diff --git "a/inputs/workflow.jsonl" "b/inputs/workflow.jsonl"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/inputs/workflow.jsonl"
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{"id": "independent_960089939d02dda9", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1021/polymscitech.5c00114", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_960089939d02dda9", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:51247ce38a48c01ad25af2cd", "origin_case_id": "PMC13052657:body:p5", "origin_content_sha256": "51247ce38a48c01ad25af2cd2e10f285e02054c09d2e801fa163489d3f7af98e", "source_text_sha256": "51247ce38a48c01ad25af2cd2e10f285e02054c09d2e801fa163489d3f7af98e", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/polymscitech.5c00114", "title": "Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogels via Molecular Engineering toward Energy-Efficient Windows.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p5", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Materials"], "source_text": "4,4′-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)­diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), p-phenylenediamine (p-PDA), 2,2′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl (DMBZ) and 1,3,5-tris­(4-aminophenoxy)­benzene were provided by Tokyo Chemical Industry (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd. Dimethylacetamide (DMAc), pyridine, acetic anhydride, and ethanol were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:f0137d6b0bd9c772895a05e9", "origin_case_id": "PMC13052657:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "f0137d6b0bd9c772895a05e9ae2e31243551958a2bd0f1bdb45c544284e65910", "source_text_sha256": "f0137d6b0bd9c772895a05e9ae2e31243551958a2bd0f1bdb45c544284e65910", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/polymscitech.5c00114", "title": "Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogels via Molecular Engineering toward Energy-Efficient Windows.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Fabrication of Colorless and Transparent PI Aerogels"], "source_text": "Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1.8273 g (9.126 mmol) of ODA, 0.1096 g (1.014 mmol) of p-PDA, and 90 mL of DMAc were sequentially added to a three-neck flask, and the mixture was stirred until the solid powder was completely dissolved. Then, 4.4424 g (10.0 mmol) of 6FDA was slowly added in batches. After continuous stirring for 2 h, 10 mL of the TAB solution was added to obtain a poly­(amic acid) (PAA) solution with a solid content of 6%. Subsequently, 9.4 mL of acetic anhydride and 8.0 mL of pyridine were added. After being thoroughly stirred, the solution was poured into a mold for gelation and aging. Following this, the PI wet gels were subjected to solvent exchange using DMAc/ethanol with volume ratios of 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100 at 12 h intervals, respectively. Finally, the wet PI gels were dried using a supercritical CO2 drying process in a Leica EM CPD300 system. The process was carried out under supercritical conditions for CO2, i.e., at a temperature of 40 °C and a pressure of 9.5 MPa. To ensure complete solvent exchange and maintain the structural integrity of the pores, the drying procedure comprised 48 cycles with a CO2 flow rate of 100 Psi h–1, an exchange speed of level 5, and a holding time of 5 min per cycle under supercritical conditions. The resulting aerogel was named PI-2, in which the molar ratio of 6FDA, ODA, and p-PDA is 1.014:0.9:0.1. The aerogel prepared without the addition of p-PDA was named PI-1, and the aerogel obtained by replacing p-PDA with DMBZ was named PI-3. When the molar ratio of p-PDA to DMBZ increased to 0.2, the resulting aerogels were named PI-4 and PI-5, respectively."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:124944306b82e278042a6823", "origin_case_id": "PMC13052657:body:p8", "origin_content_sha256": "124944306b82e278042a6823d15ea3e28c53db1e17ede3cc7ef6f5b2fec13ea1", "source_text_sha256": "124944306b82e278042a6823d15ea3e28c53db1e17ede3cc7ef6f5b2fec13ea1", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/polymscitech.5c00114", "title": "Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogels via Molecular Engineering toward Energy-Efficient Windows.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p8", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Molecular Structure Design of Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogel"], "source_text": "The fabrication of the colorless and transparent PI aerogel is schematically illustrated in Figure a, outlining the key steps from solution preparation to final aerogel. The molecular-level chemical reaction is also detailed, including the structures of the monomers (6FDA, ODA, p-PDA, DMBZ) and the progression from poly­(amic acid) (PAA) formation to the final PI after chemical imidization. Specifically, 6FDA with a strong electronegative group as a dianhydride and ODA with a twisted structure as a diamine were copolymerized with p-PDA or DMBZ with a rigid structure to obtain PAA solutions with different molecular structures. Finally, the cross-linking agent (TAB), the dehydrating agent (acetic anhydride) and the catalyst (pyridine) were added to induce chemical imidization and gelation. Afterward, PI aerogels were obtained via aging, solvent replacement and supercritical drying. Herein, we abbreviate PI aerogels prepared with a molar ratio of 1.014:1.0 (6FDA:ODA) as PI-1, 1.014:0.9:0.1 (6FDA:ODA:p-PDA) as PI-2, 1.014:0.9:0.1 (6FDA:ODA:DMBZ) as PI-3, 1.014:0.8:0.2 (6FDA:ODA:p-PDA) as PI-4 and 1.014:0.8:0.2 (6FDA:ODA: DMBZ) as PI-5 (Table S1). Notably, increasing the molar fraction of p-PDA or DMBZ to 20 mol % in the molecular chain inhibited the gelation of PAA. As shown in Figure b, the precursor PAA of PI-1, PI-2, and PI-3 has transformed into stable gels after 24 h, whereas PI-4 and PI-5 remain in a sol state with good fluidity. This phenomenon is primarily attributed to the rigid structure of PI-4 and PI-5, which hinders molecular chain mobility and the formation of crosslinked structures, thereby impeding gelation. As shown in Figure c, the PI-2 aerogel prepared by 6FDA/ODA/p-PDA showed an impressive light transmission and colorlessness."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:6ae5867631f6103b6a8dc3c4", "origin_case_id": "PMC13052657:body:p9", "origin_content_sha256": "6ae5867631f6103b6a8dc3c42739fd37cd5bc45afac560b35ceebae6d1848fad", "source_text_sha256": "6ae5867631f6103b6a8dc3c42739fd37cd5bc45afac560b35ceebae6d1848fad", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/polymscitech.5c00114", "title": "Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogels via Molecular Engineering toward Energy-Efficient Windows.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p9", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Molecular Structure Design of Colorless and Transparent Polyimide Aerogel"], "source_text": "The chemical structure of the PI aerogels was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, as shown in Figure a. All three aerogel samples showed characteristic peaks corresponding to aromatic imide rings, including C–N–C bending at 738 cm–1, C–N stretching at 1352 cm–1, and asymmetric/symmetric CO stretching of imide groups at 1770 cm–1 and 1704 cm–1, respectively. In addition, the absence of the amide absorption band at 1660 cm–1 (CO-NH) confirmed complete imidization of the PI aerogels. The thermal stability of the PI aerogels was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (Figure b, c). The 5% weight loss temperature (T d5%) increased from 527.3 °C for the PI-1 aerogel to 534.2 °C for the PI-2 aerogel, indicating that the incorporation of rigid p-PDA was beneficial to improve the thermal stability of the aerogel. In contrast, the PI-3 aerogel exhibited a lower T d5% (510.9 °C), which was attributed to the early-stage decomposition of methyl groups in the DMBZ-based molecular chains."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "ee118de1fde4df5a71e5c644cd31923d75a5949a555b04185a914899332d4b61", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13052657/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_bd38339574d01075", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1002/smsc.202500335", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_bd38339574d01075", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:c79e0a67fa18494f27d8cb54", "origin_case_id": "PMC12697860:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "c79e0a67fa18494f27d8cb543a4a653026e0ff41ae0c4487cdf292fa42ce0341", "source_text_sha256": "c79e0a67fa18494f27d8cb543a4a653026e0ff41ae0c4487cdf292fa42ce0341", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1002/smsc.202500335", "title": "Friction and Wear Behavior of Laser-Induced Graphene Structures on Polyimide Films.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["Experimental Section", "LIG Synthesis: Laser Scribing and Patterning"], "source_text": "A laser cutter/engraver (Keyence 3‐Axis UV Laser Marker MD‐U1000C) operating with a YVO4 laser source at 355 nm wavelength, an output of 3 W/40 kHz, and a marking resolution of 2 μm was used to create LIG patterns on PI tape (Kapton HN, DuPont, 50 μm thickness with silicone glue, supplied by M&S Lehner GmbH) under ambient atmosphere. The PI tape was attached to glass microscopy slides with dimensions of 25 × 75 × 1 mm (ISO 8037/1, Espredia) for convenient sample handling. To exclude the impact of ambient humidity, the samples were stored in a desiccator. As shown schematically in Figure 1a, the UV laser beam, with a power P of 15% and a pulse frequency of 210 kHz, was scanned across the polyimide film at a scan speed of 55 mm s−1 to write the individual line patterns. Five different patterns were fabricated, including four variations of differently sized line patterns (line width: 200, 100, 50, and 30 μm) and a fully covered LIG surface (fill) as displayed in Figure 1b. The line patterns all had equal line width and line spacing between the individual lines of the pattern (Figure 1c). Thus, the term “line size” is used in the following for brevity, defining both the width and the spacing. The smallest resolvable line size using the set laser parameters was 30 μm. Therefore, the individual lines in the 30 μm pattern were scribed in a single laser pass. All other patterns had to be scribed using more than one adjacent laser pass (a fill interval of 15 μm denotes the distance between the respective laser passes) to fill out the desired width of the thicker lines. The selected patterns were scribed in individual sized squares of 11 × 11 mm, and each sample consisted of four squares with individual patterns (Figure 1d)."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:557cbe8b7d1e91a1d04aaec5", "origin_case_id": "PMC12697860:body:p8", "origin_content_sha256": "557cbe8b7d1e91a1d04aaec517e9da1b8db046e8685850c10e3a76c993ab913b", "source_text_sha256": "557cbe8b7d1e91a1d04aaec517e9da1b8db046e8685850c10e3a76c993ab913b", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1002/smsc.202500335", "title": "Friction and Wear Behavior of Laser-Induced Graphene Structures on Polyimide Films.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p8", "section": ["Experimental Section", "LIG Characterization", "Optical Microscopy"], "source_text": "The fabricated LIG patterns, LIG morphology, formed wear tracks, and the transfer films on the counterpart were investigated with a Stemi MAT 7 light microscope (Carl Zeiss GmbH) and its implemented Axiocam 208 color camera (Carl Zeiss GmbH) using bright and dark field mode, and a Hirox HR 5000(E) (Hirox Europe) digital optical microscope equipped with a High‐Range Motorized Triple Zoom Lens in bright field mode."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:74e44de106c0677b387e8007", "origin_case_id": "PMC12697860:body:p14", "origin_content_sha256": "74e44de106c0677b387e800782b0168906c0470dd7a3031067d5102d3df036cf", "source_text_sha256": "74e44de106c0677b387e800782b0168906c0470dd7a3031067d5102d3df036cf", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1002/smsc.202500335", "title": "Friction and Wear Behavior of Laser-Induced Graphene Structures on Polyimide Films.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p14", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Formation and Characterization of LIG Patterns"], "source_text": "Polyimide was chosen as a substrate to fabricate samples for investigation of the tribological properties of patterned LIG structures, as it is a well‐established precursor material.[ 36 ] A commercially available PI adhesive tape was applied on top of glass microscopy slides, as they provide stable support in the tribological test setup and allow for convenient sample handling. The LIG patterns were designed in 11 × 11 mm‐sized squares appropriate for the reciprocating ball‐on‐plate test setup. Four differently sized line patterns and a filled square were scribed."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:3367afab2cd31f9e915be48f", "origin_case_id": "PMC12697860:body:p15", "origin_content_sha256": "3367afab2cd31f9e915be48f7faa77cd1792c7fe88d2dd48cacaa77bcad1157d", "source_text_sha256": "3367afab2cd31f9e915be48f7faa77cd1792c7fe88d2dd48cacaa77bcad1157d", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1002/smsc.202500335", "title": "Friction and Wear Behavior of Laser-Induced Graphene Structures on Polyimide Films.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p15", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Formation and Characterization of LIG Patterns"], "source_text": "Those structures were selected as different line patterns have already been explored as suitable textures to manipulate the tribological properties of a surface[ 37 , 38 , 39 ] and are eligible for both the used texture fabrication process, and the measurement setup applied for tribological testing. To fabricate lines with widths of 200, 100, and 50 μm multiple laser passes were necessary to fill the relevant area. The distance between the individual passes was set to 15 μm. The 30 μm lines were scribed in a single pass and represent the smallest obtainable line width, which could be scribed using a UV laser with a beam size of 2 μm and the selected laser parameter. As there is no overlap between subsequent laser passes in the 30 μm pattern, the lower overall energy input (lower laser fluence H, defined as laser power per unit area[ 1 ]) may affect LIG formation. Therefore, possible implications on the characteristics of the 30 μm lines and potential distinctions to the other patterns have to be considered. In general, the difference between the beam size and the size of the scribed lines is a result of the area affected by local heating due to the laser pass, typically referred to as the heat affected‐zone (HAZ). Therefore, the resulting area of LIG conversion is always larger than the irradiated area.[ 40 ] This effect was taken into consideration for the design step of the patterns to achieve the desired line width and spacing between individual lines. Furthermore, the surface morphology and composition of the LIG is determined by the laser parameters.[ 40 , 41 ] Thus, in an initial step, different laser parameters were evaluated. For this purpose, preliminary 100 μm line patterns were fabricated, where the influence of the laser parameters on the dimensions and defect‐free appearance was evaluated by optical microscopy, and the impact on the electrical resistance of the lines was measured with a multimeter. Further details of this parameter evaluation are displayed in Figure S3, Supporting Information. To limit influences from LIG formation, such as changes in morphology and effects on the mechanical properties, which in turn could affect the tribological properties, the selection of a single set of scribing parameters for the fabrication of all patterns was deemed appropriate. A parameter set resulting in a uniform graphene structure was selected for all subsequently assessed samples."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "77dc99bfd819d12da27079870d3cb354aaabf7ed2acc74b9469de89cfa8492df", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12697860/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_0734fac89ed6fb45", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.3390/ma19163435", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_0734fac89ed6fb45", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:c58acb2bd2f51b83234bda25", "origin_case_id": "PMC13514352:body:p8", "origin_content_sha256": "c58acb2bd2f51b83234bda25a6ab5ae5a86d5ee5aa48b4828941552bf65e0e66", "source_text_sha256": "c58acb2bd2f51b83234bda25a6ab5ae5a86d5ee5aa48b4828941552bf65e0e66", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19163435", "title": "Preparation and Application of Macromolecular Silane Coupling Agent for Polyimide-Based Composites.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p8", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.1. Materials and Chemicals"], "source_text": "Hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), 2-aminopyridine (2APY), acetic anhydride, triethylamine, 2,3,3′,4′-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic anhydride (a-ODPA), 1,3-Bis(4′-aminophenoxy)benzene (1,3,4-APB), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), anhydrous ethanol."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:4af5d1dfabe7089a40e2eeea", "origin_case_id": "PMC13514352:body:p9", "origin_content_sha256": "4af5d1dfabe7089a40e2eeea517a047ac3067a875f99d4e14be99bc9f429f4a0", "source_text_sha256": "4af5d1dfabe7089a40e2eeea517a047ac3067a875f99d4e14be99bc9f429f4a0", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19163435", "title": "Preparation and Application of Macromolecular Silane Coupling Agent for Polyimide-Based Composites.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p9", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.2. Preparation of Polyimide-Based Macromolecular Silane Coupling Agent"], "source_text": "This article designs three types of macromolecular silane coupling agents. Firstly, a 2-aminopyridine terminated polyamide acid oligomer was synthesized using a feed ratio of dianhydride: diamine: diaminopyridine = 4:3:2. The oligomer was then cyclodehydrated via chemical imidization. Subsequently, the final product was synthesized through a transfer acylation reaction. Figure 1 shows the structural formulas of three designed macromolecular silane coupling agents."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:ff1d1fe75cdd97c9309b3f18", "origin_case_id": "PMC13514352:body:p16", "origin_content_sha256": "ff1d1fe75cdd97c9309b3f187bf8c214fb7ebdf3b9145223ec981d765a021bf1", "source_text_sha256": "ff1d1fe75cdd97c9309b3f187bf8c214fb7ebdf3b9145223ec981d765a021bf1", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19163435", "title": "Preparation and Application of Macromolecular Silane Coupling Agent for Polyimide-Based Composites.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p16", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion"], "source_text": "This article uses hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride, 4,4′-diaminodi-phenyl ether, 2,3,3′,4′-diphenyl ether tetracarboxylic anhydride, and 1,3-bis (4′-ami-nophenoxy) as raw materials to prepare three types of macromolecular silane coupling agents via the chemical imidization method. During the imidization process, polyamide acid needs to undergo dehydration and cyclization, while alkoxysilane tends to hydroly ze in the presence of water to form silanols. Therefore, in the synthesis of macromolecular silane coupling agents, 2-aminopyridine is first used to terminate the oligomer of polyimide, and then a silane coupling agent is introduced through transacylation to prevent the terminated silane coupling agent from hydrolyzing prematurely during the dehydration cyclization step. The structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other methods. The physicochemical properties were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetry (TG), solubility tests, and other techniques."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:b82d4cf14d05d13cd147bdce", "origin_case_id": "PMC13514352:body:p17", "origin_content_sha256": "b82d4cf14d05d13cd147bdce495f28d932341678eab39b8386f7f8aabe81bdb8", "source_text_sha256": "b82d4cf14d05d13cd147bdce495f28d932341678eab39b8386f7f8aabe81bdb8", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19163435", "title": "Preparation and Application of Macromolecular Silane Coupling Agent for Polyimide-Based Composites.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p17", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Structural Characterization", "3.1.1. Analysis of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy"], "source_text": "Figure 4a–c present the FT-IR spectra of the three 2-aminopyridine-terminated polyimide oligomers, and distinct structural differences can be observed among the samples. All three products exhibit characteristic absorption peaks of typical polyimide structures [23], including the asymmetric and symmetric C=O stretching vibrations of the imide ring at approximately 1780 cm−1 and 1730 cm−1, the imide ring deformation peak at 743 cm−1, the C–N stretching peak at 1380 cm−1, and the benzene ring vibration peak at 1500 cm−1. The absence of the CONH carbonyl peak near 1650 cm−1 confirms that thermal imidization was sufficiently complete in all samples."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "50839c1d60fd0602c9bf6d5336b57982d7da6804512a32cad5cc4f7997c02132", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13514352/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_3eee041e3d58a1f9", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1039/d5ra02285a", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_3eee041e3d58a1f9", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:7300ae789dfe9f21fb6377e1", "origin_case_id": "PMC12060784:body:p11", "origin_content_sha256": "7300ae789dfe9f21fb6377e1d938801cbd09c062c904de311023127a84c0b7a8", "source_text_sha256": "7300ae789dfe9f21fb6377e1d938801cbd09c062c904de311023127a84c0b7a8", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra02285a", "title": "Comparative analysis of the properties of colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites with and without fluorine substitution.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p11", "section": ["Experimental", "Materials"], "source_text": "The dianhydride DTDA and diamines BAPP and 6FBAPP, utilized in the CPI syntheses for this experiment, were procured from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). The solvent N,N′-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was obtained from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) and thoroughly dried over 4 Å molecular sieves before use. Organoclay CS30B was sourced from Southern Clay (Gonzales, TX, USA); its cation exchange capacity of MMT was measured at 90 meq./100 g.29"}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:dffa605cb7637b98808be056", "origin_case_id": "PMC12060784:body:p12", "origin_content_sha256": "dffa605cb7637b98808be056cf8251620027b34d68360049f0f8e93d04781843", "source_text_sha256": "dffa605cb7637b98808be056cf8251620027b34d68360049f0f8e93d04781843", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra02285a", "title": "Comparative analysis of the properties of colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites with and without fluorine substitution.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p12", "section": ["Experimental", "Materials"], "source_text": "CS30B, an organophilic clay, possesses various types of alkyl groups, including very long alkyl chains, substituted on the clay surface, which impart strong organophilic properties.30 This organophilicity provides excellent dispersibility and compatibility with the organic polymer matrix (CPI), enabling the formation of nanocomposites. The structure of CS30B is shown in Scheme 1. The long alkyl chains in CS30B widen the interlayer spacing (gallery) of the clay, facilitating the insertion of polymer chains between the clay layers."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:1ac036d7e7e969572b947f0d", "origin_case_id": "PMC12060784:body:p20", "origin_content_sha256": "1ac036d7e7e969572b947f0d1931ad50ab8bbecaba2f65c36d412eeb073f1ecc", "source_text_sha256": "1ac036d7e7e969572b947f0d1931ad50ab8bbecaba2f65c36d412eeb073f1ecc", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra02285a", "title": "Comparative analysis of the properties of colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites with and without fluorine substitution.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p20", "section": ["Results and discussion", "FT-IR and solid-state 13C-NMR"], "source_text": "The structure and synthesis of CPI were determined from the characteristic FT-IR peaks shown in Fig. 1. In the case of CPI using BAPP as the diamine in Fig. 1(I), the stretching peaks of the main-chain carbonyl group C <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.0\" width=\"13.200000pt\" height=\"16.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 13.200000 16.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform=\"translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.017500,-0.017500)\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M0 440 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z M0 280 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z\"/></g></svg> O appeared at 1780 cm−1 and 1706 cm−1, respectively, and the C <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.0\" width=\"13.200000pt\" height=\"16.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 13.200000 16.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform=\"translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.017500,-0.017500)\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M0 440 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z M0 280 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z\"/></g></svg> C stretching peak was observed at 1502 cm−1. Successful imidization was confirmed by the appearance of the imide group C–N–C peak at 1380 cm−1.31 For diamine 6FBAPP, as shown in Fig. 1(II), similar to BAPP, carbonyl group stretching peaks were confirmed at 1780 cm−1 and 1706 cm−1, with a C <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.0\" width=\"13.200000pt\" height=\"16.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 13.200000 16.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform=\"translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.017500,-0.017500)\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M0 440 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z M0 280 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z\"/></g></svg> C peak at 1498 cm−1. CPI synthesis was finally confirmed by observing the C–N–C peak at 1382 cm−1."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:fc97a301e4cf247387df003e", "origin_case_id": "PMC12060784:body:p21", "origin_content_sha256": "fc97a301e4cf247387df003e9796f3452caf809b72b4ba9aad25e9265bafd444", "source_text_sha256": "fc97a301e4cf247387df003e9796f3452caf809b72b4ba9aad25e9265bafd444", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra02285a", "title": "Comparative analysis of the properties of colorless and transparent polyimide nanocomposites with and without fluorine substitution.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p21", "section": ["Results and discussion", "FT-IR and solid-state 13C-NMR"], "source_text": "Solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy provided more detailed confirmation of the CPI structure,32 initially verified by FT-IR spectroscopy. Upon analysis of the 13C-NMR spectrum of structure I, peaks corresponding to alicyclic carbons (a, d, and e) appeared at 24.69, 41.32, and 45.69 ppm; peaks corresponding to carbons in benzene (f–k) were observed at 124.62, 131.42, 149.47, and 159.75 ppm. The methyl carbon (b) and the central carbon (c) of the isopropylene moiety were observed at 34.97 and 41.32 ppm, respectively, whereas the carbon (l) in the imide structure was observed at 179.68 ppm."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "23477ce6039cd1fffc3c01ecb6e46b20b0da6d3656fec3c943d7f73d45dab818", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12060784/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_4c71f5a70c96cf30", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c02345", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_4c71f5a70c96cf30", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:12d259b93ce1177741ae746d", "origin_case_id": "PMC12177780:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "12d259b93ce1177741ae746d2b0290136498030d57939ea83dff0e533888247e", "source_text_sha256": "12d259b93ce1177741ae746d2b0290136498030d57939ea83dff0e533888247e", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acsomega.5c02345", "title": "High-Performance Polyimide Membranes Containing Graphene Oxide for Reverse Osmosis Desalination.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Materials"], "source_text": "Polyimide (PI), namely, polyphthalimide, with an average molecular weight (40,000), is received from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and graphite were gained from Fisher Scientific UK. Sodium chloride was purchased from Fisher. Deionized (DI) water is generated from a Millipore DI system. All chemicals, except sodium chloride (NaCl), were of analytical quality and were utilized without any further purification or alteration."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:301dc3d822214f6bac3f0a62", "origin_case_id": "PMC12177780:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "301dc3d822214f6bac3f0a6287f0cfd5e750794bee195224bcace554c116e823", "source_text_sha256": "301dc3d822214f6bac3f0a6287f0cfd5e750794bee195224bcace554c116e823", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acsomega.5c02345", "title": "High-Performance Polyimide Membranes Containing Graphene Oxide for Reverse Osmosis Desalination.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Preparation of Graphene Oxide"], "source_text": "GO flakes were produced from purified natural graphite using a modified Hummers’ method as illustrated in Scheme . To begin, 3.0 g of graphite flakes were combined with 69 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 1.5 g of sodium nitrate. The mixture was then cooled in an ice bath (0 °C) before gradually adding 9.0 g of potassium permanganate. The temperature was increased to 35 °C, and the solution was stirred for 2 h. Next, 138 mL of deionized (DI) water was carefully introduced, and the reaction was maintained at 98 °C for 15 min. The solution was subsequently cooled in a water bath for 10 min and then treated with 420 mL of water and 3 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). After cooling, the acidic supernatant was separated by centrifugation, and the remaining mixture was washed with ethanol and hydrochloric acid until a neutral pH was obtained through further rinsing with DI water. Lastly, the residual material was gently diluted and subjected to sonication, and the characterized features of the obtained GO powder were illustrated in our previous work."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:e439800eeec0cf8103aecbe6", "origin_case_id": "PMC12177780:body:p13", "origin_content_sha256": "e439800eeec0cf8103aecbe6b2bcf72929e57d3cb7e044f1847b86081a487d69", "source_text_sha256": "e439800eeec0cf8103aecbe6b2bcf72929e57d3cb7e044f1847b86081a487d69", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acsomega.5c02345", "title": "High-Performance Polyimide Membranes Containing Graphene Oxide for Reverse Osmosis Desalination.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p13", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Characterization of Prepared PI/G Membranes", "FT-IR Spectra of the Prepared Membranes"], "source_text": "First, the polyimide membrane (PI) and the hybrid polyimide/graphene oxide membranes (PI/G) were prepared using a DMF solution and cast to afford the required target membranes. Also, Figure displays using an FT-IR spectrometer to analyze the present functional groups in the prepared materials. The FT-IR spectrometer of the polyimide membrane (PI) exhibits significant absorption frequency at 1725 cm–1, related to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching of carbonyl of the imide ring (CO). , The characteristic absorption peaks, C–N stretching amide group and C–H stretching appeared at 1380 and 3010 cm–1 respectively, while the weak absorption band at 1615 cm–1 was assigned to the presence of CC group related to the aromatic ring. , On the other hand, the FT-IR Spectra of the prepared hybrid membranes (PI/G) confirmed the blending process of polyimide with graphene oxide particles (Figure ). Also, there is a weak absorption peak around 3450 cm–1, which could be owing to the porosity and hygroscopic character of graphene oxide. In addition, the chart showed new characteristic peaks of graphene oxide structure at 2830 and 2920 cm–1 related to symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration of C–H bond, besides the CC stretching vibration of unoxidized graphitic domain at 1615 cm–1. , Other significant absorption peaks related to the functional group of polyimides were assigned at 3010, 1725, and 1380 cm–1 due to aromatic C–H stretching, stretching vibration of the carbonyl group (CO), and C–N stretching of the amide group."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:8afb7766589bc192a70c5620", "origin_case_id": "PMC12177780:body:p14", "origin_content_sha256": "8afb7766589bc192a70c562071d2365a7a972e66d5ae0aca8996156fd9b21110", "source_text_sha256": "8afb7766589bc192a70c562071d2365a7a972e66d5ae0aca8996156fd9b21110", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acsomega.5c02345", "title": "High-Performance Polyimide Membranes Containing Graphene Oxide for Reverse Osmosis Desalination.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p14", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Characterization of Prepared PI/G Membranes", "SEM Morphological Characteristics"], "source_text": "The SEM spectra were used to investigate and analyze the surface morphology of the PI membrane and hybrid prepared PI/G membranes as displayed in Figures and and the cross-sectional SEM micrographs of membranes are displayed in Figures and . The surface morphology of PI membrane shows topography with a “porous” structure, besides the surface has a dense, groovy, and thin top selective layer, which is supported on a thick, porous sublayer (Figure )."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "63e02753fd74fadae2360de6d325f323fc79b119f7c9d3cc2e5de95d18cc3075", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12177780/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_7a76bb01db2aa089", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1007/s40820-026-02326-1", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_7a76bb01db2aa089", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:86dda038246aec964adee2e0", "origin_case_id": "PMC13457540:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "86dda038246aec964adee2e010164e199ec147d8b22ba2e1d0f9b9cc080dfe47", "source_text_sha256": "86dda038246aec964adee2e010164e199ec147d8b22ba2e1d0f9b9cc080dfe47", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1007/s40820-026-02326-1", "title": "Covalent Organic Framework-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes Enabling Ultra-Thin Robust Polyimide Films for High-Specific-Power Flexible GaAs Solar Cells.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Materials"], "source_text": "MWCNTs (95%) were obtained from Glatt (Shanghai) Information Technology Co., Ltd. 3, 3',4,4'-Biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (s-BPDA, 97%) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA, 99.45%) were purchased from Shanghai Bide Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP, 99.5%) and Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA, 96%) were sourced from Shanghai Maclean's Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc, 99.5%) and Methyl acrylate (MA, 99%) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. Concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95%) and concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 65%) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Aminopropyl double-terminated dimethicone (APPS, 99%) and absolute ethanol (C2H5OH, 99.7%) were purchased from Shanghai Merrell Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:3dc8c4842a63be1349a911dd", "origin_case_id": "PMC13457540:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "3dc8c4842a63be1349a911ddb5db66401bf8165d3b46d31a19cfd6f14596e3df", "source_text_sha256": "3dc8c4842a63be1349a911ddb5db66401bf8165d3b46d31a19cfd6f14596e3df", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1007/s40820-026-02326-1", "title": "Covalent Organic Framework-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes Enabling Ultra-Thin Robust Polyimide Films for High-Specific-Power Flexible GaAs Solar Cells.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Purification and Carboxylation of MWCNTs"], "source_text": "The MWCNT powders were initially oxidized in air and subsequently refluxed in a concentrated sulfuric acid/nitric acid mixture (3:1 v/v) to remove metal catalyst impurities and introduce carboxyl groups onto the MWCNT surface. Typically, 600 mg of MWCNTs were heated in an oven at 300 °C for 1 h. The thermally treated MWCNTs were then transferred to a 100 mL three-neck flask equipped with a reflux condenser, to which 30 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid and 10 mL of concentrated nitric acid were added. The mixture was heated and magnetically stirred at 60 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the suspension was diluted with 300 mL of deionized water and allowed to stand until the MWCNTs had completely precipitated. The supernatant was decanted, and the residue was further diluted with another 300 mL of deionized water, filtered, and washed until the filtrate was neutral. The resulting black MWCNT filter cake was then vacuum-dried at 60 °C for 24 h to yield carboxylated MWCNTs (MWCNT-COOH)."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:d5baf442ab91d027fcc685be", "origin_case_id": "PMC13457540:body:p12", "origin_content_sha256": "d5baf442ab91d027fcc685be98057cc93396c196f283a0c2987bc4b481e50c66", "source_text_sha256": "d5baf442ab91d027fcc685be98057cc93396c196f283a0c2987bc4b481e50c66", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1007/s40820-026-02326-1", "title": "Covalent Organic Framework-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes Enabling Ultra-Thin Robust Polyimide Films for High-Specific-Power Flexible GaAs Solar Cells.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p12", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Design and Structure of MWCNT-COF/PI Composite Films"], "source_text": "The synthesis process for the MWCNT-COF coaxial hybrid material and MWCNT-COF/PI composite films is shown in Figs. 1 and S1. Initially, MWCNT-COOH was prepared to ensure the uniform distribution of COF materials on the MWCNT surface. During the solvothermal process, the polymerization of MA and PDMA occurred, resulting in the formation of a porous PI-based COF layer that is covalently attached to the MWCNT surface. The resulting MWCNT-COF coaxial hybrid was then introduced into the siloxane-containing PAA (s-BPDA/ODA/APPS) solution, forming a well-dispersed MWCNT-COF hybrid suspension within the PAA precursor. Following successive film casting, drying, and thermal imidization steps, ultra-thin, porous MWCNT-COF/PI composite films were obtained. Compared to traditional bare PI films, this ultra-thin and robust PI film structure can withstand lateral tensile forces and longitudinal nail penetration to a certain extent, thanks to the anchoring effect of chemical bonds from both CNTs and COFs within the PI substrate. Moreover, the interwoven layered distribution of the 3D CNT composite network imparts a degree of porosity to the PI substrate, which greatly reduces the density of the flexible PI substrate. This type of PI film, characterized by low density, light weight, and high toughness, is ideally suited as a base for flexible solar cells, offering high power-to-weight ratios and providing continuous energy for wearable devices and aerial vehicles."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:6aaefe93522221e7a0fc416e", "origin_case_id": "PMC13457540:body:p13", "origin_content_sha256": "6aaefe93522221e7a0fc416e93b4e838b39a1d441478fb511084d2c4283811a4", "source_text_sha256": "6aaefe93522221e7a0fc416e93b4e838b39a1d441478fb511084d2c4283811a4", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1007/s40820-026-02326-1", "title": "Covalent Organic Framework-Anchored Carbon Nanotubes Enabling Ultra-Thin Robust Polyimide Films for High-Specific-Power Flexible GaAs Solar Cells.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p13", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Design and Structure of MWCNT-COF/PI Composite Films"], "source_text": "To investigate the source of ultra-light and ultra-strong properties of MWCNT-COF/PI composite films, the microstructures of the composite films were examined through SEM characterization. The SEM images of MWCNT, MWCNT-COOH, and MWCNT-COF hybrids are displayed in Fig. 2a–c. As shown in Fig. 2a, MWCNT features a smooth surface, while the carboxylated MWCNT exhibits a rough surface, reduced length, and a scattered distribution. In contrast, the MWCNT-COF hybrid (Fig. 2c) exhibits a rougher surface, indicating the successful growth of COFs on the MWCNT surface [23]. As shown in Fig. S2a–f, the upper surface of the MWCNT-COF/PI composite films develops a uniformly dispersed network structure as the content of MWCNT-COF hybrid increases, which is conducive to obtaining ultra-light and ultra-strong properties of composite films. TEM images of MWCNTs, MWCNT-COOH, and MWCNT-COF hybrids are shown in Fig. 2d–f. It can be clearly observed that the lattice fringes of MWCNT-COOH display a smooth surface (Fig. 3e), whereas the MWCNT-COF surface (Fig. 3f) is characterized by the chemical bonds of PI-COFs, resulting in a rougher structure and a more robust composite film. EDS results (Fig. 3g–j) indicate a uniform distribution of C, N, and O elements throughout the MWCNT-COF hybrid, confirming the successful growth of PI-COFs on MWCNTs, which is consistent with the SEM observations."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "6fac9930c158930a265d24c639974673ea7df2ea23097e43e3617340c54a1268", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13457540/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_966cf073ae124733", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.3390/polym18080948", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事���。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_966cf073ae124733", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:f75b9d5e591f84d9e44a3491", "origin_case_id": "PMC13120450:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "f75b9d5e591f84d9e44a3491fc57bb1252b13f17300d646848d9f3f7b0bae963", "source_text_sha256": "f75b9d5e591f84d9e44a3491fc57bb1252b13f17300d646848d9f3f7b0bae963", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18080948", "title": "Effect of hBN Particle Size and Content on the Tribological Properties of Polysiloxane-Containing Polyimide Composite Coatings Under Unlubricated Conditions.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["2. Experimental Method", "2.1. Preparation of hBN/si-PI Composite Coatings"], "source_text": "Commercially available si-PI precursor solutions (SIL-1400, Starfire System Inc., New York, NY, USA) and four types of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) powders (AP-10S, AP-20S, AP-100S, and AP-170S, MARUKA Co., Ltd., Ena, Japan) were used to prepare hBN/si-PI composite coatings. The mean primary particle diameters of the hBN powders provided by the manufacturer are summarized in Table 1. However, as seen in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, BN3.0 and BN0.7 appear to be consistent with the nominal particle sizes, whereas BN0.1 and BN0.05 tend to exhibit some agglomeration. The median and mean values for each powder were measured using a particle size distribution analyzer (LA960S2, Horiba Ltd., Kyoto, Japan) and were found to be 3.9 and 4.3 μm for AP-10S, 2.6 and 5.0 μm for AP-20S, 5.3 and 9.1 μm for AP-100S, and 2.1 and 6.7 μm for AP-170S, respectively. The composite coatings fabricated using hBN as a filler were named BN3.0, BN0.7, BN0.1, and BN0.05, respectively (Table 1). For comparison, a si-PI coating without hBN fillers was also fabricated and named N."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:48409dc4aabc3e5d726aa634", "origin_case_id": "PMC13120450:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "48409dc4aabc3e5d726aa63472be44898ec3edd0faf804aa415c8b46fcecd16e", "source_text_sha256": "48409dc4aabc3e5d726aa63472be44898ec3edd0faf804aa415c8b46fcecd16e", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18080948", "title": "Effect of hBN Particle Size and Content on the Tribological Properties of Polysiloxane-Containing Polyimide Composite Coatings Under Unlubricated Conditions.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["2. Experimental Method", "2.1. Preparation of hBN/si-PI Composite Coatings"], "source_text": "The si-PI precursor solution was diluted with 99.5 wt% ethanol at a mass ratio of 3:2 to adjust the viscosity for dip-coating. Subsequently, each hBN powder was added to the diluted PI solution. The mixture was stirred for 15 min, then ultrasonicated for 20 min to achieve homogeneous dispersion of the hBN fillers within the si-PI matrix. The coating was performed using a dip-coating method, as shown in Figure 1. A bearing steel (SUJ2, Japanese Industrial Standards [JIS]) plate measuring 15 mm × 15 mm × 1.6 mm, with a mirror-polished surface and a surface roughness of approximately 0.15 μmRa, was used as a coating substrate. In addition, a Si (001) substrate measuring 15 mm × 15 mm × 0.635 mm with a surface roughness of 0.001 μmRa was used to facilitate detailed observation of the coating cross-sections before and after the sliding test. Before coating, the substrates were cleaned using an ethanol-based solvent mixture in an ultrasonic cleaner to remove surface contaminants. A portion of the substrate was covered with masking tape before dip coating to determine the coating thickness by measuring the height difference between the coating and the substrate. After cleaning, the substrate was immersed in the coating solution for 60 s, then withdrawn at a constant speed of 12 mm/s. The coated substrate was placed horizontally and dried at 85 °C in air for 2 h on a heating plate. The masking tape was peeled off after drying. Finally, the coated substrate was placed in an electronic furnace and cured at 160 °C, a typical tempering temperature for bearing steels. The heating rate was set to be 1 °C/min, and the curing temperature was maintained for 2 h. After completion of the curing process, the samples were kept in the electronic furnace for approximately 12 h to allow natural cooling to room temperature (20–25 °C)."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:95fa13d1c7448b6377f17477", "origin_case_id": "PMC13120450:body:p10", "origin_content_sha256": "95fa13d1c7448b6377f17477016717a7157bb9713e0120f1d073c44606ff0920", "source_text_sha256": "95fa13d1c7448b6377f17477016717a7157bb9713e0120f1d073c44606ff0920", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18080948", "title": "Effect of hBN Particle Size and Content on the Tribological Properties of Polysiloxane-Containing Polyimide Composite Coatings Under Unlubricated Conditions.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p10", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Selection of hBN Fillers"], "source_text": "The tribological properties of the N, BN3.0, BN0.7, BN0.1, and BN0.05 coatings under unlubricated conditions were compared to select the best candidate filler that would improve their properties. The concentration of all hBN fillers in the coating solution was maintained at approximately 13 wt%. The average coating thickness was approximately 22–33 μm and showed particle-size dependence as shown in Figure S1 of the supplemental materials. At the same filler concentration, smaller particles generally led to a more pronounced increase in solution viscosity than larger particles [27]. In the dip coating method, a thicker coating is typically produced with a higher solution viscosity [28]. The moderate particle size (0.7 μm) likely provided an optimal balance between surface area and dispersion stability, thereby increasing the suspension viscosity and leading to a thicker deposited layer. However, when the particle size was further reduced, the coating thickness decreased. This deviation from the expected trend is attributed to the agglomeration of the nano-hBN particles, as observed in the SEM images in Table 1. Agglomeration reduces the effective dispersion of particles in the solution and suppresses the viscosity-enhancing effect of well-dispersed nanosized fillers, thereby leading to a smaller coating thickness."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:c73704effde3058006971725", "origin_case_id": "PMC13120450:body:p11", "origin_content_sha256": "c73704effde30580069717254394795ade456a3588fa221ec2484fa82b037b83", "source_text_sha256": "c73704effde30580069717254394795ade456a3588fa221ec2484fa82b037b83", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18080948", "title": "Effect of hBN Particle Size and Content on the Tribological Properties of Polysiloxane-Containing Polyimide Composite Coatings Under Unlubricated Conditions.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p11", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Selection of hBN Fillers"], "source_text": "Figure 3 shows the friction properties of the N coatings based on the wear track observation results. The friction coefficient fluctuated during the 6 m sliding test, as shown by the black line in Figure 3a, and the coating was partially peeled and severely damaged, as shown in Figure 3b. To study the damage process, an additional sliding test was conducted with a shorter sliding distance of 1.2 m. The friction properties and wear track observation results are indicated by the red lines in Figure 3a and Figure 3c, respectively. The friction coefficient remained stable throughout the tests. However, several transverse cracks with a length of approximately 100 μm can be seen on the friction surface. These cracks propagated and coalesced, leading to early partial peeling and severe damage to the coating."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "cf03f254ece7c92fa6aafdd6eb9c9710068ec53836ad01a9b87d2d316c4d7f23", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13120450/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_a046c9cfceee01ad", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1039/d5ra05765e", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_a046c9cfceee01ad", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:428f7584688ee5e684fd3850", "origin_case_id": "PMC12801222:body:p3", "origin_content_sha256": "428f7584688ee5e684fd385008c99ea73850125f72c51ab7c8606664d0e02977", "source_text_sha256": "428f7584688ee5e684fd385008c99ea73850125f72c51ab7c8606664d0e02977", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra05765e", "title": "High-performance polyimide coatings for mild steel: the impact of benzophenone, biphenyl, and bisphenol-a core structures.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p3", "section": ["Experimental section", "Materials"], "source_text": "Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), benzophenone-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA), 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) bis(phthalic anhydride) (BPADA), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) were attained from Sigma-Aldrich, India. Hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) and 4,4′-biphthalic anhydride (BPDA) were procured from TCI chemicals. Low-alloy mild steel sheets were collected from the CRM Tata Steel, Jamshedpur."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:8d61803918a4034f95f69bb2", "origin_case_id": "PMC12801222:body:p4", "origin_content_sha256": "8d61803918a4034f95f69bb23dfa8286a1e38ec493cc2190263134c8f6051d6d", "source_text_sha256": "8d61803918a4034f95f69bb23dfa8286a1e38ec493cc2190263134c8f6051d6d", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra05765e", "title": "High-performance polyimide coatings for mild steel: the impact of benzophenone, biphenyl, and bisphenol-a core structures.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p4", "section": ["Experimental section", "Methods"], "source_text": "Three polyamic acid (PAA) coating solutions were prepared by slowly mixing the monomers (two diamines and two dianhydrides) into N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent and allowing them to react under an N2 environment for 24–36 hours. Two diamines (ODA and HMDA) and one dianhydride (PMDA) have been kept constant in all three above formulations. The second dianhydride was selected out of BPDA, BTDA, and BPADA to prepare three different types of coating solutions (PAA-1, PAA-2, and PAA-3), respectively. The details of each formulation are mentioned in Table 1. The proposed possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of PAA-1, PAA-2, and PAA-3 are depicted in Scheme 1, 2, and 3, respectively."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:4a00f289a4094ee5c8fc93fe", "origin_case_id": "PMC12801222:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "4a00f289a4094ee5c8fc93fe5c5393100aa0c53162ff26ea7008ac5ed8e42000", "source_text_sha256": "4a00f289a4094ee5c8fc93fe5c5393100aa0c53162ff26ea7008ac5ed8e42000", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra05765e", "title": "High-performance polyimide coatings for mild steel: the impact of benzophenone, biphenyl, and bisphenol-a core structures.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["Characterizations"], "source_text": "The presence of functional groups in coating solutions and on coated steel substrates was verified by FTIR spectroscopy using a Vertex 80 spectrometer (Bruker) in ATR mode within a range of 400–4000 cm−1. Solid-state 13C CP-TOSS (Cross-polarization with total sideband suppression) NMR spectra were obtained using a Bruker AV-500 spectrometer at a magic-angle spinning frequency of 10 kHz with a 2.5 mm rotor, to confirm the structure of the polyimide film. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was conducted on an Omicron ESCA system (Germany) employing a survey scan resolution of 50 eV and a high-resolution pass energy of 20 eV. The microstructural analysis of different coated steel substrates was done under an SEM (Zeiss Crossbeam 340) at a working distance of 5 mm. Electrochemical characterisations, such as potentiodynamic polarisation (Tafel) curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests, were performed using the Gamry 1010E potentiostat instrument. It examined the corrosion resistance properties of three different types of coatings on mild steel substrates. Potentiodynamic tests were performed from −0.25 V to 0.6 V with a scan rate of 0.5 mV s−1. The EIS study was conducted in the frequency range of 10−2 Hz to 105 Hz. A three-electrode setup was employed, with the sample serving as the working electrode, having a 1 cm2 exposed surface, the electrolyte being a 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution, the counter electrode being a platinum mesh, and the reference electrode being a saturated calomel electrode (SCE). According to ASTM B117, a salt spray test was conducted. Coupon size (10 cm × 4 cm) samples of each coating were exposed in a salt spray chamber. The coated substrates were checked at regular time intervals, and results were observed regarding changes in surface blisters, red rust, and coating failure. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed using a DMA 850 by TA Instruments. All tests are done with a single screw film tension clamp in temperature sweep mode, having a ramp rate of 3 °C min−1 up to 250 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using a NETZSCH STA 449F3 to investigate the thermal properties of polyimide films. All experiments were conducted under an N2 atmosphere with a heating rate of 5 °C min−1, starting from 25 °C to 800 °C. A conical mandrel bend test was performed in accordance with ASTM D522 to assess the flexibility of the coating, and a pull-off adhesion test was conducted following ASTM D4541 to evaluate the coating's adhesion to the mild steel substrate. Finally, water boiling resistance was tested according to ASTM D6665 and ASTM D870 to determine the adhesion durability of the three coatings under hydrothermal conditions."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:126a699a6069fcfa1e92cc4a", "origin_case_id": "PMC12801222:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "126a699a6069fcfa1e92cc4a6a5c2ad252a916b0272312dcd06fcb99b02307c6", "source_text_sha256": "126a699a6069fcfa1e92cc4a6a5c2ad252a916b0272312dcd06fcb99b02307c6", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1039/d5ra05765e", "title": "High-performance polyimide coatings for mild steel: the impact of benzophenone, biphenyl, and bisphenol-a core structures.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["Results and discussion", "Structural characterization", "Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy"], "source_text": "Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a valuable tool for analysing chemical bonding and molecular interactions of coatings. Fig. 1 shows the FTIR spectrum of PAA-1, PAA-2, and PAA-3 solutions and the coated substrates. Since the three polyimide coatings have similar functional groups, no significant changes are observed in the FTIR spectra. The formation of polyimide coatings from polyamic acid (PAA) solution leads to shifting the peak towards a higher wavelength. Due to the ODA moiety in the PAA solution, the C–O peak was observed at 1233 cm−1. C <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" version=\"1.0\" width=\"13.200000pt\" height=\"16.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 13.200000 16.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata> Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019 </metadata><g transform=\"translate(1.000000,15.000000) scale(0.017500,-0.017500)\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M0 440 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z M0 280 l0 -40 320 0 320 0 0 40 0 40 -320 0 -320 0 0 -40z\"/></g></svg> C and symmetric –CONH, asymmetric –CONH bond stretching were observed at 1497 cm−1, 1635 cm−1, and 1720 cm−1 for PI-1, PI-2, PI-3 PAA solution, which shifted to 1502 cm−1, 1699 cm−1, and 1770 cm−1, respectively, after curing/imidization.29,30 Furthermore, the Fe–O–C peak was observed at 550 cm−1. The reduced intensity of the C–O bond and the peak shifts confirm the interaction between the polyimide and the mild steel substrate.31 The C–N peaks at 1393 cm−1 have disappeared in all PAA solutions after curing, and a new peak has been detected at 1365 cm−1. The mentioned peaks confirm the successful formation of the PI coating on the mild steel. The peaks at 2854 cm−1 and 2933 cm−1 are also attributed to symmetric and asymmetric –CH stretching.32 Lastly, the peaks at 3013 cm−1 and 3072 cm−1 represent various amines.33"}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "8a9c46acffdfff6a88bba410e34f0b909cb65a053486b9af94ddc59147068dc5", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12801222/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_4fd4997e262e9b7a", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.3390/gels12020108", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_4fd4997e262e9b7a", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:53c9852f388abd195a870d8c", "origin_case_id": "PMC12940053:body:p26", "origin_content_sha256": "53c9852f388abd195a870d8cb5658b1f56cbefe26e48731eadd1ed24a21efdd5", "source_text_sha256": "53c9852f388abd195a870d8cb5658b1f56cbefe26e48731eadd1ed24a21efdd5", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/gels12020108", "title": "Highly Porous Polyimide Gel for Use as a Battery Separator with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p26", "section": ["4. Materials and Methods", "4.1. Materials"], "source_text": "The diamine 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA) was purchased from Wakayama Seika Kogyo Co., Ltd., Wakayama, Japan. The dianhydride biphenyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) was purchased from UBE America, Inc. The trifunctional cross-linker, triisocyanate Desmodur N3300A, was purchased from Bayer Material Science. N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) was purchased from Tedia. Acetic anhydride (AA), triethylamine (TEA), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, Li metal, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone was purchased from Fisher Chemical. The high-surface-area active carbon powder was purchased from MTI Corporation The Six imidazolium-based RTILs with relatively low viscosities used in the experiments were obtained from IoLiTec, Inc The chemical structures of these ionic liquids and their properties are presented in Table 1. The dianhydride BPDA was vacuum dried at 135 °C overnight prior to synthesis, and the active carbon was dried at 100 °C under vacuum overnight before use. All other reagents were used as received with no further purification."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:47864695a12cfd5954b3b0c6", "origin_case_id": "PMC12940053:body:p27", "origin_content_sha256": "47864695a12cfd5954b3b0c6d49e3810f64e3656a46c93a7aef23cc8f72c4845", "source_text_sha256": "47864695a12cfd5954b3b0c6d49e3810f64e3656a46c93a7aef23cc8f72c4845", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/gels12020108", "title": "Highly Porous Polyimide Gel for Use as a Battery Separator with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p27", "section": ["4. Materials and Methods", "4.2. Preparation of Polyimide Gels"], "source_text": "The polyimide gel was formulated as described in our previous investigations [30,37]. The backbone of the polyimide aerogel was synthesized with n equivalents of the dianhydride BPDA and n + 1 equivalents of the diamine ODA, then cross-linked with the trifunctional isocyanate monomer N3300A to form a three-dimensional network. The polyimide backbone chain length was formulated with n = 30 and n = 60 between cross-links. The reaction was carried out in the polar aprotic solvent NMP and chemically imidized at room temperature using acetic anhydride (AA) as a water scavenger and triethylamine (TEA) as a catalyst."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:a587b66cb97cfe01c03f5606", "origin_case_id": "PMC12940053:body:p9", "origin_content_sha256": "a587b66cb97cfe01c03f5606236e8204e2edc1d90f4f1b0e91d4390686438a04", "source_text_sha256": "a587b66cb97cfe01c03f5606236e8204e2edc1d90f4f1b0e91d4390686438a04", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/gels12020108", "title": "Highly Porous Polyimide Gel for Use as a Battery Separator with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p9", "section": ["2. Results and Discussion"], "source_text": "The physical, thermal, and morphological properties of ODA/BPDA/N3300A polyimide (PI) gel and its corresponding polyimide aerogel have been well studied [30,37]. The mechanism for the polyimide reaction is presented in Scheme 1 [37]. The chemical structure of the PI aerogel with n of 30, verified via solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), is shown in Figure S1 and the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is shown in Figure S2."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:f34e43f881d4850862094e8e", "origin_case_id": "PMC12940053:body:p10", "origin_content_sha256": "f34e43f881d4850862094e8eafae477089a57f312b55220f6c60996c75cfc46d", "source_text_sha256": "f34e43f881d4850862094e8eafae477089a57f312b55220f6c60996c75cfc46d", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/gels12020108", "title": "Highly Porous Polyimide Gel for Use as a Battery Separator with Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid Electrolytes.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p10", "section": ["2. Results and Discussion"], "source_text": "Plotted in Figure 1a,b are the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) traces of the cross-linked PI aerogels formulated with n = 30 and n = 60, respectively, collected in N2. An initial weight loss of approximately 1–2% near 100 °C was attributed to desorption of moisture and/or residual volatiles. The formulation with lower n (higher N3300A content) exhibited a subtle mass loss feature near 250 °C, consistent with the decomposition of the aliphatic segments in the cross-linker [38,39]. The cross-linked PI aerogels with n = 30 and n = 60 showed onset decomposition temperatures (Td) of 561 °C and 567 °C, respectively, with high char yields (67.6%)."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "6e2b5b0c42bce2fa83627a3333acfb5416aecf121998ee13439f8e7ff8d56e7b", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12940053/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_9adf7e3973257d74", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.3390/polym18091016", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用���满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_9adf7e3973257d74", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:a25210b0108d0f13d3d498cd", "origin_case_id": "PMC13165319:body:p5", "origin_content_sha256": "a25210b0108d0f13d3d498cd3120bb99dc46cefc2fb1006eb3d97908000c3afc", "source_text_sha256": "a25210b0108d0f13d3d498cd3120bb99dc46cefc2fb1006eb3d97908000c3afc", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18091016", "title": "High-T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; Polyimide Matrix Composites via Backbone Ethynyl Crosslinking: Preparation and Short-Term High-Temperature Performance.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p5", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.1. Materials"], "source_text": "T800-grade carbon fiber U-8190 plain weave fabric, with an areal density of 190 g/m2, was provided by Weihai Tuozhan Fiber Co., Ltd., Weihai, China. The fabric was subjected to thermal desizing treatment at 350 °C. 4-phenylethynylphthalic anhydride (4-PEPA), 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (α-BPDA) were procured from Changzhou Sunshine Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Changzhou, China). 4,4′-(ethyne-1,2-diyl)diphthalic anhydride (EBPA) was supplied by TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 4,4′-Oxydianiline (4,4′-ODA) was provided by China Tech (Tianjin) Chemical Co., Ltd., (Tianjin, China) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) of analytical reagent (AR) grade was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents were used as received without further purification."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:040c446879e6e7306eba680d", "origin_case_id": "PMC13165319:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "040c446879e6e7306eba680d3b8a99b68dc29aee9495ad16478bd065bf4d5d3b", "source_text_sha256": "040c446879e6e7306eba680d3b8a99b68dc29aee9495ad16478bd065bf4d5d3b", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18091016", "title": "High-T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; Polyimide Matrix Composites via Backbone Ethynyl Crosslinking: Preparation and Short-Term High-Temperature Performance.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.2. Synthesis of EBPA Polyimide Resin"], "source_text": "Into a dried three-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, high-purity nitrogen inlet, and a reflux condenser, 4,4′-ODA was dissolved in DMAc. The mixture was stirred under a nitrogen atmosphere until a homogeneous and transparent diamine solution was obtained. Subsequently, stoichiometric amounts of dianhydride monomers EBPA and α-BPDA were weighed, then dissolved in DMAc to prepare the dianhydride solution. The dianhydride solution was added dropwise to the diamine solution under continuous stirring. After reaction at room temperature for 2 h, 4-PEPA pre-dissolved in DMAc was introduced as an end-capping agent. The mixture was mechanically stirred at 75 °C for 1 h until a transparent poly(amic acid) (PAA) solution was formed. Upon cooling, the PAA solution was subjected to rotary evaporation at 160 °C to remove the solvent. The resulting solid powder was thermally treated at 230 °C under vacuum for 2 h to obtain the EBPA-based polyimide resin powder for physicochemical characterization. Samples for TGA required further curing at 385 °C for another 2 h. Five resins with varying compositions were synthesized by adjusting the molar ratio of dianhydride monomers (EBPA and α-BPDA) to diamine monomer (4,4′-ODA), named as EBPA-0, EBPA-1, EBPA-2, EBPA-3, and EBPA-4, respectively. The synthetic route of EBPA-based polyimide resin is illustrated in Figure 1, and detailed feed ratios are summarized in Table 1."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:b165a82076269a90d18d2e76", "origin_case_id": "PMC13165319:body:p12", "origin_content_sha256": "b165a82076269a90d18d2e76b223009835947bf70886fc4a8750f0a102a41b34", "source_text_sha256": "b165a82076269a90d18d2e76b223009835947bf70886fc4a8750f0a102a41b34", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18091016", "title": "High-T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; Polyimide Matrix Composites via Backbone Ethynyl Crosslinking: Preparation and Short-Term High-Temperature Performance.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p12", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Curing Behavior and Structure Analysis of EBPA-Based Polyimide Resin"], "source_text": "The synthesis of polyimide resin involves three sequential reaction stages: amidation (formation of polyamic acid), imidization (cyclization to imide rings), and curing (cross-linking to form network structures). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was employed to qualitatively analyze the EBPA-based polyimide resins treated at various temperatures, aiming to identify the molecular structure types. Figure 2a presents the FT-IR spectra of polyimide resins with different EBPA contents after thermal treatment at 230 °C. The characteristic absorption peaks observed at 1777 cm−1, 1717 cm−1, and 740 cm−1 are assigned to the asymmetric stretching, symmetric stretching, and bending vibrations of the carbonyl groups (C=O) in the imide rings, respectively. The band at 1374 cm−1 corresponds to the C-N stretching vibration within the imide rings. It could be observed that no O-H stretching vibration absorption bands were detected in the range of 3650–3200 cm−1 for all resin formulations, indicating complete imidization and the formation of typical imide ring structures upon thermal treatment."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:a96873e91e2c2b4fbf109c18", "origin_case_id": "PMC13165319:body:p13", "origin_content_sha256": "a96873e91e2c2b4fbf109c1869f20fa5bf330fac821e5da38335925966970455", "source_text_sha256": "a96873e91e2c2b4fbf109c1869f20fa5bf330fac821e5da38335925966970455", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/polym18091016", "title": "High-T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; Polyimide Matrix Composites via Backbone Ethynyl Crosslinking: Preparation and Short-Term High-Temperature Performance.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p13", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Curing Behavior and Structure Analysis of EBPA-Based Polyimide Resin"], "source_text": "Additionally, characteristic absorption peaks arising from benzene ring skeletal vibrations were observed at 1500 cm−1 and 1084 cm−1. Of particular note was the stretching vibration band of the alkyne groups (C≡C) detected near 2210 cm−1, which originated from the ethynyl moieties present in both 4-PEPA and EBPA molecular structures. The persistence of this peak after thermal treatment at 230 °C indicated that the curing and cross-linking reactions had not yet been initiated in the polyimide resins at this stage."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "73e85275bec24829de0cd4164bfadc6dd93644526d0f6f776d00c950df2f2cb5", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC13165319/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_3103723ee424db07", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.3390/ma19020385", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_3103723ee424db07", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:556fbf718059cc7ca9f10995", "origin_case_id": "PMC12842816:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "556fbf718059cc7ca9f10995c7f75e9088477dc6845081e35a52bfc0c252a123", "source_text_sha256": "556fbf718059cc7ca9f10995c7f75e9088477dc6845081e35a52bfc0c252a123", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19020385", "title": "Effect of Selectively Etched Al-Rich and Si-Rich Microstructures on the Adhesion of Polyimide Coatings to SLM AlSi10Mg.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.1. Materials and Specimen Preparation"], "source_text": "The metal substrate was an AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM). The feedstock was AlSi10Mg powder (5–45 µm; Bright Laser Technologies, Xi’an, China). The nominal powder composition (wt.%) was Si 9.80, Mg 0.40, Fe 0.15, Zn 0.03, Zr 0.01, Ti 0.01, with Al as the balance. SLM was carried out on an EOSINT M280 system under an argon (Ar) atmosphere. The oxygen level in the build chamber was kept below 50 ppm. The process parameters were as follows: laser power 370 W, scan speed 1300 mm s−1, hatch spacing 200 μm, and layer thickness 30 μm [23]. An alternating scan path was used. The scan direction was rotated by 67° between adjacent layers. To study the effect of build-plane orientation, the surface perpendicular to the build direction was defined as the XY plane. The side surface parallel to the build direction was defined as the Z plane."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:5a9674fbc4fad8287311a8fa", "origin_case_id": "PMC12842816:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "5a9674fbc4fad8287311a8fa3b6f15ff5d531c282ea532e7d25126db58783ead", "source_text_sha256": "5a9674fbc4fad8287311a8fa3b6f15ff5d531c282ea532e7d25126db58783ead", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19020385", "title": "Effect of Selectively Etched Al-Rich and Si-Rich Microstructures on the Adhesion of Polyimide Coatings to SLM AlSi10Mg.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["2. Materials and Methods", "2.1. Materials and Specimen Preparation"], "source_text": "The insulating material was a soluble polyimide (PI) precursor solution (20 wt.% solids; DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA). The viscosity was >2000 mPa·s at 25 °C. The density was 1.05–1.12 g cm−3."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:96ddb497845e71c3d9128ffc", "origin_case_id": "PMC12842816:body:p13", "origin_content_sha256": "96ddb497845e71c3d9128ffcf859d3cb1360841966f76c8cd56c27d52a0f3c2d", "source_text_sha256": "96ddb497845e71c3d9128ffcf859d3cb1360841966f76c8cd56c27d52a0f3c2d", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19020385", "title": "Effect of Selectively Etched Al-Rich and Si-Rich Microstructures on the Adhesion of Polyimide Coatings to SLM AlSi10Mg.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p13", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Surface Features"], "source_text": "The SLM AlSi10Mg substrate consists of a cellular α-Al matrix and a Si-rich phase. In acidic solutions, the Si-rich phase etches faster [26]. After etching, a residual α-Al framework remains on the surface. This produces an Al-rich microstructure. By contrast, in alkaline solutions, α-Al etches faster. The Si-rich framework is retained [27], resulting in a Si-rich microstructure."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:c09d31242b0b95938f744769", "origin_case_id": "PMC12842816:body:p14", "origin_content_sha256": "c09d31242b0b95938f744769ac32c0125e9239c627f024d7f7b17ffa26bbe53d", "source_text_sha256": "c09d31242b0b95938f744769ac32c0125e9239c627f024d7f7b17ffa26bbe53d", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.3390/ma19020385", "title": "Effect of Selectively Etched Al-Rich and Si-Rich Microstructures on the Adhesion of Polyimide Coatings to SLM AlSi10Mg.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p14", "section": ["3. Results and Discussion", "3.1. Surface Features"], "source_text": "After 7 s of acidic etching, the XY plane showed an aluminum-island structure (denoted XY-Al; Figure 2a). The islands had an equivalent diameter of ~0.35 μm. The island spacing was ~0.20 μm. Deep valley-like gaps formed between islands. Bridge-like connections were also observed locally. These bridges provide channels for infiltration of the polymer precursor. This may contribute to geometric interlocking after curing. Under the same acidic condition (7 s), the Z plane developed an Al-rich stripe structure aligned with the build direction (denoted Z-Al; Figure 2b). The structure mainly consisted of continuous Al columns. The characteristic width w was ~0.38 μm."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "737f24258b09d46abebf7d1e0a68c37a0760f68810d2360c5eeb64f9fb90586f", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12842816/fullTextXML"}
+{"id": "independent_67f8b15333c9c282", "split": "independent", "source_group": "doi:10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00066", "task": {"auto_expand_evidence": false, "available_resources": ["本任务给定原文", "仅在输入与适用域满足时执行配置的真实计算模型"], "budget": {"max_llm_calls": 20, "max_seconds": 3600}, "deliverables": ["evidence_report", "experiment_plan"], "domain_pack_id": "polyimide_design", "hard_constraints": [], "knowledge_base_enabled": false, "material_family": "polyimide 聚酰亚胺", "max_route_attempts": 2, "objectives": {"user_stated_goal": {"equals": null, "max": null, "min": null, "qualitative": "user_stated", "source_text": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。", "target": null, "unit": null, "weight": 1.0}}, "required_candidate_count": 2, "review_required": true, "scenario": "custom", "soft_constraints": [], "task_id": "independent_67f8b15333c9c282", "task_type": "material_design", "user_request": "依据本任务给定的聚酰亚胺文献原文，提出2个有差异的材料研究方向，其中至少包含一个原文体系的经典对照和一个明确标记、可检验的研究假设。完成材料设计、工艺建议、性能能力核对、风险筛查、综合评价和实验验证规划，形成待审报告。只把原文支持的样品、数值、单位和条件写成已报道事实。未给出的条件保持未知；新方向的性能、可行性及创新性保持待验证。如果没有已核对的连接图，不猜SMILES；若缺少计算模型所需输入，明确记录未执行，仍说明可以进行的文献分析及后续实验验证。不检索知识库，不申请外部检索，不将研究方案写成已完成计算或已完成实验。"}, "sources": [{"evidence_id": "provided:8a78e0bea706de47760a3543", "origin_case_id": "PMC12511967:body:p6", "origin_content_sha256": "8a78e0bea706de47760a3543a12c981290c2978aff802309074ceac8ebb45fb6", "source_text_sha256": "8a78e0bea706de47760a3543a12c981290c2978aff802309074ceac8ebb45fb6", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00066", "title": "Alicyclic Design of Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes with a Tricyclodecane Diamine for Improved Ion Crossover Blocking in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p6", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Materials"], "source_text": "Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was obtained from UniRegion. 3,3′,4,4′-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (>97%, BTDA) and triethylamine (>98%, TEA) were purchased from Thermo Scientific. 2,2′-Benzidinedisulfonic acid (>70%, BDSA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl ether (>98%, ODA) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Company (Tokyo, Japan). BDSA was first dissolved in ethanol and subsequently neutralized with triethylamine at 60 °C to obtain its triethylammonium salt form (BDSA-Et3NH), as illustrated in Scheme S1. Tricyclodecane diamine (TCDDA) was synthesized according to a reported method. ,, Bis­(aminomethyl)­norbornane (>98%, NBDA) was obtained from MACKLIN. The dianhydride was dried in a vacuum oven at 150 °C for 24 h before use."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:88260c3a9a34942ce3af5efa", "origin_case_id": "PMC12511967:body:p7", "origin_content_sha256": "88260c3a9a34942ce3af5efa1f1d51fdac413c8673c5794822565f430b4d4d08", "source_text_sha256": "88260c3a9a34942ce3af5efa1f1d51fdac413c8673c5794822565f430b4d4d08", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00066", "title": "Alicyclic Design of Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes with a Tricyclodecane Diamine for Improved Ion Crossover Blocking in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p7", "section": ["Experimental Section", "Synthesis of the Aromatic SPIs"], "source_text": "To synthesize PI materials with a block copolymer structure, we designed a reaction scheme involving two prepolymer segments of distinct compositions. These segments were coupled via end-group condensation to form the final block copolymer backbone. As shown in Scheme , in the first formulation, the sulfonated monomer BDSA-Et3NH (2.0 mmol) and BTDA dianhydride (2.2 mmol) were dissolved in 10 mL of DMSO at a solid content of 15–20 wt %, resulting in a PAA segment terminated with anhydride end groups. In the second formulation, the ODA (2.0 mmol) and BTDA (1.8 mmol) were reacted under the same conditions to obtain a PAA segment with amine end groups. Both prepolymers were stirred separately at room temperature for 6 h and then combined for a further 18 h of reaction to facilitate end-group condensation and formation of the block copolymer chain. After polymerization, the viscous PAA solution was precipitated in ethanol to yield a pale yellow solid. The precipitate was collected by vacuum filtration, thoroughly washed with methanol, and dried under vacuum to obtain a solid PAA powder. The resulting PAA solution was cast onto a clean glass substrate using a 500 μm gap film applicator to prepare the final PEM. Thermal imidization was carried out in a vacuum oven via stepwise heating: 40 °C for 6 h, 100 °C for 2 h, 200 °C for 2 h, and 270 °C for 2 h, with a controlled heating rate of 1.5 °C/min. After it was cooled to room temperature, the fully imidized film was peeled from the glass substrate and stored in a desiccator for subsequent characterization."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:51b9619917bcc37e178e4fc1", "origin_case_id": "PMC12511967:body:p20", "origin_content_sha256": "51b9619917bcc37e178e4fc1bf33185db52ab87edd069113f2f89b2d873f3536", "source_text_sha256": "51b9619917bcc37e178e4fc1bf33185db52ab87edd069113f2f89b2d873f3536", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00066", "title": "Alicyclic Design of Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes with a Tricyclodecane Diamine for Improved Ion Crossover Blocking in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p20", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Chemical Structure Characterizations of the SPIs Studied"], "source_text": "To verify the chemical structure of the synthesized polymers, 1H NMR spectroscopy was investigated, as shown in Figure . By comparing the integral ratios of main-chain protons to those of the alicyclic diamines, the conversion efficiency of these diamine units was semiquantitatively evaluated. The actual contents of TCDDA in samples T5 and T10 were 4.67 and 8.67 mol %, respectively. In contrast, the NBDA contents in N5 and N10 were 3.01 and 6.58 mol %, respectively, primarily due to the presence of structural isomers in the NBDA monomer. These isomers introduce significant steric hindrance during polymerization, limiting the accessibility and reactivity of the functional groups involved. To evaluate the molecular weight characteristics, the SEC results are shown in Figure S1a. The molecular weights showed that the resulting polymers had M n ranging from 29,800 to 44,700. The ηinh measurements fell within the range of 0.43–0.65 dL/g, supporting the conclusion that the synthesized polymers possessed sufficient molecular weight and chain entanglement for good film-forming capability. Both the TCDDA and NBDA series employed acetic acid during synthesis to neutralize ammonium salt byproducts and minimize their interference with the polymerization process. Nevertheless, even under identical conditions, NBDA-based polymers exhibited lower molecular weights. This difference is attributed to the molecular structure of NBDA, which contains structural isomers that result in an uneven distribution of reactive sites and increased steric hindrance. These factors not only reduce the overall reactivity but also lead to nonstoichiometric polymerization, ultimately limiting chain growth and the development of final molecular weight. Next, the degree of imidization and structural integrity of the resulting polymers were further confirmed by FTIR analysis, as shown in Figure S1b. All samples exhibited characteristic imide absorptions at 1770 and 1710 cm–1, corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of the imide carbonyl groups. A strong absorption at 1376 cm–1 was also observed, representing the C–N stretching vibration within the imide ring. These spectral features confirm the successful conversion of PAA to PI structures and formation of the SPI backbone. Overall, the results from NMR, GPC, and FTIR analyses verify the structural fidelity and successful synthesis of the materials, offering a reliable basis for subsequent property evaluations and practical applications."}}, {"evidence_id": "provided:a71d94c8ebbec333cdbf7df7", "origin_case_id": "PMC12511967:body:p21", "origin_content_sha256": "a71d94c8ebbec333cdbf7df7b62e85d282c8e7376171422bc91287302c0dc291", "source_text_sha256": "a71d94c8ebbec333cdbf7df7b62e85d282c8e7376171422bc91287302c0dc291", "quality": "C", "quality_basis": "本轮下载并核对DOI的原始论文正文；来源存在不等于科学结论通过审核", "scientific_entailment_reviewed": false, "source": {"doi": "10.1021/acspolymersau.5c00066", "title": "Alicyclic Design of Sulfonated Polyimide Membranes with a Tricyclodecane Diamine for Improved Ion Crossover Blocking in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries.", "article_type": "research-article", "locator": "body:p21", "section": ["Results and Discussion", "Thermal and Mechanical Properties of the SPIs Studied"], "source_text": "After the structures of PAA and SPI were confirmed, the thermal stability of the synthesized SPI films was evaluated by TGA, with the results shown in Figure a. All samples exhibited excellent thermal stability with T d 5% ranging from 328 to 351 °C. A distinct two-step thermal decomposition behavior was observed. The first stage of weight loss occurred between 300 and 500 °C, which is attributed to the decomposition of sulfonic acid groups (−SO3H). In this stage, samples containing alicyclic diamines exhibited a more pronounced weight loss, particularly the N10 film. This is likely due to the high content of NBDA, which may induce local structural irregularities or phase separation, thereby compromising the thermal stability. The second stage of decomposition began at 500 °C and was extended up to 650 °C, corresponding to the thermal degradation of the SPI backbone. This is consistent with the reported degradation temperatures of conventional aromatic PI chains in the literature. Notably, the T10 film showed the slowest mass loss throughout the entire temperature range, indicating superior thermal stability. This performance is attributed to the high rigidity and steric hindrance introduced by TCDDA, which restricts segmental mobility and enhances thermal resistance. Overall, the incorporation of a moderate amount of alicyclic diamineparticularly TCDDAcan effectively enhance the thermal durability and structural integrity of SPI films."}}], "verified_structures": [], "labels_or_previous_model_answers_in_task": false, "model_generation_before_freeze": false, "physical_experiment_completed": false, "source_xml_sha256": "828e3272cfbf7d08721748332891d2683de1f7a97b5044f25c57b7291588660b", "source_url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC12511967/fullTextXML"}