[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 WEP - De-authentication?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform 🛠 WEP - De-authentication?

Response: aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - de-authentication. De-authentication

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --deauth 10 -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - de-authentication. De-authentication


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does 🛠 WEP - ARP replay work?

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> Tips and requirements
>
> * An associated state is needed. Testers can either run a fake authentication attack or spoof a legitimate client's MAC address with the -h option on aireplay-ng.
> * Connected clients are needed.
>
> In order to make that operation more effective, it is possible to combine the ARP replay technique with a de-authentication attack.

The "ARP replay" mode of aireplay-ng can be used to gather new IVs by listening to ARP packets and resending them to the AP. The data will be captured by airodump-ng and saved in a capture file with the name supplied on the --write argument.

> The classic ARP request replay attack is the most effective way to generate new initialization vectors (IVs), and works very reliably. The program listens for an ARP packet then retransmits it back to the access point. This, in turn, causes the access point to repeat the ARP packet with a new IV. The program retransmits the same ARP packet over and over. However, each ARP packet repeated by the access point has a new IVs. It is all these new IVs which allow you to determine the WEP key. (source)

``bash
aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface
``

![](<./assets/ARP replay aireplay.png>){.rawimg}

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
> [!TIP]
> Tips and requirements
>
> * An associated state is needed. Testers can either run a fake authentication attack or spoof a legitimate client's MAC address with the -h option on aireplay-ng.
> * Connected clients are needed.
>
> In order to make that operation more effective, it is possible to combine the ARP replay technique with a de-authentication attack.

The "ARP replay" mode of aireplay-ng can be used to gather new IVs by listening to ARP packets and resending them to the AP. The data will be captured by airodump-ng and saved in a capture file with the name supplied on the --write argument.

> The classic ARP request replay attack is the most effective way to generate new initialization vectors (IVs), and works very reliably. The program listens for an ARP packet then retransmits it back to the access point. This, in turn, causes the access point to repeat the ARP packet with a new IV. The program retransmits the same ARP packet over and over. However, each ARP packet repeated by the access point has a new IVs. It is all these new IVs which allow you to determine the WEP key. (source)

``bash
aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface
``

![](<./assets/ARP replay aireplay.png>){.rawimg}


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on 🛠 WEP - ARP replay

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> Tips and requirements
>
> * An associated state is needed. Testers can either run a fake authentication attack or spoof a legitimate client's MAC address with the -h option on aireplay-ng.
> * Connected clients are needed.
>
> In order to make that operation more effective, it is possible to combine the ARP replay technique with a de-authentication attack.

The "ARP replay" mode of aireplay-ng can be used to gather new IVs by listening to ARP packets and resending them to the AP. The data will be captured by airodump-ng and saved in a capture file with the name supplied on the --write argument.

> The classic ARP request replay attack is the most effective way to generate new initialization vectors (IVs), and works very reliably. The program listens for an ARP packet then retransmits it back to the access point. This, in turn, causes the access point to repeat the ARP packet with a new IV. The program retransmits the same ARP packet over and over. However, each ARP packet repeated by the access point has a new IVs. It is all these new IVs which allow you to determine the WEP key. (source)

``bash
aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface
``

![](<./assets/ARP replay aireplay.png>){.rawimg}

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
> [!TIP]
> Tips and requirements
>
> * An associated state is needed. Testers can either run a fake authentication attack or spoof a legitimate client's MAC address with the -h option on aireplay-ng.
> * Connected clients are needed.
>
> In order to make that operation more effective, it is possible to combine the ARP replay technique with a de-authentication attack.

The "ARP replay" mode of aireplay-ng can be used to gather new IVs by listening to ARP packets and resending them to the AP. The data will be captured by airodump-ng and saved in a capture file with the name supplied on the --write argument.

> The classic ARP request replay attack is the most effective way to generate new initialization vectors (IVs), and works very reliably. The program listens for an ARP packet then retransmits it back to the access point. This, in turn, causes the access point to repeat the ARP packet with a new IV. The program retransmits the same ARP packet over and over. However, each ARP packet repeated by the access point has a new IVs. It is all these new IVs which allow you to determine the WEP key. (source)

``bash
aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface
``

![](<./assets/ARP replay aireplay.png>){.rawimg}


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the aireplay-ng syntax for 🛠 wep - arp replay?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the aireplay-ng syntax for 🛠 wep - arp replay?

Response: aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 WEP - ARP replay

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - arp replay. ARP replay

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --arpreplay -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - arp replay. ARP replay


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the aireplay-ng syntax for 🛠 wep - fragmentation?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the aireplay-ng syntax for 🛠 wep - fragmentation?

Response: aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 WEP - Fragmentation

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --fragment -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the packetforge-ng command to 🛠 wep - fragmentation

[Assistant] packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the packetforge-ng command to 🛠 wep - fragmentation

Response: packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 WEP - Fragmentation during a pentest?

[Assistant] packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 WEP - Fragmentation during a pentest?

Response: packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `packetforge-ng --arp -a 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' -k 255.255.255.255 -l 255.255.255.255 -y $fragment_file -w crafted-packet`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the aireplay-ng syntax for 🛠 wep - fragmentation?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Response: aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 WEP - Fragmentation?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --interactive -F -r crafted-packet $wlan_interface`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - fragmentation. Fragmentation


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the aireplay-ng command to 🛠 wep - chopchop

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the aireplay-ng command to 🛠 wep - chopchop

Response: aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for 🛠 WEP - ChopChop?

[Assistant] aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for 🛠 WEP - ChopChop?

Response: aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 wep - chopchop. ChopChop

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `aireplay-ng --chopchop -F -b 'TA:RG:ET:BS:SI:DD' -h 'CL:IE:NT:BS:SI:DD' $wlan_interface`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 wep - chopchop. ChopChop


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does 🛠 WPA2 - Attacks work?

[Assistant] //TODO : differences between CCMP and TKIP for cipher ?

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: //TODO : differences between CCMP and TKIP for cipher ?


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for 🛠 WPA2 - Attacks?

[Assistant] //TODO : differences between CCMP and TKIP for cipher ?

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for 🛠 WPA2 - Attacks?

Response: //TODO : differences between CCMP and TKIP for cipher ?


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does 🛠 WPA2 - WPA handshake capture & cracking work?

[Assistant]
clients needed

sniffing + deauth

gives "WPA handshake" followed by AP MAC addr, possible to crack

![](./assets/wpahandshake.png){.rawimg}

either crack with aircrack directly or use aircrack to create a hashcat formatted file

![](./assets/aircrack_crack.png){.rawimg}

preparing hashcat file

![](./assets/aircrack_hashcat.png){.rawimg}

cracking

![](./assets/hashcat.png){.rawimg}

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does 🛠 WPA2 - WPA handshake capture & cracking work?

Response:
clients needed

sniffing + deauth

gives "WPA handshake" followed by AP MAC addr, possible to crack

![](./assets/wpahandshake.png){.rawimg}

either crack with aircrack directly or use aircrack to create a hashcat formatted file

![](./assets/aircrack_crack.png){.rawimg}

preparing hashcat file

![](./assets/aircrack_hashcat.png){.rawimg}

cracking

![](./assets/hashcat.png){.rawimg}


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 WPA2 - WPA handshake capture & cracking

[Assistant]
clients needed

sniffing + deauth

gives "WPA handshake" followed by AP MAC addr, possible to crack

![](./assets/wpahandshake.png){.rawimg}

either crack with aircrack directly or use aircrack to create a hashcat formatted file

![](./assets/aircrack_crack.png){.rawimg}

preparing hashcat file

![](./assets/aircrack_hashcat.png){.rawimg}

cracking

![](./assets/hashcat.png){.rawimg}

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Walk me through 🛠 WPA2 - WPA handshake capture & cracking

Response:
clients needed

sniffing + deauth

gives "WPA handshake" followed by AP MAC addr, possible to crack

![](./assets/wpahandshake.png){.rawimg}

either crack with aircrack directly or use aircrack to create a hashcat formatted file

![](./assets/aircrack_crack.png){.rawimg}

preparing hashcat file

![](./assets/aircrack_hashcat.png){.rawimg}

cracking

![](./assets/hashcat.png){.rawimg}


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about WPS - Theory?

[Assistant]
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a simplified configuration protocol designed to make connecting devices to a secure wireless network easier.
WPS employs an 8-digit PIN for user network connection, verifying the first 4 digits before proceeding to check the remaining 4. This allows for a potential Brute-Force attack on the first set of digits followed by the second set, with a total of only 11,000 possible combinations.

> [!TIP]
> Initially it's 20k possible combinations (10^8 =100.000.000 to 10^4+10^4=20.000) but as the 8th digit of the PIN is always a checksum of digit one to digit seven, there are at most (10^4 +10^3=11.000) attempts needed to find the correct PIN.

Below are some known attacks on Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS):

* PIN Brute-Force: Some routers with WPS allow users to connect by entering an 8-digit PIN code. A brute-force attack involves trying all possible combinations until the correct PIN is found.
* Pixie Dust: This attack exploits a weakness in the generation of WPS encryption keys. It involves exploiting vulnerabilities in certain routers during the creation of WPA/WPA2 encryption keys.
* PIN Revelation: Certain WPS-enabled routers may reveal information about the validity of the PIN during a connection attempt. This information disclosure can aid an attacker in narrowing down the search space during a brute-force attack.
* Access Point Enumeration: Some routers with WPS may be vulnerable to an attack that allows an attacker to determine which access points are present in a given area.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a simplified configuration protocol designed to make connecting devices to a secure wireless network easier.
WPS employs an 8-digit PIN for user network connection, verifying the first 4 digits before proceeding to check the remaining 4. This allows for a potential Brute-Force attack on the first set of digits followed by the second set, with a total of only 11,000 possible combinations.

> [!TIP]
> Initially it's 20k possible combinations (10^8 =100.000.000 to 10^4+10^4=20.000) but as the 8th digit of the PIN is always a checksum of digit one to digit seven, there are at most (10^4 +10^3=11.000) attempts needed to find the correct PIN.

Below are some known attacks on Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS):

* PIN Brute-Force: Some routers with WPS allow users to connect by entering an 8-digit PIN code. A brute-force attack involves trying all possible combinations until the correct PIN is found.
* Pixie Dust: This attack exploits a weakness in the generation of WPS encryption keys. It involves exploiting vulnerabilities in certain routers during the creation of WPA/WPA2 encryption keys.
* PIN Revelation: Certain WPS-enabled routers may reveal information about the validity of the PIN during a connection attempt. This information disclosure can aid an attacker in narrowing down the search space during a brute-force attack.
* Access Point Enumeration: Some routers with WPS may be vulnerable to an attack that allows an attacker to determine which access points are present in a given area.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through WPS - Theory

[Assistant]
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a simplified configuration protocol designed to make connecting devices to a secure wireless network easier.
WPS employs an 8-digit PIN for user network connection, verifying the first 4 digits before proceeding to check the remaining 4. This allows for a potential Brute-Force attack on the first set of digits followed by the second set, with a total of only 11,000 possible combinations.

> [!TIP]
> Initially it's 20k possible combinations (10^8 =100.000.000 to 10^4+10^4=20.000) but as the 8th digit of the PIN is always a checksum of digit one to digit seven, there are at most (10^4 +10^3=11.000) attempts needed to find the correct PIN.

Below are some known attacks on Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS):

* PIN Brute-Force: Some routers with WPS allow users to connect by entering an 8-digit PIN code. A brute-force attack involves trying all possible combinations until the correct PIN is found.
* Pixie Dust: This attack exploits a weakness in the generation of WPS encryption keys. It involves exploiting vulnerabilities in certain routers during the creation of WPA/WPA2 encryption keys.
* PIN Revelation: Certain WPS-enabled routers may reveal information about the validity of the PIN during a connection attempt. This information disclosure can aid an attacker in narrowing down the search space during a brute-force attack.
* Access Point Enumeration: Some routers with WPS may be vulnerable to an attack that allows an attacker to determine which access points are present in a given area.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) is a simplified configuration protocol designed to make connecting devices to a secure wireless network easier.
WPS employs an 8-digit PIN for user network connection, verifying the first 4 digits before proceeding to check the remaining 4. This allows for a potential Brute-Force attack on the first set of digits followed by the second set, with a total of only 11,000 possible combinations.

> [!TIP]
> Initially it's 20k possible combinations (10^8 =100.000.000 to 10^4+10^4=20.000) but as the 8th digit of the PIN is always a checksum of digit one to digit seven, there are at most (10^4 +10^3=11.000) attempts needed to find the correct PIN.

Below are some known attacks on Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS):

* PIN Brute-Force: Some routers with WPS allow users to connect by entering an 8-digit PIN code. A brute-force attack involves trying all possible combinations until the correct PIN is found.
* Pixie Dust: This attack exploits a weakness in the generation of WPS encryption keys. It involves exploiting vulnerabilities in certain routers during the creation of WPA/WPA2 encryption keys.
* PIN Revelation: Certain WPS-enabled routers may reveal information about the validity of the PIN during a connection attempt. This information disclosure can aid an attacker in narrowing down the search space during a brute-force attack.
* Access Point Enumeration: Some routers with WPS may be vulnerable to an attack that allows an attacker to determine which access points are present in a given area.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain WPS - Practice

[Assistant]
Most WPS attacks mentioned below can be conducted using airgeddon (Bash) or wifite2 (Python).

> [!TIP]
> Monitor mode can be activated automatically with these tools. The monitor section would not needed then.

> [!CAUTION]
> Some of the commands listed in this section may require high privileges to run. Containers would also need high privileges on a host.

There are three main methods for setting up a connection using WPS:

* Push Button Configuration (PBC): Press the WPS button on the router and then activate the WPS function on the device to connect. The two devices will automatically establish a connection.
* PIN based Configuration: Each WPS-enabled device has a unique PIN code. It can be entered on the router through its web interface, or vice versa, to establish the connection.
* Near Field Communication Configuration: In which the user has to bring the new client close to the access point to allow a near field communication between the devices. NFC Forum–compliant RFID tags can also be used.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Most WPS attacks mentioned below can be conducted using airgeddon (Bash) or wifite2 (Python).

> [!TIP]
> Monitor mode can be activated automatically with these tools. The monitor section would not needed then.

> [!CAUTION]
> Some of the commands listed in this section may require high privileges to run. Containers would also need high privileges on a host.

There are three main methods for setting up a connection using WPS:

* Push Button Configuration (PBC): Press the WPS button on the router and then activate the WPS function on the device to connect. The two devices will automatically establish a connection.
* PIN based Configuration: Each WPS-enabled device has a unique PIN code. It can be entered on the router through its web interface, or vice versa, to establish the connection.
* Near Field Communication Configuration: In which the user has to bring the new client close to the access point to allow a near field communication between the devices. NFC Forum–compliant RFID tags can also be used.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform WPS - Practice?

[Assistant]
Most WPS attacks mentioned below can be conducted using airgeddon (Bash) or wifite2 (Python).

> [!TIP]
> Monitor mode can be activated automatically with these tools. The monitor section would not needed then.

> [!CAUTION]
> Some of the commands listed in this section may require high privileges to run. Containers would also need high privileges on a host.

There are three main methods for setting up a connection using WPS:

* Push Button Configuration (PBC): Press the WPS button on the router and then activate the WPS function on the device to connect. The two devices will automatically establish a connection.
* PIN based Configuration: Each WPS-enabled device has a unique PIN code. It can be entered on the router through its web interface, or vice versa, to establish the connection.
* Near Field Communication Configuration: In which the user has to bring the new client close to the access point to allow a near field communication between the devices. NFC Forum–compliant RFID tags can also be used.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Most WPS attacks mentioned below can be conducted using airgeddon (Bash) or wifite2 (Python).

> [!TIP]
> Monitor mode can be activated automatically with these tools. The monitor section would not needed then.

> [!CAUTION]
> Some of the commands listed in this section may require high privileges to run. Containers would also need high privileges on a host.

There are three main methods for setting up a connection using WPS:

* Push Button Configuration (PBC): Press the WPS button on the router and then activate the WPS function on the device to connect. The two devices will automatically establish a connection.
* PIN based Configuration: Each WPS-enabled device has a unique PIN code. It can be entered on the router through its web interface, or vice versa, to establish the connection.
* Near Field Communication Configuration: In which the user has to bring the new client close to the access point to allow a near field communication between the devices. NFC Forum–compliant RFID tags can also be used.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What is WPS - Monitor mode?

[Assistant]
The default configuration for wireless interfaces is "Managed" mode, restricting packet capture to those with a "Destination MAC" matching the interface's own MAC address.
To capture all packets within a wireless device's range, switch the mode to "Monitor."

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

The following native commands can be used to have a capable network interface in monitor mode.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
The default configuration for wireless interfaces is "Managed" mode, restricting packet capture to those with a "Destination MAC" matching the interface's own MAC address.
To capture all packets within a wireless device's range, switch the mode to "Monitor."

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

The following native commands can be used to have a capable network interface in monitor mode.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform WPS - Monitor mode?

[Assistant]
The default configuration for wireless interfaces is "Managed" mode, restricting packet capture to those with a "Destination MAC" matching the interface's own MAC address.
To capture all packets within a wireless device's range, switch the mode to "Monitor."

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

The following native commands can be used to have a capable network interface in monitor mode.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
The default configuration for wireless interfaces is "Managed" mode, restricting packet capture to those with a "Destination MAC" matching the interface's own MAC address.
To capture all packets within a wireless device's range, switch the mode to "Monitor."

::: tabs

=== UNIX-like

The following native commands can be used to have a capable network interface in monitor mode.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain re-enable your network interface.

[Assistant]
ifconfig "$INTERFACE" up
``

=== Aircrack-ng

With Aircrack-ng (C) installed, the following commands can be used.

``bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Explain re-enable your network interface.

Response:
ifconfig "$INTERFACE" up
``

=== Aircrack-ng

With Aircrack-ng (C) installed, the following commands can be used.

``bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform re-enable your network interface.?

[Assistant]
ifconfig "$INTERFACE" up
``

=== Aircrack-ng

With Aircrack-ng (C) installed, the following commands can be used.

``bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform re-enable your network interface.?

Response:
ifconfig "$INTERFACE" up
``

=== Aircrack-ng

With Aircrack-ng (C) installed, the following commands can be used.

``bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out re-enable your network interface. during a pentest?

[Assistant]
=== Aircrack-ng

With [Aircrack-ng](https://www.aircrack-ng.org/) (C) installed, the following commands can be used.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out re-enable your network interface. during a pentest?

Response:
=== Aircrack-ng

With [Aircrack-ng](https://www.aircrack-ng.org/) (C) installed, the following commands can be used.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `=== Aircrack-ng`?

[Assistant] This command is used for re-enable your network interface.. re-enable your network interface.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `=== Aircrack-ng`?

Response: This command is used for re-enable your network interface.. re-enable your network interface.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does WPS - Recon work?

[Assistant]
Wash is used to identify nearby WPS-enabled access points along with their main characteristics. It is included in the Reaver (C) package.

``bash
wash -i "$INTERFACE"
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Wash is used to identify nearby WPS-enabled access points along with their main characteristics. It is included in the Reaver (C) package.

``bash
wash -i "$INTERFACE"
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on WPS - Recon

[Assistant]
Wash is used to identify nearby WPS-enabled access points along with their main characteristics. It is included in the Reaver (C) package.

``bash
wash -i "$INTERFACE"
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Wash is used to identify nearby WPS-enabled access points along with their main characteristics. It is included in the Reaver (C) package.

``bash
wash -i "$INTERFACE"
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the wash command for wps - recon

[Assistant] wash -i "$INTERFACE"

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the wash command for wps - recon

Response: wash -i "$INTERFACE"


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for WPS - Recon?

[Assistant] wash -i "$INTERFACE"

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: wash -i "$INTERFACE"


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `wash -i "$INTERFACE"`?

[Assistant] This command is used for wps - recon. Recon

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `wash -i "$INTERFACE"`?

Response: This command is used for wps - recon. Recon


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of WPS - PIN Brute-Force

[Assistant]
In 2011, researcher Stefan Viehböck identified a design and implementation flaw that made PIN-based WPS vulnerable to brute-force attacks. A successful exploitation of this flaw would grant unauthorized individuals access to the network, and the sole effective solution is to disable WPS.

Two main tools are now available for conducting this attack: Reaver (C) and Bully (C).

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of WPS - PIN Brute-Force

Response:
In 2011, researcher Stefan Viehböck identified a design and implementation flaw that made PIN-based WPS vulnerable to brute-force attacks. A successful exploitation of this flaw would grant unauthorized individuals access to the network, and the sole effective solution is to disable WPS.

Two main tools are now available for conducting this attack: Reaver (C) and Bully (C).

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform WPS - PIN Brute-Force?

[Assistant]
In 2011, researcher Stefan Viehböck identified a design and implementation flaw that made PIN-based WPS vulnerable to brute-force attacks. A successful exploitation of this flaw would grant unauthorized individuals access to the network, and the sole effective solution is to disable WPS.

Two main tools are now available for conducting this attack: Reaver (C) and Bully (C).

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
In 2011, researcher Stefan Viehböck identified a design and implementation flaw that made PIN-based WPS vulnerable to brute-force attacks. A successful exploitation of this flaw would grant unauthorized individuals access to the network, and the sole effective solution is to disable WPS.

Two main tools are now available for conducting this attack: Reaver (C) and Bully (C).

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv?

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -vv

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv?

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -vv


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -vv

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -vv


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain Verbosity of output: -v 1 -v 2 -v 3

[Assistant]
bully "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -S -F -B -v 3
```

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Explain Verbosity of output: -v 1 -v 2 -v 3

Response:
bully "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -S -F -B -v 3
```


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Verbosity of output: -v 1 -v 2 -v 3

[Assistant]
bully "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -S -F -B -v 3
```

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for Verbosity of output: -v 1 -v 2 -v 3

Response:
bully "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -S -F -B -v 3
```


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain WPS - Pixie Dust

[Assistant]
In 2014, Dominique Bongard identified a security vulnerability he dubbed "Pixie Dust". It specifically targets the default WPS implementation found in wireless chips produced by various manufacturers, including Ralink, MediaTek, Realtek, and Broadcom. The attack exploits a randomization deficiency during the generation of the "E-S1" and "E-S2" "secret" nonces. Knowing these nonces, the PIN can be retrieved in a matter of minutes.

A tool called pixiewps was developed, and a new version of Reaver was created to automate the attack.

Check this list to know which router model is vulnerable.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
In 2014, Dominique Bongard identified a security vulnerability he dubbed "Pixie Dust". It specifically targets the default WPS implementation found in wireless chips produced by various manufacturers, including Ralink, MediaTek, Realtek, and Broadcom. The attack exploits a randomization deficiency during the generation of the "E-S1" and "E-S2" "secret" nonces. Knowing these nonces, the PIN can be retrieved in a matter of minutes.

A tool called pixiewps was developed, and a new version of Reaver was created to automate the attack.

Check this list to know which router model is vulnerable.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on WPS - Pixie Dust

[Assistant]
In 2014, Dominique Bongard identified a security vulnerability he dubbed "Pixie Dust". It specifically targets the default WPS implementation found in wireless chips produced by various manufacturers, including Ralink, MediaTek, Realtek, and Broadcom. The attack exploits a randomization deficiency during the generation of the "E-S1" and "E-S2" "secret" nonces. Knowing these nonces, the PIN can be retrieved in a matter of minutes.

A tool called pixiewps was developed, and a new version of Reaver was created to automate the attack.

Check this list to know which router model is vulnerable.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
In 2014, Dominique Bongard identified a security vulnerability he dubbed "Pixie Dust". It specifically targets the default WPS implementation found in wireless chips produced by various manufacturers, including Ralink, MediaTek, Realtek, and Broadcom. The attack exploits a randomization deficiency during the generation of the "E-S1" and "E-S2" "secret" nonces. Knowing these nonces, the PIN can be retrieved in a matter of minutes.

A tool called pixiewps was developed, and a new version of Reaver was created to automate the attack.

Check this list to know which router model is vulnerable.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -K 1 -N -vv

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv in the context of penetration testing

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -K 1 -N -vv


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -K 1 -N -vv

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for Verbosity of output (for reaver): -v -vv -vvv

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -K 1 -N -vv


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does WPS - Null Pin work?

[Assistant]
Some poorly implemented systems allowed the use of a "Null" PIN for connections. Reaver can conduct the attack, whereas Bully lacks this specific functionality.

``bash
reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Some poorly implemented systems allowed the use of a "Null" PIN for connections. Reaver can conduct the attack, whereas Bully lacks this specific functionality.

``bash
reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through WPS - Null Pin

[Assistant]
Some poorly implemented systems allowed the use of a "Null" PIN for connections. Reaver can conduct the attack, whereas Bully lacks this specific functionality.

``bash
reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Some poorly implemented systems allowed the use of a "Null" PIN for connections. Reaver can conduct the attack, whereas Bully lacks this specific functionality.

``bash
reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the reaver syntax for wps - null pin?

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the reaver syntax for wps - null pin?

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through WPS - Null Pin

[Assistant] reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''`?

[Assistant] This command is used for wps - null pin. Null Pin

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `reaver -i "$INTERFACE" -b "$BSSID" -c "$CHANNEL" -f -N -g 1 -vv -p ''`?

Response: This command is used for wps - null pin. Null Pin


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about Wireless keyboard/mouse?

[Assistant] //TODO : attacsks on non-bluetooth wireless keyboard/mouse : mousejacking vulnerabilities class : https://twitter.com/cnotin/status/1163862329940987905

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about Wireless keyboard/mouse?

Response: //TODO : attacsks on non-bluetooth wireless keyboard/mouse : mousejacking vulnerabilities class : https://twitter.com/cnotin/status/1163862329940987905


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform Wireless keyboard/mouse?

[Assistant] //TODO : attacsks on non-bluetooth wireless keyboard/mouse : mousejacking vulnerabilities class : https://twitter.com/cnotin/status/1163862329940987905

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform Wireless keyboard/mouse?

Response: //TODO : attacsks on non-bluetooth wireless keyboard/mouse : mousejacking vulnerabilities class : https://twitter.com/cnotin/status/1163862329940987905


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain 🛠 Account deletion - Theory

[Assistant] Removing an account is a sensitive action that should be taken into consideration.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: Removing an account is a sensitive action that should be taken into consideration.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 Account deletion - Theory?

[Assistant] Removing an account is a sensitive action that should be taken into consideration.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute 🛠 Account deletion - Theory?

Response: Removing an account is a sensitive action that should be taken into consideration.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of 🛠 Account deletion - Practice

[Assistant]
Some protection mechanisms should be incorporated:

1. Protection: when deleting an account, the web application should request the user to submit its credentials (it can prevent attacks such CSRF, XSS...).

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of 🛠 Account deletion - Practice

Response:
Some protection mechanisms should be incorporated:

1. Protection: when deleting an account, the web application should request the user to submit its credentials (it can prevent attacks such CSRF, XSS...).


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform 🛠 Account deletion - Practice?

[Assistant]
Some protection mechanisms should be incorporated:

1. Protection: when deleting an account, the web application should request the user to submit its credentials (it can prevent attacks such CSRF, XSS...).

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform 🛠 Account deletion - Practice?

Response:
Some protection mechanisms should be incorporated:

1. Protection: when deleting an account, the web application should request the user to submit its credentials (it can prevent attacks such CSRF, XSS...).


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about 🛠 Logging in - Theory

[Assistant]
link default passwords

Authentication issues are important to take into consideration. A login page can be the beginning of serious issues regarding accounts takeover.

or bruteforce

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
link default passwords

Authentication issues are important to take into consideration. A login page can be the beginning of serious issues regarding accounts takeover.

or bruteforce


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 Logging in - Theory

[Assistant]
link default passwords

Authentication issues are important to take into consideration. A login page can be the beginning of serious issues regarding accounts takeover.

or bruteforce

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
link default passwords

Authentication issues are important to take into consideration. A login page can be the beginning of serious issues regarding accounts takeover.

or bruteforce


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about 🛠 Logging in - Brute-force

[Assistant]
Brute-forcing can have 2 interesting purposes during a pentest engagement:

1. Verifying that the web application implements security measures against brute-forcing.
2. Taking over an account by guessing its credentials.

One has to check whether a defense mechanism is used (account locking, blocking IP, CAPTCHA, etc.)

> [!WARNING]
> Account locking can lead to a denial of service and allow user enumeration. Check the OWASP recommendation on how it should be implemented.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Tell me about 🛠 Logging in - Brute-force

Response:
Brute-forcing can have 2 interesting purposes during a pentest engagement:

1. Verifying that the web application implements security measures against brute-forcing.
2. Taking over an account by guessing its credentials.

One has to check whether a defense mechanism is used (account locking, blocking IP, CAPTCHA, etc.)

> [!WARNING]
> Account locking can lead to a denial of service and allow user enumeration. Check the OWASP recommendation on how it should be implemented.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - Brute-force

[Assistant]
Brute-forcing can have 2 interesting purposes during a pentest engagement:

1. Verifying that the web application implements security measures against brute-forcing.
2. Taking over an account by guessing its credentials.

One has to check whether a defense mechanism is used (account locking, blocking IP, CAPTCHA, etc.)

> [!WARNING]
> Account locking can lead to a denial of service and allow user enumeration. Check the OWASP recommendation on how it should be implemented.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - Brute-force

Response:
Brute-forcing can have 2 interesting purposes during a pentest engagement:

1. Verifying that the web application implements security measures against brute-forcing.
2. Taking over an account by guessing its credentials.

One has to check whether a defense mechanism is used (account locking, blocking IP, CAPTCHA, etc.)

> [!WARNING]
> Account locking can lead to a denial of service and allow user enumeration. Check the OWASP recommendation on how it should be implemented.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of 🛠 Logging in - User enumeration

[Assistant]
User enumeration can be made possible depending on the:

* Status code (is the status code retrieved, always the same?)
* Error messages (does the error messages give a hint on whether the account exists?)
* Response time (is the response time always the same?)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of 🛠 Logging in - User enumeration

Response:
User enumeration can be made possible depending on the:

* Status code (is the status code retrieved, always the same?)
* Error messages (does the error messages give a hint on whether the account exists?)
* Response time (is the response time always the same?)


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - User enumeration

[Assistant]
User enumeration can be made possible depending on the:

* Status code (is the status code retrieved, always the same?)
* Error messages (does the error messages give a hint on whether the account exists?)
* Response time (is the response time always the same?)

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - User enumeration

Response:
User enumeration can be made possible depending on the:

* Status code (is the status code retrieved, always the same?)
* Error messages (does the error messages give a hint on whether the account exists?)
* Response time (is the response time always the same?)


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does 🛠 Logging in - JSON Web Tokens (JWS) / OAuth 2.0 work?

[Assistant] Check the following pages for issues regarding JWS and OAuth 2.0.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does 🛠 Logging in - JSON Web Tokens (JWS) / OAuth 2.0 work?

Response: Check the following pages for issues regarding JWS and OAuth 2.0.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through 🛠 Logging in - JSON Web Tokens (JWS) / OAuth 2.0

[Assistant] Check the following pages for issues regarding JWS and OAuth 2.0.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Walk me through 🛠 Logging in - JSON Web Tokens (JWS) / OAuth 2.0

Response: Check the following pages for issues regarding JWS and OAuth 2.0.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection?

[Assistant]
The tool sqlmap can unveil SQL injections on log-in forms.

``
sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM
`

> [!WARNING]
> Use the --level and --delay` options in pentest engagements to avoid issues (aggressive payloads and denial of service)

For manual testing: SQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection?

Response:
The tool sqlmap can unveil SQL injections on log-in forms.

``
sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM
`

> [!WARNING]
> Use the --level and --delay` options in pentest engagements to avoid issues (aggressive payloads and denial of service)

For manual testing: SQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection during a pentest?

[Assistant]
The tool sqlmap can unveil SQL injections on log-in forms.

``
sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM
`

> [!WARNING]
> Use the --level and --delay` options in pentest engagements to avoid issues (aggressive payloads and denial of service)

For manual testing: SQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection during a pentest?

Response:
The tool sqlmap can unveil SQL injections on log-in forms.

``
sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM
`

> [!WARNING]
> Use the --level and --delay` options in pentest engagements to avoid issues (aggressive payloads and denial of service)

For manual testing: SQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] How do I use sqlmap for 🛠 logging in - sql injection?

[Assistant] sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

How do I use sqlmap for 🛠 logging in - sql injection?

Response: sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection

[Assistant] sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for 🛠 Logging in - SQL injection

Response: sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 logging in - sql injection. SQL injection

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `sqlmap -r $REQUEST_FILE -p $LOGIN_PARAM,$PWD_PARAM`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 logging in - sql injection. SQL injection


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 NoSQL injection

[Assistant] For manual testing: NoSQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Explain 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 NoSQL injection

Response: For manual testing: NoSQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 NoSQL injection

[Assistant] For manual testing: NoSQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 NoSQL injection

Response: For manual testing: NoSQL injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 LDAP injection?

[Assistant] For manual testing: LDAP injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 LDAP injection?

Response: For manual testing: LDAP injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 LDAP injection

[Assistant] For manual testing: LDAP injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 Logging in - 🛠 LDAP injection

Response: For manual testing: LDAP injection (PayloadsAllTheThings)


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe 🛠 Logging in - Encrypted requests in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant] Some web applications don't use TLS to encrypt login requests, this can lead to account takeover via a Man-in-the-Middle attack.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe 🛠 Logging in - Encrypted requests in the context of penetration testing

Response: Some web applications don't use TLS to encrypt login requests, this can lead to account takeover via a Man-in-the-Middle attack.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 Logging in - Encrypted requests?

[Assistant] Some web applications don't use TLS to encrypt login requests, this can lead to account takeover via a Man-in-the-Middle attack.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute 🛠 Logging in - Encrypted requests?

Response: Some web applications don't use TLS to encrypt login requests, this can lead to account takeover via a Man-in-the-Middle attack.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about Password change

[Assistant]
Websites that manage user accounts usually offer a "password change" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is the previous password required to set a new one? If it's not, this could potentially make CSRF attacks lead to Account Takeover (ATO).
* Is the username/id/login/email sent somewhere in the password change request? If it is, can that parameter be changed to another usename/id/... to change another account's password?

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Websites that manage user accounts usually offer a "password change" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is the previous password required to set a new one? If it's not, this could potentially make CSRF attacks lead to Account Takeover (ATO).
* Is the username/id/login/email sent somewhere in the password change request? If it is, can that parameter be changed to another usename/id/... to change another account's password?


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Password change

[Assistant]
Websites that manage user accounts usually offer a "password change" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is the previous password required to set a new one? If it's not, this could potentially make CSRF attacks lead to Account Takeover (ATO).
* Is the username/id/login/email sent somewhere in the password change request? If it is, can that parameter be changed to another usename/id/... to change another account's password?

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for Password change

Response:
Websites that manage user accounts usually offer a "password change" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is the previous password required to set a new one? If it's not, this could potentially make CSRF attacks lead to Account Takeover (ATO).
* Is the username/id/login/email sent somewhere in the password change request? If it is, can that parameter be changed to another usename/id/... to change another account's password?


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What should I know about 🛠 Password reset - Theory?

[Assistant] Websites that manage user accounts usually have a "forgot password" or "reset password" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What should I know about 🛠 Password reset - Theory?

Response: Websites that manage user accounts usually have a "forgot password" or "reset password" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out 🛠 Password reset - Theory during a pentest?

[Assistant] Websites that manage user accounts usually have a "forgot password" or "reset password" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out 🛠 Password reset - Theory during a pentest?

Response: Websites that manage user accounts usually have a "forgot password" or "reset password" feature. This offers attackers an interesting vector as it could potentially lead to Account Takeover (ATO).


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of 🛠 Password reset - Practice

[Assistant]
When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is there a captcha, rate-limit or any other anti-DoS mitigation?
* Is there any kind of validation, from the user, that the password must be reset? This could lead to a kind of DoS on user accounts if there isn't.
* Is the feature relying on security questions that could be easily answered from OSINT or Social Engineering?
* Is the previous password sent in clear-text to the user, indicating that the passwords are not stored in a hashed format?
* If a one-time password (OTP) is sent to proceed with the password reset, is it sent on a secure channel (e.g. mitigating MitM)?
* Can the feature be used by attackers to enumerate users (e.g. error message when trying to proceed with a user that doesn't exist)?
* Is there a password reset link sent? If so:
    * Is it still valid after a reset?
    * Does it have an expiry date? If so, is it still valid after that period of time?
    * Is the link fully random or is there any guessable format that can be reproduced to takeover other accounts?
* Is "password reset" link sent to an email indicated in a parameter that is not correctly filtered? --> Paramater manipulation

///// WIP below

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of 🛠 Password reset - Practice

Response:
When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is there a captcha, rate-limit or any other anti-DoS mitigation?
* Is there any kind of validation, from the user, that the password must be reset? This could lead to a kind of DoS on user accounts if there isn't.
* Is the feature relying on security questions that could be easily answered from OSINT or Social Engineering?
* Is the previous password sent in clear-text to the user, indicating that the passwords are not stored in a hashed format?
* If a one-time password (OTP) is sent to proceed with the password reset, is it sent on a secure channel (e.g. mitigating MitM)?
* Can the feature be used by attackers to enumerate users (e.g. error message when trying to proceed with a user that doesn't exist)?
* Is there a password reset link sent? If so:
    * Is it still valid after a reset?
    * Does it have an expiry date? If so, is it still valid after that period of time?
    * Is the link fully random or is there any guessable format that can be reproduced to takeover other accounts?
* Is "password reset" link sent to an email indicated in a parameter that is not correctly filtered? --> Paramater manipulation

///// WIP below


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute 🛠 Password reset - Practice?

[Assistant]
When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is there a captcha, rate-limit or any other anti-DoS mitigation?
* Is there any kind of validation, from the user, that the password must be reset? This could lead to a kind of DoS on user accounts if there isn't.
* Is the feature relying on security questions that could be easily answered from OSINT or Social Engineering?
* Is the previous password sent in clear-text to the user, indicating that the passwords are not stored in a hashed format?
* If a one-time password (OTP) is sent to proceed with the password reset, is it sent on a secure channel (e.g. mitigating MitM)?
* Can the feature be used by attackers to enumerate users (e.g. error message when trying to proceed with a user that doesn't exist)?
* Is there a password reset link sent? If so:
    * Is it still valid after a reset?
    * Does it have an expiry date? If so, is it still valid after that period of time?
    * Is the link fully random or is there any guessable format that can be reproduced to takeover other accounts?
* Is "password reset" link sent to an email indicated in a parameter that is not correctly filtered? --> Paramater manipulation

///// WIP below

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute 🛠 Password reset - Practice?

Response:
When this feature is present on a website, there a a few things to check.

* Is there a captcha, rate-limit or any other anti-DoS mitigation?
* Is there any kind of validation, from the user, that the password must be reset? This could lead to a kind of DoS on user accounts if there isn't.
* Is the feature relying on security questions that could be easily answered from OSINT or Social Engineering?
* Is the previous password sent in clear-text to the user, indicating that the passwords are not stored in a hashed format?
* If a one-time password (OTP) is sent to proceed with the password reset, is it sent on a secure channel (e.g. mitigating MitM)?
* Can the feature be used by attackers to enumerate users (e.g. error message when trying to proceed with a user that doesn't exist)?
* Is there a password reset link sent? If so:
    * Is it still valid after a reset?
    * Does it have an expiry date? If so, is it still valid after that period of time?
    * Is the link fully random or is there any guessable format that can be reproduced to takeover other accounts?
* Is "password reset" link sent to an email indicated in a parameter that is not correctly filtered? --> Paramater manipulation

///// WIP below