Ages, as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century.",
"The ethnicity that emerged following the Middle Ages is the German ethnicity.",
"Germans",
"... | [
"[[2]]\n",
"[[6]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n"
] | [
2,
6,
2,
2,
2
] |
573254dab9d445190005ea45 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, only about half of those who self-identifie... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, o... | {
"text": [
"low"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses\n\nBackground: The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their ... | Title: Jehovah%27s_Witnesses
Background: The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry; official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. As a result, o... | [
"The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey discovered that about 37% of people raised in the religion continued to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses.",
"The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey discovered that about 37% of people raised in the religion continued to identify the... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56f966c39b226e1400dd1405 | Marshall_Islands | The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio. | Title: Marshall_Islands
Background: The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.
Question: What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?
Answer: | {
"text": [
"Enen-kio"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Marshall_Islands\n\nBackground: The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.\n\nQuestion: What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?\n\nAn... | Title: Marshall_Islands
Background: The Marshall Islands also lays claim to Wake Island. While Wake has been administered by the United States since 1899, the Marshallese government refers to it by the name Enen-kio.
Question: What does the Marshall Islands government call Wake Island?
Answer: | [
"The Marshallese government refers to Wake Island by the name Enen-kio.",
"The Marshallese government refers to Wake Island by the name Enen-kio.",
"The Marshall Islands government refers to Wake Island by the name Enen-kio.",
"The Marshall Islands government refers to Wake Island by the name Enen-kio.",
"T... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e08b457aa994140058e5e5 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in the context of living organi... | Title: Hydrogen
Background: Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in... | {
"text": [
"organic chemistry"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Hydrogen\n\nBackground: Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chem... | Title: Hydrogen
Background: Hydrogen forms a vast array of compounds with carbon called the hydrocarbons, and an even vaster array with heteroatoms that, because of their general association with living things, are called organic compounds. The study of their properties is known as organic chemistry and their study in... | [
"The study of organic compounds properties is known as organic chemistry.",
"The study of organic compounds properties is known as Organic Chemistry.",
"The study of organic compounds is known as organic chemistry.",
"Organic chemistry",
"The study of the properties of organic compounds is known as organic ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56f83b32a6d7ea1400e174e9 | Southampton | Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton. | Title: Southampton
Background: Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.
Question: Ruins of merchants' homes t... | {
"text": [
"12th"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Southampton\n\nBackground: Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.\n\nQuestion: R... | Title: Southampton
Background: Surviving remains of 12th century merchants' houses such as King John's House and Canute's Palace are evidence of the wealth that existed in the town at this time. In 1348, the Black Death reached England via merchant vessels calling at Southampton.
Question: Ruins of merchants' homes t... | [
"12th century",
"12th century",
"12th century",
"The ruins of merchants' homes that survive today are evidence that Southampton had rich people in the 12th century.",
"12th century"
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e10842cd28a01900c67481 | Catalan_language | Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish aut... | {
"text": [
"Andorra"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Catalan_language\n\nBackground: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official lan... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish aut... | [
"Andorra",
"Catalan is the only official language of Andorra.",
"Catalan is the only official language of Andorra.",
"Andorra",
"Catalan is the only official language of Andorra."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56de2e2d4396321400ee2644 | Architecture | While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing all criteria of the use, percepti... | Title: Architecture
Background: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing ... | {
"text": [
"Function"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Architecture\n\nBackground: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of \"function\" in place of Vitruvius' \"utility\". \"Function\" ca... | Title: Architecture
Background: While the notion that structural and aesthetic considerations should be entirely subject to functionality was met with both popularity and skepticism, it had the effect of introducing the concept of "function" in place of Vitruvius' "utility". "Function" came to be seen as encompassing ... | [
"The term that replaced Vitruvius' term \"utility\" was \"function\".",
"The term that replaced Vitruvius' term \"utility\" was \"function\".",
"The term that replaced Vitruvius' term \"utility\" was \"function\".",
"The term that replaced Vitruvius' term \"utility\" was \"function\".",
"The term that repla... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56d1ebdfe7d4791d00902579 | Buddhism | Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately to statements of the Buddha ... | Title: Buddhism
Background: Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately... | {
"text": [
"Sakya"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Buddhism\n\nBackground: Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Ab... | Title: Buddhism
Background: Besides emptiness, Mahayana schools often place emphasis on the notions of perfected spiritual insight (prajñāpāramitā) and Buddha-nature (tathāgatagarbha). There are conflicting interpretations of the tathāgatagarbha in Mahāyāna thought. The idea may be traced to Abhidharma, and ultimately... | [
"According to the Sakya school, tathāgatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind.",
"According to the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, tathagatagarbha is the inseparability of the clarity and emptiness of one's mind.",
"According to the Sakya and Nyingma schools, tathāgatagarbha... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5726dd7af1498d1400e8ede5 | Copyright_infringement | Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion, what... | Title: Copyright_infringement
Background: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that the industry at the tim... | {
"text": [
"perfect bubble"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Copyright_infringement\n\nBackground: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that... | Title: Copyright_infringement
Background: Professor Aram Sinnreich, in his book The Piracy Crusade, states that the connection between declining music sails and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as Napster is tenuous, based on correlation rather than causation. He argues that the industry at the tim... | [
"Professor Aram Sinnreich calls the merging of economic, political, and technological forces that drove the music industry a \"'perfect bubble'\".",
"The merging of economic, political and technological forces that drove the music industry, as described by Professor Aram Sinnreich in his book The Piracy Crusade, ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5a82f946e60761001a2eb285 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | Title: Infection
Background: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the Ame... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Infection\n\nBackground: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds i... | Title: Infection
Background: Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the Ame... | [
"There is not enough information provided to accurately answer this question.",
"In clinical practice, it is rarely seen that a chronic wound is completely uninfected, meaning that infection is almost always present in some degree.",
"Infection in chronic wounds is not commonly seen in clinical practice. This i... | [
"[[1]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
1,
2,
2,
2,
7
] |
5726341a271a42140099d751 | Queen_Victoria | Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ... | Title: Queen_Victoria
Background: Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electo... | {
"text": [
"1868"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Queen_Victoria\n\nBackground: Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 ... | Title: Queen_Victoria
Background: Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electo... | [
"Derby resigned in 1868.",
"Derby resigned in 1868.",
"Derby resigned in 1868.",
"Derby resigned in 1868.",
"Derby resigned in 1868."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
570612ce52bb891400689855 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Traymore Hotel. | Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Background: In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Tra... | {
"text": [
"large hotels"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey\n\nBackground: In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Bl... | Title: Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey
Background: In the early part of the 20th century, Atlantic City went through a radical building boom. Many of the modest boarding houses that dotted the boardwalk were replaced with large hotels. Two of the city's most distinctive hotels were the Marlborough-Blenheim Hotel and the Tra... | [
"Large hotels.",
"Large hotels.",
"The answer is large hotels.",
"The answer is large hotels.",
"Large hotels."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572f0002cb0c0d14000f16f6 | Modern_history | The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Company, in 1765, when the Company was gr... | Title: Modern_history
Background: The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Compan... | {
"text": [
"the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers."
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Modern_history\n\nBackground: The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the B... | Title: Modern_history
Background: The development of New Imperialism saw the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India commenced in 1757, after the Battle of Plassey, when the Nawab of Bengal surrendered his dominions to the British East India Compan... | [
"The development of New Imperialism caused numerous changes in the world, including the conquest of nearly all eastern hemisphere territories by colonial powers. The commercial colonization of India, which began in 1757 after the Battle of Plassey, resulted in the British East India Company gaining the diwani, or t... | [
"[[6]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
6,
7,
8,
8,
8
] |
57312d39497a881900248c12 | Egypt | Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's only contiguous Eurafrasi... | Title: Egypt
Background: Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's... | {
"text": [
"Sinai Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Egypt\n\nBackground: Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peni... | Title: Egypt
Background: Egypt (i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khemi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia, via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is the world's... | [
"The Sinai Peninsula is the land bridge between Asia and Africa. It is located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and connects Egypt to Asia. This land bridge has played a significant role in history, as it has facilitated the movement of people and goods between the two continents for thousands of years... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
8,
10,
10,
10,
9
] |
5727784ddd62a815002e9dbb | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was de... | Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Background: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from Europ... | {
"text": [
"modern history and early modern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Late_Middle_Ages\n\nBackground: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never en... | Title: Late_Middle_Ages
Background: The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from Europ... | [
"Many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of modern history and early modern Europe.",
"Many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of modern history and early modern Europe.",
"Many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of modern history and early modern Europe.... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
8,
10
] |
572818b93acd2414000df475 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities, and has the mildest winter for any Canadian city outside of... | Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Background: Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities,... | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador\n\nBackground: Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison t... | Title: St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador
Background: Of major Canadian cities, St. John's is the foggiest (124 days), windiest (24.3 km/h (15.1 mph) average speed), and cloudiest (1,497 hours of sunshine). St. John's experiences milder temperatures during the winter season in comparison to other Canadian cities,... | [
"St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador",
"The foggiest Canadian city is St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, with a total of 124 days of fog each year.",
"The foggiest Canadian city is St. John's, with a total of 124 foggy days per year.",
"St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador is the foggiest Canadian city... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572792345951b619008f8ddc | Baptists | Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became "Puritan, English Separatist, and then a Baptist Separa... | Title: Baptists
Background: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became "Puritan, English Separati... | {
"text": [
"Amsterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Baptists\n\nBackground: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became \"... | Title: Baptists
Background: Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, he had broken his ties with the Church of England. Reared in the Church of England, he became "Puritan, English Separati... | [
"Amsterdam",
"The earliest Baptist church is traced back to Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor.",
"Historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor.",
"The earliest Baptist church can be traced back to Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor.",
"Historians... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56de3a30cffd8e1900b4b69c | Southern_Europe | The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Eur... | Title: Southern_Europe
Background: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a ... | {
"text": [
"the Crusades"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Southern_Europe\n\nBackground: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The... | Title: Southern_Europe
Background: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a ... | [
"The period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity is known as the Crusades.",
"The period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity is known as the Crusades.",
"The period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity is known as the Crusades.",
"The period o... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
57319f2f0fdd8d15006c63f9 | YouTube | YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Users wishing to post a video d... | Title: YouTube
Background: YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Use... | {
"text": [
"outside their website"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: YouTube\n\nBackground: YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social network... | Title: YouTube
Background: YouTube offers users the ability to view its videos on web pages outside their website. Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML that can be used to embed it on any page on the Web. This functionality is often used to embed YouTube videos in social networking pages and blogs. Use... | [
"Youtube offers users the option to watch content on their website or through their mobile app. They can also watch content on web pages outside their website using the embed code provided by YouTube.",
"YouTube offers users the option to watch content on their website and through the YouTube app. Additionally, u... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
9,
10,
9
] |
573044ce947a6a140053d387 | 51st_state | Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the stat... | Title: 51st_state
Background: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin l... | {
"text": [
"Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: 51st_state\n\nBackground: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluis... | Title: 51st_state
Background: Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin l... | [
"Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla",
"The politician who fought against statehood for Puerto Rico is Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla.",
"Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla fought against statehood for Puerto Rico.",
"Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla fought against statehood for Puert... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
8,
10,
10,
10
] |
56e16f1dcd28a01900c67923 | Catalan_language | The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna. However, the Arabic element in Spani... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna.... | {
"text": [
"Arabic element"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Catalan_language\n\nBackground: The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia \"large earthenware jar\" and rajola \"tile\", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli \"oil\" and oliva \"olive\", of Latin origin, contrast w... | Title: Catalan_language
Background: The same happens with Arabic loanwords. Thus, Catalan alfàbia "large earthenware jar" and rajola "tile", of Arabic origin, contrast with Spanish tinaja and teja, of Latin origin; whereas Catalan oli "oil" and oliva "olive", of Latin origin, contrast with Spanish aceite and aceituna.... | [
"The element in Spanish that is more prominent than in Catalan is the influence of Latin language and culture. While Catalan has some Arabic loanwords, Spanish has a significant number of Latin loanwords and has been heavily influenced by the Roman Empire. This is evident in many aspects of Spanish language, includ... | [
"[[4]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[4]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
4,
9,
2,
4,
10
] |
5ad29f56d7d075001a429c6a | Multiracial_American | Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People buried fading memories that many whites had ... | Title: Multiracial_American
Background: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People bur... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Multiracial_American\n\nBackground: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of r... | Title: Multiracial_American
Background: Racial discrimination continued to be enacted in new laws in the 20th century, for instance the one-drop rule was enacted in Virginia's 1924 Racial Integrity Law and in other southern states, in part influenced by the popularity of eugenics and ideas of racial purity. People bur... | [
"In the late 19th century, laws were proposed and passed in South Carolina that would have enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans, similar to the laws enacted in the early 20th century in Virginia. However, these laws were not ultimately passed.",
"In the late 19th century in Sou... | [
"[[6]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[6]]\n"
] | [
6,
8,
2,
8,
6
] |
56cfb9bf234ae51400d9bf08 | Solar_energy | The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface... | Title: Solar_energy
Background: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of ... | {
"text": [
"approximately 3,000 EJ per year"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Solar_energy\n\nBackground: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in... | Title: Solar_energy
Background: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of ... | [
"3,000 exajoules per year",
"Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.",
"Approximately 3,000 EJ per year is captured by photosynthesis.",
"Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 exajoules (EJ) per year.",
"3,000 EJ per year."
] | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
5ad566cc5b96ef001a10ade3 | Macintosh | By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market share to predict Apple's impend... | Title: Macintosh
Background: By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market s... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Macintosh\n\nBackground: By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's r... | Title: Macintosh
Background: By March 2011, the market share of OS X in North America had increased to slightly over 14%. Whether the size of the Mac's market share and installed base is relevant, and to whom, is a hotly debated issue. Industry pundits have often called attention to the Mac's relatively small market s... | [
"Microsoft draws its customer base from a broad demographic, including both individuals and businesses of various sizes. However, it is commonly acknowledged that Microsoft's target market is the mainstream personal computer market, which includes a wide range of customers across different income levels and demogra... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[2]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
8,
7,
2,
10,
7
] |
56eab0195a205f1900d6d406 | Political_corruption | Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society. | Title: Political_corruption
Background: Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.
Question: What does Drivers of Change promote?
Answer: | {
"text": [
"understanding corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Political_corruption\n\nBackground: Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.\n\nQuestion: What does Drivers of Change prom... | Title: Political_corruption
Background: Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.
Question: What does Drivers of Change promote?
Answer: | [
"Drivers of Change promotes understanding corruption through a political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society. This approach emphasizes the role of power dynamics, political and economic interests, and societal norms and values in contributing to corruption. It also recognizes the importance of... | [
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
9,
10,
10,
9,
10
] |
56f8a99d9b226e1400dd0d92 | Alps | Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found throughout the region. Ab... | Title: Alps
Background: Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found ... | {
"text": [
"because of regional fluctuations in tree lines."
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Alps\n\nBackground: Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soi... | Title: Alps
Background: Above the forestry, there is often a band of short pine trees (Pinus mugo), which is in turn superseded by Alpenrosen, dwarf shrubs, typically Rhododendron ferrugineum (on acid soils) or Rhododendron hirsutum (on alkaline soils). Although the Alpenrose prefers acidic soil, the plants are found ... | [
"The alpine area fluctuates greatly because of regional fluctuations in tree lines. Tree lines are influenced by a variety of factors, including temperature, precipitation, and soil conditions. As temperatures warm, tree lines tend to shift upward, and as temperatures cool, tree lines tend to shift downward. This c... | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n"
] | [
8,
7,
7,
8,
7
] |
5727f2323acd2414000df07f | Northwestern_University | Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of n... | Title: Northwestern_University
Background: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern a... | {
"text": [
"Approximately 44"
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Northwestern_University\n\nBackground: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost... | Title: Northwestern_University
Background: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern a... | [
"According to the provided information, 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education.",
"Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates received federal and/or private loans, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.",
"Approximately 44 per... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
56d2955559d6e414001460e4 | Buddhism | Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by Buddhists since they were all ... | Title: Buddhism
Background: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by B... | {
"text": [
"The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Buddhism\n\nBackground: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be e... | Title: Buddhism
Background: Various classes of Vajrayana literature developed as a result of royal courts sponsoring both Buddhism and Saivism. The Mañjusrimulakalpa, which later came to classified under Kriyatantra, states that mantras taught in the Saiva, Garuda and Vaisnava tantras will be effective if applied by B... | [
"The work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition is the Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra.",
"The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra is a work associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition.",
"The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra is associated with the Guhyasamaja tradition.",
"The Guhyasiddhi of Padmavajra is associated with the Guh... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
572fb308b2c2fd1400568377 | Greeks | The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan... | Title: Greeks
Background: The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century'... | {
"text": [
"classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Greeks\n\nBackground: The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian W... | Title: Greeks
Background: The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century'... | [
"The time span that is counted as the classical period for the Greeks is typically from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC.",
"The time span that is counted as the classical for the Greeks is from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC.",
"Th... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[9]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
9
] |
572938fe3f37b31900478120 | Insect | The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features being the second pair of legs ... | Title: Insect
Background: The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features bei... | {
"text": [
"thorax"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Insect\n\nBackground: The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, wit... | Title: Insect
Background: The thorax is a tagma composed of three sections, the prothorax, mesothorax and the metathorax. The anterior segment, closest to the head, is the prothorax, with the major features being the first pair of legs and the pronotum. The middle segment is the mesothorax, with the major features bei... | [
"The other term for tagma is segment or somite.",
"Another term for tagma is segment.",
"The other term for tagma is \"body segment.\"",
"Another term for tagma is segment.",
"Another term for tagma is body segment or somite."
] | [
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
8,
7,
8,
7,
10
] |
56de24b24396321400ee2600 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the... | Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Background: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislatu... | {
"text": [
"the framers of the United States Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution\n\nBackground: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of ... | Title: Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution
Background: During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as John Locke advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislatu... | [
"Montesquieu's philosophy impacted the thoughts of the framers of the United States Constitution.",
"Montesquieu's philosophy on the separation of powers had a significant impact on the thoughts of the framers of the United States Constitution, which is evident in the structure of the government outlined in the C... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n"
] | [
7,
7,
7,
7,
8
] |
5acfb16777cf76001a6858cc | Architecture | Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria... | Title: Architecture
Background: Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and metho... | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Architecture\n\nBackground: Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating... | Title: Architecture
Background: Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and metho... | [
"An example of a domestic style would be a Victorian-era home with its ornate woodwork, steeply pitched roof, and symmetrical facade.",
"An example of Domestic Style architecture is the Victorian-era homes that were popular during the late 19th century. These homes typically feature steeply pitched roofs, ornate ... | [
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[7]]\n",
"[[8]]\n",
"[[6]]\n"
] | [
7,
8,
7,
8,
6
] |
572ef1abcb0c0d14000f168b | Antenna_(radio) | An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. a high freque... | Title: Antenna_(radio)
Background: An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at... | {
"text": [
"radio transmitter or radio receiver"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} | [
{
"content": "Title: Antenna_(radio)\n\nBackground: An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electri... | Title: Antenna_(radio)
Background: An antenna (plural antennae or antennas), or aerial, is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at... | [
"The device often used in conjunction with the antenna is a radio transmitter or radio receiver.",
"A radio transmitter or radio receiver.",
"Radio transmitter or radio receiver.",
"Radio transmitter or radio receiver.",
"The device often used in conjunction with the antenna is a radio transmitter or radio ... | [
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n",
"[[10]]\n"
] | [
10,
10,
10,
10,
10
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.