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A database of political history and
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Politicians buried here: Samuel Steel Blair (1821-1890) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Indiana, Indiana County, Pa., December 5, 1821. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1856 (member, Credentials Committee); U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 18th District, 1859-63. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., December 8, 1890 (age 69 years, 3 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
Samuel Calvin (1811-1890) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Washingtonville, Montour County, Pa., July 30, 1811. Whig. Lawyer; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 17th District, 1849-51; delegate to Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1873. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 12, 1890 (age 78 years, 225 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Married to Rebecca Blodget. See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
Jesse Lee Hartman (1853-1930) — also known as Jesse L. Hartman — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Cottage, Huntingdon County, Pa., June 18, 1853. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1900 (alternate), 1904 (alternate), 1908, 1924, 1928; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 19th District, 1911-13. Died February 17, 1930 (age 76 years, 244 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
Thomas Jackson Baldrige (1872-1964) — also known as Thomas J. Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., April 5, 1872. Republican. Lawyer; common pleas court judge in Pennsylvania, 1910-21; Pennsylvania state attorney general, 1927-29; superior court judge in Pennsylvania, 1929-43. Baptist. Member, American Bar Association; Union League. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., January 27, 1964 (age 91 years, 297 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Laura (Mattern) Baldrige and Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1842-1895); brother of Howard Hammond Baldrige; married, April 18, 1917, to Anna Dean; nephew of Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige; uncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); grandson of Joseph Baldrige; granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); first cousin of William Lovell Baldrige; second cousin once removed of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin once removed of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
John A. Lemon (1827-1895) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in 1827. Republican. Member of Pennsylvania state senate, 1873-80, 1889-95 (21st District 1873-74, 35th District 1875-80, 1889-95); died in office 1895; Pennsylvania state auditor general, 1881-84. Died September 16, 1895 (age about 68 years). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Plymouth Warren Snyder (1851-1943) — also known as Plymouth W. Snyder — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 1, 1851. Republican. Druggist; member of Pennsylvania state house of representatives from Blair County 2nd District, 1911-14; member of Pennsylvania state senate 30th District, 1915-26. German ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Royal Arch Masons; Knights Templar; Royal and Select Masters. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., December 19, 1943 (age 92 years, 293 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Jacob Snyder and Sarah C. (Bowers) Snyder; married to Cora Eleanor Moore. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Harry Jacob Anslinger (1892-1975) — also known as Harry J. Anslinger — of Altoona, Blair County, Pa.; Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Altoona, Blair County, Pa., May 20, 1892. Employed with Pennsylvania Railroad until 1916; Pennsylvania state fire marshal, 1916-17; Foreign Service officer; U.S. Vice Consul in Hamburg, 1921-23; La Guaira, 1923-25; U.S. Consul in Nassau, 1925-26; Assistant U.S. Commissioner of Prohibition, 1929-30; U.S. Commissioner of Narcotics, 1930-62. Member, Sigma Nu Phi. Died November 14, 1975 (age 83 years, 178 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Rosa Christina (Fladt) Anslinger and Robert John Anslinger; married to Martha (Denniston) Leet. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige (1848-1913) — also known as Edwin R. Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., June 10, 1848. Republican. Superintendent of blast furnaces (for making steel); later in business to provide ganister stone for lining blast furnaces; postmaster at Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1901-05. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 8, 1913 (age 64 years, 271 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Joseph Baldrige and Sophia (Frampton) Baldrige; married to Emma Virginia Lovell; father of William Lovell Baldrige; uncle of Howard Hammond Baldrige and Thomas Jackson Baldrige; granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); great-granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); second cousin of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Aristide Rodrigue Traugh (1848-1931) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Pennsylvania, January 30, 1848. Democrat. Printer; newspaper publisher; postmaster at Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1913-22. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., August 21, 1931 (age 83 years, 203 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Orlando Abraham Traugh and Sarah Dean (Cannon) Traugh; married, June 8, 1898, to Christina C. Bender. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
William Lovell Baldrige (1869-1947) — also known as W. Lovell Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Bennington, Blair County, Pa., May 28, 1869. Republican. Manager of a limestone quarry; delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1912. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., January 3, 1947 (age 77 years, 220 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige and Emma Virginia (Lovell) Baldrige; married to Ione Condron; grandson of Joseph Baldrige; first cousin of Howard Hammond Baldrige and Thomas Jackson Baldrige; first cousin once removed of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); first cousin twice removed of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); second cousin once removed of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin once removed of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
|
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LKC2-W89/charles-barrick-hicks-1878-1963
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https://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/hicks.html
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The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Hicks
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[
"Lawrence Kestenbaum"
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A database of political history and
cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919
U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present.
| null |
HICKS: See also William Reynolds Allen — Solomon Hicks Bethea — Sandra Hicks Bryan — Levin Hicks Campbell — Edward K. Corwin — Charles Miller Croswell — T. Hicks Fort — Hicks George Griffiths — Moses Hicks Grinnell — John Sharpenstein Hager — Maude Hicks Hickman — Joseph Preston Hotchkis — Cortez Hicks Jennings — George F. Kugler Jr. — Joseph Simon Lord III — John Little McClellan — John B. Nash — George Hicks Newell — Benjamin W. Waite — Benjamin W. Waite Jr. — Hicks B. Waldron Hicks, A. A. — of Granville County, N.C. Member of North Carolina state senate, 1899-1900, 1903-04, 1907-08, 1911-12 (17th District 1899-1900, 18th District 1903-04, 1907-08, 1911-12). Burial location unknown. Hicks, Albert B. — of Canterbury, Windham County, Conn. Republican. Candidate for Connecticut state house of representatives from Canterbury, 1902. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Albert M. — Democrat. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Pennsylvania. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Arch R. See Archie Ray Hicks Jr. Hicks, Archie Ray, Jr. (1915-1974) — also known as Arch R. Hicks, Jr. — of Ripley, Brown County, Ohio. Born in Levanna, Brown County, Ohio, October 13, 1915. Republican. Lawyer; mayor of Ripley, Ohio; Brown County Prosecuting Attorney, 1941-49; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Ohio, 1948, 1952, 1960. Church of Christ. Member, Kiwanis; Jaycees. Died in 1974 (age about 58 years). Interment at Maplewood Cemetery, Ripley, Ohio.
See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Hicks, August — of Minnesota. Democrat. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Minnesota. Burial location unknown. Hicks, B. H. — of Reno, Washoe County, Nev. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Nevada, 1952. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Benjamin — of Rensselaer County, N.Y.; Otsego County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly, 1792-95, 1800-01 (Rensselaer County 1792-95, Otsego County 1800-01). Burial location unknown. Hicks, Benjamin Ellis — also known as Benjamin E. Hicks — of Marshallton, New Castle County, Del. Republican. Member of Delaware state house of representatives from New Castle County 8th District, 1943-46, 1953-56; candidate for Delaware state senate from New Castle County 4th District, 1948. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Bob — of Tippecanoe County, Ind. Republican. Chair of Tippecanoe County Republican Party, 2011. Still living as of 2011. Hicks, Brian Franklin — also known as Brian F. Hicks — of Charleston, Kanawha County, W.Va. Republican. Candidate for West Virginia state house of delegates 30th District, 2010. Still living as of 2010. Hicks, Byron — of Rockwood, Roane County, Tenn. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Tennessee, 1940 (alternate), 1948, 1952. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Byron P. (b. 1873) — of Durand, Shiawassee County, Mich.; Owosso, Shiawassee County, Mich. Born in Tyrone Township, Livingston County, Mich., November 27, 1873. Republican. Lawyer; Shiawassee County Prosecuting Attorney; member of Michigan state senate 14th District, 1919-21. English ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Order of the Eastern Star; Odd Fellows. Burial location unknown. Hicks, C. F. — of Bowling Green, Caroline County, Va. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Virginia, 1912. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Carl T. — of Walstonburg, Greene County, N.C. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from North Carolina, 1956. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Charles Dillon — also known as Charles D. Hicks — of Nowata, Nowata County, Okla. Republican. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Oklahoma; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Oklahoma, 1960. Still living as of 1960. Hicks, Mrs. Charles L. — of Alma, Gratiot County, Mich. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1944. Female. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Charles L. — of Alma, Gratiot County, Mich. Republican. Member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1947. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Clayton — Republican. Member of Wisconsin state senate 12th District; elected 1948. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, D. T. — of Waco, McLennan County, Tex. Mayor of Waco, Tex., 1941. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, D. T., Jr. — of Waco, McLennan County, Tex. Mayor of Waco, Tex., 1956-57. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, D. W. — of Bandera, Bandera County, Tex. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Texas, 1964. Still living as of 1964. Hicks, Darryl — Democrat. Candidate for Georgia commissioner of labor, 2010. Still living as of 2010. Hicks, David — of Charlotte, Eaton County, Mich. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1968. Still living as of 1968. Hicks, David V. — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from New York 24th District, 1976. Still living as of 1976. Hicks, Day See M. Day Hicks Hicks, Dennis V. — of Bay City, Bay County, Mich. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1984. Still living as of 1984. Hicks, Deno A. — of Jacksonville, Duval County, Fla. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Florida, 2008. Still living as of 2008. Hicks, Douglas M. — of Middlesex County, N.J. Member of New Jersey state house of assembly from Middlesex County, 1925-26. Burial location unknown. Hicks, E. C. — of Bisbee, Cochise County, Ariz. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Arizona, 1920. Burial location unknown. Hicks, E. J. — Candidate for U.S. Representative from Texas 8th District, 1934. Burial location unknown. Hicks, E. L. — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Texas 19th District, 1982. Still living as of 1982. Hicks, Earl R., Jr. — of Park Hills, Kenton County, Ky. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Kentucky, 1956. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Edward — of Green Bay, Brown County, Wis. Postmaster at Green Bay, Wis., 1847-49, 1853-61, 1866-67. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Edward B. — of Winona, Winona County, Minn. Republican. Postmaster at Winona, Minn., 1922-35. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Edward W. — of Middlesex County, N.J. Member of New Jersey state house of assembly from Middlesex County, 1895-96. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Edwin — of Canandaigua, Ontario County, N.Y. Member of New York state senate 26th District, 1878-79. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Elias — of Queens County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Queens County, 1839. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Elmer L. — Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from Ohio 4th District, 1988. Still living as of 1988. Hicks, Emmett R. — of Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wis. Republican. Wisconsin state attorney general, 1899-1903. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Evelyn — of Asheville, Buncombe County, N.C. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from North Carolina, 1964. Female. Still living as of 1964. Hicks, Everdell A. — of Campbell County, Va. Member of Virginia state house of delegates from Campbell County, 1920-27. Burial location unknown. Hicks, F. P. — of Lowell, Kent County, Mich. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1904. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Floyd Verne (1915-1992) — of Tacoma, Pierce County, Wash. Born in Prosser, Benton County, Wash., May 29, 1915. Democrat. Superior court judge in Washington, 1961-64; U.S. Representative from Washington 6th District, 1965-77. Died December 1, 1992 (age 77 years, 186 days). Burial location unknown.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
Hicks, Francis See P. Francis Hicks Hicks, Francis W. — Candidate for Presidential Elector for Pennsylvania. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Frank P. — of Spokane, Spokane County, Wash. Republican. Postmaster at Spokane, Wash., 1930. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Fred — of Wayne County, Mich. Democrat. Candidate for Michigan state senate 21st District, 1942. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Fred — of North Carolina. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from North Carolina, 2000. Still living as of 2000. Hicks, Fred — of Columbia, Boone County, Mo. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Missouri, 2004. Still living as of 2004. Hicks, Fred B. — of Ardmore, Carter County, Okla. Mayor of Ardmore, Okla., 1952-53. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Fred W. — of Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich. Candidate for mayor of Grand Rapids, Mich., 1938. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Frederick Cocks (1872-1925) — also known as Frederick C. Hicks; Frederick Hicks Cocks — of Port Washington, Nassau County, Long Island, N.Y. Born in Westbury, Queens County (now Nassau County), Long Island, N.Y., March 6, 1872. Republican. U.S. Representative from New York 1st District, 1915-23; defeated, 1912. Quaker. Member, Phi Kappa Psi. Died in Washington, D.C., December 14, 1925 (age 53 years, 283 days). Interment at Quaker Cemetery, Westbury, Long Island, N.Y.
Relatives: Brother of Caroline R. Hicks (who married William Willets Cocks). See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
Hicks, George — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y. Communist. Candidate for New York state assembly from New York County 22nd District, 1935. Burial location unknown. Hicks, George J. — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 8th District, 1930. Burial location unknown. Hicks, George P., Jr. — of Casper, Natrona County, Wyo. Democrat. Postmaster at Casper, Wyo., 1945-68 (acting, 1945-47). Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, George W. — of Abington, Pomfret, Windham County, Conn. Postmaster at Abington, Conn., 1892-95. Burial location unknown. Hicks, George W. B. — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa. Member of Pennsylvania state house of representatives from Philadelphia County, 1895-96. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Gilbert — of Flatbush (now part of Brooklyn), Kings County, N.Y. Postmaster at Flatbush, N.Y., 1881. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Girth N. — of Danville, Vermilion County, Ill. Mayor of Danville, Ill., 1958. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Graham — Republican. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Mississippi. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, H. D. — of Willow Springs, Howell County, Mo. Democrat. Chair of Howell County Democratic Party, 1967. Still living as of 1967. Hicks, H. L. — Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Oklahoma, 1912. Burial location unknown. Hicks, H. Ward — of Ste. Genevieve, Ste. Genevieve County, Mo. Democrat. Candidate for Missouri state house of representatives from Ste. Genevieve County, 1946. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Henry F. (born c.1897) — of Ypsilanti Township, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born about 1897. Republican. Engineer; farmer; supervisor of Ypsilanti Township, Michigan, 1949-57; defeated, 1949, 1957. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Henry George — also known as Henry G. Hicks — of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn. Republican. Member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1878-84, 1897-98, 1907-08 (District 26 1878-82, District 29 1883-84, District 32 1897-98, District 41 1907-08); alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1900. Burial location unknown.
See also Minnesota Legislator record
Hicks, I. N. — of Christian County, Mo. Democrat. Candidate for Missouri state house of representatives from Christian County, 1922, 1924, 1926. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Ira Clay — of Putnam County, W.Va. Member of West Virginia state senate 5th District, 1905-08. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Ira E. — of New Canaan, Fairfield County, Conn. Republican. Member of Connecticut state house of representatives from New Canaan; elected 1946, 1948. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Irl — Prohibition candidate for U.S. Representative from Missouri 10th District, 1894. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Irvin (b. 1938) — of Maryland. Born in 1938. Foreign Service officer; U.S. Ambassador to Seychelles, 1985-87; Ethiopia, 1994. Still living as of 1994.
See also U.S. State Dept career summary
Hicks, J. B. — of Russell County, Ala. Delegate to Alabama convention to ratify 21st amendment from Russell County, 1933. Burial location unknown. Hicks, J. D. — of Canton, Lincoln County, S.Dak. Member of South Dakota state house of representatives 5th District, 1911-12; member of South Dakota state senate 5th District, 1913-14, 1927-30. Burial location unknown. Hicks, J. F. — of Henderson, Vance County, N.C. Republican. Alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from North Carolina, 1920. Burial location unknown. Hicks, J. M. — Democrat. Alternate delegate to Gold Democrat National Convention from Tennessee, 1896. Burial location unknown. Hicks, J. Nelson — of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, W.Va. Democrat. Chair of Berkeley County Democratic Party, 1940-62. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Jacob — of Queens County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Queens County, 1792-93. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Jacob L. — of Highland Falls, Orange County, N.Y. Democrat. Postmaster at Highland Falls, N.Y., 1915-19; delegate to Democratic National Convention from New York, 1936; chair of Orange County Democratic Party, 1936. Burial location unknown. Hicks, James L. — of Monticello, Piatt County, Ill. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Illinois, 1916. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Joe — Republican. Candidate for Texas state house of representatives 101st District, 1998. Still living as of 1998. Hicks, Joel D. — of Corsicana, Navarro County, Tex. Postmaster at Corsicana, Tex., 1853-54. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Joel W. — of Weatherford, Parker County, Tex. Mayor of Weatherford, Tex., 1910-12. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John — of Kings County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Kings County, 1802-08. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John — of New Bedford, Bristol County, Mass. Member of Massachusetts state house of representatives from New Bedford; elected 1855. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John (1847-1917) — of Wisconsin. Born in 1847. U.S. Minister to Peru, 1889-93; Chile, 1905-09. Died in 1917 (age about 70 years). Burial location unknown.
See also U.S. State Dept career summary
Hicks, John — of Oakland County, Mich. Candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 6th Circuit, 1947. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John A. — of California. Democrat. Member of California state assembly 11th District, 1877-80; delegate to Democratic National Convention from California, 1904 (member, Committee on Permanent Organization). Burial location unknown. Hicks, John D. — of Queens County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Queens County, 1820-21, 1823. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John F. (b. 1949) — of North Carolina. Born in 1949. Foreign Service officer; U.S. Ambassador to Eritrea, 1996-97. Still living as of 1997.
See also U.S. State Dept career summary
Hicks, John F. — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 6th District, 1990. Still living as of 1990. Hicks, John H. — Democrat. Candidate for Justice of New York Supreme Court 7th District, 1928. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John T. — Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Arkansas, 1908. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John Thomas, Sr. (1925-2000) — also known as John T. Hicks — of Tennessee. Born in Davidson County, Tenn., August 5, 1925. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; member of Tennessee state house of representatives 60th District, 1967-77; member of Tennessee state senate 20th District, 1977-93. Methodist. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Lions; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars. Died, of a heart attack, in Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn., March 19, 2000 (age 74 years, 227 days). Interment at Hermitage Memorial Gardens, Nashville, Tenn. Hicks, John W. L. — of Wayne County, Mich.; Oakland County, Mich. Democrat. Candidate for circuit judge in Michigan, 1935 (Democratic primary, 3rd Circuit), 1947 (6th Circuit); candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 17th District, 1944, 1946. Burial location unknown. Hicks, John Y. — of Macon County, N.C. Member of North Carolina house of commons from Macon County, 1846-49. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Jon Michael — of Georgia. Republican. Candidate for U.S. Senator from Georgia, 1984. Still living as of 1984. Hicks, Joseph T. — of Atlantic County, N.J. People's candidate for New Jersey state house of assembly 2nd District, 2003. Still living as of 2003. Hicks, Josiah Duane (1844-1923) — also known as Josiah D. Hicks — of Altoona, Blair County, Pa. Born in Machen, Monmouthshire, Wales, August 1, 1844. Republican. Served in the Union Army during the Civil War; railroad clerk; lawyer; Blair County District Attorney, 1880-86; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 20th District, 1893-99. Member, Grand Army of the Republic. Died in Altoona, Blair County, Pa., May 9, 1923 (age 78 years, 281 days). Interment at Fairview Cemetery, Altoona, Pa.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page Image source: Autobiographies and Portraits of the President, Cabinet, etc. (1899)
Hicks, Julia Ann — also known as Julia A. Hicks — of Westminster, Adams County, Colo.; Arvada, Jefferson County, Colo. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Colorado, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008; member of Democratic National Committee from Colorado, 2004. Female. Still living as of 2008. Hicks, Kathleen — Democrat. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Texas 33rd District, 2012. Female. Still living as of 2012. Hicks, Knowlton V. — of New York. U.S. Vice Consul in Hamburg, as of 1926-31; Gothenberg, as of 1932; U.S. Consul in Vancouver, as of 1938; Halifax, as of 1940; Adelaide, 1945-46. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Kyle — Republican. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Utah. Still living as of 2012. Hicks, L. D. — Member of Missouri state senate 15th District, 1905-06. Burial location unknown. Hicks, L. E. — of Virginia. Progressive. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Virginia. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Lawrence L. — of Ceresco, Calhoun County, Mich. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1976. Still living as of 1976. Hicks, Les — of Dallas, Dallas County, Tex. Candidate for mayor of Dallas, Tex., 1976. Still living as of 1976.
See also OurCampaigns candidate detail
Hicks, Lewis D. — of Autaugaville, Autauga County, Ala. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Alabama, 1908 (alternate), 1912. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Louis — of Milwaukee County, Wis. Republican. Candidate for Wisconsin state assembly, 1948 (Milwaukee County 3rd District), 1950 (Milwaukee County 3rd District), 1954 (Milwaukee County 21st District). Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Louis L. — of Clayton, St. Louis County, Mo. Republican. Candidate for Missouri state treasurer, 1944. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Louise Day (1916-2003) — also known as Ann Louise Day — of South Boston, Boston, Suffolk County, Mass. Born in South Boston, Boston, Suffolk County, Mass., October 16, 1916. Democrat. Lawyer; candidate for Massachusetts state treasurer, 1964; candidate for mayor of Boston, Mass., 1967, 1971; U.S. Representative from Massachusetts 9th District, 1971-73; defeated, 1972. Female. Catholic. Irish ancestry. Member, National Organization for Women. Died in South Boston, Boston, Suffolk County, Mass., October 21, 2003 (age 87 years, 5 days). Interment at St. Joseph's Cemetery, West Roxbury, Boston, Mass.
Relatives: Daughter of William Hicks and Anna (McCarron) Hicks; married 1942 to John Hicks. Campaign slogan (1961): "The only mother on the ballot." Campaign slogan (1967): "You know where I stand." See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — OurCampaigns candidate detail Image source: Boston Public Library
Hicks, Lucile P. — of Wayland, Middlesex County, Mass. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Massachusetts, 1988. Female. Still living as of 1988. Hicks, Lyn Harris — of San Clemente, Orange County, Calif. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from California, 2004. Still living as of 2004. Hicks, Lynn — of Alabaster, Shelby County, Ala. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Alabama, 2004. Still living as of 2004. Hicks, M. Day — of Monroe County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Monroe County 1st District, 1850. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Marshall (b. 1865) — of San Antonio, Bexar County, Tex. Born in Rusk, Cherokee County, Tex., August 26, 1865. Democrat. Lawyer; District Attorney, 49th Judicial District, 1891-95; member of Texas Democratic State Executive Committee, 1892-94; mayor of San Antonio, Tex., 1899-1903; member of Texas state senate 24th District, 1903-06; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Texas, 1912 (member, Committee to Notify Vice-Presidential Nominee), 1920, 1924; candidate for Presidential Elector for Texas. Presbyterian. Member, Pi Kappa Alpha. Burial location unknown.
Relatives: Son of Francis Marion Hicks and Anne Ellen (McDougald) Hicks; married, December 30, 1891, to Lauraine Sedgwick Cooke.
Hicks, Marshall — of Jackson, Jackson County, Mich. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1972. Still living as of 1972. Hicks, Mary S. — of Martinsburg, Berkeley County, W.Va. Democrat. Member of West Virginia Democratic State Executive Committee, 1949. Female. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Maxine S. — of Lockbourne, Franklin County, Ohio. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Ohio, 1996, 2000. Female. Still living as of 2000. Hicks, Nelson See J. Nelson Hicks Hicks, Orren V. — of Cass County, Mich. Democrat. Candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Cass County, 1914; candidate for Michigan state senate 7th District, 1916. Burial location unknown. Hicks, P. Francis — of Winsted, Litchfield County, Conn. Mayor of Winsted, Conn., 1949-57; first selectman of Winchester, Connecticut, 1950-57. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Paul E. — of Logan County, W.Va. Democrat. Member of West Virginia state house of delegates from Logan County; elected 1968. Still living as of 1968. Hicks, Paul S. — Candidate for Presidential Elector for Alabama. Still living as of 2012. Hicks, R. H. — Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Texas, 1904. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Mrs. Ray — of Waco, McLennan County, Tex. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Texas, 1964. Female. Still living as of 1964. Hicks, Ray W. — of Berrien County, Mich. Democrat. Candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Berrien County 2nd District, 1940. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Richard S. — of Stafford Springs, Stafford, Tolland County, Conn. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Connecticut, 1876 (member, Credentials Committee). Burial location unknown. Hicks, Richard W. — of Colebrook, Coos County, N.H. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from New Hampshire, 1960. Still living as of 1960. Hicks, Robert L. — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Wisconsin 5th District, 1976. Still living as of 1976. Hicks, Ron — Republican. Member of Missouri state house of representatives 107th District; elected 2012. Still living as of 2012. Hicks, Roy P. — of Schuylkill County, Pa. Common pleas court judge in Pennsylvania 21st District, 1927-29. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Sumner — of Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Mich. Supervisor of Ann Arbor Township, Michigan, 1850-51. Burial location unknown. Hicks, T. C. — of Minneapolis, Avery County, N.C. Republican. Member of North Carolina state house of representatives from Avery County, 1921-22. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Terry Lee — Republican. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Texas 12th District, 1992. Still living as of 1992. Hicks, Thelma Ervine — of Webster Springs, Webster County, W.Va. Democrat. Member of West Virginia Democratic State Executive Committee, 1961. Female. Still living as of 1961. Hicks, Thomas Holliday (1798-1865) — also known as Thomas H. Hicks — of Cambridge, Dorchester County, Md. Born near East New Market, Dorchester County, Md., September 2, 1798. Republican. Member of Maryland state house of delegates, 1829-30, 1836; delegate to Maryland state constitutional convention, 1850; Governor of Maryland, 1858-62; U.S. Senator from Maryland, 1862-65; died in office 1865. Methodist. Slaveowner. Died in Washington, D.C., February 14, 1865 (age 66 years, 165 days). Interment at Cambridge Cemetery, Cambridge, Md.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — National Governors Association biography
Hicks, Thomas L. — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa. Republican. Postmaster at Philadelphia, Pa., 1897-1901. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Thomas T. — of Henderson, Vance County, N.C. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from North Carolina, 1904. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Timothy G. — of Muskegon County, Mich. Circuit judge in Michigan 14th Circuit, 2001. Still living as of 2001. Hicks, Truman B. — of Warren County, N.Y. Member of New York state assembly from Warren County, 1828, 1835. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Victor L. — of Michigan. Democrat. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 13th District, 1946. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, W. A. — of Sacramento, Sacramento County, Calif. Mayor of Sacramento, Calif., 1954. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown. Hicks, W. W. — of Arcadia, DeSoto County, Fla. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Florida, 1880. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Ward See H. Ward Hicks Hicks, Wheaton — of Tyrone Township, Livingston County, Mich. Supervisor of Tyrone Township, Michigan, 1916. Burial location unknown. Hicks, Whitehead (1728-1780) — of New York, New York County, N.Y. Born in Flushing (now part of Queens), Queens County, N.Y., August 24, 1728. Lawyer; mayor of New York City, N.Y., 1766-76. Died in Flushing (now part of Queens), Queens County, N.Y., October 4, 1780 (age 52 years, 41 days). Burial location unknown.
Relatives: Son of Thomas Hicks; married to Charlotte Brevoort. See also Wikipedia article
Hicks, William (b. 1837) — of Sunderland, Bennington County, Vt. Born in Manchester, Bennington County, Vt., December 23, 1837. Republican. Engineer; member of Vermont state house of representatives from Sunderland, 1888. Baptist. Burial location unknown. Hicks, William (b. 1871) — of Kansas City, Jackson County, Mo. Born in Lee's Summit, Jackson County, Mo., September 23, 1871. Democrat. Truck dealer; real estate business; member of Missouri state house of representatives, 1909-22, 1925-34 (Jackson County 3rd District 1909-22, Jackson County 5th District 1925-34). Burial location unknown. Hicks, William — of Carpentersville, Kane County, Ill. Democrat. Alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Illinois, 2004. Still living as of 2004. Hicks, William E. — Member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 3, 1869. Burial location unknown.
See also Minnesota Legislator record
Hicks, William H. — of Paterson, Passaic County, N.J. Democrat. Member of New Jersey state house of assembly, 1972-75 (District 14-B 1972-73, 35th District 1974-75); defeated, 1975. Still living as of 1975. Hicks, William Watkins — of Maama, Dade County (now Miami, Miami-Dade County), Fla. Republican. Postmaster at Maama, Fla., 1874-76. Burial location unknown.
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Josiah Duane Hicks, b.1844 d.1923
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[] |
[
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Josiah Duane Hicks born 1844 in Machen, Monmouthshire, Wales genealogy record - Ancestry®.
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en
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https://www.ancestrycdn.com/astro-seolopp/assets/favicon-8bf6a704.ico
|
https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/results?firstName=josiah&lastName=hicks
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Public Member Trees
This database contains family trees submitted to Ancestry by users who have indicated that their tree can be viewed by all Ancestry subscribers.These trees can change over time as users edit, remove, or otherwise modify the data in their trees. You can contact the owner of the tree to get more information.
Private Member Trees
This database contains family trees submitted to Ancestry by users who have indicated that their tree can only be viewed by Ancestry members to whom they have granted permission to see their tree.These trees can change over time as users edit, remove, or otherwise modify the data in their trees. If you would like to view one of these trees in its entirety, you can contact the owner of the tree to request permission to see the tree.
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https://www.hastingsreminder.com/archives
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Hastings Reminder
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Read about past stories and search through our records of obituaries.
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https://www.hastingsreminder.com/archives
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Joint Mathematics Meetings
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[
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The largest mathematics meeting in the world where a record breaking number of attendees are expected every year! The American Mathematical Society (AMS) invites you to join it for the Joint Mathematics Meetings (JMM).
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en
|
Joint Mathematics Meetings
| null |
AMS National Meetings · AMS Sectional Meetings · meet@ams.org
JMM, the JMM logo, and JOINT MATHEMATICS MEETINGS are all trademarks of the American Mathematical Society, registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
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https://en.geneanet.org/fonds/bibliotheque/%3Fgo%3D1%26lang%3Den%26nom%3Dhicks%26page%3D13%26size%3D40
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Unusual traffic
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[
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Geneanet, The Free Collaborative Genealogy Database! Build Your Family Tree, Share Your Family History and Improve Your Genealogy Research.
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https://geneacdn.net/favicon.ico
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Geneanet
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https://en.geneanet.org/bots/firewall?cause=suspicious_ip
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_(given_name)
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Josiah (given name)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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2010-12-16T17:19:24+00:00
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josiah_(given_name)
|
Not to be confused with Joseph, Joshua (name), or Josh.
JosiahGenderMaleOriginWord/nameHebrewMeaning"God has Healed"
Josiah ([1]) is a given name derived from the Hebrew Yoshi-yahu (Hebrew: יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ, Modern: Yošiyyáhu, Tiberian: Yôšiyyāhû, "Yahweh has healed".[2]
Josiah was a King of Judah in the Bible. The Latin form Josias was used in some early English translations of the Bible.
Josiah was among the five most popular names given to boys born to Black mothers in the United States state of Virginia in 2023.[3]
Notable people with the given name
[edit]
A
[edit]
Josiah Abavu (born 1987), Papua New Guinean rugby league footballer
Josiah Gardner Abbott (1814–1891), American politician
Josiah Alexander (1826–1882), English cricketer
Josiah M. Anderson (1807–1861), American politician
Josiah Haynes Armstrong (1842–1898), American bishop
Josiah D. Arnold (1820–1903), American businessman and politician
B
[edit]
Josiah Howell Bagster (1847–1893), Australian politician
Josiah Bailey (1873–1946), American politician
Josiah Barber (1771–1842), American politician
Josiah Bartlett (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Beckwith (1734–1800), English antiquary
Josiah H. Beeman V (1935–2006), American political figure
Josiah Begole (1815–1896), American politician
Josiah Belden (1815–1892), American pioneer
Josiah Fisher Bell (1820–1890), American soldier
Josiah Binnema (born 1997), Canadian swimmer
Josiah Blackburn (1823–1890), English journalist
Josiah Bleakley (1754–1822), Canadian fur trader
Josiah Ofori Boateng (born 1931), Ghanaian judge
Josiah H. Bonney (1817–1887), American businessman and politician
Josiah Booth (1852–1929), English composer
Josiah Boothby (1837–1916), English colonial administrator
Josiah Boydell (1752–1817), British publisher
Josiah Brewer (1796–1872), American minister
Josiah Sandford Brigham (1818–1892), American-Canadian physician and politician
Josiah Bronson (born 1997), American football player
Josiah Brown (1816–1875), American civil engineer
Josiah Bruce (1840–1913), Canadian photographer
Josiah Bunting III (born 1939), American educator
Josiah Burchett (1666–1746), British politician
Josiah Burgess (1689–1719), English pirate
Josiah Butler (1779–1854), American politician
Josiah Butterfield (1795–1871), American religious leader
C
[edit]
Josiah Abigail Patterson Campbell (1830–1917), American politician
Josiah Carter (1813–1868), American politician
Josiah Champagné (1755–1840), British military commander
Josiah Chapman (1891–1953), English footballer
Josiah Child (1630–1699), English merchant
Josiah Chinamano (1923–1984), Zimbabwean politician
Josiah Clark (1814–1878), American pianist
Josiah Latimer Clark (1822–1898), English engineer
Josiah Clerk (1639–1714), English physician
Josiah Chorley (1652–1719), English minister
Josiah Clowes (1735–1794), English civil engineer
Josiah Coatney (born 1996), American football player
Josiah Coffin (1804–1887), Canadian politician
Josiah D. Coleman (born 1972), American judge
Josiah Collins (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Henry Combs (1832–1894), American lawyer
Josiah Conder (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Parsons Cooke (1827–1894), American scientist
Josiah Cottin (1771–1843), English army officer
Josiah Cotton (1679/1680–1756), English missionary
Josiah Coulthurst (1893–1970), English cricketer
Josiah Court (1841–1938), English physician
Josiah Crosby (1880–1958), British diplomat
Josiah Crudup (1791–1872), American politician
Josiah Crump (1828–1890), American clerk
Josiah M. Curtis (1844–1875), American soldier
D
[edit]
Josiah Dean (1748–1818), American politician
Josiah Deguara (born 1997), American football player
Josiah Dent (1817–1899), American politician
Josiah Didier (born 1993), American ice hockey player
Josiah Diston (1667–1737), English banker
Josiah Eustace Dodd (1865–1952), Australian pipe organ builder
Josiah Dallas Dort (1861–1925), American industrialist
Josiah Hayden Drummond (1827–1902), American attorney
Josiah E. DuBois Jr. (1912–1983), American attorney
Josiah Dunham (1769–1844), American politician
Josiah Dwight (1671–1748), English minister
E
[edit]
Josiah Griffin Ely (1829–1886), American physician
Josiah Emery (1731/1732–1794), English watch maker
Josiah Evans (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah T. Everest (1800–1873), American politician
Josiah Ezirim (born 2001), American football player
F
[edit]
Josiah Failing (1806–1877), American politician
Josiah Firth (1826–1897), New Zealand farmer
Josiah Fisher, American judge
Josiah S. Fisher, American politician
Josiah Fisk (1781–1844), American politician
Josiah Flynt (1869–1907), American sociologist
Josiah Forshall (1795–1863), English librarian
Josiah Forster (1782–1870), English teacher
Josiah Fox (1763–1847), British naval architect
Josiah Francis (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Franklin (1657–1745), English businessman
Josiah Frederick Fraser (1870–1942), Canadian businessman
Josiah Freeman, American photographer
Josiah B. French (1799–1876), American banker
G
[edit]
Josiah Willard Gibbs (1839–1903), American physicist
Josiah Willard Gibbs Sr. (1790–1861), American theologian
Josiah Given (1828–1908), American judge
Josiah Gondo (??–1972), Zimbabwean politician
Josiah Gorgas (1818–1883), American general
Josiah Gregg (1806–1850), American merchant
Josiah Bushnell Grinnell (1821–1891), American politician
Josiah Grout (1841–1925), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Gumede (disambiguation), multiple people
H
[edit]
Josiah Hanan (1868–1954), New Zealand politician
Josiah D. Hank Jr. (1875–1924), American attorney and politician
Josiah Hardy (1715–1790), British colonial administrator
Josiah Harlan (1799–1871), American adventurer
Josiah Harmar (1753-1813), American army officer
Josiah A. Harris (1808–1876), American politician
Josiah Hasbrouck (1755–1821), American politician
Josiah Johnson Hawes (1808–1901), American photographer
Josiah J. Hazen (1871–1948), American football player
Josiah Marshall Heath (??–1581), English metallurgist
Josiah Henson (1789–1883), American author
Josiah Henson (wrestler) (1922–2012), American wrestler
Josiah Heyman (born 1958), American anthropologist
Josiah Duane Hicks (1844–1923), American politician
Josiah Ogden Hoffman (1766–1837), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Gilbert Holland (1819–1881), American novelist
Josiah Hooper (1807–1878), Canadian merchant
Josiah Hornblower (1729–1809), English engineer
Josiah Hort (1674–1751), English clergyman
Josiah Hort, 2nd Baronet (1791–1876), Irish politician
Josiah Andrew Hudleston (1799–1865), English-Irish civil servant
Josiah Charles Hughes (1843–1886), Canadian politician
I
[edit]
Josiah Idowu-Fearon (born 1949), Nigerian bishop
J
[edit]
Josiah Jamison (born 1982), American sprinter
Josiah Johnson (born 1939), Liberian footballer
Josiah S. Johnston (1784–1833), American politician
Josiah Judah (born 1978), American boxer
K
[edit]
Josiah Kantiyok (born 1968), Nigerian tribal leader
Josiah Mwangi Kariuki (1929–1975), Kenyan politician
Josiah Kelsall (1892–1974), English footballer
Josiah Kerr (1861–1920), American politician
Josiah Kibira, Tanzanian filmmaker
L
[edit]
Josiah Lamborn (1809–1847), American politician
Josiah Lau (born 1940), Hong Kong teacher
Josiah Leavitt (1744–1804), American physician
Josiah Leming (born 1989), American singer-songwriter
Josiah K. Lilly Jr. (1893–1966), American businessman
Josiah K. Lilly Sr. (1861–1948), American industrialist
Josiah Litch (1809–1886), American preacher
Josiah S. Little (1801–1862), American politician
Josiah O. Livingston (1837–1917), American army officer
Josiah Lincoln Lowe (1905–1997), American mycologist
M
[edit]
Josiah Macy Jr. (1837–1876), American sea captain
Josiah H. MacQuarrie (1897–1971), Canadian judge
Josiah Maduabuchi (born 1988), Nigerian footballer
Josiah Magnuson (born 1991), American politician
Josiah Majekodunmi (1927–1996), Nigerian athlete
Josiah Martin (1737–1786), English colonist
Josiah Martin (teacher) (1843–1916), New Zealand teacher
Josiah Marvel Jr. (1904–1955), American diplomat
Josiah Mason (1795–1881), English industrialist
Josiah Masters (1763–1822), American politician
Josiah McCracken (1874–1962), American football player
Josiah McElheny (born 1966), American artist
Josiah Meigs (1757–1822), American academic
Josiah Middaugh (born 1978), American triathlete
Josiah Miller (1832–1890), English minister
Josiah Mills (1862–1929), English cricketer
Josiah Lewis Morgan (1893–1982), Welsh pilot
N
[edit]
Josiah T. Newcomb (1868–1944), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Ng (born 1980), Malaysian cyclist
Josiah C. Nott (1804–1873), American surgeon
O
[edit]
Josiah Ober, American professor
Josiah Oldfield (1863–1953), English lawyer
Josiah Owen (1711?–1755), Welsh Presbyterian minister
Josiah Owen (1984- Present ), American Professional Bike Courier
P
[edit]
Josiah Pardo (1626–1684), Dutch rabbi
Josiah Parker (1751–1810), American politician
Josiah Parkes (1793–1791), English civil engineer
Josiah Lamberson Parrish (1806–1895), American missionary
Josiah Partridge (1805–1897), Australian lawyer
Josiah Patkotak (born 1994), American politician
Josiah Patterson (1837–1904), American soldier
Josiah Edward Paul (1853–??), English rugby union footballer
Josiah Williams Pearce (1850–1938), Canadian merchant
Josiah Pearson (1841–1895), Australian bishop
Josiah Pender (1819–1864), American soldier
Josiah Phillips (1830–1894), American soldier
Josiah Little Pickard (1824–1914), American academic administrator
Josiah Pierce (1792–1866), American politician
Josiah ben Joseph Pinto (1565–1648), Syrian rabbi
Josiah Pittman (1816–1886), British organist
Josiah Pleydell (1641–1707), English priest
Josiah Burr Plumb (1816–1888), American-Canadian businessman
Josiah Pratt (1768–1844), English clergyman
Josiah Preston (1885–??), English footballer
Josiah Johnston Preston (1855–1937), Canadian politician
Josiah Priest (1788–1861), American writer
Q
[edit]
Josiah Quincy (disambiguation), multiple people
R
[edit]
Josiah Ransome-Kuti (1855–1930), Nigerian clergyman
Josiah Rees (1744–1804), Welsh minister
Josiah Rees (judge) (1821–1899), Bermudian judge
Josiah Royce (1855–1916), American philosopher
Josiah Russell (1844–1911), English businessman
S
[edit]
Josiah Scott (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Seton (born 1979), Liberian footballer
Josiah T. Settle (1850–1915), American lawyer
Josiah Sherman, American politician
Josiah Sleeper (??–1946), American businessman
Josiah Smith (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Snelgrove (born 1986), Canadian soccer player
Josiah Snelling (1782–1828), American military officer
Josiah Sowande (1858–1936), Nigerian poet
Josiah Spaulding (1922–1983), American businessman
Josiah Spode (1733–1797), English potter
Josiah Edward Spurr (1870–1950), American geologist
Josiah Stamp (1880–1941), British civil servant
Josiah Standish (1633–1690), English colonist
Josiah Steinbrick (born 1981), American instrumentalist
Josiah St. John (born 1992), Canadian football player
Josiah Strong (1847–1916), American clergyman
Josiah Sutherland (1804–1887), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Symon (1846–1934), Scottish-Australian lawyer and politician
T
[edit]
Josiah Taft (1709–1756), American soldier
Josiah Tattnall (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Tauaefa (born 1997), American football player
Josiah Thomas (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah Thompson (born 1935), American writer
Josiah Tongogara (1938–1979), Zimbabwean military officer
Josiah Charles Trent (1914–1948), American surgeon
Josiah Trimmingham (born 1996), Trinidadian politician
Josiah Trowbridge (1785–1862), American politician
Josiah Tuck (1824–1900), American inventor
Josiah Tucker (1713–1799), Welsh clergyman
Josiah Tungamirai (1948–2005), Zimbabwean military officer
Josiah Turner (1821–1901), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Turner (judge) (1811–1907), American judge
Josiah Twum-Boafo (born 1997), South African rugby union footballer
V
[edit]
Josiah Alexander Van Orsdel (1860–1937), American judge
Josiah Vavasseur (1834–1908), English industrialist
W
[edit]
Josiah T. Walls (1842–1905), American politician
Josiah Warren (1798–1874), American anarchist
Josiah Ogden Watson (1784–1852), American politician
Josiah Wedgwood (disambiguation), multiple people
Josiah White (1781–1850), American industrialist
Josiah Whitney (1819–1896), American geologist
Josiah P. Wilbarger (1801–1845), American settler
Josiah Willard (1805–1868), American farmer
Josiah B. Williams (1810–1883), American businessman
Josiah Winslow (1628–1680), English politician
Josiah O. Wolcott (1877–1938), American lawyer and politician
Josiah Wolf, American drummer
Josiah Wood (1843–1927), Canadian lawyer
Josiah Woodward (1657–1712), English clergyman
Y
[edit]
Josiah Yazdani (born 1991), American football player
Josiah T. Young (1831–1907), American editor and politician
Z
[edit]
Josiah Zayner (born 1981), American bioengineer
Josiah Zuro (1887–1930), Polish-American pianist
Fictional characters
[edit]
Josiah Bartlet, US President in the television series The West Wing
Josiah S. Carberry, fictional professor at Brown University
Josiah Power, DC Comics superhero
Josiah X, super-soldier in the Marvel Comics Universe
Josiah Trelawny, conman in the video game Red Dead Redemption 2
|
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"Baker Funeral Home"
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Baker Funeral Home
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https://bakerfuneralhomepound.com/obituaries
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POUND, VA – Charlotte Sue Meade, 59, entered into eternal rest Sunday August 11, 2024 from her residence, after a long
battle with cancer. Her loving family was at her side.
Charlotte was of the Baptist faith. She was a loving mother, sister, aunt and friend. She enjoyed coloring, watching television
especially The Golden Girls and the TLC Channel. But being with her family was what brought her the greatest moments of her life. Her family was everything to her.
Charlotte was preceded in death by her parents Albert and Christine (Tucker) Mullins; her husband Monroe Meade; a sister, Becky Mullins and her sister-in-law, Wilma Mullins.
Survivors include her daughters, Alice Marie Meade (Spencer Salyers)- Pound, VA, Lindsay Brooke Meade Dingus (William)-
Pound, VA; sisters, Linda Mullins- Pound, VA, Melissa Martin -Dodge City, KS; brothers, Larry Mullins- Pound, VA and Barry Mullins (Amanda)- Pound, VA., several nieces,
nephews and cousins and a host of friends and loved ones.
Special thank you to all the hospice nurses for their kindness and compassion.
There will be a celebration of life service at a later date.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Charlotte Sue Meade.
CLINTWOOD, VA – Logan Jess Stanley was born December 3, 1988 to the late Randy and Rachelle Stanley.
Logan passed away from his earthly body at his home in Clintwood on July 28, 2024.
Logan was preceded in death by his father Randy Stanley; hismaternal grandparents Bill and Irene (Hall) Allen and paternal grandfather Jessie Stanley.
Survivors include his loving mother Rachelle (Allen) Stanley-Clintwood, VA; sister Tiffany Mullins and brother-in-law Justin-Coeburn, VA; three precious nephews Braden Lee Stanley,
Braxton Lee Mullins and Ryker Lee Mullins; his paternal grand-mother Shirley (Edwarda) Stanley; several aunts, uncles and cousins; and host of friends and loved ones.
Logan will be missed more than words can say, but with our hope, faith and unconditional love we will see each other again.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Friday August 2, 2024, in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Kelly Fleming officiating. The family will receive friends from 12 Noon until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Saturday August 3, 2024, at the Stanley/Moore Cemetery on John Dane Lane in Clintwood, VA where Justin Mullins, Braden Stanley, Andrew Tucker, Jordan Slone, Brent Mullins, and Jarvie
Robinson will serve as pallbearers. Honorary pallbearers will be Braxton Mullins and Ryker Mullins. Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 11:30 am for a final
viewing and to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
The staff at Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is in charge of arrangements and extend our deepest sympathy to the family of Logan Jess Stanley.
POUND, VA - Kevin Dewayne Mullins, was born on June 2, 1966
and passed away at Bristol Regional Medical Center on July 27, 2024,
after a long fought battle of illness.
Kevin worked many years in the construction industry, primarily in
concrete, with his brothers. In his spare time he loved to fish and hang
out with his many close friends. He was a member of Lost Creek
Ministries in Norton, VA. He loved to visit and help the homeless under the bridge with his church family. He had the kindest heart of anyone you could ever meet, and he will be missed by anyone who knew him. He is rejoicing in Heaven, with his mother and daddy, and no longer in pain.
Kevin is preceded in death by his mother and father Alvin and Anna
Faye Mullins, brother Shannon Mullins of Coeburn, VA and brothers-in-laws Donald Kennedy of Coeburn, VA, Mitchell Chester- Pound, VA
and David Gent- Pound, VA, nephew Hunter Lassiter of Pound, VA.
Kevin is survived by brothers Stevie (Deidra) Mullins, Ricky Mullins,
Randy Mullins (Dora), Timmy Mullins and Jimmy Mullins, all of Pound, VA;sisters Tonia Kennedy of Wise, VA, Thresia Mullins and Cindy Gent of Coeburn, VA, Rhonda Adams and (James Bentley), Lisa (Scott) Rasnic
and Kimberly Mullins, all of Wise, VA, Robin (Greg) Mullins of Norton,
VA and Kristy Mullins of Wise, VA, and a host of nieces, nephews,
cousins and friends.
Kevin is also survived by special friends Les Falin, Chuck Branham
and Kimberly Willis, all of Pound, VA; special great niece Abigail and
God daughter Audrey Browning of Wise, VA.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Tuesday July 30, 2024,
in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Jeff Reynolds officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00pm until the time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Wednesday July 31,
2024, at the Eli Mullins Cemetery on Sock Hollow Road in Pound, VA
where Devin Rasnick, Justin Gent, Trevan Vanover, William Meade,
Tyler Craddock, Les Falin, Chuck Branham and Joshua Mullins will
serve as pallbearers. Payton (Doodle) McGraw and Chandler Mullins
will be honorary pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet
at the funeral home by 12:00 Noon to prepare to go in procession to
the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Kevin
Dewayne Mullins.
WISE, VA – Vicky Lynn Phillips, 64, entered into rest Friday July 19, 2024 from Roanoke Memorial Hospital after an extended
illness. Her beloved family was by her side.
Vicky was a born again Christian and attended Pyles Memorial Chapel. She was born October 10, 1959 to her parents Trent and Wilma (Dotson) Mullins of Pound, VA. and was a1978 graduate of Pound, High School. She was a licensed cosmetologist and worked for several years as a bank teller. Vicky had a warm heart and a fantastic smile, she could make everyone feel better. She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, daughter, sister, aunt and friend. She enjoyed going to church, traveling and shopping and loved the beach. Vicky maintained a close relationship with
both her parents their entire lives.
Vicky was preceded in death by her parents Trent and Wilma (Dotson) Mullins, an infant brother Scotty Von Mullins; and her father and mother-in-law Charles and Anna Phillips.
Vicky is survived by her loving and devoted husband of 28 years Thea Phillips-Wise, VA; her daughters Nakisha Robinson-Clintwood,
VA, Amber Coomer and husband Roger-Kingsport, TN and Heather Nidiffer and husband Matthew-Danville, VA; her grandchildren Trenton “Dub” Robinson and wife Brynna, Nick Robinson, Ella Coomer, Noah Coomer, Liam Coomer, Jude Coomer, Camden Nidiffer and Avery Nidiffer: her brother Rob Mullins and wife Missy Pound, VA; several aunts , uncles, nephews, nieces, and cousins; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Tuesday July 23, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy
Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Private graveside services will be held at a later date.
The staff at Baker Funeral Home extends our deepest sympathy to the family of Vicky Lynn Phillips.
Arrangements are under the direction of Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA.
Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thine ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. Proverbs 3:5, 6
ABINGDON, VA- Glenda Lee Burnham,87, went home to be with Jesus Saturday July 13, 2024 from her residence, surrounded by her loving family.
Glenda was born in Rosco Nebraska on February 9, 1937 to the late Harry and Mary Belle (Armstrong) Most. Glenda graduated from North Platte High School and attended
Briercrest Bible Institute in Saskatchewan, Canada. She then married Lee Burnham in 1956 and they moved to Southwest Virginia in 1957 where they have spent almost all their lives. She was well known in Pound, Wise and Norton area as a piano teacher and played the piano or organ for weddings and as well has aided her husband in his pastorates of local churches. She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, great- grand mother, sister, aunt and friends. Her greatest joy was the time she spent with her family and praising her Lord
In addition to her parents, Harry and Mary Belle (Armstrong) Most, Glenda is also preceded in death by her sister Darlene
Most; her brother, Harry J. Most; and a granddaughter, Stefani Lynne Snyder.
Survivors include her loving and devoted husband of nearly 68 years, Norman Lee Burnham- Abingdon, VA; a daughter,
Mari Lynne Snyder and husband Brian- New Jersey; sons, Timothy Lee Burnham and wife Pat- Wytheville, VA, Steve Burnham and wife Jeannie- Wytheville, VA, Nate Burnham
and wife JoAnn- Abingdon, VA; grandchildren, Kincey Hess (Clay), Josh Burnham (Brandi), Brittany Marshall (Charlie), B.J. Snyder (Michel), Melani Davis (Zach), Rich Snyder (Tracy), Scott Burnham (Megan), Shannon Grondzik (Ben), Hadassah LaFollette (Scott), Tahan Burnham (Hannah)
and Nekoda Burnham (Kayla); 22 great grandchildren; her sister, Sharron Watt- Colorado; several nieces, nephews and cousins and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 2:00 pm Tuesday July 16, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Cliff Cauthorne officiating. The family will receive friends from 12 Noon until time of services.
Burial and committal services will follow in the Crouse Cemetery-Pound, VA where family members will serve as pallbearers.
The staff at Baker Funeral Home extends our deepest sympathy to the family of Glenda Burnham. Arrangements are under the direction of Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA.
SEPTEMBER 2, 1931 – JULY 10, 2024
POUND, VA – Joyce Ann Adams Varner Reed passed away Wednesday at her home
after a period of declining health. She was preceded in death by her parents, Malcolm
Adams and Mary Jeanette Mullins Adams; brothers James Eual Adams and Wayburn
Adams; sisters Evelyn Sartain and Johnnie Ruth Maggard; her first husband Billy R.
Varner; daughter Donna Joyce Varner; and her second husband, Jesse Reed.
She is survived by her two sons, Gary Varner and his wife Geneva, and Bill Varner
and his wife Marla; daughter Sandy Hubbard; grandchildren, Susanna Taylor and her husband Robert, Jessica Reeves, Melody Cantrell and her husband Larry, Jennifer Clevinger and her husband Johnathan, and Donna Litton and her husband Chris; and great-grandchildren Taylor Sanders, Jordan Sanders, Jillian Taylor, Gray Cantrell, Marshall Cantrell, Averie Reeves, Sydney Reeves, Austin Clevinger and Logan Clevinger.
Joyce graduated from Christopher Gist High School in 1950. She loved sharing stories
about her childhood in Pound, especially her time at her grandparents John Henry and
Belle Adams Hayes’s home. She reminisced about playing in the apple orchard above
their two-story house downtown. Joyce also spent part of her childhood and young
adult years in Chicago, where she fondly remembered dancing, riding the train daily,
and walking several blocks to her job at the telephone company.
After marrying and starting a family, Joyce and her family moved to Manassas,
Virginia, until the late 1960s, eventually settling back in Pound. Following the death
of her first husband, she remarried and lived in Payne Gap, Kentucky until her second
husband passed away, after which she returned to downtown Pound.
Joyce enjoyed cooking for her family, visiting the gym in Norton three times a week, and dining at her favorite restaurants. She especially loved the Pound Christmas parade, where the family would gather at her apartment on Main Street to watch the festivities.
In accordance with her wishes, Joyce will be cremated, and a private service will be
held at a later date. The family extend their heartfelt thanks to the Pound Rescue Squad
and Baker Funeral Home for their dedicated service.
In lieu of flowers, the family asks the donations be made to the Pound Rescue Squad at: P O Box 711, Pound, VA 24279.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Joyce Varner Reed.
FALL BRANCH, TN- Estilee “Sissy” Adkins Conley, 82, formerly of Pound, VA peacefully passed away Thursday June 27, 2024, at Holston Valley Medical Center after a lengthy illness. Her family was by her side.
Sissy was born December 18, 1941, to Everette and Rousia (Maggard) Adkins in Jenkins, KY. Being the oldest girl of eight children, Sissy was a caretaker from the beginning. Going on to selflessly care for children and loved ones, while putting aside all her need and wants. Yet grateful for the opportunity to be of service to others. Being a wife and mother was her calling in life.
Sissy had two children, Lashell Rena and David Allen that were her world. She worked tirelessly to make sure she was able to give them everything she could. She was a wonderful loving mother. She raised
her children to know God and taught their Sunday School class every week. And brought many children the word of God.
In May of 1983 Sissy was married to Dallas Conley in Front Royal, VA. He preached the word of God at several churches along the way.
In 1989 Sissy and Dallas retired to Pound, VA where they became longstanding members of Hubbard Chapel Church. Their faith in Christ was an example to many.
Sissy’s favorite past times were cooking, sewing, crafts, crosswords, playing cards and talking with friends and family on Facebook. And of course spending time with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
To them she was known as “Nonnie”
Sissy was preceded in death by her loving husband, Reverend Dallas Conley which she missed so much after his passing; stepsons Dallas Conley Jr; and Carlos Conley and wife Nancy and her parents, Everette and Rousia (Maggard) Adkins; brothers Kenny Adkins and Allen Adkins.
Survivors include her daughter, Lashell Joyner and husband Mark- Fall Branch, TN; her son David Chaney and wife Donna- Kingsport, TN; grand-children, Rickey Bradley (Michelle), Melissa Leonard (Freddy),
Amanda Shively (Ben), Shannon Hann (Richard), Derek Chaney (Brandie), Monica Kidd (Alan), Dalton Chaney, Dillion Chaney, C Chevy Chaney, Kesha Smith and Justin Ball; great-grandchildren; Addyson Bradley, Tristen Bradley, Trinity Leonard, Serenity Leonard, Gage Leonard, Hannah Cook, Jackson Shively, Ella Shively, Ryker Hann, Reid Hann, Zanna Chaney, Zayne Chaney, Bentley Kidd, Donnie Bradford, Bobby Jeffers, Cavin Jeffers and a great grandson due in August; sisters, Roberta “Bertie” Meade, and Delores Mullins (James), Wilma Bryant, (Bill), sister-in-law Janet Adkins; brothers, Kendall “Moe” Adkins and Dennis Adkins; several nieces, nephews and cousins; and a host of friends and
loved ones
Funeral service will be conducted at 1:00 pm Monday July 1, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Billy Hibbitts and Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 11:00 am until time of services
Graveside committal services will follow at the Arvil Mullins Cemetery- Pound, Va where Richard Hann, Ryker Hann, Reid Hann, Dalton Chaney, Dillion Chaney, Chevy Chaney and Ricky Cantrell will serve as pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home- Pound, VA is serving the family of Estilee “Sissy” Adkins Conley.
POUND, VA- Patricia Ann “Patsy” Adams, 71, went home to be with her heavenly father Thursday June 27, 2024 from Norton Community Hospital- Norton, VA. Her loving family at her bedside.
Patsy was a Christian and a fifty-plus years member of Martha’s Chapel Church and always sharing her love of God and all her blessings. Patsy loved going to church, cooking, gardening, talking to friends and making memories with family. Her family was her life, she enjoyed spending every second she could with them. Sunday dinner was always ready and waiting for them She loved everyone and never saw a stranger,
but those grandbabies had a special place in her heart… bragging and sharing her love for her grandbabies was no problem for her. Patsy’s laughter and smile touched us all.
Gone to be with her loved ones and Jesus, but forever here in our hearts. Her presence was a ray of sunshine every day. Her presence was a ray of sunshine, she would light up every room she walked in with her sweet, contagious and beautiful smile.
Patsy was preceded in death by her parents, Junior Keith and Charmie Victoria (Phillips) Church; brother, Paul James Church
and sister, Helen “Suzie” Collier.
Survivors include her husband of nearly 49 years, Bobby Wayne Adams-Pound, VA; her daughter, Misty Dawn Adams Strouth and husband Bobby- Pound, VA; grandchildren, Chase Dalton Strouth and fiancé Briana Triplet, Kayleigh Elizabeth and companion Andrew Burton; Trinity Cheyan Strouth, Braelynn Chenoa Strouth, Keanan Scott Strouth, Hayden Rayne Strouth;
great-grandson, Luca Bennett Burton (her little bubby); a sister, Geneva Evelon Rutherford and husband Donnie-Live Oak, FL; brothers, Ronnie Keith Church and Randall Martin Church both of Pound, VA; several nieces, nephews and cousins and many friends that loved her dearly.
Funeral services will be conducted at 6:00 pm Saturday June 29, 2024 in the Baker Funeral home Chapel with Reverend Ray
Yeary officiating. The family will receive friends from 4:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Sunday June 30, 2024 in the Adams Cemetery-Eolia, KY where family and friends will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 10:00 am to prepare to go in procession
to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Patricia Ann “Patsy” Adams.
DAMASCUS, VA- William Kyle Boggs, 89, passed from this life into his eternal reward Wednesday June 26, 2024from his residence. He was surrounded by his loving family.
Kyle was born in Pound, VA on September 6, 1934 to the late Arnold and Rebecca (Morgan) Boggs. He was of the Christian faith and was a member of the Damascus Road Baptist Church. Kyle was a Korean War Veteran having served in the United States Army. He retired from the United States
Postal Service as a letter carrier with over 28 years of service. Kyle loved working, either at his job, on his farm, with his cattle or doing something for his church. He loved his God,
his family and his country. He enjoyed fishing and spending time with his grandkids, but his passion in life was doting
after and caring for his beloved wife Margaret since their marriage on January 18,1958.
Along with his parents, he is preceded in death by his son, John Wesley Boggs; and several other siblings and family
members.
Survivors include his devoted and loving wife of 66 years, Margaret (Stidham) Boggs-Damascus, VA; a grandson, Wesley Brian Boggs and wife Tori; great grandchildren, Haley Elizabeth Boggs and William Gabriel Boggs and Mason Arnold Boggs; several loving siblings; numerous nieces, nephews and cousins; a host of friends and loved ones; and his beloved 4 legged companion
Diesel.
Funeral services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Saturday June 29, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Caleb Holman officiating. The family will receive friends from 12 Noon until time
of services. Military rites by Whitesburg KY VFW Post 5829 will follow.
Graveside committal services will be conducted at Boggs Cemetery-on Metro Meadow Branch Road-Pound, VA. where Wesley Brian Boggs, Gabrielle Boggs, Richard Wilkins, Johnny “Bear” Crouse; Rodney Bolling and Andrew Mullins will serve as pallbearers.
In lieu of flowers, the family asks that donations be made to be the Damascus VFW Post 9830, 23489 Mountain City Rd, Damascus, VA 24236
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of William Kyle Boggs.
POUND, VA – Mrs. Mima Jean Sturgill, 81, was born July 20, 1942 and entered the Kingdom of Heaven on June 9, 2024, from the The Laurels in Norton, VA. She was surrounded by her
loving family.
Mima was a born again Christian and a true child of God. She was a member of Martha’s Chapel for 44 years and loved to tell
people how good her Lord and Savior was to her. She loved her God and her family. Mima was a dedicated homemaker and caregiver. She believed in raising her family with the Lord’s
guidance. Her life revolved around her family, especially her grandkids and great grandkids in her later years. Mima was a homebody, when she did go places, like the flea market, yard
sales or out to eat she wanted to be home by dark. She also enjoyed court TV shows and gameshows and loved birds.Her greatest joy was the time she spent with her family.
Mima was preceded in death by her mother Gertrude Powers; her husband Estle Sturgill; her daughter Sandra Sturgill Wells; and her daughter-in-law Ruby Sturgill.
Mima is survived by her sons Franklin Sturgill-Harrodsburg, KY, Larry Sturgill and wife Trish-Pound. VA, and Scott Sturgill and wife Sheila-Kingsport, TN; her grandchildren Jason Sturgill and wife Leigh-Ann-Big Stone Gap, VA, Jennifer Culbertson and husband Danny-Norton, VA; Joshua Sturgill and wife Alison-St. Paul, VA; Matthew Sturgill-Pound, VA, Amber Wells and partner Wayne Gilliam-Wise, VA and Nathan Brickey-Kingsport, TN; great-grandchildren Bryan Culbertson, Kaylee Culbertson, Penelope Sturgill, Elijah Sturgill, Zoey Gilliam and Isaiah Sturgill; her church family; and a host of friends and loved
ones to cherish her memory.
Private services will be conducted Tuesday June 11, 2024, in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel.
Graveside committal services will follow in the Powers Cemetery on George Riner Road in Pound, VA where Jason
Sturgill, Joshua Sturgill, Matt Sturgill, Nathan Brickey, Bryan Culbertson and Sherman Collins will serve as pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Mrs. Mima Jean Sturgill.
POUND, VA- Guy Stephen “Wibble” Akers, 46 passed away on Tuesday June 4, 2024, from the Dickenson Community Hospital- Clintwood, VA.
Wibble was of the Christian faith. He was devoted to his family and his work. At work he liked to paint, putting up drywall, fixing floors and most any type of construction work. He died doing what he loved. Even though he never showed his emotions, you always knew he loved you. Battling with Becky and the girls he was outnumbered. Wibble was surrounded by female hormones that made his life very complicated at times and never knowing at any giving moment… who would throw the first punch. He would always be the laughter in his family’s house. He was a good man and a great father and loved his girls unconditionally. He loved making his family happy. Wibble was a lifelong avid cock-fighter and enjoyed rabbit hunting with his beagles.
Wibble was preceded in death by his mother, Lisa (Tompkins) Akers; maternal grandparents, Donnie and Rosalie Tompkins; paternal grandparents, Clifford and Connie Akers; uncles, Chris Tompkins and Randall Akers and an aunt, Tammy Stallard.
Survivors include his soulmate for 24 years, Becky Shortt- Pound, VA; daughters, Mady Steffey, Chloe Akers and Macie Akers all of Pound, VA; his father, Guy Akers and companion Colleen Stanley-Pound, VA; brother, Brandon Akers and wife Amanda-Clarksville, TN; aunts, Linda Greene-Pound, VA and Noveda Davis-Maryland; special nephews, Nicholas and Brian Buchanan and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Thursday June 6, 2024, in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Friday June 7, 2024, at the Arvil Mullins Cemetery-Pound, VA where
Matt Hall, Jason Boatwright, Derek Ratliff, Mikey Paul Large, Tristan Hall and John Hall will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 10:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
In lieu of flowers the family asks that donations be made to Baker Funeral Home to help with funeral expenses.
Baker Funeral Home- Pound, VA will be serving the family of Guy Stephen “Wibble” Akers.
POUND, VA – Heather Nicole Hollyfield Dotson, 40, entered into eternity Tuesday May 21, 2024, from Norton Community Hospital-Norton, VA after an extended illness.
Heather was of the Freewill Baptist faith. She was a loving mother, grandmother, daughter, sister and friend. Heather had a smile that would light up a room and a personality you loved to be around. But if you ever messed with someone she loved…well lets just say you wouldn’t want to go there. She also enjoyed listening to music (especially gospel and country), and would dance and sing as she listened, she loved to
travel, playing practical jokes on everyone, and just being outside with the sunshine beaming on her face or sit around campfire at night with family and friends.
Heather was preceded in death by her son, Austin Drake Dotson.
Survivors include her daughter, Isabell Hope Richardson and husband Brandon-Fort Liberty, NC; her son, Owen Dale Dotson-Pound, VA; a granddaughter, Remington Grace Dotson; her parents, Mickey and Robin (Vanover) Hollyfield- Pound, VA; brothers, Mickey “Gillet” Hollyfield Jr
and Jason Hollyfield both of Pound, VA; special niece AshLanna Hollyfield; special friend, Amy Fleenor- Pound, VA; father of her children, Joshua Dotson-Pound, VA; her pit bull fur baby, Kiana; numerous aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Sunday May 26, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Greg Cyphers and Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 12 noon Monday May 27, 2024 at Eli Mullins Cemetery on Sock Road-Pound, VA where Brandon Richardson, Lucas Holbrook, Grayson Perry, Shean Perry, Jason Hollyfield, Wesley Stanley and Brandon Gilliam will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends
are asked to meet at the funeral home by 11:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
In lieu of flowers the family asks that donations be made to Baker Funeral Home to help with funeral expenses.
Baker Funeral Home- Pound, VA is serving the family of Heather Nicole
Hollyfield Dotson.
James Preston Collier Sr., born May 27,1945 in Pound, Virginia went to be with the Lord on April 28, 2024.
James, also known as “J.P.”, was a Railroad Carman for 34 years at Amtrak before retiring and working part time as a Railroad Composite Mechanic at Virginia Rail Express during which time James received many awards for his service from both companies.
James loved his motorcycles and was a former member of the Gold Wing Road Riders Association, Manassas, Virginia Chapter. James enjoyed working with his hands and everyone knew him as a man who could fix or repair anything. He would constantly receive calls from family, neighbors, and friends to help advise them how to fix something. He was always available and ready to help.
James was known in the Westgate area of Manassas as the “Mayor of Westgate” because James and his dog “Buddy” would walk the Westgate area making friends with everyone they met.
James is preceded in death by his daughter, Denise Louise Collier, parents, John and Lou
Vernie Gardner Collier, Siblings, Dallas Collier, Eunice Vinogradov, Brenda Boggs, and Mary Hernan and his loving companion “Buddy.”
He is survived by his wife, Carolyn Collier, two children, Littia D. Collier of Manassas and James Preston Collier, Jr. and his wife Deana, of Richmond, Virginia and three
grandchildren, John Collier-Tanchak of Manassas, VA, and Meredith and Alana Collier of Richmond, VA and three sisters, Juvada Stratton and her husband Homer, Norton, Va, Patricia Collier and her significant other, Stuart Boyer, Vero Beach, FL, and Janice Oliver and her husband Gene, Pound, VA and many nieces and nephews.
A private family service will be held at a future date.
The family requests, that instead of flowers, donations be made to the Dementia Society of America.
POUND, VA- Janice Catherine Hensley, 77, passed away Tuesday April 23, 2024 from Johnson City Medical Center with her loving family at her bedside.
Janice was of the Baptist faith. She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, sister, aunt and friend. Janice enjoyed gaming on her IPad, was an excellent cook and housekeeper and a very experienced shopper… according to her family.
But her love for her family and grandchildren (and she loved spoiling those grandchildren) was what she cherished the
most, she devoted her life to loving and taking such good care of all those around her.
Janice was preceded in death by her son, C.J. Hensley; her parents, Stanley J. and Johanna F. (Kenny) Mayeski.
Survivors include her husband of 56 years, Claude Hensley-Pound, VA; daughters, Loretta Gemmill (Bobby)- Baltimore,
MD and Jaime Mann (David)- Baltimore, MD; grandchildren, Sean Owens, Lauryn Owens, Madison Gemmill, Austin Gemmill, Jillian Hensley Diehl (Wayne), and Kendra Hensley; a sister, Barbara J. Heath- Baltimore, MD; several nieces, nephews and cousins and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Friday April 26, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Elder Stacy Potter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
A visitation for Janice’s family and friends in Maryland will be held Sunday April 28, 2024 from 12 Noon until 2:00 pm at Duda Ruck Funeral Home (7922 Wise Ave-Dundalk, MD 21222)
Graveside services will be conducted at 12 noon Tuesday April 30, 2024 at the Boggs Family Cemetery-Pound, VA where family
members will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 11:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Janice Catherine Hensley.
POUND, VA – Kimberlee Sue Craft, 56, was born April 22, 1967, left this earth suddenly on Friday April 19, 2024, from Norton Community Hospital. She was surrounded by her loving family.
Kim was of the Baptist faith. She was a wonderful wife, mother, grandmother, daughter, sister and friend to many. She
enjoyed camping, fishing and kayaking. But most of all she enjoyed being with her family and especially her grandkids. She was employed at Food City in Clintwood and loved her job.
Kim was preceded in death by her father Earlon Mullins.
Survivors include her loving husband of 25 years, Dean Craft-Pound, VA; her three daughters Katie Reece and husband Richie-
Pound, VA and Cassie Dotson and husband Dustin -Wise, VA and Amy Craft-Fredericksburg, VA; one son, Anthony Craft-
Pound, VA; grandchildren, Dane Reece, Amillia Reece, Sophie Reece, Robbie Reece, Baby Parker, Alex Dotson, Keegan Dotson,
Allie Dotson, Kaylee Garnett and Austin Chadwick; her mother Barbara Mullins-Pound, VA; her sisters Kristal Bowers and husband Steve-Pound, VA, Kelly Branham and husband Donald- Pound, VA and Karla Lovell and husband Brian-Troutville, VA; her brother Kristopher Mullins and wife Teresa-Pound, VA; several nieces, nephews, cousins, aunts and uncles; and a host of friends and
loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Tuesday April 23, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy
Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 12:00 noon Wednesday April 24, 2024 at the Gilmer Mullins Cemetery on Greely Gilmer
Road-Pound, VA where Richie Reece, Dustin Dotson, Alex Dotson, Donald Branham, Kristopher Mullins and Steve Bowers will serve as pallbearers. Honorary pallbearer will be Cpl. Jacob Singleton.
Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 11:00 am for the final viewing and to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Kimberlee Sue Craft.
WISE, VA – Randall Elmer Williams, 66, entered into eternity Wednesday April 10, 2024, from the Select Specialty Hospital at Bristol Regional Medical Center after a courageous battle with cancer.
Randall was of the Christian faith. He was born July 3, 1957, in Paulding, OH He graduated from Fairbanks High School in Sherwood Township, OH in 1975. He was a veteran of the United States Air Force and a retired bookkeeper.
Randall was jack-of-all trades. He was always working, there was not a lazy bone in his body. He was always tinkering on something whether it was carpentry,
plumbing, electricity or whatever needed to be fixed. Randall loved traveling and had visited all the lower 48 states with his brother Lonnie. He had a great sense of
humor and loved to aggravate people. He enjoyed watching television and enjoyed
watching Two and a Half Men, Seinfeld, Cheers, Sons of Anarchy, Rifleman and
Civil War documentaries. He loved fishing and going to the flea market. Family
was crucial to him and he always kept in contact with his family. Randall especially
loved his grandbabies Ray and Mackenzie, they affectionately knew him as “Poppy”.
Randall was preceded in death by his parents Cecil and Virginia (McCowan)
Williams; a sister Barbara Woodring; and a brother Larry Williams.
Survivors include his constant companion of 13 years Rhonda Carole Cox-Wise, VA; his special daughter Heather Cox-Wise, VA; his special grandchildren Ray Lane and Mackenzie Lane; a sister Wanda Denise Brown and husband Jerry-Sherwood,
OH; his brothers Lonnie Williams and wife Mary-Cecil, OH and Carter Williams-
Clintwood, VA; several nieces, nephews and cousins; a host of friends and loved ones; and his beloved yorkie Heidi.
As per Randall’s wishes, he will be cremated and a gathering of family and friends to celebrate is life will be held at a later date.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Randal Elmer Williams.
JENKINS, KY – Belva Ann (Rose) Mullins, 72, entered peacefully into eternity Thursday March 14, 2024 from the Pikeville Medical Center after a long and courageous battle
with cancer. She was surrounded by her loving family.
Belva was of the Christian faith and attended Burdine Freewill Baptist Church when she was able. She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, sister, aunt and friend. She was known as “Boo Boo” to her grandchildren and many other children. She had such a way with babies that she got the
nickname “The Baby Whisperer”. She loved kids and kids loved her. Belva enjoyed traveling, going to yard sales, listening to gospel music and visiting with friends and family. She was an excellent housekeeper, she loved canning things from the garden and was a fantastic cook. Everyone loved
her home cooked meals. She was an avid reader and enjoyed all kinds of books.
Belva was preceded in death by her parents, Acie and Edna (Johnson) Rose; sisters, Nancy Louise Vance, Norma Jean
Duncil and Martha Lavada Wright; brothers, Larry Acie Rose and Tommy Rose; and brother-in-law Tom Lockwood.
Belva is survived by her husband of 51 years David Mullins-Jenkins, KY; her sons, David Dwayne Mullins and wife Melanie-
Bean Station, TN and Robert Acie Mullins and wife Melissa- Payne Gap, KY; grandchildren, Sam Mullins, Andrew Mullins,
Bryan Epperson, Katelyn Mathers and husband Mason, Robert Dwayne Mullins and Hunter Acie Mullins; sisters, Dorothy Mae
Vernatter (Ronald)-Somerset, KY, Joyce Adkins (Doug) Columbus, IN, Alice Lockwood- Payne Gap, KY, Rebecca Jo Brown- Jenkins, KY, Vanessa Dale Rose- Jenkins, KY and Freda Rogers (Phillip)- Pikeville, KY; brothers, Walter Rose (Jeanie)- Morristown, TN, Gary Don Rose (Lois)- Payne Gap, KY, Wendell Rose (Lois)- Jenkins, KY and Gerald Rose (Terri)- Pikeville, KY; sisters-in-law Margaret Rose and Nina Rose; numerous nieces, nephews and cousins; and a host of close friends and loved ones
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Monday March 18, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Hollis Bevins officiating. The family will receive
friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 12 Noon Tuesday March 19, 2024 at the Mullins Family Cemetery in the Payne Gap section
of Jenkins where David Carl Mullins, Robert Acie Mullins, David Dwayne Mullins, Andrew Mullins, Robert Dwayne Mullins, Bryan Epperson and Hunter Mullins will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 11:00 am for the final
viewing and to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Belva Ann Mullins.
POUND, VA- Faye Bolling Mullins, 74, went home to be with her Lord and Savior Jesus Christ on Saturday March 9that her residence after a difficult battle with cancer. She was surrounded by her loving family.
Faye was a devoted Christian and a member of Living Waters Independent Baptist Church. She was a kind, loving, and caring wife, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, sister, aunt, and friend. Faye was known for being an excellent seamstress, having worked for and retired from Buster Brown. She could make anything anyone asked, including custom outfits and numerous kids’ costumes. In addition to her passion for sewing, she loved to decorate and create floral arrangements. People would often say that her decorations were as great and magnificent as celebrity designers’. Faye also loved to take pictures. Her photography skills were unlike any other, better quality than some professionals. She was nicknamed “paparazzi” by Brooke’s travel softball team because everywhere you looked, Faye was there capturing important moments. Some of her other hobbies included quilting, gardening, reading books, watching crime and investigation shows, researching family histories and ancestries, traveling, spending time with family, and most importantly, spoiling her grandkids. Mamaw Faye often stated, “God placed me on Earth to be a grandmother,” which she fulfilled to her greatest potential, and will be most remembered by how much she loved her grandkids.
Faye was preceded in death by her parents Bennie Allen Bolling and Marie (Fleming) Meade; brother Kyle Bolling; and sister Greta Bolling. Survivors include her loving husband of 45 years Frank Mullins; son Allen Thompson (Pound, VA); daughters Kim Stidham and husband Jeff (Pound, VA), and Tina Mullins (Wise, VA); grandson Scott Stidham and wife Brittany (Pound, VA); granddaughter Dr. Brooke Mullins and husband Dr. Ricky Dale Mullins Jr. (Coeburn, VA); grandson Michael Clark (Wise, VA); great-grandkids Kimber Stidham, Kimbree Stidham, Silas Mullins, and Baby Mullins #2 (on the way); brother Ricky Bolling and wife Susie (Pound, VA); sister Darlene Boggs and husband Jeff (Pound, VA); several nieces, nephews, and cousins; and a host of close friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Monday March 11, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Dr. Ricky Dale Mullins Jr. officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Tuesday March 12, 2024 at the Bolling Flat Gap Cemetery Pound, VA where Kimber Stidham, Scott Stidham, Michael Clark, Corey Bolling, Ricky Mullins Sr., Eric Blankenship, Jason Ingles, and Kenneth Kelly will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 12 Noon for the final viewing and to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
A meal for the family will be held at Living Waters Independent Baptist Church Wise, VA Tuesday March 12, 2024 at 3:00 pm after graveside services.
Baker Funeral Home- Pound, VA is serving the family of Faye Bolling Mullins.
POUND, VA – Woodard Allen “Woody” Hollon, 85, entered into his eternal reward Monday February 26, 2024 from Norton
Community Hospital.
Woody was a born again Christian. He loved his Lord and lived daily to serve him. He was quick to witness to anyone about how the Lord saved him and would do the same for you. Woody was a veteran of the United States Army and served with Elvis Presley. Woody was a retired coal truck driver with over 50 years experience. He was well known in the trucking community as “Bubba”. He also was known to disguise
his voice and talk to the truckers as “Sweet Apple”. He loved to pull pranks on his co-workers. Woody also worked for 10 years in the mines. He was a loving husband, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, brother, uncle, and friend.
Woody was preceded in death by his wife Christine (Sturgill) Hollon; his parents Clifford and Elizabeth (Tackett) Hollon; and
his brothers Billy Ray, Charles Edward , Horace Greely and Clifford Hollon, Jr.
Survivors include his son Gregory Hollon-Pound, VA: grandchildren Sabrina Rose (Stephen) -Tuscaloosa, AL, Christy Adams-
Eolia, KY, Tonja-Leigh Mullins (Joseph)-Wise, VA and Shamber Schenck (Tyler) Appalachia, VA; great-grandchildren Samantha
Beams (Colton), Julie Rose, Gracie Adams, Jasmine “Cricket” Adams, Aurora-Ray Mullins and Annabelle Mullins, and Leland
Schenck; great-great-grandchildren Danny Beams, Benjamin Beams and Owen Ryder ”Peanut”; the mother of his grandchildren Ona Hollon; several niece, nephews and cousins; his trucking buddies; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 12 noon Saturday March 2, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel; with Reverend Mark Stallard and Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends
from 10 am until time of services.
Burial will follow in the Dewey Memorial Cemetery-Pound, VA where Woody will be laid to rest beside his wife Christine. Tyler
Schenk, Joey Mullins, Colton Beams, Bobby Smith, Stephen Rose and Bo McArthur will serve as pallbearers.
Baker funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Woodard
Allen Hollon.
POUND, VA – Deborah Jean Hampton, 66, entered peacefully into eternity Sunday February 25, 2024 from her residence. She
was surrounded by her loving family.
Debbie was a Christian of the Baptist faith, she attended Pyles Memorial Chapel. She was cosmetologist for many years, having
owned her own shop in Pound and Clintwood and then working at the Smart Style Shop at Walmart. Debbie was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, sister, aunt and friend. She had a magnificent smile …that made you want to smile when you were with her. She was always willing to help anyone she could. She enjoyed traveling and was always ready for a road trip, listening to country music, line dancing at the Country Cabin, crocheting, drawing, raising flowers,
and bird watching, she was an avid animal lover. But Debbie’s most treasured moments were those spent with her family…especially
her grand babies and great- grand babies, she loved them all with all her heart and soul.
Debbie was preceded in death by her mother Effie Dean Baker and father Jim Baker. Survivors include her husband of 47 years Ricky Hampton-Pound, VA; her sons, Ricky Dean Hampton and wife Randi- Dover, FL. and Kevin Hampton and wife Rebekah-Evarts, KY; grandchildren, Tessa Hampton, Kenny Hampton, Josh Hampton, Brent Graham, Rylee Hicks, Kaley Stidham (Zack) Austin Reynolds (Megan) Jake Hampton,
Blake Short and Jaxon Short; great grandchildren, Jayden Stidham, Maverick Reynolds, Deklyn Gilliam, Zariah Arthur and Adley Funk ; her sisters, Ruth Barnes and husband Don- Clintwood, VA, Polly Phipps
and husband Leon- Lynn Haven, FL and Lucille Mullins- Panama City, FL her brother James Ray Baker and wife Mona-Pound, VA; best friends, Doris Reed and Sherry Browning; several nieces, nephews and cousins
and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Wednesday February 28, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Troy Belcher, Reverend Randy Carter and Reverend Junior Belcher officiating. The
family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Thursday February 29, 2024 at the Baker/Cox Cemetery on Osborne Gap Road-Clintwood, VA where her grandsons will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends
are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 10:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Debora Jean Hampton.
CLINCHCO VA – Bobby Ray Grubb, 85, passed away Saturday February 24, 2024 from the Bristol Regional Medical Center.
Bobby was of the Baptist faith. He was a retired coal truck driver with 62+ years of experience. He had an unbelievable work ethic, and a strong belief in providing for his family. He mowed and weedeated until last fall. Bobby was very mechanically inclined, he loved to tinker with and work on almost anything. He was a jack of all trades, there wasn’t much he couldn’t fix or fabricate. Bobby also enjoyed gardening, reading western books and watching westerns.
He also liked hunting and fishing earlier in his life.
Bobby was preceded in death by his parents, Robert and Anna Lucille (Sawyer) Grubb; sisters and brothers -in-law Shirley and Theo Newsome and Faye and Johnny Kelly; mother and father-in-law Charlie and Maxie Mullins; brother-in-law Jack Wood; and sisters-in-law Sheila Mullins and Linda Reynolds.
Survivors include his wife of 64 years, Sharon (Mullins) Grubb-Clinchco, VA; his daughters Jennifer McMillan and husband Ricky-Clinchco, VA and Darlene Blagg and husband Dennis-Big Stone Gap, VA; his son Derek Grubb and wife Lynne- Canton, GA; grandchildren, Stephanie Hernandez and husband Christopher, Jessica O’Quinn and
husband Jared Christian Grubb and wife Kim, Dustin Grubb and fiance’ Pearl, Meagan Blagg and Isabella Blagg; great grandchildren Aviree Moore and Griffin Moore; a sister Darlis Wood-Charlotte, NC; brothers-in-law Larry Mullins and wife Viola and Gary Mullins and wife Teresa Mullins; several nieces, nephews and cousins; special friend Woody Hollon; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Monday February 26, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Pastor Rob Kneppe officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Tuesday February 27, 2024 at Dewey Memorial Cemetery-Pound, VA where family members and friends will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 10:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Bobby Ray Grubb.
On February 15, 2024, at the age of 72, Scotty Moore, finished his race, entered into eternity, and saw his Savior face to face.
Scotty’s faith, like all true believers, was in Christ and in Christ alone for salvation. Scotty served his savior at both First Baptist Church in Belfry, KY and West End Baptist Church in Big Stone Gap, VA. He was a loving father, papaw, uncle and friend.
He was an avid fisherman who enjoyed teaching his grandchildren about the hobby he loved. He made many fishing trips with friends Dave King and Steve Mullins and loved to tell big tales when reminiscing about these trips.He had other special friends, including Gary Layne, Lloyd Carroll and Terry Maynard who meant a great deal to him.
Scotty never met a stranger and was kind to everyone he knew. He was a great neighbor and friend, taking care of many that lived on his block. Some of his most special neighbors were Rudolph and Pauline Layne.
Another of his hobbies included woodworking. He was very good at this and loved making things for people. His children’s homes are full of his creations.
He loved the game of basketball and could always be found in the stands cheering for his children and grandchildren as well as doing his best refereeing from the stands with his buddy, Robbie Sturgill. You knew he was in the gym because he would always be yelling for a player to make a bounce pass or he would be correcting a referee on the call that he just made. And don’t forget no one ever meant to foul. The Kentucky Wildcats were his favorite team. He raised his children to bleed blue. But nothing ever topped the love he had for his grandchildren’s teams and how supportive he was of them.
He loved Fox News, fudge rounds, and diet Coke on ice. And no one could scout out a better hotdog than he could. One of his favorite pastimes was to visit Dairy Queen for breakfast and have conversations about politics with his friends that gathered there
each morning.
He loved his family more than anything and would do anything for them. He was a great man, and an even better father and grandfather.
Scotty was preceded in death by his grandparents , Lester and Edna Cather, his mother Margaret Moore, his uncle Bill Cather, who was more like a father to him, his uncle Pickle Cather, and his precious grandson Nate Jordan.
Survivors include his wife Cookie Moore, his children Courtney Jordan (Donnie), and Zack Moore, his grandchildren, Annie Jordan, Noal Jordan, Abigail Jordan, Aubrey Moore and Drake Moore, his sister Michelle Thorn, a special cousin, Chip Cather, and numerous nieces and nephews, all of whom he loved dearly.
Funeral services will be conducted on Monday, February 19, at Baker Funeral Home in Pound, VA, with Pastor Josh Tompkins and Johnny Boggs officiating. The family will receive friends from 6:00 pm until time of services at 7:00 pm.
POUND, VA – Evans Leon Meade, 91 peacefully entered into heaven Tuesday February 13, 2024 at his home surrounded by his family.
Leon was a proud veteran of the United States Navy, having served during the Korean War. Leon was a mechanic and one of the best. He worked at Virginia Concrete in Northern Va for many years and after moving back to Pound in 1976, he retired as Chief Mechanic with19 years of outstanding service from Wise County Public Schools as Chief School Bus Mechanic.
Leon was a man of great faith and never waivered even in the deepness of dementia, he would often call out to his Lord and Savior in praise. He and his precious wife, Anna Lee attended Hamilton Chapel in Pound as long as their health would allow. Leon loved his Lord, his family and his country.
Leon was proceeded in death by his loving devoted wife of 60 years, Anna Lee Robinson Meade; infant daughter Mary Lee Meade; son Jeffery Leon Meade; his parents Ottis and Daphne Meade (known to everyone as Daddy and Mommy Meade); brothers Clyde, Hurcell, Sammie, Ottis J.R.; Jimmy; and Freddie Lyal Meade. Sisters Inez Wilson, Cleo Stallard, Emma Paskall and Ruth Ann Meade; mother and father-in-law Flara and Hobart Robinson and Furbaby Kadence Grace.
Survivors include daughter Angela Barnette (Donald Baldwin), of Pound VA ; daughter-in-law Rhonda Faye Meade of Ruther Glen, VA; Grandchildren Joshua Meade (Kathleen) and Brandon Meade (Jessica) both of Stafford, VA and Angelica Grace Barnette (Austin Dellorso) of Bristol, TN; Great-grandchildren Hunter, Mason, Connor, Julia, Colton, and Jameson Meade. Sister Janet Bell, Lancaster, OH. Furbabies Octavia Grace and Melody Grace; many nieces, nephews, cousins, and friends to mourn his passing.
Funeral services for Leon will be Saturday, February 17, 2024 with a visitation from 11:00 am until 1:00 pm. Funeral services will be at 1:00 pm following the visitation in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel, Pound, VA with Rev. Greg Cyphers, Rev. Burns Robinson and Rev. Randy Carter officiating.
Military services will be performed by the Whitesburg VFW Post 5829 in the funeral home parking lot.
Graveside services will follow at the Ottis & Daphne Meade Family Cemetery on Victory Hill in Pound, VA. Where pallbearers will be Angelica Barnette (Austi Dellorso); Joshua Meade (Kathleen); Brandon Meade (Jessica); Angela Barnette (Donald Baldwin); Adam Hughes; Dean Vanover; Bo McArthur; and Randy Carter.
Honorary pallbearers will be great-grandchildren Hunter, Mason, Connor, Julia, Colton, and Jameson Meade; Dr. Christopher Basham; Russell Varner; Greg Cyphers; Burns Robinson; and Kristine Wongchow.
In lieu of flowers memorial contributions may be made to the Ottis & Daphne Meade Family Cemetery Fund, 11529 Meade Fork Rd, Pound, VA 24279.
Baker Funeral Home is proudly serving the Evans Leon Meade family.
WISE, VA – Mrs. Alberta R. Buchanan, 95, entered peacefully into eternity Saturday February 10, 2024 from the Norton
Community Hospital.
Alberta was of the Baptist faith, she was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, sister, aunt and friend. Alberta
lived a long and graceful life, she believed in the old ways of doing things. Whether it was planting the garden or preserving your harvest, there were certain ways of doing things. Planting and canning by the signs, making soap or stirring off apple butter. Alberta loved quilting sewing and crocheting, she had made many beautiful pieces. She was known for her detailed work. She loved cooking and feeding her family and friends. It was just one of the many ways she showed her love for them. She loved her family more than life itself. Alberta was the family historian, she could accurately recall all types of information…names, dates, how people were related or how to do things. She was a living encyclopedia of knowledge. She was the last survivor of her generation.
Alberta was preceded in death by her husband William Alexander Buchanan, Sr.; her son Michael Buchanan; her parents Jarvey Robinson and Darki Sylvania (Stanley) Robinson; her sisters Earlie, Missouri, Dine
Avie, Artie and Olive; and her brothers Ernie Adam, John, Jimmy, Kenneth and Bepo.
Survivors include her son Willam A. Buchanan, Jr.-Wise, VA; her granddaughter Savanna Buchanan-Wise, Va; her great-granddaughter Allison Short; numerous nieces, nephews and cousins; special friend
Wilma Stanley-Wise, VA; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Tuesday, February 13, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Kelly Fleming officiating. The family will receive friends from 11:00 am until time of
services.
Burial will follow in the Hutchinson Cemetery on Duncan Gap Road-Wise, VA where family members and friends will serve as pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Alberta R.
Buchanan.
DANVILLE, WV- Randy “Boot” Mullins, 65, went home to be with the Lord on Sunday January 29, 2024, peacefully at his home.
Randy was born November 16, 1958 in Norton , VA to Curtis and Shirley Mullins. He was raised in Pound, VA and attended Pound High School where played football, golf and baseball. It was there that he met the love of his life Tammy Mullins, whom he married in 1983. During their 41 years of marriage they were blessed with a beautiful daughter
Kirsten Mullins and four grandchildren Alessandra, Erik, Anastasia and Randy “Lukas-James”.
Boot worked in the coal industry for over 40 years in many capacities, from a heavy equipment operator to a mine manager. He was an avid reader, especially history. Hunting for arrowheads and other artifacts
were a passion of his. He was never ending with his knowledge and abilities- whether it was building a closet, bandaging a boo boo, or knowing every location on a map or obscure historical fact. The only thing to constantly elude him was the capability to hit one button at a time on his phone or remote.
However his greatest love was his family. He loved going to concerts with Tammy, riding his corvette with Alli while blasting oldies rock music with the top down, fishing with Ana on the boat or riverbank, he loved
golfing behind their home with Kirsten. They had an ongoing competition to see who could hit the most ducks. He loved watching his girls play sports and supported them in all their endeavors. He also loved his
grandson and looked forward to all the things he was going to teach him. Traveling together, watching scary movies, fine dining, and going on ghost tours throughout the country were some of his favorite activities.
He was always ready for the next adventure.
Boot was preceded in death by his parents Curtis and Shirley Mullins; his in-laws Goldie and Richard Mullins; and his grandson
Erik Winfree.
He is survived by his wife Tammy Mullins-Danville, WV; his daughter Kirsten Winfree-Charleston, WV; his grandchildren
Alessandra Mullins, Anastasie Winfree and Randy “Lukas James”; his brother and sister-in-law Donnie and Janie Mullins-Wise, VA;
his nephews David and Brad Mullins; and a host of loved ones.
Memorial services will be conducted at 6:00 pm Friday February 9, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
In lieu of flowers the family asks that donation be made to the American Heart Association.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Randy “Boot” Mullins.
JENKINS, KY- Doris Evelyn (Holbrook) Hall, 90, passed away on Tuesday January 30, 2024 at Letcher Manor-Whitesburg,
KY. her loving daughter was at her side. It was only 12 days after her beloved husband Kenneth had passed away.
Doris was a loving wife, mother,
grandmother and great-grandmother. She was a Christian and a member of Hemphill
Freewill Baptist Church- Jackhorn, KY. She loved going to church. Doris was an avid reader, especially medical books,
she enjoyed reading about natural and holistic alternatives to conventional medicines. Doris enjoyed cooking and sewing, she taught herself how to embroider. Doris was always ready
for a road trip, short or long, and to go shopping…but her greatest joy was spending time with her children and her grandchildren.
Doris was preceded in death by her devoted husband of 55 years Kenneth Hall; her parents, Sherman and Malvery (Phillips)
Holbrook; a daughter Karen Kiser; a grandson, Michael Wayne Hayes; a sister, Janice Hall; brothers, Gene Holbrook, Martin
Holbrook, Charles Holbrook, Johnny Holbrook and Larry Holbrook; and a son-in-law, Marty Carter.
Survivors include her daughters, Kenna Webb and husband Jeff-Jenkins, KY and Denita Carter-Burdine, KY; grandchildren,
Shequenna Fleming, Shannon Collins and husband Adam, Keanna Kincaid and Amanda Carter; 10 great grandchildren; sisters, Linda Holbrook- Murfreesboro, TN and Katherine Davis and husband Doug- Haymond, KY; a brother Verlis Holbrook and fiance' Doreen McCoy-Haymond, KY; several nieces, nephews and cousins; her church family; and a host of friends and loved ones to mourn her passing and cherish her memory.
Funeral services will be conducted at 1:00 PM Saturday February 3, 2024 at the Hemphill Freewill Baptist Church-Jackhorn, KY with Pastor Danny Hurst officiating. The family will receive friends from 11:00 AM
until time of services.
Burial will follow in the Holbrook Cemetery-Neon, KY where family
and friends will serve as pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Doris Evelyn Hall and extends our deepest sympathy to the family.
NORTON, VA – Paul Craig Reynolds, 69, passed away Monday January 22, 2024 at Holston Valley Medical Center. His family was by his side.
Paul was of the Christian faith. He grew up in Columbus, Ohio and moved to southwest Virginia during his senior year of high school
where he graduated from Ervinton High School. He earned an Associates Degree from Mountain Empire Community College and worked for a while as a forest ranger at Natural Tunnell State Park before going back to MECC and graduating from the heating and air program. Paul was a master HVAC technician, having worked in the field for over 40 years. He was the owner/operator of HVAC Services and a jack of all trades. He could repair almost anything. Paul was
dedicated to his customers and made service calls at all hours of the day and night. He loved playing chess, reading and taking pictures. He also like to take walks through the mountains and just enjoy the natural beauty. Paul loved fishing and raising flowers and a variety of plants. He loved traveling, and enjoyed riding in the big trucks with his sons and their drivers. Paul was an avid Ohio State fan and adored his grandkids. He also loved his border collie Dakota.
Paul was preceded in death by his parents Paul and Shirley (Runyons); and a brother Regan Reynolds.
Survivors include his sons Chris Reynolds and wife Carey-Norton, VA and Jason Reynolds and wife Brandi-Norton, VA; his grandchildren Elizabeth Reynolds, Brayden Reynolds, Jacob Reynolds, Bryana Reynolds and fiance’ Caden Addington and Molly Reynolds; his great-grandchild Oaklyn Jean Addington, his companion Kim Baker-Norton, VA; his bonus son Brice Mullins -Wise, VA; his bonus grandson Derek
Mullins; his sister Paula Reynolds-Norton, VA ; his former wife and the mother of his children Anita Reynolds-Norton, VA; his nieces, nephews and cousins; his beloved border collie Dakota; and a host of
friends, neighbors and customers.
The family would like to extend a special thank you to Paul's caretakers Shiela, Morgan, Amanda and Chelsea and April and the in center staff at Fresenius Dialysis Center in Norton, VA.
Celebration of life services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Friday January 26, 2024 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend
Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Paul Craig Reynolds
POUND, VA- Daisy (Johnson) Mullins, on Sunday January 14, 2024, we said our last good-bye to our beloved mother,
grandmother, great grandmother and great-great grandmother.
Daisy Johnson Mullins was born on April 24,1924 on Three Mile Road near Dorton, KY to Ben H. Johnson and Martha Braham
Johnson. Making her stay here 99 years, 8 months and 22 days.
In 1944 she married the love of her life, Sid Mullins and to this union was born nine children. Leroy, Juanita Carol, John Paul,
George, Deborah, Betty, Barbara, Redonna and Shelby
In 1967 mom joined the Old Regular Baptist Church and was a member of the Caney Fork Church. In 1975 dad was ordained a deacon and later ordained minister. For years mom made the
communion bread and wine.
She loved to make things for her family and was a prolific quilter and loved to crochet. She was known best as “Miss Daisy’
who made fried apple pies for churches, hospital employees,
Friendship Home Health employees, and many community members. Mom’s younger friends called her “their mother”
and mom was “grandma” to many little children.
Preceding her in death are her husband, Sid Mullins; her son George Harry Mullins; her parents, Ben and Martha (Branham)
Johnson; a granddaughter, Stephane Ann; two great granddaughter, Nakisha Dawn and Aubrey Lynn; sisters, Fanny France,
Lottie Marion and Dixie Mercer; brothers, Buster Johnson, Harry Johnson, George Johnson and Luther Johnson; daughter -in-
laws, Jenny Poteet-Mullins and Sherry Browning-Mullins; and son -in-law, David Rutherford.
Surviving are eight children, Leroy Mullins- Big Stone Gap, VA, Juanita Carol Rutherford, John Paul Mullins, Deborah Ann Mullins of Wise, VA, Betty Jo Tucker (Don)-El Paso, TX, Barbara Gail Hilton (Larry), Redonna Syd Bowman (Lynville) and Shelby Jean Roberts (Greg) of Wise, VA; 25 grandchildren; 48 great-grandchildren; 15 great-great- grandchildren and numerous nieces, nephews, lots of friends and her church family. Her special granddaughters, Sarah
and Leslye who were her caregivers whom she loved very much and her fur baby Chipper Jones who was her constant companion. She will be missed by her family, but we know she believed in the hope that she would be with dad in glory.
Funeral services will be conducted at 6:00 pm Thursday January 18, 2024, in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Elder Jerry
Newsome , Elder Steve Lyall and Reverend Bill Craft officiating. The family will receive friends from 4:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 12 noon Friday January 19, 2024, at the Laurel Grove Cemetery- Norton, VA. where grandson will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 11:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home- Pound, VA is serving the family of Daisy (Johnson) Mullins.
POUND, VA – Charles Kevin Mullins, 58, entered his eternal reward
Monday January 8, 2024 from the UVA Hospital in Charlottesville, VA
after a long and courageous battle with cancer. His loving and devoted
family was at his side.
Kevin was a Christian of the Baptist faith and had attended the Flat Gap Missionary Baptist Church. He was a 1983 graduate of Pound, High School. He retired from Mulligan Lumber as a sawman with approximately 27 years of service. Kevin believed in working to provide for his family and received a perfect attendance award nearly every year.
Kevin was married to the love of his life Kelly (Maggard) Mullins, for 36 ½ years. They were constant companions and had been since they were high school sweethearts. Kevin loved watching his son Tyler play ball and coach later. He himself coached little league baseball and football and helped many young athletes learn about the importance of a team effort, win or lose. He enjoyed playing golf and video games and collecting baseball cards. Kevin liked a variety of music and was a big time animal lover, especially his dachshund Molly. He loved the beach, but he loved Molly more and would often stay home with her while the rest of the family traveled. He was an avid Kansas City Chief and Michigan Wolverine fan.
Kevin was a loyal friend, always the first to step in and help when someone needed it, even without them asking. He was quiet till he had something to say, then he was quick witted and had some awesome one liners. Kevin liked a lot of simple things in life, a coca cola and a cheeseburger, ribs or catfish and he especially loved his Mom’s home cooking. He thought there were some things people shouldn’t take for granted, some of the most important to him were being a good son, a good husband, a good dad and a good friend.
All of which he did exceptionally well.
Kevin was preceded in death by his sister Bethany Renee Hamilton.
Kevin is survived by his wife Kelly Mullins-Pound, VA; his son Tyler
Mullins and wife Rachael-Pound, VA; his parents Larry and Liz (Dingus)
Mullins-Pound, VA; his niece Zoe Mullins and fiancé Charlie Rasnic-
Pound, VA; his brother-in-law Michael Hamilton-Pound, VA, several
nieces, nephews and cousins; a host of close friends and loved ones and his beloved dachshund Molly.
The family would like to thank everyone for the prayers, support and
love they have received during Kevin’s journey.
As per Kevin’s wishes, he will be cremated and there will be no public
services. There will be a celebration of life gathering at a later date.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Charles Kevin
Mullins.
NEON, KY- Barbara Jean (Garrett) Holland, 87, made her Heavenly journey home on December 16, 2023, from the Whitesburg ARH- Whitesburg, KY.
Barbara was born May 9, 1936, in Haymond, Kentucky to Archie and Mattie (Hall) Garrett. On July 5,1957 she married the love of her life and her high school sweetheart John K. Holland. They became the blessed parents of four children. She was a member of Haymond Freewill Baptist
Church for over 40 years where she taught Sunday school. Barbara was also a volunteer at God’s Country Closet for nine years, a member of Fleming Neon City Council for 12 years and had the honor to be a Kentucky Colonel. She enjoyed reading and doing cross word puzzles. but she hated to cook!
Durning John’s military career, she lived in many places, different states and countries…but none compares to where she is now. Barbara is resting now in Heaven where there are no more worries or aggravations. All is peace for ever more. She is in the arms of Jesus.
Barbara was preceded in death by her loving husband, John K. Holland; two daughters, Tracey Holland and Sherry Jo Holland; a son, John Holland Jr; her parents, Archie and Mattie (Hall) Garrett; a sister, Delores Mullins; and two brothers Archie Garrett Jr. and Larry Garrett.
Survivors include her son, Brett Holland and wife Tina- Neon, KY; grandsons, Nick Holland and companion Maria- Neon, KY and Cody Holland-Neon, KY; brothers, Jeff Garrett and wife Dana-Bristol, TN and Jack Garrett and wife Carol- Bristol, TN; good friends, Janice Banks, Sharon Little, Rita
Jones, Wendell and Dorcas Austin, Billy and Delores “P-Jib” Johnson; several nieces, nephews and cousins; grandogs, Dixie and Marley; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Tuesday December 19, 2023, at the Haymond Freewill Baptist Church-
Haymond, KY with Reverend Danny Mullins, Reverend Wendell Austin and Reverend Jimmy Johnson officiating.
Burial will follow in the Hall Cemetery-Fleming, KY with Nick Holland, Cody Holland, Chantz Little, Ricky Burke, John-Michael Collins, Frank Short Jr., Ben Sparks and Chester Johnson will serve as pallbearers. Emory “Fudge” Mullins is an honorary pallbearer.
Visitation will begin at 6:00 pm Monday December 18, 2023, at the Haymond Freewill Baptist Church-Haymond, KY. There will be a 7:00 pm evening service.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Barbara Jean Holland
COEBURN, VA – Fitzhugh Lee Short, 81, entered into eternity Sunday December 10, 2023 from his residence. His loving family was at his side.
Fitzhugh spent most of his life in Pound, VA, he and Marglo recently moved to Coeburn, VA to be with their children. He was a member of the Worldwide Church of God. Fitzhugh was a retired miner and a member of the United Mine Workers of America. He had 23 years of service with Westmoreland Coal as a surface miner and heavy equipment operator. Fitzhugh was also a Veteran of the United States Army.
Fitzhugh loved playing softball and coached for many years in the Pound Little League and Senior League. He enjoyed fishing and walking in the mountains with his dogs. He enjoyed reading especially the Bible and Louis L’Amour western novels. He liked western movies and old TV shows like Andy Griffith. Fitzhugh loved joking and pulling pranks on people. But his greatest joy was the time he spent with his kids, grandkids and great-grandkids.
Fitzhugh was preceded in death by his parents Harry and Mildred (Peak) Short; a brother Micah Andrew Short; and a stepson Joseph Cecil Oris, Jr.
Survivors include his loving wife of 58 years Marglo (Davis) Short-Coeburn , VA; his daughters Kimberly Diane Lunsford and husband Mark-Coeburn, VA, Rebecca Benton and husband Brent-Wallace MS, and Cynthia Suzette Short-Bristol, TN; his son Fitzhugh Lee Short, Jr.-Coeburn, VA; his stepson Jackie Oris-Crofton, KY; grandchildren Forrest Lunsford, Hunter Lunsford. Courtney Blanton, Josh Short, Brittany Phelps, Chase Benton and Landon Benton; great-grandchildren Everlee Lunsford, Hazel Lunsford, Ayden Gilbert, Vjorn Traylor, Jaden Short, Bryleigh Short and Camden Chisenhall; his sisters Carolyn Short -Knoxville, TN and June Mullins and husband James-Pound, VA; his brothers Irvin Short and wife Joan-Pound, VA and Lewis Short and wife Mary-Pound, VA; several nieces and nephews and cousins; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Friday December 15, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Elder Irvin Short officiating. The family will receive friends from 11:00 am until time of services.
Whitesburg VFW Post 5829 will perform military services in the funeral home parking lot prior to leaving for the cemetery.
Burial will follow in the Laurel Grove Cemetery in the Ramsey section of Norton, VA.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Fitzhugh Lee Short.
Ronnie Lee “Shorty” Hensley, 78, entered eternity on December 5, 2023, with his loved ones by his side.
Ronnie was born in Scott County on August 4, 1945. He was a proud and loving husband, father, grandfather, great-grandfather, son, brother, and friend to many. Ronnie was a retired coal miner with 20 years of experience. He enjoyed the simple things in life like being in nature, woodworking, a good cup of coffee, and being in the company of those he loved.
Ronnie was well known for his expertise in making moonshine that he mostly gave away and would enjoy a good chew of tobacco at times.
Ronnie was married to Cassalee for 58 years and together they raised three children who have gone on to give them five grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren. Ronnie leaves behind a legacy of a life well-lived having instilled the values of honesty, hard-work, and kindness in each generation after him.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Walter and Mary Rose (Jarrett) Hensley, brothers, Walter “Buster” Hensley, Larry Hensley and Gary Hensley; sisters, Lois Hubbard, Debbie Hensley, Betty Cable and Annabelle Ayers.
Survivors include his loving wife, Cassalee, and their three children Ronnie Hensley (Ruth), Abby Jessee (Michael), and Amy Mullins (Jonathan “Rabbit”); grandchildren Kacie Salomonsky (Reid), Christian Jessee (Clarissa), Marshall Hensley (Haylee), Samantha Webb (Patrick), and Jacob Mullins; great-grandchildren Nolan, Norah, Kylee, Laniey, Josey, Tatum, and Callie; his sisters, Mary Jo Hubbard, Claudia McGrevey (Russell), Sue Edwards, Lynda Justice, Margaret Mendez (Antonio) and Bea Vanhuss; a brother Bobby Hensley; numerous nieces and nephews; and a host of friends that he considered family.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Thursday December 7, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Rev. Carrol Childress officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 2:00 pm Friday December 8, 2023 at the John Hop Mullins Cemetery in Pound, VA where Ronnie Hensley Jr, Marshall Hensley, Christian Jessee, Jonathan Mullins, James Frances Hubbard, Arron Mullins, Michael Jessee, and Rondall Mullins will serve as pallbearers.
Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 1:00 pm to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Ronnie Lee "Shorty" Hensley.
POUND, VA – Flaudean Bolling, 96, entered peacefully into eternity Thursday November 30, 2023 from Tazewell Heritage Hall. Her loving family was at her side.
Flaudean was a Christian and a 20 year member of the Pound Presbyterian Church.She was a loving wife, mother, grandmother, sister and friend. Flaudean was an avid reader, it was her way of
relaxing. She loved to drive and travel, she was always ready for a road trip with her friends or family. She also loved to dance. Flaudean had an adventurous personality, she loved to laugh and have a good time. She truly wanted to make people happy. She
cherished the time she spent with her beloved family. She was very patriotic and loved her country. Flaudean was quick to tell
everyone “ I have had a good life”.
Flaudean was preceded in death by her parents John S. and Anna (Jessee) Beverly; her husband Carlos “Bull” Bolling, a
grandson Joshua Baker; a brother Kyle Beverly; a sister Audrey Doan; a niece Nancy Munal; and a special friend Mildred Odell.
Survivors include her daughter Paige Greene and husband Micheal -Columbia, SC; her son Randy Bolling and wife Cathy-Cedar Bluff, VA; grandchildren Joelle Bolling, Sarah Wright, Lucas Jones and Marissa Jones; great-grandchildren Mackenzie Bolling, Gracie Bolling, Emily Wright, Anna Wright, Foster Wright, Kiera Jones and Ziah Baker; several nieces, nephews and cousins; special friends Jeanette Cantrell and Darlene Bowman; and a host of friends and loved ones.
There will be a gathering of family and friends from 3:00 pm till 5:00 pm Monday December 4, 2023 in the Baker Funeral
Home Chapel. As per Flaudean’s wishes everyone is asked to dress casually.
In lieu of flowers donations may be made to the Pound Rescue Squad, the Pound Presbyterian Church or a charity of your
choice.
Private entombment services will be held at a later date.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Flaudean Bolling.
EOLIA, KY – Delbert Clay Sturgill, 73, passed away peacefully
Friday November 10, 2023 at his home. He was surrounded by his loving
family. Clay was of the Baptist faith and worked as a loader operator for
many years at North Fork Mining in Partridge, KY. He enjoyed fishing,
long rides on his four wheeler, working on cars and watching a good
western on TV or reading a good western book. But what Clay loved
the most was the time he spent with his family, and seeing his little
Caroline would always brighten his day. He was a veteran of the
United States Army having served during the Vietnam War. Clay was preceded in death by his parents Denver and Lola Bell
(Hubbard) Sturgill and a sister Anna Maggard
Survivors include his wife of 23 years, Linda (Huges) Sturgill
of the home; his daughters, Lisa Renee Sturgill-Missouri, Tiffany
Sturgill-Eolia, KY and Kim Seals-Eolia, KY; sons Darin Sturgill-
Colorado, Mickael Sturgill and wife Josette-Pound, VA, John Bush-
Eolia, KY. Jamie Bush- Eolia, KY, William Bush- Eolia, KY and Jimmy
Govreu-Missouri: grandchildren, Elijah, Ethan, Timmy, Caroline,
Jaxson, Denver, Elizabeth, Travis, Anthony, Abby, Gavin, Payton, Dusty,
Garrett, Josette and Angelique; sisters, Norma Adams and husband
Ted-Eolia, KY, Linda Short and husband Darrell-Eolia, KY, Louise Boggs
and husband Paul-Pound, VA and Jeanette Back and husband David-
Eolia, KY; brothers Ray Sturgill and wife Liz-Indiana, Harold Sturgill
and wife Debbie-Pound, VA, Raymond Sturgill and wife Mary-Pound,
VA, Darrell Sturgill and wife Eileen -Wise, VA and Jimmy Sturgill-Pound, VA;
several nieces, nephews and cousins; and host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 6:00 pm Sunday November 12,
2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy Carter
officiating. The family will receive friends from 4:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 12 noon Monday November
13, 2023 at the Mullins/Sturgill Cemetery on Bear Fork Road-Pound,
VA where family members and friends will serve as pallbearers.
Family members and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral
Home by 11:00 am to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Whitesburg VFW Post 5829 will perform military honors on the funeral
home parking lot prior to leaving for the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Delbert
Clay Sturgill.
POUND, VA – Lilly Belle Brace blessed this world with her presence for 10 months and 12 days before passing away in the arms of her Mommy and Daddy on Sunday November 5, 2023 at the Niswonger Children’s Hospital. She was surrounded by
her immediate family.
Lilly was born December 24, 2022 at Pikeville Medical Center during a snow and ice storm. And although she was born with some special issues, she was a fighter from day one. She far exceeded all the expectations of her original medical prognosis. Everything was done on “Lilly Time”, she was a “Spicy Jalapeno” who would raise her eyebrows before belting out a cry. She eventually loved having her family running their fingers through her hair and having her feet kissed. Lilly was a “Pinky Up Proper Girl” with her precious little
pinkies often standing up, just one of the physical side effects she endured. She loved music, especially her special music box designed by Mae Robertson with its soothing melodies and sounds. Lilly loved her light up Linkimals with their beautiful colors and sounds, as well as her kitty cats and her boxer Daisy. She truly was one of the most beautiful little girls ever.
Through all these trying times Lilly’s family was able to see some of the truly kind acts that people who were complete strangers do for others. And although they were too many to list the family would like to extend as special thank you to the Pikeville Medical Center, the Pound Rescue Squad, the Niswonger Children’s Hospital, Hospice and Palliative Care of Virginia, the Yellow Door
Foundation of Charlottesville, VA, and the Guardian Riders of Bristol, TN.
Lilly Belle was preceded in death by her paternal great-grandmother Shirley Trent; and her maternal great-grandparents Harrison and Mary Easter (Muncy) Maggard.
Survivors include her parents Destiny Parrigan and Jeffrey Brace-Pound, VA, her sister Lana Jane Brace-Pound, VA ; her maternal grandparents Mary Bond-Pound, VA and Shane Ratliff-Florida; her paternal grandparents Jeff and Christy Brace-Pound, VA; special uncle Josh Bond-Pound, VA; special aunt and uncle Kerri “Sissy”
Brace and Aaron “Unkie” Brace-Pound, VA; special aunts Amy Alexander-Wise, VA, and Anna Salyers-Coeburn, VA; bonus aunt
Tara Fraley-Coeburn, VA; several aunts, uncles and cousins; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Celebration of life services will be held at 7:00 pm Wednesday November 8, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with
Reverend Mark Stallard and Reverend Randy Carter officiating.
The family will receive friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Lilly Belle will be laid to rest Thursday November 9, 2023 at the Brace Family Cemetery on South Fork Road-Pound, VA
where the Guardian Riders will serve as honorary pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Lilly Belle Brace.
Sheila Anderson Ulmer, 83, of Bourbon, IN, passed away on Tuesday, October 31, 2023 in her home.
On October 25, 1940, Sheila Maxine Anderson was born near Pound, VA, up Laurel Fork near a beautiful pear tree. She was born to Moscoe and Clara (Adams) Anderson, the third daughter in a big ole mess of kids. Sheila ran those hills and hollers until the age of 15, when she moved to northern Indiana. She graduated from Atwood High School in 1959. She was a hairdresser and owned her own beauty shop. She was a member of the Etna Green United Methodist Church. Sheila lived for her children, her grandchildren, and her devoted husband, Jerry whom she married in March of 2005. There were many passions in Sheila’s life, which included master gardening, quilting, reading, attending her grandchildren’s sports events, growing beautiful hostas, ferns, daylilies, irises, and numerous perennials. She planted a forest of trees of many different varieties.
Sheila is preceded in death by her parents; her sisters: Garnell Anderson; Lena Keith; her brother, Duran Anderson; her stepson, Rod Ulmer; and her granddaughter, Katie Kosins.
Sheila is survived by her husband, Jerry; her brothers: Gerald Anderson; Charles (Sandy) Anderson; Michael Rose; Jeffery Rose; and her sisters: Peggy Shepherd; and Phyllis (Emil) Slone; her daughters: Bobbi (Eric) Kosins; Traci (Ken) McDavitt; and Ashley (Joe) Doll; her stepchildren: Jerry (Jan) Ulmer; Kim (Ed) Hickman; her grandchildren: Aaron (Michelle) Kosins; Corey (Katie) Kosins; Jordan Kosins; Schuyler (Julie) Stutzman; Lindsay (Devin) Shively; Savannah (Trevor) Gappa; Madeline Doll; Lena Doll; Clara Doll; and Hayden Doll; as well as nine great-grandchildren.
A visitation will be held on Saturday, November 4, 2023 from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. at Etna Green Methodist Church (131 W Broadway St, Etna Green, IN 46524).
A funeral service will follow at 1:00 p.m. with Pastor Kenneth Cooke officiating.
Graveside services will be held at 11:00 am Monday November 6, 2023 at Dewey Memorial Cemetery (Pound, VA) with Baker Funeral Home of Pound VA assisting. Family and friends are asked to meet at the cemetery by 10:45 am.
Memorial donations may be made to Triton Trojans Sports Network (MCCF/TTSN Scholarship Fund, P.O. Box 716, 2680 Miller Drive, Suite 120, Plymouth, IN 46563).
Deaton-Clemens Funeral Home-Bourbon, IN is serving the family of Sheila Anderson Ulmer.
WISE, VA – Sherry Genell Branham, 70, went to be with her Lord Tuesday October 31, 2023 from the Bristol Regional Medical Center. She was surrounded by her loved ones.
Sherry was of the Baptist faith, she had a warm and pleasant personality. She enjoyed people and never met a stranger. “ Sissy
Sherry” as she was known to her family, was a wonderful cook. She made a career out of her joy of feeding people and spent many years offering this skill at some of the best restaurants in the area.You probably had some of her delicious food at Dari Barn or the Coal Bucket in past years. This carried over into her love of feeding her family and making the best home-made banana
pudding you ever tasted. She was also a lover of thrillers, scary movies and telling ghost stories. She liked to talk on the CB radio where her handle was "Super Blonde". Sherry enjoyed spending time with her family sharing laughs and tales of times past. She could make anyone laugh until they cried. She spent the last several years living side by side with her beloved sister Mam who managed to get her into all sorts of shenanigans during their time together. It is only fitting that in death they shall rest side
by side so they can continue their funny antics.
Sherry was preceded in death by her parents Delmar and Leona (Mullins) Meade; brothers Jess Meade, General Meade, Newman Meade, Jerry Meade and Tommy Meade; and sisters Myrtle Hollyfield, Zelma South, Carzella Osborne and Glenda Rachel
“Mam” Fleming.
Survivors include her son Stuart Branham-Wise, VA; special nieces Melinda Stanley, Becky Short and Lea Adkins; special
great-nieces Eavan Muncy and Sidney Cress; numerous nieces, nephews and cousins; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 7:00 pm Friday November 3, 2023, in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive
friends from 5:00 pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Saturday November 4, 2023, at the Arvil Mullins Cemetery on Meade Fork Road in Pound, VA where pallbearers will be Paul Meade, Billy Stanley, Jeffrey Osborne, Ryan Adkins, Aidan England
and Stuart Branham.
Family and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 10:00 am for the final viewing and to prepare to go in
procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Sherry Genell Branham.
WISE, VA- ‘Sitting on the porch with his new companion Snoopy, watching the deer, feeling the heat of the warm sunshine and enjoying the beautiful world God had created, the Lord Jesus told our dad it was
time to come Home to be with Him for eternity.”
On Wednesday October 25, 2023 Dallas Bruce Shell went home to be with his Lord that he loved to talk about and had served and been faithful to for so many years. He loved to attend his family church, Mountain View Freewill Baptist Church on Pole Bridge Road in Wise, VA. When he was able, he was an avid fisherman, carpenter and
woodworker. As he and Carma Lee lived their lives they taught their children many useful life lessons, but the most precious lesson of all was the importance of giving
their life to and serving the Lord.
Bruce was born to Jasper and Mary Belle (Green) Shell on July 9, 1930. He was skilled carpenter and later taught carpentry at the Manpower Training Center at Wise County Technical School for 21 years until his
retirement. He was a veteran of the United States Army having served during the Korean Conflict. He was a member of the Korean War Veterans and Pound, VFW Post 9600, where he previously served as Post Commander.
Bruce was preceded in death by his beloved wife Carma Lee Shell; daughter Regina Sue Shell Davis; parents Jasper and Mary Bell Shell; daughter-in-law Pamela Shell; brother Raymond Shell; and sisters Fannie Collier, Georgie Cooper and Roxie Hubbard.
Surviving are his sons Michael Shell and wife Sheila, Stephen Shell and wife Lola and Thomas Shell and wife Velma; brother Henry Shell and wife Beulah; grandchildren Steve Shell Jr. and wife Jamie, Jessica Maiden and husband Bobby, Miranda McDonald and husband Tony, Portia Martinez and husband Michael, Abby Mullins and Brian Davis and
wife Jenny; great-grandchildren Derek Mullins, Ty McDonald, Elijah McDonald, Levi Davis, Lillie Davis, Luke Davis, Hudson Maiden, Jonah Maiden and Gavin Densmore; several nieces and nephews; and a host of friends and loved ones.
Funeral services will be conducted at 2:30 pm Sunday October 29, 2023 at the Mountain View Freewill Baptist Church with his son Reverend Tommy Shell, Elder Stacy
Potter and Reverend Mike Jordan officiating.
The family will receive friends from 1:00 pm until time of services.
Military graveside services will follow in the Mountian View Cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Dallas Bruce Shell.
HAYSI, VA – Laura Lynn Shiina, 54, entered into eternity Tuesday October 24, 2023 from Norton Community Hospital. Her loving family was at her side.
Laura was of the Christian faith. She was born December 20, 1968 in Detroit , MI to her parents Thomas Cichy and Sandra
(Franks) Cichy. Laura was always artistically talented and mechanically gifted. She graduated college with a bachelors
degree in computer automated design and was a veteran of the United States Navy where she served as an aircraft mechanic.
Laura had also worked as an automotive and diesel mechanic. She was an incredible artist and could draw anything. She loved
arts and crafts. Laura enjoyed caring for others, always putting their needs ahead of her own. She was always cleaning and
straightening things up, she loved cooking, especially making everyones favorite dish for them. Laura was always the center of the social circle, she loved gossiping, telling and listening to stories. She loved to run the roads, always looking for a good deal or finding something unique or just seeing somewhere new. She was always just fun to be around. She loved all kinds of music, classic rock, motown and country. She
enjoyed a good movie, a couple of her favorites were Oh Brother Where Art Thou and Good Fellas. Laura loved her dogs, Apollo the Boxer and Sissy the Pitbull were two of her favorites before they passed away.
Laura was preceded in death by her parents Thomas and Sandra Lou (Franks) Cichy; and her wife Angela Michaels.
Survivors include her daughters Paige Hollis and companion Don Mullins-Clinchco, VA and Melissa Garrett-Clintwood, VA; her sons Anthony Shiina and companion Lexi Powers-Norton, VA, Jeff Shiina and wife Bethany-Haysi, VA and Justin Michaels-Florida; her grandchildren Emi Lynn Shiina, Matthew Michaels, Bailey Ann Lucas, Colton Andrew Garrett, Priscilla Louise Garrett and one on the way Rain Laura Dawn Shiina; her sister Lisa Cichy-Florida; her brother Todd Cichy-Michigan; mother-in-law Dale Hernandez Holland-Florida; brother-in-law Michael Lee Hollis;
special friends Marnie Lucas-Grand Rapids MI, Sammy Coppola-California and Jessica Compton; several other relatives and loved
ones; and her dear old dog Marley the Chihuahua.
Celebration of life services will be held at
2:00 pm Sunday October 29, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Laura Lynn Shiina.
POUND, VA- Audie Wayne Collier, 67, passed away Peacefully into eternity Tuesday October 24,2023 from Pikeville Medical Center- Pikeville, KY after a long illness.
Audie was Christian of the Baptist faith and attended Martha’s Chapel Church when his health would allow him. He was a loving husband, father, grandfather, brother, uncle
and friend. Audie worked in the coal industry for over 20 years as a drill operator and retired due to health reasons from A&G Coal Company at the age of 52. He was an avid
UK basketball fan, enjoyed watching old western on tv, going to drag races and dirt track racing. Audie had a kind soul and would do anything he could for someone. He will be deeply missed by his friends and family. Audie remained heartbroken the last three years since the death of his wife
Susie.
Audie was preceded in death by his wife, Helen Marie “Susie Church” Collier; his son Shawn Keith Collier; his parents, Arlie
Collier Sr. and Arlene Anderson Collier; a brother, Arlie Collier Jr and a special friend, Eddie Bevins.
Survivors include granddaughter, Sarah Collier Bloomer and husband Brian - Pennington Gap, VA; a sister, Audrey Slemp
and husband Jimmy -Pound, VA; sister-in-law, Vivian Collier- Pound, VA; nieces, Jessee Mullins and Jeremy, Patti Owens and
Ethan, Kristi Rasnick and Travis, Heather Franklin and Brian and Holly Collier ; nephews, Greg Slemp and Christy, David
Slemp and Courney and several great nieces and nephews along with a host of cousins and friends and loved ones.
Graveside services will be conducted at 1:00 pm Thursday October 26, 2023 at the Dewey Cemetery- Pound, VA with Reverend Jimmy Slemp and Reverend David Slemp officiating.
Where family members will serve as pallbearers. Family and friends are asked to meet at the funeral home by 12 noon to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
A special thank you to the staff at Pikeville Medical Center for their excellent care of Audie and to the in-home nurses who
came weekly to care for him., also to Lifecare Ambulance Service for their continued support over the past 5 years.
In lieu of flowers, the family asks that donations be made to :Pound Rescue Squad - PO Box 711 Pound, VA 24279.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Audie Wayne Collier.
BLUEFIELD, WV – Robert “Bobby” Edward Harris Messer, 81, went home to be with the Lord Sunday, October 22, 2023 from his home. He was surrounded by his loving family.
Bobby was preceded in death by parents Anderson and Arlene Messer; his adoptive parents James and Irene Maggard Harris; his
brothers Harold, Wade, Wayne, David, Donald and Paul Messer; his first wife and mother of his children Nancy Obenshain Messer; his adopted brothers Charles and Roger Harris and sisters Patricia Phillips and Betty Sue Peters.
Survivors include his loving wife of 24 years Diane (Hampton) Messer-Bluefield, WV; his four children Tamara and James Cawthon-Manassas, VA, Adam and Kerry Messer-Williamsburg, VA, Tony Messer-Manassas,
VA and Andy and Mireille Messer-Winston-Salem NC; two stepsons Tim and Jessica Hampton-Bluefield, VA and Brad Sergeant-Bluefield, WV; 14 grandchildren; sisters Linda Vanover and companion Bill Mullins-Pound, VA and Carol Riley and husband John-Pound, VA; brothers Ronnie Ratliff and wife Lavern-Pound, VA and Greg Harris-Pound, VA; special friends, Butch and Sandy Coleman- Rocky Gap, VA and Wanda Green-Bluefield, VA; several nieces, nephews and cousins;
and a host of friends and loved ones.
Bobby’s mother passed away when he 3 years old and he was raised by his uncle James and Irene Harris. He attended school in Pound, VA and went to work in Manassas, VA where he married Nancy Obenshain
and they raised their four children. Bobby was a licensed plumber and worked for a construction company, then later had his own business. In the 90’s he moved back to Pound, VA and met his wife Diane. Diane’s job was transferred to Bluefield, WV where they presently live. Robert, Diane and Brad attended and were active members of
Heritage Baptist Church in Bland, VA. He was an avid bowler, he also enjoyed watching old tv shows, Andy Griffith and Gunsmoke being
two of his favorites and he loved his dogs and his cat.
In the past few months Diane’s sister Wanda Green and Bobby’s stepson Brad lovingly helped care for him.
Funeral services will be conducted 1:00 pm Friday October 27, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Greg
Cyphers and Reverend Travis Price officiating. The family will receive friends from 11:00 am until time of services.
Burial will follow at Mt. Zion Cemetery-Pound, VA where Tony VanHuss, Jonas Riley, Marcus Riley, Jackie Phillips, Haskel Phillips,
Donnie Harris, Ricky Dean Hampton, Tim Hampton and James Sergeant will serve as pallbearers.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Robert Edward Harris Messer.
WISE, VA - Bertha Ellen Smith, born April 1, 1941, passed away Friday October 20, 2023 at her home. She was surrounded by her
loving family.
Bertha was of the Christian faith. She was a homemaker and a caregiver who had taken care of generations of her family. If you
were sick, Bertha was the one who cared for you. One of her specialties was making a mean hot totty that could cure about
anything. She loved to cook and feed everybody. Bertha loved old country music, some of her favorite singers were Conway
Twitty, Loretta Lynn and Elvis Presley. She loved to dance andflat footing was her specialty. Bertha enjoyed watching and
fussing at the television, The Waltons, Heat of the Night and Walker Texas Ranger were some of her favorite shows. But Bertha’s greatest joy was caring for her kids, grandkids and great-grandkids.
Bertha was preceded in death by her parents Carlos and Hazel Mullins; two grandchildren Kristi Smith and Jeffery Smith; five sisters Nancy Whited, Ruthie Kilgore, Naomi Sartin, Trudy Stuart and Jo Bernice Mullins; and one brother Cossie Mullins.
Bertha is survived by her four children Tammy Marcum and Johnny Ramey, Timothy Smith, Bobby Smith and Carolyn and
Chris Hughes; her grandchildren Felicia and Adam Wright, Brittany and C J Adkins, Ashley and Buck Ratliff, Robert and McKinley Smith, Josh and Adrianna Smith, Parker Smith,
Brantley Branham, Michael and Amy Smith, Jamie Smith, Caitlyn Hughes and Cesar Olguin and Joel Hughes; her great-
grandchildren Hayley, Lexi, Amelia, Ava, Isiah, Zara, Mallory, Jaxson, Alivia, Landon, Leo, Zachary, Victoria and two on the
way; her four sisters Fran Mullins, Rhonda Lewis, Carrie Ratliff and Regeania Mullins; her six brothers Merdie Mullins, Roy Mullins, Johnny Mullins, Jim Mullins, Connie Mullins and Bill Mullins, numerous nieces, nephew sand cousins, special friends Renee Wilson and April Mullins from In-Home Health and
Brianna Hutchison and all the nurses from Caris Hospice; and a host of family and friends.
Funeral services will be conducted at
7:00 pm Monday October 23, 2023 in the Baker Funeral Home Chapel with Reverend Randy Carter officiating. The family will receive friends from 5:00pm until time of services.
Graveside services will be conducted at 11:00 am Tuesday October 24, 2023 at the Riley Mullins Cemetery where Adam Wright, C J Adkins, Timothy Smith, Bobby Smith, Josh Smith, Robert Smith,Chris Hughes and Buck Ratliff will serve as pallbearers. Family
and friends are asked to meet at Baker Funeral Home by 10:00 amfor a final viewing and to prepare to go in procession to the cemetery.
Baker Funeral Home-Pound, VA is serving the family of Bertha Ellen Smith.
POUND, VA – Newton Arnold McCoy, 80, passed away on Thursday October 5, 2023, at the Norton Community Hospital
after several years of declining health which had left him bedridden.
Newton was born June 2,1943 on Bold Camp in Pound, VA. He was a 1961 graduate of Pound High Scholl where he played football and other sports. He later went on to further his education at Emory & Henry College and ETSU. After graduating, Newton briefly taught school at Clintwood and Coeburn before later becoming an Insurance Adjuster which would frequently take him away from home for months at a time when hurricanes or other natural disasters would strike. Some years later he would also pass the bar exam and practiced law for a time before his health deteriorated. When he was able, he attended Hamilton Chapel Church. Newton loved to read, play golf, watch football and watch his favorite television shows. While he was still able, he enjoyed taking day trips with Irene and their dogs.
Newton was preceded in death by his parents Kermit and Ada (Smith) McCoy; two daughters, Valerie Lynn McCoy and infant daughter, Casey McCoy and his son Colley Brennen McCoy.
Survivors include his wife of 42 years Irene (Paragon) McCoy-Pound VA; his son Conner McCoy and companion Heather Cox-Pound,
VA; step grandchildren Ray Lane and M
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A database of political history and
cemeteries, with brief biographical entries for 320,919
U.S. political figures, living and dead, from the 1700s to the present.
| null |
Politicians buried here: Samuel Steel Blair (1821-1890) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Indiana, Indiana County, Pa., December 5, 1821. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1856 (member, Credentials Committee); U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 18th District, 1859-63. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., December 8, 1890 (age 69 years, 3 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
Samuel Calvin (1811-1890) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Washingtonville, Montour County, Pa., July 30, 1811. Whig. Lawyer; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 17th District, 1849-51; delegate to Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1873. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 12, 1890 (age 78 years, 225 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Married to Rebecca Blodget. See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
Jesse Lee Hartman (1853-1930) — also known as Jesse L. Hartman — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Cottage, Huntingdon County, Pa., June 18, 1853. Republican. Delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1900 (alternate), 1904 (alternate), 1908, 1924, 1928; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 19th District, 1911-13. Died February 17, 1930 (age 76 years, 244 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
Thomas Jackson Baldrige (1872-1964) — also known as Thomas J. Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., April 5, 1872. Republican. Lawyer; common pleas court judge in Pennsylvania, 1910-21; Pennsylvania state attorney general, 1927-29; superior court judge in Pennsylvania, 1929-43. Baptist. Member, American Bar Association; Union League. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., January 27, 1964 (age 91 years, 297 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Laura (Mattern) Baldrige and Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1842-1895); brother of Howard Hammond Baldrige; married, April 18, 1917, to Anna Dean; nephew of Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige; uncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); grandson of Joseph Baldrige; granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); first cousin of William Lovell Baldrige; second cousin once removed of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin once removed of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
John A. Lemon (1827-1895) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in 1827. Republican. Member of Pennsylvania state senate, 1873-80, 1889-95 (21st District 1873-74, 35th District 1875-80, 1889-95); died in office 1895; Pennsylvania state auditor general, 1881-84. Died September 16, 1895 (age about 68 years). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Plymouth Warren Snyder (1851-1943) — also known as Plymouth W. Snyder — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 1, 1851. Republican. Druggist; member of Pennsylvania state house of representatives from Blair County 2nd District, 1911-14; member of Pennsylvania state senate 30th District, 1915-26. German ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Royal Arch Masons; Knights Templar; Royal and Select Masters. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., December 19, 1943 (age 92 years, 293 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Jacob Snyder and Sarah C. (Bowers) Snyder; married to Cora Eleanor Moore. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Harry Jacob Anslinger (1892-1975) — also known as Harry J. Anslinger — of Altoona, Blair County, Pa.; Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Altoona, Blair County, Pa., May 20, 1892. Employed with Pennsylvania Railroad until 1916; Pennsylvania state fire marshal, 1916-17; Foreign Service officer; U.S. Vice Consul in Hamburg, 1921-23; La Guaira, 1923-25; U.S. Consul in Nassau, 1925-26; Assistant U.S. Commissioner of Prohibition, 1929-30; U.S. Commissioner of Narcotics, 1930-62. Member, Sigma Nu Phi. Died November 14, 1975 (age 83 years, 178 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Rosa Christina (Fladt) Anslinger and Robert John Anslinger; married to Martha (Denniston) Leet. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige (1848-1913) — also known as Edwin R. Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., June 10, 1848. Republican. Superintendent of blast furnaces (for making steel); later in business to provide ganister stone for lining blast furnaces; postmaster at Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1901-05. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., March 8, 1913 (age 64 years, 271 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Joseph Baldrige and Sophia (Frampton) Baldrige; married to Emma Virginia Lovell; father of William Lovell Baldrige; uncle of Howard Hammond Baldrige and Thomas Jackson Baldrige; granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); great-granduncle of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); second cousin of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Aristide Rodrigue Traugh (1848-1931) — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Pennsylvania, January 30, 1848. Democrat. Printer; newspaper publisher; postmaster at Hollidaysburg, Pa., 1913-22. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., August 21, 1931 (age 83 years, 203 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Orlando Abraham Traugh and Sarah Dean (Cannon) Traugh; married, June 8, 1898, to Christina C. Bender. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
William Lovell Baldrige (1869-1947) — also known as W. Lovell Baldrige — of Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa. Born in Bennington, Blair County, Pa., May 28, 1869. Republican. Manager of a limestone quarry; delegate to Republican National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1912. Died in Hollidaysburg, Blair County, Pa., January 3, 1947 (age 77 years, 220 days). Interment at Hollidaysburg Presbyterian Cemetery.
Relatives: Son of Edwin Rockefeller Baldrige and Emma Virginia (Lovell) Baldrige; married to Ione Condron; grandson of Joseph Baldrige; first cousin of Howard Hammond Baldrige and Thomas Jackson Baldrige; first cousin once removed of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1894-1985); first cousin twice removed of Howard Malcolm Baldrige (1922-1987); second cousin once removed of Carl Clifford Baldrige; fourth cousin once removed of Henry Clarence Baldridge. Political family: Baldrige family of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. See also Find-A-Grave memorial
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Thomas/Morgan and Thomas/Rees Families
My Gr/Gr/Grandfather was William Thomas. In Machen on 25.Dec.1821 at 40, he married Elizabeth Morgan at 40, a resident of Machen. His son Thomas in July 1859, also married in Machen to an Elizabeth Rees also of Machen. Anybody have knowledge of thes 2 local families, or have knowledge of which church etc, they were both married at? Norman. Everson (Machen)
My paternal family came from Machen, my great grandad being William John (1881) his father being Sidney (1859) and his father William (1822) Have lots of info already but always on the hunt for more, if I can be of any help to anyone please contact me, and please get in touch if you think you may any have details at all. Nokes/Machen
I am looking for anyone with a connection to the surname Nokes in Machen. I have the names Evan and Mary Nokes associated with that place. New Row
Please has anyone any information on New Row Machen, how old are the houses, who were the builders etc, thanks The Everson's from Machan
My Great Grandfather Mark Everson was born in 1898 in Risca. His father, William Everson was born in Machan in 1869. William's parents, Mark & Sarah Everson had several other children including, Mark J Everson (born 1864), Rhoda Everson (born 1873), Owen Everson (born 1878), Mary Everson (born 1880). This is just part of the Everson family. Any other information would be greatly appreciated. HICKS, Machen and Altoona
Josiah Duane Hicks was born in Machen, Monmouthshire, S. Wales, on 1st August 1844 and emmigrated to Pennsylvania, U.S.A., with his parents in 1847. He was elected as a republican to the Congress 1893-1899. He died in ALTOONA, Philadelphia, on 9th May 1923 and was buried in Fairview Cemetery. A Machen Hicks would like to contact his descendents. ABBIGAIL MILLER - PLEASE CONTACT ME AGAIN - my emails have been returned
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Famous People Named Josiah
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Ever thought about how many famous people named Josiah are out there? This list of celebrities named Josiah will show you the most prominent people with that ...
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en
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/img/icons/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
Ranker
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https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-named-josiah/reference
|
Ever thought about how many famous people named Josiah are out there? This list of celebrities named Josiah will show you the most prominent people with that name, along with pictures and additional information about them when available. The famous Josiahs below include actors named Josiah and athletes named Josiah, but this list also includes doctors, teachers, or politicians named Josiah who are notable in their fields. Some of the notable Josiahs below include Josiah Bartlett, Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, and Josiah Spaulding.
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https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-named-josiah/reference
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Famous People Named Josiah
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2017-02-13T00:00:00
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Ever thought about how many famous people named Josiah are out there? This list of celebrities named Josiah will show you the most prominent people with that ...
|
en
|
/img/icons/touch-icon-iphone.png
|
Ranker
|
https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-named-josiah/reference
|
Ever thought about how many famous people named Josiah are out there? This list of celebrities named Josiah will show you the most prominent people with that name, along with pictures and additional information about them when available. The famous Josiahs below include actors named Josiah and athletes named Josiah, but this list also includes doctors, teachers, or politicians named Josiah who are notable in their fields. Some of the notable Josiahs below include Josiah Bartlett, Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, and Josiah Spaulding.
|
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3956
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https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/josiah-duane-hicks-24-p34m
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en
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Josiah Duane Hicks, b.1844 d.1923
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Josiah Duane Hicks born 1844 in Machen, Monmouthshire, Wales genealogy record - Ancestry®.
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https://www.ancestrycdn.com/astro-seolopp/assets/favicon-8bf6a704.ico
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https://www.ancestry.com/genealogy/records/results?firstName=josiah&lastName=hicks
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Public Member Trees
This database contains family trees submitted to Ancestry by users who have indicated that their tree can be viewed by all Ancestry subscribers.These trees can change over time as users edit, remove, or otherwise modify the data in their trees. You can contact the owner of the tree to get more information.
Private Member Trees
This database contains family trees submitted to Ancestry by users who have indicated that their tree can only be viewed by Ancestry members to whom they have granted permission to see their tree.These trees can change over time as users edit, remove, or otherwise modify the data in their trees. If you would like to view one of these trees in its entirety, you can contact the owner of the tree to request permission to see the tree.
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https://www.facebook.com/groups/473436942760018/posts/hello-everyone-its-me-again-we-are-an-argentinean-couple-with-a-1-year-old-baby-/6895116713925310/
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https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/research-guides/modern-biographical-files-ndl.html
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Modern Biographical Files in the Navy Department Library
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Introduction Use and Reproduction Policy Web Accessibility Statement Biographies List: A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O| P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Y | Z
|
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http://public2.nhhcaws.local/research/library/research-guides/modern-biographical-files-ndl.html
|
Introduction
The Modern Biographical Files are located in the Navy Department Library's Rare Book Room. They are a combination of files collected by the Library and a ready reference collection of duplicate flag officer files formerly housed in the Archives Branch of the Naval History and Heritage Command.
These files have been accumulated since the early 20th century by the Navy Department Library to provide historical information to US Navy personnel and other researchers, both official and unofficial. The files are particularly noted for biographical coverage of senior U.S. Navy officers who served during the Second World War and the Cold War-era, though their contents range from the Interwar period (1919-1939) through the War on Terrorism. For biographical information from the late 18th through the early 20th centuries, see the Navy Department Library's ZB files and Officers of the Continental and U.S. Navy and Marine Corps 1775-1900 ]. Also see Navy Personnel: A Research Guide.
Many of the files consist of individual officer biographies produced during the 1950s through the 1970s by the Navy Office of Information, Internal Relations Division; the Navy Office of Information, Biographies Branch; and the Division of Naval Records and History (OP 29). Additional material consists of newspaper clippings, journal articles, change of command/retirement brochures, and biographies printed from the websites of the Navy Chief of Information and Arlington National Cemetery. Materials continue to be added to these files. Although a majority of the files consist of between two to four pages, a few contain up to four linear inches of material.
Use and Reproduction Policy
Biographical files are unavailable for loan and must be consulted in the library. With regard to non-copyrighted materials, the use of digital cameras without flash is encouraged. Photocopying is generally prohibited, though permission to photocopy a few pages may be granted by the Reference staff, contingent upon the physical state of the documents. All photocopying of materials shall be done by the Reference staff, or under their close supervision. The use of personal scanners by non-library staff must be approved by the Reference staff on a document-by-document basis (Reference: Naval Historical Center Instruction [NAVHISTCENTINST] 5070.1C.).
Web Accessibility Statement
Many of the documents on the NHHC Web site are in HTML or ASCII (plain text) formats. These formats are generally accessible to people who use screen readers. We also have a large number of documents in Adobe Acrobat® Portable Document Format (PDF). PDF format is used to preserve the content and layout of our hard copy publications. Publications in PDF can only be viewed and printed using the Adobe Acrobat Reader®, version 3.0 or higher. You can download and get help using the Acrobat Reader at the Adobe Systems, Inc. site. The downloadable Acrobat Reader software is available at NO CHARGE from Adobe.
Please note, there is a known issue with paragraph, or <p></p> tags appearing at the beginning of PDF files, which may cause difficulties with some screen readers. We are working with our vendor on a fix for this issue. If you are experiencing difficulties, and would like obtain this information in a different format, please email us: NHHC_library@us.navy.mil.
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https://www.infoplease.com/biographies/government-politics/josiah-duane-hicks-pa
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Josiah Duane HICKS, Congress, PA (1844-1923)
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2017-03-05T23:34:50-05:00
|
HICKS Josiah Duane , a Representative from Pennsylvania; born in Machen, Wales, August 1, 1844; immigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Chester County, Pa., in 1847, and in the same year moved to Duncansville, Pa.
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https://www.infoplease.com/biographies/government-politics/josiah-duane-hicks-pa
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Current Events
View captivating images and news briefs about critical government decisions, medical discoveries, technology breakthroughs, and more. From this page, you'll see news events organized chronologically by month and separated into four categories: World News, U.S. News, Disaster News, and Science & Technology News.
We also collect a summary of each week's events, from one Friday to the next, so make sure you check back every week for fascinating updates on the world around to help keep you updated on the latest happenings from across the globe!
Current Events 2023
Check out the November News and Events Here:
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A
B
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The collection of folklorist and art professor A. Doyle Moore (1931-2013) contains materials Moore compiled in the course of his research on the autoharp, a musical instrument patented in 1882, and C. F. Zimmerman, a German immigrant and accordion maker who invented the autoharp and manufactured the instrument in Philadelphia, Pa., at the end of the nineteenth century. Materials include Moore's notes, Zimmerman's manuscript autobiography and a translated transcription, songbooks, sheet music, music charts, instructional manuals for the autoharp from the 1890s, manufacturers' catalogs and advertisements, newspaper clippings, articles, and printed items related to contemporary auto harpist John Kirby Snow.
N
O
P
R
S
T
U
The collection consists of two award-winning submissions for the Center for the Study of the American South's Sounds of the South Award for Undergraduate Research, 2011-2012, and contains field recordings, logs, award proposals, and final reports. Acquired as part of the Southern Folklife Collection.
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https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LK67-X2L/josiah-duane-hicks-1883-1952
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FamilySearch.org
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Discover your family history. Explore the world’s largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources.
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Hastings Reminder
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"stories",
"articles",
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Read about past stories and search through our records of obituaries.
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https://www.hastingsreminder.com/archives
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3956
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dbpedia
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Hot Male Actors Over 60
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IMDb
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Best known for his starring role as Det. Sonny Crockett on the hugely successful TV series Miami Vice (1984), Don Johnson is one of the stars who really defined the 1980s. As James "Sonny" Crockett he went toe-to-toe with drug dealers, pimps, prostitutes, assassins, illegal arms-dealers and crooked cops on a weekly basis from 1984 to 1989, appearing in a grand total of 110 episodes. The show, which was executive-produced by four time Oscar-nominated director, producer and writer Michael Mann, paired Johnson with the equally cool Philip Michael Thomas as Det. Ricardo Tubbs and the calm and stoic presence of Edward James Olmos as Lt. Martin Castillo. It revolutionized television with its modern fashion, pop music, unique style and use of real locations. Johnson typically wore $1000 Armani, Versace and Hugo Boss suits over pastel cotton T-shirts, drove a Ferrari 365 GTS/4 Daytona (later a Ferrari Testarossa) and lived on an Endeavour 42-foot sailboat named "St. Vitus' Dance" with his pet alligator Elvis. He also had full use of an offshore powerboat. Still, "Miami Vice" had not only style but substance, and his portrayal of the Vietnam veteran turned vice detective turned Sonny Crockett into the world's favorite cop. For his work on "Miami Vice" Johnson won a Golden Globe for Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series in 1986, and was nominated in the same category a year later. He also picked up an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1985.
Johnson was born in Flat Creek, Missouri, the son Eva Lea "Nell" (Wilson), a beautician, and Wayne Fred Johnson, a farmer. As a kid, he wanted to become a professional bowler. Later, after a few brushes with the law at a young age, he discovered acting. After working on the stage for a while he ventured into films and television, but was not able to break into stardom despite, among other things, starring in the sci-fi cult classic Der Junge mit dem Hund (1975).
Johnson starred in four failed TV pilots before landing his career-high role on "Miami Vice", which propelled him to superstardom. He directed four highly praised episodes of the show. He balanced his work on the series by appearing in a praised TV-movie adaption of the William Faulkner novel Flammender Sommer (1985) and the feature Sweethearts Dance - Liebe ist mehr als nur ein Wort (1988) with Susan Sarandon. After the series ended he focused solely on his film career. Although movies like Dead Bang - Kurzer Prozess (1989), The Hot Spot - Spiel mit dem Feuer (1990) and Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (1991) did not fare well with the critics, quite a few of them have obtained a considerable cult following, with fans praising them as all being quality contributions to their genre. His film work has given Johnson the opportunity to work with legendary filmmakers like John Frankenheimer, Sidney Lumet and Dennis Hopper.
After working steadily, Johnson returned to TV in 1996 with the cop show Nash Bridges (1996). The show, which Johnson created and produced, did very well. It co-starred Cheech Marin and Jodi Lyn O'Keefe. Johnson played the title role, a captain in the San Francisco PD's Special Investigations Unit. He was again paired with a flashy vehicle, this time an electric-yellow 1971 Plymouth Barracuda convertible. After "Nash Bridges" went off the air Johnson kept a low profile, but continued to appear in films and on television. He starred in the failed WB courtroom drama Just Legal (2005), which was produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, and traveled to Europe to make the Norwegian screwball comedy Lange flate ballær II (2008) and the Italian films Bastardi (2008) and Torno a vivere da solo (2008). As a supporting actor, he's been seen in mainstream films such as Machete (2010), Django Unchained (2012) and Knives Out: Mord ist Familiensache (2019).
Johnson had two pre-fame marriages that were annulled within a matter of days. In the early 1970s, he lived with rock groupie Pamela Des Barres. In 1972, Tippi Hedren, his co-star in The Harrad Experiment (1973), allowed him to date her daughter Melanie Griffith despite the fact she was only 14 and he was 22; the relationship culminated in a six-month marriage during 1976. From 1981 to 1985, he lived with actress Patti D'Arbanville and they had one son together. After short-lived liaisons with Cybill Shepherd, Barbra Streisand and a barely legal Uma Thurman, he remarried Griffith in 1989. The couple divorced again in 1996, after she left him for Antonio Banderas. Johnson was engaged to "Nash Bridges" co-star O'Keefe, but broke it off before they made it to the altar. Since 1999 he's been married to former debutante Kelley Phleger, with whom he has three children.
Clinton Eastwood Jr. was born May 31, 1930 in San Francisco, to Clinton Eastwood Sr., a bond salesman and later manufacturing executive for Georgia-Pacific Corporation, and Ruth Wood (née Margret Ruth Runner), a housewife turned IBM clerk. He grew up in nearby Piedmont. At school Clint took interest in music and mechanics, but was an otherwise bored student; this resulted in being held back a grade. In 1949, the year he is said to have graduated from high school, his parents and younger sister Jeanne moved to Seattle. Clint spent a couple years in the Pacific Northwest himself, operating log broncs in Springfield, Oregon, with summer gigs life-guarding in Renton, Washington. Returning to California in 1951, he did a two-year stint at Fort Ord Military Reservation and later enrolled at L.A. City College, but dropped out to pursue acting.
During the mid-1950s he landed uncredited bit parts in such B-films as Die Rache des Ungeheuers (1955) and Tarantula (1955) while digging swimming pools and driving a garbage truck to supplement his income. In 1958, he landed his first consequential acting role in the long-running TV show Tausend Meilen Staub (1959) with Eric Fleming. Although only a secondary player the first seven seasons, he was promoted to series star when Fleming departed--both literally and figuratively--in its final year, along the way becoming a recognizable face to television viewers around the country.
Eastwood's big-screen breakthrough came as The Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's trilogy of excellent spaghetti westerns: Für eine Handvoll Dollar (1964), Für ein paar Dollar mehr (1965), and Zwei glorreiche Halunken (1966). The movies were shown exclusively in Italy during their respective copyright years with Enrico Maria Salerno providing the voice of Eastwood's character, finally getting American distribution in 1967-68. As the last film racked up respectable grosses, Eastwood, 37, rose from a barely registering actor to sought-after commodity in just a matter of months. Again a success was the late-blooming star's first U.S.-made western, Hängt ihn höher (1968). He followed that up with the lead role in Coogans großer Bluff (1968) (the loose inspiration for the TV series Ein Sheriff in New York (1970)), before playing second fiddle to Richard Burton in the World War II epic Agenten sterben einsam (1968) and Lee Marvin in the bizarre musical Westwärts zieht der Wind (1969). In Ein Fressen für die Geier (1970) and Stoßtrupp Gold (1970), Eastwood leaned in an experimental direction by combining tough-guy action with offbeat humor.
1971 proved to be his busiest year in film. He starred as a sleazy Union soldier in Betrogen (1971) to critical acclaim, and made his directorial debut with the classic erotic thriller Sadistico (1971). His role as the hard edge police inspector in Dirty Harry (1971), meanwhile, boosted him to cultural icon status and helped popularize the loose-cannon cop genre. Eastwood put out a steady stream of entertaining movies thereafter: the westerns Sinola (1972), Ein Fremder ohne Namen (1973) and Der Texaner (1976) (his first of six onscreen collaborations with then live-in love Sondra Locke), the Dirty Harry sequels Calahan (1973) and Dirty Harry III - Der Unerbittliche (1976), the action-packed road adventures Die Letzten beißen die Hunde (1974) and Der Mann, der niemals aufgibt (1977), and the prison film Flucht von Alcatraz (1979). He branched out into the comedy genre in 1978 with Der Mann aus San Fernando (1978), which became the biggest hit of his career up to that time; taking inflation into account, it still is. In short, Im Auftrag des Drachen (1975) notwithstanding, the 1970s were nonstop success for Eastwood.
Eastwood kicked off the 1980s with Mit Vollgas nach San Fernando (1980), the blockbuster sequel to Every Which Way but Loose. The fourth Dirty Harry film, Dirty Harry IV - Dirty Harry kommt zurück (1983), was the highest-grossing film of the franchise and spawned his trademark catchphrase: "Make my day." He also starred in Bronco billy (1980), Firefox (1982), Der Wolf hetzt die Meute (1984), City Heat - Der Bulle und der Schnüffler (1984), Pale Rider - Der namenlose Reiter (1985) and Heartbreak Ridge (1986), all of which were solid hits, with Honkytonk Man (1982) being his only commercial failure of the period. In 1988, he did his fifth and final Dirty Harry movie, Das Todesspiel (1988). Although it was a success overall, it did not have the box office punch the previous films had. About this time, with outright bombs like Pink Cadillac (1989) and Rookie - Der Anfänger (1990), it seemed Eastwood's star was declining as it never had before. He then started taking on low-key projects, directing Bird (1988), a biopic of Charlie Parker that earned him a Golden Globe, and starring in and directing Weißer Jäger, schwarzes Herz (1990), an uneven, loose biopic of John Huston (both films had a limited release).
Eastwood bounced back big time with his dark western Erbarmungslos (1992), which garnered the then 62-year-old his first ever Academy Award nomination (Best Actor), and an Oscar win for Best Director. Churning out a quick follow-up hit, he took on the secret service in In the Line of Fire: Die zweite Chance (1993), then accepted second billing for the first time since 1970 in the interesting but poorly received Perfect World (1993) with Kevin Costner. Next was a love story, Die Brücken am Fluss (1995), where Eastwood surprised audiences with a sensitive performance alongside none other than Meryl Streep. But it soon became apparent he was going backwards after his brief revival. Subsequent films were credible, but nothing really stuck out. Absolute Power (1997) and Space Cowboys (2000) did well enough, while Ein wahres Verbrechen (1999) and Blood Work (2002) were received badly, as was Mitternacht im Garten von Gut und Böse (1997), which he directed but didn't appear in.
Eastwood surprised again in the mid-2000s, returning to the top of the A-list with Million Dollar Baby (2004). Also starring Hilary Swank and Morgan Freeman, the hugely successful drama won four Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Eastwood. He scored his second Best Actor nomination, too. His next starring vehicle, Gran Torino (2008), earned almost $30 million in its opening weekend and was his highest grosser unadjusted for inflation. 2012 saw him in a rare lighthearted movie, Back in the Game (2012), as well as a reality show, Mrs. Eastwood & Company (2012).
Between acting jobs, he chalked up an impressive list of credits behind the camera. He directed Mystic River (2003) (in which Sean Penn and Tim Robbins gave Oscar-winning performances), Flags of Our Fathers (2006), Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) (nominated for the Best Picture Oscar), Der fremde Sohn (2008) (a vehicle for Angelina Jolie), Invictus - Unbezwungen (2009) (again with Freeman), Hereafter - Das Leben danach (2010), J. Edgar (2011), Jersey Boys (2014), American Sniper (2014) (2014's top box office champ), Sully (2016) (starring Tom Hanks as hero pilot Chesley Sullenberger) and 15:17 to Paris (2018). Back on screens after a considerable absence, he played an unlikely drug courier in The Mule (2018), which reached the top of the box office with a nine-figure gross, then directed Der Fall Richard Jewell (2019). At age 91, Eastwood made history as the oldest actor to star above the title in a movie with the release of Cry Macho (2021).
Away from the limelight, Eastwood has led an aberrant existence and is described by biographer Patrick McGilligan as a cunning manipulator of the media. His convoluted slew of partners and children are now somewhat factually acknowledged, but for the first three decades of his celebrity, his personal life was kept top secret, and several of his families were left out of the official narrative. The actor refuses to disclose his exact number of offspring even to this day. He had a longtime relationship with similarly abstruse co-star Locke (who died aged 74 in 2018, though for her entire public life she masqueraded about being younger), and has fathered at least eight children by at least six different women in an unending string of liaisons, many of which overlapped. He has been married only twice, however, with a mere three of his progeny coming from those unions.
His known children are: Laurie Murray (b. 1954), whose mother is unidentified; Kimber Eastwood (b. 1964) with stuntwoman Roxanne Tunis; Kyle Eastwood (b. 1968) and Alison Eastwood (b. 1972) with his first ex-wife, Margaret Neville Johnson; Scott Eastwood (b. 1986) and Kathryn Eastwood (b. 1988) with stewardess Jacelyn Reeves; Francesca Eastwood (b. 1993) with actress Frances Fisher; and Morgan Eastwood (b. 1996) with his second ex-wife, Dina Eastwood. The entire time that he lived with Locke she was legally married to sculptor Gordon Anderson.
Eastwood has real estate holdings in Bel-Air, La Quinta, Carmel-by-the-Sea, Cassel (in remote northern California), Idaho's Sun Valley and Kihei, Hawaii.
Richard Chamberlain became the leading heartthrob of early 1960s television. As the impeccably handsome Dr. James Kildare, the slim, butter-haired hunk with the near-perfect Ivy-League charm and smooth, intelligent demeanor, had the distaff fans fawning unwavering over him through the series' run. While this would appear to be a dream situation for any new star, to Chamberlain it brought about a major, unsettling identity crisis.
Born George Richard Chamberlain in Beverly Hills on March 31, 1934, he was the second son of Elsa Winnifred (von Benzon) (1902-1993) and Charles Axiom Chamberlain (1902-1984), a salesman. He has English and German ancestry. Richard experienced a profoundly unhappy childhood and did not enjoy school at all, making up for it somewhat by excelling in track and becoming a four-year letter man in high school and college. He also developed a strong interest and enjoyment in acting while attending Pomona College. Losing an initial chance to sign up with Paramount Pictures, the studio later renewed interest. Complications arose when he was drafted into the Unites States Army on December 7, 1956 for 16 months, serving in Korea.
Chamberlain headed for Hollywood soon after his discharge and, in just a couple of years, worked up a decent resumé with a number of visible guest spots on such popular series as Rauchende Colts (1955) and Mr. Lucky (1959). But it was the stardom of the medical series Stationsarzt Dr. Kildare (1961) that garnered overnight female worship and he became a huge sweater-vested pin-up favorite. It also sparked a brief, modest singing career for the actor.
The attention Richard received was phenomenal. True to his "Prince Charming" type, he advanced into typically bland, soap-styled leads on film befitting said image, but crossover stardom proved to be elusive. The vehicles he appeared in, Rufmord (1963) with Joey Heatherton and Joy in the Morning (1965) opposite Yvette Mimieux, did not bring him the screen fame foreseen. The public obviously saw the actor as nothing more than a television commodity.
More interested in a reputation as a serious actor, Chamberlain took a huge risk and turned his back on Hollywood, devoting himself to the stage. In 1966 alone, he appeared in such legit productions as "The Philadelphia Story" and "Private Lives", and also showed off his vocal talents playing Tony in "West Side Story". In December of that year, a musical version of "Breakfast at Tiffany's" starring Richard and Mary Tyler Moore in the sparkling George Peppard/Audrey Hepburn roles was headed for Broadway. However, it flopped badly in previews and closed after only four performances. Even today, it is still deemed one of Broadway's biggest musical disasters.
An important dramatic role in director Richard Lester's Petulia (1968) led Richard to England, where he stayed and dared to test his acting prowess on the classical stage. With it, his personal satisfaction over image and career improved. Bravura performances as "Hamlet" (1969) and "Richard II" (1971), as well as his triumph in "The Lady's Not for Burning" (1972), won over the not-so-easy-to-impress British audiences. And on the classier film front, he ably portrayed Octavius Caesar opposite Charlton Heston's Mark Antony and Jason Robards' Brutus in Julius Caesar (1970), composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Ken Russell's grandiose Tschaikowsky - Genie und Wahnsinn (1971) opposite Glenda Jackson, and Lord Byron alongside Sarah Miles in Die große Liebe der Lady Caroline (1972). While none of these three films were critical favorites, they were instrumental in helping to reshape Chamberlain's career as a serious, sturdy and reliable actor.
With his new image in place, Richard felt ready to face American audiences again. While he made a triumphant Broadway debut as Reverend Shannon in "The Night of the Iguana" (1975), he also enjoyed modest box-office popularity with the action-driven adventure films Die drei Musketiere (1973) as Aramis and a villainous role in Flammendes Inferno (1974), and earned cult status for the Australian film Die letzte Flut (1977). On the television front, he became a television idol all over again (on his own terms this time) as the "King of 80s Mini-Movies". The epic storytelling of Der Graf von Monte Christo (1975), Die Dornenvögel (1983) and Shogun (1980), all of which earned him Emmy nominations, placed Richard solidly on the quality star list. He won Golden Globe Awards for his starring roles in the last two miniseries mentioned.
In later years, the actor devoted a great deal of his time to musical stage tours as Henry Higgins in "My Fair Lady", Captain Von Trapp in "The Sound of Music" and Ebenezer Scrooge in "Scrooge: The Musical". Enormously private and having moved to Hawaii to avoid the Hollywood glare, at age 69 finally "came out" with a tell-all biography entitled "Shattered Love", in which he quite candidly discussed the anguish of hiding his homosexuality to protect his enduring matinée idol image.
Married now to his longtime partner of over 40 years, writer/producer Martin Rabbett, he has since accepted himself and shown to be quite a good sport in the process, appearing as gay characters in the film Chuck und Larry - Wie Feuer und Flamme (2007), and in television episodes of Will & Grace (1998), Desperate Housewives (2004) and Brothers & Sisters (2006). More recently, he has enjoyed featured roles in the films Strength and Honour (2007), The Perfect Family (2011), We Are the Hartmans (2011), Nightmare Cinema (2018) and Finding Julia (2019).
Alain Fabien Maurice Marcel Delon was born in Sceaux, Hauts-de-Seine, France, to Édith (Arnold) and Fabien Delon. His father was of French and Corsican Italian descent, and his mother was of French and German ancestry. His parents divorced early on, and Delon had a stormy childhood, being frequently expelled from school.
In 1953/1954 he served with the French Marines in Indochina. In the mid-'50s he worked at various odd jobs including waiter, salesman and porter in Les Halles market. He decided to try an acting career and in 1957 made his film debut in Yves Allégret's Die Killer lassen bitten (1957). He declined an offer of a contract from producer David O. Selznick, and in 1960 he received international recognition for his role in Luchino Visconti's Rocco und seine Brüder (1960). In 1961 he appeared on the stage in "'Tis a Pity She's a Whore", directed by Visconti, in Paris. In 1964 he formed his own production company, Delbeau Productions, and he produced a short film directed by Guy Gilles. In 1968 he found himself involved in murder, drug and sex scandal that indirectly implicated major politicians and show-business personalities, but he was eventually cleared of all charges. In the late 1960s he formed another company. Adel Film, and the next year he began producing features. In 1981 he directed his first film, Rette deine Haut, Killer (1981).
Delon was a sensation early in his career; he came to embody the young, energetic, often morally corrupted man. With his breathtaking good looks he was also destined to play tender lovers and romantic heroes, and he was a French embodiment of the type created in America by James Dean. His first outstanding success came with the role of the parasite Tom Ripley in 'Rene Clement''s sun-drenched thriller Nur die Sonne war Zeuge (1960). Delon presented a psychological portrait of a murderous young cynic who attempts to take on the identity of his victim. A totally different role was offered to him by Visconti in Rocco und seine Brüder (1960). In this film Delon plays the devoted Rocco, who accepts the greatest sacrifices to save his shiftless brother Simon.
After several other films in Italy, Delon returned to the criminal genre with Jean Gabin in Lautlos wie die Nacht (1963). This work, a classic example of the genre, was distinguished not only by a soundly worked-out screenplay, but also by the careful production and the excellent performances of both Delon and Gabin. It was only in the late 1960s that the sleek and lethal Delon came to epitomize the calm, psychopathic hoodlum, staring into the camera like a cat assessing a mouse. His tough, ruthless side was first used to real effect by Jean-Pierre Melville in Der eiskalte Engel (1967). In 1970 he had a huge success in the bloodstained Borsalino (1970)--which he also produced--playing a small-time gangster in the 1930s who, with Jean-Paul Belmondo, becomes king of the Marseilles underworld. Delon later won critical acclaim for his roles, against type, in Joseph Losey's Monsieur Klein (1976) in which he played (brilliantly) the icily sinister title role, and the art-movie Eine Liebe von Swann (1984). He has an older son Anthony Delon (who has also acted in a number of movies) from his first marriage to Nathalie Delon, and has a young son and daughter, Alain-Fabien and Anouchka with Rosalie.
Since starring in his first film, Fieber im Blut (1961), Warren Beatty has been said to have demonstrated a greater longevity in movies than any actor of his generation. Few people have taken so many responsibilities for all phases of the production of films as producer, director, writer, and actor, and few have evidenced so high a level of integrity in a body of work.
In Regeln spielen keine Rolle (2016), he writes, produces, directs and stars in. Only Beatty and Orson Welles (Citizen Kane) have been nominated by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as an actor, a director, a writer, and a producer for the same film. Beatty is the only person ever to have done it twice, for Der Himmel soll warten (1978) and again for Ein Mann kämpft für Gerechtigkeit (1981). Beatty has been nominated 15 times by the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences, and 8 films he has produced have earned 53 Academy nominations. In 1982 he won the Academy Award for Directing and in 2000 was given the Academy's highest honor, the Irving G. Thalberg Award.
He was awarded Best Director from the Directors Guild of America and Best Writer three times from the Writers Guild of America. He has received the Milestone Award from the Producers Guild, the Board of Governors Award from the American Society of Cinematographers, the Directors Award from the Costume Designers Guild, the Life Achievement Award from the Publicists Guild, and the Outstanding Contribution to Cinematic Imagery Award from the Art Directors Guild. The National Association of Theater Owners has honored him as Director of the Year, as Producer of the Year and as Actor of the Year.
He has won 16 awards from the New York and Los Angeles Film Critics, the National Board of Review, and the Golden Globes. In 1992, he was made a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters in France; in Italy he received the David di Donatello award in 1968 and again in 1981 and its Lifetime Achievement Award in 1998; in 2001, he received the Donostia Lifetime Achievement Award from the San Sebastian International Film Festival; in 2002, he received the British Academy Fellowship from BAFTA; and in 2011, he was awarded the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film.
In December 2004, Beatty received The Kennedy Center Honor in Washington, D.C. In addition, he is the recipient of the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Award, the HFPA Cecile B. DeMille Award and many others. Politically active since the 1960's, Beatty campaigned with Robert F. Kennedy in his 1968 presidential campaign. That same year he traveled throughout the United States speaking in favor of gun control and against the war in Vietnam. In 1972 he took a year off from motion pictures to campaign with George McGovern.
In 1981, Beatty was a founding board member of the Center for National Policy. He is a founding member of The Progressive Majority, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and has participated in the World Economic Forum at Davos, Switzerland.
Beatty serves on the Board of Directors of the Motion Picture and Television Fund Foundation. He previously served on the Board of Trustees of The Scripps Research Institute for several years. He has received the Eleanor Roosevelt Award from the Americans for Democratic Action, the Brennan Legacy Award from the Brennan Center for Justice at the New York University School of Law, and the Philip Burton Public Service Award from The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights.
In multiple forums he has addressed campaign finance reform, the increasing disparity of wealth, universal health care and the need for the Democratic Party to return to its roots.
In March of 2013, he was inducted into the California Hall of Fame.
Beatty was born in Richmond, Virginia. He and his wife, Annette Bening, live in Los Angeles and have four children.
His mother, Kathlyn Corinne (MacLean), was a drama teacher from Nova Scotia, Canada, and his father, Ira Owens Beaty, a professor of psychology and real estate agent, was from Virginia. His sister is actress Shirley MacLaine (born Shirley MacLean Beaty). His ancestry is mostly English and Scottish.
George Takei was born Hosato Takei in Los Angeles, California. His mother was born in Sacramento to Japanese parents & his father was born in Japan. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, he & his family were relocated from Los Angeles to the Rohwer Relocation Center in Arkansas. Later, they were moved to a camp at Tule Lake in Northern California. His first-hand knowledge of the unjust internment of 120,000 Japanese Americans in World War II, poignantly chronicled in his autobiography, created a lifelong interest in politics & community affairs.
After graduating from Los Angeles High School in 1956, he studied architecture at UC Berkeley. An ad in a Japanese community paper led to a summer job on the MGM lot where he dubbed 8 characters from Japanese into English for Rodan (1956). Bitten by the acting bug, he transferred to UCLA as a theater arts major. Contacting an agent he had met at MGM led to his appearance as an embittered soldier in postwar Japan in the Playhouse 90 (1956) production. Being spotted in a UCLA theater production by a Warner Bros. casting director led to his feature film debut in Titanen (1960), various roles in Hawaiian Eye (1959) &other feature work. In June 1960, he completed his degree at UCLA and studied at the Shakespeare Institute at Stratford-Upon-Avon in England that summer.
After starting a master's degree program at UCLA, he was cast in the socially relevant stage musical production Fly Blackbird! but was replaced when the show moved to New York. He took odd jobs until returning to his role at the end of the run. Getting little work in Manhattan, he returned to Los Angeles to continue his studies, once again appearing in TV & films. He earned his master's in 1964. Wanting a multi-racial crew, Gene Roddenberry cast him in Where No Man Has Gone Before, the second Raumschiff Enterprise (1966) pilot. Mr. Sulu remained a regular character when the series went into production. In the hiatus after the end of shooting the first season, he worked on Die grünen Teufel (1968), playing a South Vietnamese Special Forces officer.
After Raumschiff Enterprise (1966) was canceled, he did guest stints in several TV shows, voiced Sulu for the animated Star Trek series & regularly appeared at Star Trek conventions. He also produced & hosted a public affairs show Expression East/West, which aired in Los Angeles from 1971-1973. That year, he ran for the L.A. City Council. Although he lost by a small margin, Mayor Tom Bradley appointed him to the board of directors of the Southern California Rapid Transit District, where he served until 1984 & contributed to plans for the subway. During this period, he co-wrote a sci-fi novel Mirror Friend, Mirror Foe. He campaigned to get more respect for his character in the Star Trek features, resulting in Sulu finally obtaining the rank of captain in Star Trek VI - Das unentdeckte Land (1991), a role reprised in the Star Trek: Raumschiff Voyager (1995) episode Flashback.
He has run several marathons and was in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Torch Relay. He received a star on Hollywood Boulevard's Walk of Fame in 1986. He also left his signature & hand print in cement at the Chinese Theater in 1991. His 1994 autobiography, To the Stars, was well-received. He remains active as a stage, TV & film actor as well as as an advocate for the interests of Japanese Americans.
With an authoritative voice and calm demeanor, this ever popular American actor has grown into one of the most respected figures in modern US cinema. Morgan was born on June 1, 1937 in Memphis, Tennessee, to Mayme Edna (Revere), a teacher, and Morgan Porterfield Freeman, a barber. The young Freeman attended Los Angeles City College before serving several years in the US Air Force as a mechanic between 1955 and 1959. His first dramatic arts exposure was on the stage including appearing in an all-African American production of the exuberant musical Hello, Dolly!.
Throughout the 1970s, he continued his work on stage, winning Drama Desk and Clarence Derwent Awards and receiving a Tony Award nomination for his performance in The Mighty Gents in 1978. In 1980, he won two Obie Awards, for his portrayal of Shakespearean anti-hero Coriolanus at the New York Shakespeare Festival and for his work in Mother Courage and Her Children. Freeman won another Obie in 1984 for his performance as The Messenger in the acclaimed Brooklyn Academy of Music production of Lee Breuer's The Gospel at Colonus and, in 1985, won the Drama-Logue Award for the same role. In 1987, Freeman created the role of Hoke Coleburn in Alfred Uhry's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Driving Miss Daisy, which brought him his fourth Obie Award. In 1990, Freeman starred as Petruchio in the New York Shakespeare Festival's The Taming of the Shrew, opposite Tracey Ullman. Returning to the Broadway stage in 2008, Freeman starred with Frances McDormand and Peter Gallagher in Clifford Odets' drama The Country Girl, directed by Mike Nichols.
Freeman first appeared on TV screens as several characters including "Easy Reader", "Mel Mounds" and "Count Dracula" on the Children's Television Workshop (now Sesame Workshop) show The Electric Company (1971). He then moved into feature film with another children's adventure, Who Says I Can't Ride a Rainbow! (1971). Next, there was a small role in the thriller Blade - Der Kontrabulle (1973); then he played Casca in Julius Caesar (1979) and the title role in Coriolanus (1979). Regular work was coming in for the talented Freeman and he appeared in the prison dramas Attica - Revolte hinter Gittern (1980) and Brubaker (1980), Der Augenzeuge (1981), and portrayed the final 24 hours of slain Malcolm X in Death of a Prophet (1981). For most of the 1980s, Freeman continued to contribute decent enough performances in films that fluctuated in their quality. However, he really stood out, scoring an Oscar nomination as a merciless hoodlum in Glitzernder Asphalt (1987) and, then, he dazzled audiences and pulled a second Oscar nomination in the film version of Miss Daisy und ihr Chauffeur (1989) opposite Jessica Tandy. The same year, Freeman teamed up with youthful Matthew Broderick and fiery Denzel Washington in the epic Civil War drama Glory (1989) about freed slaves being recruited to form the first all-African American fighting brigade.
His star continued to rise, and the 1990s kicked off strongly with roles in Fegefeuer der Eitelkeiten (1990), Robin Hood - König der Diebe (1991), and Im Glanz der Sonne (1992). Freeman's next role was as gunman Ned Logan, wooed out of retirement by friend William Munny to avenge several prostitutes in the wild west town of Big Whiskey in Clint Eastwood's de-mythologized western Erbarmungslos (1992). The film was a sh and scored an acting Oscar for Gene Hackman, a directing Oscar for Eastwood, and the Oscar for best picture. In 1993, Freeman made his directorial debut on Bopha! - Kampf um Freiheit (1993) and soon after formed his production company, Revelations Entertainment.
More strong scripts came in, and Freeman was back behind bars depicting a knowledgeable inmate (and obtaining his third Oscar nomination), befriending falsely accused banker Tim Robbins in Die Verurteilten (1994). He was then back out hunting a religious serial killer in Sieben (1995), starred alongside Keanu Reeves in Außer Kontrolle (1996), and was pursuing another serial murderer in ...Denn zum küssen sind sie da (1997).
Further praise followed for his role in the slave tale of Amistad - Das Sklavenschiff (1997), he was a worried US President facing Armageddon from above in Deep Impact (1998), appeared in Neil LaBute's black comedy Nurse Betty (2000), and reprised his role as Alex Cross in Im netz der spinne (2001). Now highly popular, he was much in demand with cinema audiences, and he co-starred in the terrorist drama Der Anschlag (2002), was a military officer in the Stephen King-inspired Dreamcatcher (2003), gave divine guidance as God to Jim Carrey in Bruce Allmächtig (2003), and played a minor role in the comedy Hawaii Crime Story (2004).
2005 was a huge year for Freeman. First, he he teamed up with good friend Clint Eastwood to appear in the drama, Million Dollar Baby (2004). Freeman's on-screen performance is simply world-class as ex-prize fighter Eddie "Scrap Iron" Dupris, who works in a run-down boxing gym alongside grizzled trainer Frankie Dunn, as the two work together to hone the skills of never-say-die female boxer Hilary Swank. Freeman received his fourth Oscar nomination and, finally, impressed the Academy's judges enough to win the Best Supporting Actor Oscar for his performance. He also narrated Steven Spielberg's Krieg der Welten (2005) and appeared in Batman Begins (2005) as Lucius Fox, a valuable ally of Christian Bale's Bruce Wayne/Batman for director Christopher Nolan. Freeman would reprise his role in the two sequels of the record-breaking, genre-redefining trilogy.
Roles in tentpoles and indies followed; highlights include his role as a crime boss in Lucky Number Slevin (2006), a second go-round as God in Evan Allmächtig (2007) with Steve Carell taking over for Jim Carrey, and a supporting role in Ben Affleck's directorial debut, Gone Baby Gone - Kein Kinderspiel (2007). He co-starred with Jack Nicholson in the breakout hit Das Beste kommt zum Schluss (2007) in 2007, and followed that up with another box-office success, Wanted (2008), then segued into the second Batman film, The Dark Knight (2008).
In 2009, he reunited with Eastwood to star in the director's true-life drama Invictus - Unbezwungen (2009), on which Freeman also served as an executive producer. For his portrayal of Nelson Mandela in the film, Freeman garnered Oscar, Golden Globe and Critics' Choice Award nominations, and won the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor.
Recently, Freeman appeared in R.E.D. - Älter. Härter. Besser. (2010), a surprise box-office hit; he narrated the Conan (2011) remake, starred in Rob Reiner's The Magic of Belle Isle - Ein verzauberter Sommer (2012); and capped the Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises (2012). Freeman has several films upcoming, including the thriller Die Unfassbaren - Now You See Me (2013), under the direction of Louis Leterrier, and the science fiction actioner Oblivion (2013), in which he stars with Tom Cruise.
Alfredo James "Al" 'Pacino established himself as a film actor during one of cinema's most vibrant decades, the 1970s, and has become an enduring and iconic figure in the world of American movies.
He was born April 25, 1940 in Manhattan, New York City, to Italian-American parents, Rose (nee Gerardi) and Sal Pacino. They divorced when he was young. His mother moved them into his grandparents' home in the South Bronx. Pacino found himself often repeating the plots and voices of characters he had seen in the movies. Bored and unmotivated in school, he found a haven in school plays, and his interest soon blossomed into a full-time career. Starting onstage, he went through a period of depression and poverty, sometimes having to borrow bus fare to succeed to auditions. He made it into the prestigious Actors Studio in 1966, studying under Lee Strasberg, creator of the Method Approach that would become the trademark of many 1970s-era actors.
After appearing in a string of plays in supporting roles, Pacino finally attained success off-Broadway with Israel Horovitz's "The Indian Wants the Bronx", winning an Obie Award for the 1966-67 season. That was followed by a Tony Award for "Does the Tiger Wear a Necktie?" His first feature films made little departure from the gritty realistic stage performances that earned him respect: he played a drug addict in Panik im Needle Park (1971) after his film debut in Ich, Natalie (1969). The role of Michael Corleone in Der Pate (1972) was one of the most sought-after of the time: Robert Redford, Warren Beatty, Jack Nicholson, Ryan O'Neal, Robert De Niro and a host of other actors either wanted it or were mentioned, but director Francis Ford Coppola wanted Pacino for the role.
Coppola was successful but Pacino was reportedly in constant fear of being fired during the very difficult shoot. The film was a monster hit that earned Pacino his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. However, instead of taking on easier projects for the big money he could now command, Pacino threw his support behind what he considered tough but important films, such as the true-life crime drama Serpico (1973) and the tragic real-life bank robbery film Hundstage (1975). He was nominated three consecutive years for the "Best Actor" Academy Award. He faltered slightly with Bobby Deerfield (1977), but regained his stride with ... und Gerechtigkeit für alle (1979), for which he received another Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. Unfortunately, this would signal the beginning of a decline in his career, which produced flops like Cruising (1980) and Daddy! Daddy! Fünf Nervensägen und ein Vater (1982).
Pacino took on another vicious gangster role and cemented his legendary status in the ultra-violent cult film Scarface (1983), but a monumental mistake was about to follow. Revolution (1985) endured an endless and seemingly cursed shoot in which equipment was destroyed, weather was terrible, and Pacino fell ill with pneumonia. Constant changes in the script further derailed the project. The Revolutionary War-themed film, considered among the worst films ever made, resulted in awful reviews and kept him off the screen for the next four years. Returning to the stage, Pacino did much to give back and contribute to the theatre, which he considers his first love. He directed a film, The Local Stigmatic (1990), but it remains unreleased. He lifted his self-imposed exile with the striking Sea of Love - Melodie des Todes (1989) as a hard-drinking policeman. This marked the second phase of Pacino's career, being the first to feature his now famous dark, owl eyes and hoarse, gravelly voice.
Returning to the Corleones, Pacino made Der Pate 3 (1990) and earned raves for his first comedic role in the colorful adaptation Dick Tracy (1990). This earned him another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, and two years later he was nominated for Glengarry Glen Ross (1992). He went into romantic mode for Frankie und Johnny (1991). In 1992, he finally won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his amazing performance in Der Duft der Frauen (1992). A mixture of technical perfection (he plays a blind man) and charisma, the role was tailor-made for him, and remains a classic.
The next few years would see Pacino becoming more comfortable with acting and movies as a business, turning out great roles in great films with more frequency and less of the demanding personal involvement of his wilder days. Carlito's Way (1993) proved another gangster classic, as did the epic crime drama Heat (1995) directed by Michael Mann and co-starring Robert De Niro. He directed the film adaptation of Shakespeare's Al Pacino's Looking for Richard (1996). During this period, City Hall (1996), Donnie Brasco (1997) and Im Auftrag des Teufels (1997) all came out. Reteaming with Mann and then Oliver Stone, he gave commanding performances in Insider (1999) and An jedem verdammten Sonntag (1999).
In the 2000s, Pacino starred in a number of theatrical blockbusters, including Ocean's 13 (2007), but his choice in television roles (the vicious, closeted Roy Cohn in the HBO miniseries Engel in Amerika (2003) and his sensitive portrayal of Jack Kevorkian, in the television movie Ein Leben für den Tod (2010)) are reminiscent of the bolder choices of his early career. Each television project garnered him an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie.
Never wed, Pacino has a daughter, Julie Marie, with acting teacher Jan Tarrant, and a set of twins with former longtime girlfriend Beverly D'Angelo. His romantic history includes Jill Clayburgh, Veruschka von Lehndorff, Carole Mallory, Debra Winger, Tuesday Weld, Marthe Keller, Carmen Cervera, Kathleen Quinlan, Lyndall Hobbs, Penelope Ann Miller, and a two-decade intermittent relationship with "Godfather" co-star Diane Keaton. He currently lives with Argentinian actress Lucila Solá, who is 36 years his junior.
As of 2022, Pacino is 82-years-old. He has never retired from acting, and continues to appear regularly in film.
Eric Braeden is a German actor in America who began his career playing Nazis and eventually became a star of daytime soap operas. Born Hans Gudegast in Kiel, Germany, during the Second World War, he was a superb athlete who excelled in track-and-field events. As a teenager, he immigrated to the United States and worked in Texas and Montana as a translator, a cowhand, and a lumber millhand. His athleticism won him a scholarship to Montana State University. While attending college, he and friend Bob McKinnon made a film, The Riverbusters, about their successful attempt to be the first men to take a boat from the source to the mouth of the Salmon river and back again. He traveled to Los Angeles in hopes of finding a distributor for the documentary, but instead found that his handsome visage and accented English made him a valuable commodity as an actor. He appeared in small parts under his real name before landing the leading role of the antagonist, Captain Hans Dietrich, on the World War II television series The Rat Patrol (1966).
The series was a hit, and Gudegast's sympathetic German officer was very popular. He appeared in a few movies and television films thereafter in supporting roles, then was given the lead in Universal's science-fiction computer thriller Colossus (1970). His delight at this huge career boost was muted by the studio's insistence that he change his name. With extreme reluctance, he agreed and became known subsequently as Eric Braeden. Braeden worked continuously in television movies for the next decade. He also worked on Broadway and in Los Angeles area theatre. In 1980, he reluctantly accepted a role in a daytime drama, Schatten der Leidenschaft (1973), and gained a stardom in this medium that had just eluded him in film and prime time television. As lead Victor Newman, Braeden brought a gravity and a strong center to the program. Amazingly handsome and athletic into his sixties, Braeden maintained the charisma that first brought him notice in "The Rat Patrol".
His infrequent film work during his nearly quarter century on "The Young and the Restless" included a prominent role as John Jacob Astor in Titanic (1997). A five-time Emmy nominee for his "The Young and the Restless" role (he won in 1998), he was also nominated eleven times for the Soap Opera Digest Outstanding Leading Actor Award, winning three times. In 1987, he was appointed, along with Henry Kissinger, Paul Volker, Steffi Graf, Alexander Haig, and Katherine Graham, to the German-American Advisory Board, and in 1991 received the Federal Medal of Honor from the president of his native land, Germany. He married his college sweetheart Dale Russell in 1966. Their son, Christian Gudegast is a screenwriter.
Harrison Ford was born on July 13, 1942 in Chicago, Illinois, to Dorothy (Nidelman), a radio actress, and Christopher Ford (born John William Ford), an actor turned advertising executive. His father was of Irish and German ancestry, while his maternal grandparents were Jewish emigrants from Minsk, Belarus. Harrison was a lackluster student at Maine Township High School East in Park Ridge Illinois (no athletic star, never above a C average). After dropping out of Ripon College in Wisconsin, where he did some acting and later summer stock, he signed a Hollywood contract with Columbia and later Universal. His roles in movies and television (Der Chef (1967), Die Leute von der Shiloh Ranch (1962)) remained secondary and, discouraged, he turned to a career in professional carpentry. He came back big four years later, however, as Bob Falfa in American Graffiti (1973). Four years after that, he hit colossal with the role of Han Solo in Star Wars: Episode IV - Eine neue Hoffnung (1977). Another four years and Ford was Indiana Jones in Jäger des verlorenen Schatzes (1981).
Four years later and he received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for his role as John Book in Der einzige Zeuge (1985). All he managed four years after that was his third starring success as Indiana Jones; in fact, many of his earlier successful roles led to sequels as did his more recent portrayal of Jack Ryan in Die Stunde der Patrioten (1992). Another Golden Globe nomination came his way for the part of Dr. Richard Kimble in Auf der Flucht (1993). He is clearly a well-established Hollywood superstar. He also maintains an 800-acre ranch in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
Ford is a private pilot of both fixed-wing aircraft and helicopters, and owns an 800-acre (3.2 km2) ranch in Jackson, Wyoming, approximately half of which he has donated as a nature reserve. On several occasions, Ford has personally provided emergency helicopter services at the request of local authorities, in one instance rescuing a hiker overcome by dehydration. Ford began flight training in the 1960s at Wild Rose Idlewild Airport in Wild Rose, Wisconsin, flying in a Piper PA-22 Tri-Pacer, but at $15 an hour, he could not afford to continue the training. In the mid-1990s, he bought a used Gulfstream II and asked one of his pilots, Terry Bender, to give him flying lessons. They started flying a Cessna 182 out of Jackson, Wyoming, later switching to Teterboro, New Jersey, flying a Cessna 206, the aircraft he soloed in. Ford is an honorary board member of the humanitarian aviation organization Wings of Hope.
On March 5, 2015, Ford's plane, believed to be a Ryan PT-22 Recruit, made an emergency landing on the Penmar Golf Course in Venice, California. Ford had radioed in to report that the plane had suffered engine failure. He was taken to Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, where he was reported to be in fair to moderate condition. Ford suffered a broken pelvis and broken ankle during the accident, as well as other injuries.
The handsome, weird and worldly-looking Chris Sarandon has shown his versatility in everything from vampires to Jesus Christ in hypnotic performances that have been controversial but irresistible. He was born Christopher Sarandon, Jr. and raised in Beckley, West Virginia of Greek heritage on both sides (family surname originally Sarondonethes). His mother Cliffie (Cardullias) and father Christopher Sarandon, Sr. were restaurateurs.
As a teen, Chris appeared locally on the musical stage and played drums and sang back-up with a local band called The Teen Tones. His band toured following high school and backed up such music legends as Bobby Darin, Gene Vincent and Danny and the Juniors. Chris later attended West Virginia University majoring in speech, but appearing in such musical productions as "The Music Man" as Harold Hill. He went on to attend the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, where he received his master's degree in theater and met first wife Susan Sarandon. They married in 1967.
Touring with improv companies and in regional theater productions, he made his professional debut in "The Rose Tattoo" in 1965 and later joined the Long Wharf Theatre Company for a season. The Sarandons moved to New York in 1968, wherein the dark and handsome charmer immediately nabbed the role of Dr. Tom Halverson on the daytime soap Springfield Story (1952), a part that would last two years. Throughout the 1970s he would be rewarded with rich theater acting roles. On Broadway he appeared in "The Rothchilds" and replaced Raul Julia in "Two Gentlemen from Verona" while appearing elsewhere in various Shakespeare and Shaw festivals both here and in Canada.
Chris made a phenomenally successful film debut in a huge, career-risking part as bank robber's Al Pacino's tormented, gender-confused lover in Hundstage (1975), earning the New York Film Critics award and Oscar and Golden Globe nominations for his supporting turn. He took other sordid roles as well, this time in co-leads, such as opposite Margaux Hemingway in the poorly received exploitative thriller Eine Frau sieht rot (1976) and as a demon in the shocker Hexensabbat (1977). To avoid being typed as creepy characters, Chris furthered his range of roles in years to come, including the title role in The Day Christ Died (1980), a critically heralded TV-movie. He then received high marks also for his mesmerizing interpretation of two completely different characters with unique subtlety, intelligence, charisma and profoundness as both Sydney Carton and Charles Darnay in Eine Geschichte zweier Städte (1980) and co-starred with Goldie Hawn in the more mainstream Protocol - Alles tanzt nach meiner Pfeife (1984). By the end of the 1970's, he and Susan would divorce and he would remarry (model Lisa Ann Cooper).
Moving into 80s work, Chris endeared himself to a younger generation of film goers with memorable performances in enjoyable roles such as the undeniably sexy, magnetic vampire-next-door in the teen horror classic Die rabenschwarze Nacht - Fright Night (1985), the cruel, evil-plotting prince in Rob Reiner's Die Braut des Prinzen (1987) and as the investigating cop in Chucky - Die Mörderpuppe (1988), the first in the "Chucky" series about a murdering doll. In recent years Chris has continued steadily on stage, film and TV but at a lesser pace and in less flashy, high-profiled roles.
In 1991 he co-starred on Broadway in the short-lived musical "Nick and Nora" with Joanna Gleason, the daughter of Monty Hall (Let's Make a Deal (1963)). Again divorced, he and Gleason married in 1994 and reunited on stage in "Thorn & Bloom" in 1998. They have also appeared together in a number of films, including American Perfect (1997), Edie & Pen (1996) and Black Devil (1999). He found frightful fun and a major cartoon niche as the voice of Jack Skellington in the original Disney movie Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), reprising the role in sequels, video games and Halloween special events.
Into the millennium, Chris' focus has been more on Broadway and off-Broadway theatre with flavorful roles in "The Light in the Piazza," "Cyrano de Bergerac," "Through a Glass Darkly and "The Exonerated." In the 2015 production of "Preludes," he played multiple roles that included Chekhov, Tchaikovsky and Tolstoy. He has also sporadically appeared in films with featured parts in Perfume (2001), Loggerheads (2005), My Sassy Girl - Unverschämt liebenswert (2008), a cameo as a vampire victim in a remake of Fright Night (2011), Safe - Todsicher (2012) and Frank the Bastard (2013), Big Stone Gap (2014) and I Smile Back (2015). He has also uplifted a number of popular TV shows with his presence: "ER," "Charmed," "Cold Case," "Judging Amy," "Law and Order," "The Good Wife," "Orange Is the New Black" and as the voice of Dracula in "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles."
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Read Spring 2024 USF Commencement Program by USF Commencement on Issuu and browse thousands of other publications on our platform. Start here!
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Rushing Family of Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee
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RUSHING
(Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee)
FIRST GENERATION
1. Mathew[1] Rushing. Died, before 1730, in NC. The following information was supplied by Charles C. Rushing and appears in the "Rushing Past" newsletter, II(1), March 1980. "Let's start with the Isle of Wight County, Virginia. 'Early Eighteenth Century Palatine Emigration' by Knittle (on Page 252) states that on the 2nd sailing from Holland to England then to Virginia, there was listed 23 May 1709 Mathys Riesin (German for Rushing) and Vrow (wife) and three children. Then on page 262 Mattys Russin -- they were of Protestant faith and could not worship as Protestants in Germany. In 'Seventeenth Century Isle of Wight Co. Virginia' by John Bennet Boddie, it states that Mattys Russian sold 150 acres to Wm Bridger in 1714. The Russians (Rushings) were living in an area overrun by Louis XIV of France and had escaped to Holland. There they were helped by Queen Anne of England who promised to take them to Virginia to settle there. In 'Lost Virginia Records' by Louis Des Cognets on Page 88, Mathew Rushin applied for 475 acres with a partner Edward Goodson. Russin sold his (or a part) to Wm. Bridger as stated above. This deed was dated 10 April 1707 (a little variation in the dates from the 'Palatine Migration' book). Mathys Rushin had to live on it for a period to get title; on 16 June 1714 he got title (page 190 of 'Lost Virginia Records'). Here is synopsis: 1707 Mathew Rushin applied for 475 acres; 1714 he received Patent." But this is only one theory about Rushing family origins. I am presenting it because it is a theory which at least presents documentary evidence. However, there are several other legends and theories on the origin of the family, the most widespread being that the family is Welsh. There is evidence for a James Rushing in New Kent County, Virginia, in 1667, and for a Mathew Rushing in Charles City County, Virginia, before 1670. The Rushings who settled in southern illinois, western Kentucky, and Tennessee came from Anson County, North Carolina. The Rushings in Anson County, North Carolina, seem to be very closely related, but working out the relationships between them is extremely difficult, particularly because there are so many William Rushings. I propose the following hypothesis. The Anson County Rushings seem to be descended from two near contemporary William Rushings. (A contemporary John Rushing lived near Thompson's Creek in the Chesterfield District of South Carolina.) To attempt to clarify the relationships I plotted probable locations of Rushing land grants and deeds. When this is done the Rushings fall into two subgoups. One group lived on Browns Creek near the present community of White Store, near Black Jack Creek. This group is associated with the elder and younger Joseph Whites in land grant and deed records. This group includes two Williams, Richard, Phillip, Soloman, and a John. The other group is found 5-10 miles farther south on Thompson's Creek, on the headwaters of Browns Creek, and on Little Browns Creek. This group includes two or more Williams, two or more Johns, a Mathew, Robert, Noah, and Abraham. They are associated in land grant and deed records with Benjamin Jackson and John Jackson. The breakdown is not exactly this simple, however, and some adjustments have to be made. Except for living near the southern Rushing group, Abraham is most closely tied to Richard, Solomon, and others in the northern group.
He married Elizabeth. Died, circa 1745. According to Virgil W. Huntley of Mystic Connecticut, who has studied deed records for the Rushing family in North Carolina, "Mathew Rushing, father of William, had a wife, Elizabeth, as she acknowledges the sale of land to William Bridges or Bridgers on 15 July, 1718. "Widow Elizabeth Rushing is said to have maried either Edwin or Edward Goodson as her 2nd husband. Elizabeth is said to have died about 1743 to 1747 leaving property to Goodson. A most dramatic will said to be filed by Goodson. Where is it?" [Letter to David Donahue, July 19, 1992]
Virgil W. Huntly also estimates that Mathew's son William had to have been born circa 1710 or earlier because he purchased his father's property in 1730. Neither of the William Rushings on Brown's Creek seem to be old enough to be the William, son of Mathew. Either or both might be grandsons. Children:
2 i. William[2] Rushing.
3 ii. William Rushing.
SECOND GENERATION
2. William[2] Rushing (Mathew, 1). Born, circa 1720. This William Rushing seems to have lived on Brown's Creek near Black Jack Branch, near the present community of White Store in Anson County. This William Rushing may have been the one who received land grant No. 6531 dated 19 April 1763 for 150 acres on both sides of Deep Creek--including his own improvement. He is mentioned in land grant No. 3092 dated 18 April 1771 to Josiah Herndon, Jr., for 200 Acres in Anson County on Black Jack Branch of Brown's Creek, joining William Rushing. Given the frequency of the name William and the absence of the name Mathew among descendants, the most likely name for a father of this William Rushing would be William.
He married an unknown woman. Children:
4 i. Abraham[3] Rushing.
5 ii. Phillip Rushing.
6 iii. Richard Rushing.
iv. John Rushing. Born, circa 1750. John Rushing received Land Grant No. 4686 dated May 24, 1773, issued by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 150 acres in Anson County on the lower side of Brown's Creek, joining a hollow and William Rushing. This John is not in the 1790 census of Anson Co.
7 v. William Rushing.
8 vi. Jacob Rushing.
9 vii. Solomon Rushing.
3. William[2] Rushing (Mathew, 1). One William Rushing, the father of "Flint River Jack" Rushing, is said to have immigrated from the Isle of Wight County, Virginia, to Welsh Neck, Cheraw, South Carolina. This William is the most likely to have been father of Flint River Jack, but it seems unlikely that he lived in the Welsh Neck or even the Welsh Tract. However, this William owned land on Thompson's Creek and may have lived in what is now Chesterfield County, South Carolina. Most of his descendants seem to have lived in Anson County and are associated with the other Rushing group living there. This William Rushing seems to have been the one who received land grant No. 495 dated 13 October 1756, on Thompson's Creek. He is listed as William Ruskin. This William Rushing also received land grant No. 947 dated 26 May 1757 for 400 acres in Anson County of the S.W. side of Pee Dee river, joining the E. side of the N. fork of Thompson's Creek and crossing the creek twice. Most likely name for the father of this William Rushing would be John Rushing.
He married Mary?. Children:
i. John[3] Rushing. Born, before 1753. Died, before 1790. He married Sabrina.
10 ii. Robert Rushing.
11 iii. Mark Rushing.
12 iv. Unknown Daughter Rushing.
13 v. William Rushing.
vi. Noah Rushing. Born, circa 1758. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1810, in Christian Co., KY. He married Chloe Huntley. This Noah Rushing was an adult in 1778 when, with William Rushing Jr. and Benjamin Jackson, he was witness to a deed transferring 200 acres of land from William Rushing to Robert Rushing [Deed Book k, p. 470]. He may have died or moved before 1800 as the Noah in 1800 seems to be a younger individual. There is a Noah Rushing in Kentucky in the 1810 census who may have a son named Robert. There is a Noah Rushing in Warren Co., MS, in the 1820 census.
vii. Rowland Rushing. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC.
viii. Daughter (Sarah?) Rushing. She married William Johnson.
THIRD GENERATION
4. Abraham[3] Rushing (William, 2). Born, circa 1742. Died, 1805, in Anson Co., NC. The birth date for Abraham Rushing is somewhat controversial. Several sources use 1730. I have been unable to determine if there is a factual basis for this or if this date is based on identifying the wrong Phillip (Revolutionary War veteran Phillip) for the son Phillip (probably the Phillip I. in the 1800 census) named in Abraham's will. Based on ages of Abraham's children other than Phillip, Abraham need not have been born before 1750. Land grant records indicate a probably birth date of 1740-1745. Abraham Rushing received land grant No. 6314 dated 15 November 1762 for 300 acres in Anson County on the North Fork of Thompson's Creek joining above John Jackson. Abraham Rushing received Land Grant No. 8814 dated July 25, 1774, and issued by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 150 acres in Anson County on the branches of Thompson's Creek, joining Thomas Creel and Rushing's own survey, between the two prongs of Thompson's Creek.
He married, first, Mariah Meador, daughter of Jason Meador. Children:
14 i. William[4] Rushing.
15 ii. Abraham Rushing.
iii. Elizabeth Rushing. Born, before 1775. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC. She married William Morgan. Elizabeth Morgan is mentioned in the will of Abraham Rushing in 1806. It seems most likely that Elizabeth was the wife of William Morgan, the only Morgan in the Anson County census in 1800 and 1810. The Morgans in Decatur and Henderson counties, TN, may be descended from this family.
16 iv. Jason Rushing.
17 v. Peter Rushing.
vi. Sarah Rushing. She married Unknown English.
18 vii. Phillip J. Rushing.
19 viii. Thomas M. Rushing.
He married, second, Sarah Watts.
5. Phillip[3] Rushing (William, 2). Born, circa 1745. Died, after 1840, in Perry Co., TN. Birth(2): 1756. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1820, in Perry Co., TN.
Two major myths about this Phillip Rushing create difficulties for a Rushing family researchers. Myth 1: Burrell (1798-1867) was the son of Phillip. This is based by looking at one datum point -- that there was a veteran or pensioneer named Phillip Rushing in the household of Burrell in 1840 in Perry County, Tennessee -- and ignoring a great deal of other information, including Phillip's age in the same census. (This is discussed in more detail below.) In general, because of the close associations between the families of Burrell and Isaac, Burrell and Isaac must have been brothers, but census data will not support both to be sons of Phillip.
Myth 2: The Revolutionary War veteran Phillip was the son of the Abraham Rushing who died in 1805 in Anson County, North Carolina. Phillip could have been slightly older than the Abraham who died in 1805 as Phillip needed to have been born circa 1745 to be father of the Phillip Rushing Jr. in the 1790 census. Without having to be father of the Revolutionary War veteran Phillip, Abraham needs only to have been born about 1750. The myth of Phillip has pushed the estimated ages of Abraham Rushing and some of Abraham's children back in time unnecessarily. For example, I have seen 1750 given as a possible birth date for Abraham's daughter Elizabeth Morgan. No one seems to know her husband's name. Census data in Anson County, North Carolina and Henderson, Perry, and Decatur Counties, Tennessee otherwise indicate that she was the wife of William Morgan, that she was born circa 1773 or 1774, and that her own children were born from circa 1795 to circa 1813. Elizabeth probably was two or three years older than her husband.
Some descendants of Abraham are needlessly looking for an earlier marriage for Abraham as Abraham's wife Mariah Meador would have too young to be the mother of children born as early as 1750 as the wrong dates suggest. The acceptance of this myth seems odd to me because Phillip's pension claim names Richard as his brother and Richard is not a name of one of Abraham's children. The Philip who appears as Philip I. in 1800, the yonger Phillip in 1810, and as Philep J. in 1820 seems a more likely choice as son of Abraham.
Unfortunately, these myths are contained in an accepted application to join the Daughters of the American Revolution, and theDAR itselp seems to be distributing the misinformation.
In his pension claim in 1834, Phillip Rushing states he had been in Tennessee for 18 years.
A military marker has been erected for Phillip Rushing at Rushing Grove Cemetery in Decatur County. The dates on the marker are 1756-1838. This location probably is incorrect. Phillip seems to have still been alive at the time of the census in 1840. He is listed in the household of Burrell Rushing. Burrell at this time is living south of Rushing Creek, near the Bath Springs area surrounded by various Brashers. So it is probable that this was Phillip's property and not Burrell's. (Burrell did not buy land on Turkey Creek near Rushing Grove until the 1840s, though descendants claim this was the land Burrell settled in about 1820. Burrell's property adjoined Richard's property to the east). A more likely place for Phillip to be buried then would be in an old cemetery in the Rushing Creek area (Brigance, Ivey, Minie perhaps) or in the Brasher Cemetery. For the sake of argument, a case could be made that Phillip and Richard are buried at Campground Cemetery. There is no evidence to suggest that Rushing Grove Cemetery is older than the mid 1850s when Henry Harrington may have been buried there.
The birth date used on the military marker at Rushing Grove Cemetery is 1756. This is the based on an age of 78 sworn to by witnesses in Phillip Rushing's pension claim in 1834. However, in the pension claim Phillip himself admits that his memory is failing. And while Phillip mentions that there is proof of his age in a family bible in the posession of his brother Richard, court records never indicate that the bible was produced in court. In the census in Anson County in 1800 Phillip already is listed as 45 and over. He probably was born nearer 1745 as in 1790 Philip Rushing, Jr., is already listed as the head of a family and seems to have two children. The Phillip in the 1840 census with Burrell is age 78 (born circa 1762). Either this is a different Phillip or Burrell has no idea of Phillip's correct age. The death year 1838 on the military marker seems to have been taken from Phillip's the pension papers and may come from a note from the Treasury indicating that Phillip's pension had been paid through that date. There is such a note in the pension papers for Richard Rushing with the same closing date. Richard Rushing is known to have lived until 1841.
Phillip Rushing may have outlived all his children. Perry County Circuit Court Records in 1838 include a petition by grandson Calvin Lacy to be replaced as Phillip's guardian. Calvin Lacy was relatively wealthy and did not have any children, so he would have been a neutral choice among Phillip's competing grandchildren to be Phillip's guardian. If the Phillip with Burrell in 1840 is the Revolutionary War veteran, then Burrell most likely is his guardian.
Census data for Phillip in 1790 in Anson County show 3 males under 16 and 2 free white females, plus Phillip Jr. in a separate household. Data for Phillip in 1800 in Anson County: 22101-00301. I think that the 1790 census is closest to being correct for Phillip's family. I think he had at most four sons and perhaps four or five daughters, with two or more daughters having married before 1790. Decatur county Rushing claimants for descent from Phillip often use 1820 Perry County census data to show children born circa 1799. Yet a comparison 1790 and 1800 data seems to show that a married daughter (or, perhaps, a daughter-in-law) and family moved into Phillip's household in the interval, and the same thing may have happened between 1800 and 1810. The young children in Phillip's household in 1820 are more likely to be grandchildren than children. (Census data -- 1790 Anson County: 1-3-3; 1800 Anson County: 22101-00301; 1810 Anson County: 11001-11101; 1820 Perry County: 010101-01001). Phillip's sons seems more likely to some of the Rushings in Stewart County, Tennessee. It is possible that Phillip was the grandfather of Richard Rushing in McNairy County in 1850, and it is possible that he was father or father-in-law of one of the Mark Rushings in Perry County in 1830.
Phillip Rushing received Land Grant No. 8510 dated July 23, 1774, and issued by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 400 acres in Anson County on the southwest side of the Great Pee Dee, on Great Brown's Creek, joining a bottom by the creek near the muddy spring branch.
The following is text of the pension application of Philip Rushing. His pension application number was S21458.
"Perry County, July Term 1834 -- On this 21st day of July 1834 personally appeared before the Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions for the County of Perry PHILIP RUSHING a resident of Rushing's Creek in Perry County, State of Tennessee, aged 78 years, who being first sworn acording to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of act of Congress passed June the 7th 1832 that he entered service of the United States under the following named officers and served as herein after stated.
"This declarent entered the service of the United States under Captain John Jackson he declarent being the Ensign of said company in Anson County in the State of North Carolina, from thence marched to Gilbert Town N. Carolina, from thence to Pleasant Garden at the head of the Catawber, from thence into the Indian Nation on the Hiwassee River, from thence to the Valley Towns where some of our men were out fowling and Indians came upon them and killed three of them, one of whose names was Turner he believes; from thence was marched home by way of Pleasant garden, declared served his tour the term of three months as Ensign, he declarent thinks his tour was performed in the latter end of the year 1776, but owing to old age he cannot recollect precisily his Major's name was Davidson, Col. David Love (or Lane) his Col., and general Rutherford was his General.
"This declarent again volunteered under Captain Stephen Jackson in the year 1777, and was imployed on the frontiers guarding the property of whigs and their lives from Ruthless hands of the Torys and British. He served this year seven months as a volunteer guarding the frontiers--again in the year 1778 he volunteered under the same Captain and was imployed on the same service that is ranging along the frontiers; in these several last tours he dose not recollect particularly owing to old age and the consequent loss of memory the events of this period of his services as he did not charge his memory with minor events but in fact he nearly always was out in the service of his country from the year 1776 up to this time which was 1780.
"The declarent in the year 1781 entered the service under Capt. Bogan, Col. Wade his Colonel; declarent was marched from Anson County N. Carolina to Cape Fear where he was attached to Colo. Smith's Regiment and to capt. Smith's Company; his declarents own Capt. and Col. having left the army. This tour we had an engagement with the Tories on Capefear not far from Wilmington and defeated them after which we marched up and attached the British in a large Brick house some time not long after this we heard that Cornwallis was defeated at Little York & went home. This declarent states that on this Tour he served two months. He has no documentary evidence by which he can prove his service nor does he know of any person except Richard Rushing by whom he can prove the same, he hereby relinquishes any claim whatever to a pension or annuity except the present and declares that his name is not on the pension roll of the agency of any state sworn to and subscribed the day and year above written. (Signed) PHILLIP (X) RUSHING.
"Sworn statements of William Woolverton, a clergyman residing in Perry County, and W. F. Doherty, residing in Perry County, stating that Rushing is 78 years of age and he is reputed and believed in the neighborhood where he resides to have been a revolutionary soldier. Signed 21 July 1834.
"Statement of Richard Rushing: '...Richard Rushing who is a creditable person and made oath in due form of law that he served most of the Tours with Philip Rushing, that he has stated that he served in the Revolution, and that he served as he states, and further that he the said Philip Rushing was an Ensign as he states, sworn to and subscribed in open court this 21st day of July 1834.' Signed RICHARD (X) RUSHING.
". . . Questions by the court:
"1. Where and in what year were you born. Ans.: I was born in Anson County N. Carolina 1756.
"2. Have you any record of your age and if so where is it. Ans.: My brother Richard Rushing has it at his house.
"3. Where were you living when called into service, where have you lived since the Revolutionary War, and where do you live now? Ans.: In Anson County when called up top service where I continued to live till about fifteen years ago I moved from there to the County of Perry in the State of Tennessee where I now live.
"4. How were you called into service, were you drafted, did you volunteer or were you a substitute and if a substitute for whom? Ans.: I was called out in Capt. Jackson as an Ensign, whether we were drafted or whether we the company (cannot be read) and went out without a draft. I do not now recollect all the rest of the Tours I was a volunteer.
"5. State the names of some of the Regular officers who were with the troops where you served, such continental and militia regiments as you recollect, and the general circumstances of your service. Ans.: Gen. Rutherford, Col. Wade, and Col. Smith, whether they were regular officers or state officers I do not know as I am old and forgetful, but I think at least Col. Smith was a regular, for the general circumstances of my service &c see my declaration.
"6. Did you ever receive a discharge from the service & if so, by whom was it given & what has become of it. Ans.: I never received a discharge for in the past when it was we were just dismissed by our officers. I was commissioned Ensign but I cannot tell certainly by whom it was signed but think Gov. Caswell, it has long ago been lost.
"7. State the names of persons to whom you are known in your present neighborhood and who can testify as to your character for varasity and their belief of your service as a soldier of the Revolution. Ans.: Parson Woolverton I have who is the nearest preacher and W. F. Doherty could--living in all my neighbours. I would also refer to aul W. C. Dunlap. (Note: living in last sentence could be bring.)
The Amended Declaration of Phillip Rushing - I was at the skirmishes with the Tories at Thompson Creek, at Lynches Creek, Hills Creek, Richardson Creek, and at Drowning Creek at Bettys Bridge where we had a battle with the Tories and we parted without any decision and afterwards the Tories defeated the whigs but I was not in that engagement. I was on Cape Fear River near Wilmington when we defeated the Tories who had defeated Col. Wade at Drowning Creek. I was also in an attack on the Brick House in the possession of the British and after several fire we retired being unable to take the House. I was in the company of Stephen Jackson a part of the time, and a part of the time I was in the company of Capt. John Johnson and at sometime transfered to some other company in Col. Smith's Regiment, but I am now unable to recollect the name of the officers except as stated in my original declaration. I am now old and infirm and my memory has failed me so much. I cannot recollect the dates of my service. I can only recollect the places we had a battle or expected to have one and the names of the officers, but what rout we pursued in each campaign I cannot now recollect or the particular time I served in each campaign. I have only a recollection of serving my country
and being generally in service. Signed: PHILLIP (X) RUSHING. 7 Oct. 1834.
"Statement of John L. Houston, J.P.: '...I am personally acquainted with the said Phillip Rushing and know him to be old and infirm and that he is respectable and his statement entitled to credit.' 7 Oct. 1834.
"'I will take a pension for six months on this claim, knowing the old man and from his extreme age he cannot recollect any more than stated in this declaration.' Signed: W. C. Dunlap, 13 Dec. 1834.
"Paid at a rate of twenty dollars from 4 Sept. 1835 to 4 March 1838. (Note from treasury Department, dated 14 Jan. 1839.)"
[The transcription above appeared in Vol. 1 of "The River Counties."]
He married Hannah. Born, before 1755. Died, after 1815. Children:
20 i. Phillip R.[4] Rushing.
21 ii. Hardy Rushing.
22 iii. Hannah Rushing.
iv. Elijah Rushing. Born, circa 1775. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC. An Elijah Rushing served as security for Eljiah Lowry, appointed in 1816 as guardian of the minor children of Phillip Rushing, deceased, in Steward Co., TN. He may be the household listed in the 1820 census of Stewart Co., TN, with the head of household listed as "Elizabeth." The household one male under 10, one male 26-45, and no females.
23 v. Millie Rushing.
vi. Other Children. Another likely son for this Phillip would be the Richard Rushing in Livingston Co., Kentucky in the 1810 census (born 1785 or earlier). The possibility that one of Phillip's daughters (born ca. 1777 or earlier) married Mark Rushing who lived in Hardin Co., TN, should be considered. A Burwell Rushing who would have been an adult in 1808 appears in Anson Co., North Carolina, property records. A more speculative possibility for a daughter of Phillip Rushing would be the wife (name unknown, born early 1780s) of the Robery Ivy who settled on Rushing Creek in Perry Co. (later Decatur Co.), Tennessee.
6. Richard[3] Rushing (William, 2). Born, 1749, in VA. Died, 1841, in Perry Co., TN. Burial in Campground Cem., Decatur Co., TN (unmarked). Richard Rushing received two land grants issued by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The first, No. 3853 dated May 22, 1772, was for 100 acres in Anson County on a branch on the lower side of Brown's Creek, joining the said branch above Wm. Rushing. The second, No. 7487 dated March 4, 1775, was for 150 acres in Anson County on the lower side of Brown's Creek, joining a small branch and Solomon Rushing. Richard Rushing moved to the Beech River area of Perry County (later Decatur County) in Tennessee before 1820 and settled on the south side of the Beech River. He had extensive land holdings in the 7th and 8th sections of the 8th range along Turkey Creek. He probably is the ancestor of most of the Rushings living in Henderson County.
The following is a summary of the pension claim of Richard Rushing. It was written in a letter dated July 31, 1930, by B. W. Morgan, Acting Commissioner of Pensions, to Miss Edna Rushing, Sacramento, California.
"You are advised that it appears from the papers in the Revolutionary War pension claim, [S. or 8.] 21457, that Richard Rushing was born in 1849 in Virginia 'on [the] Roanoke'. "While residing in Anson County, North Carolina he served with the North Carolina troops, as follows:
"In 1776, three months in Captain John Jackson's Company, was in a skirmish at Drowning Creek where his brother William was wounded and soon after died; in 1777, nine months in Captain Stephen Jackson's Company; in 1778, ten months in the same company; in 1779, eight months in the same company; in 1780, six months in the same company. A part of the time he served in Colonel Wade's Regiment.
"He was in skirmishes on Black river, Bates Bridge, Lynch's Creek, Richardson's Creek and Thompson's Creek. "He was allowed pension on his application executed July 21, 1834, at which time he was living in Rushing Creek, Perry County, Tennessee, having lived there fifteen years.
"He stated that his brother Philip served with him most of the time.
"There is no reference to wife or children."
There is little proof of Richard's family, and the family presented in this database is somewhat of a composit. Richard seems to have had at least nine sons (including probably David in a separate household) and two daughters in the 1800 census of Anson County. There is proof that David, Willis, and Amy Boatwright were children of Richard. Dennis and Willis are always said to have been brothers, and the elder and younger Richard are in the same household in the 1840 census (based on ages children in the 1850 census). This is "Richard's family."
Then there is "Sarah's family." Sarah Rushing appears as age 80 in the household of Burrell Rushing, born ca. 1821, from the 1850 census. Her family includes Elijah, Isaac, and Burrell (born 1789). Phillip's wife is known from a deed to have been named Hannah, so Sarah could not have been his wife. Sarah seems to have been living in William Rushing's household in the 1830 census. Between 1830 and 1840 Elijah Rushing and his wife appear to have died. Sarah (listed as Sally) appears as head of a household in the 1840 census; this probably is Elijah's household, including Burrell (born 1821). This young Burrell has money by the mid 1840s when he buys a large amount of land, buys slaves, and builds a mansion which is still a local landmark. Where did the money come from? The best explaination would that Sarah inherited a larger widow's portion of Richard's estate and financed the acquistions of her grandson Burrell with whom she had been living for several years.
He married, first, Unknown Daughter Rushing (12), circa 1778. Children:
24 i. David[4] Rushing.
25 ii. Asa Rushing.
26 iii. Dennis Rushing.
33 iv. Amy Rushing.
He married, second, Sarah (Sally), before 1791. Born, circa 1770, in Anson Co., NC. Died, circa 1852, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1840, in Perry Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. There is a Sarah Rushing living in the household of Burrell Rushing (b. c1821) in 1850. In 1840 as Sally she is listed as head of what appears to be the same household. She probably is the wife of Richard Rushing even though she is in a separate household in 1840. She would be a second wife of Richard as she is not old enough to have been the mother of David Rushing. The placement of the second marriage in the age gap between Dennis and Richard is arbitrary, although given her association with Burrell, son of Elijah, this age gap seems more appropriate than the later age gap between Willis and D. M. All birth dates for these children are estimated. Should Willis prove older than Elijah, this second marriage probably would fall between. Available information would tend to support Willis to be of the first marriage.
What may have happened is that Elijah (and perhaps his wife) died before 1840, as Elijah is not in the 1840 census but his children are. Sarah might have moved into the household to care for the minor children, while the by now very elderly Richard remained in his own household with the family of his son Richard. Children:
27 v. Richard Rushing.
28 vi. Elijah Rushing.
29 vii. Willis Rushing.
30 viii. D. M. (Daniel??) Rushing.
31 ix. Burrell Rushing.
32 x. Isaac Rushing.
7. William[3] Rushing (William, 2). Born, circa 1755. Died, 1776, in Drowning Creek, Anson Co., NC. The following sketch of William Rushing appears in the "Rushing Past" newsletter dated September 1981. "William Rushing was a young man growing up in Anson County in the 1760's when most of his father's relatives and friends were openly advocating disolving all the ties with mother England due to the harsh, unreasonable and unjust treatment of the people of the Carolina colony. Most of William's friends and neighbors openly supported this open break. Being honorable men, the Rushings and their neighbors put their grievance in writing in a petition they signed and addressed to then Gov. Tryon. No sooner had these brave men delivered their petition than they were labeled rebels and outlaws by the English. Several of these men were hung for pursuing American Independence! English troops and militia were sent into Anson County to "keep the peace" and arrest "rebels" and their sympathisers. Armed Tory militia began military operations in the county. Many civilians were killed in these para-military operations. William and his neighbors took up arms to protect themselves, their families and their neighbors from these armed vigilantes. From 1768 to 1776, William fought in 19 major engagements with Tory and English troops in North and South Carolina. He was wounded on at least one other occasion. Finally, in the company of his brothers Richard and Phillip he fought in the battle of Drowning Creek in Anson County. He was mortally wounded. His brothers carried him to his parents home where he died. Owing to the circumstances of his death, his family could not give William a public funeral since to do so would be to invite the arrest of his family as "rebels" and harsh reprisals from the Tories. As with other patriots who were killed before the United States declared its Independence, William was buried in a secluded spot now lost in time."
This sketch seems to confuse the William who was killed at Drowning Creek other Williams in the same area. The William Rushing who died at Drowning Creek may have been the youngest son of his father and far too young to have been caught up in the Regulator movement. Nor is there any evidence that this William's family was in any way at outs with the colonial government as they received numerous land grants issued by the Royal Governor during the 1770s. This seems to have been the William Rushing who received Land Grant No. 8509 dated July 23, 1774, issued by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 150 acres in Anson County, on the southwest side of the Pee Dee River, joining a hill near Rushing Creek and near Talton's Creek, which is a branch of Thompson's Creek.
He married Unknown. Children:
i. William[4] Rushing. Born, circa 1775. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC. This is the younger of the two William Rushing Juniors listed in the 1800 census in Anson County, North Carolina.
8. Jacob[3] Rushing (William, 2). Born, circa 1760. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1840, in Madison Co., TN. Jacob Rushing appears in the 1783 petition to move the courthouse for Anson County. He appears in a sequence of signatures which goes Abraham Rushing, Phillip Rushing, Thomas Wright, John Willis, Isaac Jackson, Thomas Meador, Jason Meador, Richard Rushing, Robert Rushing, Jacob Rushing. According to Barbara Crumpton of Duncan Oklahoma, who has researched Jacob to the extent available records allow, in Anson County legal transactions Jacob Rushing is associated with either Abraham Rushing or one of the families allied to Abraham Rushing (e.g., Mobberly, Meador). Records for Madison County do not show if Jacob Rushing died there or moved on and do not indicate what happened to the property Jacob owned there. Census data -- Anson Co., NC, 1790: 11-3; Anson Co., NC, 1800: 0101-4211. Stewart Co., TN, 1820: 10011-201; Madison Co., TN, 1840: 0010000001-00013.
He married Unknown. Children:
34 i. Phillip[4] Rushing.
9. Solomon[3] Rushing (William, 2). Died, 1811, in Anson Co., NC.
Solomon Rushing received Land Grant No. 4116 issued January 22, 1773 by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 200 acres on the southwest side of the Pee Dee River, joining the bank of a small drain on the north side of Richard Rushing branch on Brown's Creek. Solomon's will specifically names daughters Mary Ann and Susanny. It also clearly indicates that he has other children. Paul Rushing and Stephen Rushing, executors of his estate, and John Rushing and Mathew Rushing, the witnesses to the will, probably are Solomon's sons.
He married Elizabeth. Children:
i. Solomon[4] Rushing. This Solomon was age 16-26 and living in his father's household in 1810.
ii. Mathew Rushing. Census: 1810, in Anson Co., NC. This Mathew Rushing may have moved to Alabama.
iii. Mary Ann Rushing.
iv. Susanna Rushing.
v. Stephen Rushing. Census: 1810, in Anson Co., NC. This probably is the Stephen Rushing whose family moved to Sumpter Co., Alabama.
vi. Paul Rushing. Born, circa 1780. Died, before 1860. Census: 1810, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1850, in Anderson Co., TX. Paul Rushing lived on Black Jack Creek. He may have left Anson County circa 1820 as noted by the following deed in the Anson County deed books: "THIS INDENTURE made the 15th. day of January in the year of our Lord 1820 between Paul Rushing of the County of Anson & State of North Carolina of the one part and Moses Moore of the same county and state of the other part. WITNESSETH for and in consideration of the sum of five hundred and twelve dollars in hand paid by the said Moses the receipt and full payment whereof is hereby acknowledged hath bargained sold conveyed and confirmed and by these presents doth bargain sell alien and confirm unto the said Moses Moore a certain tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in the aforesaid county of Anson on both sides of Black Jack Branch of Brown Creek . . . [description of bounds] . . . containing two hundred and fourty four acres be the same more or less which the said tract or parcel of land the said Paul Rushing for himself his heirs and assigns doth hereby warrant and forever defend unto the said Moses Moore his heirs and assigns the aforesaid tract or parcel of land and every part and parcel and every appertenance thereunto belonging fee and clear from any lawful claim of any person or persons whatsoever. In witness whereof the said Paul Rushing hath hereunto set his hand and affixed his seal the day and date first above written. Signed Sealed and Delivered in the presence of Thomas Ashcraft and John Jordan." Paul Rushing (seal).
vii. John Rushing. Census: 1810, in Anson Co., NC.
10. Robert[3] Rushing (William, 3). Born, before 1755. Died, circa 1836, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1820, in Anson Co., NC.
Robert Rushing received Land Grant No. 4197 issued January 22, 1773, by Josiah Martin, Royal Governor of the Colony of North Carolina. The grant was for 150 acres in Anson County on the lower side of Little Brown Breek, joining William's line, north of Haw Branch and a point near Johnston's line. In 1778 Robert Rushing received land on Brown's Creek from William Rushing (Anson County Deed Book K, p. 470) "...the said William Rushing for diverse good causes and considerations him thereunto moving but more especially for and in consideration of the natural love and affection he bearith towards the said Rubert Rushing...." Witnesses were William Rushing, Jr., Noah Rushing, and Benjamin Jackson.
The heirs of Robert Rushing are shown in two deeds. The first is recorded in Union County Deed Book 4. "This indenture made this 16th day of Nov in the year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and thirty six between Joseph Rushing, William Deason & Milly Rushing of Bedford County and Nancy Rushing of Perry County Sarah Rushing William Rushing and Robert Rushing of Benton County and all of the State of Tennessee Heirs and legatees of Robert Rushing Dec'd of the one part and William M. Rushing of Anson County of the State of North Carolina of the other part Witnesseth that for and in consideration of the sum of Two hundred dollars then the said party of the first part in hand paid by him the party of the second part the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged have bargained sold and conveyed and by these presents do bargain sell and convey unto the said William M. Rushing his heirs and assigns forever a certain tract or piece of land Granted by the State of North Carolina to the said Robert Rushing Dec'd on the 24th of October 1786 and the 12th of Decr. 1816 and containing by estimation two hundred acres and lying and being in Anson County State of North Carolina and bounded as follows...." Signed: Joseph Rushing, Wm. (x) Deason, Milly (x) Rushing, Nancy (x) Rushing, Sarah (x) Rushing, William Rushing, Robert Rushing. Witnesses: William G. Rushing, E. D. Rushing, Jackson Rushing, S. I. Rushing, A. Little Jurit as to W. Deason.
The second appears in Anson County Deed Book 4, p. 533. "This indenture made this 25th day of February A.D. 1839 between Stephen Huntley and his wife Drucilla Huntley of the County of Anson and state of North Carolina on the one part and William M. Rushing of the same County and State of the other part witnesseth that the said Stephen and Drucilla Huntley have for and in Consideration of the sum of Twenty five Dollars Cash in hand the receipt and full payment whereof is hereby fully acknowledged bargained sold and conveyed to the aforesaid William M. Rushing all their right claim title or interest to a certain tract or parcel of land granted to Robert Rushing Dec'd on the 24th of October 1786 and the 12th Decr 1816 and from his heirs descended to the said Stephen and Drucilla Huntley as legatees and heirs at law of said Robert Rushing Dec'd...." Signed: Stephen Huntley, Drucilla (x) Huntley. Witnesses: R. Rogers, B. E. Ashcraft.
The above are based on the research of Virgil W. Huntley of Mystic, Connecticut.
He married Unknown (Jemima Jackson?). Children:
i. Sophia J.[4] Rushing. Born, circa 1771, in Anson Co., NC. She married Thomas Jasper Herrin, son of William Elisha Herrin and Mary Agniss Abimlick, 11 Nov 1786, in NC. Marriage(2): 9 Nov 1788.
35 ii. Joseph Rushing.
iii. John Rushing. Born, circa 1776, in Anson Co., NC. Died, 10 Dec 1827, in Bedford Co., TN. Burial in Bedford Co., TN. He married Milly Deason, daughter of Enoch Deason and Rebecca (Rushing?), 18 Sep 1805, in Anson Co., NC.
36 iv. David Rushing.
37 v. Sarah Rushing.
vi. Elizabeth Rushing. Born, circa 1784, in Anson Co., NC. She married, first, James Little, before 1800. She married, second, William Deason, son of Enoch Deason and Rebecca (Rushing?), before 1820.
vii. Drucilla Rushing. Christened, 1786, in NC. Died, 1864. She married Stephen Huntley, circa 1805.
38 viii. Abel Rushing.
39 ix. William R. Rushing.
40 x. Robert (Robin) Rushing.
11. Mark[3] Rushing (William, 3). Born, circa 1770, in NC. Died, before 1850, in Hardin Co., TN?. Census: 1840, in Hardin Co., TN.
In general, there seems to be an affinity between the various Marks and the family of the Rev. War veteran Phillip. Mark Rushing's first wife may have been a daughter of Phillip Rushing. There were two Mark Rushings in Perry Co., TN, in 1830. This may have been one of them. Census data for Hardin Co., TN, 1840: 012020001-00012001.
He married Mary. Born, circa 1782, in NC. Census: 1850, in Hardin Co., TN. Children:
i. Susan[4] Rushing. Born, circa 1816. Census: 1850, in Hardin Co., TN.
ii. Calvin C. Rushing. Born, circa 1829. Census: 1850, in Hardin Co., TN.
iii. Green W. Rushing. Born, circa 1833. Census: 1850, in Hardin Co., TN.
12. Unknown Daughter[3] Rushing (William, 3). Died, before 1791.
She married Richard Rushing (6).
13. William[3] Rushing (William, 3). Born, circa 1755. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC.
This is the William Rushing, Jr., of the 1790 census in Anson County, North Carolina, and the elder of the two William Rushing Juniors in the 1800 census in Anson County.
The following is a deed recorded on page 272 of Anson County Deed Book H:
"To all people to whom these presents shall come I William Rushing of the State of North Carolina in the County of Anson, PLANTER, for and in consideration of the love and and good will and affection which I have and do bear towards my son William Rushing of the same state and county have given and grant & by these presents do freely give and grant unto the said William Rushing his heirs executors or administrators all and singular about fifty acres of land taken from my survey of four hundred acres beginning at a black walnut by the fork of the little creek & running near a north course to another line of which (before the signing of these presents) I have delivered him the said William Rushing an inventory signed with my own hand bearing date 1781 to have and to hold all the said land to him the said William Rushing his heirs executors or administrators from henceforth to be his property asolutely without any manner of condition in witness whereof I hereunto set my hand & seal the seventeenth day of August one thousand seven hundred and eighty one signed sealed and delivered in presence of Joseph Friffeth [Griffeth?] Noah Rushing. Wm. Rushing (seal).
"January Cot. 1782 then the within deed was acknowledged by William Rushing Sen." [Transcription made by Virgil W. Huntley, Mystic, CT.]
He married an unknown woman. Children:
41 i. Richard[4] Rushing.
FOURTH GENERATION
14. William[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, 1771. Died, 1856. Birth(2): 1786. This is a composit family which probably should be considered speculative. Two lines of Rushings claim descendant from the William Rushing who married Elizabeth Tilghman and both claim that this William was a son of Abraham Rushing. Identifying that particular William as the son of Abraham is speculative. Descendants of Laben Rushing in Kaufman Co., TX, list William's birth date as 1786. The William who was son of Abraham would be older because he received a deed of gift from his father in 1789.
Susan Knight Gore of Memphis who researches the family of Clement Rushing considers Clement Rushing and Laben Rushing to have been brothers and echos the claim of descent from William Rushing, son of Abraham and husband of Elizabeth Tilghman.
Another brother is Mark, who was guardian of Clement Rushing's minor children. As the Mark in the 1850 census in the part of Stewart County which later became Houston County was born before the 1801 marriage of William Rushing and Elizabeth Tilghman, the Mark used as brother here is the Mark who died in Humphreys Co. circa 1847.
He married Elizabeth Tilghman, daughter of John Tilghman and Sarah Eggarton, 12 Mar 1801. Born, 1781. Children:
42 i. Clement[5] Rushing.
ii. Mark Rushing. Born in NC. Died, circa 1847, in Humphreys Co., TN.
iii. Laben Rushing. Born, 1812, in NC. Died, after 1870. Census: 1840, in Sumter Co., AL. Census: 1860, in Scott Co., MS. He married Rosanna Harrell. Laben Rushing was in Sumter Co., AL, in 1840 and 1850 and in Scott Co., MS, in 1860 and 1870. Some of his descendants moved to Kaufman Co., TX. His family is outlined in "History of Kaufman County, Texas."
15. Abraham[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, 1772. Died, 1848, in Humphreys Co., TN. Census: 1820, in Rutherford Co., TN.
The following information is from a sketch of Abraham Rushing 1772-1848 by Bill Medling which appears in "Rushing Past," III(2), June 1981.
"We know that Abraham lived in Anson Co., N.C., and that he was born in 1772, came to Tenn. in or before 1810. On 4 Dec., 1810, he and his wife, Celia (Cealy) joined Garrison Fork Baptist Church by letter. . . . Garrison Fork Church is near Beech Grove.
"In 1813, Sister Ceiley Rushing was found 'faulty' and excluded from the church. She and Abraham were later divorced. In 1815, Abraham Rushing was also excluded from the church for marrying a 2nd wife & his first wife was still living. New we learn from Cuz Betty Riley whom I obtained many of these facts, that Abraham bought land in Stewart Co. in 1832, moved to that county in 1834, being accompanied by an Abel Rushing."
Abraham lived in White Oak Creek section of Stewart County which was later transferred back to Humphreys County. His will was probated and his estate was settled in Humphreys County. Abraham is the ancestor of many Rushings in the White Oak Creek section of Hemphreys County, Tennessee. Through his son John, he also is ancestor of the Rushings living around Rutherford and Cannon Counties, Tennessee.
This Abraham seems to have had one son and four daughters born before 1800 and two additional sons and two additional daughters born before 1810. The list of the children Abraham is partially based on the work of Bill Medlin mentioned above.
He married, first, Celia. Divorce, circa 1814. Children:
43 i. John[5] Rushing.
ii. Nancy Rushing. Born, circa 1795. Census: 1850, in Humphreys Co., TN. She married Unknown Dunlap. In this 1850 census she is listed as guardian of Caroline Rushing and Philander Rushing.
iii. Joel Rushing. Born, circa 1796. Census: 1850, in Anson Co., NC. This Joel is in Francis Thomas' list of children of Abraham Rushing Jr. However, this Joel Rushing's age and location in Anson Co., TN, seem to be in conflict with Abraham Rushing Jr.'s move to Tennessee by 1810.
iv. Abel Rushing. Born, circa 1800. Census: 1830, in Stewart Co., TN. Census: 1840, in Humphreys Co., TN. Census data for Abel Rushing, Humphreys Co., TN, 1840: 1111001-0010001.
He married, second, Elizabeth Powell, circa 1815. Children:
44 v. William Wilson Rushing.
45 vi. R. (Rowland?) B. Rushing.
vii. Willis Rushing. Born, before 1820. Died, circa 1846. Census: 1840, in Houston Co., TN. This Willis Rushing is age 20-30 in the 1840 census and seems to have a wife and one son under 5. He died befor 1846 and Abraham Rushing received letters of administration of his estate which made provisions for his widow and family. He had a daughter Eliza A. Rushing (Elizabeth Crosswell was appointer her guardian).
46 viii. David Rushing.
ix. Caroline Rushing. Born, circa 1830.
x. Elizabeth Rushing. Born, circa 1831.
47 xi. George W. Rushing.
48 xii. Philander G. Rushing.
16. Jason[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, circa 1775. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC.
He married Alice Gulledge, daughter of William Gulledge and Bathsheba. Children:
i. Malachi[5] Rushing. Born, 5 Jun 1798. This Malachi Rushing is said to have been the William M. Rushing in Anson County who purchased the Robert Rushing estate. The Malachi Rushing in Perry County, TN, in 1830 probably was a son of one of the Mark Rushings.
ii. Lucie Rushing. Born, 30 Mar 1800.
iii. Asa Rushing. Born, 25 Dec 1801, in Cherah Hill, Anson Co., NC. Died, 15 Oct 1851, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in New Hope Cem., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Occupation: Planter. He married Nancy G. Hendricks, 1825, in Anson Co., NC. Asa Rushing visited Perry County, Tennessee, in 1824, but returned to Anson County, North Carolina, where he married Nancy G. Hendricks. In 1827 he moved to Perry County (later Decatur County), Tennessee, and settled on the south side of Beech River about three miles west of Decaturville. He is listed in the 1850 census as owning 400 acres of land in Decatur County. He is known to have been a surveyor. He was a charter member of New Hope Baptist Church.
iv. Nancy Rushing. Born, 8 Oct 1803.
49 v. Joel Rushing.
vi. Mary Rushing. Born, 7 Feb 1808.
vii. Matilda Rushing. Born, 14 Dec 1809.
viii. Barsheba Rushing. Born, 3 Mar 1812.
50 ix. William Gulledge Rushing.
x. Abel Rushing. Born, 6 Feb 1816.
xi. Green Berry Rushing. Born, 6 Aug 1818, in SC. Died, 22 Sep 1898, in Union Co., NC. Burial in Carraway Cem., Union Co., NC. Census: 1840, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1850, in Union Co., NC. Occupation: Veterinarian. He married Penelope Deese.
xii. Elijah James Rushing. Born, 8 Sep 1820. Died, 1885. Burial in Faulks Bapt. C., Union Co., NC. He married Elizabeth Thomas.
17. Peter[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, circa 1785, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1820, in Bedford Co., TN. Census: 1840, in Calloway Co., KY.
The family of Peter is based on tentative conclusions and speculations of descendant Lee Rushing of Port Charles, Florida, outlined in letters dated January 26 and May 27, 1993, to David Donahue, and on the research of the late Georgia Maxwell Cox, Ozark, Illinois. Peter seems to have six sons, two daughters, and a wife in the 1820 census. Census data in 1830 in Bedford Co., Tennessee: 21113001-1101201.
He married Hester Frizzell, daughter of Nathan Frizzell and Ruahama Weaver, circa 1803, in Anson Co., NC. Born, 23 Dec 1785, in Anson Co., TN. Died, before 1840. This is going out on a limb. This wife of Peter Rushing is unknown. The Hester Frizzell born in 1785, daughter of Nathan Frizzell and Ruahama, is said to have been the first wife of Nathan Rushing. However, Hester Frizzell would be over 20 years older than Nathan Rushing based on his age in the 1860 census and would seem far too old to be mother of the children of Nathan Rushing's first marriage who were born 1826-1834. Dates, names, and locations would fit better if Hester Frizzell is used as mother rather than wife of Nathan Rushing. Children:
51 i. Nathaniel (Nathan)[5] Rushing.
ii. Lucinda Rushing. She married Ezekiel L. Bevin, 15 May 1828, in Calloway Co., KY.
52 iii. Alfred Rushing.
53 iv. Frances H. (Fanny) Rushing.
54 v. William L. (Lewis?) Rushing.
55 vi. Milton M. Rushing.
vii. Preston Rushing. This is one of two names said by tradition to be children of Peter Rushing. Another is Philander, though in the case of Philander it is most likely to be a confusion of Peter's son-in-law Philander Yandell. There is a Preston Rushing in Saline County, Arkansas, in 1860. There is another Preston Rushing (1844-1862) at the Old Zion Cemetery, Pope Co., IL, apparently son of Abraham Rushing (1818-1862).
56 viii. Abraham D. Rushing.
57 ix. Payton Calvin Rushing.
18. Phillip J.[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, circa 1777, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1820, in Anson Co., NC. Resided: 1830, in Humphreys Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Stewart Co., TN.
This is the Philip I. Rushing in 1800 in Anson County, the younger Philip Rushing in 1820, and Philep J. Rushing in 1820. In 1817, Peniah and Phillip J. Rushing sign as heirs in the selling of the estate of Thomas Gaddy, Sr., to Wm. Dismukes (Anson County Deed Book S, p. 297). The family proposed for Phillip in this database is hypothetical. It consists of the William Rushing with whom Phillip is living in 1850 in Stewart Co., TN, plus the Darling Rushing in the adajacent household. Then there is the J. J. Rushing in Benton Co. whose descendants think was descended from Phillip J. Rushing. Added to this is the John D. Rushing in Benton Co., TN, in 1850 whose ancestry has not been proven, who fits census data for the family of Phillip J. Rushing, and whose son Francis Marrion Rushing is buried in the same Williamson Co., IL, cemetery as J. J. Rushing's son James Darling Rushing. John D. and Jonathan J. appear on the same page of the Benton Co., TN, census in 1840. Added to this is the Roland Rushing in Benton Co., TN, in 1850, who may have a son named Darling Rushing. In the Dennis Rushing family Roland Rushing is stated to be a son of Phillip J. Rushing, but it is also claimed that Phillip J. Rushing was the Rev. War Veteran Phillip Rushing (Roland is too young). The Abraham Rushing is is here because of name and age fit only, and to place a loose family line somewhere that makes sense. This connection is far shakier than others. Personally, I prefer to think of the Darling Rushing, age 22, in 1850, as a grandson and the Darling Rushing, age 48, sheriff of Union Co., NC, as son of this Phillip Rushing. In the 1840 census Phillip appears on page 334. Census data. Anson Co., NC, 1810: 3101-1001. Anson Co., NC, 1820: 22131-2101. Stewart Co., TN, 1840: 100110001-0002.
He married Peniah Gaddy. Died, before 1840. Children:
58 i. John D.[5] Rushing.
59 ii. Roland Rushing.
60 iii. Abraham Rushing.
61 iv. William H. Rushing.
62 v. Jonathan J. Rushing.
63 vi. Darling Rushing.
19. Thomas M.[4] Rushing (Abraham, 4). Born, circa 1783, in NC. Died, before 1870, in Bedford Co., TN. Census: 1820, in Bedford Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
The family given here for Thomas M. Rushing is based on the research of Gertrude Rushing of Denison, TX. The vertical file at the Crittenden County Public Library in Marion, KY, contains family group sheets for Thomas Rushing, Wilson E. Rushing, and several of Wilson E. Rushing's children. To Gertrude Rushing's list of the children of Thomas I added Margaret and Andrew E. based on the 1850 census.
He married Elizabeth. Born, circa 1787. Died, before 1870, in Bedford Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN. Children:
64 i. Wilson E.[5] Rushing.
ii. Alice Rushing. Born, circa 1805, in NC. She married Unknown Marr.
65 iii. Mary (Polly) Rushing.
66 iv. Patrick Rushing.
67 v. Ruahalla Rushing.
vi. Elizabeth Rushing. Born, circa 1818. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN. Elizabeth Rushing never married.
vii. Dolpha Jane Rushing. Born, circa 1821, in Bedford Co., TN. She married A. J. Stinnett, circa 1841, in Bedford Co., TN.
viii. Ester Paralee Rushing. Born, 13 Nov 1823, in Bedford Co., TN. Died, 9 Oct 1883, in Bedford Co., TN. She married William Stinnett, circa 1839, in Bedford Co., TN.
68 ix. John C. Rushing.
x. Margaret Rushing. Born, circa 1827. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
69 xi. Andrew E. Rushing.
20. Phillip R.[4] Rushing (Phillip, 5). Born, circa 1765. Died, 1814, in Stewart Co., TN. Census: 1790, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1800, in Anson Co., NC.
By comparing the three Philip/Phillip Rushings in Anson County from 1790 to 1820, especially be comparing their ages and the ages of their children, it seems most likely that the Philip Rushing Jr. in the census in 1790 must have been the Phillip to purchase land in Stewart County, Tennessee, in 1812. Census data, Anson County, 1800: 5201-101. This shows two sons born before 1790 and five more (including Reuben and Larkin) born before 1800. This Phillip was in Stewart County in 1808 when he lived on Guices Creek and served in Captain Wardens co. of the militia.
In 1814 Isaac Lanier and later John Bailey were administrators of the estate. An inventory for the estate was returned May 2, 1814.
In 1816 the court appointed Elijah Lowry as guardian of the ophan children of Phillip Rushing deceased, naming Reuben, Larkin, Betsy, Anna, and Jemima. Elijah Rushing and Lewis Brewer were securities to the guardianship.
In February 1818 40 acres of Phillip's estate were conveyed to Mark Cooper.
He married Jemima. Children:
70 i. John P. (Peter?)[5] Rushing.
71 ii. William Rushing.
72 iii. Mark Rushing.
73 iv. Unknown Rushing.
74 v. Reuben Rushing.
75 vi. Larkin Rushing.
vii. Betsy Rushing.
viii. Anna Rushing.
ix. Jemima Rushing.
21. Hardy[4] Rushing (Phillip, 5). Born, circa 1770. Died, before 1840, in Stewart Co., TN. Census: 1820, in Stewart Co., TN. The parents of Hardy Rushing are unknown. In this database Hardy Rushing is assigned as a son of the Revolutionary War veteran Phillip Rushing. This is based largely on the estimated date of his birth. Also, the majority of Hardy Rushing's first family left Stewart Co. area, as did most or all of the family of Phillip Rushing Jr. Names for children of Hardy Rushing's second marriage are similar to those found in the among Rushings from the Little Brown's Creek/Thompson Creek area of Anson Co. Could Hardy Rushing's second wife Elizabeth also be a Rushing?
Hardy Rushing appears in the 1820 census in Stewart Co., TN. He was married twice. The 1800 census in Anson County, NC, showshim married with a son and a daughter under 10. In the 1810 census, he appears to have three sons under 10, one son 10-16, and two daughters under 10. 1820 census data are 101401-10100. Assignment of Phillip, Whitmill, and R. D. as children of the first marriage is abritrary. They are Rushings which do not fit other proven and hypothetical groupings in this database. At least one source lists Hardy as a possible alternative name for R. D. Rushing
Hardy Rushing's second family is proven in Stewart County land grants and deeds.
He married, first, Unknown, before 1800. Children:
i. Phillip[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1800. Census: 1820, in Stewart Co., TN.
79 ii. R. D. Rushing.
76 iii. Whitmill Rushing.
He married, second, Elizabeth, after 1820. Born, circa 1794, in SC. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN. Children:
77 iv. Abel Rushing.
78 v. Levin Rushing.
vi. James R. Rushing. Born, circa 1827, in Humphreys Co., TN. Occupation: Farmer. He married Martha Cross, 16 Sep 1849, in Benton Co., TN.
vii. David Rushing. Born, circa 1833, in TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
viii. Robert Rushing. Born, circa 1837, in TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
ix. Susannan (Susan) A. Rushing.
22. Hannah[4] Rushing (Phillip, 5). Born, after 1770. Census: 1830, in Perry Co., TN.
It is known that Hannah, the wife of Henry White, was a Rushing. She is assigned here as a daughter of Phillip primarily because Calvin Lacy, Phillip's guardian in 1838, is associated in 1830 Perry County, Tennessee, census records with the White family. Also, among Anson County records, it is Phillip Rushing whose name is most often associated with the Whites. Phillip Rushing and Joseph White owned adjacent property on Black Jack Creek in Anson County.
She married Henry White, son of Joseph White and Sarah. Born, circa 1765. Census: 1830, in Perry Co., TN. Note: At the time I created the Illinois Rushing database, I only had Reuben and Rebecca connected as children of Henry White and Hannah Rushing. In my original database of Rushings in Decatur and Henderson counties, TN, I now include eight children and over 2,000 descendants. Children:
80 i. Reubin[5] White.
ii. Rebecca White. Born, 27 Oct 1800, in NC. Died, 16 Mar 1864. Burial in Brigance Cem., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1830, in Perry Co., TN. She married Abraham Harrell, circa 1817. This is an hypothesis without proof. Rebecca, wife of Abraham Harrell, probably was the daughter of Henry White. In the 1830 census of Perry County, Tennessee. Abraham Harrell appears two households away from Henry White and adjacent to Reuben White. This would also be consistent with the close associations of Harrells and Whites with Rushings in the 1790 census of Anson County, North Carolina.
23. Millie[4] Rushing (Phillip, 5). Born, circa 1785.
She married Jesse Lacy, son of Thomas Lacy and Kesiah Griffith in Anson Co., NC. Born, 20 Mar 1770. Children:
i. Calvin[5] Lacy. Born, 13 Jan 1806. Died, 3 Dec 1875, in Booneville, Prentiss Co., MS. Burial in Booneville Cem., Prentiss Co., MS. He married Nancy Stephens in Perry Co., TN. Calvin Lacy is said to have been well off. Perry County Circuit Court records show that in 1838 he was guardian of Phillip Rushing in a record where Calvin Lacy is petitioning the court to be replaced as Phillip's guardian. Calvin Lacy had no children.
ii. Hiram Lacy. Born, circa 1811, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Occupation: Sheriff. He married Nancy.
iii. William Carroll Lacy. Born in Savannah, Hardin Co., TN. Died, 13 Jul 1901, in Prentiss Co., MS. Burial in Mackey's Creek C, Prentiss Co., MS. He married Elizabeth Riddle, 1841.
iv. Keziah Lacy. Born, 24 Aug 1824. Died, 7 Sep 1845, in Prentiss Co., MS. Burial in Mackey's Creek C, Prentiss Co., MS. She married James Files Gresham, 19 Jan 1843, in Prentiss Co., MS.
v. Nancy Lacy.
vi. Anna Lacy.
vii. Elizabeth Lacy. Died before 1849. She married Noah Williams.
24. David[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1782, in Anson Co., NC. Died, circa 1845, in Pope Co., AR. Burial in Old Cem., near Rushing Cem, Pope Co., AR.
"David Rushing was born in c. 1785 in North Carolina. He immigrated to Dickson Co., Tennessee where he engaged in farming. During the War of 1812, David Rushing . . . joined Capt. Michael Molton's Troop of West Tennessee Cavalry under the command of Col. John Coffee. In c. 1835, David Rushing . . . [and family] left Tennessee and settled on Big Piney Creek, Martin Township, Pope County, Arkansas. Through the years the settlement became known as the 'Rushing Community.' Located northwest of Dover, the 'Rushing Church' still stands having been built in 1899. . . . David Rushing died c. 1845 and is buried in the 'old abandoned cemetery' located northwest of the present day 'Rushing Cemetery.' The cemetery is much grown up with large trees and undergrowth. Graves can be located by native stone markers. However, no grave stones exist that contain names or dates. This was the community cemetery until the time of the Civil War." [History of Pope County (Arkansas)]
He married Mary Goodrich in Dickson Co., TN. Born in Hanover Co., NC. Died, 1843, in Pope Co., AR. Children:
i. Sarah[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1804. She married James Denton. Sarah Rushing lived all her life in Stewart Co., TN.
ii. Narcissa Rushing. Born, circa 1805, in TN. She married Stephen Rye.
81 iii. James Rushing.
iv. George Rushing. Born, 11 Oct 1811, in Dickson Co., TN. Occupation: Farmer. He married Mary Brown Humphrey, 14 Dec 1832.
v. David Rushing. Born, 1813, in Dickson Co., TN. He married Jane Hays, 6 Jul 1837, in Pope Co., AR.
vi. Burrell Rushing. Born, 25 Oct 1815, in Dickson Co., TN. Died, 1898, in Pope Co., AR. Burial in Rushing Cem., Pope Co., AR. Occupation: Farmer. He married, first, Mary Hays, 19 Mar 1843, in Pope Co., IL. He married, second, Amanda P. Mallory.
vii. Edward Rushing. Born, circa 1818, in Stewart Co., TN.
viii. William R. Rushing. Born, circa 1823, in Stewart Co., TN. Died, 1852.
ix. Dennis Rushing. Born, circa 1825, in Stewart Co., TN. He married Nancy Mason, 20 Dec 1848, in Pope Co., AR.
x. Eliza Ann Rushing. Born, circa 1827, in Stewart Co., TN. She married Lewis W. Dickey, 18 Aug 1847, in Pope Co., AR.
xi. Nancy Ann Rushing. Born, 15 Apr 1829. Died, 9 Jan 1910. She married John McFadden, 23 Jan 1846, in Pope Co., AR.
25. Asa[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1785. Died, before 1850. Census: 1830, in Perry Co., TN. Census: 1840, in Perry Co., TN.
I have this assigned the family of Sarah Rushing in the 1850 census of Decatur Co., TN, to the family of Richard Rushing based on the name Richard. Asa Rushing on p. 171 of the 1840 census of in Perry Co., TN, would seem to be the best fit based on the females in the household. (The Asa Rushing on p. 180 is the Asa Rushing 1801-1851 buried at New Hope Cemetery in Decatur Co.) The fit on ages for the household on the p. 171 Asa Rushing is not good, but it is better than the fit for other Rushings in the 1840 census. The problem is that the Asa on p. 171 in 1840 might be the Asa on p. 234 in the 1830 census. All Rushings in the 1830 census of Perry Co., TN, on p. 234 may comprise the family of Mark Rushing; none except possibly Asa are in Perry Co. in 1840. The alternatives among Rushings in Perry Co. in 1840 are D. M./Daniel Rushing and Jacob Rushing. After returning to Tennessee, the family of David Thomas Rushing settled in the eastern Henderson Co. area near other descendants of Richard. Census data for Perry County, 1840:
Asa Rushing 02010001-0120001
D. M. Rushing 1120001-00101
Jacob Rushing 112001-110001
He married Sarah. Born, circa 1798, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Children:
i. Jane[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1820, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
ii. Mary Rushing. Born, circa 1826, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
iii. Ann Rushing. Born, circa 1828, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
iv. Richard G. Rushing. Born, 24 Oct 1828, in Perry Co., TN. Died, 23 Feb 1892. Burial in Old Beech R. Cem, Henderson Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1870, in Decatur Co., TN. Occupation: Farmer. He married, first, Clary, circa 1848. He married, second, Ibba, circa 1875. Richard Rushing enlisted in in Union Army in Company E, 6th Tenn. Cavalry at Bethel, Tennessee, on September 18, 1862. He later was in Company G at Pulaski, Tennessee. He mustered out of service at Pulaski, Tennessee, July 26, 1865. His military record describes him as age 35 years, light complexion, blue eyes.
v. David Thomas Rushing. Born, circa 1833, in TN. Died, before 1880. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Atchinson Co., MO. He married Amanda Jane Kelley, circa 1856. There is an inquiry about David Thomas Rushing in the March 1982 issue of the "Rushing Past" family newsletter. In the inquiry Mrs. Neal Mullis of Norfolk, Virginia, states "David reportedly killed by indians while moving his family back to TN from NEB."
vi. Mary Jane Rushing. Born, circa 1836, in TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
26. Dennis[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1786, in Anson Co., NC. Died, 1860, in Benton Co., TN. Burial in D. Rushing Cem., Benton Co., TN (unmarked). Census: 1820, in Stewart Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
Dennis Rushing was a Corporal in captain Gray's Company of the Second Regiment of the Tennessee Militia infantry in the War of 1812. He and his brother Willis were the first settlers in Benton County and settled in what is now the Rushing Creek community. They filed a joint claim for 200 acres deeded to the United States by the Chickasaw Indians.
He married Kesiah Bell, daughter of George Bell. Born, 1786, in NC. Burial in D. Rushing Cem., Benton Co., TN (unmarked). Children:
i. Elizabeth[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1805. Died, Dec 1859. She married Abner Smalley. Elizabeth (Rushing) Smalley died of lung disease.
82 ii. Richard B. Rushing.
83 iii. Zilpha Rushing.
84 iv. Asa D. Rushing.
v. Harriet Rushing. Born, 1 Dec 1819. Died, 22 Nov 1914. Burial in D. Rushing Cem., Benton Co., TN. She married Thomas Pitt. In the 1870 census and 1900 census she was living in the home of her brother David Lilly Ruishing. She is also said to have married Edmond Brewer.
85 vi. Milley Ann Parthena Rushing.
86 vii. Joel T./S. Rushing.
87 viii. David Lilly Rushing.
ix. Roland Rushing. Born, circa 1828. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
x. Willis J. Rushing. Born, circa 1830. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
27. Richard[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1790, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. Occupation: Farmer.
Census data for Richard Rushing, 1840, Perry County: 112000100001-1101001.
He married Prudence. Born, circa 1800. Died, 26 Jul 1886. Burial in White Cemetery, Navarro Co., TX. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1880, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. Children:
i. Calvin[5] Rushing. Born, 30 Aug 1830, in TN. Died, 25 Sep 1912. Burial in White Cemetery, Navarro Co., TX. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1880, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. Occupation: Farmer. He married Harriet J. Griffin, daughter of Guilford Griffin and Elizabeth.
ii. Willis Rushing. Born, 26 Oct 1835, in TN. Died, 16 Jan 1901. Burial in White Cemetery, Navarro Co., TX. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. He married Mary F. M. Newman, 15 Mar 1863, in Navarro Co., TN.
iii. Elizabeth Rushing. Born, circa 1840, in Perry Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. She married Calvin Newman, 7 Oct 1858, in Navarro Co., TX.
iv. Jackson Rushing. Born, circa 1845, in TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Corsicana P.O., Navarro Co., TX. He married Archilla Bassett, 8 Sep 1870, in Navarro Co., TX.
v. Elijah Rushing. Born, circa 1853. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1870, in Navarro Co., TX.
28. Elijah[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1791. Died, before 1840. Census: 1830, in Perry Co., TN.
The family of Elijah Rushing is outlined in a letter dated December 27, 1986, from Sonja Jenkins to Virginia Whitaker, Monroe, Louisiana. Ms. Jenkins writes:
"I know that Elijah was the father to:
1. John P.
2. Milly (married a Stinson)
3. Caroline (married John Hambleton)
4. Burrell
5. E. R. Chambers
6. William R.
This is from a deed I have from Decatur County, Tennessee."
He married Unknown. Children:
i. John P.[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1810. Census: 1850, in Henderson Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Elizabeth.
ii. William R. Rushing. Born, circa 1814. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Occupation: Farmer. He married, first, Unknown (Elizabeth?) Brashers, circa 1835. He married, second, Hannah Rushing, before 1850.
iii. Burrell Rushing. Born, circa 1821, in AL. Died, circa 1864, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Tolley Cem.?, Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Sarah Jane Houston. The house lived in by Burrell Rushing later came to be known as the Townsend House. The following is from Lillye Younger's "History of Decatur County."
"Townsend House, an Ante-Bellum house in Parsons has an interesting history despite the fact it is still a home.
"It is a picturesque colonial house, perched on a hill, overlooking a crest of fertile farm land and green pastures with cattle grazing lands, about one mile east of Parsons on the old Perryville road.
"It was formerly a two-story log house, chinked with mud, which was built during the 1830's.... It was built with an open hall through the center of the house, which was called a 'dog trot' back then....
"The house was sold to Burl [sic.] Rushing in 1844.... Some years later he married Sarah Houston and they lived here. During the civil war days "Aunt Sarah" as she was called, sat on the front porch all day during the battle of Shilo and could hear the roar of the cannons from the battles, a distance of 50 miles. Many years later she entertained her grandchildren with accounts of this incident.
"During the war the guerillas entered the couple's home in search of gold an d strung up her husband in an effort to get him to tell where the gold was hidden. Each time they tightened the rope, he refused. During the episode the Confederate soldiers came by and the guerillas fled. Mrs. Rushing released her husband who was strung up over the spot where the gold was buried.
"Under the living room floor of the house was a hideout, which could be reached by a secret trap door to the floor."
While the story above places the blame on Union raiders, in actuality it probably was a crime of a local band of outlaws. The tactic is the same as used by a local outlaw, Lem Bussell (later a preacher), against the Myracle family. The house later passed to Sarah's second husband, Rennie Raines, and to his son Lennie Rains. It passed out of the family by sale in 1918. The auction at which it was sold was a major event remembered for years by many people in the community.
iv. Caroline Rushing. Census: 1860, in Navarro Co., TX. She married John Hamilton (Hambleton).
29. Willis[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1792, in Anson Co., NC. Died, May 1853, in Benton Co., TN. Burial in Hudson Cem., Benton Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
Willis Rushing was the first permanent settler of Benton Co., Tennessee, selecting land on Rushing Creek several miles north of Camden in 1818-1819. Willis Rushing served from November 13, 1814, to May 13, 1815, in Capt. James Gray's company of the militia from Stewart Co., Col. John Cock's 2nd Regt. Tenn. Infantry. Willis Rushing bought a great acreage of land, owned slaves, and operated a tavern in his brick dwelling on the Paris-Reynoldsburg Road. (The house was torn down in 1871.) He is buried in the family cemetery, now known as the Hudson Cemetery. [Rushing Family Notes, by J. K. T. Smith.]
He married Mary (Polly) Rasberry. Born, circa 1798, in NC. Died, 1862, in Benton Co., TN. Burial in Hudson Cem., Benton Co., TN. Children:
88 i. Robert[5] Rushing.
89 ii. Richard P. Rushing.
iii. Sarah Jane Rushing. Born, 1 Oct 1814. Died, before 1855.
90 iv. Elizabeth Rushing.
v. Lucinda Rushing. Born, 25 Apr 1819. She married James P. Dorris, 10 Mar 1842. After her marriage, she lived in Henry County, Tennessee.
vi. Alfred Rushing. Born, 23 Jul 1821, in TN. Died, Jan 1862. Burial in Hudson Cem., Benton Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Benton Co., TN. Occupation: Farmer. He married Rebecca Perkins, 15 Mar 1851. Alfred Rushing served in Co. E, 5th Tennessee Infantry, C.S.A. He died in service. He was a well-to-do tobacco farmer. The 1860 census does not seem to show children for him.
91 vii. Mary A. Rushing.
92 viii. Willis Crawford (Croff) Rushing.
ix. John H. Rushing. Born, Feb 1830, in TN. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN. Census: 1900, in Lee Co., TX. He married Elizabeth. John H. Rushing was a Second Lieutenant, Company E, 5th Tennessee Infantry, C.S.A. [Taproots: A Virginia & Carolina Legacy]
x. Arabella Rushing. Born, 15 May 1835. Died, before 1853. Census: 1850, in Benton Co., TN.
30. D. M. (Daniel??)[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1795. Died, before 1850. Census: 1840, in Perry Co., TN.
It was difficult to decide whether to place Daniel as a son of Richard or Phillip. Daniel has one of the strongest cases for a tie to Phillip. Perry County deeds show that Phillip made Daniel a gift of a slave. The deed mentions Phillip's "affection" for Daniel, a term often used in property transfers to children. My ultimate decision to include Daniel with Richard is that Daniel was sued by Phillip's estate to return the slave. Census data for D. M. Rushing, 1840, Perry County: 1120001-00101.
He married an unknown woman. Children:
i. Daniel M.[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1815, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Jemima.
ii. James Perry Rushing. Born, 18 Mar 1818, in NC. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Mary Jane Brashears.
iii. Carroll Rushing. Born, circa 1826, in TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Jane. Carrol Rushing is assigned here as a son of Daniel by default. He is not on the list of children of Isaac in the Louisiana probate record for the estate of Isaac Rushing. He is not on the deed which lists the children of Elijah Rushing. The younger Richard does not seem to have children born before 1830. He is not claimed by descendants of Burrell as part of Burrell's family. He is not on John Bateman Rushing's lists of children of Jason Rushing and Asa Rushing. He is not listed as a brother in the settlement of the estate of Enoch Deason Rushing, son of David Rushing.
31. Burrell[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1798, in Anson Co., NC. Died, 5 May 1867, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN (fieldstone). Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
Burrell gave about 10 acres of land to be used as part of the site for the town of Decaturville, Tennessee. This Burrell Rushing is often mistaken for the son of Revolutionary War veteran Phillip Rushing because a pensioner named Phillip Rushing is listed in Burrell's household in the 1840 census of Perry County. However, Burrell cannot be a son of Phillip and probably cannot be a grandson either. In 1790 Phillip Rushing had a son Phillip Rushing Jr. who had his own household and children, so the the most likely range of ages for Phillip's children would be 1765-1790. Burrell may be too young. In 1800 Phillip's wife is identified as 45 and over so is not likely to be mother of Burrell. (This is especially so when one also must consider the younger Isaac Rushing as a brother of Burrell.) Burrell is associated with Richard in most census records. In 1820 Richard, Phillip, and Burrell live adjacent to one another in Perry County. In 1830 Richard and Burrell are only three households apart, but Phillip has moved elsewhere. Phillip had a guardian in his old age, as shown in the 1838 Perry County Circuit Court record where Calvin Lacy is petitioning to be replaced as Phillip's guardian. It seems unlikely that Burrell was more than guardian of his Phillip, who probably was his uncle. Burrell certainly did not know the correct age for Phillip to tell the census taker in 1840. Burrell in 1840 is living in the southern part of Decatur County, which is probably where Phillip lived, but it is away from Richard and from where Burrell lived in 1830. In 1842, probably after Phillip's death, Burrell buys (or registers) land on Turkey Creek adjacent to Richard in the area where the other Rushings lived.
He married Mary Elizabeth Rhodes. Born, circa 1806. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN (fieldstone). Census: 1870, in Decatur Co., TN. Children:
i. Elizabeth[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1825. Died, before 1860. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. She married Isaac Elias Brasher, before 1850.
ii. Caswell Rushing. Born, circa 1828, in TN. Census: 1850, in Navarro Co., TX. Census: 1860, in Navarro Co., TX. He married Eleanor (Elly) Ann White, 27 May 1851, in Navarro Co., TX. I am including Caswell Rushing as a son of Burrell Rushing for the following reasons. In the 1860 census Caswell Rushing is listed between the households of William Veal and Calvin Rushing (son of the younger Richard Rushing). Caswell cannot be a son of the younger Richard Rushing because census data do not seem to show the younger Richard with children born before 1830. However, he fits nicely into an age gap in the children of Burrell. The following sketch appears in "Old Northwest Texas, Volume I-B, Navarro County 1846-1860": "Was the first of this surname to arr NavCo; is on 1847 TxR1. He was liv in hh of David White in 1850 (Pin Oak-Pisgah Ridge area). He was b. ca1826-29 Tenn; m. NavCo 27 May 1851 Eleanor 'Elly' Ann White, b. ca1834-36 Ala, dau of Zachariah White. They lived NavCo 1860 and Ellis Co. 1870. In 1860 had 1 son, Zach, b. ca1855. In 1870 were enum as Calvin? and Ella with ch: Caroline (b. ca1861) enum as male; Deas (son), b. ca1867; and Robert, b. Sep 1869. They were living in Burham Pct, Cummins Creek PO. Caswell Rushings 3rd Cl 320-ac surv, on Rush Creek, adj the David R. Mitchell surv, was pat 7 Jun 1860 by the heirs of David R. Mitchell. [Refs: NCTxR1; NCMgs; S&B; 1870 census Ellis Co.]"
iii. Nancy Ellen Rushing. Born, 13 Jul 1829. Died, 27 Jul 1896. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN. She married, first, Henry Harrington. She married, second, Morris Veal, circa 1858. Divorce, circa 1865.
iv. Richard Burrell Rushing. Born, 27 Jan 1830, in Perry Co., TN. Died, 23 Jan 1900. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Cape Girardea Co, MO. He married, first, Lucinda Rushing, 26 Aug 1857, in Natchitoches Par, LA. He married, second, Mary J. Smith, circa 1868. Richard B. Rushing served in Company F, 8th Missouri Cavalry, Confederate States Army. Richard Rushing died of cancer of the face. The following is R. B. Rushing's last will and testament:
"I, R. B. Rushing do make and publish this my last will and testament hereby revoking and making void all others by me made by me at any time.
"First I direct that my funeral expenses be paid as soon as possible out of any money that I may die posessed of or may first come into the hands of my Executor.
"Secondly I direct that my wife Mary J. Rushing have all my land consisting of fifty acres during her life time; after her death I will that J. F. Rushing L. J. Rushing have the said land.
"Thirdly I direct that L. J. and J. F. Rushing have full control and all the benefits of the Rube Elliott
lease.
"Fourth I give and bequerath to my son J. F. Rushing my sorrel mule.
"Fifth I direct that L. J. and Mary J. Rushing have my mare.
"Sixth I give and bequeath to Martha L. Rushing one bed and stead and clothes.
"Seventh I give J. F. Rushing one feather bed and stead and clothes. I also direct L. J. Rushing have one feather bed and stead and clothes. I also give and bequeath to my wife Mary J and J. F. and L. J. Rushing all my hogs sheep and cattle. I give to my son J. F. Rushing my wagon and harness.
"Lastly I do hereby nominate and appoint W. F. Rushing my Executor in witness whereof I do to this my will set my hand this the third day of November 1898. R. B. Rushing.
"Signed and published in our presence and we have submitted our names hereto in the presence of the testator. This the third day of Nov. 1898. J. R. Hobbs. J. M. Rushing. W. F. Rushing."
v. Lavinia Rushing. Born, circa 1831, in Perry Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Decatur Co., TN. She married, first, Green B. Davis. She married, second, John McCann.
vi. Rebecca Rushing. Born, circa 1832. Census: 1870, in Decatur Co., TN. She married G. Marshall Harrington.
vii. Leonidus Rushing. Born, circa 1833, in Perry Co., Tn. Died, before 1900. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1870, in Henderson Co., TN. Occupation: Farmer. He married Darcus J. Powers, circa 1852.
viii. William Franklin Rushing. Born, 13 Oct 1836, in Perry Co., TN. Died, 23 Nov 1903. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Sarah Ann Powers, 10 Mar 1856, in Henderson Co., TN. W. F. Rushing enlisted in the Confederate Army on October 3, 1861, at Trenton, Tennessee, for 12 months. He served in Company F, 55th Infantry (Browns). He was captured April 8, 1862, at Island No. 10, and sent as a prisoner of war to Camp Douglas, Illinois. He was exchanged at Vicksburg. On a muster roll dated October 21, 1863, he is near Mobile, Alabama. At this time he is noted to be a 3rd Sergeant and age 25.
ix. Phillip Rushing. Born, circa 1837, in Perry Co., TN. Died, Apr 1862, in Shilo, Hardin Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Phillip Rushing enlisted in Company E, 27th Tennessee Infantry, on August 18, 1861, at Trenton, Tennessee. He served in a company commanded by Captain G. Herns. Family tradition says that he died at the Battle of Shilo and probably is buried in one of the Confederate burial trenches there. His company's muster roll dated August 31, 1862 records him as dead on July 8, 1862.
x. Malvina Rushing. Born, circa 1838, in Perry Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN.
xi. Andrew Jackson Rushing. Born, 8 Jan 1843, in Perry Co., TN. Died, 4 Oct 1875, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Elizabeth Powers, circa 1866. Andrew Jackson Rushing and his son Phillip died within two hours of each oth er of yellow fever. They were buried in the same grave. Andrew Jackson Rushing enlisted in the Confederate Army at Dover (Fort Donelson), Tennessee, in 1862. He served in Company I, 50 Tennessee Infantry. He was captured at Fort Donelson on February 2, 1862, and sent as prisoner to Camp Douglas, Illinois. He was discharged October 10, 1862.
xii. John Wesley Rushing. Born, Dec 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Died, 1 May 1916. Burial in Rushing Grove C., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1870, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1900, in Decatur Co., TN. He married Martha Ann Johnson.
32. Isaac[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born, circa 1799, in NC. Died, Apr 1853, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Census: 1840, in Claiborne Par., LA. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Occupation: Farmer.
Isaac is one of the more interesting of the early Rushings. He appears frequently in the early Perry County court records, often in scrapes (assault and battery, assault to commit murder). Did he leave Perry County because things were getting too hot? An oral tradition among descendants of Morning Rushing Tolley is that Isaac abandoned his family. This probably is not correct. Other records show that Isaac's Louisiana family and his Decatur County relatives remained in contact with one another until the time of the Civil War.
The family of Issac Rushing is outlined in the probate records of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. A document recording the division of the proceeds of the sale of Isaac's estate names all of Isaac's children and all the children of Isaac's two wives.
He married, first, Rebecca Saint, daughter of Isham Saint and Mary. Born, circa 1800. Died, circa 1839. Children:
i. Burrell[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1820, in Perry Co., TN. Died, 30 Mar 1892. Burial in Saline Cem., Natchitoches Par, LA. Census: 1850, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Occupation: Planter. He married Malissa Morgan Cloud, circa 1839. A date frequently seen for his birth is March 17, 1824, a date which may be on his tombstone. Census records consistently show him to be born circa 1820. He apparently enlisted as a Private in Company H of the 16th Louisiana Infantry on April 2, 1862, at Camp Moore, Louisiana. He was discharged July 22, 1862.
ii. Alston Greenberry Rushing. Born, 11 Feb 1823, in TN. Died, 1 Nov 1893, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Burial in Natchitoches Par, LA. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Occupation: Planter/Farmer. He married Sarah J. Lester.
iii. Hannah Rushing. Born, circa 1824, in TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1880, in Bienville Par., LA. She married William R. Rushing, before 1850.
iv. Isabella Rushing. Born, 12 May 1825. Died, 5 Jan 1904. Burial in City Cem., Decaturville, Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1880, in Decatur Co., TN. She married Isaac Lasiter.
v. Lucy Rushing. Born, circa 1828. Census: 1880, in Benton Co., TN. She married Hugh Alsup.
vi. Lucinda Rushing. Born, circa 1830. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. She married Richard Burrell Rushing, 26 Aug 1857, in Natchitoches Par, LA.
vii. Morning Rushing. Born, 15 Jul 1833, in Decatur Co., TN. Died, 14 Feb 1873, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Tolley Cem., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. She married Arthur Tolley, circa 1852.
viii. Jemima Rushing. Died, before 1853, in AR. She married James Smith.
He married, second, Elizabeth, circa 1836. Born, circa 1801, in NC. Died, Apr 1853, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Elizabeth was married three times. Her first husband was James Allen. Her second was Guilford Griffin. Children:
ix. Sarah Ann Rushing. Born, circa 1836, in TN. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. She married Riley Wallace.
x. Martin Van Buren Rushing. Born, circa 1838, in TN. Died, 24 Apr 1864, in Rock Island, IL. Burial in Grave #531, Confederate Cem., Rock Island, IL. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Martin Van Buren Rushing was a Private in Company H of the 16th Louisiana Infantry. He enlisted September 29, 1861, at Camp Moore, Louisiana. On Novembe r 25, 1863, he had special duty at Bridgeport, Alabama. He was captured at the Battle of Missionary Ridge.
xi. Andrew Jackson Rushing. Born, circa 1840, in LA. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA. Andrew J. Rushing was a Private in Company I, 16th Louisiana Infantry. He enlisted September 29, 1861 at Camp Moore, Louisiana. He had special duty at Bridgeport, Alabama. He was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863. He was captured at Nashville, Tennessee. From there he was transferred to a military prison at Louisville, Kentucky, then to another at Camp Chase, Ohio. He was paroled June 18, 1865, in Natchitoches, Louisiana.
xii. James Phillip Rushing. Born, circa 1844, in LA. Died, 21 Mar 1864, in Marietta, Cobb Co., GA. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA. James Rushing was a Private in Company I of the 16th Louisiana Infantry. He enlisted September 29, 1861. He died March 21, 1864, at Marietta, Georgia.
xiii. Amanda Rushing. Born, circa 1845, in LA. Census: 1850, in Bienville Par., LA. Census: 1860, in Natchitoches Par, LA.
33. Amy[4] Rushing (Richard, 6). Born in NC. Died, before 1839, in Pope Co., AR??.
"Know all men by these presents. That whereas under and by virtue of a power of attorney duly made and executed on the twenty-second day of April 1839 (and duly recorded) by one Thomas Boatwright of Texas, the authorized and legally appointed Agent of Certain Heirs of the Estate of Richard Rushing late of the State of Tennessee, deceased, I, David Rushing of the County of Pope and State of Arkansas, was appointed the proper attorney and agent of sd. Boatwright in the premises to ask for, collect, demand, sue for, receive, and give receipts and full discharges for the same of the amounts of monies respectively coming or due to the late Amy Boatwright, mother of said Thomas Boatwright and also to the others, the children of said Amy, being a portion of the heirs of Richard Rushing, dec'd. upon and under the terms and conditions therein expressed, and whereas sd. David Rushing, being old and unable to travel to carry out the intentions of said power, is desirous and willing and able to appoint some other person to act therein; thereupon be it known to all whom it may concern that I, David Rushing of the County of Pope and the State aforesaid do hereby nominate, constitute, and appoint Willis Rushing of the County of Benton in the State of Tennessee, my true and lawful Attorney, for me in my name or in the name of Thomas Boatwright the Legally authorized agent of the said heirs of the Estate, of said Richard Rushing late of Tennessee aforesaid. To ask for, receive, collect, sue for and receive, all sums or sums of money or effects of any kind or description of right belonging and appertaining to the said heirs of the said Estate, of said Richard Rushing dec'd. of and from all persons and parties owing or amenable for the dec'd. and I further authorize under and by virtue of the like power herein I am empowered to do and execute all acts to carry into effects the intentions therein expressed, the said Willis Rushing to give all necessary acquittances and receipts in the law for the same, either in my name as attorney and agent for the said Thomas Boatwright or in the name of said Boatwright as the legally authorized Agent of said heirs of the Estate as he the said Willis may be advised or required, and generally to act in the premise as agent or attorney of said Boatwright or myself under the above recited power, so that the monies due the heirs of the Estate of sd. Richard Rushing dec'd. may be collected and applied to the purposes expressed in the original power from sd. Thomas Boatwright. In witness thereof I have set my hand and seal this 27th day of December 1842. Signed, sealed, and delivered.
David Rushing (seal)
In presence of:
Jno. R. A. Scott
A. M. Metcalf
This day personally appeared before me an Acting Justice of the Peace within and for the co. and State af. sd. the within named David Rushing who duly acknowledged the name David Rushing at the end of the annexed power of Attorney to be his signature and that he executed the same for the reasons therein set forth. Dated this 27th day of december 1842.
A. R. Cheyne, J.P."
[Taproots, A Virginia & Carolina Legacy]
Note: There was a Thomas Boatwright in Henderson County in 1850. If this Thomas is the same Thomas as the son of Amy, then the Boatwrights who lived in Henderson and Decatur Counties probably are descendants of Richard Rushing. There are White and Hill descendants of a W. H. Boatwright in the Concord Community of Decatur County.
She married Unknown Boatwright. Children:
i. Thomas[5] Boatwright.
34. Phillip[4] Rushing (Jacob, 8). Born, circa 1795, in NC. Census: 1840, in Madison Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Hickman Co., KY. Occupation: Farmer.
Census data for Philip Rushing, Madison Co., TN, 1840: 1001001-121201. This may be the Phillip Rushing who is in the 1860 census in Hickman Co., KY.
He married Nancy. Born, circa 1804, in NC. Census: 1860, in Hickman Co., KY. Children:
i. John[5] Rushing. Born, circa 1839, in TN. Census: 1860, in Hickman Co., KY.
ii. Nancy J. Rushing. Born, circa 1843, in TN. Census: 1860, in Hickman Co., KY.
iii. Sallie A. Rushing. Born, circa 1846, in TN. Census: 1860, in Hickman Co., KY.
35. Joseph[4] Rushing (Robert, 10). Born, circa 1774, in Anson Co., NC. Died, after 1845, in Bedford Co., TN. Burial in Enon Cem., Bedford Co., TN. Resided: after 1811, in TN.
Analysis of the birth date of Joseph Rushing based on research of Frances Thomas, Nederland, TX. "Joseph Rushing's birth year is estimated to be 1774. A comparison of census records shows that he was at least 16 in 1790; in 1800 he was 16-26; in 1810 he 26-45; in 1820 he was 45+; and in 1830 he was 50-59."
On 27 Oct 1797 Robert Rushing deeded to Joseph Rushing a tract of land in Anson Co., NC (Deed Book L&M, p. 84). Wording is:
"...I Robert Rushing of the county & state aforesaid for diverse and good causes me hereundo moving do by these presents give grant alien convey & confirm unto my son Joseph Rushing of the county & state aforesaid...."
Joseph Rushing was a member of Enon Primitive Baptist Church and is buried in the cemetery there. Joseph and his wife Martha Deason are said to have had 12 children, 4 of then sons; 5 of the children are said to have been living in 1883.
He married Martha Deason, daughter of Enoch Deason and Rebecca (Rushing?). Born, circa 1778, in Anson Co., NC. Died in Bedford Co., TN. Burial in Enon Cem., Bedford Co., TN. Children:
93 i. Joseph[5] Rushing.
ii. Evan Rushing. Born in Anson Co., NC. Died, before 1833, in Bedford Co., TN. He married Keziah Maxwell.
94 iii. Joel Rushing.
iv. Enoch D. Rushing. Born, circa 1805. Resided: 1850, in Bedford Co., TN. Census: 1860, in Independence Co., AR. He married Mary.
36. David[4] Rushing (Robert, 10). Born, circa 1778, in Anson Co., NC. Died, circa 1828, in Anson Co., NC. Census: 1820, in Anson Co., NC.
Census data for David Rushing, Anson County, North Carolina: 1810, 20110-11010; 1820, 21131-11022.
The family of this David Rushing has been researched by Virgil W. Huntley of Mystic, Connecticut, who analyzed it using Anson County deed records. The following are extracted from a letter by Mr. Huntley to a Mrs. Thomas, dated 2 Mar 91. "Proof that William Gilbert Rushing was a son of David lies in Anson Co. Deed Bk Z, page 591 under date 17 OCT 1832. 'Nancy Rushing, Calvin Rushing,
Gilbert Rushing, Rebecca Jackson, Widow & heirs at law of David Rushing, deceased to Robert S. Huntley for $900.00--on waters of Brown Creek being lands of David granted him, a part to William Johnson & Robert Rushing.' Witnessed by: J. White/Stephen Huntley. Signed: Nancy Rushing/Calvin Rushing/William G. Rushing/Rebecca Jackson. David Rushing died prior to 2 JUN 1828. Proved by Deed in Bk W, page 262 that date when Holden Rushing sold to Calvin Rushing 'all right & claim to land bought of David Rushing's estate on Brown Creek adjacent Jonathan Duren, Andrew Paul & Michael Baker.' "Bk Y, page 164--Robert Lowry & wife of Dist. of Chesterfield, S. C. to Calvin Rushing--relinquish right in David Rushing's estate (deceased)--29 MAR 1829 Signed: Robert Lowry/Jemimah M. Lowry.
"David Rushing was a son of Robert Rushing (?Sr.) and there does seem to be a connection to Jackson as you see in the Anson Co. Deeds 13, page 139 dated 3 Dec., 1849. William H. Bennett & wife to Griffin Avitt, Power of Atty--W. H. & wife, Temperance, formerly Temperance Jackson of Co. of Decatur, State of TN to receive for us a sum of money in the hands of Darling Rushing, guardian of said Temperance Jackson $200 more or less her portion in the estate of John Jackson deceased late of Union County, NC. Attest: William G. Rushing/John Garrett"
He married Nancy Deason, daughter of Enoch Deason and Rebecca (Rushing?). Born, 1782, in NC. Died, 3 Oct 1857, in Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Campground Cem., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1830, in Anson Co., NC.
Virgil W. Huntley of Mystic, Connecticut, who has done much of the research on this branch of the Rushing family, believes that David Rushing was married twice, first to a Rebecca who is named on a deed in Anson County Deed Book N&O, p. 152, dated 13 October 1807. Nancy would be David's second wife. My personal belief is that Nancy must have been the mother of Calvin Rushing (b. 1804). It is doubtful that anyone looking the matching markers for Calvin Rushing and Nancy Rushing at Campground Cemetery, with Calvin at Nancy's foot, would doubt that Nancy was Calvin's mother. Calvin named one of his sons Enoch Deason Rushing. Children:
95 i. Holden[5] Rushing.
ii. Calvin Rushing. Born, 31 Mar 1804, in Anson Co., NC. Died, Jan 1860, in Garrett Com., Decatur Co., TN. Burial in Campground Cem., Decatur Co., TN. Census: 1850, in Decatur Co., TN. Occupation: Teacher. He married Rebecca White.
iii. Enoch Deason Rushing. Died, circa 1851, in Sumter Co., AL. The family of David Rushing and Nancy Deason is proven in Sumter Co., Alabama, when the esta
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Chris O’Leary – The Hard Line (Alligator Records)
Chris O’Leary makes his debut for Alligator Records with 12 original tracks on The Hard Line. He’s not the new kid on the block though, having previously released 5 solo albums and he has been in the professional ranks since the mid-1990’s. Previously a Marine, Federal Police officer and member of Levon Helm’s band, The Barn Burners, he has many a tale to tell and he does that with this new album. First up is No Rest, a horn and harmonica laden opener with a strong vocal. This is a slick, soulful Blues with a slippy guitar and grungy harmonica both also provided by O’Leary. You can slip your backbone to this with a well-played harmonica, as it should be from a guy who made his recording debut in 2003 on Hubert Sumlin’s About Them Shoes. I did review that album so we have come full circle to a certain degree. This is a top opening song. It’s rapid pace for Lost My Mind and Chris’ harmonica to the fore again, confirming that he’s a player. Michael Bram’s drums are going like a train on this up-tempo Blues and I don’t know about lost my mind, I just lost myself in the song. A highlight. He slows it all down for the moody Blues of Ain’t That A Crime. He shows that he can mix it up as he turns in a slightly menacing vocal in places. The guitar solo is well played by Chris Vitarello, adding to the slow burning feel of the song. My Fault is a shuffling, mid paced Chicago Blues. He’s such an expressive vocalist and he’s a great addition to the Alligator Records stable of fine Blues players just now. He gets the notes out of that harp to produce another top song. I Cry At Night is a big production electric Blues with Hammond and piano from Jeremy Baum in the background giving the atmosphere as Monster Mike Welch’s guitar picks out some killer notes. O’Leary gives us a weary vocal, adding gravitas to the very personal subject. We have sax in there too from Andy Stahl and Ron Knittle, adding to the depth of the song. This is a classy one with Vitarello excelling with some face bending notes. You know what I mean about those, the ones where you stretch your face as you reach the top of the note. He ups the pace again for Things Ain’t Always What They Seem, an Ike & Tina Turner style R&B. He can certainly get you moving and he’s comfortable and secure here too. The band is very loose and everyone just knows where they are at.
He shows his full range on the soulful Blues of Lay These Burdens Down. He has a voice like melting chocolate on this one and it’s ably backed by a pinging guitar from Vitarello. Another slow burner, this is sultry all over and grown-up music to be reckoned with. Brooks Milgate provides lightning fingers on boogie woogie piano for the excellent Need For Speed. This is breakneck as the title suggests and I dare you not to move to it. O’Leary’s fuzzed harmonica joins the party and he shows again that he is a top-class player. The classy Blues of You Break It, You Bought It creeps up on you like a cat with tinkling piano from Milgate and a strong vocal from O’Leary. The harp is the star again but not content with that, he also throws in a pulsating bass. This is big time Blues from a big-time artist. Next up is Who Robs A Musician? The answer probably is, lots of club owners! Seriously, this atmospheric tale of a travelling musician shows a slight change in direction but he keeps up the high standard. Vitarello provides some jolting guitar. There’s a New Orleans vibe on Funky Little Club On Decatur, with horns (Darren Sterud adding his trombone to the sax of Stahl and Knittle) and Milgate’s piano taking it all the way. There’s plenty of percussion too from Bram and a hook filled bass line from Andy Huenerberg. O’Leary’s voice handles it all very well and there’s some excellent little slide guitar inclusions from Greg Gumpel. There’s a high-octane finish (just the way I like it) in the form of Love’s For Sale. It’s a rocking Blues that’ll steamroller your worries away and a great finish to a great album. Slide guitar again from Gumpel, O’Leary’s harmonica and Milgate’s piano, along with Dan Vitarello’s drums, shine through as they have done throughout.
It’ll be one of the albums of the year and you can bookmark that.
Chris O’Leary is in his prime on this album and maybe he’s just about to be a star in his own rite.
www.alligator.com
www.thechrisolearyband.net
Status Quo – Official Archive Series Vol 1 Live In Amsterdam (earMusic)
Volume 1 of the Official Archive Series features a concert recorded at the Heineken Hall in Amsterdam on October 19th 2010 as part of their Pictures Exposed World Tour. For the Intro to this 2 CD set, we get a big, atmospheric fanfare, including hints of Pictures Of Matchstick Men before the band appears and launches straight into Caroline. This may not be up to their classic era versions but it is still a crowd pleaser. Rossi is understandably singing in a lower register but it doesn’t really have any impact on the song. One thing for sure is that he still has that connection with the crowd that he’s always had. Straight into Something ‘Bout You Baby I Like and Parfitt’s vocal helps to power through this very good version. Rossi seems to forget the words at some point, not for the first time, but professional as ever, he just carries on and then runs into Rain. This is classic Parfitt with the Quo oh oh oh oh chants of old. Next up is a good version of Don’t Drive My Car with Parfitt on vocal again and some good lead guitar from Rossi. They covered large parts of their career on this tour and they go way back for an early single, Mean Girl. There are more keys on this from Andrew Bown than there used to be but they bolster the sound well. It’s great that they were still doing this one and it sounds pretty fresh with Rossi ripping it up on the solo before it segways into Softer Ride from the Hello! Album. For me, the Piledriver, Quo, Hello and On The Level albums were peak Quo and this takes me back to my youth. Rossi’s vocal is not the same but that’s not surprising. Musically, however, they are very strong and this is a great version. Beginning Of The End is one of their later era songs and is the lead single for this album. They still know how to get a crowd going, keeping the high pace going throughout and their backing vocals are probably better than ever. There’s some audience participation on Hold You Back, with harmonic Celtic style guitar. This is a highlight. The Proposing Medley, at 10 minutes long, starts with What You’re Proposin’, runs into Down The Dustpipe, a real oldie, and then onto Little Lady, going through the albums now. The next one is Red Sky and it certainly plays its part on this driving medley. Rossi’s vocals are very pronounced as they move on to Dear John, a favourite of mine from that era, and finish off with a large part of Big Fat Mama with Parfitt in typical bombastic mood for a rocking finale to the medley. Things calm down, but only a little, for The Oriental, another favourite from their later stuff. Pounding and driving although Rossi is not so self-assured on guitar. It’s not the best version that I’ve heard. CD1 finishes with Creepin’ Up On You and this has what plenty of people will call the classic Status Quo sound. Harmonica even comes out as they rock it.
CD2 opens with Living On An Island and I could never understand the popularity of this one. Still don’t. They go straight into a faithful rendition of In The Army Now, only lyrically changed slightly when Rossi slips in a swear word. Another where the rowdy crowd gets involved. Matt Letley is given the opportunity to step out from the shadows on Drum Solo, something you don’t get enough of these days. At 2 and a half minutes, it’s a baby compared to others in the past but it does showcase his skills. Next up is a perennial live favourite, Roll Over Lay Down. The start still sends a shiver up my spine and will always be on a Quo list of favourites. They don’t disappoint here. Some complex guitar strumming eventually leads us into the intro of their biggest hit, Down Down. They play the audience well on this rocking version of their only UK number 1. Whatever You Want is another live staple with that familiar atmospheric intro. There are so many parts of this concert that makes me think of how much Rick Parfitt is missed. This is probably my most played Quo track. From there to probably their most played song ever, in the form of Rockin’ All Over The World, and its still bringing in royalties for John Fogerty. They opened Live Aid with it and they’ll always be remembered for that, although it’s not one of my favourites. Talking of favourites, I grew up on Junior’s Wailing and this penultimate track is a storming version. They do know how to rock and this is Blues Rock encapsulated. They close with, as they often dod, Rock N Roll Music/Bye Bye Johnny and they rip it up, always! Chuck would be proud. John ‘Rhino’ Edwards’ bass can be heard pinging in the quieter section as Rossi works the crowd as well as he ever did.
If you want to experience the energy of a Quo performance then this is a good dropping off point.
www.statusquo.co.uk
www.ear-music.net
Connor Selby – Connor Selby (Provogue)
Raised in Essex and having lived in Connecticut and UAE in his formative years, Connor Selby hasn’t taken the usual path to musical awareness. Throughout his travels he formed a love affair with American Roots music and this comes through strongly in his music. This new release is a deluxe issue of his 2021 album with 4 new songs added as bonus tracks and it opens with the slow and soulful, I Can’t Let You Go. Organ, horns and guitar give it beef and Connor’s rich voice sets it off while his guitar just sings. Falling In Love Again is punchier and more upbeat. It’s a Soul Blues with a telling input from organ. The horns are to the fore again with a rhythm section and backing singers on form. The deep, rich vocal tones from Connor and guitar work are excellent as he shows a lovely feel for melody. The most bluesy track so far is If You’re Gonna Leave Me which has some neat Blues themes on guitar. Keys and horns are a bit part of his sound and drums are to the fore too with a piano solo that is sublime. His voice belies his years and I believe him to be still an under recognised guitar player, but surely that can’t last. He dirties it up a little on Emily with a deep, grungy guitar, producing a Blues Rock of a high standard. He still has that feeling for melody though and when he opens up on guitar, he just lights the place up. Highlight. The Blues based The Man I Ought To Be is slow and heartfelt. He comes across as being self-critical on this although the song itself is relaxing with pointed percussion and smooth keys. Hear My Prayer is acoustic led and leans towards Country. Its soaring chorus makes it another highlight. Make no mistake, Connor is a very good vocalist and he proves it again here as the backing singers add another level. His Les Paul Gold Top just cuts through the tale of unrequited love. The jaunty Show Me A Sign has horns to the fore as it takes us back to the heyday of Stax Soul/R&B. This is another with a big joyous chorus and it’s almost Gospel in its delivery. Connor’s piercing guitar cements his growing reputation.
Anyhow is a slow, piano led Soul Blues that takes it to church and his voice suits it so well. We have an epic here as Connor bares his soul. The keys are on top form with the organ on top and there’s no need for a guitar solo here as it has everything else. His voice is relaxed and easy going on Waitin’ On The Day and you feel that he could sing you the phone book and make it sound good. We get smooth soulful vibes on a tale of enduring love with reverb guitar adding to the relaxation along with shuffled drums and smooth bass. The final track of the original album is, ironically, Starting Again, which starts with cymbals crashing like waves against the shore. It’s slow and deeply personal with keys and drums backed by acoustic guitar and bass this time. It builds well to allow Connor to let it all out on guitar and he doesn’t leave anything in the tank. It feels like a rebirth although it’s not one of the new tracks. I Shouldn’t Care is the first of the new ones and it’s a Blues of a high standard with the organ still playing a big part. Slow to mid-pace, it’s a tale of relationship problems and he is so smooth both vocally and instrumentally. There are lots of good guitar players out there but he can certainly hold his own. Love Letter To The Blues is the only bonus track that’s not a single. He keeps it on the Blues theme and stays in slow mode with this homage to the genre. Almost conversational, he’s telling you a story and you are compelled to listen. Piano and keys punctuate the song throughout with the piano the star, matching Connor’s guitar, whilst his velvet tones take you through. A cover of Ray Charles’ My Baby Don’t Dig Me is one of the few uptempo songs on the album but it does show some of his influences. Rolling guitar is a nod to Clapton and the fact that it’s on the edge of Blues and R&B show his love of Charles and Sam Cooke. The electric piano gets a rare outing and excels whilst Connor produces an excellent punchy solo on guitar. He closes with The Deep End and he’s obviously in a Blues mood on these bonus tracks. This is smouldering and smooth and the Hammond is wonderful, bringing the album to a close on a high note.
Connor Selby may be an Essex boy but his musical heart lies in the roots of American Blues, R&B and Soul.
www.connorselby.com
www.mascotlabelgroup.com
Fabrizio Poggi – Basement Blues (Appaloosa)
Believe it or not, this is Fabrizio Poggi’s 25th album and he raids his basement files for some old gems and reworks a few others. He starts with an outtake from his 2015 album The Breath Of Freedom in the form of Tommy Dorsey’s Precious Lord. It’s a mournful opening with Fabrizio’s harmonica leading and Enrico Polverari’s acoustic guitar backing. Poggi’s vocal comes in halfway through with respectful tones and giving us a gentle introduction. He follows this with a 2014 live version of Willie Dixon’s Little Red Rooster, recorded somewhere in the USA with Guy Davis on vocals. His harmonica takes the normal the lead guitar part but Davis’ grizzled vocal makes it more like the Howlin’ Wolf original than the Stones’ version but there’s room for both. This is as good as any cover of the song that I’ve heard. Harmonica competes with the howls and wins out of the park. Acoustic guitar, also from Davis, is perfect. He keeps rolling them on out and next up is Midnight Train, a Poggi original and a studio rehearsal piece from 2010 Here we go for a train ride to remember as electric guitar (Poggi) and drums (Stefano Bertolotti) are introduced for the first time. The train picks up speed throughout and Poggi’s guitar skills are showing up well and, along with the drums, encourage the harp to pick it up. It’s hypnotic, it’s lung bursting at times and Fabrizio’s vocal just gets under your skin. A highlight. The often-covered traditional John The Revelator is so well known that it’s difficult to be different so, why change it? This outtake from 2008’s Mercy features the great Garth Hudson on organ and guitar. This is a slow, meandering, throbbing version with mandolin (Francesco Garolfi), harp, bass (Roberto Re) and percussion (Bertolotti) all drawn together. Hudson’s intricate keyboard work is a marvel and Poggi’s world weary vocal makes you believe what you’re being told. It’s back to acoustic guitar, this time from Ronnie Earl, for Your Light. An outtake from 2014’s Spaghetti Juke Joint, it shows how good a player Earl is as he and Poggi combine to produce a self-written Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee style acoustic Blues. Poggi’s screeching harmonica reaches the high notes to counterbalance his own sweet vocal. Gentle brilliance. Black Coffee is more of an in your face slow striding Blues with a gritty, demanding vocal from the depths of despair provided again by Guy Davis. Taken from the same live set in 2014, this has harmonica warbling in the fills as the guitar grinds out the base of the song. The solo is so full of ethereal soul and is so passionate. The pair work well together and it shows as they turn in a top-notch performance. Some of the notes that Fabrizio produces are so wrong, but so right.
Blind Willie Johnson’s The Soul Of A Man highlights the surprises waiting for you at each corner as we return to Enrico Polverari for his acoustic guitar. It’s a straightforward vocal from Fabrizio asking the questions and his harp playing is wonderful. Although this is another outtake from the Breath Of Freedom album, it is an understated gem. Another Poggi original, Blues For Charlie has Polverari on electric guitar this time and it’s a full band with bass (Tino Cappalletti), drums (Stefano Resca) accordion (Bobby J Sacchi) and keys (Lorenzo Bovo) prominent. An outtake from 2012’s Harpway 61 it’s a slow, sweeping instrumental showcasing Poggi’s style and class through trills, warbles and all the tricks. Rosetta Tharpe’s Up Above My Head is another slow one with Ronnie Earl’s acoustic guitar returning. Another outtake from Spaghetti Juke Joint, it is a masterclass of technique as you might expect but most of this is to do with natural talent and Poggi has this aplenty with lots of hand warbles included. The self-penned Boogie For John Lee Hooker is an uptempo Boogie and at a pace that I love. Another outtake from Harpway 61 it has Resca’s drums pushing the band on with Poggi up and down that harp like a madman. Polverari and Cappalletti follow Recsa in keeping that Boogie rhythm going. This is a highlight as the harp just keeps on going. The last of the covers is Blind Lemon Jefferson’s See That My Grave Is Kept Clean. This outtake, from 2013’s Juba Dance, is a faithful version with just Guy Davis on vocals, guitar and banjo and warbling harp from Poggi. It all fits together so well with Davis’ baleful vocal standing out in a standout song. Another that stands out. He closes with two originals, the first of which is I’m On The Road Again. This first has him slightly stepping away from the Blues into an almost Country vibe. This is another outtake from The Breath Of Freedom as is completely different from the rest and a real surprise. Polverari’s acoustic guitar and Poggi’s harp are the two constants but this time they are joined by Stefano Spina on bass and keys. Fabrizio turns in a weary vocal and Polverari’s guitar is beautifully played. Pure and simple. He closes with Hole In Your Soul and we’re back to the Blues for the finale with Poggi back to his warbling, head shaking, tongue flicking and blocking best. The lyric says ‘if you don’t like the Blues, you have a hole in your soul’. I’ll go one further. If you don’t like Fabrizio Poggi, you’ve got a hole in your soul. The song itself is a slow, grinding Blues full of namechecks. Recorded live in Milan in 2015, this is a showcase of acoustic Blues guitar playing and harmonica excellence.
I’m off to find these other 24 albums!
www.fabriziopoggi.com
Tom Ovans – The Cure (NSR Sound Recordings)
The Cure is veteran singer, songwriter and social observer Tom Ovans 15th album in a career that has spanned over 30 years. He is the epitome of the word troubadour having lived and worked in just about every state in the US. He opens this latest set of maverick ramblings with the title track and you will immediately work out why troubadour is so firmly associated with him. It’s just guitar and a cracked vocal telling the story that begins ‘The clouds are hanging heavy above The Paradise Motel’ and gives a sense of foreboding. It’s on the angry side of Folk Americana and when the harmonica comes in the whole thing comes across as quite Dylanesque. The voice, guitar and harmonica trio continues throughout the album with the odd mandolin, bass and percussion thrown in along the way, all played by Ovans and all recorded on analogue. The harmonica is in from the outset on Lazy Driver and his lazy, slurred vocal that is so associated with the rebel Folksters is given a nasal delivery to match the best. His slide guitar is well played and you know that you are always going to get a story. The laid back, Blues based Camile And The Dance Of Death is an epic highlight. He’s old style and harks back to the days of easy travel with a guitar and a harmonica. It’s a desert song with a voice full of gravel to suit. There is still that laid back delivery on Higher Ground, which owes much to the Folk and Alt Country artists that have gone before. Kristofferson comes to mind here and Neil Young also in his harmonica playing days. This is truthful, gritty music. He adds a slight shuffle to Fading Light, another that is Blues based, with a sleepy, world weary vocal and wailing harmonica. The Celtic tinged Like Some Old Irish Rover is another highlight. It’s like he’s reaching over and speaking to you. He draws you in with this protest song with an anthemic feel to the verse. He could easily fall foul of those who say that this genre is samey but on Gonna Miss You he mixes it up and keeps it interesting, bringing a certain motion to it. He brings a contemporary feel to songs that could easily fit into the Dylan oeuvre of the 60s and he’s endearing, even if he doesn’t want to. His harmonica plays a big part on the album, breaking up songs and drawing your attention, none more so than on Blame It On The Rain. He doesn’t really do fast ones although he changes his delivery from time to time; gritty sometime, nasal others. Some songs sound as if you’ve known them for years, this one especially. It’s comfort music to a certain degree with a gently swaying chorus.
Ballad Of A Bloody Nose has a bit of a chat at the start, all about getting out of the studio and doing one more take for the producer and one to aim for the youth market! Ovans doesn’t hold the fact that the writer is from the East against him, showing his self-deprecating humour again. This is as upbeat as he gets I think although it’s over 2 minutes before he actually starts singing the song. It’s another story told in his inimitable style and although he’s rushing to get out of the studio it doesn’t come across that way. Louise Ann has a shuffling Blues feel with a sleepy vocal and strong harmonica. There are echoes of Neil Young again with The Needle And The Damage Done coming through in places. Stranger In This Town starts off like an old cowboy camp fire song with an exaggerated vocal. He deploys his slide again which complements the painfully slow pace and the sad, lonely lyric. His songs seem simplistic but there are layers to them such as on Earth Quake. It’s just him, his guitar and harmonica but there’s a bass rumbling in the background, perhaps to help us visualise the earthquake and the climate change around us. He speeds it up a little for Jesus Wears A Six Gun and I wonder if here is the place to add some mandolin as he has done elsewhere. We get Western themes and Spiritual themes with a chanting, demanding and professing vocal. It’s all rhythmic and hypnotic. There are shades of Willie Nelson and Neil Young again on the sombre and stark There’s A Man before he draws you in again for Looking In Your Eyes. He’s an honest singer and there’s a sadness behind his music, which is, as I’ve said already, not often upbeat. Mercy Street is not the Peter Gabriel song, in case you were wondering. It’s slow and stark again with some electric guitar only for a second time to produce some engaging bleakness. He closes the 17-track ramble with My Ship’s A Coming, a title that sounds like it should be a Dylan song. He’s not changing his ways just because it’s the end. His ship is coming in and he’s out of here. He’s world weary as if he’s just had enough with his warbling harmonica, as always, is the counterpoint to his often cracked vocal and guitar.
Tom Ovans may not be everyone’s cup of tea but what he does, he does well and that’s all you can hope for.
www.tomovans.com
Dave Arcari – Devil May Care (Buzz Records)
For those of you who are unfamiliar with the work of Dave Arcari then pin back your lug holes! For his sixth solo album the Scottish Alt-Blues troubadour opens with the title track and on this we get some controlled aggression and a slightly softer version of Dave than you might be used to. We have rolling drums from Chris McMullan of the Northern Irish Punk/Blues duo The Bonnevilles alongside Dave’s trademark slide guitar. It is a song about two natural phenomena, The Whangie and The Devil’s Pulpit, close to where Dave lives in Scotland and the tales his father used to tell him about them. A good start. On the Celtic infused Blues of 1923, we have a tale of leaving home for a better life, a well-used theme in Scots Irish music. However, this is more than that as he sings about his Dad leaving home at the age of 15 in 1923 for adventure, including serving national service in the Italian horse cavalry. That said, you can hear the influence that this kind of music had on early Appalachians as it comes across on the Americana side. A softly sung tale, it’s just Dave, his guitar and reminiscences. Time Will Come is a sedate acoustic song which has a certain hypnotic effect. He is an honest musician, right down to using his own accent rather than some mid-Atlantic one. Is it a song about Brexit? A song about independence? Make your own mind up but it is certainly about the spin that both sides of the arguments put forward. He continues the gentle approach on Givers And Takers and remains acoustic. It becomes a bit conversationalist at times but I don’t mind that as it puts him firmly in the place of an old style Blues traveller with the delivery as he tells us about life’s users. A single from last year Loch Lomond (Home) has a return to electric guitar for this version of the famous traditional Scottish song. Making it his own he tells the tale of making his home there with locals adding the backing vocals for the chorus. Violin from Jamie Wilson is added to Dave’s slide making it quite ethereal in places. It’s not the rousing Runrig version but it does gain some momentum towards the end.
Stick To Your Guns is on more familiar Dave Arcari ground. Electric guitar getting a going over and added harmonica from old Radiotones band mate Jim Harcus is welcome. It’s still not full out mad man delivery though but it will give you an idea of what he can be like. I’d say that it’s a Scottish Delta Blues and although not mentioned, it’s a nod to his sponsors, Smokehead, who provide the whisky for Dave’s whisky driven Blues. Meet Me In The City is the current single and is one of two covers. The album is full of surprises and this Junior Kimbrough song is one. It’s not Blues yet it is. Again, this isn’t the rabble rousing Dave that we are all accustomed to but a reflective, introspective one yet a song, that has also been covered by the Black Keys, being made to sound like one of his own. Whisky is never far away from Dave’s music and on Whisky Trail he tips his hat to his previous sponsors, Glengoyne, who still use it on their Whisky Unscripted podcast. Played on the banjo, an instrument that doesn’t feature too often, this is mountain music, Scots style. Links between the Scots and the Appalachians are often through music and whisky. Guitar comes into it too as it comes across quite gently with Dave removing the grit from his voice completely. Looks Like You’re (Walkin’ On Water) actually feels like you are bobbing about like being on the water. There’s a little percussion, probably from his right boot, and it comes across a bit Spiritual but is, in fact, about Dave’s new found love of paddleboarding. His slide guitar is still of that high quality and this is one for a singalong in his live set with the crowd taking the roll of backing vocals. The second of the covers is Nine Pound Hammer, maybe best known for the Merle Travis version but in fact is a traditional song first recorded by the wonderfully named Al Hopkins and his Buckle Busters in 1927. It’s back to the acoustic guitar for this Country Blues and it’s another that is a spiritual work song in its feel. He closes with Walk The Walk and this gives us glimpses of Dave’s grittier side. It is moody, mean and menacing with stomping percussion and electric guitar. Dave is telling it how it is about people pontificating on things they have no knowledge of. It is deliberately slow as has most of the album but that doesn’t hide the fact that this one is John Lee Hooker for Scotland.
I said at the start to pin back your lug holes and although this is a different, more refined Dave Arcari you’ll get little insights to what he is about. Get the album but get to see him in person as the two experiences are completely different.
www.thebuzzgroup.co.uk
www.davearcari.com
Rory Gallagher – Deuce: 50th Anniversary Edition (UMC)
50 Years, where has the time gone! This sumptuous 4 CD, 55 track set celebrates Rory’s sophomore solo album from 1971 and digs deep into the archives as well as bringing us a new mix of the original album. Johnny Marr does the foreword of a 64-page hardback book which also comes as part of the package. The original album is remixed for the first of the four CD’s and opens with Used To Be which shows the flashing brilliance that he had promised from his days in Taste. Rattling drums and bass feature from Wilgar Campbell and Gerry McAvoy respectively. These two formed such an impressive rhythm section and gave Rory so much to work with. The package is replete with their sounds. Rory was as comfortable on acoustic as he was electric as he shows on I’m Not Awake Yet. He had a presence no matter what he was playing. This is a great Rock song, showing that he was a master of all guitars and he always had that little Celtic spark. He stays acoustic, 12 string this time, for Don’t Know Where I’m Going and adds harmonica. It’s just Rory on this bouncy, Blues based classic. Maybe I Will sees him return to electric and back to the Rock. It’s probably not the best track on the album but there is no mistaking his artistry on the guitar though. Whole Lot Of People is a stomping storming Rock that gave an indication of what his style was to become on the whole. Slide guitar deployed for the first time and he was an extremely good slide player. The first of his most recognisable songs is In Your Town, which was used frequently in his live performances. This is high octane Blues Rock and brilliant all around as his slide rings with Celtic influences throughout. Should’ve Learnt My Lesson is a straight up Chicago Blues with doleful vocal before he unleashes the power on There’s A Light. This is a master of his instrument just showing what he can do with it. There are Jazz overtones and some South American influences too. Bass and drums are excellent throughout but excel here. Carlos Santana would have been proud of this. It’s back to acoustic for Out Of My Mind and this beautiful song could easily have come out of the Appalachians. The final track of the original album is Crest Of A Wave, another that became one of his most well-known songs. This is Rory personified; strong vocal and soaring guitar. We have patches of light and shade and changes of tempo that keeps the listeners on their toes. Slide guitar par excellence and rolling, rambling brilliance.
CD 2 is a 16-track collection of alternate, often rawer, takes of the original album tracks with different mixing levels and solos. You can also hear the process and what his mind must have been going through when finally selecting which take to use. Highlights are I’m Not Awake Yet Alternate Take 1 which is electric, Whole Lot Of People 6 String Alternate Take 1 and an epic 9 minute In Your Town Alternate Take 1.
CD 3 takes much the same route with a fourth Alternate take of In Your Town leading the way with slashing slide guitar. Should’ve Learnt My Lesson Deuce Album Session Alternate Acoustic Take 1 is up there with the best of the tracks and the added mandolin gives it a different dimension. Should’ve Learnt My Lesson Deuce Album Outtake is an extra mournful, electric version of the song. 4 versions of the song all totally different in their playing style. We have three alternate takes of There’s A Light, the best being the guitar work on Alternate Take 2 and three versions of Out Of My Mind, each excellent in their own way. The third one has Rory saying We’ll have one more go and then we’ll go for a pint – inspiration! These are followed by two versions of Crest Of A Wave, the best being the second one and three home demos finish it off; Don’t Know Where I’m Going shows the differences of home recording now and then as he finger picks his 12 string and has more than one attempt. An acoustic version of Maybe I Will has his voice straining with the falsetto. Again, we get him trying out different ways to do the song, and a final, raw, version of Should’ve Learnt My Lesson acoustic played in a Delta Blues style.
CD 4 is a series of live tracks. From Radio Bremen and BBC In Concert. This opens with 7 recorded for Radio Bremen in 1971 and starts with the now ubiquitous Should’ve Learnt My Lesson and showing all of his live passion on this grungy Blues. This is followed by a powerful version of Crest Of A Wave then steps away from the Deuce tracks with a dirty slow Blues I Could’ve Had Religion with added harmonica, a rousing version of the Blues based rocker For The Last Time and a storming version of Messin’ With The Kid (a live favourite) before going back to Deuce for Don’t Know Where I’m Going and finishing with another live favourite Pistol Slapper Blues. The final 6 tracks from a BBC In Concert session from the Paris Theatre and comprises, along with some wonderful commentary, an in full flow Used To Be, Should’ve Learnt My Lesson, Out Of My Mind where he gets the crowd going, I Could’ve Had Religion with a slide guitar masterclass, Crest Of A Wave and signing out in special fashion with a rip snorting version of Messin’ With The Kid.
This is a collector’s dream with some hidden gems.
www.umc-music.com
Status Quo – Riffs/Heavy Traffic/Quo’ing In (UMC/earMusic)
The first of two reissues, Riffs was originally released in 2003 and opens with their classic Caroline. What can be said that hasn’t already been said about this song? This is a clean version with added piano and not as grungy as the original on 1973’s Hello. It’s not all about Quo riffs and that’s where the album kind of fell as they became a covers band. There are very good covers and some less than good. I Fought The Law is one that is good but it’s not Bobby Fuller or The Clash. They give a Quo makeover for Born To Be Wild and this contains some of the most recognisable riffs around. They turn it into a rolling Boogie although it’s not changed out of recognition from the Steppenwolf original though. Bachman Turner Overdrive’s Takin’ Care Of Business is perfect for them and they turn in a very good version. Quo does Iggy on Wild One and they try their best to get the signature sneer. Another good one. Canned Heat’s On The Road Again is another made for the Quo and just as hypnotic as the original. Tobacco Road is as stomping as the original was from The Nashville Teens with Rossi giving it plenty on the riff. J. Geils Band’s Centrefold is a strange choice for them. It’s a competent version but it just doesn’t click. The Kinks’ All Day And All Of The Night is instantly recognisable and whilst this is a good version, it strangely has less of an impact than the original. Their version of ELO’s Don’t Bring Me Down just doesn’t work. This needs the ELO theatrics. Junior’s Wailing is one of their own and they are on safer ground here. This could easily be Rory Gallagher, it’s that good. Class. It’s a fans favourite and this version is as good as the original from 1970’s Ma Kelly’s Greasy Spoon. It’s Elvis next, Costello that is. Pump It Up is a great try but as soon as the vocal comes in then it’s lost. If you haven’t heard Costello’s original then you’ll think this is good. It’s another updated version of one of their classics in Down The Dustpipe. Originally from 1970 and only appearing on an album for the first time on the 1998 re-issue of Ma Kelly’s Greasy Spoon, they can’t go wrong with this well-loved song. Whatever You Want is one of their biggest and loses nothing on the original from the album of the same name in 1979 with that classic Rossi Parfitt interaction. The last track on the original album was Rockin’ All Over The World. They add more piano on this and again it’s one made for their style although it’s a John Fogerty song. It’s probably the one that most non-Quo fans will relate to, particularly after Live Aid.
A second CD is included in this new package and this includes a further 16 tracks starting with You’ll Come Round, one of their lesser-known singles. It harks back a little to their period before the 12 bar Boogie. We get the B Side to with Lucinda and this is a romping rocker with Parfitt taking the lead vocal as he often did. There’s a remix of the Thinking Of You single, one from their Big Country influenced Celtic Rock period. As with these bonus CD’s you often get demos, unreleased versions etc and we have an alternate version of Caroline here. It’s live and the difference is the atmospheric keys at the beginning, with a little reference to Pictures Of Matchstick Men, before we’re off into the familiar song we all love with plenty of riffing. More live versions follow with Something ‘Bout You Baby I Like capturing them at their best as they swap lead vocals and Break The Rules, which is one of my favourites. The latter is energy personified and the extra piano adds to that barroom feel. Forty-Five Hundred Times is another originally from the Hello album. This is a great live version of one of their concert staples. Parfitt struggles a little on the vocal as the start but that is soon forgotten as they ramp it up. They follow it up with another of their big songs, Rain, and they don’t disappoint. Hold You Back is another of their lesser-known tracks but often a live inclusion on tour. It’s some more Celtic sounds but you’ll know it’s the Quo. Bands often use a medley to get more of their hits into a stage show and the Quo were no strangers to one. On Mystery Medley they throw in Mystery Song, Railroad, Most Of The Time, Wild Side Of Life, Rollin’ Home, Again And Again and Slow Train. You can tell when a band has so many good songs, even their medley’s go on for over 11 minutes. It’s 11 minutes of pure joy though. Another of the old ones is Gerdundula from 1971’s Dog Of Two Head. This is still a classic and not what lots of people think of as Status Quo. Beautifully played. Another of their live favourites is Roll Over Lay Down, the opening track to Hello. I’ve never heard it played anything other than brilliantly. Down Down was their number 1 single. Suitably frenetic on this live version as the audience goes wild as they always do. The hits keep on coming with live versions of Whatever You Want with the audience egging them on and Rockin’ All Over The World where they show how good they were at getting a crowd going. This extended package finishes with another of their medleys and they come out blasting on the Encore Medley with Rock N Roll Music before slipping into Carol and Bye Bye Johnny for a Chuck Berry trio to say goodnight. Will this satisfy dyed in the wool Quo fans? Maybe not but it does show a bit of their diversity whilst giving us some classics that we may not have heard for a while.
The second of the two reissues is Heavy Traffic, originally from 2002. It opens with the familiar sounds of the Quo on Blues & Rhythm and the enduring sound of Rossi and Parfitt is what they’ll be remembered for. The rocking and rolling All Stand Up (Never Say Never) has them in their element and the grinding The Oriental is one of their better later songs. There are more classic sounds on Creepin’ Up On You and whilst they were vilified by many for their 12-bar boogie they were more complex than lots of people thought. I’m sure that there are lots of bands out there that have been influenced by them. You’ll never mistake when you are listening to Status Quo and none more so than on the title track. Rossi’s voice is so distinctive. Solid Gold includes harmonica which was used more than you’d think in their songs. They were, and still are, a party band and one for getting folks up on their feet. Acoustic guitars used, and they weren’t often, for Green and it gives a West Coast USA feel. It’s not a typical Quo song and you wouldn’t know it was them. They are back on familiar ground with Jam Side Down, a melodic Boogie from an underrated album. Diggin’ Burt Bacharach grows on you and they’re not taking themselves too seriously, like they’ve ever done that. Do It Again is the rolling and tumbling Quo that were well loved and Another Day is a mid-paced grinding Boogie with harmonica again. They did this so well in their day. It’s straight up Rock N Roll for I Don’t Remember Anymore with Parfitt taking the vocal as he often did on this type of song. This is a highlight. There’s a move away from their trademark sound for Money Don’t Matter. This is a straightforward soft Rock song showing that they could do it when they wanted to. Rhythm Of Life is the last of the original album. A moody close to the set with stern riffs on guitar and another non-Quo like song.
The new set includes 2 bonus CD’s which start with The Madness, the B Side to Jam Side Down and a rocker. Another B Side, this time to All Stand Up, is You Let Me Down and they almost go into Folk Rock. It’s a different side to the band and a typical B Side. They could write in different styles but they hit on that formula which was so successful. There’s a few 2001 demos on offer such as Let’s Start Again, where Quo fans will recognise the untypical, jaunty style used, All Stand Up where you can hear the bones of the song that became one of the tracks of the album and Solid Gold with Rossi mucking about on the vocal. There’s a bit of overlap with Riffs with the same alternate versions of Caroline, Something ‘Bout You Baby, Forty-Five Hundred Times, Rain, Mystery Medley, Gerdundula, Roll Over Lay Down, Down Down, Whatever You Want, Rockin’ All Over The World and Encore Medley. Maybe a bit of overkill with duplicating these tracks. However, we do get live versions of The Wanderer, classic Dion and so perfect for them, Don’t Waste My Time which was one of their favourite live songs and for a long time too, All Stand Up (Never Say Never), well we’ve had the studio version, the demo so why not a live one – all great, Solid Gold which transfers well from the studio, the title track which is another that transfers over well and Creepin’ Up On You, another live version of the album track. I can see why they added these three to their set. The extras album finishes with live versions of two big songs, Big Fat Mama and Junior’s Wailing, staples of their live show for a good number of years. Like Riffs I’m not sure that the hardened Quo fan won’t already have these tracks in their collection.
The third of the recent offerings is Quo’ing In: The Best Of The Noughties, another 3 CD behemoth which opens with Backbone (Out Out Quo’in mix 2022). It’s lighter than the earlier stuff and not the Quo we know. Following on quickly is Looking Out For Caroline, from 2013’s Bula Quo, where they went for a more mainstream, striding Rock sound. Two Way Traffic is more like the Quo of old. From 2011’s Quid Pro Quo, it’s rapid and one of the best. There’s a re-envisioned version of their big hit, In The Army Now (Studio Version 2010), which still conjures powerful visions. They show their light-hearted side as they have a go at themselves on the rocking Beginning Of The End which is also taken from Bula Quo. Round And Round is quickfire and it’s Quo but it’s not! From Under The Influence which was on the cusp of the noughties. We’re more like the old Quo on Rock n Roll n You, a melodic Rock with a Boogie twist and another from Quid Pro Quo. Next up is Raining In My Heart. Ok, it’s a pleasant version of the Buddy Holly classic and it’s got Brian May on it but it is not the Quo. Back to familiar sounds for Liberty Lane, striding Rock with the accustomed hook. Jam Side Down is from Heavy Traffic and already mentioned further up. It’s another melodic Boogie and it does grow on you. The jarring Running Inside My Head, again from Bula Quo, doesn’t do anything for me at the start. It does get going but not the best. Electric Arena is Blues based with a stinging guitar and piano leading the way. From 2007’s In Search Of The Fourth Chord, this is surprising. Twenty Wild Horses is an up and down romp. Celtic based and again from Under the influence, this is a highlight. The familiar sounds of the Heavy Traffic opener, Blues & Rhythm follows before we get a throwback to their 70’s sound on the excellent Gotta Get Up And Go from 2005’s The Party Ain’t Over Yet. The Way It Goes is a fast-paced rocker and another from Under The Influence. They keep it simple and it's one to get the crowd going. Deep chants of Polynesian extract opens up Bula Bula Quo (Kua Li Lega). Another from Bula Quo, this is very upbeat, good fun and you wouldn’t know it was them.
Disc 2 opens with Caroline (Studio Version 2022) on which we get a few different guitar licks but you can’t really add much to this classic. Another classic to get a makeover and one of the first songs to turn me on to Quo is Paper Plane (Studio Version 2022). The third one for this treatment is Rockin’ All Over The World (Studio Version 2022) and although there are some tweaks they sound much the same, albeit without Parfitt. Face The Music is bouncy, it’s ok and it’s got some good guitar work. Cut Me Some Slack (Out Out Quo’in Mix 2022) is a typical Quo Boogie and a good one at that. The title track from The Party Ain’t Over Yet comes with Folk Celtic overtones but the Quo sound is there and they recruit The Beach Boys for a version of their classic, Fun Fun Fun. It’s all good fun with the harmonies in there and it comes alive when The Beach Boys take over. You may remember their acoustic album from 2014 and the strings and acoustic guitars add so much to the classic Pictures Of Matchstick Men (Aquostic Studio Version). The acoustic led and upbeat grinder That’s A Fact actually comes from the 1976 Blue For You album and is a top track. I’m Not Ready is a vibrant chugger from a bonus disc of The Party Ain’t Over Yet and Tilting At The Mill, from 1996’s Don’t Stop has all the best Quo characteristics. Think Quo lite though. There’s a few bands that you recognise as soon as you hear them and Status Quo are one of those. Take I’m Watching Over You from The Party Ain’t Over Yet for example. It’s just that Quo sound from the outset leaving you in no doubt who is coming. This is a good one. Two more from the Don’t Stop album are the acoustic led sweeping Rock of Mortified and the Bob Seger style Rock of Temporary Friend. Their cover of Johnny Kidd & The Pirates’ I’ll Never Get Over You is up next and they can rarely be accused of being sickly sweet, but this comes close. However, it’s a great song and they do well with it. On Down Down (Aquostic Studio Version) the added accordion is a genius stroke and gives us a great version. The disc closes out with another version of their Mystery Medley, this time called Live Medley and they rock it out yet again and with It’s Christmas Time they give Christmas a Quo makeover. I’m sure they polarised plenty of people with this.
The final disc on this 3-piece set is a 10-track live collection recorded at Westonbirt and includes The Wanderer, Rain, Don’t Waste My Time, Don’t Dive My Car, Hold You Back, Creeping Up On You, Paper Plane, Living On An Island, Roll Over Lay Down and Rock N Roll Music/Bye Bye Johnny. It’s live, it’s the Quo, enough said.
www.statusquo.co.uk
www.umusic.co.uk
www.ear-music.net
Delbert McClinton – Outdated Emotion (Hot Shot Records/Thirty Tigers)
Four-time Grammy winner Delbert McClinton celebrates his musical heroes and influences with this, his 27th studio album. It’s not all about the oldies though as Delbert brings us five new songs, written or co-written by him. Named by Rolling Stone as the Godfather of Americana, he has a career that has spanned six decades and he has played with some of the best. When you can say that you have played in the backing band for the likes of Jimmy Reed, Muddy Waters and Bo Diddley then you know you have the chops. He stopped touring last year, the first time in 64 years he wasn’t travelling the country, playing his special style of music. However, that hasn’t stopped him recording and Outdated Emotion shows that he has lost none of his class. Things open with Lloyd Price’s classic, Stagger Lee and this is a great version of a great song. One of three singles it hits us with that New Orleans Swing and characteristic piano bass. This is a highlight of an opener with Delbert’s vocal showing no signs of age and a horn section with sax leading. Hank Williams made Settin’ The Woods On Fire a hit and Delbert says that Hank made him the songwriter that he is today. This is Texas Country and a complete change from the opener with female harmony vocal and steel guitar (Chris Scruggs) almost matched by fiddle (Stewart Duncan) and upright bass (Mark Winchester). Another highlight though. Jimmy Reed’s The Sun Is Shining is a slipping, sliding Blues and there’s no let-up in quality. Delbert’s harp gets its first outing and he says that hearing Reed’s Honest I Do was what made him take up Blues harp in the first place. He stands up to be counted here. One Scotch, One Bourbon, One Beer is known as being a John Lee Hooker classic but Delbert prefers the original Amos Milburn version and keeps it as a piano bar crooner. Released as a single, it’s good to be different but I prefer the way John Lee played it. Long Tall Sally is played at breakneck speed as you’d expect and although it doesn’t have the vocal impact of Little Richard, it’s a great version anyhow and you just can’t help but be happy. Two Step Too is a Delbert original even though he wrote it 20 years ago. It’s an old style two time done in a Hank Williams style and crossed with Delbert’s panache. Country fans will love it with fiddle and lap steel the stars. Almost mimicking the Ray Charles version of I Want A Little Girl, Delbert goes all lounge Jazz with piano and double bass as he swaps genres again. His slightly left of centre vocal suits all styles. Another Jimmy Reed classic comes around in the form of Ain’t That Lovin’ You, a harp led R&B. This is a classic version of the classic song and the last of the singles. Blow that harp, Delbert. Straight up good fun.
The often-covered Hank Williams standard Jambalaya should only be played in one way and Delbert does it. Fiddle and lap steel are heavily involved as he plays it old style. You don’t need to do much to this song to make it sing and this is a very good version as he maintains his vocal class. Good backing vocals too but the fiddle of Stewart Duncan just tops it all off. Connecticut Blues, written by Delbert in conjunction with Kevin and Yates McKendree is a smooth, polished piano Blues and he’s back to his old favourites on the Jimmy Reed performed, Calvin Carter written I Ain’t Got You with a percussive staccato delivery, a wailing harp and a rhythm section on top form. He can’t do it like Jimmy but then again, nobody can. I’d like to hear some of Delbert’s stories about Jimmy as I’m sure he's got plenty. Move It On Over is one of my favourite Hank Williams songs and he does it credit. This is another highlight with pinging guitar and lovely lap steel. It’s back to piano led Jazz for Hard Hearted Hannah, another from the Ray Charles songbook. Slick bass and shuffling drums are very good but top credit goes to the pianist. Co-written with Sharon Vaughn, Sweet Talkin’ Man is a trundling Boogie. He makes it sound so easy and brings us another highlight with piano and guitar going for top billing, drums driving it and a jagged guitar solo. Another that is co-written, this time with Gary Nicholson, is Money Honey and we’re back to the Bayou with fiddle and lap steel excelling yet again as Delbert goes through his paces to match them. No matter the genre, Delbert excels. This excellent album finishes off with the last of a trio of co-written tracks, Call Me A Cab. His co-writers this time are again the father and son duo of Kevin and Yates McKendree. Yates plays double bass plays behind Delbert’s spoken, almost beatnik, vocal of 36 seconds as he ends another night.
He’s over 80 now but Delbert McClinton can still show the young bucks how to do it.
www.delbert.com
Various Artists – We All Shine On: Celebrating The Music Of 1970 (Spyderpop)
1970 is the year that I first started taking a real interest in music. Before then it was noise in the background at family parties that I didn’t really appreciate until later. Spyderpop’s compilation celebrates the start of the glorious decade of the 70s with a 22-track bundle of covers of what 1970 had to offer. It has some glaring omissions but I’m glad they have curtailed it at 22 tracks as this reviewer’s life is hard enough already. There are omissions but what is included more than covers the spirit of the year 1970. First up is Petsche and Raines’ version of Are You Ready. This is a rousing version of the original from one hit wonders, Pacific Gas & Electric. The gruff vocal, delivered preacher style sets it off well and it’s a good start to the album. Bill Lloyd takes on Randy Newman’s Mama Told Me Not To Come, made famous by Three Dog Night, and turns it into a jangly Rickenbacker triumph. The jarring guitar in the solo turns it into a highlight. Yellow River, originally a UK number 1 by Christie and still danced to by old ladies to this day, is covered by The Armoires. There’s a little lilt of viola in there and if you listen hard enough you’ll also hear the producer’s dog barking. It’s a decent version that you can’t help your spirits lifting to and it takes you back to more innocent times. Straightforward and there’s not really any need for anything else. Sunshine is a little-known track from The Archies and sparkle*jets UK give it some Glam Rock stirrings. It’s harmonic and pounding. I don’t know the original but it has such a catchy chorus. Current Brian Wilson band member Darian Sahanaja brings us his version of Mark Lindsay’s Arizona. This is slow and sultry and definitely of its time. It’s an orchestral, medallion man ballad and I could imagine Tom Jones and his ilk singing this back in the day. Originally a Soul classic from The Delfonics, Didn’t I (Blow Your Mind This Time) is turned on its head by Mitch Easter. He rocks it and fuzzes the vocal although you can still plainly hear the original melody, especially in the chorus. You might not recognise the next tune until the chorus but Danny Wilkerson’s version of Ray Stevens’ Everything Is Beautiful encapsulates the ethos of the early 70s as Flower Power hadn’t yet receded. Lannie Flowers (he’s one of my favourites this year) takes on the often-recorded Joe South classic Walk A Mile In My Shoes. Lannie gives this an expansive acoustic alt-country makeover and it’s a highlight. Irene Pena brings us the McCartney written Badfinger hit Come And Get It and it’s a change from the original. You’ll recognise it but it’s given jarring electric guitars and female vocals. Not to be dismissed though, it’s short and to the point. Riki Tiki Tavi, a lesser-known Donovan song about a mongoose, is given a subtle Reggae treatment by Richard Barone. His clear vocal delivers Donovan’s pointed lyric “The United Nations ain’t really that united” and that is as true today as it was in 1970. The Guess Who’s Share The Land is another that I wasn’t aware of before and Popdudes bring a rockier approach than those that have gone before. It’s still 70s Pop though and there’s that hippy ethos again with Michael Simmons giving it his best Paul McCartney vocal.
One of Neil Diamond’s biggest hits, Cracklin’ Rosie, is left in the hands of The Brothers Steve and they stay quite close to the original. It’s one of the more famous songs in the collection so it’s best not to muck about with it too much. This can’t be anything other than a highlight, the crowd pleaser that it is. The sounds of the 70s come through strong on the orchestral infused Tighter, Tighter from Pat Buchanan. A Tommy James song, this is another for the crooners. You’ll pick up on What Is Life immediately as the guitar riff is so familiar. The Legal Matters take up the challenge of this George Harrison classic and deliver another highlight with a very good version. Sweeping and soaring vocals are a pleasure and confirm that it’s not only the 70s that were a very harmonic decade. R Dean Taylor’s Indiana Wants Me is brought to us by Bobby Sutliff. Sirens open it and we should heed the sirens as this isn’t the best version of this classic from the American songbook and it is vocally not powerful enough for this power song. Another UK number 1, in fact the first new number 1 of the 1970’s, is Edison Lighthouse’s Love Grows Where My Rosemary Goes. The Test Pressings have the honour of bringing us this one and it’s a great version, hooking you in from the first guitar note. Reflections Of My Life is brought to us by Starbelly. Originally made famous by Marmalade, they do a good job but maybe not getting the full pathos of the original but well done on taking on what is actually quite a complex song. Very good guitar solo from Bryan Ewald has to be mentioned. I wasn’t aware of Melanie’s Lay Down (Candles In The Rain) before I heard this Marc Jonson version. Tambourine clashes, strong acoustic guitar and airy vocals make for a Phil Spector styled 1970 song if you’ve ever heard one. The Partridge Family’s debut song, and I believe the biggest selling US record of 1970, was I Think I Love You and Jonathan Pushkar is given the unenviable task of reproducing it. He needn’t have worried as this is a great pop version of a great pop song. Theatrical and expressive, it fits the bill. The Kinks’ Lola is one of my favourite songs so Diamond Hands are under a little pressure not to spoil it. It’s not the usual intro but as they get into it, it grows on you. To be fair, it is difficult with such an iconic song and they do produce a very good version despite not having the often-manic voices of Ray and Dave Davies. I’m not familiar with Fresh As A Daisy, an Emitt Rhodes song tackled by Chris Price, who incidentally produced Rhodes’ final record in 2016. It’s all pleasant with bouncy and perky keys and well sung. Pop personified for the early 70s. The massive set closes with Loose from The Used Electrics and they are going out with a bang. Crashing, scorching guitars hint that Glam and Punk Rock is a coming! They Rock it out to the end and they do ham it up a little vocally. It’s all good fun and I’m sure The Beastie Boys must have sampled the original Iggy and The Stooges at some point.
If, like me, you like a bit of nostalgia but also brought up to date then this could well be for you.
www.spyderpoprecords.com
Walter Trout – Ride (Provogue Records)
Ride is Walter Trout’s 30th solo album and he promises to take us on a musical rollercoaster with it. It’s his first since 2020’s Ordinary Madness and draws on his darker days as well as the good times. He opens with the first of three singles, Ghosts, and it’s Blues Rock only the way that Walter can do it. Throbbing and driving, he grinds it out with his long-time rhythm section of Johnny Griparic (bass) and Michael Leasure (drums) beefing it up and Teddy ‘Zig Zag’ Andreadis just on the periphery on keys. Vocally, he sounds as good as ever and when he opens up on guitar he just blows you away – the ghosts don’t stand a chance. Sharp and incisive, he starts with a gem. The title track is another of the singles and we have harmonica blowing like a horn as the band go off at breakneck speed. This is very Allman sounding and another excellent song with Andreadis on piano. It’s a train song at the end of the day but one filled with superb guitar and it’s another highlight making it 2 for 2. There’s a change of pace and intensity for the ballad, Follow You Back Home. It’s standard stuff but done with Walter style. It’s heartfelt with a vocal full of pathos but the guitar separates it from other ballads. He's back on the Rock for So Many Sad Goodbyes and the band gets into a slow groove. Tales of loss and making the most of your time can be taken from it. Oh, and that deep growling guitar confirms he’s lost none of his passion. He’s such an expressive player. The harmonica is back for High Is Low, a more straightforward Blues. It’s grungy with a gritty vocal - ladies and gentlemen, this is Walter Trout! Slow and swaying, this is special and will excite you. Organ fills the sound but it’s all about that guitar. The last of the trio of singles is Waiting For The Dawn and this slow Blues has more of a classic Chicago nightclub sound. Walter picks out the notes and makes you listen to every single one of them, making it another favourite.
I’m sure that we all welcome the sentiment of Better Days Ahead. Grinding, grungy Blues Rock is the order of the day as Walter spits out the vocal. It’s bass heavy and the drums pound with the sound of the organ just on the fringes. He goes a little Country/Southern Rock on The Fertile Soil which has good harmonies, as there are elsewhere on the album and stylish guitar. Nice piano, organ and acoustic guitar touches add flavour. I Worry Too Much is a swaggering Blues Rock with Walter strutting his stuff and another favourite. They are such a tight band and by tight I mean loose, if you know what I mean! Keys are higher in the mix this time. This is superb and surely he has got to be one of everyone’s favourite guitarists. He keeps it up with the rocker, Leave It All Behind and this will get the crowd going. He certainly puts some Roll into his Rock. I’ll say it again, a favourite! It’s a lighter approach with added horns, or keys sounding like horns at least, and a top rate piano solo. However, everything is blown away by Walter’s guitar. It’s back to the heavier style for the penultimate track, Hey Mama, on which he has a chat with his mother. It’s pleading and descriptive vocal has a human touch as he speaks to his mother through voice and guitar. I’d say that on the evidence of this album, his set list has grown considerably. The way that he builds into the solos is exceptional. The final track is Destiny and I wonder what destiny has in store for Walter. A ballad to finish with wouldn’t be my choice but if you’re going to do one then might as well make it a good one. This is all about how it was his destiny to meet his wife and how he’s been through it and she’s helped him come out the other side. Lovey sentiment in the song which is effectively a love song for her. I hope that he continues to stay strong. The vulnerability in his voice is shown on this type of song and he shows a good tone and reaches the higher notes well. He signs off with some signature guitar and although I’d have loved a rockier finish he has left me wanting more.
30 albums in and Walter Trout is still standing tall. I’m already looking forward to number 31.
www.waltertrout.com
www.mascotlabelgroup.com
Dave Edwards – Many Rivers (Cadiz Music)
Dave ‘Spud’ Edwards isn’t a name that comes to mind when mentioning great British guitarists but the fact is that he’s one of the best Rock guitarists ever to have come out of London. Having played in bands with Rory Gallagher and Iron Maiden’s Dennis Stratton there is no doubting his pedigree. Many Rivers features songs culled from his archives over the past 40 years and two recent songs with members of The Cockney Rejects. We open with two songs from his early 80s band, British Isles and on Maybe This Time we are taken straight into a Phil Lynott bass line from Chris Glenn of SAHB and Michael Schenker Group fame. It’s a percussive start with Rod de’Ath of the Rory Gallagher Band and his fellow band mate Lou Martin on keys. Dave delivers a strong vocal and slicing guitar solos. It thunders on in the second half as Dave unleashes his full might. Enemies is the second of the British Isles songs and this is a pulsating rocker. Classic Rock with driving drums from de’Ath and Hammond from Martin to the fore. Never Want To Hear You Say Goodbye is a Rock power ballad in the Whitesnake mould. Dave’s tenor is well suited here and the obligatory sharp guitar breaks, well performed, show how good a player he is. Steve Goff’s bass high in the mix on this one. The title track is a version of the classic Jimmy Cliff song and he has that timbre to his voice that lends itself to this song. Cliff’s version sends shivers up my spine – this comes close. There’s a strong solo but you don’t need to do anything to this song and he plays it pretty straight. It’s a highlight, for the song alone and is from when he was playing in the Gerry McAvoy Band along with Ted McKenna (SAHB) on drums and Gerry McAvoy (Rory Gallagher Band) on bass. Party In The Back Seat Of My Car is a Rainbow style rocker. Storming guitar as the basis of strong, driving Rock; what’s not to like? Highlight. He can Rock, that’s for sure and he shows it on It’s Our Time. Straightforward, no nonsense with throbbing bass from Goff, driven on by Clive Brookes’ (Groundhogs) drums and Dave’s guitar producing a sliding solo. He keeps the rocking up and increases the pace for Dreaming. This is high octane stuff, not the best lyrically but a dramatic solo more than makes up for it. From his days in JoKev in 1995 we get the ballad, Forever. Piano and keys led; it allows Dave to show how good a voice he has. The expected guitar solo comes in late but what a heady solo.
Feels Like Ice is another from the Whitesnake/Rainbow/Graham Bonnet stable. It’s funked up a little with synths but still a pretty straightforward 80s style British Rock. Featuring another powerful solo, this is another from his JoKev days. There’s an atmospheric, bluesy opening to Railway Station, which then turns into an 8-minute British Blues Rock epic with Dave on top form. I have nothing but praise for this. It’s well played, well sung, well written and one for the playlists for sure. John Mayall would be proud of this, a powerhouse, controlled performance on guitar from his 2015 band Three Piece Suite. He goes for it again on the full-on rocker, Love Won’t Fool Me Again. This is full of pace and passion and he shows how good he is again with a soaring solo and a vocal to match. Another highlight. There’s a touch of Punk at the start of Baby Says but it then goes into a more conventional rocker with a piercing vocal and driving solo. The acoustic led Can You See It is a Rock ballad and built for stadiums. Full of tempo changes and twists we get a dual guitar with Tom Dunn and taken from his 1981 band, National Grid. Birdsong greets us on Don’t Tell Me Lies before piano comes in from Carlo Villa. This is a very pastoral start and goes this way for a couple of minutes before additional keys and acoustic guitar join along with Dave’s soft vocal. It does build with bass and drums added from Steve Murray and Martin Johnson respectively. Overall, quite Folksy and ends again with birdsong. This is from when he was playing with Union Jack in 1996. The first of the two newer songs is The Old Man Of Canning Town which opens with grungy guitar and thumping drums from Jason Eviritt. This is heavy Rock and what Dave is best at. It’s an amalgamation of Classic British Heavy Metal bands with his shredding solo confirming his continuing credentials and calling themselves TNT with Vince Riordan and Micky Geggus of The Cockney Rejects on bass and guitar respectively. He closes with a rocker in the form of Davey’s Eyes and you can bang your head all the way to the end.
This doesn’t feel like a compilation as it flows so well and it is a great introduction to the music of one of the UK’s finest guitarists.
www.cadizmusic.co.uk
Jason Lee McKinney Band – One Last Thing (Bonfire Records)
Nashville based Jason Lee McKinney and his band bring us some Southern Gospel-tinged grooves on their new album, One Last Thing. The stained-glass window on the front cover should be a big clue to what is inside but it’s not a fire and brimstone kind of album by any manner of means and it’s the first venture by the band into this genre. They open with Jason leading on acoustic guitar for Cross Over. It’s Gospel as mentioned before and a song about passing on but when the band joins in with drums, horns, organ, handclaps, whoops and hollers then all you get is a sense of euphoria. There’s a funky guitar and rhythm section (Billy Wright and Logan Todd on bass and drums respectively) on Sing A Prayer. Jason’s pinpoint vocals are ably backed by Barry Strauser, who also contributes all keyboards, with a choral feel. The horns are in there again to give it great depth. Add in a sweeping, uplifting chorus and a gritty guitar solo from Sam Berce and you have a great song, no matter what the message is. Strauser brings a deep and eerie keyboard intro to Freedom which then bursts into life with strong vocal and grungy guitar. It's another choral background, this time with Biblical overtones and slide guitar. What we do have here is a band that is full of Soul. Strauser’s keyboards are excellent throughout and the change of pace towards the end adds that sense of intrigue. Unified is what I would call Churchy Soul Rock and you can’t ignore the spiritual direction of these songs whether you believe or not. Musically, they are very good, lyrically it’s up to you. The surging and swaying Promises is carried by Strauser and Berce on keyboards and guitar before we come to When I’m Gone with its horns and slide guitar giving a relaxing start before it grooves into action. It’s soulful and striding with a slower middle section which helps to give a base for them to push it out to the end, starting with a powerful guitar solo. The rhythm section is high up in the mix on this one. Jason hits a strong falsetto in parts of Paperback Novels and the pleasant sounds and punchy guitar will just wash over you. The Country Blues Rock of Sing On were chosen as the single and you can hear why. With a singalong choral chorus, the song has a powerful and spiritual feel with a preaching vocal and sharp, piercing guitar. The Hammond organ is unmistakeable and excellent, making this a highlight.
Doubters Prayer is acoustic led and Steel guitar gives that Country feel. It builds well towards the chorus. I believe this to be more overtly Christian than the others but as I have said before, it doesn’t matter your beliefs as the music will come across anyway. A strong and aching vocal from Jason is the centre point. When you mention Gospel then scenes of US churches in euphoria will come to mind for many and in Liturgy you will get that feeling. It will be uplifting for many with its rocking piano and drums going like a runaway truck. It’s back to acoustic led for Lighthouse and you can take what you like from the lyrics; a God, a focus point whatever. People might get some comfort from the lyric here and elsewhere from this tale about a child and the advice that can be given. Another musical highlight is the funky Soul and contemporary Blues Rock of Make No Mistake. This is full of top guitar fills, grungy solos and backing vocals. This is probably the best vocal on the album. They stay in the Funk and Soul arena for Song Of Songs and Jason’s voice fits in well with those of his family. It’s got a slow, slinky groove and the guitar work is strong again. It’s Southern Rock for Voice For The Voiceless and this is another highlight with its striding, surging and soaring chorus and the choral section is top notch. Jason turns to his acoustic guitar and sings us Without End. On this he shows us what a good voice he has and the song is simple, effective and mesmerising. It’s a short acoustic break as we return to full electric for the title track, which is another funky offering and slinks about like an alley cat. The band follows a strong, grinding groove and the message gets through with the religious among us able to take plenty from it. They close with a radio edit of Sing On. It’s just shorter than the previous one but just as excellent.
No matter your persuasion, you are likely to be able to take something from this album.
www.jasonleemckinneyband.com
Michael Tinholme – Singled Out (Independent)
Michael Tinholme may not be a name that is familiar to you. However, his story will resonate with many and some of the musicians who have joined him in this latest venture will certainly be known to lots of you. Immersed in music from an early age Michael played his first professional gig at the age of 12. Things were not to go smoothly for the young Michael though and after leaving home at the age of 15 and spending 6 six years homeless, he put down roots and formed a band. He gained plenty of recognition and was courted by a number of top labels but his teenage experiences picked away at him and he gave up music for a number of years. Since returning in 2007 he has produced sporadic Jazz and easy listening releases with some big names assisting. Singled Out is the latest release and covers Jazz, the American Songbook, Christmas and all things crooner. He opens with one of the singles, and a tribute to David Bowie, Lady Stardust (A Songscape Tribute). He gives this a crooning makeover with Mike Garson (Bowie’s pianist) playing lovely piano. Brandon Fields plays an emotional sax solo and the backing singers lend a further depth. Tinholme has a good voice and has put his own slant on this although he doesn’t take on some of the higher range notes. The first of the American Songbook classics is Brother Can You Spare A Dime and his dulcet tones and percussive treatment give it a different dimension. The backing is mean and moody backing with piercing guitar against the soft vocal. The organ playing is strong and there is a complex guitar solo to contend with too. All in all, this is a good version of the song and different from what you’ll have heard before. Xsamba (The Full Story) is a jazzy samba with a full big band. This is where he goes into full Jazz crooner. It’s good for what it is but I’m not sure of its origins. The acoustic guitar is excellent with bass and drums driving the samba beat as the bass, guitar and trumpet exchange licks. The classic standard, Georgia is smooth and relaxing and Michael gives it the respect that it deserves with his silky voice. Another standard for the crooners is A Nightingale Sang In Berkeley Square but I do find him trying to be too much like Michael Bublé on this. That said, there is a market for him because people like good songs, well sung and that is what this is. The trumpet solo is very good, followed closely by piano and bass. The American Songbook is out again for The Party’s Over but I’ll say this, and it’s not a scathing criticism, the problem is with this kind of album is that it’s been done before and unless there’s a unique twist it’s likely to fall into the mire of all the others. He sings well, his song choices are good and the band is superb but there’s nothing that grabs you specifically on this one.
We get a couple of originals in the form of My Romance West Coast and My Romance East Coast. They swing and the trumpet sells them. It’s like Sleepless In Seattle and You’ve Got Mail in song format with this duo of songs with a contemporary feel. On Make Someone Happy he shows that he has a decent range and he takes on this classic well. The string arrangements have been very good and his vocal is sweet here. The album is completed with 4 seasonal songs, which were relevant when the album came out at the turn of the year, maybe not now as the review is being written. These types of songs can fall into a love or hate choice quite often and I’ll be brief on each. I’ll Be Home For Christmas is a schmaltzy Christmas tune, nothing else needs to be said, When Winter Falls On New York is another Winter/Christmas song which is not as good as the previous but does have a smoking sax, Happy Christmas War Is Over is not even spelled as per the original and is the wrong song to try and change but with a good female vocal and finally, Maybe Next Year, which is another for looking forward at the end of the year and strange to be listening to it now. It’s not the best but his wistful vocal and the hopes of what is to come carries a heartfelt, though very short message. The album kind of peters out for me but that’s mainly due to the time of year for reviewing rather than anything else.
Apart from the aforementioned Bowie pianist Mike Garson and Steely Dan sax player Brandon Fields, others who contribute to the album are guitarist Mike Miller (Bette Midler, Quincy Jones), drummer Gary Novak (Alanis Morrisette, Natalie Cole), Steve Lukather (Toto) on guitar, trumpeter Randy Brecker and producer Tom Fowler (Frank Zappa, Ray Charles). An all-star cast, I am sure you will agree.
www.michaeltinholme.com
Bananafish – Boston Bananafish (Treated And Released Records)
This double album features recordings only previously available at live performances of Boston’s Rock N Roll jam band, Bananafish. Released to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the band, the album uses all the best modern techniques to bring the songs back from the abyss and preserve them for modern and future listeners.
Split into two sections (Songs and Instrumentals), one for each album, the Songs album opens with the Country Rock of What’s Been Going On? but don’t let them fool you into a false sense of security as many changes will unfold throughout the album. As for this mid paced strummer of an opener it brings us a band who clearly liked to have humour in their music and one that liked to play and sing with freedom. Think of this as a cross between The Allman Brothers and The Barenaked Ladies. The frantic Red Car Coming follows with Frank Zappa influences and a Rockabilly/Garage ethos. It’s the drums that drives this but electric piano and guitar are welcome passengers. However, blink and it’s over. In another change of style, they find a slinky groove for Luck & Work which has Soul, Funk and Blues all represented. Fordham Murdy (now known as Reverend Freakchild) delivers an expressive vocal over pointed keys. Slide guitar also makes an appearance as the overall feel finally becomes that of late 60s Rock. They Funk it out from the start of Casey And Hayes but again the styles change within the song and they revert to the sounds of Grateful Dead, Blood, Sweat & Tears, Chicago, Doobie Brothers et al with the rolling piano giving it a Southern feel. Holding On is standard soft rock played at a slower pace. It’s not the best on offer although Murdy does let loose vocally in parts but a bit lazy in others. The guitar work from Matt Rae is good though and again the Allmans come to mind on that particularly. Dreamy psychedelic sounds herald Underneath The Porch with its spaced-out guitar and keys and drums to the fore.
They could be as laid back as they were frantic at times and Nobody’s Fault certainly falls into the former category. They certainly had a style of their own but there are many influences that contribute to this uniqueness. Piano and guitar lead but the rhythm section are a force to be reckoned with and the vocal, at times in the style of Talking Heads, often feels secondary. If there was ever a title for the pandemic then Keep On Keeping On has to be it. The track is sultry, funky soft rock with a very retro sound, even for the time that it was recorded over 20 years ago. This just keeps coming at you, metronomic and mesmerising. They throw in a live recording to let us hear how they sounded in that forum and the 8 minute long Talk Good About Me has bluesy guitar and piano and a suitably moaning vocal from Murdy. It’s atmospheric with a Jazz inflected and Doors influenced repeated riff. Murdy turns on the power vocal in places and the guitar is strong and drums are powerful as usual. There are more Talking Heads influences on Penumbra (Thank You – I’m Sorry). The bass player is very good and his rapid playing keeps up as the guitar and drums force the pace. There is a fun keyboard and guitar interlude which includes part of The Bonanza theme. For whatever reason, perhaps the strong bass and the humour, Ian Dury comes to mind. Belpre At Night is soulful and jazzy and is one destined for late night playlists. Bass is showing up well again and this has the best vocal so far as Murdy goes through the emotions. The extended bluesy guitar break is fine as they change tempo more than once before the piano takes over and calms things down again. The guitar then returns to speed it up again and inject those Blues Rock vibes towards the finish. They close the first album with a cover of The Beatles’ With A Little Help From My Friends. Guitar led and vocally amended with sweeps and sways, it gives enough of a change to make it different but not too much that you can’t recognise the original.
The instrumental album kicks off with Mrs Moriarty and sees a return to high impact energetic Jazz sounds. All elements of the band feature with piano leading frantic guitar, pinging bass and rapid drums. It’s got plenty of tempo changes but leaves the listener with a strange feeling. The bass is high in the mix as it spars first with the keys and then Rae’s guitar on Planet Garbonzo. It has a space age feel and fits firmly in the Jazz Rock arena. Neat and tidy guitar, which is a trademark of the band. Smoking Gaia is an extended Rock, Jazz inflected guitar led track with light and shade and subtle tempo shifts. The drums, as usual, keeps them on course as the bass pings and guitar and keys swapping lead roles. These are excellent musicians, excelling and producing a riff laden melange although the ragged percussion section is less good. Mauve opens with rapid guitar from Rae before everyone joins in on the fun. The Jazz feel that they get on so many of the tracks comes through again and had they continued in this vein then they could well have been up there with the top Jazz Rock protagonists of their era. Familiar themes run through on guitar as they have done elsewhere. In a further change they bring Celtic sounds with the keys reflecting a flute on Avereen. They like their changes of tempo and feel within the song. Celtic Jazz Rock with rolling guitar from Murdy and Rae and drums as the backbone. The influence of Frank Zappa returns on Crazy Karma, a short, bass driven and manic instrumental which introduces xylophone and the bluesy acoustic guitar is a surprise. Crazy indeed. This instrumental second album closes with the fast paced and high energy of Nobody. Freeform Jazz Rock with lots of highs and lows. You don’t know where they’ll take you next and there’s a surprise waiting around each corner. They share it out with each member performing key tasks high in the mix. You’ll get lost in this as it almost goes into another track at 4 minutes but they keep the same theme to stay on track. Mayhem.
I feel as if I’ve been put through the wringer after listening to these songs but it is an experience that I’m willing to try again.
www.www-reverendfreakchild.org/bananafish
Nick Andrea – Blues @ Dark (Self Released)
Released as an 8-track vinyl and 13 track CD, this is Nick Andrea’s debut solo outing. Originally meant to be a Law & Chaos album with TJ Sullivan, circumstances dictated that Nick go out on his own with the tracks and then add a few for good measure. The smoky Jazz of Now All I Do Is Play The Blues opens proceedings. Nick’s plaintive vocal immediately hits you smack in the face with tinkling piano (Jeff Paris), stabbing guitar (Sullivan), lightly crashing cymbals, horns (Jim Scimonetti) and muted trumpet from Nick prominent. This is late-night, grown-up music and is the first of 3 original Law & Chaos singles on the album. The second of those singles and our Blues single of 2021 is Whiskey Whispers. I’ve said plenty about this song in the past and Nick has remained true to the Law & Chaos version as he has in the others that were meant for that album. It’s Blues inspired and strips Nick down to his soul as he tells the tale of the depths that he has reached in his life. TJ Sullivan’s guitar is still as sweet and Nick’s vocal and trumpet fully complement the song. Craig William’ echoed saxophones bring us Motherless Soul and herald a change in style. This is more up-tempo and funkier than I’ve heard before but it still has that Blues base and that strict sounding guitar from Sullivan. Nick shows a certain vulnerability in his vocal and he’s not what you would call a conventional singer. The last of the singles released under the Law & Chaos banner is Missus 2nd Place, a mid-paced shuffling trumpet and guitar Blues. Nick’s elongated Jazz vocal suits this well as he sings in the higher ranges. TJ rocks the guitar and it should be said that piano (this time from Craig T Fall) is a big component in this band. Nick takes on the Stevie Wonder classic, Superstition, with Truth Jones contributing vocals. On the whole, keyboards are replaced by Williams’ sax and Sullivan’s rocked up guitar (Fall’s Hammond B3 is there in the background) and it is slowed down from the original with slide guitar another unexpected addition. Nick grinds out the vocal to complete a very different version and that’s what will make it a favourite of the future. Truth Jones is simply wonderful. This is one of my favourite Stevie songs and Nick has shown it in a new light with this epic version which is out as a single. Back to Jazz for Skeletons In My Basement with upright bass & piano from Fall, sax and drums prominent. Nick’s smoky vocal is perfect for this style of song. Is there a clarinet or two in there? Yes there is and Scimonetti will please my daughter, the clarinet player of the family. Nick’s trumpet and TJ’s guitar swap licks as the track grooves on.
The acoustic slide Blues of Half-Of-A-Man is another of the current singles and Nick’s clear and sharp vocal fills this all too short jewel. He stays acoustic for Somebody Not You, the last of the tracks on the vinyl album. This is Blues based Jazz with Scimonetti’s clarinet in the background, although I may be mistaking this with his saxophones on this occasion and apologies if I have. Barrelhouse piano from Fall and Sullivan’s slide deployed once more. The song makes me think of Louis Prima in places. The first of the extra tracks for CD is Bittersweet Blues and Nick’s distinctive vocal is hard to ignore. He’s no mean trumpet player either. Shuffling drums, guitar and upright bass give this song a ‘feel’. We get the full horn experience on Something Bad Is Gonna Happen To You along with keys and rhythmic guitar as he funks it up. The rhythm section drives it on with some Latin grooves in there too. The Bill Is Coming Due is an acoustic Delta Blues with a twist. The guitar is well played, beside minimal percussion and authentic crackles in the background. This is a highlight. I’m not particularly a Jazz fan but after stumbling across a Chet Baker album a number of years ago I have to say that I became a fan of his. Nick has produced a stunning version of Baker’s I Fall In Love Too Easily with Jeff Paris’ piano playing soundboard to Nicks vocal and trumpet with the rhythm section are just in earshot. This is another favourite and Nick’s voice was made for this song. We get enough little vocal blemishes/wavering’s to make it original. I can see why he released it as a single. The album finishes with Last Time Blues, a Charlie McCoy song if I’m not mistaken. It’s an electric Blues with strong guitar and one of the slower songs that pepper the album. It’s a strong finish with a horn fuelled crescendo of a chorus.
You may take a little time to tune into Nick’s vocal but don’t just play the album once, or listen to a couple of tracks, as it will grow on you as will the art of listening to an album. The warm feel of vinyl is great but you have to get the full experience of the 13 tracks on the CD. Buy both!
Martin Barre Band – Live At The Wildey (The Store For Music)
This extensive 29 track 2CD collection captures The Martin Barre Band performing the acclaimed 50 Years Of Jethro Tull show at the Wildey Theatre in Illinois in 2019.Joined by original Tull band members Clive Bunker on drums and Dee Palmer on keyboards they take us through the history of Jethro Tull. The albums contain many of the band’s biggest hits and some that will be only recognisable to big Jethro Tull fans. The added commentary as the band goes through the phases of Jethro Tull’s career is a good touch, albeit a bit spooky the first time you hear it. Going back to 1968 for the pounding opener, Song For Jeffrey, they produce a very good live version of the song, originally featured on The Rolling Stones’ Rock & Roll Circus. Barre’s guitar is mighty fine as is the acoustic section and they get the vocal phrasings down to a tee. 1968 was also the year for My Sunday Feeling, a striding Prog Rock flecked with Folk, Jazz and Blues which shows how good a guitarist Barre is. They plunder 1969’s Stand Up album for four tracks, the best of which are For A Thousand Mothers and To Cry You A Song, the former treating the diehards with very good flamboyant guitar and the complex latter featuring dual guitar from Barre and Dan Crisp and sounding so authentic. Highlights both. Aqualung was one of the first Jethro Tull songs that I heard and the album of the same name will be 51 years old next month! Three songs from that album in this first section are Cross Eyed Mary, a quirky Folk title but not a Folk song, Hymn 43 which is powerful in every way and the aforementioned title track with its descriptive lyric, grinding beat and superb guitar. An excerpt of Thick As A Brick comes in at 10 mins, boy could those Prog Rock guys write a long song! From the album of the same name and one much loved one by fans. This is originally from 1972 and was the album, some say, that pushed them worldwide. Full of epic Celtic influences and big guitars from Barre and Crisp.
There is an acoustic section to the first CD which will come as a surprise to most. The girls get their chance to shine and Alex Hart and Becca Langsford step forward to take on lead vocal duties. There’s a Blues vibe to Someday The Sun Won’t Shine, from the 1968 This Was album and it shows that Barre has a lovely way with his arrangements. A further four tracks are taken from Aqualung with the mesmeric guitar and vocalists making Cheap Day Return a beauty and the band goes full on Folk with mandolin from Barre on an acoustic Locomotive Breath as the best two. I do get a touch of It’s Raining Men in parts – just me? Probably! One White Duck, beautifully sung by Alex and Becca, is the sole track from 1975’s Minstrel In The Gallery and another entrenched in Folk showing the roots of Tull and what they, and The Martin Barre Band, could and can do with a song.
The second CD has less tracks but is not any less of treasure trove. Here we get three tracks from the 1974 album Warchild, the best being the pounding Sealion with its very good dual guitar work. The 1978 album Heavy Horses was seen to be by some a turning point for Jethro Tull and the title track continues that dual guitar sound which is becoming a feature. They take two tracks from Songs From The Wood (1977) and they become increasingly Celtic as evidenced by the excellent Hunting Girl. A further change, and perhaps one back to some of their 1968 music, comes in the shape of Steel Monkey and Jump Start from 1987’s Crest Of A Knave. Here they go in a heavier Rock direction rather than the Celtic Folk influenced material. The latter in particular is Blues influenced Rock with a Tull twist and sweeping guitar from Barre. It’s back to the 1969 and Stand Up for New Day Yesterday, a heavy Blues Rock which was covered brilliantly by Joe Bonamassa. This is a highlight. A full-on electric version this time of Locomotive Breath sees the girls back on backing vocals as they show how different two versions of the same song can be. The closing track, Dharma, is included as a bonus track. Part of Dharma For One from the This Was album in 1968, this expansive instrumental has them showing all the skills with guitar and drums having extended solos just like they used to do in the good old days.
If you are a Jethro Tull fan then this is one for you, unless you only listened for Ian Anderson’s vocal and flute and if you are new to Martin Barre or Jethro Tull then this will give you a great introduction to the flavour of what he is and they were.
www.thestoreformusic.com
Eric Gales – Crown (Provogue)
After 30 years and 18 albums, Eric Gales is widely recognised as one of the finest Blues Rock guitarists around. The passion shown on each of his albums is testament to the man who has had personal struggles at times in his career. This is my first review of an Eric Gales album since 2010’s Relentless and I have to say that my excitement levels went up a notch when this new album landed on my desk. The first few words of Death Of Me are “My name is Eric Gales, any questions?” So, no mistaking his intent as he goes off on a grinding, melodic Blues Rock. It’s not the explosive start that you’d maybe expect but it does have a power chorus and a middle section that is theatrical and leads us into the solo. If there were any doubts about his stature then this will blow them away as he burns up the frets. The Storm starts out with just Eric on vocal before going off on a soulful groove with horns and organ. It’s a Soul Blues and a guitar that is good for your soul. If he’s not on your list of the best guitarists in the world then get him on there. This is a solo played from the heart. Sheer bliss. There are three short vignettes on the album, the first being the 30 second shuffle of Had To Dip. It’s just a precursor to the squaring off of two behemoths on I Want My Crown. Joe Bonamassa joins Eric on this juddering fast funky Blues Rock, picked out as an earlier single. Eric’s velvet vocal meets a festival of guitar. Horns, backing vocalists fill out the sound and this is a highlight. Who’s the best? Who knows! He slows the pace down for Stand Up and electric piano leads. After the previous track we need to take a breath. Eric’s soulful voice is all over this and a gentle, yet powerful, solo shows his class again. The organ fills where needed as do the backing singers with the piano getting a short solo too and leading us out of the song. It’s back to the grinding, pounding Blues Rock for Survivor. There are thumping drums and deep reverberating bass backing a powerful, melodic chorus and sublime guitar. There is a political message in there but it’s not in your face. They do feel like a power trio at times, especially in the solo, in the vein of Hendrix and Cream. You Don’t Know The Blues is played at walking pace and Eric tells it how it is. His guitar is full of life and lifts your mood even if you do know the Blues. He lists many of the things that can give you the Blues – we’ve all had at least one, haven’t we? Rattlin’ Change is the second of the short interludes, a minute of raucous jam with drums, organ and bass going at it behind the guitar.
It’s not all about the power with Eric and on Too Close To The Fire we have a gentler and more soulful Eric, albeit one who still litters the song with little riffs and runs. It’s the longest track on the album at just over 7 minutes and is an epic. His piercing solos cut through the relative calm and you might just start to think, are we in the presence of greatness? Yes we are! Put That Back is a funky grinder as the band gets into a groove with horns and backing singers playing a big part. Bass and drums lay down the backbone and I dare you not to move to this. Throw in Eric’s storming guitar and we have another highlight. LaDonna Gales features on Take Me Just As I Am and she shows that she is just as powerful a singer as Eric. This has an urban Isaac Hayes feel, a slinky groover with a bit of rapping from Eric. The last of the trio of vignettes is the 45 seconds of Cupcakin’. It’s another jam and takes us onto Let Me Start With This. Eric Hits the effects pedals for this one and brings us more of his grinding funky soul Blues. He gets some interesting sound from his guitar effects. The addition of accordion on I Found Her gives a Euro feel. Eric plays some slow acoustic guitar with some nice chords in there. Do I hear a mandolin? The vocal is heartfelt and his guitar solo adds to that Euro feel but also shows his skills on acoustic too. He comes at us with the big electric solo at the end, I wouldn’t expect anything else, before leaving us with just the accordion to finish. My Own Best Friend is a sultry, smoky and sedate Blues. Sedate, that is, compared to others but it gives the light and shade contrast in the album. It’s a Soul Blues and still has the solo but it is more restrained this time. The second break, over the organ, is superb and with a wonderful riff. Simply beautiful. The closing track, the aptly named I Gotta Go has Big Band vibes with energetic bursts and is the perfect way to end the album. It’s got Eric having a chat like at the end of a concert. Just like the old Blues artists a la BB King ending a show. He’s gotta go but he’s gotta come back quick as he is sounding as good as ever. He’s Eric Gales, any questions?
Now, that is an album!
www.ericgales.com
www.mascotlabelgroup.com
Girlschool – From London To Nashville (The Store For Music)
This 2 CD set comprises live performances from 1984 on both sides of the Atlantic, one in London and the other in Nashville. Girlschool were formed in 1978 during the new wave of British Heavy Metal (NWOBHM) and went on to bring us Girl Power, long before The Spice Girls were even thought of. The first CD is a concert from the Camden Palace in London and opens with C’Mon Let’s Go which is like a challenge. Fans of Heavy Rock will be well aware of Girlschool and their approach and this energetic opener shows exactly what they were all about and that girls could rock too. The suitably raucous Nowhere To Run follows and proves that they could play, they weren’t just poster girls, and that they had everything a heavy rock band needed including the attitude. They were full on and not letting up on You Got Me. The vocals are top, guitars are great and the rhythm section is the foundation for it all but it’s not noise just for noise’s sake. The teasing and confronting Play Dirty has a piercing, stabbing solo before we are whipped off to Love Is A Lie with its A Kinks style guitar beat. They tell it like it is but it loses a little in the vocal in places. Another scorching solo though. Hit & Run proves that they were just a Rock band not a girls Rock band and that’s what they set out to achieve – recognition for that. They know how to set out a song and make sure that you hear it. Future Flash is like The Kinks on steroids as they venture into the Punk arena. We get a dual vocal attack on Rock Me, Shock Me but it’s not the best – too many shrieks for me. It’s bass heavy and robotic at times but the slashing guitar solo saves it. I suppose at times they felt they had to o
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Who was Josiah Franklin?
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Answers is the place to go to get the answers you need and to ask the questions you want
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https://www.answers.com/general-arts-and-entertainment/Who_was_Josiah_Franklin
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Be notified when an answer is posted
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https://www.horsesoldier.com/products/veteran-memorabilia/gar/44825
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G.A.R. RIBBON & MEDAL FROM 1918 DANVILLE ENCAMPMENT WITH OLD TAGS — Horse Soldier
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Offered here are a reunion medal and ribbon from a G.A.R. reunion. These were presented to C.T. Lyon by Civil War veteran Josiah D. Hicks. The 52nd annual encampment of the Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic, was held in Danville, Pa. in June of 1918.
Old string tags attached to these items read, “It was this man who presented me with this ribbon and the G.A.R. medal at Danville, Pa. during the G.A.R. Encampment in 1918. I shall always appreciate his kindness. (J.D. Hicks) C.J. Lyon.” and “I was given this medal by a veteran at Danville in 1918. GAR Post 22. C.J. Lyon.”
The ribbon is blue cloth with white print and measures 4.5” long. The Danville “Representative” medal features a heavy disk suspended from a red ribbon. Both pieces are in very nice condition.
The veteran who presented C.J. Lyons with these items was Josiah Duane Hicks. He enlisted on 8/14/1862 as a Private in Company "K" 25th Pennsylvania Infantry and was Mustered Out on 5/18/1863 at Harrisburg, PA. He enlisted again on 7/1/1863 he mustered into Company "C" 46th Pennsylvania Infantry. He was Mustered Out on 8/19/1863.
Josiah Duane Hicks (August 1, 1844 – May 9, 1923) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. Hicks was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third, Fifty-fourth, and Fifty-fifth Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Patents during the Fifty-fifth Congress. He resumed the practice of law, and served as a member of the Altoona Board of Education from 1911 to 1919. He served as State commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1921. Hicks was born in 1844 in Machen, Wales. He lived in Altoona, PA and died on 5/9/1923 and is buried there in Fairview Cemetery. [jet] [ph:L]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THIS ITEM, AS WITH ALL OTHER ITEMS AVAILABLE ON OUR WEB SITE,
MAY BE PURCHASED THROUGH OUR LAYAWAY PROGRAM.
CLICK HERE FOR OUR POLICIES AND TERMS.
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1783 : Washington and Lee University
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PF 1: 92 American Newspapers 1765-1783
1765 - 1768 - 1773 - 1774 - 1775 - 1776 - 1777 - 1778 - 1779 - 1780 - 1781 - 1782 - 1783
1765
Oct. 17 Pennsylvania Gazette
Maryland Assembly orders Jonas Green to print resolutions: Rights of Marylanders forbid taxation under the Stamp Act / Ads: Runaway convict and Irish servant man / Governor Frances Bernard of Massachusetts speaks to the Assembly on the Stamp Act riots / London reports that the Stamp Act may be repealed by the new Parliament / List of attendees at the Stamp Act Congress include James Otis, Robert Livingston, Philip Livingston, John Dickinson, Caesar Rodney, and Thomas McKean / Joseph Borden, founder of Bordentown, New-Jersey, dies / North Carolinian resigns as a tax collector / Negroes rebel in the Caribbean /
top
1768
July 11 Boston Evening-Post
An article claims that Franklin's lightning rods experiments are valid / Maryland's Governor seeks loyalty from citizens / Robert Lloyd, Speaker of the House, answers that the taxation of the Townshend Acts is too severe / Many observe a strange horizontal rainbow under the sun that lasted 15 minutes / Ad for "Umbrilloes" [umbrellas].
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1773
June 16 Pennsylvania Gazette
John Wilkes letter to the House of Commons complaining he was deprived of his seat when he was duly elected / Burke supports admitting Wilkes to the House of Commons as does Colonel Barre / Riot in Cherbourg / When Louis XVI married Marie Antoinette, France promised to help Austria in war with Poland, Russia and Turkey / Rumors that the Hutchinson letters are before the Assembly / Boundary between New-York and Massachusetts's is set / Governor Hutchinson complains that his letters to England read yesterday in the Massachusetts House subverts the Constitution. The Governor claims no such letters were written by him and asks for copies. The Assembly asks for copies of letters that he did write / More British troops arrive in Boston / Rumor in London that war is inevitable
June 28 New-York Weekly Mercury
War in Russia and Prussia / French robbers in Paris use umbrellas to attack victims and call these weapons parasols / Plantation paper money is illegal / Earl Cornwallis returns to London from Gibraltar / Bill to reduce rate of interest in America is read in Parliament / Indian Congress in Savannah Georgia, ends an Indian war / Whitefield's house in Savanna burns / Joseph King returns from a trip to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, New Orleans and Pensacola; exploring rivers flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. King wants a settlement on the Mississippi River / His Majesty upholds American land grants / House burned by lightning.
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1774
Mar. 29 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Russians at Constantinople / French King is ill / William Goddard seeks to start an American postal system / "Britain trying to divide so that they may tyrannize!" / London hopes that the tea will be send back / Riot in St. Petersburg / Tea burned / Marriage should be encouraged / Ads: "Best Bohea Tea - such as fishes never drink" / Poem: Thoughts on the Connubial State.
Apr. 20 Essex Journal
The Liberty of the Press / Murder and suicide in Munich by an assassin hired by the son of the deceased / Wedding banns challenged / Miser dies / Father and daughter murder four children they had and hide the bodies / Goddard is attempting to found a National post office / Georgia helps fifty poor Irish to settle / Georgia debates retaining Benjamin Franklin as their agent in Britain at 150 pounds sterling per year / Before Governor Tryon left for England, he founded a professorship at King's College, which is only the second in British Domain, the other is at Oxford. Tryon was granted an honorary degree of Doctor in civil law / Tea ship blown off course, arrives in New-York only to be told of the Boston Tea Party. Captain says he'll be no trouble / Hunting accident / Canoe accident / Fire at the Tower of London / Poem: On the Abuse of Cards / Article: "Why we need Goddard's Postal System"
June 8 Essex Journal
Affair of tea is misunderstood / Wants a Congress to represent the continent / "Americans save your money and you save your country" / A new regiment is on the Boston Common, more are expected / Hutchinson has left for London / Three transports arrive / Harvard will have no commencement this year / Russia will have no peace with Turkey unless demands are met / The Boston Rebellion similar to the Scots in 1745 / Hutchinson will have a Parliamentary inquiry / General Gage is given full powers to govern Massachusetts / .Rumor that the tea duty will be repealed / Commons bill to suppress the tumult in New-England / North argues for the bill, he describes the ""Tea Party" as a new rebellion in Boston, March 1774 / Richard Draper, publisher of The Boston News-Letter dies [Boston's first newspaper begun in 1704 and continued publication by his wife Margaret until 1776 when the Drapers left Boston with other Loyalists] / Poor conditions in England, but the people support the colonies / Bill to suppress local justice passed to punish Bostonians.
July 12 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Article by "America" addressed to the King - "America is not to blame, is not the aggressor" / Bill passed to put soldiers in the Colonies / Massachusetts agent turned away by Commons / Rumor - "Is King of France dead?" / Key to prosperity is trade with America / Bostonians Adams, Rowe. Hancock and MacIntosh trying to avoid arrest and capture / North refuses to hold up bills to punish Bostonians / London wonders how Massachusetts will take North's bills / Connecticut meeting upholds "liberty" and "property" / Ads: Mississippi land grants, [Upside down ad] / Poem: A possible Congress.
July 26 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
The rest of the acts against Massachusetts by Parliament / New-York Resolutions support Boston, a Congress, non-importation of British goods and relief of the poor in Boston / Charleston sends rice to Boston / Fish sent to Boston by Marblehead / 48th day of the Boston siege / The situation in Boston / West Indian Colonies oppose Boston / Connecticut delegates chosen for Congress / Hartford to help Boston / Poem: Freedom / Virginia traders and Indians arrive in Winchester with pelts / Chief Logan returns to Shawnee town with 13 scalps / There may be a war with the Indians.
Aug. 2 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Present critical situation in America
Aug. 8 Boston Gazette
Bostonians urged to resist / Virginia Resolutions Article by Angelus Americanus "To the Citizens of New-York on the Present Critical Situation in America / Pennsylvania will send Thomas Willing, John Dickinson, James Wilson, Galloway, Mifflin and five more men to Congress / An article addressed to these delegates reminds them that this crisis is the beginning of Republicanism / Three British transports are in New-York / Letter from London: "The Administration wants to enslave Americans" / Governor Gage issues a Proclamation to encourage piety and virtue and prevent vice, profanity and immorality / Congress expects to vote on non-importation / New-Hampshire sending Colonel Nathaniel Falsom and John Sullivan to Congress / 46 Boston Freeholders address Governor Gage that they support his position / North Carolina supports Boston / Fatal canoe accident near New-Haven / Connecticut supports Boston / A complaint to The Courant for citing incorrectly three men not accepting Congressional appointments and complaint answered by Ebenezer Watson, publisher / Poem written 50 years ago by Dr. George Berkeley on the prospects of art and sciences in America.
Aug. 9 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Edward Burke's speech opposing the Boston Port Bill / The London Post: A letter against Lord North's policies / George III approves the Boston Port bills / Mourning for the late King of France plus details of such mourning / Many people are migrating from Yorkshire to the plantations / Lord North defends his policies / New-York delegates Philip Livingston, John Alsop, Isaac Low and John Jay agree to non-importation / South Carolina's delegates Henry Middleton. John Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Christopher Gadsden and Edward Rutledge are confirmed / The Sons of Liberty in Boston are acting up / Boston siege now 60 days old / Connecticut delegates are Roger Sherman, Eliphalet Dyer, Silas Deane / Article against the King by L. Junius Brutus / Poem: Hail Liberty.
Aug. 10 Essex Journal
A letter addressed to King George complaining about the reactionary laws that apply to the Colonies signed by "One crying in the wilderness" / King approves Boston Port Bills / Mourning for the King of France / Parliamentary debates on North's speech / Pennsylvania Resolves supports Boston / Marblehead sends fish to Boston / False report that the embargo is broken / General Leigh loves liberty / King assents to the Quartering bill / More troops to America / British troops from New-York arrive in Boston / Newburyport sends 200 pounds of legal money to Boston / King's appointments to the Massachusetts Council / In a letter, the Marquis of Rockingham hopes for status quo / Virginia Resolves / A letter to Governor Hutchinson charging crimes and signed by Marcus Brutus / Ads: The Ass and The Serpent book is published contrasting slavery and freedom.
Aug. 30 Connecticut Courant (Hartford) [Essex Journal?]
An article supporting freedom / Letter from Elbridge Gerry on the Boston Port Bills / New-York angry on receipt of news about the Boston Port Bills Earl of Chatham supports liberty / Parliament's bills on Quebec and finances / The King addresses Parliament on Quebec problems and New-England resistance / British people of substance support the King / The Quebec Act is the first in 200 years that establishes Popery / Four more Irish regiments get ready for Boston / The Quebec Bill is actually against headstrong Colonists / A petition against the Quebec Act / Actually, His Majesty has declared war on America / Will the Pope or the people decide the new Parliament? / The King is hissed by the people with "No Popery" / Wilkes cheered / King angered at the crowds, lets a f---t to show how much he despised them / Louis XVI is cheered and expects to attend Councils / London officials petition the King on the Quebec Bill / Abstract of the Quebec Bill / Congressional delegates in New-York going to Philadelphia / General Gage forbids meetings / Gage tries to stop support for Boston, which is visited by Charles Le / Ads: Runaway slave pretends to be free.
Sept. 19 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Bishop Shipley's speech on reconciliation with America / Connecticut's resolutions to punish offenders of the non-importation agreements / Episcopal clergy forced to sign an agreement with the Sons of Liberty / Quotation on liberty from The Spectator [see 4th vol. page 146] / John Hampden's advice to free men / Rhode Islander sends 100 dollars to Boston / General Gage fortifying Boston / When the first drop of American blood is wantonly spilled, it will be the absolute duty of every American to revenge the loss" / Bostonians complain to Governor Gage about fortifying Boston / Gage "Just trying to preserve the peace" / British deserter is shot on Boston Commons / Latest Councilman resigns / 30 chests of tea lately arrived in Salem, sent to Halifax / 43 Worchester men recant their letter of support to Governor Gage / Cannon in North Battery removed by British sailors / West Indian isle of Hispanola hopes for America - Britain rupture / Congress meets in Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia / Peyton Randolph is chosen President, Charles Thomson will be the Secretary / North Carolina delegates arrive / Proceedings of Congress is secret.
Sept. 26 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Paul Revere brings Minutes of Congress: admit Resolutions of Suffolk County [Boston] as printed in The Pennsylvania Packet that acknowledge George III, but it is a duty to preserve liberty. Recent British Acts end our Rights and we will not obey Acts that enslave America; also. against all the Boston Port Bills / Congress approves the Suffolk Resolutions / British abandon the Falkland Islands / British national debt is now 140 million pounds / Hutchinson supports Parliament / In London, John Mein, former printer of The Boston Chronicle, prints lies about America / British troops, in disguise, are spying on Americans / Poem on the Quebec Bill.
Sept. 28 Essex Journal
Satire: British promoted to Catholic positions / Native of Otaheite [Hawaii] meets George III / Americans owe London merchants four millions / Hutchinson's picture of America / John Hancock presents a 2700-pound bell to Cooper's Meeting House / Russia defeats Turks, Turks lose 60,000. War may end / Paul Revere delivers the Suffolk Resolves / Congress entertained at the City tavern / An article on tea and flax / "The Insolence of General Gage" / Three anecdotes
Oct. 17 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
From a London newspaper: England expects Boston to be subdued / Sons of Liberty explain their actions against Reverend Smalley / A Loyalist letter is intercepted and damned / Massachusetts Assembly Resolves: Gage is acting against the Massachusetts Charter, military force superseding government, so, the Assembly resolves into a Provincial Congress and will meet in Concord on October 11 / New-York citizens support non-importation policy / Winchester, Virginia falls in line / Colonies trade is imperative to the West Indies and Great Britain / Affairs in America embarrasses His Majesty / More troops for America / In London, John Mein thinks rebels will hang on Temple bar / King is offended by a parody / Poem: A dialogue between a British Commander in America and the Devil.
Oct. 24 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Peace between Russia and The Porte [Turkey] / Russia, Prussia and Austria divide Poland / Exports to North America are shrinking / Message sent to Canada to arm militia and support Gage / Large body of Jesuits to settle in Quebec, men who were persecuted in other countries as enemies of Christianity / 600 families leaving England because the can't get bread / Living is cheaper in America / An American Governor, recently appointed, may resign over irreconcilable differences / Sporting Calendar is giving 10-1 odds that the West Indies will ask for repeal of the Boston Port Bills / Article "To the King" by Scipio, on George III's "unfaithful execution" of his duty to his people / Massachusetts Assembly sends a message to Gage that they have resolved not to pay taxes / Gage answer that "You are illegal" / Grand American Congress in Philadelphia resolves: All America should support Boston and all who do not are wicked / Bostonians remain peaceful / Britain is punishing Boston, not the other colonies / poem: A Faithful Servant / Another letter concerning Loyalists / Letter to Canadians: Help us defend American liberties.
Oct. 24 Newport Mercury
Letter in The London Evening-Post complaining of poor Acts of Parliament / Satirical advertisements / Governor Hutchinson will get a life pension / [much the same news as in October 24 Connecticut Courant] / Catholics congratulate General Guy Carleton, Commander of Quebec / Tory driven from Philadelphia / Portsmouth, New-Hampshire and Scituate, Rhode Island aids Boston / Six Tories try to murder rebels but are captured and punished / The American Magazine for August is available / Monmouth County, N. J. aids Boston.
Oct. 31 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Article by Observator claims that the true Sons of Liberty should be moderate to those who disagree with them / Article against the Quebec Bill / Provincial Congress: gives ten days for Loyalists to recant, those who do so, leave them alone; don't use East India tea and Thanksgiving Day will be December 15 / Ad: Man asks for his wife to return even though their marriage was unhappy / Russian makes peace with Turkey / Subscriptions sought in London for the relief of Boston / British army deserters in Boston / Parliament may confiscate Rebel property / Amherst may take 1000 Hanoverians to America / British expects a secret service in America / Thanksgiving in Connecticut will be December 24 / Letter: We should treat troops with respect / A Liberty song by Philo Sappho / Wild child in Italy, lost for years, is found and is now trying to return to a human state.
Nov. 7 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
The Association passed by Congress, is agreed to by Connecticut and Peyton Randolph, President of Congress, recommends the Association to all towns / Congressional action includes non-importation of British goods and delegates should be chosen for the next Congress / Provincial Congress sends Gage a message complaining of Hutchinson's warlike actions / Connecticut appoints Dyer, Sherman, Deane, Hymes, and Sturgis to the next Continental Congress, May 10 in Philadelphia / Article on the Liberties of America / It appears that the Episcopal clergy will support the King / Rumor that America will ask the young French King for aid.
Nov. 14 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Sir William Johnson dies
Nov. 28 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
The Importation question / Parliament is suddenly dissolved / On August 29, the Massachusetts militia and British troops almost clash / Rumors of Gage's death, mass desertions and a revolt of the troops / John Wilkes elected Mayor of London / Pro-American candidates John Wilkes and John Glynn elected to Parliament from London / Gibraltar letter supports Boston / New-Jersey sends 534 dollars to Boston / Charleston, South Carolina dumps tea into the sea / "If 100,000 Russians came to America, in a month they would fight for liberties found here, so why shouldn't we?" / Canadians complain of the Quebec Act / Lord Dunmore of Virginia make peace with the Indians / James Rivington in his New-York Rivington's Gazeteer prints a false, arrogant, impudent pamphlet against the Congress. The pamphlet was burned before Rivington's door / Ads: Prisoners escape / Please pay for your subscription to the paper.
Dec. 26 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
From The London Evening Post: Tyrants abound in Europe but America resists tyranny / Prophecy of Lord Kames in his "History of Man", predicts America will be independent with a representative government, aided by no parent neighbor / Pennsylvania approves the action of Congress / Lord Dunmore returns to Williamsburg with an Indian peace pact that the Indians will stay beyond the Ohio / Letter supporting Wilkes / London parade for Wilkes and Glynn / Nitre and saltpeter has been shipped to America / Rumor that the Jesuits may have poisoned the Pope / In The South Carolina Gazette: Vox Populi writes "America is invincible" / Gage's son is dead / "The United Colonies" / Imported funeral gloves are refused / In Portsmouth, men take a fort with no loss of life / A shop open on Thanksgiving is closed.
Dec. 27 Essex Gazette
Prediction: There will be a United States / Rivington reports disagreements in Congress
Dec. 28 Essex Journal
Letter berates Lord North / In Portsmouth, N.H., all cannon are removed by the British troops / New-York and South Carolina send rice to Boston / George III makes William Pepperell a Baronet / Suffolk Resolves cause uneasiness in the Ministry / London letter supports Americans / Russian revolution is squashed / The Pope is poisoned / Boston soldier freezes / Deserter shot / Baby is baptized "John Hancock" / Gunpowder is available in the country / Satirical conversation / Rumors of Boston butchery.
top
1775
Jan. 9 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
An articles from the Westminister magazine on the folly of ceremonies and customs / The Association Articles cover liberty, mutual support, etc., Tory's Association is against the Rebels / Satire of Lord North's soliloquy / Russian revolt ends with the capture of Pigarcheff / Royal Danish wedding, John Wilkes is confirmed as Lord Mayor of London / All British furloughs are canceled / Gage is ordered to be on the defensive / General Amherst is due in the spring with 10,000 troops / More troops [including Major Pitcairn, who will command the British at Lexington] are in Boston / Georgia will join the Congress / Canada is lukewarm towards British / Last December 22, the first landing at Plymouth was celebrated / Connecticut proclaims a fasting and prayer day on February 1 by Governor Trumbull / Peyton Randolph's answer to Gage's letter / Lord North's borough of Banbury has only eleven voters / Young man sinks in the ice and is drowned / Ads: For sale, a negro wench, a likely man and woman with child to be sold.
Jan. 16 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Episcopalians urge participation in the February 1 fast day / Article on the conduct of life / British seaman anecdote / Ads: Slave sales / Satirical Gage -- Wolfe conversation / Ebenezer Watson, the Connecticut Courant printer, wants to know who wrote the Loyalist letter in the Boston newspaper? / A Connecticut wife, 54 years old, has her 11th child / A 92 pound pumpkin is harvested / One wretched Tory is now a Whig / Ads: Slave for sale.
Jan. 23 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
American Independence is the interest and the glory of Great Britain / Rumor that an Admiralty Lord cut his throat because John Wilkes was elected Mayor of London / England is building ten new ships / Now, Britain has 6500 men in Boston / England asks France not to export into America / New Parliament will be as arbitrary as the old / Georgia appoints delegates to Congress / The story of John Collins who was captured by the Algerians, tortured severely, recovered, saved by the Maltese and returned to Philadelphia / Fatal tree accident / Rivington's newspaper is printing malicious paragraphs / Article on the Association / England fears that the Colonies will separate from Great Britain / Some Englishmen think that the Boston Port Bills will be repealed / In his newspaper, Rivington says that Connecticut wants independence. Answer from Connecticut: "No, indeed - No one dreams of Independence".
Feb. 6 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
"A Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans" by Rivington Resolutions to ignore such newspapers as Rivington's / First of articles answering a Rivington pamphlet - this article entitled: "A Friendly Address to all Reasonable Americans." The design of Rivington's pamphlet is to dissolve the spirit of union / Make a resolution not to read Rivington, Gaines, Draper newspapers / The King's speech to Parliament on December 1: "The Crown will carry out the laws and we will subdue the Colonies."
Mar. 6 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Jamaica is weak with few whites and 200,000 slaves, but will not resist Britain; begs England to allow Jamaicans the benefits of the English Constitution / Rivington's newspaper says that New-York does not support the Congress / List of Britain's trade with America is of prime importance / Hugh Gaines's New-York Mercury says that the report that New-York does not support the Congress, is false / Georgia's Governor tries to stop Assembly from supporting Congress / South Carolina Governor claims no new instructions / Honduras send proceeds of 10,000 feet of mahogany to Boston / Philadelphia rebels discover source of lies published by Rivington and other such publishers / New Ranelagh hospital burns / Negro plot discovered Massachusetts / New-York will select delegates to Congress / Militia and townspeople turn back British troops from taking munitions in Marblehead and Salem / John Hancock: "Don't let peddlers sell tea and watch our for Gage's spies which helped Britain at Salem" / An article by "Minute Man": "We will act only on the defensive" / Ladies of Fair-Haven will drink tea no more / In a petition to the King, Barbados supports America / "Patria" writes from New-York that Tories support the King because he gave them their jobs / Meteors [flying saucers?] sighted.
Feb. 28 Essex Gazette
"Novangolus" (John Adams) answers Tory (Daniel Leonard)
Mar. 7 Essex Gazette
Article by "Novanglus" [John Adams] answers the Tory "Massachusettensis [Daniel Leonard's] article / Massachusetts Congress: John Hancock proclaims March 16 as a day of fasting and prayer / Letter; "America's cause is the cause of mankind's" / At a Fairfax county meeting, Colonel Washington in the chair, calls for drafting men 16-50 / Premiums offered wool cardmakers and manufacturers of gunpowder / May get molasses from pumpkin to make rum / Tea ship held in New-York / New-York won't send delegates to Congress / Newport Tory recants after being threatened with tar and feathers / Tories are frightened away from cutting down a Liberty pole / Six ships lost in a storm near Madeira / Long account of Whig and Tory happiness in Salem.
Mar. 20 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
British General Charles Lee writes to Earl Percy supporting America / From The London Magazine: "General remarks on the character of Charles I" / Debate over Gage's actions / Cabinet plans to repeal Boston Acts / Congress petition presented to the King and Parliament / Britain loses 1000 pounds a day over America / Merchants beseech the King for aid / Disputes may be resolved, Congress petition well received / New-York appoints delegates to Congress / The New-York hospital that burned will be rebuilt / Wife falls into a fire and burns to death / Ship Captain explains why he carried sheep against the Association and why he is not a Tory / Ads: Wanted two journeymen for a gunsmith, 24 stands of arms, cotton and linen to make paper, land on west branch of Susquehanna river available for settlers.
Mar. 27 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Will America be independent or subordinate? / London letter: "Best men of England honors America's stand" / From The Gentleman's Magazine for 1745: "The virtues of New-England - where justice and industry seem to have taken residence" / The Tories Creed / Williamsburg: Man makes pins and a child found in a box by a foster father / British attack an American shallop, beat up the captain and release him sorely injured. Is this the power of authority? / Franklin and friends attempt to see if George III received the Congress petition and whether it was sent on to the Parliament / Moors fighting Spain / "Britain may be meeting America half way" / "Congress must be admired" / Rioters take possession of Westchester County Court House. They defy the Sheriff whom, "after reading the riot Act", eventually fires at the mob, killing one man and wounding several. The next day, the reinforced mob put the Sheriff and his posse in goal / Bostonians complain to Gage about the abuses of soldiers, particularly the tarring and feathering of Thomas Ditson / General Gage has 400 copies of Rivington's Gazetteer distributed every week / " Is the British army here just to tar and feather poor, harmless countryman?" / Gage is ordered to stop the American Congress / Poem- Address to Freemen.
Apr. 3 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Advertisement for News carrier / Although present prospects are discouraging, Irish want to move to America to avoid oppression and corruption at home / Merchants lament / British manufacturing is poor / British officer in Boston writes that Americans are inept / Williamsburg: Freeholders of Botetourt county support Congress / England is trying to divide Americans / In Boston, British abusing people and property and tried to break up a fasting day / John Hancock says defense will continue / Gage will try to stop Congress / Rumor that American affairs will be settled / Rumor: Glorious News for Americans - Boston Port Acts repealed / Parliament meets April 1 / A riot in Georgia / New-Haven thanks Jamaican patriots / Tea drinkers should confess and be condemned / South Carolina supports the Association and will not trade with Georgia, who has not yet supported Congress / Assault charge is dropped.
Apr. 10 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
In London, Mr. Croger gave a speech supporting America to a great assembly on American affairs / A new bill is introduced in Parliament agreeing to restoring trade in most of the Colonies / British naval force is superior / Lord Mayor's speech on North's motion to accept an address to His Majesty against the Americans, is pro-American: "This is a successful resistance, a revolution not a rebellion. You will not be able to conquer and the vast continent of America will be lost. They will declare themselves independent rather than submit to a yoke." / Lord Bute wants to pass a Bill of Attainder against the Americans so they might be slaughtered under the sanction of law / Lord Chatham moves to repeal all American Acts.
Apr. 17 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Six more regiments to Boston / Chatham offers bill to repeal the declamatory act of 1767 that would give Parliament supremacy to make the American Congress legal. Bill rejected by 36 votes / Parliament's address to the King: there is a rebellion in America / King's answer: Thanks for maintaining the just rights of the Crown / Bill, passed proposed by North, that the Colonies can trade only with Great Britain, Ireland and the West Indies / North states that New-England is in a state of rebellion, they must stop all trade with foreign nations / Colonies reply: America is not in a state of rebellion since they still acknowledge the King and the people are not in arms opposing the King's troops / Colonel Barre and Mr. Burke support America and dread civil war / France and Spain await developments of America separating from England / The Light Horse regiment ‘Death or Glory" go to America / Stocks fall in London as Tory majority votes Massachusetts in a state of rebellion, but Tory agents buy and thus right the stocks / Two Prussians regiments to America / Generals Burgoyne, Clinton and Howe to America / A draft of men in England -"O Poor America" / Proclamation that the following rebels should be executed: Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert T. Payne, John Dickinson, John Hancock, Peyton Randolph and Henry Middleton / Beware of Divide and Govern / Brutus says: "It's serious, but stand for liberty. Grin and bear it" / Poem: Dialogue between the Devil and a Tory.
May 1 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
New-York reacts to skirmishes in Massachusetts / Chatham's speech on his motion to remove troops from Boston, after so much has happened to subdue the Colonies' rights. "Hurry. The decisive blow may have been struck!" / Fort William, New-Hampshire, seized and gunpowder taken by the citizens of that State / A Quaker: "Americans would die to the man if the Boston Acts are not repealed" / Court of Common Council resolutions: "Our duty to prevent further American oppression and this bill to prohibit New-England fishing is harmful to all / "The Crisis No. 3" is a libel against the British government and treasonable / The printer of "The Crisis" T. W. Shaw will be prosecuted / Sheriff attempts to burn Shaw's newspaper and is pelted with dead dogs and cats / The non-importation policy is beginning to work / London has subscribed 30,000 pounds for the Boston poor / North Carolina elected delegates to Congress / New-York a British brigade leaving Boston for Concord. "We should take up arms" / From City Hall: 1500 men are mustered and flour due for Boston is taken from ships and secreted / Families are moving out of New-London as British ships are aggressive / British casualties in the late engagement: 49 Marines, 64 soldiers, 109 wounded and taken prisoner / Poem: "Ode on Liberty".
May 8 Pennsylvania Packet
Virginia Governor removes munitions in Williamsburg / Ads: Beer and Cyder [cider], watch and clock maker / New invention: several cannon are bored at one time in Prussia / Empress Catherine builds up the Russian Navy / Sweden is ripe for war with Russia / British Secret Service for 1773 and 1774 cost 1,600,000 sterling / There is a new Pope / Sir Hugh Palliser, Commander of Newfoundland, is questioned on fishing bill / London has sent Commons a petition on America / Bostonians leaving town / 1500 men raised in Rhode Island for defense / An army surrounds Boston / Gage has disarmed people living in Boston / John Penn has given his Assembly a petition on taxes / Pennsylvania Assembly rejects the Governor's request / Williamsburg: Governor is fortified in the Governor's palace / New- Hampshire delegates, John Sullivan and John Langdon are in Philadelphia / Benjamin Franklin arrives in Philadelphia from London / American counterfeit money is discovered in Germany / Pennsylvania Library Company and Hospital elect officers / Poem welcomes Franklin [anti-Wedderburn] / Williamsburg: Story of people's complaint to Dunmore about the arms and ammunition taken from their magazine. Governor says that he is keeping it safe as there is an insurrection in the neighboring county / New- York, alarmed by the shocking scenes in Massachusetts, will abide by the decisions of the Continental Congress.
May 18 Essex Gazette
Affidavits prove British fired first at Lexington
May 25 The New-England Chronicle
Affidavits of witnesses at the battles of Lexington and Concord state that the British fired first. Description of the Lexington skirmish / The Watertown Provincial Congress account of the Lexington and Concord battles sent to the inhabitants of Great Britain / The late Josiah Quincy's letter on the Quebec Bill / Ads: Lost firearm on a battlefield / The cargo of a British ship in Charleston, South Carolina thrown into a creek / New-York should keep the expected British troops in their barracks / New-York delegates to Congress are J. Duane, Francis Lewis, John Jay, Lewis Morris, Philip Livingston and John Alsop / Delegates from five colonies are in Philadelphia / Country wants "Liberty or Death" / Quakers join the military! / Governor Dunmore and family retire to a British ship / Boston fire details / Skirmish at Grape Island / Arms taken from British in South Carolina / Post set up between Connecticut and Massachusetts / New-Hampshire to raise 2000 men for the American forces / The Green Mountain Boys, under Colonel Ethan Allen, are on an expedition against Ticonderoga / An excerpt from a Hutchinson letter: "The Crisis" says that Britain's action toward America is libelous and the pamphlet is burned."
May 27 Pennsylvania Lodger
Cadwallader Colden, Lt. Governor of New-York, "In this bloody crisis, the people of New-York support the other Colonies; have sent delegates to the Continental Congress; and, now ask that the British troops headed to New-York do not disembark here as the streets may be filled with blood." / Governor Jonathan Trumbull letter to General Gage: "Alarmed by the military action in Massachusetts provoked by British troops, Connecticut people ask why can't peace be restored, why are troops in Boston, why is the port of Boston still shut up, and why is there such military action?" / Gage's answer: "I am on the defensive. The government has tried to make peace. Our troops were attacked and they did not do the acts of which they are accused. Boston is shut up because armed men surround the town. We are trying to protect your people and property, that's why we are here." / Ads: Elizabeth Wilson's school for young ladies for genteel behavior / selling an English boy for three years.
June 12 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
[Addressed to Samuel Terry] "The Crisis" (No. VII) written by Junius, critercises the British government / Canadians will not fight Colonists / The Cambridge exchange of prisoners at Charleston is conducted with decency and good humor / The King's birthday is celebrated in Boston by the "Sons of Tyranny" / The Grand American Army is formed / London receives an optimistic letter from Gage / Nantucket will get only subsistence imports / Congress: No supplies for British troops / Holland will not sell arms to America / Gage is alarmed by American fortifications / Vindication of clergy preaching liberty / Letter: "We should pay our share for the late war." / Printer Benjamin Edes moves his press to Watertown and publishes two Hutchinson letters / Letter on the "Massacre of 1770" / Talks on the restraint of trade / Posts set up on the southern roads to New-York / London Lord Mayor petitions the King to relieve the Colonies / The King is astonished that his subjects are capable of encouraging rebellion / Constitutional Society sends money to Boston / The story of the Yankoos Indians now the Yankees / Ad for a deserter.
June 19 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Advertisement for a Connecticut deserter / Hutchinson lies at the time of the Boston massacre in February 1770 / Military stores taken from Turtle Bay, New-York / Man taken who was recruiting Loyalists in New-York / Gage's Proclamation: "The country is in rebellion, yet Gage will pardon those who lay down their arms. Those who help the Rebels are Rebels and will be so treated" / Congress orders 70,000 men under arms / Gage is reinforced / Troops burn supplies on Noodle Island / British commander taken in Philadelphia / In the news; Lexington and Concord, Ticonderoga and Arnold / Some Iroquois Indians want to help the Americans / Tories eat humble pie at Litchfield, Connecticut / 60 year old British soldier dies at Crown Point / The answer as to why we should not pay for the late war: Britain got territory, fur trade and Canadian commerce; France and Spain should pay and the answer has been in the "prints" in an article signed by " An American" / A Boston British soldier's letter has been intercepted which says that the situation in Boston is bad and that the soldiers are fearful / Poem: The Sailor's Address" - "fight foes not friends" / In Benjamin Ede's Gazette "A tirade against Gage, citing crimes and signed by Massachusettenis! [Tory?].
July 10 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Pastor's Association turn to God in this crisis / American arms coming from France, Holland and Spain / George Washington and Robert Rogers once proclaimed bravest in the King's service / The Kings of Europe amuse themselves by making war / Denmark's Queen is dead at 23 / House of Commons refuses to read a paper from the New-York Assembly and treat the same for a petition from the Quebec Protestants / George Washington arrives in Cambridge to take command of the American Army / Massachusetts Assembly greets General Charles Lee / Boston bombardment / Colonel Thomas Gardner dies of wounds from Bunker Hill battle / British losses: 1047 killed, 445 wounded, total British casualties 1492 / New-York Assembly fails to greet Governor Tryon / In Canada, General Carleton has trouble enlisting Canadians / In the future, Americans will be in the Army of the United Colonies / Same letter about Gage's crimes but this time signed "Connecticutersis" / Ads: Four men break out of jail, please apprehend.
July 19 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Pastors turn to God in crisis / Bunker Hill casualties
Aug. 7 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
General John Burgoyne answers General Charles Lee's letter and asks to meet him in Boston; but Lee refuses because each has his mind made up. [Both knew each other while serving in the British army] / British officer appears tarred and feathered at a masquerade / Engagement of British and Provincials at Salem / Gibraltar is on the defensive / Cuba asks English to leave / "King's troops fired first" / On June 1, The American report of Lexington and Concord arrives in England; but, the official British report had not arrived / Rumor that Gage is leaving / " H.M.S. Nautilus arrives in Newcastle to protect our trade; but, actually, to pick our pockets" / Spanish armada sails / American account of Lexington and Concord cause panic in London / Congress appoints Franklin the new Postmaster of the Continental Post Office [Franklin had been the Postmaster under British rule at 1500 pounds per annum until the Hutchinson Letters controversy. William Goddard had been setting up posts throughout the Colonies, but his work, although used, he was ignored] / Skirmish near Charleston Neck / Riflemen and Indians harassing British / Roxbury skirmish / Seniors are organizing a militia in Connecticut, the drummer is 80 years old / Riflemen from Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland join the army at Cambridge / Satirical poem about Gage / Ads: Abigail is leaving her husband and explains why.
Aug. 28 Dunlap's Pennsylvania Packet
Ads: Runaways and jail breakers / Wire manufacturer / London St. James Chronicle: "In the last war, all rejoiced at victory; now, with America, few, besides the ministers, support the war" signed Pacificus / "The King should admit his error in taxing America" / This newspaper examines the lives of Kings from John I to George I / "Liberty has fled England and gone to America" / York, Pennsylvania form 500 men into minute men and organizes 3400 men into three battalions / Indians seem to favor the Colonies / Skirmish in New-York, Roger Morris's house and Black Sam's [Fraunces] tavern are hit by cannon fire / Tory recants / Ads: Picture of a ship that is going to sail to Cork and Liverpool, military instruction book is dedicated to Washington, the French and Spanish teacher has moved.
Aug. 28 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Congress reacts to a Parliamentary Act on taxation and property; yet; the Olive Branch Petition is sent to George III / John Wilkes asks King not to send troops to America / North is stoned by the populace / St. Francis Indians favor the Colonies / Gage has lost 3500 men through desertion and engagements since April 18 / Boston Negroes made to clean streets / Citizens of New-York carry off battery cannons under fire / Rumor that the Ministry will destroy, not enslave, America / Rhode Island patriots try to take a British man-o-war that had run aground / Sir William Johnson's men fail to capture a patriot and are jailed instead / Iroquois Indians meet to inquire the cause of the conflict between England and the Colonies / John Gill, one of the publishers of the Boston Gazette, is jailed / despondent woman finds a corpse hanging in her barn / Washington announces officer promotions / Another Tory recants / Williamsburg: "Lord Dunmore receives more troops; now, he is Virginia's mortal enemy" / Comments on the Lee-Burgoyne correspondence / Gage Proclamation: British did not fire first at Lexington, troops ordered rebels to surrender their arms / Ads: Chairmaker, a wife replies, soundly, to the charges made against her by her husband.
Aug. 31 Essex Gazette
London: 250 men lost at Lexington and Concord and it is called a skirmish! / Gage wants reinforcements / Putnam anecdote about a ship on Lake Champlain in the last war / "Shedding of blood has commenced in America" / The official British report of Lexington and Concord arrives in Boston / Governor Hutchinson will receive a pension of 2000 pounds / Drunk printer will come to America / The story of the cuckolded tanner / Old man writes of the Lee- Burgoyne letters / List of letters in the Post office includes one for Fisher Ames / Ads; Deserters, Harvard delinquent students / Cape Fear action / "Destroy not Enslave" / Charleston skirmish / Liberty tree / Fatal Duel in Boston / Constitutional Society of London pledges 1000 pounds sterling for the widows of Americans killed on April 17.
Sept. 4 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
A comment on the Burgoyne-Lee letters by "Scipio" / An intercepted Tory letter / Complaints to the King signed by The Whigs / Long tribute to Howe deceased / Charleston Skirmish / Liberty tree / Fatal duel / Washington reports that British ships are heading for Long Island / Action in New-York and Block Island / Officer's wives arrive in Boston from England only to find that all were widows / John Hancock marries Dorothy Quincy at the home of Thaddeus Burr / Ads: Husband describes marriage, makes his wife irate.
Sept. 18 Boston Gazette
[This newspaper was printed by Benjamin Edes in Watertown and was directed to Robert Treat Paine. Newspapers were home delivered in towns. But, for subscribers living out of town, papers were left at neighboring taverns and each paper had the name of the subscriber written on it] London petition against the King for " this fatal civil war" / Gage wants cavalry / Parliament to meet and discuss events in America / British navy trying to blockade Colonies that are helping Boston / General Carleton to invade New-England from Canada / Highlanders will be sent to America / Disposition of the army: Gibraltar-seven regiments, Minorca-six, West Indies- one, Jamaica- three, Antiqua- one, Grenada-one, America-twenty, Ireland-two, England-nine, in Ireland and England twenty more regiments / Possible war with Spain and France / Winchester, Virginia - Indian trouble averted by a conference / North Carolina is raising three regiments / The news: all is well from Ticonderoga / A 1773 Hutchinson letter and a Peter Oliver 1774 letter to Hutchinson / Asa Dunbar recants / Tory Negro is hanged and burnt at Charleston, South Carolina for trying to incite Negroes to sedition and to burn Charleston / It is rumored that Lord North offered Canada to the French and the West Indies to Spain if they would stop helping the Americans / Six British soldiers desert to Americans when their army was trying to catch one deserter / Most of the prisoners in the Boston jail are dead [List of prisoners- One is Peter Edes (son of Benjamin Edes?)] / Ads: Hospital, blood purging.
Sept. 21 Essex Gazette
Washington sends an address to Canada
Sept. 25 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Abigail Rowley's tragic marriage / Anti-tyrants article concerning Spain and the Netherlands / Old maid dies and leaves money for an Old Maid's Home [for those over fifty, donor had been left at the altar] / Man eats 102 eggs, bread and a gallon of cyder[sic] in 45 minutes / Shipwrights strike settled / Spain repulsed in Africa by the Moors / More unemployment in West England / King rejects London Lord Mayor's petition / All America is arming / Gibraltar besieged / Norfolk rejects cargo from British ship / Lord North is sending huge sums of money to bribe the Indians to fall on the American. Father Rabout, who was captured at St. Francis by Major Rogers, is said to be behind this scheme / Major Robert Rogers is in Norfolk / Action on Lake Champlain / A British suicide / Colonel Arnold leads troops into Canada / Thirteen six-foot tall Connecticut brothers join the army / Tory news in Boston News-Letter newspaper published by Margaret Draper.
Oct. 2 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Governor Wentworth visits Piscataqua River / New-Hampshire Tories are disarmed / Tories lie in the Boston News-Letter, Margaret Draper's newspaper / British fire at women and children but none are hurt / Russians, Hanoverians, Scots and Dutch are expected to fight in America / Gage raises a regiment of "Loyal" Americans / British drafting men to fight America - "God Save America" / British blockading Virginia / Action on Lake Champlain / General Carleton puts Captain Baker's head on a pole in St.John's / General Montgomery is at St. John's / Indians dig up dead for scalps / Women molasses and flour a Tory / Major Rogers is in New-York.
Oct. 9 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
From The Hiberian Journal: " A horrid picture of blood, damn the Ministers" / Four more men-of-war ships for America / Great Britain signs a treaty with a German Prince for 10,000 of his troops to go to New-York and Boston / General Gage to be succeeded by General Amherst, Gage will be Governor of America. A Parliament is to be formed for America like the one in Ireland / More British officers were killed at Bunker Hill than at the battle. of Minder / Now, it is said that Howe succeeds Gage / New-Hampshire men misdirect, capture a British Ship / Tories captured by men as Tories / Montgomery attacking St. John's / "View of the measures now pursuing by the Principal Estates of Europe" by Senex / "Our Wretched Ministry".
Oct. 23 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Another petition to the king / Spain bombards Algiers / Hanoverian troops to be paid by Britain for two years / General Hallimand reports to the King on American affairs / Major Pitcairn's widow, with eleven children, will receive a pension of 200 pounds per annum / Aborigines hang criminals on hooks to die and be scorched by the sun / Rebels captured in America will be sent to Boston; put on East India transports and work for that Company / Quakers have excommunicated several of their people who refute Congress / Report that British soldiers are better than Americans / Philadelphia to punish Tories trying to send lies to London / Please give us details of Bunker Hill battle! / Georgia delegates in Congress / St. John's may surrender / Dignitaries, including Franklin, confer with Washington on enlistment expirations / Action around St. John's / Ethan Allen taken prisoner / Connecticut Thanksgiving is November 16 / The Connecticut river floods / St. John's will surrender soon / Ads: Connecticut Tories named, Evening school on mariner's art, New Hartford school for youths teaching writing, arithmetic and English reading.
Oct. 30 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
New-York correspondence between Mayor Whitehead Hicks and Governor William Tryon / Michael Cresap dies of fever in Boston / Letter from Ireland: Since the Stamp Act, most people can't afford newspapers and are uninformed / Charles Stewart may try for Scottish crown / Shipwreck get British soldiers captured / Letter from a lady of distinction in Philadelphia praises Washington and his soldiers / British ship bombards Falmouth which infuriates the people of Falmouth and neighboring towns, they start fortifying Portsmouth, Newburyport, Salem and Marblehead / Printers John Gill, Peter Edes and Mrs. Stark are given bail after spending months in a Boston jail / Government Seals are stolen in Boston / Williamsburg: Lord Dunsmore's ships send soldiers into Norfolk where they destroy Mr. Holt's printing office / Dunsmore detests Virginia newspapers and he is starting a newspaper a on his ship / William Goddard is surveyor for the General Post Office / Connecticut delegates are Roger Sherman, Oliver Wolcott and Samuel Huntington / Peyton Randolph dies of a stroke at 53 / Desire Green, New-Haven printer's wife, Desire. Dies / Ads: Mary Gabiel, milliner from France.
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1776
Apr. 3 Pennsylvania Gazette
The "Forester" answers Cato's letter on the press and ambassadors of peace / Cato's 4th letter criticizes "Common Sense" as dangerous / Williamsburg reports action in North Carolina and Virginia with details of battles and raids / The British are recruiting Negroes / Boston celebrates British evacuation / British left many supplies / The Tories are thunderstruck by the British action / British ships still present off Boston harbor / British and Tories take Savannah / American army moves towards New-York from Boston / Tory Sharpless named as an enemy / Joseph Ferrer is a price gouger / "Common Sense" / Ads: Scotch girl and a Negro runaways.
Apr. 22 Boston Gazette
A Proposal for a Confederation of the United Colonies / Action near Newport / Joseph Warren wants his medicine which was left in Boston / "Don't trade with Nova Scotia" / Congress resolution: No Slaves to be imported into the Colonies, signed by John Hancock / British ‘clemency" - shot and wounded a sailor and then scuttled his boat / Quebec letter: Report action and army is in good shape / Skirmishes around New-York and Staten Island / List of prisoners / Continental Army fortifies Governor's Island / Tories taken / General Putnam stops all communications with the British fleet / British prize vessel recaptured at Martha's Vineyard, not aware that the British had vacated Massachusetts / A baby is baptized George Washington / Sea fight off the New-Jersey coast / General Charles Lee [no relation to the Lees of Virginia] is in Virginia / Newport is clear of pirates / death notices.
May 27 Boston Gazette
Current American situation / Boston Gazette has published in Watertown for over a year; but, please pay your newspaper bill / Article on the importance of consideration and care in voting / A new British regiment and German Jagers coming to America / British recruit tries to avoid coming to America by cutting off his fingers / Colonel Barre assaults Attorney General Wedderburn on the Bunker Hill battle / General Burgoyne rebukes Barre, saying he was an eye witness of that battle [Editorial comment: Burgoyne lied and he was too far away to see the battle] / Williamsburg: South Carolina will deal with Britain only through Congress / Tories in prison in New-York / Counterfeiters / Cargo of prize ship / Ships battle / Resolutions concerning firearms and salt peter / Libel notes by Thomas Pickering.
June 17 Boston Gazette
England's treaties with three German Provinces will bring over 13,000 troops to America, the bulk will be Hessians / Debate in Commons on these treaties / Coming campaign to cost four millions / King to survey fleet before it sails to America / Officers will dress in soldier's gear so they won't make good targets / War sloop lost at sea / Ads: Want to catch people who plundered a shop / In Baltimore, church congregation omits King's name in prayers / Two sailors escape from large British fleet off the coast / Another petition to the King urging a resolution to the American problem. King replies that he will wait until the rebellion is over / British fleet off Sandy Hook / Niagara skirmish / Near Lake Erie, Arnold defeats the British / Ship cargoes / Washington in New-York / Arnold was successful at the Cedars / Details of action around Boston / Might be a prisoner exchange.
July 29 Boston Gazette
Supplies arrive in Charleston for the troops / Several Barnstable citizens pass a resolution against independence on June 26 / Joseph Otis comments on the Barnstable meeting, noting that only 65 voted and that 140 were present / British ship burns two ships near St. Augustine after landing troops there / Williamsburg: Patrick Henry chosen Virginia Governor, Edmund Randolph is Attorney General and the Privy Council is named / Dunsmore wants a prisoner exchange / Congress appoints a Board of War for supplies / Ethan Allen in New-York / Jacob Duche is the Congressional Chaplain / Details of the battles around Charleston, South Carolina [Moultrie on Sullivan's Island] / British fleet action near New-York / Washington refuses to receive a letter from Howe / General John Sullivan in Ticonderoga / British ship on the Hudson river / Independency proclaimed at Princeton / Newport celebrates The Declaration of Independence / British Peace Commission / Rhode Island supports Independency / American prisoners taken at Bunker Hill, escape to Boston / Congress passes an anti-Tory resolution / Prize Courts act on ships.
Sept. 11 Pennsylvania Gazette
Ads: Found 54 yards of stolen linen / Eight deserters / Gaol [jail] breaker / Dog wanted / Four runaway servants / Barre debates North about a cover up as to why the British evacuated Boston / From The South Carolina Gazette: a long account of the British defeat at Sullivan's Island and the British attack on Charleston, mentioning Moultrie, Lewis Morris, Generals Clinton and Cornwallis. The story of Sergeant Jasper replacing the flag on the fort [later to be called Fort Moultrie] and casualties / Williamsburg: Indian fights in Kentucky / Prize ships in Boston / Samuel Adams arrives from Philadelphia / Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and Rurledge go to New-York to confer with General Howe / William Livingston now is Governor of New- Jersey / Howe wants to exchange Generals Sullivan and Sterling for Generals Prescott and McDonald / Washington chases ship from Turtle Bay / Report on the late action on Long Island / List of prisoners and missing in Pennsylvania units lost on Long Island / Pennsylvania Ordnance, signed by Benjamin Franklin, states that men backing Great Britain are traitors.
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1777
Jan. 2 Continental Journal (Boston)
Prussian King: "Each State depends on its army" / Message from Congress, signed by John Hancock, reviews the crisis: taxation, cruelties, war with mercenaries, some success, wants to "excite and unite especially New-Jersey and Pennsylvania" to save Philadelphia" / Reports on the rape and pillage by the British in New-Jersey / Long poem on the present situation / General Charles Lee captured in New-Jersey / Americans take Nova Scotia fort / Washington reinforced to save Philadelphia / Wet nurse ad / Massachusetts resolutions: taxes, mustering men for the army, prize ship money / Philadelphia prepares for invasion / Americans raid Tories from Peekskill / Action near Trenton / Ads: $120 reward for escaped prisoner, dentist, stage to New-Hampshire, prize ships / Boston Committee of Correspondence demand all who come from areas occupied by the British, turn over all their correspondence and letters.
Mar. 10 Boston Gazette
Hutchinson letters / Printers are urged not to inflate figures of army numbers / 1777 - three "7's" mean Independency / Connecticut citizens plead with the King to end hostilities in America / Resolution by Congress on legal tender / List of prisoners who died in British hands and now are buried in Milford / Tory prisoners escape and are recaptured / Major Robert Rogers is relieved of command of Tories [drunk?] / British are distributing counterfeit currency / Tories hung / Prisoner General Charles Lee is acquitted of desertion from the British army and now is free in New-York on his honor parole / Tory insurrection suppressed / American deserters return to camp / Prize ships / Obituaries [Patience Pigeon] / Ads: Fife and drummer boys wanted, Bounties for enlistment, Brig Lively to sail, bar tender wanted, Prize ship court, lost a volume of " The History of Louisiana", Lisbon lemons, runaways, horse pistol wanted, deserters, and war certificates.
May 29 Continental Journal (Boston)
Difficulties with Britain / Londoners petition for rights / Congressional pensions / Washington orders gambling to cease / Massachusetts passes an anti-Tory act / Ads: Putnam wants recruits, Hitchcock library auction, Wet nurse wanted / Piscataway skirmish / England chagrined by Trenton and Princeton battles / Battle in the harbor / Burgoyne enroute with 13,000 troops / New Jersey skirmishes / Tory hung / Massachusetts sends instructions to its representatives in Congress / Iroquois Indians appear friendly to the United States / Spain prepares for war / French navy prepares for war / British near Philadelphia / Americans ignore Howe's proclamation / Rebel spy executed in England / Sturmount maintains that America has promised Canada to France / Plague has hit American prisoners in British hands / Irish are drafted for war / More Hessians are coming to America / Howe will have an army of 35,000 / Ads: Negro printer for sale.
June 12 Independent Chronicle (Boston)
Proof produced of how cruelly the British have treated American prisoners / There have been Indian raids, murders and scalping on the Ohio river / More German troops enroute America / Burgoyne sails for America / Howe is preparing an expedition against South Carolina / Congress has moved to Baltimore / John Dickinson's brother has joined the British - [Dickinson was considered the "Penman of the Revolution" as he wrote the important "rebel" documents, except the Declaration of Independence, which he opposed. Later, Dickinson joined the American.army] / Popery grows in England / Disabled British soldier from New-York claims that Fort Washington fight cost a 1000 British casualties / John Hancock comes from a worthy family stock / Skirmish near Fish-Kill / Connecticut passes acts requiring small-pox inoculation and investigation of traitorous conspiracies / Woman killed when another woman accidentally fires a gun / Hezekiah Mitchell killed by lightning / General Schuyler put in command of Albany and the Northern Department / Artillery joins Washington's army / Mrs. Catherine Clark killed by lightning / Shipping news including ships captured / Burgoyne is in Quebec and 26 transports are enroute / "A Tar" ridicules Howe's accomplishments.
Sept. 13 Boston Gazette
Burgoyne's "pompous" proclamation / Detailed accounts of rebel raids around New-York, New-Jersey, Staten Island and Kingsbridge / Congress agrees to a new flag with thirteen stars and bars / Evacuation of the Fort Ticonderoga investigated by Congress / Washington appoints an inquiry into the raid on Staten Island / Accounts of battles and raids in the Northern Department including Bennington action and atrocities / Details on action in New Jersey / Letter from Arnold after defeating the British in August / British land near Wilmington / Gates proclamation / British are in Maryland / Burgoyne and Gates correspondence about the Indian cruelties of Burgoyne's army, specifically about murdering women [The Jane McCrae story] / Washington's report to Congress on the British at Wilmington.
Sept. 15 Boston Gazette
Murder of Jane McCrae by Burgoyne's Indians
Sept. 22 Boston Gazette
Defense of Massachusetts's regiments concerning the actions of General St. Clair and the retreat from Ticonderoga / . Massachusetts passes resolutions on prohibiting exports and distilling regulations / Congressional resolution on hospitals / Another English regiment being sent to America / George III signs all bills passed by Parliament concerning the American war / Burgoyne was sent to Canada with orders to join General Howe in New-York via Lake Champlain / The Canadian - British army totals 50,000 / Britain's conditions for peace contain pardons for John Hancock and John Adams / From Gaines's New-York Mercury: British drive Rebels from Fort Ticonderoga, casualties, Burgoyne at Fort Edward / Home's success in Maryland / "Rebels flee to join Mr. Washington" / Congress to move from Philadelphia / "Mr. Washington's" army is in trouble near Philadelphia / Ships taken by the British / From Baltimore: General Washington receives reinforcements / Washington's general orders to the army: Action around Philadelphia is vital and the war could be lost, so make an utmost effort in the coming battle / Seven Tories including five women are captured / General orders of the Northern army recounts atrocities and the army is growing / France may declare war on England / Ebenezer Watson, printer of the Connecticut Courant, dies [His wife continued publication of this longest, continuously published newspaper in America - now, the Hartford Courant owned by The Chicago Tribune] / Battle of Brandywine / Washington's report on retreat from Chester and battle of Chadd's Ford / Lafayette is wounded.
Nov. 21 Continental Journal (Boston)
Major Edward Shurburne was killed at the battle of Germantown / Reports on the battles around Philadelphia, it looks like the enemy will occupy the city / Washington may leave Morristown / Cornwallis on the defensive in New-Jersey / Livingston is the Governor of New-Jersey / Action in New-Jersey / John Hancock is the " President of the American Congress" / A counterfeiter is hung in New-York / Massachusetts passes a money bill / Bermuda ships to be prize ships / Congressional resolutions / Ads: School.
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1778
Mar. 12 Massachusetts Spy (Worchester)
Washington writes of military success / British take Philadelphia
Mar. 18. Massachusetts Spy (Worchester)
Letter of Washington's answering Burgoyne's Proclamation [The Gentleman's Magazine, September, 1777] / Congressional regulations on officer's oaths / Report on British taking Philadelphia / Howe's character / The British are better disciplined and their use of the bayonet is crucial / British artillery is superior to American / Americans were defeated, but not conquered / "The brave American officer is not a ‘soldier of fortune' / Howe has changed his prison only from Boston to New-York to Philadelphia / From The London Gazette - Extraordinary: A detailed report of the battles around Philadelphia and the taking of Philadelphia by the British / Complaints about the appointments of civic officials and army officers / A Lt. Colonel went AWOL and is condemned / Produce prices are falling in Connecticut / Thirty American prisoners are released / Two men drown.
June 10 New-Jersey Gazette
Article by an Elector: "Friendly Hints to Subjects, or Those under Authority" London's Lord Mayor and Council address the King requesting peace / From London Post - January 27, a letter to Lord North from Benjamin Franklin, Silas Deane and Arthur Lee complaining about barbarous treatment of Ethan Allen / British government replied that they were not acting barbarously, but under war conditions and the exchange of prisoners. Unfortunately, there was no inspection of conditions / Shipping news / Indians join Washington's army / Washington reports to Congress about a skirmish near Valley Forge, commanded by Lafayette / A Valley Forge letter / British may be leaving Philadelphia / Another letter confirms British retreat / Action near Mt. Airy / Action on Staten Island / Mr. Shirley, Governor of Jamaica, is captured / Rhode Island foray / Spy executed / Ads: Nanny wanted, Negro for sale $600 dollars, wanted a journeyman taylor [tailor] wife wants to see Thomas Williams, taken at the battle of Brandywine, elegant two-wheel chaise for sale, army drivers wanted, people are asked to give up their horses to the army.
Sept. 16 New-Jersey Gazette
Essay on making molasses, sugars and spices from Indian corn stalks / British letter complaining about Americans ships in Cadiz harbor / Burgoyne may be court-martialed; his troops are still abroad as captives. Burgoyne's future is debated / An attempt by England to retrieve the troops of Burgoyne now held in Boston / An American expedition is planned against Detroit and into the land of the Six Nations / French fleet arrives / Honorable General John Hancock / Rumor: The British may be leaving New-York / Congress applauds General Sullivan for his late action / Hessians deserters / British raids in Connecticut / Ads: Princeton Trustees meet, William Trent selling a plantation a mile from Trenton, Household furniture, Medicines, Land to be confiscated, A list of men who joined, aided or assisted the British, Freehold Plantation for sale, Deserter / Report by Jonathan Witherspoon on the students and activities of the New-Jersey College at Princeton.
Sept. 23 New-Jersey Gazette
Virtually the entire issue on the correspondence about the surrender of Burgoyne's troops now held in the United States; and the discussion of a possible peace / Ships news / Ads: Negro wench to be sold for $1200 / Deserters / Wood cutters wanted.
Nov. 11 New-Jersey Gazette
American prisoners taken at Fort Washington can now return to the army / List of Tories / Goods for sale at Bordentown / Peace proposed by Austria with Prussia / England is at war with France / Ships action / British fleet sails from New-York to England / Nicholas Stuyvesant house burns in the Bowery / Rivington's Royal Gazette reports a Congressional Delegate was beheaded by Count Pulaski because he asked that Independence be repealed / Williamsburg: Colonel Clark is victorious at Fort Chartres / In battles with Shawnees, Cherokee Chief Dragging Canoe dies / Treaty expected with Holland / John Adams sends papers from Paris: French active in the West Indies and two executed for treason, report on that trial / British raid Jersey shore / Ads: Tories listed, Letters in Post Office, Long account of a mill for sale that British destroyed.
Nov. 25 New-Jersey Gazette
Congress's resolution: All pensions must relate any officer's misconduct / Long story of John Connelly, a British spy, who was well treated as a prisoner. However, Connelly got information to the British that he was mistreated. The British said that they would mistreat an American officer of equal rank. Washington sent a note to the British with the truth / Major Silas Talbot is promoted for taking the British schooner Pigot / Rumor that the British troops are leaving New-York / General Guy Carleton is going from Montreal to England / British fleet nearly wrecked off Cape Cod / Indians from Nova Scotia and Pebnosquot meet with French Commander D'Estaing / Burgoyne is returning to America / 150 ships sail from New-York / British spy captured near Danbury / Spies executed / Pennsylvania elects delegates to Congress, Biddle declines for health reasons / British cut wood on Long Island / American Army in winter quarters / Congress asks States to preserve grain / New-Jersey ratifies the Articles of Confederation / As The New-Jersey Gazette ends its first year, printer Isaac Collins asks subscribers to pay their bills / Ads: Slaves for sale, anatomy lecture in Philadelphia, coach for sale, lottery, liquor for sale and Jersey land.
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1779
Feb. 24 Pennsylvania Gazette
Fascinating and long report by General Joseph Reed concerning an attempt by a British Commissioner coming to America, aided by a Mrs. Ferguson, in order to get Reed's support for a peaceful solution to the war / Governor Johnstone says he can't keep New-York, Long Island and Rhode Island without money and troops / Debate in Commons on the progress of the war / Ships action off Lisbon / Admiral Keppel to be court-martialed / The 1779 British budget / Great Britain's treaty with Russia and Prussia / Lord North gives reasons to continue the war, he says that two thirds of Americans want to return to Britain; Washington's army is shrinking and Americans are out of money / Skirmish in Woodbridge, New-Jersey by British troops from Staten Island / Rumors from London: Everything is confused and the King is attacked / Fever is taking the troops in St. Lucia / Lottery / Article on the dangers of political parties / London pamphlet on peace consideration / Spain may support the Independence of America / Ads: For Sale: A house on Walnut Street, a Negro, a ferry, boat, goods, medicines, books, drugs, grist mill, an orphan to be bound out, a Burlington stage, and a pamphlet on General Schuyler's court-martial.
Mar. 23 Maryland Journal
[Mary Katherine Goddard printed this Baltimore newspaper for her brother] Prussian King's Hussars attacked, 200 dead / Commons supports the King in his resistance to revolted subjects / 165,000 British are under arms / British take Martinique / St. Lucia accepts articles of capitulation / Secret packet discovered near Charleston / In British hands, Georgians take oaths / Bermuda Council petitions Governor for relief of famine caused by the lack of trade with America / Washington's report on the battle of Horseneck, Westchester county, New-York, takes 38 prisoners / Pennsylvania Assembly grants land to officers / British report the size of the army and casualties / British are moving their forces from New-York to Charleston, South Carolina / Washington pardons deserters if return by May 1 / Baltimore horse race continues despite war / Ads: French doctor, slaves, convict servant man.
Mar. 30 Pennsylvania Packet
A Whig berates Tories
Aug. 13 Pennsylvania Packet
Anti-Tory article by a "Whig" / Ads: Newark Academy going under / From Rivington: Charles Thomson, Secretary of the Continental Congress, writes to George Collins, British Fleet Commander, complaining ill treatment of American Captain Gustavus Cunningham. Collins said Cunningham did not receive ill treatment and he will be go to England for trial / Williamsburg: Ships with military stores in the York River, people want regulated prices / Indian raids successful in central Pennsylvania, despite General Sullivan / Island of Grenada surrenders to the French / Letter on the battle of Stony Point / Rivington lied about American casualties / Robert Morris's letter to Matlack, Rittenhouse, Paine, Peale and Smith about the disposition of a cargo / Ads: Real Estate, Galloway's estate forfeited, Owners of land in the Indiana territory meet at the Indian Queen tavern, new chariot for sale.
Oct. 19 Maryland Journal
Joseph Galloway [Once a prominent Philadelphian, who owned the Pennsylvania Chronicle with others including Benjamin Franklin, but became a Tory] addresses Commons: "Americans did not support Congress and the military" / Lengthy report by General John Sullivan on the expedition against the Iroquois Nation and the battle of Newton [near Elmira of today] plus the torture and death of Boyd / Cornwallis, now in command of the British army in North America, is in North Carolina / The defense of Savannah / News from Williamsburg: French have attacked Beaufort, South Carolina / Ads: Races in Baltimore, "If owner come forward he can have his Negro", livery stable open, strayed horses, runaway mulatto wench and she may have tried to join her husband, a mulatto named Moses Grymes, who is in the army with Colonel Brent, runaway Welsh convict woman, a new market at Fells Point.
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1780
June 10 New-Hampshire Gazette
Narrative of the life of Barnett Davenport, who claims to have fought at Saratoga and Valley Forge, murders an entire family / British General Clinton threatens Charleston, South Carolina, General Lincoln answers Clinton / Dublin celebrates when given free trade with America / British meet French fleet in the West Indies / British capture Charleston / Rivington reports the fall of Charleston / Cornwallis marches to Camden / Washington is appointed Lt. General in the French army / Prisoners with smallpox arrive in England from New-York / Ads: Widow's Coffee House.
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1781
Aug. 20 Boston Gazette
Charleston, S. C. refugees get help from Congress / General Morgan takes command in Virginia / Loyalist report a victory in New-Jersey / Rivington reports that General Amherst is dead / Ships action / Lafayette in Virginia / Tories punished / Rebel ship is captured / New Governor in Halifax / "A Hell prison ship in New-York / Lauren returns with a three million livres loan.
Oct. 11 New-York Packet
[Badly torn] Peace overtures in Congress / Washington captures British dispatches / French sail for James River / Packet corrects a Rivington report / A tirade against Rivington / American government in Georgia / Washington begins operations at York / Action on Long Island, South Carolina / Bloody battle in South Carolina / Washington asks for Cornwallis to surrender / State of New-York indictments / Governor Clinton calls for a New-York Assembly.
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1782
Feb. 26 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
[This newspaper addressed to Nathaniel Willis, printer] Rivington reports the King's speech " hopes for peace", Commons answers King / Connecticut resolution on Continental money / London learns that Cornwallis seeks to surrender at Yorktown / Murder in Pennsylvania / Drowning near Philadelphia / Tory raid thwarted in New-Jersey / French take Basseterre / British troops deserting to Newark / African humor: "Washington shell off de corn and now he be Cobwallis"
Apr. 16 Pennsylvania Packet
British ship captured / French navy is active in the Mediterranean Sea / Americans successful in the West Indies / Large French convoy arrives In France from St. Domingo / Antiqua Gazette lists British fleet / Bey of Algiers dies / British trying to raise more German troops; but, not one has returned from America / French have 37 sail of the line in the West Indies / Report from Yorktown - Washington was looking for Arnold at the surrender, but he wasn't there / Hurricane hits Cherbourg / General Greene signs Cherokee peace treaty / Shipwreck / Cornwallis captured / Tories raid Connecticut / Admiral Rodney is in Barbados / Indian attack Pennsylvania, fifty savages killed near Fort Pitt / Long story of Indian raids and retaliation in Ohio country / Ads: 23 year old Negro wench for sale, wet nurse wanted.
May 2 Salem (Massachusetts) Gazette
Anti-Silas Deane article concerning the financial situation in America / Battle at Porto Novo / French Dauphin born / Minorca restored to England / Cornwallis and Arnold are in London / Surrender at Fort St. Philip / Indian raids on the Muskingum / Worcester resolutions on the disbursement of public money / Indian troubles / Tory raids / Rebel hung - Retaliate! / House of Lords answers the King's speech with an address: "Blunders in America"
July 2 Pennsylvania Packet
Tickets needed for Dauphin's birth celebration / United Provinces in Europe should acknowledge American Independence / News of Lord Clive in India / "Traitor Arnold" / Whale boat raid is "A flash in the pan" / A murderer is executed / Shipping news / Lafayette is in New-London / An Indian raid near Albany / All is quiet in the South / Death sentences for three crimes: rape, horse stealing and high treason / Spy escapes near death / Drowning in the Schuykill / General Wayne is 20 miles from Savannah / Twenty British soldiers per week desert in Charleston / Congress urges States to stop illegal trade with England / Washington addresses the French on the birth of the Dauphin / Ads: Stage wagons to Baltimore and a wet nurse.
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1783
Jan. 2 Salem (Massachusetts) Gazette
[The newspaper is addressed to Isaiah Thomas, famed newspaper printer] "As we have throw off the shackles of the British, what government should we have now?" article by "Independence" / Samuel Trevett claims that Samuel Rogers plundered his ship / Congress will solve the dilemma of citizens in the New-Hampshire land grants [West Connecticut] of owing allegiance to New-York / General Clark is raiding the Northern Indians / A eulogy for John Laurens, son of Henry Larens, killed in South Carolina / Son born to Cromwell / British lies: Carleton takes Boston - French fleet sunk - Washington is dead / Argument between Northwest Territories and Pennsylvania / Exploits of the USS Alliance / Peace Commissioners are in Paris / Americans take 32 prize ships / New-York raid / Carleton returns Newport town records / Benjamin Harrison re-elected Governor of Virginia / Great Britain would acknowledge American Independence except for the French Alliance / Georgia allows British merchants to close their affairs / Gibraltar siege is raised / Hurricane in West Indies / Pennsylvania act says no State can be formed with its boundaries / The Continental Treasury has received $253,740 dollars from the States. New-Hampshire, Delaware, North Carolina, Virginia paid nothing / Article to the Peacemakers.
Jan. 16 Salem (Massachusetts) Gazette
[This newspaper is addressed to Daniel Fowle, Boston and N.H. printer] An article from The South Carolina Gazette on British atrocities / John Dickinson, President of Pennsylvania, writes an article justifying his actions, especially his reasons for not accepting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 / London expects dispatches that clarifies the American situation in 1776 / Cornwallis to command forces in the East Indies / Rivington reports that the Loyalists want some consideration in the peace treaty / Loyalists in Nova Scotia recommends the land to their friends in New-York / British leave Charleston / A murderer's will / The Jersey, a prison ship, is in New-York / Virginia Legislature approves freeing slaves / An American letter of July 24, 1782 sent to Sir William Pepperell in England, claims British will triumph / The story of a suicide / Ads: $100 dollar reward to rescue a Negro woman.
Feb. 4 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
War is imminent between Russia and Turkey / Austria prepares for war / Peace with Britain is broken off / French clergy give King 15 millions / American Commissioners meet with French / British evacuations cause hardships in America / British atrocities in South Carolina gives extra meaning to General Greene's " South now in full possession of Americans" / Count de Rochambeau leaves for France / Loyalist prisoner escapes from Philadelphia jail / Indians raid Loyalists in Nova Scotia / William Alexander, known as Lord Sterling, a United States Major General, dies / British fleet suffers losses in hurricane / France acknowledges Independency and Britain agrees / Slave trade is flourishing in America / Article on education / Tory "traitor" is preaching in Connecticut / False story.
Mar. 25 Connecticut Courant (Hartford)
Ads: School in Windsor / Debates in the House of Lords on the American war / Duke of Richmond claims to have predicted that the Colonies would separate from Britain / Fire in Philadelphia / The treaty between Great Britain and the United States: Grants Independency, sets boundaries, grants fishing rights, sets creditors, restores Loyalist's property [no more confiscation], makes a perpetual peace, grants Mississippi navigation and restores any territory taken / The Peace Treaty is signed / Details of the New-York raid / John Mycall's printing plant in Newburyport Is destroyed by fire / Yale professors argue / Peace news / Connecticut taxation.
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-sharing-nuget-helper-package-within-your-development-vera-xez1e
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Building and Sharing a NuGet Helper Package Within Your Development Team
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https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQHVNtr7shIQqQ/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1711132310309?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=TmDRWUzVNolzLw7j2GbNFH-9V3YQuWUZ45Fjv98tao4
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https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQHVNtr7shIQqQ/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1711132310309?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=TmDRWUzVNolzLw7j2GbNFH-9V3YQuWUZ45Fjv98tao4
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[
"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D4E12AQHVNtr7shIQqQ/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/article-cover_image-shrink_600_2000/0/1711132310309?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=TmDRWUzVNolzLw7j2GbNFH-9V3YQuWUZ45Fjv98tao4"
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"Bryan Vera"
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2024-03-22T18:32:32+00:00
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In today's collaborative development environment, efficiency and reusability are key. One of the most effective ways to share code across projects and teams is through the creation and distribution of a NuGet package.
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en
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https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
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https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-sharing-nuget-helper-package-within-your-development-vera-xez1e
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In today's collaborative development environment, efficiency and reusability are key. One of the most effective ways to share code across projects and teams is through the creation and distribution of a NuGet package. This article will guide you through creating a NuGet helper package and setting up a private feed to share it within your development team, streamlining your development processes and fostering code reuse.
Step 1: Creating Your NuGet Helper Package
Develop Your Library: Begin by developing the library you wish to share. This could be a set of utility functions, a library of UI components, or any code that you find reusable across projects.
Prepare the Project: Ensure your project targets the appropriate framework version compatible with the projects that will use your package. Clean up the code, remove unnecessary dependencies, and write comprehensive documentation and comments.
Create a .nuspec File: This XML file contains metadata about your package such as the version, authors, and dependencies. You can generate it manually or by using the nuget spec command in your project directory.
Build the Package: Use the nuget pack command along with your .nuspec file to generate the .nupkg file. This file is the actual package that will be shared and installed in other projects.
Step 2: Setting Up a Private NuGet Feed
Choose a Hosting Option: You can host your private NuGet feed using various services or even on a file system. Options include Azure DevOps, GitHub Packages, or a NuGet server on your own infrastructure.
Configure Access: Depending on your hosting choice, set up appropriate access controls. This might involve creating API keys, configuring user permissions, or setting up authentication mechanisms.
Upload Your Package: Once your feed is ready, upload your .nupkg file. If you're using Azure DevOps or GitHub, you can often do this through the UI or via CLI tools.
Step 3: Consuming Your NuGet Package
Configure the Feed in Visual Studio: To use your private feed, you need to add it to Visual Studio's NuGet package sources. Go to Tools -> Options -> NuGet Package Manager -> Package Sources and add your feed URL.
Restore and Install the Package: Now, you can browse and install packages from your private feed just like any other NuGet package. Use the Package Manager UI or the Package Manager Console (Install-Package YourPackageName).
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https://alistairevans.co.uk/2020/04/17/loading-plugins-extensions-at-run-time-from-nuget-in-net-core-part-1-nuget/
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en
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Loading Plugins/Extensions at Run Time from NuGet in .NET Core : Part 1 – NuGet
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2020-04-17T00:00:00
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This post is the first in a short series, writing up my efforts creating an plugin/extension system working in .NET Core that: Loads extension packages from NuGet, with all their dependencies (this post).Loads the extensions into my .NET Core Process.Allows the loaded extensions to be unloaded. Background As a bit of context, I'm currently building…
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en
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Alistair Evans
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https://alistairevans.co.uk/2020/04/17/loading-plugins-extensions-at-run-time-from-nuget-in-net-core-part-1-nuget/
|
This post is the first in a short series, writing up my efforts creating an plugin/extension system working in .NET Core that:
Loads extension packages from NuGet, with all their dependencies (this post).
Loads the extensions into my .NET Core Process.
Allows the loaded extensions to be unloaded.
Background
As a bit of context, I’m currently building an open-source BDD testing platform that goes beyond Gherkin, AutoStep, which is built entirely in C#, on top of .NET Core 3.1.
In AutoStep, I need to be able to load in extensions that provide additional functionality for AutoStep. For example, extensions might provide:
Bindings for some UI platform or library
Custom Report Formats
Integration with some external Test Management System
In terms of what’s in them, AutoStep extensions are going to consist of things like:
.NET DLLs
AutoStep Test Files
Dependencies on various NuGet packages (Selenium.WebDriver anyone?).
All of the above items fit pretty well within the scope of NuGet packages, and I don’t want to build my own extension packaging, hosting, versioning and so on, so I’m going to say that each extension can be represented by a NuGet package.
AutoStep does not require the .NET Core SDK to build or run any tests, so I can’t just create a csproj, chuck PackageReferences in and be done with it.
I need to bake the idea of extensions into the platform itself.
If you want to jump ahead, you can check out the GitHub repository for AutoStep.Extensions, which provides the NuGet package used to load extensions into our VS Code Language Server and our commmand-line runner.
Loading Extensions from NuGet
Microsoft supplies the NuGet Client SDK, to work with both NuGet packages and source repositories; specifically the NuGet.Protocol and NuGet.Resolver packages.
The documentation on how to actually use the NuGet Client libraries is a bit sparse, so I’m permanently indebted to Martin Bjorkstrom for writing a blog post on it that I used as a pretty detailed guide to get me started.
Loading our extension packages from NuGet involves three phases:
Determine the best version of an extension package to install, given a version range (and normal NuGet rules).
For example, if the version of the extension requested is 1.4.0, and there is a 1.4.5 version available, we want that one.
Get the list of all NuGet package dependencies (recursively) for each extension.
Download and Extract your packages.
Choosing the Extension Version
This is (relatively) the easy bit. First up, we’ll create some of the context objects we need to get started:
/// <summary> /// Represents the configuration for a single extension to install. /// </summary> public class ExtensionConfiguration { public string Package { get; set; } public string Version { get; set; } public bool PreRelease { get; set; } } public async Task LoadExtensions() { // Define a source provider, with the main NuGet feed, plus my own feed. var sourceProvider = new PackageSourceProvider(NullSettings.Instance, new[] { new PackageSource("https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json"), new PackageSource("https://f.feedz.io/autostep/ci/nuget/index.json") }); // Establish the source repository provider; the available providers come from our custom settings. var sourceRepositoryProvider = new SourceRepositoryProvider(sourceProvider, Repository.Provider.GetCoreV3()); // Get the list of repositories. var repositories = sourceRepositoryProvider.GetRepositories(); // Disposable source cache. using var sourceCacheContext = new SourceCacheContext(); // You should use an actual logger here, this is a NuGet ILogger instance. var logger = new NullLogger(); // My extension configuration: var extensions = new[] { new ExtensionConfiguration { Package = "AutoStep.Web", PreRelease = true // Allow pre-release versions. } }; }
Next, let’s write a method to actually get the desired package identity to install. The GetPackageIdentity method goes through each repository, and either:
Picks the latest available version if no version range has been configured or,
If a version range has been specified, uses the provided NuGet VersionRange class to find the best match given the set of all versions.
private async Task<PackageIdentity> GetPackageIdentity( ExtensionConfiguration extConfig, SourceCacheContext cache, ILogger nugetLogger, IEnumerable<SourceRepository> repositories, CancellationToken cancelToken) { // Go through each repository. // If a repository contains only pre-release packages (e.g. AutoStep CI), and // the configuration doesn't permit pre-release versions, // the search will look at other ones (e.g. NuGet). foreach (var sourceRepository in repositories) { // Get a 'resource' from the repository. var findPackageResource = await sourceRepository.GetResourceAsync<FindPackageByIdResource>(); // Get the list of all available versions of the package in the repository. var allVersions = await findPackageResource.GetAllVersionsAsync(extConfig.Package, cache, nugetLogger, cancelToken); NuGetVersion selected; // Have we specified a version range? if (extConfig.Version != null) { if (!VersionRange.TryParse(extConfig.Version, out var range)) { throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid version range provided."); } // Find the best package version match for the range. // Consider pre-release versions, but only if the extension is configured to use them. var bestVersion = range.FindBestMatch(allVersions.Where(v => extConfig.PreRelease || !v.IsPrerelease)); selected = bestVersion; } else { // No version; choose the latest, allow pre-release if configured. selected = allVersions.LastOrDefault(v => v.IsPrerelease == extConfig.PreRelease); } if (selected is object) { return new PackageIdentity(extConfig.Package, selected); } } return null; }
Let’s plug that code into our previous code, so we’re now getting the identity:
// ... // My extension configuration: var extensions = new[] { new ExtensionConfiguration { Package = "AutoStep.Web", PreRelease = true // Allow pre-release versions. }}; foreach (var ext in extensions) { var packageIdentity = await GetPackageIdentity(ext, sourceCacheContext, logger, repositories, CancellationToken.None); if (packageIdentity is null) { throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot find package {ext.Package}."); } }
With this we get a package identity of AutoStep.Web.1.0.0-develop.20 (the latest pre-release version at the time).
Get the List of Package Dependencies
This is where things get interesting. We need to get the complete set of all dependencies, across all the extensions, that we need to install in order to use the extension package.
First off, let’s look at an initial, very naive solution, which just does a straight-forward recurse through the entire dependency graph.
private async Task GetPackageDependencies(PackageIdentity package, SourceCacheContext cacheContext, NuGetFramework framework, ILogger logger, IEnumerable<SourceRepository> repositories, ISet<SourcePackageDependencyInfo> availablePackages, CancellationToken cancelToken) { // Don't recurse over a package we've already seen. if (availablePackages.Contains(package)) { return; } foreach (var sourceRepository in repositories) { // Get the dependency info for the package. var dependencyInfoResource = await sourceRepository.GetResourceAsync<DependencyInfoResource>(); var dependencyInfo = await dependencyInfoResource.ResolvePackage( package, framework, cacheContext, logger, cancelToken); // No info for the package in this repository. if (dependencyInfo == null) { continue; } // Add to the list of all packages. availablePackages.Add(dependencyInfo); // Recurse through each package. foreach (var dependency in dependencyInfo.Dependencies) { await GetPackageDependencies( new PackageIdentity(dependency.Id, dependency.VersionRange.MinVersion), cacheContext, framework, logger, repositories, availablePackages, cancelToken); } break; } }
That does indeed create the complete graph of all libraries required by that extension, the problem is that it has 104 packages in it!
I’ve got the AutoStep.Web package at the top there, but I’ve also got
System.Runtime, which I definitely don’t want.
All the extensions are going to reference the AutoStep.Extensions.Abstractions package (because that’s where we define our interfaces for extensions), but we don’t want to download it ourselves!
Besides the fact that we don’t need to download these shared packages, if we load in the AutoStep.Extensions.Abstractions assembly from the extension’s dependencies, it will not be compatible with the version referenced by the host process.
The actual requirement for our behaviour here is:
All packages provided by the host process should be excluded from the set of dependencies to install.
Filtering the Dependencies
At runtime, how do we know what the set of installed packages are for a .NET Core Application? Luckily, there happens to be an existing file containing this information, the {AssemblyName}.deps.json file that gets copied to your output directory.
You probably haven’t had to worry about it much, but if you look in your application’s output directory, you’ll find it.
It contains the complete package reference graph for your application, and looks a little something like this:
{ "runtimeTarget": { "name": ".NETCoreApp,Version=v3.1", "signature": "" }, "compilationOptions": {}, "targets": { ".NETCoreApp,Version=v3.1": { "NugetConsole/1.0.0": { "dependencies": { "Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel": "3.1.3", "NuGet.Protocol": "5.5.1", "NuGet.Resolver": "5.5.1" }, "runtime": { "NugetConsole.dll": {} } }, "Microsoft.CSharp/4.0.1": { "dependencies": { "System.Collections": "4.3.0", "System.Diagnostics.Debug": "4.3.0", "System.Dynamic.Runtime": "4.3.0", "System.Globalization": "4.3.0", "System.Linq": "4.3.0", "System.Linq.Expressions": "4.3.0", "System.ObjectModel": "4.3.0", // ...a lot more content...
Handily, we don’t have to parse this ourselves. If you add the Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyModel package to your project, you can directly access this content using DependencyContext.Default, which gives you a DependencyContext you can interrogate.
Let’s define a method that takes this DependencyContext and a PackageDependency, and checks whether it is provided by the host:
private bool DependencySuppliedByHost(DependencyContext hostDependencies, PackageDependency dep) { // See if a runtime library with the same ID as the package is available in the host's runtime libraries. var runtimeLib = hostDependencies.RuntimeLibraries.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Name == dep.Id); if (runtimeLib is object) { // What version of the library is the host using? var parsedLibVersion = NuGetVersion.Parse(runtimeLib.Version); if (parsedLibVersion.IsPrerelease) { // Always use pre-release versions from the host, otherwise it becomes // a nightmare to develop across multiple active versions. return true; } else { // Does the host version satisfy the version range of the requested package? // If so, we can provide it; otherwise, we cannot. return dep.VersionRange.Satisfies(parsedLibVersion); } } return false; }
Then, let’s plug that in to our existing GetPackageDependencies method:
private async Task GetPackageDependencies(PackageIdentity package, SourceCacheContext cacheContext, NuGetFramework framework, ILogger logger, IEnumerable<SourceRepository> repositories, DependencyContext hostDependencies, ISet<SourcePackageDependencyInfo> availablePackages, CancellationToken cancelToken) { // Don't recurse over a package we've already seen. if (availablePackages.Contains(package)) { return; } foreach (var sourceRepository in repositories) { // Get the dependency info for the package. var dependencyInfoResource = await sourceRepository.GetResourceAsync<DependencyInfoResource>(); var dependencyInfo = await dependencyInfoResource.ResolvePackage( package, framework, cacheContext, logger, cancelToken); // No info for the package in this repository. if (dependencyInfo == null) { continue; } // Filter the dependency info. // Don't bring in any dependencies that are provided by the host. var actualSourceDep = new SourcePackageDependencyInfo( dependencyInfo.Id, dependencyInfo.Version, dependencyInfo.Dependencies.Where(dep => !DependencySuppliedByHost(hostDependencies, dep)), dependencyInfo.Listed, dependencyInfo.Source); availablePackages.Add(actualSourceDep); // Recurse through each package. foreach (var dependency in actualSourceDep.Dependencies) { await GetPackageDependencies( new PackageIdentity(dependency.Id, dependency.VersionRange.MinVersion), cacheContext, framework, logger, repositories, hostDependencies, availablePackages, cancelToken); } break; } }
This cuts down on the set of packages significantly, but it’s still pulling down some runtime-provided packages I don’t want:
AutoStep.Web : 1.0.0-develop.20 // correct Selenium.Chrome.WebDriver : 79.0.0 // correct Selenium.WebDriver : 3.141.0 // correct Newtonsoft.Json : 10.0.3 // correct Microsoft.CSharp : 4.3.0 // Ah. This is a runtime package... System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter : 4.3.0 System.Collections.NonGeneric : 4.3.0 System.Collections.Specialized : 4.3.0 System.ComponentModel : 4.3.0 System.ComponentModel.Primitives : 4.3.0 System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives : 4.3.0 System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters : 4.3.0 System.Xml.XmlDocument : 4.3.0
So, something is still not right. What’s causing these packages to be present?
Well, simply put, my program doesn’t use System.ComponentModel, so it isn’t in the list of my dependencies. But it is provided by the host, because it’s part of the distributed .NET Runtime.
Ignoring Runtime-Provided Packages
We want to filter out runtime-provided packages completely, but how do we know which ones to exclude? We can’t just filter out any System.* packages, because there are a number of System.* packages that aren’t shipped with the runtime (e.g. System.Text.Json).
As far as I can tell, it’s more or less impossible to determine the full set at run time dynamically.
After some considerable searching however, I found a complete listing of all runtime-provided packages in an MSBuild task in the dotnet SDK, called PackageConflictOverrides, which tells the build system which packages don’t need to be restored! Yay!
This allowed me to define the following static lookup class (excerpt only). You can find a full version here.
/// <summary> /// Contains a pre-determined list of NuGet packages that are provided by the run-time, and /// therefore should not be restored from an extensions dependency list. /// </summary> internal static class RuntimeProvidedPackages { /// <summary> /// Checks whether the set of known runtime packages contains the given package ID. /// </summary> /// <param name="packageId">The package ID.</param> /// <returns>True if the package is provided by the framework, otherwise false.</returns> public static bool IsPackageProvidedByRuntime(string packageId) { return ProvidedPackages.Contains(packageId); } /// <summary> /// This list comes from the package overrides for the .NET SDK, /// at https://github.com/dotnet/sdk/blob/v3.1.201/src/Tasks/Common/targets/Microsoft.NET.DefaultPackageConflictOverrides.targets. /// If the executing binaries ever change to a newer version, this project must update as well, and refresh this list. /// </summary> private static readonly ISet<string> ProvidedPackages = new HashSet<string> { "Microsoft.CSharp", "Microsoft.Win32.Primitives", "Microsoft.Win32.Registry", "runtime.debian.8-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.fedora.23-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.fedora.24-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.opensuse.13.2-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.opensuse.42.1-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.osx.10.10-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.Apple", "runtime.osx.10.10-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.rhel.7-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.ubuntu.14.04-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.ubuntu.16.04-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "runtime.ubuntu.16.10-x64.runtime.native.System.Security.Cryptography.OpenSsl", "System.AppContext", "System.Buffers", "System.Collections", "System.Collections.Concurrent", // Removed a load for brevity.... "System.Xml.ReaderWriter", "System.Xml.XDocument", "System.Xml.XmlDocument", "System.Xml.XmlSerializer", "System.Xml.XPath", "System.Xml.XPath.XDocument", }; }
Ok, so let’s update our DependencySuppliedByHost method to use this look-up:
private bool DependencySuppliedByHost(DependencyContext hostDependencies, PackageDependency dep) { // Check our look-up list. if(RuntimeProvidedPackages.IsPackageProvidedByRuntime(dep.Id)) { return true; } // See if a runtime library with the same ID as the package is available in the host's runtime libraries. var runtimeLib = hostDependencies.RuntimeLibraries.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Name == dep.Id); if (runtimeLib is object) { // What version of the library is the host using? var parsedLibVersion = NuGetVersion.Parse(runtimeLib.Version); if (parsedLibVersion.IsPrerelease) { // Always use pre-release versions from the host, otherwise it becomes // a nightmare to develop across multiple active versions. return true; } else { // Does the host version satisfy the version range of the requested package? // If so, we can provide it; otherwise, we cannot. return dep.VersionRange.Satisfies(parsedLibVersion); } } return false; }
Now, when we run our code, we get precisely the set of packages we want!
AutoStep.Web : 1.0.0-develop.20 Selenium.Chrome.WebDriver : 79.0.0 Selenium.WebDriver : 3.141.0 Newtonsoft.Json : 10.0.3
Downloading and Extracting
At the moment, our list of dependencies ‘might’ contain duplicates. For example,
two different extensions might reference two different versions of NewtonSoft.Json.
We need to pick one to install that will be compatible with both.
To do this, we need to use the supplied PackageResolver class to constrain the set of packages
to only the ones we want to actually download and install, in a new GetPackagesToInstall method:
private IEnumerable<SourcePackageDependencyInfo> GetPackagesToInstall(SourceRepositoryProvider sourceRepositoryProvider, ILogger logger, IEnumerable<ExtensionConfiguration> extensions, HashSet<SourcePackageDependencyInfo> allPackages) { // Create a package resolver context. var resolverContext = new PackageResolverContext( DependencyBehavior.Lowest, extensions.Select(x => x.Package), Enumerable.Empty<string>(), Enumerable.Empty<PackageReference>(), Enumerable.Empty<PackageIdentity>(), allPackages, sourceRepositoryProvider.GetRepositories().Select(s => s.PackageSource), logger); var resolver = new PackageResolver(); // Work out the actual set of packages to install. var packagesToInstall = resolver.Resolve(resolverContext, CancellationToken.None) .Select(p => allPackages.Single(x => PackageIdentityComparer.Default.Equals(x, p))); return packagesToInstall; }
Once we have that list, we can pass it to another new method that actually downloads and extracts the packages for us, InstallPackages.
private async Task InstallPackages(SourceCacheContext sourceCacheContext, ILogger logger, IEnumerable<SourcePackageDependencyInfo> packagesToInstall, string rootPackagesDirectory, ISettings nugetSettings, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var packagePathResolver = new PackagePathResolver(rootPackagesDirectory, true); var packageExtractionContext = new PackageExtractionContext( PackageSaveMode.Defaultv3, XmlDocFileSaveMode.Skip, ClientPolicyContext.GetClientPolicy(nugetSettings, logger), logger); foreach (var package in packagesToInstall) { var downloadResource = await package.Source.GetResourceAsync<DownloadResource>(cancellationToken); // Download the package (might come from the shared package cache). var downloadResult = await downloadResource.GetDownloadResourceResultAsync( package, new PackageDownloadContext(sourceCacheContext), SettingsUtility.GetGlobalPackagesFolder(nugetSettings), logger, cancellationToken); // Extract the package into the target directory. await PackageExtractor.ExtractPackageAsync( downloadResult.PackageSource, downloadResult.PackageStream, packagePathResolver, packageExtractionContext, cancellationToken); } }
Let’s go ahead and plug those extra methods into our main calling method:
public async Task LoadExtensions() { // Define a source provider, with nuget, plus my own feed. var sourceProvider = new PackageSourceProvider(NullSettings.Instance, new[] { new PackageSource("https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json"), new PackageSource("https://f.feedz.io/autostep/ci/nuget/index.json") }); // Establish the source repository provider; the available providers come from our custom settings. var sourceRepositoryProvider = new SourceRepositoryProvider(sourceProvider, Repository.Provider.GetCoreV3()); // Get the list of repositories. var repositories = sourceRepositoryProvider.GetRepositories(); // Disposable source cache. using var sourceCacheContext = new SourceCacheContext(); // You should use an actual logger here, this is a NuGet ILogger instance. var logger = new NullLogger(); // My extension configuration: var extensions = new[] { new ExtensionConfiguration { Package = "AutoStep.Web", PreRelease = true // Allow pre-release versions. } }; // Replace this with a proper cancellation token. var cancellationToken = CancellationToken.None; // The framework we're using. var targetFramework = NuGetFramework.ParseFolder("netcoreapp3.1"); var allPackages = new HashSet<SourcePackageDependencyInfo>(); var dependencyContext = DependencyContext.Default; foreach (var ext in extensions) { var packageIdentity = await GetPackageIdentity(ext, sourceCacheContext, logger, repositories, cancellationToken); if (packageIdentity is null) { throw new InvalidOperationException($"Cannot find package {ext.Package}."); } await GetPackageDependencies(packageIdentity, sourceCacheContext, targetFramework, logger, repositories, dependencyContext, allPackages, cancellationToken); } var packagesToInstall = GetPackagesToInstall(sourceRepositoryProvider, logger, extensions, allPackages); // Where do we want to install our packages? // For now we'll pop them in the .extensions folder. var packageDirectory = Path.Combine(Environment.CurrentDirectory, ".extensions"); var nugetSettings = Settings.LoadDefaultSettings(packageDirectory); await InstallPackages(sourceCacheContext, logger, packagesToInstall, packageDirectory, nugetSettings, cancellationToken); }
With all these changes, here’s what the ./extensions folder looks like when we run this:
> ls ./extensions AutoStep.Web.1.0.0-develop.20 Newtonsoft.Json.10.0.3 Selenium.Chrome.WebDriver.79.0.0 Selenium.WebDriver.3.141.0
All the packages we need are now on disk!
Wrapping Up
At the end of this post, we now have a mechanism for loading packages and a filtered set of dependencies from NuGet.
In the next post, we will load those packages into a custom AssemblyLoadContext and use them in our application.
You can find the complete set of code from this post in this gist.
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8582
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https://dev.to/eliotjones/reading-a-pdf-in-c-on-net-core-43ef
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Reading a PDF in C# on .NET Core
|
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[
"Eliot Jones"
] |
2020-07-25T14:55:48+00:00
|
The question anyone who has tried to extract text from a PDF using C# will have asked themselves at o... Tagged with csharp, dotnet, tutorial.
|
en
|
https://res.cloudinary.com/practicaldev/image/fetch/s--E8ak4Hr1--/c_limit,f_auto,fl_progressive,q_auto,w_32/https://dev-to.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/favicon.ico
|
DEV Community
|
https://dev.to/eliotjones/reading-a-pdf-in-c-on-net-core-43ef
|
The question anyone who has tried to extract text from a PDF using C# will have asked themselves at one point or another is: why is this so complicated?
It's a good question and the answer lies in trade-offs made when the PDF format was designed.
To those unfamiliar with it I'd describe a PDF file as a picture. At a very high level it's a set of images defining how the pages in the document should appear. This means whatever platform you view it on, it should look (more-or-less) identical, whether you're on Windows, Linux, Chrome, Android, etc. The fact it contains text and font information is almost, but not quite, incidental.
The presence of fonts in the file helps applications that display PDFs draw text in (almost) the same way across platforms. The text content included in a document mostly just defines where letters from a font should be drawn. There are even some documents containing fonts where the text information has no actual relationship to the displayed glyphs, you might have encountered them before; in these documents if you highlight and copy paste some text that appears 'normal' when you paste it to another application it's just nonsense.
With that in mind there's no such thing as 'perfect' (or a lot of the time even passable) text extraction from PDFs. They're not primarily designed to transmit the text in a useful way, it's pretty much a side effect of the requirement to render the document that it even contains text at all.
For this reason some people just run OCR against all PDF documents and rely on the OCR to extract text from what is, and I'm repeating myself here, basically an image.
If you don't want to run OCR and you don't want to fork out a considerable amount of money for commercially licensed PDF software, what are your options for getting text out of a PDF in C#?
Options
For the following examples I'm targeting .NET Core 2.1 on Windows 10 using Visual Studio 2017. I'll be using the sample PDF found here but you can use any PDF file.
For the licensing discussion below - the traditional disclaimer that I am not a lawyer, I don't particularly understand software licenses. Consult someone who understands this stuff if licensing is a real issue for you.
iTextSharp
Link
The original. One of the more well established PDF libraries in C#. Most versions of iTextSharp (now iText as of version 7) are covered by the AGPL. This is quite an 'aggressive' license that cannot be used for commercial purposes unless you also release your entire source code as source available (controversial take, I don't really consider AGPL open source) under the AGPL, or buy a commercial license.
There's an unofficial fork of iTextSharp from back when it was LGPL licensed (this is still a copyleft license - note that this link is to LGPL v2.1 rather than v2) before the change to the AGPL license with some recent changes to port it to .NET Core.
Once you have the package installed you can refer to the examples on GitHub to accomplish most tasks. The following code opens a file from disk and write the text content to the console:
The iTextSharp API has always struck me as a bit tricky to understand and the licensing would be a deal-breaker for me, even under the LGPL rather than AGPL. However you get access to the power of one of the largest, feature complete, C# PDF libraries.
PdfPig
Link
Disclaimer: I'm the maintainer of this package.
PdfPig is an Apache 2.0 licensed library started as an attempt to port the Java PDFBox project to C#. I built PdfPig with a particular focus on extracting text from PDFs. Other use-cases like creating PDFs are less well supported, or for PDF to image or HTML to PDF, not supported at all.
First get the package from NuGet:
Then to open and extract the text, like we did for the previous library:
PdfPig provides multiple text extraction strategies. Porting the excellent PDFBox PDFTextStripper is an outstanding issue but PdfPig exposes a rich API based around letters to support any custom text extraction logic.
Each page gives you access the the letters and their exact position on the page, plus almost all the information you could possibly want. Given the difficulty of extracting text content in a reliable order PdfPig is designed so that you can extract PDF text in any way you might need to, and enables you to build your own post-processing pipelines to give you the best possible results for your use-case.
docnet
Link
docnet wraps the PDFium C++ library used by Chromium. It provides a C# API for the functionality available in the C++ library. This MIT licensed wrapper wraps the Apache 2.0 licensed PDFium code so is properly open source.
Then you can extract the content from each page, or access the letters directly:
docnet gives you the speed benefit of native libraries as well as the reassurance of running the PDF code which powers Chromium and by extension, Chrome. Currently it restricts you to targeting x64 but this may change in future.
PdfSharp
Link
This is a port of the MIT licensed PdfSharp library to .NET Core. It seems to be primarily focused on creating, rather than reading, PDFs but also supports other operations. It also replaces the System.Drawing dependency of the original PDfSharp with the more cross-platform friendly ImageSharp library; which means, as usual, you should check the licenses of the dependencies (there was some talk of changing the ImageSharp license recently).
I couldn't find an immediately obvious API for text extraction and there seems to be an open issue for text extraction, but I thought I'd mention it as an option if you're looking to convert PDF to image, or work with the internal PDF structure.
Conclusion
We reviewed a few of the options available to a developer looking to read text from a PDF in C# on .NET Core. There's some difficulty finding proper open-source, rather than commercial or copyleft licensed software to achieve this task.
Even when we find a library it's still never going to extract text in reading order perfectly 100% of the time, since PDF was never designed to support this.
I've included the options I'm aware of, but if you feel I've missed any let me know in the comments.
I hope this article helps you write great software to bring the power of PDF to the people!
|
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https://www.nuget.org/packages
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en
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NuGet Gallery
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https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/newtonsoft.json/13.0.3/icon
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Got questions about NuGet or the NuGet Gallery?
Find out the service status of NuGet.org and its related services.
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8582
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dbpedia
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https://www.yoctopuce.com/EN/article/c-net-core-and-nuget
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en
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C#, .NET Core, and NuGet
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en
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This week, we publish a new version of our C# library with some interesting new features: the library is now available through the NuGet package manager, we support .NET Core 2, and finally we managed to get rid of the dllmap entries that we needed to add when using our library with Mono.
Let's start with the last item: No more need for dllmap entries in the app.config file.
As we explained it three weeks ago, the C# library is made of C# code but also of a "yapi" dynamic library which is compiled for each OS. Under Windows, the .NET virtual machine can automatically retrieve the correct version of this library, but with Mono we had to add entries in the application configuration file for the library to work. This is not necessary anymore.
We must simply copy in the executable directory the different versions of the "yapi" library which are located in the Sources/dll subdirectory. Concretely, for your application to work with Mono, you must have in your executable directory the following files:
yapi.dll : the "yapi" library for Windows 32 bits
amd64/yapi.dll : the "yapi" library for Windows 64 bits
libyapi-i386.so :the "yapi" library for Linux 32 bits
libyapi-amd64.so : lthe "yapi" library for Linux 64 bits
libyapi-armhf.so : the "yapi" library for Linux ARM
libyapi.dylib :the "yapi" library for macOS (64 bits)
libyapi32.dylib : the "yapi" library for macOS (32 bits)
When executing, our library automatically detects the OS and loads the correct version of the library.
.NET Core 2
Getting rid of dllmap entries allowed us to add support for .NET Core 2.x. .NET Core is a new implementation of the .NET standard created by Microsoft.
This implementation has the following advantages:
The Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems are supported
Intel 32 and 64 bits processors are supported for all the OSes, as well as ARM processors but only for Linux
The project is Open Source (https://github.com/dotnet/core)
Microsoft actively contributes to the development
For more information on what .Net Core is, we leave you to read Microsoft's documentation on the topic.
To use the C# library in a .NET Core project, the process is identical: you must add the .cs files and copy the Sources/dll subdirectory files into the executable directory. But as we are going to see below, you can use NuGet to automate this task.
The NuGet package
We took advantage of these modifications to publish our library under NuGet: https://www.nuget.org/packages/Yoctopuce.YoctoLib/
NuGet is a package manager developed by Microsoft for .NET projects. Its aim is to ease the life of developers by taking care of downloading and installing the libraries which are used in a project.
The problem with NuGet is that between the different types of Visual Studio projects, the different versions of the NuGet client, and now the new .Net Core projects, it's difficult to have one library which works for everybody.
In order to have a easy to use package, we limited its use to the following cases:
A "traditional" .NET project since Framework 4.5
A .Net Core project since version 2.0
In all other cases, you can still use our library, but you must manually add the source files and copy the "yapi" dynamic library, as explained in our introductory post.
An example is better than long speeches
To show how to use the NuGet package, we are going to write a short command line program which lists the Yoctopuce modules connected to the USB ports.
The source code is that of the "Doc-Inventory" example which is included with the library sources:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
YModule m;
string errmsg = "";
if (YAPI.RegisterHub("usb", ref errmsg) != YAPI.SUCCESS) {
Console.WriteLine("RegisterHub error: " + errmsg);
Environment.Exit(0);
}
Console.WriteLine("Device list");
m = YModule.FirstModule();
while (m != null) {
Console.WriteLine(m.get_serialNumber()
+ " (" + m.get_productName() + ")");
m = m.nextModule();
}
YAPI.FreeAPI();
}
}
We are going to show you how to implement this short program in a .NET Framework project as well as in a .NET Core project.
.NET Framework 4.5 and above
You must start by creating a new project of type "Console App (.NET Framework)" in Visual Studio.
You must create a new project of type 'Console App (.NET Framework)' in Visual Studio
Then, you must access to the "NuGet package manager". You can do so by using the menu ("Tools"->"NuGet Package Manage"->"Manage NuGet Package for Solutions...") or with a right click on the project by selecting "Manage NuGet Package...".
The NuGet tab is available through the menu in Visual Studio
The NuGet tab allows you to look for the Yoctopuce package and to add it to the project directly from NuGet.org with the "Install" button.
The NuGet tab allows you to look for the Yoctopuce package and to add it to the project
When installed, the Yoctopuce.YoctoLib NuGet package is displayed in the project Reference.
The Yoctopuce.YoctoLib package is listed in the project references
Here you are. There is nothing else to do. When compiling, the dynamic libraries are automatically copied with the executable in the output directory.
Note that all the versions of the "yapi" dynamic library are copied, including the Linux and macOS versions. This means that you can directly use the application under Linux or macOS with Mono. You only need to copy the complete directory and to run the executable with Mono.
.NET Core 2.x
We are going to see how to implement the same application but this time under Linux using .NET Core 2.2.
Under Linux, there is no IDE, but only the dotnet tool which enables you to compile and run a .NET Core project.
We start by creating a new project of type "console" with the new command and the "console" option:
yocto@linux-laptop:~/demo$ dotnet new console
Then, we must edit the Program.cs file to add the code of our example in the Main() function.
Before compiling the project, we need the Yoctopuce.YoctoLib package. For this we use the add package command with the name of the Yoctopuce package.
yocto@linux-laptop:~/demo$ dotnet add package Yoctopuce.YoctoLib
Then you can directly run the executable with the run command:
yocto@linux-laptop:~/demo$ dotnet run Device list LIGHTMK3-A10AB (Yocto-Light-V3) yocto@linux-laptop:~/demo$
Conclusion
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8582
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https://stackify.com/net-core-vs-net-framework/
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.NET core vs .NET framework
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"Stackify"
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2023-09-06T07:00:00+00:00
|
Wondering about the difference between .NET Core & .NET Framework? Here’s a quick guide on how to pick the right runtime environment for your .NET applications
|
en
|
Stackify
|
https://stackify.com/net-core-vs-net-framework/
|
.NET Core vs .NET Framework: How to Pick a .NET Runtime for an Application
A while back we predicted that .NET Core would be the next big thing, offering developers many options in application development. Indeed, there is huge demand for developers skilled in this technology. But how does it differ from the .NET Framework, and what do you need to know to use them both effectively?
Today, we’ll contrast .NET Core vs. .NET Framework to help you choose which one to use for your next project. In this post, we’ll explain their key differences and how to make the best use of each. Let’s begin with a background on .NET.
Historically, the .NET Framework has only worked on Windows devices. The Xamarin and Mono projects worked to bring .NET to mobile devices, macOS and Linux. Now, .NET Core provides a standard base library that’s usable across Windows, Linux, macOS and mobile devices (via Xamarin).
There are four major components of .NET architecture:
Common language specification (CLS) defines how objects are implemented so they work everywhere .NET works. CLS is a subset of Common Type System (CTS) – which sets a common way to describe all types
Framework class library (FCL) is a standard library that collects reusable classes, interfaces and value types
Common language runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine that runs the framework and manages the execution of .NET programs
Visual Studio is used to create standalone applications, interactive websites, web applications and web services
.NET Core vs .NET Framework
Microsoft maintains both runtimes for building applications with .NET while sharing many of the same APIs. This shared API is called the .NET Standard.
Image via Wikipedia
Developers use the .NET Framework to create Windows desktop and server-based applications. This includes ASP.NET web applications. On the other hand, .NET Core is used to create server applications that run on Windows, Linux and Mac. It does not currently support creating desktop applications with a user interface. Developers can write applications and libraries in VB.NET, C# and F# in both runtimes.
C# is an object-oriented language similar to other C-style languages. The learning curve should not be a problem for developers already working with C and similar languages.
F# is a cross-platform language that also uses object-oriented programming.
Visual Basic is available in .NET Framework with limited .NET Core support with .NET Core 2.0.
When to Use .NET Core
A cross-platform and open-source framework, .NET Core is best when developing applications on any platform. .NET Core is used for cloud applications or refactoring large enterprise applications into microservices.
Screenshot via Microsoft.com
You should use .NET Core when:
There are cross-platform needs. Use it when the application needs to run across multiple platforms such as Windows, Linux and macOS. Those operating systems are supported as development workstations (and the list of supported operating systems is growing):
Visual Studio is compatible on Windows with a new limited version on macOS
Visual Studio Code can be used on Windows, Linux and macOS
All supported platforms allow the use of the command line
Using Microservices. Microservices, a form of service-oriented architecture, are software applications consisting of small, modular business services. Each service can run a unique process, be deployed independently and be created in different programming applications. .NET Core allows a mix of technologies, is lightweight and scalable for each microservice
Working with Docker containers. Containers and microservices architecture are often used together. Because it is lightweight and modular, .NET Core works very well with containers. You can deploy cross-platform server apps to Docker containers. .NET Framework works with containers, but the image size is larger
You have high-performance and scalable system needs. Microsoft recommends running .NET Core with ASP.NET Core for the best performance and scale. This becomes important when using hundreds of microservices. In such a case, a lower number of servers and virtual machines is best. The efficiency and scalability gained should translate to a better user experience in addition to cost savings
You are running multiple .NET versions side-by-side. To install applications with dependencies on different versions of frameworks in .NET, developers need to use .NET Core. Multiple services are executable on the same server with different versions of .NET
You want command line interface (CLI) control. Some developers prefer working in lightweight editors and command line control. .NET Core has a CLI for all supported platforms and requires minimal installation on production machines. And, there still is the opportunity to switch to an IDE, such as Visual Studio IDE
When Not to Use .NET Core
.NET Core does not have some of the .NET features nor support for all libraries and extensions. As such, you may encounter a few situations in which .NET Core may not be the best option (though continued development will likely eliminate this drawback). Consider the following scenarios:
Windows Forms and WPF applications are not supported – You still have to use Mono to make a .NET desktop application for macOS
ASP.NET WebForms don’t exist – Though Microsoft provides strategies for migrating ASP.NET Web Forms apps
You need to create a WCF service – .NET Core does not currently support WCF. Instead, you would need to make a REST API with ASP.NET Core MVC
Missing 3rd-party library support – .NET Core provides a compatibility shim between .NET Framework and .NET Core. But, you may still have issues with compatibility if the class library uses any .NET Framework APIs that are not supported (though this will help bridge a lot of class libraries to .NET Core)
Missing .NET Framework features – Some .NET Framework functionality is still missing in .NET Core. For example, Entity Framework Core is not the exact same as Entity Framework v6
You need to access Windows-specific APIs – If your application needs to work with the Windows Registry (WMI or other Windows specific APIs), it won’t work with .NET Core. It is designed to be more sandboxed away from the OS
Partial support for VB.NET and F# – Microsoft and the community continue to work on this but it’s not yet 100%
Developers Should Use .NET Framework When…
.NET Framework is distributed with Windows. Generally, it is used to build Windows desktop and large-scale enterprise applications using .NET workflow and data connection tools.
The .NET Framework provides services that include:
Memory management
Type and memory safety
Security
Networking
Application deployment
Data structures
APIs
.NET Framework can be used with Docker and Windows Containers and is most feasible when:
It is already being used – Instead of migrating, extend the application. For example, developers can write a new web service in ASP.NET Core
You’re using third-party libraries or NuGet packages not available in .NET Core – Despite .NET Core’s popularity, you’ll need to use the .NET Framework when working with libraries that aren’t compatible with .NET Core. NuGet is the free and open source package manager for .NET and other Microsoft development platforms. The NuGet ecosystem includes client tools that provide the ability to produce and consume packages. It also has a central package repository for package authors and consumers. It is available as a Visual Studio extension
You’re using technologies not yet available in .NET Core – .NET Core does not support all .NET Framework technologies. These not-yet-available technologies include:
ASP.NET Web Forms applications (no plans to port)
ASP.NET Web Pages applications (plans to port)
ASP.NET SignalR server/client implementation (plans to port)
WCF services implementation (no plans to migrate, but it is being considered)
Workflow related services (no plans to port) including Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Workflow Services (WCF + WF in a single service), and WCF Data Services (formerly known as “ADO.NET Data Services”)
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Windows Forms (no plans to port)
The platform does not support .NET Core – Again, not all Microsoft and third-party platforms support it, such as some of Azure’s services. You may encounter some issues even with supported services, which comes with the territory. With .NET Core increasingly gaining traction, it’s becoming easier to find tutorials and workarounds for issues you may encounter. For instance, we encountered a 502.5 Process Failure when trying to start an Azure App Service. So, we published a post offering guidance for others who encounter the same issue
When Not to Run .NET Framework
There are also a few situations in which you shouldn’t run the .NET Framework. These include when:
Multiple OS platforms are required
High performance and scalability are needed
.NET Core works
Open source framework is required
How to Port from .NET Framework to .NET Core
If and when you decide to migrate your .NET Framework to .NET Core, follow these steps (after a proper assessment, of course):
1. Analyze Third Party Dependencies
More than just knowing what the third-party dependencies are, you need to understand how the application functions with the third-party dependencies that run on .NET Core. You also need to be aware of what needs to be done if they do not run.
NuGet packages are easy to check plus the package has a set of folders for each platform. You can also look for a folder or entry on the Dependencies page with any of the following names:
netstandard1.0 netstandard1.1 netstandard1.2 netstandard1.3 netstandard1.4 netstandard1.5 netstandard1.6 netcoreapp1.0 portable-net45-win8 portable-win8-wpa8 portable-net451-win81 portable-net45-win8-wpa8-wpa81
If the dependencies are not NuGet packages, the ApiPort tool can check the portability of the dependency.
Since .NET Core 2.0, a compatibility shim allows referencing .NET Framework packages that haven’t been switched to use .NET Standard. Be sure to thoroughly test these packages as they may still have issues if they use unsupported APIs.
2. Target the .NET Standard Library
The .NET Standard library is intended to be available on all .NET runtimes. So, targeting the .NET Standard library is the best way to build a cross-platform class library.
There are multiple versions to consider that are available to varying degrees across eight platforms. If a project targets a lower version, it cannot reference a project that targets a higher version. Pick the lowest possible .NET Standard version to use across all projects. Below is a chart with each .NET Standard version that shows the specific areas they run on:
Screenshot via Microsoft.com
3. Retarget Projects
All the projects to be ported need to be targeted to .NET Framework 4.6.2. This will ensure API alternatives for .NET Framework specific targets can be used for non-supported APIs.
This is done easily in Visual Studio with a “Target Framework” command and recompiling the projects.
4. Port Tests Code
Porting code to .NET Core is a significant change; testing is strongly encouraged. Use a suitable testing framework such as:
xUnit
NUnit
MSTest
With tools like xUnit, it’s possible to use templates and edit them to write .NET Core tests. Here’s an example of an edited .csproj file:
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp1.1</TargetFramework> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.3.0-beta2-build3683" /> <DotNetCliToolReference Include="dotnet-xunit" Version="2.3.0-beta2-build3683" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
5. Execute the Porting Plan
The best way to port the code depends on how the framework is structured. But breaking the code base into steps and layers should work well. Here is how to do it:
Identify the “base” of the library. This base could be the data models or classes and methods that everything else needs to use
Copy the base into a new .NET Core project
Make any changes needed to compile the code
Copy another layer of code and repeat
Then There is Xamarin
Xamarin may sound like a new prescription medication. However, Xamarin is a platform for developing apps that run on iOS, Android or Windows Phone devices.
Xamarin is written in C# and available in all editions of Visual Studio.
Microsoft promises that Xamarin is the best way to create a user interface (UI) and optimize performance in apps on multiple platforms. This is important today when apps need to run on at least iOS and Android devices.
Xamarin shares code across platforms and uses a single technology stack to decrease time to market and engineering costs. But user interface-intensive apps may need more platform-specific coding. The amount of code sharing and savings then decreases.
More .NET Platforms on .NET Standards
In addition to .NET Framework, .NET Core and Xamarin, .NET Standards also supports the following platforms:
Mono – An open-source .NET created before Xamarin and Microsoft collaborated. It is based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Infrastructure. In addition to C#, developers can use VB 8, Java, Python, Ruby, Eiffel, F# and Oxygene
Universal Windows Platform – Software platform created by Microsoft to help develop apps that run on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One, IoT and Hololens devices. Developers can use C++, C#, VB.NET and XAML
Windows – versions 8.0 and 8.1 are supported
Windows Phone – Windows Phone was primarily developed for the consumer market and replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in 2015
Windows Phone Silverlight – The deprecated application framework was designed to run internet applications and compete with Adobe Flash
All these platforms will implement .NET Standards – a common set of APIs that replace portable class libraries (PCLs). This ensures code sharing across desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games and cloud services.
It’s important to always have a good APM in place for your .NET application. Retrace is a great full lifecycle option that you can try for free.
You can also try Netreo’s free code profiler Prefix to write better code on your workstation. Prefix works with .NET, Java, PHP, Node.js, Ruby and Python.
Improve Your Code with Retrace APM
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Explore Retrace's product features to learn more.
App Performance Management
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Centralized Logging
App & Server Metrics
Learn More
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/what-is-nuget
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en
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What is NuGet and what does it do?
|
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2022-10-11T22:32:00+00:00
|
A comprehensive introduction to what NuGet is and does
|
en
|
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/what-is-nuget
|
An introduction to NuGet
An essential tool for any modern development platform is a mechanism through which developers can create, share, and consume useful code. Often such code is bundled into "packages" that contain compiled code (as DLLs) along with other content needed in the projects that consume these packages.
For .NET (including .NET Core), the Microsoft-supported mechanism for sharing code is NuGet, which defines how packages for .NET are created, hosted, and consumed, and provides the tools for each of those roles.
Put simply, a NuGet package is a single ZIP file with the .nupkg extension that contains compiled code (DLLs), other files related to that code, and a descriptive manifest that includes information like the package's version number. Developers with code to share create packages and publish them to a public or private host. Package consumers obtain those packages from suitable hosts, add them to their projects, and then call a package's functionality in their project code. NuGet itself then handles all of the intermediate details.
Because NuGet supports private hosts alongside the public nuget.org host, you can use NuGet packages to share code that's exclusive to an organization or a work group. You can also use NuGet packages as a convenient way to factor your own code for use in nothing but your own projects. In short, a NuGet package is a shareable unit of code, but does not require nor imply any particular means of sharing.
The flow of packages between creators, hosts, and consumers
In its role as a public host, NuGet itself maintains the central repository of over 100,000 unique packages at nuget.org. These packages are employed by millions of .NET/.NET Core developers every day. NuGet also enables you to host packages privately in the cloud (such as on Azure DevOps), on a private network, or even on just your local file system. By doing so, those packages are available to only those developers that have access to the host, giving you the ability to make packages available to a specific group of consumers. The options are explained on Hosting your own NuGet feeds. Through configuration options, you can also control exactly which hosts can be accessed by any given computer, thereby ensuring that packages are obtained from specific sources rather than a public repository like nuget.org.
Whatever its nature, a host serves as the point of connection between package creators and package consumers. Creators build useful NuGet packages and publish them to a host. Consumers then search for useful and compatible packages on accessible hosts, downloading and including those packages in their projects. Once installed in a project, the packages' APIs are available to the rest of the project code.
Package targeting compatibility
A "compatible" package means that it contains assemblies built for at least one target .NET framework that's compatible with the consuming project's target framework. Developers can create packages that are specific to one framework, as with UWP controls, or they can support a wider range of targets. To maximize a package's compatibility, developers target .NET Standard, which all .NET and .NET Core projects can consume. This is the most efficient means for both creators and consumers, as a single package (usually containing a single assembly) works for all consuming projects.
Package developers who require APIs outside of .NET Standard, on the other hand, create separate assemblies for the different target frameworks they want to support and include all of those assemblies in the same package (which is called "multi-targeting"). When a consumer installs such a package, NuGet extracts only those assemblies that are needed by the project. This minimizes the package's footprint in the final application and/or assemblies produced by that project. A multi-targeting package is, of course, more difficult for its creator to maintain.
In addition to hosting support, NuGet also provides a variety of tools used by both creators and consumers. See Installing NuGet client tools for how to obtain specific tools.
Tool Platforms Applicable Scenarios Description dotnet CLI All Creation, Consumption CLI tool for .NET Core and .NET Standard libraries, and for SDK-style projects that target .NET Framework (see SDK attribute). Provides certain NuGet CLI capabilities directly within the .NET Core tool chain. As with the nuget.exe CLI, the dotnet CLI does not interact with Visual Studio projects. nuget.exe CLI All Creation, Consumption CLI tool for .NET Framework libraries and non-SDK-style projects that target .NET Standard libraries. Provides all NuGet capabilities, with some commands applying specifically to package creators, some applying only to consumers, and others applying to both. For example, package creators use the nuget pack command to create a package from various assemblies and related files, package consumers use nuget install to include packages in a project folder, and everyone uses nuget config to set NuGet configuration variables. As a platform-agnostic tool, the NuGet CLI does not interact with Visual Studio projects. Package Manager Console Visual Studio on Windows Consumption Provides PowerShell commands for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio projects. Package Manager UI Visual Studio on Windows Consumption Provides an easy-to-use UI for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio projects. Manage NuGet UI Visual Studio for Mac Consumption Provide an easy-to-use UI for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio for Mac projects. MSBuild Windows Creation, Consumption Provides the ability to create packages and restore packages used in a project directly through the MSBuild tool chain.
As you can see, the NuGet tools you work with depend greatly on whether you're creating, consuming, or publishing packages, and the platform on which you're working. Package creators are typically also consumers, as they build on top of functionality that exists in other NuGet packages. And those packages, of course, may in turn depend on still others.
For more information, start with the Package creation workflow and Package consumption workflow articles.
Managing dependencies
The ability to easily build on the work of others is one of most powerful features of a package management system. Accordingly, much of what NuGet does is managing that dependency tree or "graph" on behalf of a project. Simply said, you need only concern yourself with those packages that you're directly using in a project. If any of those packages themselves consume other packages (which can, in turn, consume still others), NuGet takes care of all those down-level dependencies.
The following image shows a project that depends on five packages, which in turn depend on a number of others.
Notice that some packages appear multiple times in the dependency graph. For example, there are three different consumers of package B, and each consumer might also specify a different version for that package (not shown). This is a common occurrence, especially for widely-used packages. NuGet fortunately does all the hard work to determine exactly which version of package B satisfies all consumers. NuGet then does the same for all other packages, no matter how deep the dependency graph.
For more details on how NuGet performs this service, see Dependency resolution.
Tracking references and restoring packages
Because projects can easily move between developer computers, source control repositories, build servers, and so forth, it's highly impractical to keep the binary assemblies of NuGet packages directly bound to a project. Doing so would make each copy of the project unnecessarily bloated (and thereby waste space in source control repositories). It would also make it very difficult to update package binaries to newer versions as updates would have to be applied across all copies of the project.
NuGet instead maintains a simple reference list of the packages upon which a project depends, including both top-level and down-level dependencies. That is, whenever you install a package from some host into a project, NuGet records the package identifier and version number in the reference list. (Uninstalling a package, of course, removes it from the list.) NuGet then provides a means to restore all referenced packages upon request, as described on Package restore.
With only the reference list, NuGet can then reinstallâthat is, restoreâall of those packages from public and/or private hosts at any later time. When committing a project to source control, or sharing it in some other way, you include only the reference list and exclude any package binaries (see Packages and source control.)
The computer that receives a project, such as a build server obtaining a copy of the project as part of an automated deployment system, simply asks NuGet to restore dependencies whenever they're needed. Build systems like Azure DevOps provide "NuGet restore" steps for this exact purpose. Similarly, when developers obtain a copy of a project (as when cloning a repository), they can invoke command like nuget restore (NuGet CLI), dotnet restore (dotnet CLI), or Install-Package (Package Manager Console) to obtain all the necessary packages. Visual Studio, for its part, automatically restores packages when building a project (provided that automatic restore is enabled, as described on Package restore).
Clearly, then, NuGet's primary role where developers are concerned is maintaining that reference list on behalf of your project and providing the means to efficiently restore (and update) those referenced packages. This list is maintained in one of two package management formats, as they're called:
PackageReference (or "package references in project files") | (NuGet 4.0+) Maintains a list of a project's top-level dependencies directly within the project file, so no separate file is needed. An associated file, obj/project.assets.json, is dynamically generated to manage the overall dependency graph of the packages that a project uses along with all down-level dependencies. PackageReference is always used by .NET Core projects.
packages.config: (NuGet 1.0+) An XML file that maintains a flat list of all dependencies in the project, including the dependencies of other installed packages. Installed or restored packages are stored in a packages folder.
Which package management format is employed in any given project depends on the project type, and the available version of NuGet (and/or Visual Studio). To check what format is being used, simply look for packages.config in the project root after installing your first package. If you don't have that file, look in the project file directly for a <PackageReference> element.
When you have a choice, we recommend using PackageReference. packages.config is maintained for legacy purposes and is no longer under active development.
What else does NuGet do?
So far you've learned the following characteristics of NuGet:
NuGet provides the central nuget.org repository with support for private hosting.
NuGet provides the tools developers need for creating, publishing, and consuming packages.
Most importantly, NuGet maintains a reference list of packages used in a project and the ability to restore and update those packages from that list.
To make these processes work efficiently, NuGet does some behind-the-scenes optimizations. Most notably, NuGet manages a package cache and a global packages folder to shortcut installation and reinstallation. The cache avoids downloading a package that's already been installed on the machine. The global packages folder allows multiple projects to share the same installed package, thereby reducing NuGet's overall footprint on the computer. The cache and global packages folder are also very helpful when you're frequently restoring a larger number of packages, as on a build server. For more details on these mechanisms, see Managing the global packages and cache folders.
Within an individual project, NuGet manages the overall dependency graph, which again includes resolving multiple references to different versions of the same package. It's quite common that a project takes a dependency on one or more packages that themselves have the same dependencies. Some of the most useful utility packages on nuget.org are employed by many other packages. In the entire dependency graph, then, you could easily have ten different references to different versions of the same package. To avoid bringing multiple versions of that package into the application itself, NuGet sorts out which single version can be used by all consumers. (For more information, see Dependency Resolution.)
Beyond that, NuGet maintains all the specifications related to how packages are structured (including localization and debug symbols) and how they are referenced (including version ranges and pre-release versions.) NuGet also provides various APIs to work with its services programmatically, and provides support for developers who write Visual Studio extensions and project templates.
Take a moment to browse the table of contents for this documentation, and you see all of these capabilities represented there, along with release notes dating back to NuGet's beginnings.
Related video
Find more NuGet videos on Channel 9 and YouTube.
Finally, we very much welcome comments and contributions to this documentationâjust select the Feedback and Edit commands on the top of any page, or visit the docs repository and docs issue list on GitHub.
We also welcome contributions to NuGet itself through its various GitHub repositories; NuGet issues can be found on https://github.com/NuGet/home/issues.
Enjoy your NuGet experience!
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https://www.jetbrains.com/help/rider/Creating_NuGet_packages.html
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Create NuGet packages
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[
"https://resources.jetbrains.com/help/img/rider/2024.2/project_properties_nuget.png"
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JetBrains Rider Help
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https://www.jetbrains.com/help/rider/Creating_NuGet_packages.html
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.NET Core projects
You can quickly create a NuGet package for your .NET or .NET Standard project â right-click the project in the Solution Explorer and choose Advanced Build Actions | Pack Selected Project from context menu. JetBrains Rider will create NuGet packages using the dotnet pack command.
Optionally, you can integrate creating a NuGet package for a project into the project build. To configure this and other NuGet preferences, right-click your .NET Core or .NET Standard project in the solution explorer, choose Properties and then select NuGet in the project properties dialog.
.NET projects targeting .NET Framework
JetBrains Rider does not provide any tools for creating NuGet packages for traditional .NET projects. As soon as you build an assembly from your .NET project, you can use tools such as NuGet Package Explorer or create packages from the command line as described on the Microsoft website.
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Newest 'nuget?tab=active&page=2' Questions
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Stack Overflow | The World’s Largest Online Community for Developers
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https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196
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Stack Overflow
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/nuget%3Ftab=active&page=2
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dbpedia
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2
| 17
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https://www.altexsoft.com/blog/the-good-and-the-bad-of-net-framework-programming/
|
en
|
What is .NET Framework? .Net Programming Explained
|
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""
] | null |
[
"Editor"
] |
2021-12-24T00:00:00+00:00
|
What is .NET Framework and when to use it? The differences between .NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET Standard.
|
en
|
AltexSoft
|
https://www.altexsoft.com/blog/the-good-and-the-bad-of-net-framework-programming/
|
Besides all that, it’s the very first release that has native support for Apple Silicon (macOS Arm64) and improved support for Windows Arm64.
We will partly cover what’s new in .NET 6 in the paragraphs below. Find more information on the Microsoft blog post.
What is the .NET development platform
.NET comes in four flavors: .NET Framework, .NET Core, Xamarin, and Universal Windows Platform (UWP).
These implementations combined are called the .NET development platform. Each contains frameworks and libraries for building various applications.
.NET Framework
The .NET Framework released back in 2002 is the first and oldest implementation of the platform. It includes three main application models – WPF, Windows Forms, ASP.NET Forms – and Base Class Library.
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a UI framework for creating graphical interfaces, primarily for desktop client applications on Windows OS. It uses the capabilities of Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML).
Windows Forms is a GUI class library within the .NET Framework. Windows Forms are used to develop desktop applications with rich graphics that are easy to update and deploy.
ASP.NET. While the previous two components are designed for desktop engineering ASP.NET is used to develop dynamic websites and web applications. There is the Common Language Runtime (CLR) in its core that gives developers the opportunity to write ASP.NET code using different .NET languages that we discuss below.
Base Class Library (BCL) provides the most common functionality, such as classes in namespaces, and is the core of the Framework Class Library (FCL), a set of reusable interfaces, classes, and value types that are closely integrated with the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The combination of FCL and CLR constitutes the .NET Framework. The base class library also includes ADO.NET, data access technology used by developers to access databases.
As the .NET Framework supports only Windows-based devices, there was a need for a cross-platform package.
Learn how AltexSoft implemented a blog section using the .NET Framework
.NET Core
.NET Core was released in 2016. It’s a cross-platform version of the .NET Framework: Engineers can now use the product on Linux and macOS and create applications that aren’t necessarily tied to the Windows family. The new system aims at conquering the cloud space as some providers like Digital Ocean are Linux-driven. Not only is .NET Core cross-platform, but its different versions can also be installed side by side on the same device. .NET Core includes ASP.NET Core and Universal Windows Platform (UWP).
ASP.NET Core is a cross-platform rebuild of ASP.NET that is a more modular framework than its predecessor. It allows you to build the mobile backend, web apps, and services.
In .NET 6, ASP.NET Core has many new features, including Hot Reload, which enables the application of changes to C#, Visual Basic, and CSS source files without having to restart or rebuild the app (the app is running while you are updating the code).
Xamarin
The third implementation is called Xamarin and is used for mobile applications and Mac products. Originally, Xamarin was designed independently of Microsoft and was a proprietary product. Then Microsoft acquired it in 2016 making it a fully open-source branch of the .NET platform. Xamarin uses the Mono runtime and a version of the .NET Framework adjusted to work with APIs for iOS, Android, and Xamarin.Mac.
To get an elaborate overview of this product, check our Xamarin pros and cons article.
Prior to the .NET Standard, a programmer had to redevelop an application or a library for the new platform and then distribute all the updates across various platforms. Currently, the library supports all dependent libraries across applications. However, you should check version compatibility to leverage the .NET Standard successfully
.NET popularity and community
For those of you who are wondering just how popular .NET is, a large community of developers is the answer. Interestingly, it unites engineers from small, midsize, and enterprise-grade companies. This means that almost any issue can be resolved with the help of community members.
Since .NET Core is open source, its libraries, runtime, and compiler are available on GitHub and have many contributions. According to the Stack Overflow 2021 survey, ASP.NET took fifth place among the most popular web frameworks. At the same time, the .NET Framework with .NET 5 and .NET Core placed first and second, respectively, as the most used frameworks beyond web development.
Besides that, the .NET Foundation fosters open development and teamwork around the .NET ecosystem. .NET community and commercial developers use it as the main forum for idea exchange.
Automatic monitoring in ASP.NET
ASP.NET has built-in automatic monitoring. The Windows Web Server strictly monitors web pages and applications that run on it. If any issues, such as memory leaks or infinite loops, occur, it immediately alerts about them. This allows for directly correcting these behaviors and creating new processes. The monitoring ensures higher stability and transparency of .NET applications.
Powerful Roslyn and RyuJIT compilers
.NET uses two compilers, Roslyn, to compile C# or VB code into CIL (common intermediate language), and RyuJIT, to run just-in-time compilation of CIL into native code. Both compilers are highly regarded by the .NET community as Microsoft actively improves them.
Roslyn has been available since 2011. In 2014, it became open source and in 2015 was included in Visual Studio. In addition to being open source, Roslyn exposes APIs to offer rich code analysis for the developer. This means that, unlike traditional black-box compilation, with Roslyn, developers can read the compilation data at every stage.
RyuJIT is responsible for compiling CIL to byte code. The full transition from the old JIT was completed in 2018 with the idea of improved performance. And, generally, engineers agree that RyuJIT is faster.
According to .NET 5 Preview 1 and Preview 2 released in the spring of 2020, numerous improvements to RyuJIT were made to enhance the quality of the machine code generated by JIT (“code quality,” as Microsoft specialists call it). “In summary, about half of the following improvements are actual new optimizations, and the other half is due to changing the flow of RyuJIT to enable existing optimizations to apply to more code patterns,” noted .NET Team Program Manager Richard Lander.
Active Microsoft support
Since .NET is Microsoft’s platform technology you would expect the company to actively support and develop it. But the point is, Microsoft is really good at what they are doing. Perhaps there’s no other technology company with such a full and coherent ecosystem that checks off all boxes for engineers, from IDEs and frameworks to cloud services.
Microsoft does its best to evolve. The transition to .NET Core was a major step in terms of ecosystem development, as it embraced the cloud and focused on performance improvements.
In 2018, Microsoft introduced the ML.NET framework for C# and F# languages. Also, let’s keep in mind the releases of .NET 5 and .NET 6 are already here with .NET 7 being projected for 2022.
Relatively easy migration from .NET 5 to .NET 6
If you keep your applications constantly updated with the newest .NET versions, migrating from .NET 5.0 to .NET 6.0 won’t be a big headache. You first change the target framework from .NET 5.0 to .NET 6.0 on the Properties of your projects in Visual Studio 2022. Then you upgrade the rest of the packages within the project and run QA processes to see how everything performs.
Unlike the above, the migration from .NET Framework to .NET Core or between some .NET Core versions is not a walk in the park. In case your projects are based on earlier versions like .NET Core 3.1, migrating the app to .NET 5 before making the move towards the latest release is recommended.
Disadvantages of .NET development
Even though .NET is considered one of the strongest engineering platforms out there due to extensive infrastructure and proven product development history, it comes with a set of problems.
Limited Object-Relational Support
As we mentioned above, .NET uses the object-oriented programming (OOP) language model. This model is centered around objects rather than “actions” and data rather than logic. The support of data-oriented software application development in the .NET Framework and Core is provided by the Entity Framework.
An entity is an object-relational mapper (ORM) that links object-oriented .NET Framework and relational (SQL) databases. Some engineers believe Entity Framework isn’t flexible enough and may not support all available database designs. This also means that there’s a chance that, at some point, Entity Framework may not be supporting new database designs. Another problem is that the framework may eventually be abandoned by Microsoft.
On the bright side, you can always choose another ORM alternative, so it remains a debatable point.
Licensing cost
Building .NET apps isn’t cheap, regardless of open source technologies. Mostly, your expenses will be spent on Visual Studio IDE and other additional collaboration and quality assurance services that Microsoft offers to simplify your work.
As of today, the business version of Visual Studio will cost you $45/month for every user. An enterprise release that includes various cloud, enterprise mobility, QA features, and more will be $250 per month per user. However, you still can try to become a Microsoft Partner to have a number of subscriptions for free. For non-profit and educational purposes, there is also the free Visual Studio Community.
Even though you can use .NET Core on Mac and Linux machines, the best way is to use Windows for .NET engineering, which also comes with licensing costs.
The barrier will be even higher if you’ve never used Microsoft products before and you have to migrate from, say, the AWS cloud ecosystem to Azure.
The gap between release and stability
Perhaps, this problem cripples all Microsoft products, not the .NET stack only. But it’s definitely worth mentioning. The newly released products lack proper documentation, support, and stability and are prone to drastic changes. In one of the AltexSoft projects, our architects decided to use a fresh DocumentDB (now Azure Cosmos DB) but then were forced to design custom data architecture as the product suffered a number of technical issues that could jeopardize the entire project.
One of Y Combinator users has vividly described this issue: “My problem with these kinds of Microsoft technology evangelism articles/videos is that it always seems like Microsoft has juuuust gotten their new hotness to work, and is telling the world that it’s awesome, and ready for production. Then you go to implement it, and as soon as you leave the perfect world of their demo, it all falls apart, and THEN you find out the docs were written for the beta version and no longer apply, so you’re left guessing at the right invocation signature for the method you need.”
At the same time, Microsoft keeps working on this issue, and the company’s latest long-term support (LTS) .NET 6 release is claimed to have 3 years of official support and proper documentation on use and migration.
Memory leaks
Memory leaks are not uncommon in any technology. Simply put, the framework doesn’t release the memory that it no longer needs. .NET is frequently criticized for memory leaks and memory-related issues. Although .NET has a garbage collector for this sort of problem, engineers still have to invest additional efforts into proper resource management. And the leaks keep on growing as the application scales.
Fortunately, engineers can find detailed and effective recommendations for detecting leaks in .NET.
Bumpy transition to .NET Core
.NET Core is the next big step in Microsoft’s platform development. As always happens, the transition period may be long and difficult. The applications built with the old .NET Framework outnumber those with .NET Core. And it doesn’t necessarily mean that all of them will experience this transition. In corporate environments, the transition may not be prioritized as much. Nonetheless, these systems need support.
Another related problem here is that the mature .NET Framework had many supporting projects around it. For example, many developers expressed concerns about abandoning Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), a runtime and API set for service-oriented applications used by many .NET practitioners.
Microsoft decided not to port WCF to Core. Instead, they leveraged community effort, as one of the .NET Foundation team members donated an open-source alternative, Core WCF. Again, this isn’t directly managed by Microsoft, nor does it provide full compatibility with the original WCF. Developers will have to spend a little extra effort to complete a transition.
Scott Hunter, from .NET program management, posted that you won’t find ASP.NET Web Forms, .NET Remoting, and some other services in .NET Core. They’ll be gone for good, freeing the way for new technologies.
When to use the .NET
Scalable products. Usually, business needs are growing and your software has to scale with it. .NET provides a scalable environment and allows for redesigning ongoing applications in order to match the growing needs of the business.
Cross-platform needs. In case you need an app that works across platforms, .NET will be a great choice as most platforms are covered and you can reduce development effort while expanding your desktop or mobile app to other operating systems. Also, .NET can be used for such specific engineering cases as gaming (including Xbox) and AR development (including HoloLens).
Enterprise-scale infrastructures. It’s still a debatable point whether .NET is designed mostly for enterprise use. But Microsoft makes sure it provides the widest toolset possible to build and cross-integrate enterprise products, both internal and public ones. It also supports a robust enterprise mobility ecosystem.
This article is a part of our “The Good and the Bad” series. If you are interested in web development, take a look at our blog post on the
The Good and the Bad of Pandas Data Analysis Library
The Good and the Bad of Terraform Infrastructure-as-Code Tool
The Good and the Bad of the Elasticsearch Search and Analytics Engine
The Good and the Bad of Kubernetes Container Orchestration
The Good and the Bad of Docker Containers
The Good and the Bad of Apache Airflow
The Good and the Bad of Apache Kafka Streaming Platform
The Good and the Bad of Hadoop Big Data Framework
The Good and the Bad of Snowflake
The Good and the Bad of C# Programming
The Good and the Bad of .Net Framework Programming
The Good and the Bad of Java Programming
The Good and the Bad of Swift Programming Language
The Good and the Bad of Angular Development
The Good and the Bad of TypeScript
The Good and the Bad of React Development
The Good and the Bad of React Native App Development
The Good and the Bad of Vue.js Framework Programming
The Good and the Bad of Node.js Web App Development
The Good and the Bad of Flutter App Development
The Good and the Bad of Xamarin Mobile Development
The Good and the Bad of Ionic Mobile Development
The Good and the Bad of Android App Development
The Good and the Bad of Katalon Studio Automation Testing Tool
The Good and the Bad of Selenium Test Automation Software
The Good and the Bad of Ranorex GUI Test Automation Tool
The Good and the Bad of the SAP Business Intelligence Platform
The Good and the Bad of Firebase Backend Services
The Good and the Bad of Serverless Architecture
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https://mattfrear.com/2017/11/29/speed-up-development-in-a-nuget-package-centric-solution/
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en
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Speed up development in a NuGet package-centric solution
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c46345fb58461a9cdde554603c9ac4dc2c86e20dc65329400adcf0b695598bef?s=200&ts=1724035167
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c46345fb58461a9cdde554603c9ac4dc2c86e20dc65329400adcf0b695598bef?s=200&ts=1724035167
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""
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[] |
2017-11-29T00:00:00
|
As microservices architectures become more popular, so increases usage of NuGet as a way of sharing code amongst separate services. The last few projects I've worked on have typically contained a number of "Core" NuGet packages with shared code and interfaces that are consumed by one or more services in the solution. Our build pipeline…
|
en
|
https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/c46345fb58461a9cdde554603c9ac4dc2c86e20dc65329400adcf0b695598bef?s=32
|
Matt's work blog
|
https://mattfrear.com/2017/11/29/speed-up-development-in-a-nuget-package-centric-solution/
| |||
8582
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dbpedia
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0
| 9
|
https://abhishek-ankush.medium.com/creating-custom-nuget-package-in-c-f620c3c67cd8
|
en
|
Creating Custom NuGet Package in C#
|
[
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"https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fill:88:88/1*QwlgROvqbLOwOc1scSxzyg.jpeg",
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[
""
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[
"Abhishek Ankush",
"abhishek-ankush.medium.com"
] |
2024-01-21T11:18:10.115000+00:00
|
While working in enterprise level projects we create a lot of common code which reduces considerable amount of extra lines. There are multiple ways to create it i.e. common projects, utilities…
|
en
|
https://miro.medium.com/v2/5d8de952517e8160e40ef9841c781cdc14a5db313057fa3c3de41c6f5b494b19
|
Medium
|
https://abhishek-ankush.medium.com/creating-custom-nuget-package-in-c-f620c3c67cd8
|
While working in enterprise level projects we create a lot of common code which reduces considerable amount of extra lines. There are multiple ways to create it i.e. common projects, utilities, libraries etc.
For C# project we can create these as NuGet packages.
This blog is an attempt to create step-by-step guide for creating custom NuGet packages.
Overview
NuGet is the package manager for the Microsoft development platform, allowing developers to easily consume and distribute reusable components.
A NuGet package is a collection of code, assets, and metadata in a single file with the .nupkg extension. It is a standard way of packaging and distributing libraries, tools, and other code artifacts in the .NET ecosystem.
So if we have a piece of component developed for reuse, we can create them as NuGet Package in .Net.
Characteristics of NuGet package
Packaging format: NuGet packages have the file extension .nupkg
Metadata: It includes metadata specifying information about the package, such as its name, version, author, description, dependencies, and other relevant details in xml files named .nuspec
Versioning: It should contain Semantic versioning (SemVer), where versions are expressed as MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH to help users understand the compatibility and impact of package updates
Dependencies: It specify dependencies on other NuGet packages, ensuring that the necessary dependencies are installed when a package is used.
Target Frameworks: It can be built to target specific .NET frameworks or versions, allowing developers to consume packages that are compatible with their project’s target framework
Creating custom NuGet package
Steps:
Create library project
Update Assembly information
Package configuration in .nuspec file
build the library
Create NuGet Package using nuget.exe
Use the package locally without publishing
Publishing the library to public NuGet manager
Publishing the library to custom NuGet locations
Create library project: Use Visual studio to create a class library project. Update the custom details for the library in the same.
Update Assembly Information
Update “AssemblyInfo.cs” file under properties with title, description, company, product and copyright Information.
Build the library:
Build the library project in release mode. This will generate the necessary binaries (DLLs) and other artifacts.
Update Package configuration in .nuspec file:
Open the folder containing the library project.
Install the NuGet CLI by downloading it from nuget.org. Add the nuget.exe file to a project folder
Open the command prompt and enter below command to create .nuspec file
nuget spec
Update the .nuspec file with authors, projectUrl, Description, releaseNotes, copyright, tags details
Create NuGet Package using nuget.exe
Run below command to create NuGet Package.
nuget pack myNugetLibrary.nuspec
NuGet generates a .nupkg file in the form of identifier.version.nupkg in the current folder
Use the package locally without publishing
Install the package into dependent project using below command
Install-Package C:\Path\To\Some\company.myNugetLibrary.1.0.0.nupkg
Publishing the library to public NuGet manager
Use below command to publish the package to Nuget.org. You’ll need an API key associated with your private NuGet feed. This key is used for authentication when pushing packages
nuget push company.myNugetLibrary.1.0.0.nupkg -Source https://api.nuget.org/v3/index.json -ApiKey yourApiKey
Consume the package in the dependent project with below command
nuget install company.myNugetLibrary.1.0.0
Publishing the library to custom NuGet locations
Ensure that you have the NuGet CLI installed. You can download it from the official NuGet CLI download page. You’ll need an API key associated with your private NuGet feed. This key is used for authentication when pushing packages. Consult your private NuGet feed documentation on how to obtain or generate this key. Check if the private source is configured using below command
nuget sources
To add the private source please use below command
nuget sources add -Name YourPrivateFeed -Source https://your-feed-url -UserName <YourUserName> -Password <YourApiKey>
Push the package using below:
nuget push company.myNugetLibrary.1.0.0.nupkg -Source YourPrivateFeed -ApiKey <YourApiKey>
Consume the package in the dependent project with below command
nuget install company.myNugetLibrary.1.0.0
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| 20
|
https://docs.digicert.com/en/software-trust-manager/signing-tools/sign-windows-packages-with-nuget.html
|
en
|
Sign Windows packages with NuGet
|
https://docs.digicert.com/favicon.ico
|
https://docs.digicert.com/favicon.ico
|
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en
|
/favicon.ico
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NuGet is a package manager for .NET development that allows you to publish, share, and consume reusable code packages. NuGet is used to sign packages to provide an additional layer of trust and security when distributing software libraries and components. Most importantly, NuGet maintains a reference list of packages used in a project and the ability to restore and update those packages from that list.
Follow these instructions to sign directly with NuGet and securely reference your private key stored in Software Trust Manager. Alternatively, integrate NuGet with Signing Manager Controller (SMCTL) for simplified signing.
Prerequisites
Windows operating system
Download and install DigiCertââ®ââ Software Trust Manager clients
Configure your credentials
Install NuGet
CA chain (only required for private CAs)
Install sample NuGet package
This creates a directory with name HelloWorld.
By default, all packages installed from the NuGet package manager are signed by the repository. You can verify the package with:
nuget install HelloWorld
By default, all packages installed from the NuGet package manager are signed by the repository. You can verify the package with:
nuget verify -All HelloWorld.1.3.0.17\*
Trust CA chain
To sign with a certificate issued from a private CA, the CA chain must be trusted in Windows.
To download a CA certificate:
Sign in to DigiCert ONE®.
Navigate to CA Manager > Manage CAs > Intermediates.
Click on the More actions icon next to the ICA name.
Select Download certificate.
Sync certificates (Windows only)
Before attempting to sign with Signtool, Mage, and NuGet using the certificate fingerprint, run this command to sync your certificates to the Windows certificate store.
To sync the default certificate associated with the specified keypair alias:
smctl windows certsync --keypair-alias=<keypair alias>
Note
For more information refer to the Windows command manual.
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dbpedia
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1
| 39
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https://ardalis.com/active-local-nuget-server/
|
en
|
An Active Local NuGet Server
|
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As I'm writing this the Internet is out. When that happens, it makes it very difficult to work on development projects that have NuGet dependencies, especially when it comes to adding anything new to a project. A local NuGet server that kept up-to-date with my commonly used packages would be helpful right now.
|
en
|
/img/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://ardalis.com
|
https://ardalis.com/active-local-nuget-server/
|
As I'm writing this the Internet is out. When that happens, it makes it very difficult to work on development projects that have NuGet dependencies, especially when it comes to adding anything new to a project. A local NuGet server that kept up-to-date with my commonly used packages would be helpful right now.
NuGet already has a local NuGet cache. You'll find it in your user profile folder. Here's mine:
But even with that, working offline is difficult. Here, I just launched powershell, and it took over 30 seconds just to come up, no doubt because of some check for updates or something it does upon launch, and then when it finally did come up, I tried installing my Clean Architecture template as a test, something I've done many times on this machine, and that, too, took over 30 seconds to complete and resulted in an error (though it did produce the files):
"What's the big deal, you still got your template created..."
Ok, so let's build it. Remember this is something I've installed on this machine many times before in the recent past. That NuGet cache should, you would think, handle this offline scenario. But...
Since dotnet restore cannot resolve api.nuget.org:443 the whole thing fails, rather than falling back to the cache or using a read through cache pattern (like I demonstrated in my Modular Monolith course that just dropped this week at Dometrain.com).
Clearly the passive .nuget folder cache is insufficient for offline development scenarios. Or I'm just using it wrong. Which is always possible. But I'm using it the way Visual Studio and the .NET SDK installed it, so if I'm using it wrong, the defaults are wrong, too.
An Active Local NuGet Server
Here's what I think would solve this problem, and could help developers everywhere who work in a frequently disconnected manner.
I've written before about how easy it is to set up your own local NuGet server. But this, too, is not an ideal solution because it requires a lot of manual updating. What if instead of just using a folder, there were instead an actual service running locally that would have the following features:
Respond to requests for packages. This is its primary function.
Maintain a manifest of all packages that have been requested (in a data store or just by looking at its folder structure).
Periodically (1/day by default I think) go out to a source server (nuget.org by default but configurable to your IT department's feed, etc.) and pull down the latest version of each package in the manifest.
That's basically it.
Now, to make this work, you would just point your NuGet source at nuget.local (which would be mapped to localhost:xxx) and voila! You can (mostly) work offline as long as you don't need a truly novel package.
So, does this already exist? If not, who wants to build it?
I'd consider building it now, but I can't since my Internet is down!
Update
Ok, some folks have let me know that this does exist already, in a few forms. The most popular/suggested one appears to be BaGet. I'll try to check it out and will probably post a follow up article or YouTube.
Keep Up With Me
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/resources/nuget-faq
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NuGet frequently-asked questions
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""
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[] | null |
Common questions and answers for using NuGet on the command line and in Visual Studio
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en
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/resources/nuget-faq
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NuGet frequently-asked questions
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https://spin.atomicobject.com/local-nuget-package/
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en
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Creating and Using a Local NuGet Package
|
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[
"Nick Hazekamp"
] |
2021-01-05T13:00:15+00:00
|
What a NuGet Package is, how to create one, where to add it locally, and how to consume it from a NuGet feed. This will allow you to quickly create and test your NuGet packages locally.
|
en
|
https://spin.atomicobject.com/wp-content/themes/spin/images/favicon.ico
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Atomic Spin
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https://spin.atomicobject.com/local-nuget-package/
|
Found yourself on a project where you need to create and test NuGet packages? This process can be stressful and slow if you wait until you’ve published the NuGet package on the web to use it. A great way to avoid this issue and create a faster feedback loop is to create a local NuGet Feed. This will allow you to quickly iterate, without pushing up numerous versions in testing.
A Nu-What?
A NuGet package is a fancy way to share compiled code. In practice, a NuGet package is a ZIP file that contains the compiled code, resources used in the code, and a manifest for the package defining important information (such as the version). NuGet packages are a useful mechanism for creating and sharing .NET libraries, and they have become the standard. To use a NuGet package, you simply add a NuGet feed (package repository) and download. To learn more about NuGet packages, Microsoft has some great resources.
Building a NuGet Package
Let’s assume you have working code that you want packaged. If your project is like mine, you are working in C# and have a .csproj file. Check in the .csproj file and make sure there is a <PropertyGroup> tag containing <PackageId>, <Version>, <Authors>, and <Company> tags. Here is an example:
<PropertyGroup> <PackageId>SuperCrazyFunLib</PackageId> <Version>1.4.2</Version> <Authors>Nick</Authors> <Company>Atomic</Company> </PropertyGroup>
Though the last two are not strictly necessary, it’s good practice to identify who is creating the package. Additionally, if you know you will be consuming this package quickly and regularly, it can be useful to have the package created whenever the project is built. To do this, simply add <GeneratePackageOnBuild>true</GeneratePackageOnBuild> to the above block. If you do not do this, you will need to manually invoke dotnet pack or pack within your IDE. For more specifics on creating NuGet packages, see Microsoft’s resources.
Creating Local Feed
You have created a NuGet Package; now you need to use it in a project. If you are doing this properly, you will want to create a test NuGet feed to consume packages from, just like any other feed. This will allow you to test it locally, publish the NuGet package, and use the published package by only changing the order of NuGet feeds or versions.
To get started, download the NuGet executable. You’ll need to decide where you want your local feed to live. For this example, we’ll use C:\totally-local-nuget-feed. You’ll also need the local path to your previously created NuGet package, for which we will use absudly\long\build\path\to\package\SuperCrazyFunLib.1.4.2.nupkg.
Given both of these, it’s as simple as:
nuget add absudly\long\build\path\to\package\SuperCrazyFunLib.1.4.2.nupkg -Source C:\totally-local-nuget-feed
Or, if you’re like me and didn’t add NuGet to your path… (nuget.exe was moved to my user folder):
nuget.exe add absudly\long\build\path\to\package\SuperCrazyFunLib.1.4.2.nupkg -Source C:\totally-local-nuget-feed
If that was done correctly, NuGet should report that the package was added successfully:
Installing SuperCrazyFunLib 1.4.2. Successfully added package 'absudly\long\build\path\to\package\SuperCrazyFunLib.1.4.2.nupkg' to feed 'C:\totally-local-nuget-feed'.
You now have a working local NuGet feed. Read the Microsoft docs for more details.
Consuming the Local Feed
For this step, I am going to walk you through adding the nuget feed to VisualStudio 2019. In VS19, open your project. From here:
In the Tools menu, select Options. This will open up the options dialog box.
Find NuGet Package Manager.
Select Package Sources.
Click the green plus button.
Set Name to something useful (such as Local Feed).
Set Source to the path used above, such as C:\totally-local-nuget-feed.
Click “Update.”
For more information and also information about setting this up on a Mac, check out the Microsoft documentation.
In this walkthrough, I outlined what a NuGet Package is, how to create one, where to add it locally, and how to consume it from a NuGet feed. This will allow you to quickly create and test your NuGet packages locally, which will let you push NuGet packages with certainty to your NuGet feeds, while still using the package as it would be used in practice. Hopefully, this helps clarify a bit of the process and get you back to developing.
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https://fullduck.dev/how-to-release-a-nuget-package-locally/
|
en
|
How To Release a NuGet Package Locally?
|
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[
"Pawel Flajszer"
] |
2021-05-23T11:01:34+00:00
|
An easy-to-follow tutorial on how to set up, deploy, and use your NuGet library locally. Includes video, gifs, and detailed instructions.
|
en
|
Full Duck Dev - Technical blog about .NET development
|
https://fullduck.dev/how-to-release-a-nuget-package-locally/
|
An easy-to-follow tutorial on how to set up, deploy, and use your NuGet library locally. Includes video, gifs, and detailed instructions.
When building a library, it’s useful to test it locally, before even pushing it to a test (and definitely prod) environment. The following tutorial shows all the steps necessary to perform those local tests and see exactly what an end-user will see when using your NuGet package. All this, without leaving your machine!
Table Of Contents
Video tutorial
Setup your environment
First, we have to download the NuGet executable and add it to our PATH to use NuGet CLI comfortably. This will allow you to type nuget in your Command Prompt to run any NuGet script. You can skip to the next chapter if you already have it configured.
Before we attempt to set it up, check if you don’t already have it ready:
Press Win + S
Type cmd and press Enter
Type nuget and press Enter
If you see the following message…
'nuget' is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file.
…Perform the steps below. Otherwise, move on to the Pack it section:
Download NuGet.exe from here (latest recommended version is okay)
Place it in a folder it will be stored in. For example: C:\Users\user_name\NuGet, remember to replace user_name with your own. Copy that folder path (remember not to include nuget.exe in the path.
Copy that path address
Press Win + S
Type Environment and press Enter on Edit the system environment variables
In Advanced tab, click on Environment variables… button
In User variables, click on Path variable and select Edit
Click New
Paste the path to your nuget.exe
Press OK
Repeat steps 7-10 for System variables
Alternatively, refer to this article.
Different ways of packing your library
Before we release the package, we have to prepare it first. To do that, we use a pack command. I’ll show you three ways to do that.
Pack using Visual Studio
Open your project/solution in Visual Studio
Right-click on the library and select Properties
Navigate to the Package tab
Tick Generate NuGet package on build – this will do exactly what is says on the tin. It will automatically pack your NuGet package on build.
Insert package details in the fields below. Make sure to specify the package version. The convention I usually use is Major.Minor.Patch starting with 0.0.0. Add “-beta” suffix for the test release.
Save the file
Press Ctrl + Shift + B or select Build -> Build Solution
Right-click on your library .csproj file in Solution Explorer
Select Open folder in File Explorer
You should now see a bin folder, which contains the binary output of your compilation. Enter that folder and go to Debug/Release, whichever configuration you selected when building the project
the *.nupkg file should be there.
Pack using NuGet CLI
Navigate to the folder containing your *.csproj file of the library you’d like to release
Type cmd in the File Explorer address bar and hit Enter. This will open Command Prompt
Type dotnet build and hit Enter. This will build your project. bin and obj folders should appear.
Back in Command Prompt, type nuget pack and hit Enter. This will generate *.nupkg file in the current directory.
Pack using dotnet CLI
Navigate to the folder containing your *.csproj file of the library you’d like to release
Type cmd in the File Explorer address bar and hit Enter. This will open Command Prompt.
Type dotnet build and hit Enter. This will build your project. bin and obj folders should appear.
Back in Command Prompt, type dotnet pack and hit Enter. This will generate *.nupkg file in the bin/{environment}/ directory, where enviroment is either Debug or Release, depending what you chose for your build.
Release the package locally
We’re almost there, we already have a packed library, all we want is to make it available in our Visual Studio project locally, so we can imitate using a normal NuGet package downloaded from a remote repository.
To do that, follow the below steps:
Open Command Prompt as an Administrator in the location of your *.nupkg file.
Type nuget add package_filename.nupkg -Source "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft SDKs\\NuGetPackages\\" (escape characters and quotation marks are important since the path contains spaces)
Replace package_filename (your nupkg file name) with the correct value and hit Enter. The source specifies where the package will be unpacked to – the location I provided is the default location for offline NuGet packages in Visual Studio. This will matter in a minute.
Use your local NuGet package
Open the project you’d like to install your library to in Visual Studio
Right-click on the solution/project – wherever you’d like to install your new NuGet package and select Manage NuGet Packages…
In the top-right, you should have a dropdown menu under Package Source with a default value of nuget.org. Visual Studio normally searches there for the packages by default, but since our package is deployed locally, change it to Microsoft Visual Studio Offline Packages. (You can configure where that location is by pressing a little cog icon next to the dropdown if you’d like to change it)
Search your package name and hit Enter. It should appear on the list
You can now enjoy your package locally!
Conclusion
As you can see, deploying your NuGet package locally is really easy if you follow those simple steps. In the end, it’s all about generating that *.nupkg file and adding it to the offline feed in the correct folder, so Visual Studio Offline Package Manager can find it.
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3
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78060417/what-is-the-difference-between-com-objects-and-nuget-packages
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en
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What is the difference between COM objects and NuGet packages?
|
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[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-02-26T11:00:23
|
In some study project I have the task to add a reference to system com object, and I know it is a dynamic library, but I absolutely don't understand what the difference between COM objects and NuGet
|
en
|
https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196
|
Stack Overflow
|
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/78060417/what-is-the-difference-between-com-objects-and-nuget-packages
|
COM is a decades-old component technology, originally (IIRC) created by Microsoft. It predates .NET and was originally intended to enable programmers to reuse libraries or extend existing applications. COM components were typically dll files, and were often written in C++ or Visual Basic.
The protocol was binary, and you had to 'register' the component (in the Windows registry, IIRC). Registration was machine-wide and done by identifier, which meant that you could only have one version of a COM component installed on a machine.
From a .NET developer's perspective, I'd consider it a legacy technology.
NuGet, on the other hand, is a package management system. In .NET, you can create reusable libraries (also dll files). While it's possible to register a .NET library as a COM component (by implementing some special interfaces or something - I honestly no longer remember how one worked with it), you can also just copy the dll file to the folder where your .NET application runs, and it becomes available to that process.
This means that you can have many versions of the same .NET library on the same machine. Application A uses version 1.1 of a library, while application B uses version 3.2.
In the first years of .NET, you'd typically download reusable libraries as Zip files, unpack them, and copy them around as necessary.
This did solve the 'dll hell' problem of COM, but was tedious and somewhat error-prone for other reasons. Thus, like in other languages, a package manager system emerged. This is called NuGet, and is similar to package managers for other languages/platforms.
NuGet is a way to distribute and manage reusable libraries, most of which are .NET dlls.
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https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/10158/how-to-credit-mit-nuget-dependencies-in-specific-c-project
|
en
|
How to credit MIT NuGet dependencies in specific C# project?
|
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[
""
] | null |
[] |
2020-07-21T05:21:09
|
the question has been asked many times, but as far as I can tell, answers always depend on the concrete situation.
I intend to release an open-source project written in C# on GitLab soon, and I am ...
|
en
|
https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/opensource/Img/favicon.ico?v=a03031d3058c
|
Open Source Stack Exchange
|
https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/10158/how-to-credit-mit-nuget-dependencies-in-specific-c-project
|
the question has been asked many times, but as far as I can tell, answers always depend on the concrete situation.
I intend to release an open-source project written in C# on GitLab soon, and I am afraid of unintentionally breaking 3rd party dependency licensing requirements.
The project uses the following NuGet packages:
MaterialDesignThemes & MaterialDesignColors by James Willock licensed under MIT PDFsharp-MigraDoc by empira Software GmbH licensed under MIT DocumentFormat.OpenXml by Microsoft licensed under MIT
I have not modified any code of the aforementioned NuGet packages.
Is it correct to assume that I need to include an MIT-license file for each package, or can I simply include one, as all are unmodified copies of the MIT license?
In any case, next to my own LICENSE file, I would include a NOTICE file containing the information about the packages from the formatted paragraph above. As I will also include binary releases every now and again I would also need to include my own LICENSE file, all MIT-licenses as well as the NOTICE file.
Would that be the correct way to comply with the MIT license? Am I missing something? I would love to hear your feedback on my poor deduction skills, I just want to be extra careful not to improperly comply to any of the above licenses.
Thanks in advance!
|
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https://www.nuget.org/packages/OpenAI/
|
en
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NuGet Gallery
|
https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/openai/1.11.0/icon
|
https://api.nuget.org/v3-flatcontainer/openai/1.11.0/icon
|
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[] | null |
A simple C# / .NET library to use with OpenAI's APIs, including GPT 3.5, GPT 4, ChatGPT, DALL-E, Whisper, etc. Independently developed, this is not an official library and I am not affiliated with OpenAI. An...
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
https://www.nuget.org/packages/OpenAI/
|
C#/.NET SDK for accessing the OpenAI APIs, including GPT-3.5/4, GPT-3.5/4-Turbo, and DALL-E 2/3
A simple C# .NET wrapper library to use with OpenAI's API. More context on my blog. This is an unofficial wrapper library around the OpenAI API. I am not affiliated with OpenAI and this library is not endorsed or supported by them.
Quick Example
var api = new OpenAI_API.OpenAIAPI("YOUR_API_KEY"); var result = await api.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync("Hello!"); Console.WriteLine(result); // should print something like "Hi! How can I help you?"
Readme
Status
Requirements
Installation
Authentication
Chat API
Conversations
Streaming Results
GPT Vision
Chat Endpoint
Conversation History Context Length Management
JSON Mode
Completions API
Streaming completion results
Audio
Text to Speech
Transcribe Audio to Text
Translate Audio to English Text
Embeddings API
Moderation API
Files API
Image APIs (DALL-E)
DALLE-E 3
Azure
Additional Documentation
License
Status
Adds new embedding models as of March 2024.
Requirements
This library is based on .NET Standard 2.0, so it should work across all versions of .Net, from the traditional .NET Framework >=4.7.2 to .NET (Core) >= 3.0. It should work across console apps, winforms, wpf, asp.net, unity, Xamarin, etc. It should work across Windows, Linux, and Mac, and possibly even mobile. There are minimal dependencies, and it's licensed in the public domain.
Getting started
Install from NuGet
Install package OpenAI from Nuget. Here's how via commandline:
Install-Package OpenAI
Authentication
There are 3 ways to provide your API keys, in order of precedence:
Pass keys directly to APIAuthentication(string key) constructor
Set environment var for OPENAI_API_KEY (or OPENAI_KEY for backwards compatibility)
Include a config file in the local directory or in your user directory named .openai and containing the line:
OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-aaaabbbbbccccddddd
You use the APIAuthentication when you initialize the API as shown:
// for example OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI("YOUR_API_KEY"); // shorthand // or OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(new APIAuthentication("YOUR_API_KEY")); // create object manually // or OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(APIAuthentication LoadFromEnv()); // use env vars // or OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(APIAuthentication LoadFromPath()); // use config file (can optionally specify where to look) // or OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(); // uses default, env, or config file
You may optionally include an openAIOrganization (OPENAI_ORGANIZATION in env or config file) specifying which organization is used for an API request. Usage from these API requests will count against the specified organization's subscription quota. Organization IDs can be found on your Organization settings page.
// for example OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(new APIAuthentication("YOUR_API_KEY","org-yourOrgHere"));
Chat API
The Chat API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Chat. There are two ways to use the Chat Endpoint, either via simplified conversations or with the full Request/Response methods.
Chat Conversations
The Conversation Class allows you to easily interact with ChatGPT by adding messages to a chat and asking ChatGPT to reply.
var chat = api.Chat.CreateConversation(); chat.Model = Model.GPT4_Turbo; chat.RequestParameters.Temperature = 0; /// give instruction as System chat.AppendSystemMessage("You are a teacher who helps children understand if things are animals or not. If the user tells you an animal, you say \"yes\". If the user tells you something that is not an animal, you say \"no\". You only ever respond with \"yes\" or \"no\". You do not say anything else."); // give a few examples as user and assistant chat.AppendUserInput("Is this an animal? Cat"); chat.AppendExampleChatbotOutput("Yes"); chat.AppendUserInput("Is this an animal? House"); chat.AppendExampleChatbotOutput("No"); // now let's ask it a question chat.AppendUserInput("Is this an animal? Dog"); // and get the response string response = await chat.GetResponseFromChatbotAsync(); Console.WriteLine(response); // "Yes" // and continue the conversation by asking another chat.AppendUserInput("Is this an animal? Chair"); // and get another response response = await chat.GetResponseFromChatbotAsync(); Console.WriteLine(response); // "No" // the entire chat history is available in chat.Messages foreach (ChatMessage msg in chat.Messages) { Console.WriteLine($"{msg.Role}: {msg.Content}"); }
Chat Streaming
Streaming allows you to get results are they are generated, which can help your application feel more responsive.
Using the new C# 8.0 async iterators:
var chat = api.Chat.CreateConversation(); chat.AppendUserInput("How to make a hamburger?"); await foreach (var res in chat.StreamResponseEnumerableFromChatbotAsync()) { Console.Write(res); }
Or if using classic .NET Framework or C# <8.0:
var chat = api.Chat.CreateConversation(); chat.AppendUserInput("How to make a hamburger?"); await chat.StreamResponseFromChatbotAsync(res => { Console.Write(res); });
GPT Vision
You can send images to the chat to use the new GPT-4 Vision model. This only works with the Model.GPT4_Vision model. Please see https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/vision for more information and limitations.
// the simplest form var result = await api.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync("What is the primary non-white color in this logo?", ImageInput.FromFile("path/to/logo.png")); // or in a conversation var chat = api.Chat.CreateConversation(); chat.Model = Model.GPT4_Vision; chat.AppendSystemMessage("You are a graphic design assistant who helps identify colors."); chat.AppendUserInput("What are the primary non-white colors in this logo?", ImageInput.FromFile("path/to/logo.png")); string response = await chat.GetResponseFromChatbotAsync(); Console.WriteLine(response); // "Blue and purple" chat.AppendUserInput("What are the primary non-white colors in this logo?", ImageInput.FromImageUrl("https://rogerpincombe.com/templates/rp/center-aligned-no-shadow-small.png")); response = await chat.GetResponseFromChatbotAsync(); Console.WriteLine(response); // "Blue, red, and yellow" // or when manually creating the ChatMessage messageWithImage = new ChatMessage(ChatMessageRole.User, "What colors do these logos have in common?"); messageWithImage.images.Add(ImageInput.FromFile("path/to/logo.png")); messageWithImage.images.Add(ImageInput.FromImageUrl("https://rogerpincombe.com/templates/rp/center-aligned-no-shadow-small.png")); // you can specify multiple images at once chat.AppendUserInput("What colors do these logos have in common?", ImageInput.FromFile("path/to/logo.png"), ImageInput.FromImageUrl("https://rogerpincombe.com/templates/rp/center-aligned-no-shadow-small.png"));
Conversation History Context Length Management
If the chat conversation history gets too long, it may not fit into the context length of the model. By default, the earliest non-system message(s) will be removed from the chat history and the API call will be retried. You may disable this by setting chat.AutoTruncateOnContextLengthExceeded = false, or you can override the truncation algorithm like this:
chat.OnTruncationNeeded += (sender, args) => { // args is a List<ChatMessage> with the current chat history. Remove or edit as nessisary. // replace this with more sophisticated logic for your use-case, such as summarizing the chat history for (int i = 0; i < args.Count; i++) { if (args[i].Role != ChatMessageRole.System) { args.RemoveAt(i); return; } } };
You may also wish to use a new model with a larger context length. You can do this by setting chat.Model = Model.GPT4_Turbo or chat.Model = Model.ChatGPTTurbo_16k, etc.
You can see token usage via chat.MostRecentApiResult.Usage.PromptTokens and related properties.
Chat Endpoint Requests
You can access full control of the Chat API by using the OpenAIAPI.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync() and related methods.
async Task<ChatResult> CreateChatCompletionAsync(ChatRequest request); // for example var result = await api.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync(new ChatRequest() { Model = Model.ChatGPTTurbo, Temperature = 0.1, MaxTokens = 50, Messages = new ChatMessage[] { new ChatMessage(ChatMessageRole.User, "Hello!") } }) // or var result = api.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync("Hello!"); var reply = results.Choices[0].Message; Console.WriteLine($"{reply.Role}: {reply.Content.Trim()}"); // or Console.WriteLine(results);
It returns a ChatResult which is mostly metadata, so use its .ToString() method to get the text if all you want is assistant's reply text.
There's also an async streaming API which works similarly to the Completions endpoint streaming results.
JSON Mode
With the new Model.GPT4_Turbo or gpt-3.5-turbo-1106 models, you can set the ChatRequest.ResponseFormat to ChatRequest.ResponseFormats.JsonObject to enable JSON mode. When JSON mode is enabled, the model is constrained to only generate strings that parse into valid JSON object. See https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/text-generation/json-mode for more details.
ChatRequest chatRequest = new ChatRequest() { Model = model, Temperature = 0.0, MaxTokens = 500, ResponseFormat = ChatRequest.ResponseFormats.JsonObject, Messages = new ChatMessage[] { new ChatMessage(ChatMessageRole.System, "You are a helpful assistant designed to output JSON."), new ChatMessage(ChatMessageRole.User, "Who won the world series in 2020? Return JSON of a 'wins' dictionary with the year as the numeric key and the winning team as the string value.") } }; var results = await api.Chat.CreateChatCompletionAsync(chatRequest); Console.WriteLine(results); /* prints: { "wins": { 2020: "Los Angeles Dodgers" } } */
Completions API
Completions are considered legacy by OpenAI. The Completion API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Completions:
async Task<CompletionResult> CreateCompletionAsync(CompletionRequest request); // for example var result = await api.Completions.CreateCompletionAsync(new CompletionRequest("One Two Three One Two", model: Model.CurieText, temperature: 0.1)); // or var result = await api.Completions.CreateCompletionAsync("One Two Three One Two", temperature: 0.1); // or other convenience overloads
You can create your CompletionRequest ahead of time or use one of the helper overloads for convenience. It returns a CompletionResult which is mostly metadata, so use its .ToString() method to get the text if all you want is the completion.
Streaming
Streaming allows you to get results are they are generated, which can help your application feel more responsive, especially on slow models like Davinci.
Using the new C# 8.0 async iterators:
IAsyncEnumerable<CompletionResult> StreamCompletionEnumerableAsync(CompletionRequest request); // for example await foreach (var token in api.Completions.StreamCompletionEnumerableAsync(new CompletionRequest("My name is Roger and I am a principal software engineer at Salesforce. This is my resume:", Model.DavinciText, 200, 0.5, presencePenalty: 0.1, frequencyPenalty: 0.1))) { Console.Write(token); }
Or if using classic .NET framework or C# <8.0:
async Task StreamCompletionAsync(CompletionRequest request, Action<CompletionResult> resultHandler); // for example await api.Completions.StreamCompletionAsync( new CompletionRequest("My name is Roger and I am a principal software engineer at Salesforce. This is my resume:", Model.DavinciText, 200, 0.5, presencePenalty: 0.1, frequencyPenalty: 0.1), res => ResumeTextbox.Text += res.ToString());
Audio
The Audio API's are Text to Speech, Transcription (speech to text), and Translation (non-English speech to English text).
Text to Speech (TTS)
The TTS API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.TextToSpeech:
await api.TextToSpeech.SaveSpeechToFileAsync("Hello, brave new world! This is a test.", outputPath); // You can open it in the defaul audio player like this: Process.Start(outputPath);
You can also specify all of the request parameters with a TextToSpeechRequest object:
var request = new TextToSpeechRequest() { Input = "Hello, brave new world! This is a test.", ResponseFormat = ResponseFormats.AAC, Model = Model.TTS_HD, Voice = Voices.Nova, Speed = 0.9 }; await api.TextToSpeech.SaveSpeechToFileAsync(request, "test.aac");
Instead of saving to a file, you can get audio byte stream with api.TextToSpeech.GetSpeechAsStreamAsync(request):
using (Stream result = await api.TextToSpeech.GetSpeechAsStreamAsync("Hello, brave new world!", Voices.Fable)) using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(result)) { // do something with the audio stream here }
Transcription (Speech to Text)
The Audio Transcription API allows you to generate text from audio, in any of the supported languages. It is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Transcriptions:
string resultText = await api.Transcriptions.GetTextAsync("path/to/file.mp3");
You can ask for verbose results, which will give you segment and token-level information, as well as the standard OpenAI metadata such as processing time:
AudioResultVerbose result = await api.Transcriptions.GetWithDetailsAsync("path/to/file.m4a"); Console.WriteLine(result.ProcessingTime.TotalMilliseconds); // 496ms Console.WriteLine(result.text); // "Hello, this is a test of the transcription function." Console.WriteLine(result.language); // "english" Console.WriteLine(result.segments[0].no_speech_prob); // 0.03712 // etc
You can also ask for results in SRT or VTT format, which is useful for generating subtitles for videos:
string result = await api.Transcriptions.GetAsFormatAsync("path/to/file.m4a", AudioRequest.ResponseFormats.SRT);
Additional parameters such as temperature, prompt, language, etc can be specified either per-request or as a default:
// inline result = await api.Transcriptions.GetTextAsync("conversation.mp3", "en", "This is a transcript of a conversation between a medical doctor and her patient: ", 0.3); // set defaults api.Transcriptions.DefaultTranscriptionRequestArgs.Language = "en";
Instead of providing a local file on disk, you can provide a stream of audio bytes. This can be useful for streaming audio from the microphone or another source without having to first write to disk. Please not you must specify a filename, which does not have to exist, but which must have an accurate extension for the type of audio that you are sending. OpenAI uses the filename extension to determine what format your audio stream is in.
using (var audioStream = File.OpenRead("path-here.mp3")) { return await api.Transcriptions.GetTextAsync(audioStream, "file.mp3"); }
Translations (Non-English Speech to English Text)
Translations allow you to transcribe text from any of the supported languages to English. OpenAI does not support translating into any other language, only English. It is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Translations. It supports all of the same functionality as the Transcriptions.
string result = await api.Translations.GetTextAsync("chinese-example.m4a");
Embeddings
The Embedding API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Embeddings:
async Task<EmbeddingResult> CreateEmbeddingAsync(EmbeddingRequest request); // for example var result = await api.Embeddings.CreateEmbeddingAsync(new EmbeddingRequest("A test text for embedding", model: Model.AdaTextEmbedding)); // or var result = await api.Embeddings.CreateEmbeddingAsync("A test text for embedding");
The embedding result contains a lot of metadata, the actual vector of floats is in result.Data[].Embedding.
For simplicity, you can directly ask for the vector of floats and disgard the extra metadata with api.Embeddings.GetEmbeddingsAsync("test text here")
Moderation
The Moderation API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Moderation:
async Task<ModerationResult> CreateEmbeddingAsync(ModerationRequest request); // for example var result = await api.Moderation.CallModerationAsync(new ModerationRequest("A test text for moderating", Model.TextModerationLatest)); // or var result = await api.Moderation.CallModerationAsync("A test text for moderating"); Console.WriteLine(result.results[0].MainContentFlag);
The results are in .results[0] and have nice helper methods like FlaggedCategories and MainContentFlag.
Files (for fine-tuning)
The Files API endpoint is accessed via OpenAIAPI.Files:
// uploading async Task<File> UploadFileAsync(string filePath, string purpose = "fine-tune"); // for example var response = await api.Files.UploadFileAsync("fine-tuning-data.jsonl"); Console.Write(response.Id); //the id of the uploaded file // listing async Task<List<File>> GetFilesAsync(); // for example var response = await api.Files.GetFilesAsync(); foreach (var file in response) { Console.WriteLine(file.Name); }
There are also methods to get file contents, delete a file, etc.
The fine-tuning endpoint itself has not yet been implemented, but will be added soon.
Images
The DALL-E Image Generation API is accessed via OpenAIAPI.ImageGenerations:
async Task<ImageResult> CreateImageAsync(ImageGenerationRequest request); // for example var result = await api.ImageGenerations.CreateImageAsync(new ImageGenerationRequest("A drawing of a computer writing a test", 1, ImageSize._512)); // or var result = await api.ImageGenerations.CreateImageAsync("A drawing of a computer writing a test"); Console.WriteLine(result.Data[0].Url);
The image result contains a URL for an online image or a base64-encoded image, depending on the ImageGenerationRequest.ResponseFormat (url is the default).
DALL-E 3
Use DALL-E 3 like this:
async Task<ImageResult> CreateImageAsync(ImageGenerationRequest request); // for example var result = await api.ImageGenerations.CreateImageAsync(new ImageGenerationRequest("A drawing of a computer writing a test", OpenAI_API.Models.Model.DALLE3, ImageSize._1024x1792, "hd")); // or var result = await api.ImageGenerations.CreateImageAsync("A drawing of a computer writing a test", OpenAI_API.Models.Model.DALLE3); Console.WriteLine(result.Data[0].Url);
Azure
For using the Azure OpenAI Service, you need to specify the name of your Azure OpenAI resource as well as your model deployment id.
I do not have access to the Microsoft Azure OpenAI service, so I am unable to test this functionality. If you have access and can test, please submit an issue describing your results. A PR with integration tests would also be greatly appreciated. Specifically, it is unclear to me that specifying models works the same way with Azure.
Refer the Azure OpenAI documentation and detailed screenshots in #64 for further information.
Configuration should look something like this for the Azure service:
OpenAIAPI api = OpenAIAPI.ForAzure("YourResourceName", "deploymentId", "api-key"); api.ApiVersion = "2023-03-15-preview"; // needed to access chat endpoint on Azure
You may then use the api object like normal. You may also specify the APIAuthentication is any of the other ways listed in the Authentication section above. Currently this library only supports the api-key flow, not the AD-Flow.
As of April 2, 2023, you need to manually select api version 2023-03-15-preview as shown above to access the chat endpoint on Azure. Once this is out of preview I will update the default.
IHttpClientFactory
You may specify an IHttpClientFactory to be used for HTTP requests, which allows for tweaking http request properties, connection pooling, and mocking. Details in #103.
OpenAIAPI api = new OpenAIAPI(); api.HttpClientFactory = myIHttpClientFactoryObject;
Documentation
Every single class, method, and property has extensive XML documentation, so it should show up automatically in IntelliSense. That combined with the official OpenAI documentation should be enough to get started. Feel free to open an issue here if you have any questions. Better documentation may come later.
License
CC-0 Public Domain
This library is licensed CC-0, in the public domain. You can use it for whatever you want, publicly or privately, without worrying about permission or licensing or whatever. It's just a wrapper around the OpenAI API, so you still need to get access to OpenAI from them directly. I am not affiliated with OpenAI and this library is not endorsed by them, I just have beta access and wanted to make a C# library to access it more easily. Hopefully others find this useful as well. Feel free to open a PR if there's anything you want to contribute.
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Why C# for Web Development is A Great Choice in The Modern Era
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Discover why C# for web development is the top choice in modern times. Explore the benefits and versatility of C# in building innovative web applications.
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Web development is one of the most in-demand and exciting fields in the software industry. Whether you want to create dynamic websites, web apps, web services, or web APIs, you need a versatile and powerful programming language that can handle the challenges and opportunities of the modern web.
In the game of professional coding, C# is quickly becoming the talent tree all legends are maxing out. With its powerful feature set for building robust online applications, C# is securing its place as the top weapon of choice for modern web development.
While other programming languages may promise fame and fortune, few can deliver real business value like C#. From seasoned masters to rookie content creators, C# is granting coders magical abilities to craft client-winning solutions faster than ever. But donât take my word for it; just look at the leaderboards. Major players in every industry are wielding the power of C# to blast past the competition.
In the following, weâll give you an insiderâs look at why C# for web development has rapidly risen through the ranks.
What Are the Reasons Behind the Growing Popularity of C#?
Powerful Language Features
C# is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm, and object-oriented programming language that was designed by Microsoft as part of the .NET framework. C# has many features and benefits that make it the best choice for modern web development, such as:
Performance: C# is a compiled language that runs on the .NET runtime, which offers fast execution, memory management, and cross-platform support.
Productivity: C# has a clear and expressive syntax, a rich set of libraries and tools, and strong support for debugging and testing.
Popularity: C# is one of the most widely used and loved languages in the world, with a large and active community of developers and learners.
Possibilities: C# can be used for various types of web development, such as server-side, client-side, full-stack, and hybrid. C# also supports the latest web standards and technologies, such as HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Blazor, Razor, and ASP.NET Core.
The powerful language features of C# contribute significantly to the development of robust, scalable, and maintainable web applications. By embracing strong typing and type safety, developers can detect errors early in the development process, resulting in more reliable and bug-free code. The object-oriented language paradigm promotes code organization, modular development, and code reusability, leading to scalable and maintainable web applications.
Generics enable the creation of flexible and reusable code, allowing developers to handle different data types efficiently. Asynchronous programming enhances the responsiveness of web applications by enabling concurrent execution of tasks, making them more scalable and user-friendly. Additionally, LINQ (Language-Integrated Query) simplifies data manipulation, providing a unified and expressive syntax for querying and transforming data. This improves code readability, reduces complexity, and enhances maintainability.
.NET Framework and Ecosystem for Web Development
Another reason why C# is the best choice for modern web development is its integration with the .NET framework and ecosystem. The .NET framework provides a comprehensive and robust infrastructure for developing web applications. It is a cross-platform framework developed by Microsoft, offering multiple features and functionalities that simplify web application development tasks. The framework includes a runtime environment, a rich class library, and a compilation system that supports multiple popular programming languages, including C#.
The .NET ecosystem provides a vast collection of libraries and tools that enhance the development process and extend the capabilities of the .NET framework. These tools and libraries cover a wide range of functionalities, including web development, data access, security, testing, and more. Here are some notable components of the .NET ecosystem:
ASP.NET: ASP.NET is a web development framework within the .NET ecosystem that simplifies the creation of dynamic and interactive web applications. It provides powerful tools and libraries for building web APIs, web pages, and real-time applications. With its robust features like model-view-controller (MVC) architecture, built-in authentication, and seamless integration with client-side frameworks, ASP.NET empowers developers to deliver high-quality web experiences.
Entity Framework: Entity Framework is an object-relational mapping (ORM) framework that simplifies database interactions in web applications. It allows developers to work with databases by using object-oriented principles, eliminating the need for manual SQL queries. Entity Framework offers a rich set of features, including automatic schema generation, data caching, and query optimization, making database operations more efficient and developer-friendly.
NuGet: NuGet is a package manager for the .NET ecosystem. It enables developers to easily discover, install, and manage third-party libraries and dependencies in their projects. With a vast repository of packages, NuGet simplifies the process of incorporating external functionality into web applications, saving developers valuable time and effort.
Integration with Microsoft Technologies
One of the biggest advantages of using C# for web development is its seamless integration with Microsoftâs suite of tools and technologies. Microsoft provides various tools and services that are specifically designed for web development, and C# integrates seamlessly with all of them. Here are some examples:
Visual Studio Code and C#: Visual Studio Code provides excellent support for C# development through its C# extension. It offers features like IntelliSense, code navigation, and debugging capabilities specific to C#. The integration between Visual Studio Code and C# enables developers to write, test, and debug C# code efficiently, ensuring a smooth development experience.
Azure and C#: C# is fully compatible with Azure services. Developers can leverage C# to build cloud-native web applications, easily integrate with Azure services, and take advantage of features like automatic scaling, robust security, and seamless deployment. With Azureâs extensive tooling and support for C#, developers can create scalable and globally distributed web apps, harnessing the power of the cloud.
SQL Server and C#: C# seamlessly integrates with SQL Server, enabling developers to access and manipulate data stored in the database. With C#, developers can write SQL queries, handle data transactions, and perform database operations efficiently. The integration between C# and SQL Server empowers developers to build web applications that leverage the full potential of a powerful and reliable database management system.
By integrating with Microsoft technologies, C# provides a powerful and cohesive development experience. Developers can leverage the familiarity and capabilities of C# while benefiting from the extensive tooling, cloud services, and database management support offered by Microsoft. This integration streamlines the development workflow, enhances productivity, and enables developers to build robust, scalable, and feature-rich web applications with ease.
Large and Active Community
Another reason why C# is an excellent choice for web development is its large and active community of developers. C# is a general-purpose programming language that is used not only for web development but also for game development, windows applications, mobile development, and more. This broad usage has resulted in a large and active community of developers who are constantly contributing to the language and its ecosystem.
The C# community provides numerous resources and tools for building web apps. For example, there are many open-source libraries and frameworks available for C#, such as ASP .NET Core, SignalR, and Entity Framework. These libraries and frameworks provide a solid foundation for building web apps, and they are constantly being updated and improved by the community.
In addition to libraries and frameworks, the C# community also provides extensive documentation and tutorials. For example, Microsoft provides comprehensive documentation for C# and its related technologies, and there are many online tutorials and courses available for learning C#. These resources make it easy for developers to get started with C# and to continue learning as they build more complex web apps.
The C# community is also very active on forums and social media. Developers can ask questions, share their experiences, and collaborate on projects with other developers. This active community provides a wealth of knowledge and support for building web apps with C#, and it is one of the reasons why C# is such a powerful and popular language for web development.
Real-World Examples and Success Stories
C# has proven to be a powerful and versatile programming language for web development, offering a wide range of benefits to businesses. To further illustrate the benefits of using C# for web development, letâs take a look at some real-world examples and success stories of companies that have chosen C# for their web development projects.
Airbnb
Airbnb, the global online marketplace for lodging and hospitality services, has utilized C# in its web development efforts. By leveraging the capabilities of C# and the ASP.NET framework, Airbnb has been able to create a scalable and reliable platform that handles a vast number of transactions and user interactions. C# has enabled Airbnb to deliver a seamless user experience, robust security measures, and efficient management of its extensive database.
The New York Times
The New York Times, one of the worldâs most renowned news organizations, relies on C# for its web development needs. C# has played a vital role in the development of various features and functionalities of the NYTimes.com website, including content management, user authentication, and personalized recommendations. C# has allowed The New York Times to deliver high-quality journalism to its readers while ensuring a fast and responsive web experience.
Slack
Slack, the well-known team collaboration and communication platform, has utilized C# in its web application development. C# has enabled Slack to build a scalable and real-time messaging system that handles millions of concurrent users and delivers instant communication across teams. The languageâs robustness and performance capabilities have played a significant role in Slackâs success as a leading collaborative platform.
Conclusion
The success stories and case studies of organizations like Airbnb, The New York Times, and Slack demonstrate the power and effectiveness of C# in web development. The languageâs versatility, scalability, and extensive ecosystem make it an excellent choice for developers embarking on their next web development project.
If youâre a developer looking to leverage the capabilities of C# for your web development needs, consider exploring the vast resources, support, and tools available within the C# community. Engage in online forums, tutorials, and documentation to enhance your understanding and skills in C# web development. Additionally, attending meetups and conferences can provide valuable networking chances and help you stay up-to-date with the latest technological trends and best practices in the field.
Furthermore, if youâre considering outsourcing your web development project, Orient Software is an excellent choice. We offer expertise not only in C# but also in various other web programming languages. With our experienced team of developers, we can assist you in building robust and scalable web applications tailored to your specific requirements.
So, seize the opportunity and consider using C# for your next web development project. Leverage its power and the support of the thriving C# community to create innovative and high-quality web applications. And if youâre in need of outsourcing services, trust Orient Software to deliver exceptional results. Start your journey with C# and take your web development endeavors to new heights.
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C# and Its Powerful Impact on Software Development in 2024
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C# and Its Powerful Impact on Software Development in 2024
| null |
Want to get familiarized with C# and its impact on software development? Explore the key aspects of the powerful software programming language and its helpful features that give users an interactive and flawless web experience. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, this article gives you a basic understanding of C# and its role in reshaping the big world of web development.
What is C#?
C# is an object-oriented programming language that helps programmers create applications, from desktop software to web and mobile applications. It was designed as part of Microsoft’s .NET framework in 2002. Over the years, C# has become one of the most popular languages due to its ease of use and suitability.
What is C# Web Development?
C# web development creates dynamic web pages using server-side and client-side scripting. The server-side scripting uses ASP.NET Core for building web applications. On the other hand, client-side scripting uses HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to create engaging web pages.
Evolution of C#
Without a doubt, C# is a powerful language among programming languages. Also, it aims to offer an improved experience for your software development team, similar to Java. In the initial stage, C# focused on developing Windows applications.
As per Statista, C# is one of the top five most sought-after languages on Google. With the increasing popularity of web development, C# also started evolving, using the features of ASP.NET. Further, it helped developers build robust web applications. Top of all, the rise of .NET Core enhanced the utility of C#. Your software development team can create applications across various popular mobile and Cloud platforms.
C# quickly adapted to adopt new trends by supporting valuable features, for example, enhanced memory management. Further, such features help the language stay in the limelight, assisting your development team in building advanced, scalable, and efficient applications. Further, its adaptability toward the ever-evolving needs of web development makes it even more popular among developers.
Also Read: Which Are The Top Technologies To Develop A Mobile App In 2024?
Why is C# Considered Significant for Software Development?
Do you know why C# is gaining popularity in the programming language world? Let’s explore a few important reasons for selecting C# for web development.
Powerful Performance
C# is a language that runs on the .NET framework. As a result, it supports quick execution, cross-platform support, and good memory management.
Great Utility
C# is used for different types of web development, such as client-side, server-side, full stack, and hybrid. It also features the newest web standards and tools, such as HTML 5, Javascript, CSS3, Blazor, ASP.NET Core, Razor, and many more.
Productivity
Since C# has clear syntax, it features a myriad of tools and libraries with testing and debugging features. Further, you can use the best coding practices and make the most of built-in functionalities to optimize tasks.
Supports All Platforms
Your software development team can focus on applications running on several platforms, such as Windows, iOS, and Android. Enterprise server applications run on Linux and Windows Server, and microservices run on the Cloud. Thus, developers can reuse the code across these platforms.
Integration with .NET Framework
C# is the ideal choice for web development because of its integration with the .NET framework. Indeed, the .NET framework offers a solid infrastructure for building web applications. Developed by Microsoft, .NET is a cross-platform framework that offers a plethora of functionalities. Also, the .NET ecosystem comes with a vast collection of libraries and tools to enable the web application development process.
The following critical components in the .NET framework help developers simplify the web development process as follows:
.ASP.NET
Facilitates the development of interactive web applications and features robust tools for creating web APIs and real-time applications.
Entity Framework
C# eases software development by streamlining database interactions in web applications, eliminating the need for manual SQL queries. Further, it comes with rich features such as data caching and optimizing queries, ensuring efficient database operations.
NuGet
A package manager for the .NET framework, NuGet helps developers access, install, and manage third-party libraries. It also helps software developers incorporate external functionality in web applications, saving time.
Integration with Microsoft Technology Services
Seamless integration with Microsoft tools and services designed mainly for web development makes web application development a breeze for your coding team. For example, it is fully compatible with Visual Studio Code, Azure, and SQL Server.
Large Community
Another significant reason for C# being the popular choice for web development is the community of developers. C# is not just for web development, but it is also used for game development and mobile app development. As a result, there is a large developer community due to its widespread usage. Also, the C# community offers several tools and resources for creating web applications that are updated and improved from time to time. The active community helps developers to ask questions and collaborate seamlessly with other developers. They can also access relevant information for building web applications with C#.
The robust language features of C# help develop scalable web applications. It also helps your software development team detect errors in early software development. Besides, you can ensure reliability, resulting in bug-free code. C# also improves the responsiveness of web applications by executing tasks together. In addition, C# enables data manipulation that improves code readability and prevents further complexities in web application development.
Therefore, consider using C# for your web development projects to discover the immense opportunities that lie ahead. The active community and its features can help you create quality web applications quickly and cost-effectively.
Also Read: Which Are the Top 8 In-Demand Programming Languages in the UK?
Frequently Asked Questions
Why should you choose C# for software development?
C# has several features that make it ideal for application development. One key benefit is its robust library support, strong typing, and all other features that enhance web development. Also, it is suitable for building secure, scalable, and high-performing applications.
How do you handle an outsourced C# development project?
Defining objectives and requirements is the priority while outsourcing software development. Also, evaluate the skills of your prospective C# development team, their work portfolio, industry experience, and client referrals. In addition, establish clear communication protocols, collaborate, and discuss ways to keep track of objectives and milestones.
Should I outsource C# application development?
Outsourcing C# application development tasks to a software development company gives you several benefits. Thus, you can access specialized skills since the development team of your outsourced partner is aware of the latest technology and best practices. Top of all, you can ensure a faster time to market as your outsourced partner knows how to speed up the development while you can sit back and relax.
Partner With ThinkPalm To Meet Your Software Development Needs
Suppose you are considering outsourcing web development projects; you can partner with ThinkPalm, the key provider of software development services in the UK.
We provide software development outsourcing services for client companies worldwide and companies engaged in software development services in the UK. You can leverage the expertise of our experienced team with the specialized skill set to keep your web application development intact. Our expert development team assists you in building robust, scalable, customized web applications.
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Importing Code in Polyglot Notebooks
|
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[
"Artificial Intelligence",
"Machine Learning",
"Data Science",
"Data Analytics",
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"Microsoft Azure",
"ML.NET",
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[
"Matt Eland"
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2023-05-15T00:00:00+00:00
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Let's take a look at how we can work with external code in Polyglot Notebooks using C# and magic commands.
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/img/FavIcon/apple-icon-57x57.png
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Accessible AI
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https://accessibleai.dev/post/polyglot_imports/
|
We’ve seen that Polyglot Notebooks allow you to mix together markdown and code (including C# code) in an interactive notebook and these notebooks allow you to share data between cells and between languages. However, frequently in programming you want to reference code that others have written without having to redefine everything yourself.
In this article we’ll explore how Polyglot Notebooks allows you to import dotnet code from stand-alone files, DLLs, and NuGet packages so your notebooks can take advantage of external code files and the same libraries that you can work with from your code in Visual Studio.
Importing Local Code Files
First of all, if you have a small amount of code that lives in an individual C# file and you wanted to reference it in your notebook, you can do this via the #!import magic command as shown below:
This assumes that there is a file named Person.cs in the current directory, but assuming it is present the code in that file will be imported as if you had declared it in your notebook.
This can be helpful for hiding code like test data or class definitions that isn’t the main focus of your notebook.
If your code file has issues, those issues will typically be displayed immediately below the cell as pictured below:
However, I have noticed at least one instance where an import silently failed and I could not immediately find a good answer as to why. If this happens to you, I recommend you check VS Code’s Output pane and look at the Polyglot Notebook : diagnostics data source for additional information.
NuGet Packages
Often in dotnet code you’ll want to refer to packages that others have created to complete common tasks. This could be anything from working with JSON, APIs, machine learning, to generating random data.
The standard dotnet package manager is NuGet Package Manager which many readers will be familiar with from development in Visual Studio.
It turns out that Polyglot Notebooks support importing NuGet packages via the #r magic command followed by the word nuget: and then the name of the package you wish to import.
For example, the following block of code imports the Microsoft.ML and Microsoft.ML.AutoML NuGet packages related to ML.NET into the Notebook:
When this cell runs you should see the following output:
After the NuGet packages are installed you’ll be able to access public classes and namespaces contained in that package, for example:
One additional thing I want to point out with installing NuGet packages is that some packages may contain extensions for Polyglot Notebooks. If that is the case, you will see those extensions detected and installed into your notebook automatically during their installation process.
Finally, you should note that only NuGet packages compatible with your version of the .NET SDK are ones you can install. Typically this will be something written targeting .NET Standard or .NET 6 or 7. See my article on installing Polyglot Notebooks for more information on .NET versions.
Pre-Release Packages
Sometimes you’ll want to refer to packages that are currently in pre-release. To work with these particular files, you’ll use slightly different syntax for importing them:
Here we import the Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive.SqlServer package which does not have a non-preview version available at the time of this writing.
If you do not include the , *-* syntax, NuGet will automatically exclude pre-release packages. This is usually a good thing unless you are trying to work with a NuGet package that is not yet released. In the case where a NuGet package is in pre-release, you need to use the , *-* syntax to refer to it successfully.
Custom NuGet Feeds
Sometimes you work with an organization or team that uses its own private NuGet feed. You can tell Polyglot Notebooks about these custom NuGet feeds via the #i syntax as shown below:
Now when you run NuGet install commands Polyglot Notebook will also search your custom NuGet feed.
Note: the above website is fictitious and should not be used. Replace this instead with your custom NuGet feed’s actual URL.
Most users won’t need to care about this feature, but this is very handy if you have a special shared NuGet feed that you and your team use.
Importing Local DLLs
If you want to work with a local .dll file with dotnet code, you can import that using the following code:
This is very similar to referencing a NuGet package, but doesn’t require the nuget: prefix and uses a path to the actual .dll file instead of relying on NuGet to find the dependency.
Realistically, you likely won’t work with this too much. I’ve used this feature to test local projects before publishing them to NuGet and to demonstrate things at conferences where I knew I wouldn’t have reliable internet access to install remote dependencies.
Additionally, I’ve noticed that while referencing NuGet packages extensions are installed automatically, this does not seem to happen when installing .dll files directly.
Still, being able to work with local .dll files can be handy in certain circumstances.
Closing Thoughts
While some of these magic commands to import dependencies can be slightly hard to recall exactly, these commands allow you to quickly and easily work with code outside of your notebooks.
This allows you to focus your notebooks on larger tasks by referencing utilities and libraries from other packages.
Later on this week I’ll illustrate how helpful this can be for working with things like ML .NET for Machine Learning and Azure Cognitive Services inside of Polyglot Notebooks.
Finally, never underestimate the value of importing a simple code file in simplifying your notebooks by pulling non-critical code out of the notebook and into a separate file.
I love Polyglot Notebooks and being able to work with other code from our notebooks just makes them even more awesome.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuGet
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Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico
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[
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2010-11-06T13:35:28+00:00
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|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NuGet
|
.NET package manager
"Nuget" redirects here. Not to be confused with Nugget.
NuGetDeveloper(s)Microsoft, .NET FoundationInitial release5 October 2010; 13 years ago ( )Stable release
6.10[1] / 22 May 2024; 2 months ago ( )
Preview release
6.11.0.71[2] / 30 May 2024; 2 months ago ( )
Repositorygithub .com /NuGet /HomeWritten inC#Platform.NET FrameworkTypePackage management systemLicenseApache License 2.0Websitewww .nuget .org
NuGet (pronounced "New Get")[3] is a package manager, primarily used for packaging and distributing software written using .NET and the .NET Framework. The Outercurve Foundation initially created it under the name NuPack.[4][5] Since its introduction in 2010, NuGet has evolved into a larger ecosystem of tools and services, including a free and open-source client application, hosted package servers, and software deployment tools.[6]
Overview
[edit]
A NuGet package is a single ZIP file that bears a .nupack or .nupkg filename extension and contains .NET assemblies and their needed files, with a manifest file describing its contents.[7] Developers may create these packages with the NuGet client app and publish them in private or public repositories.[7]
NuGet was initially distributed as a Visual Studio extension. Starting with Visual Studio 2012, both Visual Studio and Visual Studio for Mac can natively utilise NuGet packages. NuGet's client, nuget.exe is a free and open-source, command-line app that can both create and consume packages. MSBuild and .NET Core SDK (dotnet.exe) can use it when it is present.[7] NuGet is also integrated with JetBrains Rider.[8]
It supports multiple programming languages, including:
.NET Framework packages
.NET packages
Native packages written in C++,[9] with package creation aided by CoApp
See also
[edit]
Free software portal
Binary repository manager
Chocolatey
ProGet
Software repository
Web Platform Installer
WinOps
Windows Package Manager
References
[edit]
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https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-install-nuget-package-in-c/
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How to Install Nuget Package in C#?
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"Data Structures",
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"SQL",
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[
"GeeksforGeeks"
] |
2022-12-11T12:00:10
|
A Computer Science portal for geeks. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions.
|
en
|
GeeksforGeeks
|
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/how-to-install-nuget-package-in-c/
|
In this tutorial, we will be seeing how to install NuGet packages in C#. NuGet is the official package-manager for .NET. Packages are basically compiled libraries with some descriptive metadata. NuGet is an important tool for any modern development platform through which developers can create, share, and consume useful code. NuGet packages can also be defined as “re-usable and pre-defined pieces of code which benefit other developers as well”.
Prerequisites: Visual Studio, Stable Internet, C#
Downloading and Installation of Nuget package in C#
Follow the further steps to install Nuget Package in C#
Step 1: Creating or Opening an existing project
NuGet packets are installed in projects and hence we first need to create a project or open an existing one.
In this particular tutorial, we will be creating a MVC project. Here we are using Visual Studio 2019 and naming the project as NugetDemo.
Click on create a new project and choose ASP.NET Web Application(.NET Framework) and click next.
Step 2: Then we name the project. Here it is named as NugetDemo and click Create.
Step 3: Next click MVC and click on the create button.
After following the above steps, the project has been created and we shall now see the NuGet Package Installation. We are going to be installing the Bootstrap package. For more details on Bootstrap click here.
There are multiple approaches to do so.
Approach 1: Using Packet manager console to install Bootstrap package
Step 4: Go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Packet Manager Console
Step 5: Installing via commands
The general command syntax: Install-Package <package_name>
For Bootstrap the command will be: Install-Package bootstrap
Once installed you will get the following screen.
Note: You can even specify the version name however by default it is the latest one like in case of bootstrap it is 5.2.2.
For Bootstrap the command with the version specified will be: Install-Package bootstrap -Version 5.2.2
Once installed, you will get the following acknowledgment.
Approach 2: Using Manage packages for solution to install Bootstrap package
Step 4: Go to Tools->NuGet Package Manager->Manage NuGet Packages for Solution…
The below screen will appear and now search for the required package in Browse, and choose the version(optional).
Step 5: Click install on the bottom right corner.
After clicking install wait for a few seconds and you shall get a confirmation as follows:
Note: In order to install or uninstall NuGet packages make sure your project is not running. If it is, stop running, install or uninstall and then build the project and run.
|
|||||
8582
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 20
|
https://zerotomastery.io/blog/what-is-c-sharp-used-for/
|
en
|
What Is C# Used For? Pretty Much Everything!
|
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] | null |
[
"Claudio Bernasconi"
] |
2023-11-10T00:00:00
|
C# can build anything from Desktop + Web Apps to Cloud Integrations, Games, Automations + more. In this guide, I walk through why it works so well in each area.
|
en
|
/favicon-32x32.png?v=d0a70af7f35f5943c7e28883adbbb7fd
|
Zero To Mastery
|
https://zerotomastery.io/blog/what-is-c-sharp-used-for/
|
C# is a simple, general-purpose, and fundamentally object-oriented programming language for the .NET platform. It follows clear standards, utilizes strong typing, and manages memory using garbage collection.
That’s not the only benefit though. The .NET platform is incredibly secure, provides a great runtime performance, while the C# compiler, (combined with Visual Studio or JetBrains Rider), provides a great developer experience.
It's a veritable buffet of benefits!
And because modern .NET is cross-platform, it means you can use C# to develop applications running on different operating systems and different kinds of devices, including Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, as well as client and server applications.
Common examples are:
Desktop Applications
Web Applications
Cloud APIs and Integrations
Enterprise Cross-Platform Applications
Mobile Development
Game Development
Task Automation, and more!
In this article, we’ll take a deeper into each of these areas, along with some additional benefits, examples, and reasons why C# works so well in each area.
So let’s dive in!
Sidenote: If you want to learn more about C#, then check out my C#/.NET Bootcamp course.
This is the only course you need to learn C# programming and master the .NET platform.
No previous coding experience required - you’ll learn C# programming from scratch, including powerful skills like data structures, object-oriented programming (OOP), and testing. All while building your own projects, so you can get hired as a C#/.NET Developer in 2024!
Check it out above, or watch the first few videos here for free.
Anyways, with that out of the way, let’s get into the guide and see why C# is so awesome at some many things!
C# use case 1: Cross-platform Desktop Applications
One of their biggest strengths of C# for desktop applications is cross-platform support.
This means you're not limited to running your applications on Windows - they also work on macOS and Linux.
The .NET platform provides Windows Forms and WPF as established Windows desktop development frameworks, while AvaloniaUI and Platform Uno also provide a more modern and future-proof option.
C# use case 2: Web Applications
C# works great for web applications, and has a heap of options to help you build.
In fact, ASP.NET Core is incredibly flexible, allowing you to use the approach that fits your programming style and your web application's requirements best.
Want to build an app?
A lot of popular apps are built using C#, such as:
Microsoft Office Suite
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Skype
Microsoft Teams
AutoCAD
GitHub Desktop
Paint 3D
Paint.NET
JetBrains Rider
Want to build a single page app?
The ASP.NET Core Web Framework is built on .NET, which allows for building rich UI web applications such as single-page applications.
As well as ASP.NET Core MVC and Razor Pages, you also have Blazor which allows you to build modern single-page applications using a component-driven programming model.
In fact, with .NET 8, Blazor allows you to decide the rendering mode on a component level!
This means that you can have a fast initial download of your website or web application, as well as rich interactivity for specific components using a web socket connection and server-side rendering (Blazor Server) or client-side rendering using web assembly (Blazor + WebAssembly).
Zoom zoom!
Want to build a backend?
If all you want to build is a backend, you can easily use a REST API with ASP.NET Core WebAPI, as it supports authentication, provides various security tools, and has fast performance.
C# use case 3: Cloud APIs and Integrations
If you want to quickly integrate a service with your application, Azure Function or AWS Lambda are great cloud-native services you can develop using C#.
And the best part?
You don't even need to create and host a whole application! Instead, you only write the business code that transforms your data or calls the remote API you consume.
C# use case 4: Enterprise Cross-Platform Applications
Enterprise-grade software requires complex architecture and multiple integration with other services, APIs, or UI components.
Good news for us, is that the .NET ecosystem provides more than 300,000 Nuget packages containing reusable building blocks for your application.
All these C# class libraries make sharing code between internal and external applications so easy. Once compiled, it can be integrated into all of your .NET applications.
Add in the fact that robust IDEs like Visual Studio and JetBrains Rider that work with C#, also provide tools to build scalable and long-term maintainable enterprise-grade applications, and you have a win:win situation for C# + Enterprise.
C# use case 5: Mobile Development
Xamarin Forms and .NET MAUI are Microsoft-developed mobile development technologies that allow the use of C# to implement mobile applications for Android and iOS.
These (and other 3rd party frameworks that we mentioned earlier) allow you to cross-compile C# code to native mobile applications with ease.
The most important benefits of using C# to build mobile applications though? You also get to work in a large open-source ecosystem, and the component-driven UI frameworks allow for simple user interface development.
C# use case 6: Game Development
Ignoring the whole debacle with the recent payment issues, Unity is still one of the most popular game engines for game development, and is written entirely in C#.
This means that if you ever want to change careers and build the next Stardew Valley, then you can use your C# programming knowledge to implement 2D and 3D games on a powerful modern game engine.
Fun fact: Stardew Valley was built as a side project by a single developer, and has grossed over $131.8 Million dollars on the Steam store alone!
Another added bonus for game devs using C#, is that you can reuse C# code developed for other projects, and you get strong typing, helping you prevent bugs. This means less effort and mistakes!
Finally, just like the other program categories on this list, you also have multiple options for game development. Besides Unity, you can also use C# to develop games based on the Godot game engine.
C# use case 7: Task automation
Got a repetitive task and want to save time on it, such as formatting a spreadsheet for a report?
Well, good news! C# is also able to to create automation tools and scripts for various purposes, including system administration, data processing, and testing.
C# console applications give you access to its vast ecosystem and powerful typing system, allowing you to build fast and maintainable task automation, saving you time, money, and sanity!
What will you build first with C#?
As you can see, C# allows you to build pretty much whatever type of application you need or want! This means you can learn a single language, and have access to building all of those different kinds of applications.
The trick is just learning and then deciding what to build!
Speaking of which, if you do want to learn C#, then I highly recommend my C# and .NET Bootcamp, or get started watching the first few videos here for free.
It’s the only course you need to learn C# programming and master the .NET platform, and it’s updated every year.
It doesn’t even matter if you’re brand new to programming, as I’ll walk you through it all step-by-step, so that by the end of the course, you’ll have built some impressive projects, and be able to be hired as a C# / .NET developer!
|
||||
8582
|
dbpedia
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0
| 97
|
https://serilog.net/
|
en
|
Serilog — simple .NET logging with fully
|
[
"https://serilog.net/img/pluralsight-light.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
favicon.png
| null |
Why Serilog?
Like many other libraries for .NET, Serilog provides diagnostic logging to files, the console, and elsewhere. It is easy to set up, has a clean API, and is portable between recent .NET platforms.
Unlike other logging libraries, Serilog is built with powerful structured event data in mind.
Text formatting with a twist
Serilog message templates are a simple DSL extending .NET format strings. Parameters can be named, and their values are serialized as properties on the event for incredible searching and sorting flexibility:
var position = new { Latitude = 25, Longitude = 134 }; var elapsedMs = 34; log.Information("Processed {@Position} in {Elapsed:000} ms.", position, elapsedMs);
This example records two properties, Position and Elapsed along with the log event. The properties captured in the example, in JSON format, would appear like:
{"Position": {"Latitude": 25, "Longitude": 134}, "Elapsed": 34}
The @ operator in front of Position tells Serilog to serialize the object passed in, rather than convert it using ToString().
The :000 segment following Elapsed is a standard .NET format string that affects how the property is rendered. The console sink included with Serilog will display the above message as:
09:14:22 [Information] Processed { Latitude: 25, Longitude: 134 } in 034 ms.
|
|||||||
8582
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dbpedia
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1
| 34
|
https://github.com/Const-me/Whisper
|
en
|
performance GPGPU inference of OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) model
|
https://opengraph.githubassets.com/7c2fe9aa963b972c4bee06a47743fa7c3e4d7fe99d46efab00c569ed71f50258/Const-me/Whisper
|
https://opengraph.githubassets.com/7c2fe9aa963b972c4bee06a47743fa7c3e4d7fe99d46efab00c569ed71f50258/Const-me/Whisper
|
[
"https://github.com/Const-me/Whisper/raw/master/gui-load-model.png",
"https://github.com/Const-me/Whisper/raw/master/gui-transcribe.png",
"https://github.com/Const-me/Whisper/raw/master/gui-capture.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Const-me"
] | null |
High-performance GPGPU inference of OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) model - Const-me/Whisper
|
en
|
GitHub
|
https://github.com/Const-me/Whisper
|
This project is a Windows port of the whisper.cpp implementation.
Which in turn is a C++ port of OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition (ASR) model.
Download WhisperDesktop.zip from the “Releases” section of this repository, unpack the ZIP, and run WhisperDesktop.exe.
On the first screen it will ask you to download a model.
I recommend ggml-medium.bin (1.42GB in size), because I’ve mostly tested the software with that model.
The next screen allows to transcribe an audio file.
There’s another screen which allows to capture and transcribe or translate live audio from a microphone.
Vendor-agnostic GPGPU based on DirectCompute; another name for that technology is “compute shaders in Direct3D 11”
Plain C++ implementation, no runtime dependencies except essential OS components
Much faster than OpenAI’s implementation.
On my desktop computer with GeForce 1080Ti GPU, medium model, 3:24 min speech took 45 seconds to transcribe with PyTorch and CUDA, but only 19 seconds with my implementation and DirectCompute.
Funfact: that’s 9.63 gigabytes runtime dependencies, versus 431 kilobytes Whisper.dll
Mixed F16 / F32 precision: Windows requires support of R16_FLOAT buffers since D3D version 10.0
Built-in performance profiler which measures execution time of individual compute shaders
Low memory usage
Media Foundation for audio handling, supports most audio and video formats (with the notable exception of Ogg Vorbis), and most audio capture devices which work on Windows (except some professional ones, which only implementing ASIO API).
Voice activity detection for audio capture.
The implementation is based on the 2009 article “A simple but efficient real-time voice activity detection algorithm” by Mohammad Moattar and Mahdi Homayoonpoor.
Easy to use COM-style API. Idiomatic C# wrapper available on nuget.
Version 1.10 introduced scripting support for PowerShell 5.1, that’s the older “Windows PowerShell” version which comes pre-installed on Windows.
Pre-built binaries available
The only supported platform is 64-bit Windows.
Should work on Windows 8.1 or newer, but I have only tested on Windows 10.
The library requires a Direct3D 11.0 capable GPU, which in 2023 simply means “any hardware GPU”. The most recent GPU without D3D 11.0 support was Intel Sandy Bridge from 2011.
On the CPU side, the library requires AVX1 and F16C support.
Clone this repository
Open WhisperCpp.sln in Visual Studio 2022. I’m using the freeware community edition, version 17.4.4.
Switch to Release configuration
Build and run CompressShaders C# project, in the Tools subfolder of the solution. To run that project, right click in visual studio, “Set as startup project”, then in the main menu of VS “Debug / Start Without Debugging”. When completed successfully, you should see a console window with a line like that:
Compressed 46 compute shaders, 123.5 kb -> 18.0 kb
Build Whisper project to get the native DLL, or WhisperNet for the C# wrapper and nuget package, or the examples.
If you gonna consume the library in a software built with Visual C++ 2022 or newer, you probably redistribute Visual C++ runtime DLLs in the form of the .msm merge module, or vc_redist.x64.exe binary.
If you do that, right click on the Whisper project, Properties, C/C++, Code Generation, switch “Runtime Library” setting from Multi-threaded (/MT) to Multi-threaded DLL (/MD), and rebuild: the binary will become smaller.
The library includes RenderDoc GPU debugger integration.
When launched your program from RenderDoc, hold F12 key to capture the compute calls.
If you gonna debug HLSL shaders, use the debug build of the DLL, it includes debug build of the shaders and you’ll get better UX in the debugger.
The repository includes a lot of code which was only used for development: couple alternative model implementations, compatible FP64 versions of some compute shaders, debug tracing and the tool to compare the traces, etc.
That stuff is disabled by preprocessor macros or constexpr flags, I hope it’s fine to keep here.
I have a limited selection of GPUs in this house.
Specifically, I have optimized for nVidia 1080Ti, Radeon Vega 8 inside Ryzen 7 5700G, and Radeon Vega 7 inside Ryzen 5 5600U.
Here’s the summary.
The nVidia delivers relative speed 5.8 for the large model, 10.6 for the medium model.
The AMD Ryzen 5 5600U APU delivers relative speed about 2.2 for the medium model. Not great, but still, much faster than realtime.
I have also tested on nVidia 1650: slower than 1080Ti but pretty good, much faster than realtime.
I have also tested on Intel HD Graphics 4000 inside Core i7-3612QM, the relative speed was 0.14 for medium model, 0.44 for small model. That’s much slower than realtime, but I was happy to find my software works even on the integrated mobile GPU launched in 2012.
I’m not sure the performance is ideal on discrete AMD GPUs, or integrated Intel GPUs, have not specifically optimized for them.
Ideally, they might need slightly different builds of a couple of the most expensive compute shaders, mulMatTiled.hlsl and mulMatByRowTiled.hlsl
And maybe other adjustments, like the useReshapedMatMul() value in Whisper/D3D/device.h header file.
I don’t know how to measure that, but I have a feeling the bottleneck is memory, not compute.
Someone on Hacker News has tested on 3060Ti, the version with GDDR6 memory. Compared to 1080Ti, that GPU has 1.3x FP32 FLOPS, but 0.92x VRAM bandwidth. The app was about 10% slower on the 3060Ti.
I have only spent a few days optimizing performance of these shaders.
It might be possible to do much better, here’s a few ideas.
Newer GPUs like Radeon Vega or nVidia 1650 have higher FP16 performance compared to FP32, yet my compute shaders are only using FP32 data type.
Half The Precision, Twice The Fun
In the current version, FP16 tensors are using shader resource views to upcast loaded values, and unordered access views to downcast stored ones.
Might be a good idea to switch to byte address buffers, load/store complete 4-bytes values, and upcast / downcast in HLSL with f16tof32 / f32tof16 intrinsics.
In the current version all shaders are compiled offline, and Whisper.dll includes DXBC byte codes.
The HLSL compiler D3DCompiler_47.dll is an OS component, and is pretty fast. For the expensive compute shaders, it’s probably a good idea to ship HLSL instead of DXBC, and compile on startup with environment-specific values for the macros.
It might be a good idea to upgrade the whole thing from D3D11 to D3D12.
The newer API is harder to use, but includes potentially useful features not exposed to D3D11: wave intrinsics, and explicit FP16.
Automatic language detection is not implemented.
In the current version there’s high latency for realtime audio capture.
Specifically, depending on voice detection the figure is about 5-10 seconds.
At least in my tests, the model wasn’t happy when I supplied too short pieces of the audio.
I have increased the latency and called it a day, but ideally this needs a better fix for optimal UX.
From my perspective, this is an unpaid hobby project, which I completed over the 2022-23 winter holydays.
The code probably has bugs.
The software is provided “as is”, without warranty of any kind.
Thanks to Georgi Gerganov for whisper.cpp implementation, and the models in GGML binary format.
I don’t program Python, and I don’t know anything about the ML ecosystem.
I wouldn’t even start this project without a good C++ reference implementation, to test my version against.
That whisper.cpp project has an example which uses the same GGML implementation to run another OpenAI’s model, GPT-2.
It shouldn’t be hard to support that ML model with the compute shaders and relevant infrastructure already implemented in this project.
|
|||
8582
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dbpedia
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0
| 54
|
https://www.codemag.com/Article/2109091/Working-with-NuGet-Local-Packages
|
en
|
Working with NuGet Local Packages
|
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Working with NuGet Local Packages
|
en
|
/Images/CodeIcon.png
|
https://www.codemag.com/Article/2109091/Working-with-NuGet-Local-Packages
|
The Microsoft .NET Framework comes in two flavors: conventional .NET Framework, which versions out at 4.8, and .NET Core Framework, which is currently at version 5. Neither framework has classes that provide solutions for all possible tasks. When either framework requires additional classes, a developer creates a class project, writes code, and references the class project in one or more other projects. It isn't necessary to write all these classes yourself; Microsoft provides classes in packages delivered through NuGet.
NuGet host packages are compressed files (with an extension of .nupkg) that are dependent on the publisher target of one or more .NET Frameworks. They include dependencies which, if missing, are installed along with the package.
For example, let's say that a developer intends to interact with a SQL Server database using Entity Framework. The package requires other packages, dependencies. When installing this package or other packages with known dependencies, NuGet installs these packages.
Although there are several methods for interacting with packages from installation to uninstalling from the command line or inside of Visual Studio, this article focuses on using NuGet inside of Visual Studio 2019, which provides tools natively for working with NuGet packages.
In order to access NuGet functionality, you can choose accessing the NuGet Package Manager from Visual Studio's project menu, right-clicking on the top branch of a solution in Solution Explorer, right-clicking on a project node in Solution Explorer, or using the NuGet Package Manager Console. For those new to Visual Studio and working with NuGet packages, start with the NuGet Package Manager, as there are details not available from the NuGet Package Manager Console.
Developers can not only consume packages but also create their own packages published locally. Local packages can be on a developer computer for single use or on a shared location for a team of developers to consume.
In this article, you'll learn how to write code to publish to a local source, which entails testing code intended for publishing as a NuGet package and publishing a package.
Requirements
In order to follow along, you'll need the following items:
Microsoft Visual Studio 2019 or higher, community edition or higher
.NET Core
An individual or organization NuGet account using a Microsoft account
Setting Up NuGet
For publishing a local package, you'll need NuGet CLI (Command Line Interface). Make sure to add the executable to the Windows path, as outlined in the instructions.
Install the NuGet.Commandline interface from a PowerShell window.
Set Up the Local Feed Folder
A local feed is a physical folder that a developer creates under Visual Studio options, NuGet Package Manager, Package Sources add the folder to the list of package sources. When limited to a single developer, consider a path like C:\NuGetLocal. For a team, the folder needs a location where all team members have proper permissions and access to the folder. NuGet supports feeds using a local server and remote private feeds, which is another option for teams. See Microsoft documentation for various options for remote private feeds.
Set Up Visual Studio for Local Feed
From Visual Studio's menu, select Tools > Options, and then enter NuGet in the search input. Select the suitable Package Sources, as shown in Figure 1, followed by clicking the green plus button to add your path from set up local feed folder. Provide a name, and then click the OK button.
What to Publish Locally
Candidates for local packages range from proprietary code to an organization, to code that includes licensed third-party packages, to class projects that enforce internal code standards.
Unit Test
Before publishing a package, create a unit test project with sufficient test to verify code functions properly. The accompanying Visual Studio solution provides examples for unit testing, as shown in Figure 2.
Documentation
I recommend including a readme.md file and a document file that describes the library, classes, and methods included as well as known issues.
There are many packages hosted on NuGet that have no documentation, which means that the consumer must have an understanding of the library. It doesn't matter if the package is local or public; consider documenting code for future users.
The level of detail in documentation is dependent on the audience. For example, documentation might be for a team of developers that provides just enough information, as shown in Figure 3. For public consumption, more details are needed, along with code samples.
Preparing for Publishing
From project properties for the intended project, select the Package tab.
Check Generate NuGet package on build.
Populate Package ID with a unique identifier. If the identifier is already in use, you'll see an error
Provide a license.
It's highly recommended that you include an icon file to distinguish your package from other packages.
When appropriate, include the address for the source repository under the Repository URL.
For a complete list for setting properties, see the main readme file included with source code.
Packages can have a text file displayed once an installation has completed. To include a text file, add readme.txt to the root of the project. To select properties for the readme.txt, set Copy to Output Direction to Copy if newer. Add content for a consumer to read.
Publishing to a Local Feed
There are two ways to publish a package to a local feed. The first is to construct a command composed of a call to a NuGet executable with parameters that may be executed from a command or PowerShell window. This can end up as a tedious process.
The second method uses a utility written in C#, as shown in Figure 4.
Benefits for option two, utility-based publishing, include:
Providing a visual of all packages in the current Visual Studio solution
Publishing a package by selecting a package and version
Configuring through code and/or a JSON setting file
To remove a package from a local feed, use the Delete command, as described in the documentation under Secondary commands.
The publishing utility doesn't provide a remove package option. Instead, it's easier to open to the local feed folder by clicking the Open local feed folder button, as shown in Figure 4, and perform a Delete action from Windows Explorer. You can add more options to this utility, but that's beyond the scope of this article.
The local feed folder and path to the NuGet path are stored in a simple configuration file, which needs to be set up for your computer prior to running the utility.
{ "NuGetExecutable": "C:\NuGetStuff\\nuget.exe", "PackageLocation": "C:\NuGetLocal" }
In the configuration above, the first line points to where NuGet has been installed and the second line points to the local feed folder, the same folder as is set up in Visual Studio > Options > NuGet options.
Sample Code
The sample code (downloadable from the online version of this article) provides two class projects that are ready to publish to a local feed, plus a test project to test consuming these two projects. The unit test projects provide validation code that will tell you if the two test projects work correctly.
Steps to working with the sample code:
Create a folder on your C drive for publishing local packages.
Edit appsettings.json in the Publisher project. Set the PackageLocation property to the local feed folder created above, followed by setting the NuGetExecutable property to the NuGet.exe location even if it's in the PATH for the current computer.
Build the solution.
Open Test Explorer and run all tests.
Run Publisher and select a project and version, as shown in Figure 4, followed by clicking the Publish button.
Once published, a dialog appears indicating that the operation has completed.
Click the Open local feed folder button, which opens Windows Explorer to visually validate that the code has run successfully.
Resources
Additional resources for working with NuGet packages can be located with the included source code in the online version of the magazine.
Summary
NuGet provides more offering the consumption of other developer's packages. If you follow information provided in this article, you can host local packages.
|
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https://zerotomastery.io/blog/what-is-c-sharp-used-for/
|
en
|
What Is C# Used For? Pretty Much Everything!
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[
"Claudio Bernasconi"
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2023-11-10T00:00:00
|
C# can build anything from Desktop + Web Apps to Cloud Integrations, Games, Automations + more. In this guide, I walk through why it works so well in each area.
|
en
|
/favicon-32x32.png?v=d0a70af7f35f5943c7e28883adbbb7fd
|
Zero To Mastery
|
https://zerotomastery.io/blog/what-is-c-sharp-used-for/
|
C# is a simple, general-purpose, and fundamentally object-oriented programming language for the .NET platform. It follows clear standards, utilizes strong typing, and manages memory using garbage collection.
That’s not the only benefit though. The .NET platform is incredibly secure, provides a great runtime performance, while the C# compiler, (combined with Visual Studio or JetBrains Rider), provides a great developer experience.
It's a veritable buffet of benefits!
And because modern .NET is cross-platform, it means you can use C# to develop applications running on different operating systems and different kinds of devices, including Internet of Things (IoT) solutions, as well as client and server applications.
Common examples are:
Desktop Applications
Web Applications
Cloud APIs and Integrations
Enterprise Cross-Platform Applications
Mobile Development
Game Development
Task Automation, and more!
In this article, we’ll take a deeper into each of these areas, along with some additional benefits, examples, and reasons why C# works so well in each area.
So let’s dive in!
Sidenote: If you want to learn more about C#, then check out my C#/.NET Bootcamp course.
This is the only course you need to learn C# programming and master the .NET platform.
No previous coding experience required - you’ll learn C# programming from scratch, including powerful skills like data structures, object-oriented programming (OOP), and testing. All while building your own projects, so you can get hired as a C#/.NET Developer in 2024!
Check it out above, or watch the first few videos here for free.
Anyways, with that out of the way, let’s get into the guide and see why C# is so awesome at some many things!
C# use case 1: Cross-platform Desktop Applications
One of their biggest strengths of C# for desktop applications is cross-platform support.
This means you're not limited to running your applications on Windows - they also work on macOS and Linux.
The .NET platform provides Windows Forms and WPF as established Windows desktop development frameworks, while AvaloniaUI and Platform Uno also provide a more modern and future-proof option.
C# use case 2: Web Applications
C# works great for web applications, and has a heap of options to help you build.
In fact, ASP.NET Core is incredibly flexible, allowing you to use the approach that fits your programming style and your web application's requirements best.
Want to build an app?
A lot of popular apps are built using C#, such as:
Microsoft Office Suite
Microsoft Outlook
Microsoft Skype
Microsoft Teams
AutoCAD
GitHub Desktop
Paint 3D
Paint.NET
JetBrains Rider
Want to build a single page app?
The ASP.NET Core Web Framework is built on .NET, which allows for building rich UI web applications such as single-page applications.
As well as ASP.NET Core MVC and Razor Pages, you also have Blazor which allows you to build modern single-page applications using a component-driven programming model.
In fact, with .NET 8, Blazor allows you to decide the rendering mode on a component level!
This means that you can have a fast initial download of your website or web application, as well as rich interactivity for specific components using a web socket connection and server-side rendering (Blazor Server) or client-side rendering using web assembly (Blazor + WebAssembly).
Zoom zoom!
Want to build a backend?
If all you want to build is a backend, you can easily use a REST API with ASP.NET Core WebAPI, as it supports authentication, provides various security tools, and has fast performance.
C# use case 3: Cloud APIs and Integrations
If you want to quickly integrate a service with your application, Azure Function or AWS Lambda are great cloud-native services you can develop using C#.
And the best part?
You don't even need to create and host a whole application! Instead, you only write the business code that transforms your data or calls the remote API you consume.
C# use case 4: Enterprise Cross-Platform Applications
Enterprise-grade software requires complex architecture and multiple integration with other services, APIs, or UI components.
Good news for us, is that the .NET ecosystem provides more than 300,000 Nuget packages containing reusable building blocks for your application.
All these C# class libraries make sharing code between internal and external applications so easy. Once compiled, it can be integrated into all of your .NET applications.
Add in the fact that robust IDEs like Visual Studio and JetBrains Rider that work with C#, also provide tools to build scalable and long-term maintainable enterprise-grade applications, and you have a win:win situation for C# + Enterprise.
C# use case 5: Mobile Development
Xamarin Forms and .NET MAUI are Microsoft-developed mobile development technologies that allow the use of C# to implement mobile applications for Android and iOS.
These (and other 3rd party frameworks that we mentioned earlier) allow you to cross-compile C# code to native mobile applications with ease.
The most important benefits of using C# to build mobile applications though? You also get to work in a large open-source ecosystem, and the component-driven UI frameworks allow for simple user interface development.
C# use case 6: Game Development
Ignoring the whole debacle with the recent payment issues, Unity is still one of the most popular game engines for game development, and is written entirely in C#.
This means that if you ever want to change careers and build the next Stardew Valley, then you can use your C# programming knowledge to implement 2D and 3D games on a powerful modern game engine.
Fun fact: Stardew Valley was built as a side project by a single developer, and has grossed over $131.8 Million dollars on the Steam store alone!
Another added bonus for game devs using C#, is that you can reuse C# code developed for other projects, and you get strong typing, helping you prevent bugs. This means less effort and mistakes!
Finally, just like the other program categories on this list, you also have multiple options for game development. Besides Unity, you can also use C# to develop games based on the Godot game engine.
C# use case 7: Task automation
Got a repetitive task and want to save time on it, such as formatting a spreadsheet for a report?
Well, good news! C# is also able to to create automation tools and scripts for various purposes, including system administration, data processing, and testing.
C# console applications give you access to its vast ecosystem and powerful typing system, allowing you to build fast and maintainable task automation, saving you time, money, and sanity!
What will you build first with C#?
As you can see, C# allows you to build pretty much whatever type of application you need or want! This means you can learn a single language, and have access to building all of those different kinds of applications.
The trick is just learning and then deciding what to build!
Speaking of which, if you do want to learn C#, then I highly recommend my C# and .NET Bootcamp, or get started watching the first few videos here for free.
It’s the only course you need to learn C# programming and master the .NET platform, and it’s updated every year.
It doesn’t even matter if you’re brand new to programming, as I’ll walk you through it all step-by-step, so that by the end of the course, you’ll have built some impressive projects, and be able to be hired as a C# / .NET developer!
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8582
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dbpedia
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3
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|
https://github.com/NuGet
|
en
|
NuGet
|
https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/968310?s=280&v=4
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https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/968310?s=280&v=4
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[] | null |
NuGet has 54 repositories available. Follow their code on GitHub.
|
en
|
GitHub
|
https://github.com/NuGet
|
Announcements Announcements Public
Subscribe to this repo to be notified of upcoming proposals and other important changes to NuGet
83 7
NuGet.Client NuGet.Client Public
Client Tools for NuGet - including Visual Studio extensions, command line tools, and msbuild support. (Open issues on https://github.com/nuget/home/issues)
C# 724 684
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8582
|
dbpedia
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| 40
|
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/376565/best-practice-to-develop-nuget-packages-for-base-functionality-alongside-main-ap
|
en
|
Best practice to develop nuget packages for base functionality alongside main application, which consumes the packages
|
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2018-08-08T07:51:06
|
I am trying to extract some core functionality out of my main application code, that doesn't change very often (e.g. logging, utils etc.).
Our current Situation:
A dev branch with all code in it....
|
en
|
https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/softwareengineering/Img/favicon.ico?v=c4f35a1e3900
|
Software Engineering Stack Exchange
|
https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/376565/best-practice-to-develop-nuget-packages-for-base-functionality-alongside-main-ap
|
Create a new repository for each of the libraries you want to create
Move the code into those repositories
Package each library as a versioned nuget package
In your Application, reference the nuget packages.
Stop making release branches. Merge your development branch into master when it is ready for release. Label that commit as version 1.x or whatever.
When you want to update one of your libraries, again don't make a release branch. just do the update and publish v1.2 of your nuget package. Update the Application to reference the new version.
|
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8582
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dbpedia
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0
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https://nlog-project.org/
|
en
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NLog
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Welcome to NLog!
NLog is a flexible and free logging platform for various .NET platforms, including .NET standard. NLog makes it easy to write to several targets. (database, file, console) and change the logging configuration on-the-fly.
NLog has support for structured and traditional logging.
The focus for NLog: high performance, easy-to-use, easy to extend and flexible to configure.
Targets
Targets are used to display, store or pass log messages to another destination. NLog can dynamically write to one of multiple targets for each log message.
There are more than 30 targets provided out-of-the-box, including:
Files
Write logs to any number of files, with automatic file naming and archival.
Event Log
Write to event log local or remote
Database
Store your logs in databases supported by .NET
Console
Write real-time to the command-line console including color coding of messages
E-mail
You can send emails whenever application errors occur
Debugger output
Write to the Debugger Output Window, when debugging the application.
There are also wrapper targets which provide buffering, load balancing, failover situations, asynchronous writing and many more scenarios. The full list of targets is available on the config options page. If you didn't find the target to fit your needs, you can easily write a custom one.
|
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8582
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dbpedia
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1
| 6
|
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-nuget/
|
en
|
What is NuGet?
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2020-06-15T02:48:51
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A Computer Science portal for geeks. It contains well written, well thought and well explained computer science and programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company interview Questions.
|
en
|
GeeksforGeeks
|
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/what-is-nuget/
|
NuGet is the official package-manager for .NET. Packages are basically compiled library with some descriptive metadata. NuGet is an essential tool for any modern development platform is a mechanism through which developers can create, share, and consume useful code. Often such code is bundled into “packages” that contain compiled code along with other content needed in the projects that consume these packages. NuGet package contains a single ZIP file with the extension of .nupkg that consists of compiled code (DLLs), and information like the package’s version number.
NuGet itself handles all of the intermediate details, for example if a developer with code who wants to share create a package and publish them on a public or private host. Package consumers then obtain those packages from the suitable hosts, and add them to their projects, and at last call a package functionality in their code. NuGet packages code that is developed by an organization can be used as it supports private hosts along with the public nugget.org host. NuGet packages can also be used in a convenient way to factor your code by using it in your projects. Nuget is considered as a shareable unit of code, but it doesn’t require any specific means of sharing.
It Provides:
NuGet provides the central nuget.org repository with support for private hosting.
NuGet provides the tools developers need for creating, publishing, and consuming packages.
NuGet maintains a reference list of packages used in a project and the ability to restore and update those packages from that list.
Beyond this, NuGet maintains all the specifications related to how packages are structured such as localization and how they are referenced. Nuget provides numerous APIs for working with all of its services programmatically as well as provides support for developers who publishes Visual Studio extensions.
NuGet provides a package cache and a global folder for packages to ease the installation along with the reinstallation process. The cache will be useful if there’s a package that already in the local machine.
NuGet helps in the overall dependency graph, this leads to avoiding multiple references to different versions of the same package. Some of the utility packages are employed by many other packages. So you could easily have more references to different versions of the same package. To avoid bringing the different versions of the same package into your project, NuGet sorts out which single version can be used by all the consumers. i.e. it solves dependency problems in one’s own project.
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https://ericsink.com/entries/dotnet_rust.html
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en
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My exploration of Rust and .NET
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[
""
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If this were a twelve-step meeting
ME: "Hi, my name is Eric, and I compulsively write code that hardly anybody else wants."
YOU (all together): "Hi Eric"
TLDR
I have been working on stuff that facilitates .NET development using Rust. My progress has reached a point where it looks like this could maybe become a real thing, but I'm not sure what to do with it. So I have decided to let you listen in while I ramble a bit.
Sometimes I write blog posts in a format I might describe as "pretending that the reader is asking me questions". This is one of those.
What is it?
The project I am discussing here, which does not yet have a name, consists of two main parts:
A "compiler" that takes LLVM bitcode from rustc and converts it into a .NET assembly
A tool to generate Rust bindings for other .NET assemblies so that Rust code can call existing .NET libraries
So the result is that Rust code can call .NET code, and vice versa.
Here's a Rust function which takes a string literal of digits, converts it to a .NET string, and then calls System.Int32.TryParse() on it:
fn int_tryparse_out_parm() -> bool { let s = "30579"; let s_clr = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8().GetString_1(s.as_bytes()); let mut result = 0; let b = System::Int32::TryParse_2(&s_clr, &mut result); return b && (result == 30579); }
Is this open source? Can I try it?
Sorry, not at this time. This project is currently taking place in a private repo until I decide if or how to take it forward.
What are all these terms?
Yeah, since this blog entry might be read by people who know .NET or Rust but not both, let's define some things.
In .NET, an "assembly" is code in its compiled form. A shared library. The file suffix is .DLL, regardless of whether the OS platform is Windows or Linux or Mac or whatever.
In Rust, the build tool is called "cargo". It manages dependencies on both local projects and external packages.
In Rust, a package is a "crate". The main package registry is https://crates.io
In .NET, a package is a "NuGet package". The main package registry is https://nuget.org
The .NET system is built around a core runtime called the Common Language Runtime (CLR). The low level language is called Common Intermediate Language (CIL), or MSIL, or just IL.
Rust is compiled to native code through LLVM, a huge and popular set of compiler tools and libraries. (LLVM was originally created right here in the town where I live, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.)
In Rust, referencing a part of a string or array is called a "slice". In .NET, this is called a "Span". Each side has memory safety rules about how such things can be used.
If .NET developers want interop with Rust, can't they just use P/Invoke?
Yes, well, that is the approach a sane person would use, isn't it?
What I'm exploring here is an alternative which could offer deeper integration between the Rust and .NET worlds.
How deep could that Rust/.NET integration go?
A lot deeper than P/Invoke, but probably not as deep as F#.
For those of you who use F#, you know how it constantly feels like you're straddling two worlds? The F# and C# worlds are both visible, and rather different.
Seq is an alias for IEnumerable.
For async, you can use the C# flavor or the F# flavor.
There are the F# collections, but you still have access to the stuff in System.Collections.Generic.
F# types like records and discriminated unions are not exposed to C#.
Naming conventions for identifiers are different
Rust in this project feels kinda like that, but the dissonance between Rust and .NET is even greater. For example, Rust has no garbage collector. Rust types like struct and enum are not are not exposed for use by other .NET stuff.
So even though P/Invoke is not involved, there is still a boundary between the Rust world and the world that C# sees.
How does the boundary between Rust and CLR work?
From the Rust perspective, the boundary is FFI ("extern"). Any Rust function which needs to be called by non-Rust CLR code should be "extern". The generated bindings for Rust to call other .NET stuff are in the form of extern functions. Just as with normal Rust, the only things that can cross that FFI boundary are simple types.
From the CLR perspective, interop with Rust/CLR code requires some of the same things as interop with native code through P/Invoke. Even when compiled for the CLR, Rust memory is "unmanaged" memory. The need to Marshal still applies. The binding generator handles a lot of this.
What currently works? What doesn't?
Nothing in this project is exhaustively tested. When I say something "works", I am speaking of a quality level such as "proof of concept". I have a small but growing test suite.
Converting LLVM bitcode to CIL generally works. I still find a bug every so often, and I expect to find more.
The binding generator can handle most of the surface area of the .NET class libraries.
Reference objects are wrapped in a struct and the methods for that class are placed in an impl block for that struct.
From the Rust point of view, things depending on the libcore and liballoc layers are working.
But Rust libstd is not implemented. The .NET bindings will become the basis for a .NET implementation of libstd. In other words, Rust file I/O (for example) would be implemented by calling .NET file I/O instead of libc.
Using Rust crates seems to work if they support no_std. For example, serde works.
Operator overloading in a C# type gets implemented on the Rust side using the corresponding traits.
The binding generator does not currently have a way to present a generic type as a Rust generic type.
The binding generator currently skips generic methods that have their own type parameters. I haven't figured out what to do about these yet.
.NET Task objects are wrapped on the Rust side like any other. I am hoping it will be possible to integrate Task with Rust futures and await, but I haven't looked closely at that yet.
Just how cool is this project?
I was hoping you would ask that, even though it's like asking a Mom how cute her baby is...
Here's something pretty cool: The binding generator has stuff to convert a Rust closure into a C# delegate.
fn mul_delegate() -> bool { let d = System::Func_i32_i32_i32_::create(|a,b| a * b); let x = d.Invoke_2(3,4); return x == 3 * 4; }
Now THAT is one seriously cute baby.
(Yeah, I know, you're distracted by the ugliness of System.Func<int,int,int> becoming System::Func_i32_i32_i32. Just nod and be polite, okay?)
Is this project related to that Wasm stuff you did?
Kinda. Not really.
My wasm2cil work is on GitHub here:
https://github.com/ericsink/wasm2cil
There have been some copy-and-paste episodes between wasm2cil and this project, but the two are generally quite different, because WebAssembly and LLVM bitcode are quite different.
What does the implementation of this project look like?
The compiler and the binding generator are both written in F#, but the resulting assemblies have no F# dependencies.
Assembly generation is currently done using Mono.Cecil. I keep looking at System.Reflection.Metadata and thinking about it.
If this project has a future, it should eventually be re-written in Rust. Any decent compiler should be able to self-compile.
How does the CIL generation work?
First, generate LLVM bitcode using "cargo xbuild" with a custom target and a special linker.
Then, use LLVMSharp to read that .bc file, and Mono.Cecil to write it out as a .NET assembly.
The conversion of bitcode to CIL is where most of the magic happens.
Wait, I thought LLVM bitcode was non-portable?
It is. The way I am using bitcode is "a pathway to many abilities, some considered to be unnatural".
I do really wish that LLVM bitcode was available in a well-specified portable subset of some kind. A little googling has revealed that others have wanted this too, but the notion has apparently never gained any real traction.
Wasm would be a great alternative if it supported (a) 64 bits, and (b) optional use of non-sandboxed memory. For (a), I assume that Wasm64 will eventually happen, but I see no reason why they would do (b). Wasm's reason for existence is safety, not to provide the compiler world a portable assembly language.
So I find myself using LLVM bitcode and trying to deal with the places where arch-specific stuff creeps in.
Strangely, even though everybody says that LLVM bitcode is not portable, it's actually kinda close. For example, my CIL code generator doesn't actually care whether the Rust custom target arch is x64 or ARM64 -- it works fine either way.
I'm confused -- how can you compile a low-level language for the CLR?
Recall that CLR stands for COMMON Language Runtime. The CLR actually has good support for lower-level languages, even though none of the mainstream CLR languages actually make much use of those features.
Would this bc-to-CIL approach work for C/C++ too?
In theory, yes.
In more practical terms, confining my efforts to Rust is making things much simpler. C/C++ has several decades more baggage.
Isn't the Rust memory model really different from C#?
Yep. But here again, the CLR offers garbage collection, but it doesn't force you to use it. Nothing prevents us from using manual memory management.
Rust code compiled for the CLR still has the same memory model as any other Rust code.
How does Rust liballoc work?
Currently the allocator I give to Rust is implemented by simply calling AllocHGlobal and AllocHFree. I threw this in as a temporary solution, figuring I would need to replace it with a real malloc of some kind. Strangely, it isn't as slow as I expected.
Overall, how is the performance of this project?
I've done no real benchmarks, but roughly speaking, it appears the performance of "Rust CLR" is in the same ballpark as "Rust native".
I've seen some cases where "Rust CLR" actually seems to be faster, but I haven't investigated thoroughly. It makes sense that the JIT would win at least some of the time.
How do you deal with Rust's lack of function overloading?
That issue has been quite a problem. Naming things is hard.
You may have already noticed in the Rust code snippets above that names are a bit weird. For example, how do I generate a binding for System.Console.WriteLine(), which has multiple overloads?
fn write_string(s : &String) { let s_clr = System::Text::Encoding::UTF8().GetString_1(s.as_bytes()); System::Console::WriteLine_1(&s_clr); }
Under the hood, the binding generator gives every method an ugly-but-unique name like "void__WriteLine__1__String". At a higher layer, Rust traits are used to provide friendlier names to the developer.
But how to deal with those names? There are several approaches to this kind of problem, and all of them have tradeoffs. My current path is to implement all of them, and then experiment with actual usage to see how they work out.
For example, Rust can simulate function overloading using traits if number of parameters does not vary. So one of the techniques I'm taking for a test drive is to add a suffix _N for the number of params. This is the approach shown in the snippet above, where WriteLine has taken on the name WriteLine_1, because it has one parameter.
Another approach is to use tuples, but the extra set of parenthesis is ugly.
Of course, for all the methods that have only one overload, I could just keep the name. But if an overload gets added later, it will break.
There are lots of things here that still need to be figured out.
Wait, isn't .NET just about C#?
It is true that here in 2020, C# is by far the dominant language for .NET.
But the architecture was originally designed to support multiple languages. After all, the core component is called the COMMON Language Runtime.
What other .NET languages are there?
In the beginning, there was C# and VB.NET.
In hindsight, I suspect the multi-language architecture of .NET was primarily driven by Microsoft's desire to avoid leaving their Visual Basic developers behind. VB.NET is still around, and it still has many developers using it. But I assume (without evidence) that the VB segment is not growing, and probably shrinking.
The other .NET language often mentioned is F#, which might be described as .NET variant of OCaml. FWIW, I describe myself as an F# fan, although I also like and use C# a greal deal.
According to The .NET Language Strategy (Mads Torgersen, 2017), when counting developers using these languages, they speak of "millions" of people using C#, and "hundreds of thousands" for VB.NET, and "tens of thousands" for F#:
https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/the-net-language-strategy/
I don't know which CLR language is in fourth place, but it's probably a DISTANT fourth place.
It is worth noting that Microsoft has one more .NET language that is rarely discussed, and wasn't even mentioned in that Torgersen blog entry: C++/CLI. I'll stay with tradition and not talk about it.
Bottom line, if you assume that .NET and C# are synonymous, you will annoy F# and VB.NET fans, but sadly, you will be correct enough for most contexts.
Have their been any others?
Lots of them. Wikipedia has a whole page:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_CLI_languages
My comments on selected cases:
I have never used Nemerle, but I always thought it looked interesting. Apparently the developers have been hired by JetBrains.
RemObjects has Oxygene. This is a Pascal-ish language for .NET, somewhat like the spiritual descendant of Delphi. It seems to be actively developed, but I cannot recall ever hearing this company or their products mentioned out in the wild.
Years ago, the LLVM project had a backend which could generate CIL. It apparently died of neglect and was removed.
PeachPie is an interesting case. It's a PHP compiler for .NET.
So there's some interesting stuff here, but the bottom line is: Every CLR language not named C# has lived a constant struggle for viability.
So then why in the world are you doing this?
Recall that the first thing I did in this blog entry was admit to a compulsion.
If I attempt to explain my actions beyond that, a couple of things come to mind.
First of all, when I look at the kind of leadership coming from Microsoft right now, I see an emphasis on building bridges between .NET and other ecosystems. Because of .NET Core, this is a new era for .NET, and it seems reasonable to wonder how things in the future might go very differently than they have in the past.
I also wonder about the possibility that Rust might be a special case.
How might Rust be "a special case"?
Rust is simply a masterpiece. It is an amazing achievement of programming language design and implementation. There is nothing else like it.
I believe that the popularity of Rust will continue to grow rapidly. And let me immediately say that I might be wrong. The best technology doesn't always win.
But Rust is showing very strong signs of momentum. For example, as of January 2020, Rust has been Stack Overflow's "most loved language" four years in a row:
https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/01/20/what-is-rust-and-why-is-it-so-popular/
So my claim that Rust could become hugely popular may not be correct, but it's not the craziest thing I've ever said.
What if Rust explodes in popularity over the next 5-10 years? It seems likely to me that if Rust becomes really big, there could be a significant number of .NET people interested in using it.
What is the goal of this blog entry?
One great thing about the Internet is its ability to connect people with niche interests. Recently I was in my kitchen making coffee and found myself wondering if Captain America could beat a lion barehanded. Sure enough, people on the Internet have been discussing that important topic for many years.
With over 7 billion people on the planet, I'm probably not the only one interested in the possibilities of developing for .NET using Rust.
I mean, there's gotta be at least two more of you. If that darn Covid-19 scare weren't cancelling all our conferences, the three of us could get together for coffee and chat.
As we are all currently trapped in our homes hoarding hand sanitizer, we'll need to figure something else out. But it would still be nice to know who you are.
How will you take this project forward?
I honestly don't know yet. There are lots of variables in the equation. I could make this open source. I could create a niche proprietary commercial product. And there are many shades of gray in between.
Regardless of how it goes forward, if this is to become more than my fun side project, there are questions about sustainability.
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/nuget%3F_x_tr_sl%3Den%26_x_tr_tl%3Dzh-CN%26_x_tr_hl%3Dzh-CN%3F_x_tr_sl%253Den
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en
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Newest 'nuget?_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=zh-CN?_x_tr_sl%3Den' Questions
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Stack Overflow | The World’s Largest Online Community for Developers
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en
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https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196
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Stack Overflow
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/nuget%3F_x_tr_sl=en&_x_tr_tl=zh-CN&_x_tr_hl=zh-CN%3F_x_tr_sl%3Den
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Collectives™ on Stack Overflow
Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most.
Learn more about Collectives
Teams
Q&A for work
Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search.
Learn more about Teams
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8582
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0
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https://exercism.org/tracks/csharp
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en
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C# on Exercism
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
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Get fluent in C# by solving 167 exercises. And then level up with mentoring from our world-class team.
|
en
|
Exercism
|
https://exercism.org/tracks/csharp
|
Get mentored the C# way
Every language has its own way of doing things. C# is no different. Our mentors will help you learn to think like a C# developer and how to write idiomatic code in C#. Once you've solved an exercise, submit it to our volunteer team, and they'll give you hints, ideas, and feedback on how to make it feel more like what you'd normally see in C# - they'll help you discover the things you don't know that you don't know.
Learn more about mentoring
Community-sourced C# exercises
The C# track on Exercism has 62 concepts and 167 exercises to help you write better code. Discover new exercises as you progress and get engrossed in learning new concepts and improving the way you currently write.
See all C# exercises
|
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https://askubuntu.com/questions/1022007/is-knowledge-of-c-of-any-use-in-a-linux-system
|
en
|
Is knowledge of C# of any use in a Linux system?
|
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"https://askubuntu.com/posts/1022007/ivc/3e78?prg=bb4353da-9a78-43b4-8967-7c1b9bff2109"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-04-04T17:57:16
|
I know C# and I like to switch between systems and use Linux. Can I use C# to build applications that will natively work on Linux? What should I do to make use of my knowledge of C# in a Linux syst...
|
en
|
https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/askubuntu/Img/favicon.ico?v=928dfb7c1990
|
Ask Ubuntu
|
https://askubuntu.com/questions/1022007/is-knowledge-of-c-of-any-use-in-a-linux-system
|
Yes, you can develop software on Ubuntu, that itself will run on Ubuntu, in C#. Both Mono and .NET Core support GNU/Linux systems like Ubuntu. (You can use them on other distros, too, like Debian, Raspbian, Fedora, CentOS, Arch, Gentoo, and so forth.) The Unity3D game engine also supports Ubuntu, as you probably know. Unity3D embeds Mono.
A number of packages for Ubuntu, installable with Ubuntu's package manager from officially community-supported software sources, are written in C# and use Mono. This includes the music player Banshee, the notetaking app Tomboy, the raster graphics editor Pinta, and the password manager KeePass (since version 2).
Most text editors, such as Gedit, Vim, and Emacs, have syntax highlighting for C#. MonoDevelop and Visual Studio Code are two popular integrated development environments that run on Ubuntu and support C# development.
Linux provides its native APIs in the C programming language. A native Linux program uses these APIs to access files, I/O devices, sockets (networking), inter-process communications, threading, etc. To create a native Linux app you would write your app in C and then compile it with (most likely) GCC to end up with an executable. You can even go further and use GUI libraries in your program to add GUI (GTK and Qt are two popular ones) or use a packaging system to package your app (like .deb and .rpm files).
C#, F# and VB bring their own compiler (which normally produces IL code instead of machine code) and instead of directly using the Windows or Linux native APIs (both in C), they have their own wrappers around them. This means that there needs to be another extra layer between the compiled code and the OS. This extra layer has to read the IL code and translate that to the native Windows or Linux or macOS APIs. This extra layer can be .NET Framework, Mono or .NET Core (currently just .NET).
Now to answer the question "Is C# usable for Linux system programming?", in most cases yes.
The .NET has libraries for file handling, networking, threading and some I/O devices. Now for example, say you need to access Bluetooth in you app. .NET does not have any APIs for Bluetooth, so in such cases you have two options:
Find the native API in C and call it in C#
Search in NuGet to see if someone has already done it
Other examples would be WiFi Direct, Gamepad, CPU temperature, Battery Info, Camera, GPS, Laptop Sensors, etc. So for low-level apps you're on your own (this is the case even on Windows unless you go with UWP). For such apps on Linux, C or Python would be a way better choice.
If you want to add GUI to your app, .NET has GUI libraries but only for Windows. Mono on the other hand has bindings for GTK called GTK# but naturally GTK# would always be behind the GTK development (which is not a problem unless you want the latest features).
.NET 6 has another solution for cross-platform GUI. In .NET 6 you can create a Blazor app with C#, HTML and CSS and use Electron to create a desktop app from it (as of writing this, it's not ready yet).
To sum up:
Pros of C# on Linux
You'd use your existing skills
If you stick to .NET libraries your app would be portable to Windows and mac
You're dealing with a modern clean language instead of a 50-year-old one (hardcore C programmers may disagree :D)
Cons of C# on Linux
Many native APIs are not available
On paper native C code would be faster than framework-dependent C# code. Although it's possible to directly compile for Linux but we'd loose portability and with today's hardware users wouldn't feel the difference anyway.
Your hands are tighter for a GUI app
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https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/what-is-nuget
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en
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What is NuGet and what does it do?
|
[
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""
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2022-10-11T22:32:00+00:00
|
A comprehensive introduction to what NuGet is and does
|
en
|
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/what-is-nuget
|
An introduction to NuGet
An essential tool for any modern development platform is a mechanism through which developers can create, share, and consume useful code. Often such code is bundled into "packages" that contain compiled code (as DLLs) along with other content needed in the projects that consume these packages.
For .NET (including .NET Core), the Microsoft-supported mechanism for sharing code is NuGet, which defines how packages for .NET are created, hosted, and consumed, and provides the tools for each of those roles.
Put simply, a NuGet package is a single ZIP file with the .nupkg extension that contains compiled code (DLLs), other files related to that code, and a descriptive manifest that includes information like the package's version number. Developers with code to share create packages and publish them to a public or private host. Package consumers obtain those packages from suitable hosts, add them to their projects, and then call a package's functionality in their project code. NuGet itself then handles all of the intermediate details.
Because NuGet supports private hosts alongside the public nuget.org host, you can use NuGet packages to share code that's exclusive to an organization or a work group. You can also use NuGet packages as a convenient way to factor your own code for use in nothing but your own projects. In short, a NuGet package is a shareable unit of code, but does not require nor imply any particular means of sharing.
The flow of packages between creators, hosts, and consumers
In its role as a public host, NuGet itself maintains the central repository of over 100,000 unique packages at nuget.org. These packages are employed by millions of .NET/.NET Core developers every day. NuGet also enables you to host packages privately in the cloud (such as on Azure DevOps), on a private network, or even on just your local file system. By doing so, those packages are available to only those developers that have access to the host, giving you the ability to make packages available to a specific group of consumers. The options are explained on Hosting your own NuGet feeds. Through configuration options, you can also control exactly which hosts can be accessed by any given computer, thereby ensuring that packages are obtained from specific sources rather than a public repository like nuget.org.
Whatever its nature, a host serves as the point of connection between package creators and package consumers. Creators build useful NuGet packages and publish them to a host. Consumers then search for useful and compatible packages on accessible hosts, downloading and including those packages in their projects. Once installed in a project, the packages' APIs are available to the rest of the project code.
Package targeting compatibility
A "compatible" package means that it contains assemblies built for at least one target .NET framework that's compatible with the consuming project's target framework. Developers can create packages that are specific to one framework, as with UWP controls, or they can support a wider range of targets. To maximize a package's compatibility, developers target .NET Standard, which all .NET and .NET Core projects can consume. This is the most efficient means for both creators and consumers, as a single package (usually containing a single assembly) works for all consuming projects.
Package developers who require APIs outside of .NET Standard, on the other hand, create separate assemblies for the different target frameworks they want to support and include all of those assemblies in the same package (which is called "multi-targeting"). When a consumer installs such a package, NuGet extracts only those assemblies that are needed by the project. This minimizes the package's footprint in the final application and/or assemblies produced by that project. A multi-targeting package is, of course, more difficult for its creator to maintain.
In addition to hosting support, NuGet also provides a variety of tools used by both creators and consumers. See Installing NuGet client tools for how to obtain specific tools.
Tool Platforms Applicable Scenarios Description dotnet CLI All Creation, Consumption CLI tool for .NET Core and .NET Standard libraries, and for SDK-style projects that target .NET Framework (see SDK attribute). Provides certain NuGet CLI capabilities directly within the .NET Core tool chain. As with the nuget.exe CLI, the dotnet CLI does not interact with Visual Studio projects. nuget.exe CLI All Creation, Consumption CLI tool for .NET Framework libraries and non-SDK-style projects that target .NET Standard libraries. Provides all NuGet capabilities, with some commands applying specifically to package creators, some applying only to consumers, and others applying to both. For example, package creators use the nuget pack command to create a package from various assemblies and related files, package consumers use nuget install to include packages in a project folder, and everyone uses nuget config to set NuGet configuration variables. As a platform-agnostic tool, the NuGet CLI does not interact with Visual Studio projects. Package Manager Console Visual Studio on Windows Consumption Provides PowerShell commands for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio projects. Package Manager UI Visual Studio on Windows Consumption Provides an easy-to-use UI for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio projects. Manage NuGet UI Visual Studio for Mac Consumption Provide an easy-to-use UI for installing and managing packages in Visual Studio for Mac projects. MSBuild Windows Creation, Consumption Provides the ability to create packages and restore packages used in a project directly through the MSBuild tool chain.
As you can see, the NuGet tools you work with depend greatly on whether you're creating, consuming, or publishing packages, and the platform on which you're working. Package creators are typically also consumers, as they build on top of functionality that exists in other NuGet packages. And those packages, of course, may in turn depend on still others.
For more information, start with the Package creation workflow and Package consumption workflow articles.
Managing dependencies
The ability to easily build on the work of others is one of most powerful features of a package management system. Accordingly, much of what NuGet does is managing that dependency tree or "graph" on behalf of a project. Simply said, you need only concern yourself with those packages that you're directly using in a project. If any of those packages themselves consume other packages (which can, in turn, consume still others), NuGet takes care of all those down-level dependencies.
The following image shows a project that depends on five packages, which in turn depend on a number of others.
Notice that some packages appear multiple times in the dependency graph. For example, there are three different consumers of package B, and each consumer might also specify a different version for that package (not shown). This is a common occurrence, especially for widely-used packages. NuGet fortunately does all the hard work to determine exactly which version of package B satisfies all consumers. NuGet then does the same for all other packages, no matter how deep the dependency graph.
For more details on how NuGet performs this service, see Dependency resolution.
Tracking references and restoring packages
Because projects can easily move between developer computers, source control repositories, build servers, and so forth, it's highly impractical to keep the binary assemblies of NuGet packages directly bound to a project. Doing so would make each copy of the project unnecessarily bloated (and thereby waste space in source control repositories). It would also make it very difficult to update package binaries to newer versions as updates would have to be applied across all copies of the project.
NuGet instead maintains a simple reference list of the packages upon which a project depends, including both top-level and down-level dependencies. That is, whenever you install a package from some host into a project, NuGet records the package identifier and version number in the reference list. (Uninstalling a package, of course, removes it from the list.) NuGet then provides a means to restore all referenced packages upon request, as described on Package restore.
With only the reference list, NuGet can then reinstallâthat is, restoreâall of those packages from public and/or private hosts at any later time. When committing a project to source control, or sharing it in some other way, you include only the reference list and exclude any package binaries (see Packages and source control.)
The computer that receives a project, such as a build server obtaining a copy of the project as part of an automated deployment system, simply asks NuGet to restore dependencies whenever they're needed. Build systems like Azure DevOps provide "NuGet restore" steps for this exact purpose. Similarly, when developers obtain a copy of a project (as when cloning a repository), they can invoke command like nuget restore (NuGet CLI), dotnet restore (dotnet CLI), or Install-Package (Package Manager Console) to obtain all the necessary packages. Visual Studio, for its part, automatically restores packages when building a project (provided that automatic restore is enabled, as described on Package restore).
Clearly, then, NuGet's primary role where developers are concerned is maintaining that reference list on behalf of your project and providing the means to efficiently restore (and update) those referenced packages. This list is maintained in one of two package management formats, as they're called:
PackageReference (or "package references in project files") | (NuGet 4.0+) Maintains a list of a project's top-level dependencies directly within the project file, so no separate file is needed. An associated file, obj/project.assets.json, is dynamically generated to manage the overall dependency graph of the packages that a project uses along with all down-level dependencies. PackageReference is always used by .NET Core projects.
packages.config: (NuGet 1.0+) An XML file that maintains a flat list of all dependencies in the project, including the dependencies of other installed packages. Installed or restored packages are stored in a packages folder.
Which package management format is employed in any given project depends on the project type, and the available version of NuGet (and/or Visual Studio). To check what format is being used, simply look for packages.config in the project root after installing your first package. If you don't have that file, look in the project file directly for a <PackageReference> element.
When you have a choice, we recommend using PackageReference. packages.config is maintained for legacy purposes and is no longer under active development.
What else does NuGet do?
So far you've learned the following characteristics of NuGet:
NuGet provides the central nuget.org repository with support for private hosting.
NuGet provides the tools developers need for creating, publishing, and consuming packages.
Most importantly, NuGet maintains a reference list of packages used in a project and the ability to restore and update those packages from that list.
To make these processes work efficiently, NuGet does some behind-the-scenes optimizations. Most notably, NuGet manages a package cache and a global packages folder to shortcut installation and reinstallation. The cache avoids downloading a package that's already been installed on the machine. The global packages folder allows multiple projects to share the same installed package, thereby reducing NuGet's overall footprint on the computer. The cache and global packages folder are also very helpful when you're frequently restoring a larger number of packages, as on a build server. For more details on these mechanisms, see Managing the global packages and cache folders.
Within an individual project, NuGet manages the overall dependency graph, which again includes resolving multiple references to different versions of the same package. It's quite common that a project takes a dependency on one or more packages that themselves have the same dependencies. Some of the most useful utility packages on nuget.org are employed by many other packages. In the entire dependency graph, then, you could easily have ten different references to different versions of the same package. To avoid bringing multiple versions of that package into the application itself, NuGet sorts out which single version can be used by all consumers. (For more information, see Dependency Resolution.)
Beyond that, NuGet maintains all the specifications related to how packages are structured (including localization and debug symbols) and how they are referenced (including version ranges and pre-release versions.) NuGet also provides various APIs to work with its services programmatically, and provides support for developers who write Visual Studio extensions and project templates.
Take a moment to browse the table of contents for this documentation, and you see all of these capabilities represented there, along with release notes dating back to NuGet's beginnings.
Related video
Find more NuGet videos on Channel 9 and YouTube.
Finally, we very much welcome comments and contributions to this documentationâjust select the Feedback and Edit commands on the top of any page, or visit the docs repository and docs issue list on GitHub.
We also welcome contributions to NuGet itself through its various GitHub repositories; NuGet issues can be found on https://github.com/NuGet/home/issues.
Enjoy your NuGet experience!
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https://docs.developers.optimizely.com/content-management-system/docs/technology-stack
|
en
|
Technology stack
|
[
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"https://files.readme.io/2dafc4b-imagesmb6c.png",
"https://files.readme.io/11fc0ea-imagetsqvn.png",
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"https://files.readme.io/8ed7967-techstack3.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
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Describes the technology on which Optimizely Content Management System (CMS) is built.
|
en
|
Content Management System
|
https://docs.developers.optimizely.com/content-management-system/docs/technology-stack
|
Optimizely Content Management System (CMS) is based on Microsoft technology and uses ASP.NET Core as a web development platform. Optimizely uses the SQL Server relational database. On top of that, Optimizely has a framework API used by products in the Optimizely platform.
The .NET framework
Optimizely is based on the ASP.NET Core, providing the following advantages:
Easier for developers to implement solutions using rich IDEs like Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code.
High performant platform
An open and agnostic tool that can be used with any JavaScript framework and API you want.
Cross-platform means developing and hosting applications on many platforms, such as Windows and Linux.
In Optimizely, the .NET API is implemented following Microsoft guidelines. Because .NET is a language-independent architecture, developers have a wide choice of development methods for their solutions. Optimizely CMS is written in C#, but developers can use other programming languages such as VB.NET or F#. Optimizely CMS development in .NET is fully object-oriented. See the Microsoft .NET documentation.
From CMS 12, the platform is built on ASP.NET Core.
Optimizely ASP.NET Core information hub
Optimizely ASP.NET Core Add-ons
Overview of upgrading to ASP.NET Core
Why upgrade to Content Cloud (CMS) 12?
Upgrade Assistant
Breaking changes in Content Cloud (CMS) 12
About .NET
Confusion around ASP.NET Core and ASP.NET
Before version 12, CMS was built on ASP.NET 4 (based on .NET Framework). Years ago, Microsoft announced that ASP.NET 4 would be replaced by ASP.NET 5, which would have a different framework.
Later, Microsoft announced another platform, ASP.NET Core, and that they would continue with ASP.NET 4. ASP.NET 5 was said to be dead. ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Core were supposed to be equally good and would work together in parallel.
But it turned out that people wanted to have things from ASP.NET4 and ASP.NET Core, so to solve that, Microsoft introduced a third platform, ASP.NET Standard, a smaller sub-set of things from ASP.NET 4 and ASP.NET Core.
ASP.NET 5 is the next version of ASP.NET Core, and again ASP.NET 4 is "dead in the water." The last improvements to .NET Framework were released with .NET 4.8.
System overview
The base CMS Framework provides built-in editorial and administrative functions like version management, content preview, approval workflows, multi-language support, and access rights. Data is stored in an SQL database. The customized solution is built on top of this platform. Optimizely can run as an on-premises installation or in the cloud. See System requirements for Optimizely.
Customized solution
A customized solution typically contains these parts:
Graphical profile for the site as style sheets (CSS format). These include predefined colors and fonts used on the site.
Responsive design is often applied to support multi-channel displays.
Functions to support content creation, for example, specific pages or block types.
Systems integrations as required for the site, for example, connection to an article database.
Access rights are configured for users and user groups to control content structure and publishing access. It may involve integration with external membership providers.
Content is created by editors and stored in the database.
Assets such as images and documents used on the site.
Database
Optimizely uses Microsoft SQL Server to store content and other information created in the system. Database editions, including SQL Azure, are supported. A database with the Optimizely schema is automatically created when creating sites from the Visual Studio integration. Each version of the database schema targets a specific version of Optimizely.
Web server
On-premises Optimizely sites in production typically use Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS), a flexible, general-purpose web server that runs on Windows operating systems to serve requested HTML pages or files. When developing locally, you can use Kestrel or IIS Express, included with Visual Studio, and then move to the full IIS when it is ready to go live. See Deployment.
Development environment
Optimizely solutions are conveniently developed using SQL Server and Visual Studio or Visual Studio Code from Microsoft. Optimizely also provides a set of dotnet templates to speed up website development.
CMS supports building templates using server-side-rendered templates such as MVC and Razor Pages and using a client-side framework.
Developing for the cloud
An Optimizely solution can be hosted in the cloud or on-premises. Cloud-based solutions are a cost-efficient way to manage websites, as these will dynamically scale out and in again depending on traffic volume. The cost is based on usage and number of running instances. You can manage your cloud-based solutions yourself or use Optimizely Digital Experience Platform (DXP).
|
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https://github.com/NuGet/Home
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en
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NuGet/Home: Repo for NuGet Client issues
|
https://opengraph.githubassets.com/79930388ce2d07251428ac525af5e1a885705318fe73fd88d3564a96afd87f56/NuGet/Home
|
https://opengraph.githubassets.com/79930388ce2d07251428ac525af5e1a885705318fe73fd88d3564a96afd87f56/NuGet/Home
|
[
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/NuGet/Home/dev/meta/resources/nuget.png"
] |
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Repo for NuGet Client issues. Contribute to NuGet/Home development by creating an account on GitHub.
|
en
|
GitHub
|
https://github.com/NuGet/Home
|
The Home repository is the starting point for people to learn about NuGet, the project. If you're new to NuGet, and want to add packages to your own projects, check our docs. This repo contains pointers to the various GitHub repositories used by NuGet and allows folks to learn more about what's coming in NuGet.
NuGet is being actively developed by the .NET Foundation. NuGet is the package manager for the Microsoft development platform including .NET. The NuGet client tools provide the ability to produce and consume packages. The NuGet Gallery is the central package repository used by all package authors and consumers and has a live deployment at www.nuget.org.
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.
This repo contains design proposals for NuGet. It focuses on designs for the NuGet client tooling, NuGet.org public repository, and NuGet Package Manager inside Visual Studio.
The NuGet Docs are the ideal place to start if you are new to NuGet. They are categorized in 3 broader topics:
Consume NuGet packages in your projects;
Create NuGet packages to learn about packaging and publishing your own NuGet Packages;
Contribute to NuGet gives an overview of how you can contribute to the various NuGet projects.
The NuGet Blog is where we announce new features, write engineering blog posts, demonstrate proof-of-concepts and features under development.
There are many ways in which you can participate in the project, for example:
Submit bugs and feature requests, and help us verify as they are checked in
Review NuGet proposals
Review the documentation and make pull requests for anything from typos to new content
If you are interested in fixing issues and contributing directly to the code base, please see the document Contribute To NuGet, which covers the following:
How to build and run from source
The development workflow, including debugging and running tests
Coding guidelines
Submitting pull requests
Finding an issue to work on
And much more!
Note: Not all of our repositories are open for contribution yet. Ping us if unsure.
Ask a question on Stack Overflow
Request a new feature
Upvote popular feature requests
File an issue
Follow @nuget and let us know what you think!
If you're having trouble with the NuGet.org Website, file a bug on the NuGet Gallery Issue Tracker.
If you're having trouble with the NuGet client tools (the Visual Studio extension, NuGet.exe command line tool, etc.), file a bug on NuGet Home.
NuGet client tools - this repo contains the following clients:
NuGet command-line tool 4.0 and higher
Visual Studio Extension (2017 and later)
PowerShell CmdLets
NuGet.org is backed by several core services:
NuGetGallery - the current NuGet Gallery
NuGet.Jobs - NuGet's back-end jobs and services
ServerCommon - shared libraries for running NuGet.org
NuGet.Server is a lightweight standalone NuGet server.
NuGet Documentation contains NuGet's documentation.
A full list of all the repos is available as well.
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https://blog.inedo.com/nuget/how-to-debug-nuget-packages-the-painless-way/
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How to Debug NuGet Packages with Symbols and Source Link Painlessly
|
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2023-10-02T00:00:00
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Debugging your NuGet packages can be a total pain. In fact, it’s one of the main reasons that development teams are hesitant to break apart their monolithic .NET solution.
Fortunately, there's a pretty easy solution to this problem; NuGet Symbol Packages. In this article I’ll discuss how.
|
en
|
https://blog.inedo.com/nuget/how-to-debug-nuget-packages-the-painless-way/
|
Debugging your NuGet packages can be a total pain. In fact, it’s one of the main reasons that development teams are hesitant to break apart their monolithic .NET solution.
Unlike a referenced library project, you can’t easily step-into a NuGet package’s code to debug it. On top of that, when you need to make a simple change to an interface or method, you need to rebuild the whole package. Monoliths and copy/pasting code just seem way easier.
Fortunately, there’s a pretty easy solution to this problem; NuGet Symbol Packages. In this article I’ll discuss:
Demystifying Symbols and Source Serving (Source Link)
Creating NuGet Symbol Packages with Source Link
Legacy Symbol Formats & Packages
Configuring Visual Studio to Debug Symbol Packages
I’ll also share a simple alternative to using Symbol Packages that could make your life much easier.
Demystifying Symbols & Source Serving (Source Link)
The secret behind debugging into NuGet packages is Symbols and Source serving. There are four different technology “layers” that come together to make this happen.
But it’s a bit complicated, and it took me a little while to wrap my head around how it all works. Especially after reading all of the outdated — and often incorrect — articles.
I’ll do my best to explain the pieces and how they fit together as clearly as possible.
What the heck are Symbols, anyway?
You’ve probably seen .pdb files in your bin directory after building your project, alongside your .dll or .exe files. These .pdb files are “symbol files”, and they essentially map compiled assemblies (i.e., the .dll and .exe files) to the source code (i.e., the .cs files) that was used to build them.
Visual Studio uses these .pdb files to let you step-through code as it runs in Debug mode on your machine.
Even outside of interactive debugging, .pdb helps to provide more information on a stack trace when an application crashes. This is why you’ll often see the full disk path to the original code file when your application errors on a different machine.
What is a Symbol Server?
Symbols files actually predate NuGet (and .NET as a whole) by at least a few decades. They were originally designed for when disk space was at a premium, and symbols were rarely included in released software. This made debugging a pain.
This is where a Symbol Server came in. When building a library, the compiler will embed the same random, unique identifier (basically a GUID) in both the .dll and .pdb files. If you uploaded the .pdb file to a Symbol Server, you could later retrieve it using that unique identifier embedded in the .dll file.
That’s how a debugger like Visual Studio can load symbol files when an application crashes; you don’t need to have all of the .pdb files for every .pdb on disk. Visual Studio just requests it on demand from the Symbol Server.
What are NuGet Symbol packages?
A symbol package is basically just a NuGet package that contains symbols (.pdb files) instead of libraries (.dll files) and some different metadata. They also have a different file extension: .snupkg instead of .nupkg.
The nuget.exe or dotnet CLI will create a symbol package at the same time as a normal NuGet package when you specify the SymbolPackageFormat argument. For example:
nuget pack MyPackage.csproj -Symbols -SymbolPackageFormat snupkg dotnet pack MyPackage.csproj -p:IncludeSymbols=true -p:SymbolPackageFormat=snupkg
After running one of those commands, you’d end up with MyPackage.nupkg and MyPackage.snupkg in your working directory: one would have the .dll files, and the other .pdb files.
The regular .nupkg package is then pushed to a NuGet feed, and the symbols .snupkg package is pushed to a symbol server.
What is Source Link?
Remember how a .pdb will map compiled assemblies (i.e., the .dll and .exe files) to source code (i.e., the .cs files)? This “map” requires having the exact version of the code files that were used to build the assemblies. So if you’re using a symbol server… where do the code files come in?
This is where Source Link comes in. When you build a NuGet package with Source Link enabled a Git Repository URL and Commit ID will be embedded in the package metadata. This allows Visual Studio to locate the required code files for debug time.
To enable Source Link in your own .NET project, you just need to set a few properties and then add a NuGet package specific to your Git repository (e.g. Microsoft.SourceLink.GitHub).
Legacy Symbol Format & Packages
Believe it or not, NuGet symbol & source serving was even more complicated just a few years back. You may run across some of these older formats and packages, so I’ll explain them real quick.
Legacy Symbol Packages (.symbols.nupkg)
While .snupkg symbol packages are the norm these days, there are also legacy symbol packages that have a different file extension (.symbols.nupkg). In addition to .pdb files, legacy symbol files will often include source code and .dll files.
Microsoft PDB (Legacy Symbol Files)
There are actually two different types of .pdb files: Microsoft PDB (aka Windows PDB) and Portable PDB. You can’t really tell the difference by looking at the file name, but they’re completely different file types.
Microsoft PDB is an ancient technology, dating back to the early 1990’s. It’s used for everything from native driver binaries to .NET Framework assemblies. But it only works on Windows and was never intended for cross-platform (Linux) debugging.
Portable PDB is much newer, and was a complete rewrite by the .NET team. As the name implies, they are platform portable and work on Linux and Windows. However, they only work with .NET libraries – which means if you’re building native (C++) libraries for Windows, you’ll still need to use the Microsoft PDB format.
These days, you probably won’t come across too many Microsoft PDB symbol files, especially if you’re working with .NET libraries in NuGet packages.
Legacy Source Server
Before Source Link became the standard for NuGet packages, a much older technology called Microsoft Source Server was required to retrieve the exact version of the source files that were used to build the library. It’s mostly a dead technology these days, as it was built for the era when source control was not Git or even web-based. But if you’re using TFVC or SVN, it’s pretty much the only option.
How to Debug NuGet Packages with Visual Studio
As I mentioned earlier, creating NuGet Symbol Packages is relatively easy. Just specify the SymbolPackageFormat argument when running the nuget.exe or dotnet CLI.
dotnet pack MyPackage.csproj -p:IncludeSymbols=true -p:SymbolPackageFormat=snupkg
From there, you just need to publish your .nupkg package to a NuGet feed and your .snupkg to a Symbol server. This will obviously require having a capable private NuGet Server.
To demonstrate how this works, I’ll use ProGet as an example, but the concepts are similar in other tools.
Configuring your NuGet Feed for Symbol Serving
ProGet has an integrated Symbol Server on its NuGet feeds. You can select the type of Symbol Packages that will be supported by the Symbol Server:
Once enabled, you’ll be presented with a URL that you can use to configure Visual Studio:
Verifying Indexed Symbols
After enabling the Symbol Server, you’ll want to verify that Symbol files were properly indexed. You can find this on the Symbols tab of a NuGet package in ProGet:
This will show you the unique identifiers (Id and Age) that Visual Studio uses to retrieve a PDB file.
Configuring Visual Studio to work with a Symbol Server
To debug in NuGet package libraries, Visual Studio must be configured to use the symbol server. This is where that earlier URL came in.
In Visual Studio, select Debug > Options… from the menu bar, then navigate to Debugging > Symbols from the tree menu. Then the symbol server URL you found earlier on the Manage Feed page and specify a Symbol Cache Directory.
By default Visual Studio will use %LOCALAPPDATA%\Temp\SymbolCache, but you may specify any path.
And that’s it! From a developer perspective, it’s about as easy as configuring a private NuGet feed in Visual Studio.
Alternatively: Debugging NuGet Packages Without Symbols
While NuGet Symbol Packages provide an efficient integrated debugging & development solution, something that I refer to as “munging” project files is an alternative, relatively straightforward solution.
“Munging” project files involves temporarily incorporating the code from the library project into the application you intend to debug. This solution is especially useful for situations where you want to write or edit the library code.
Munging project files can be done in a few simple steps. For this example, let’s say I need to debug/edit the Inedo.ExecutionEngine library, but I want to do so while using it in an application Otter.
Step 1: Uninstall the Packages Reference
In the Otter solution, Inedo.ExecutionEngine was installed in three different projects, so I right-clicked on my Solution, then “Manage NuGet Packages”, selected the library, and uninstalled it from the projects.
Step 2: Add Library Project
I right-clicked on my Solution, and selected Add Existing Project.
After adding the project to the solution, it will show up at the bottom like this:
Step 3: Add Project References
On each of the three projects, I uninstalled Inedo.ExecutionEngine project reference, I added a project reference to my newly added library project (Inedo.ExecutionEngine).
Step 4: Debug & Edit Code As Normal
And that’s that! Inedo.ExecutionEngine can just be debugged and edited like all other projects on my solution! Note that you won’t be able to commit source control changes to the munged library in the same instance of Visual Studio. But you can always commit your library changes later.
Step 5: Undo Project “Munging”
Once you’re done, make sure to undo the project “munging” to your library. Accidentally committing these changes will lead to broken builds and a headache for the rest of your team.
Project Munging with Tools & PowerShell
If you don’t do this very often, it’s not that big of a deal to click this many times. However, if the multiple steps and clicks are a little too bothersome there is a Visual Studio Extension that can do some of the work, but it’s outdated and doesn’t work on newer project types.
It’s really simple to just write a very basic PowerShell script that uses the dotnet CLI.
# Munge-InedoLib.ps1 $pkgName = "Inedo.ExecutionEngine" $pkgProjFile= "C:\Projects\Inedo.ExecutionEngine\Inedo.ExecutionEngine\Inedo.ExecutionEngine.csproj" $slnFile = "C:\Projects\Otter\src\Otter.sln" $projFilesToMunge = @( ` "C:\Projects\Otter\src\Otter.Service\Otter.Service.csproj", ` "C:\Projects\Otter\src\Otter.WebApplication\Otter.WebApplication.csproj", ` "C:\Projects\Otter\src\OtterCoreEx\OtterCoreEx.csproj" ` ) dotnet sln $slnFile add $pkgProjFile foreach ($projFile in $projFilesToMunge) { dotnet remove $projFile package $pkgName dotnet add $projFile reference $libProjFile }
Debug NuGet Packages With ProGet
Debugging NuGet packages is anything but intuitive. Using the solutions outlined in this article will allow your developers to more easily integrate debugging with NuGet.
We recommend using NuGet Symbol packages, especially if you’re debugging into library code. However “Project Munging” is a fine alternative as well. ProGet supports these solutions so your developers can debug NuGet packages as painlessly as possible.
Debugging is important, but there’s a lot more to learn about NuGet packages to successfully use them on the Enterprise level. Sign up for our mailing list to receive our upcoming guide that will guide you through everything NuGet!
|
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8582
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dbpedia
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| 53
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https://dev.to/melodicdevelopment/creating-a-nuget-package-from-a-net-6-class-library-2fad
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en
|
Creating a Nuget Package From a .Net 6 class library
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[
"Rick Hopkins"
] |
2022-11-05T17:10:30+00:00
|
Backstory... Recently I was attempting to create a shareable library of code in C# to... Tagged with dotnet, tutorial, showdev, nuget.
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en
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|
DEV Community
|
https://dev.to/melodicdevelopment/creating-a-nuget-package-from-a-net-6-class-library-2fad
|
Backstory...
Recently I was attempting to create a shareable library of code in C# to interact with a new enterprise document storage solution. The document storage solution essentially stored metadata about a document in an onprem database, but stored the document itself in Azure blob storage and kept a reference to the blob in our database. To interact with this service I created an pretty basic web api with just a few endpoints that did some CRUD operations. The api was secured using a client id / client secret provided by our Okta instance.
My main goal with this library, as with all shareable code I write, was to make it as simple as possible to implement the code and interact with the new document storage solution. The code behind this shareable library offered a quick configuration method that setup some services for dependency injection and a factory class that would retrieve those services for the developer, all the while handling authentication in the background so they didn't need to think about it too much. This code had the potential to be used by any group in our organization so simplicity was key as well as access.
I decided to create a nuget package of the code that we could host in our Azure artifacts nuget feed. If you don't know what a nuget package is, it is essentially a zip file with the .nupkg extension that contains compiled DLL files and any supporting files needed for the shared code.
I've created nuget packages before, but not in quite a while and it seemed like some things had changed since last time. After multiple google searches I was able to piece together something that worked very well to get a nuget package with .net 6, and thought I'd share here...
How To...
A couple requirements I had for the package:
It needs to be part build pipelines in Azure and get an automated build version.
It needs a README file that popups up in Visual Studio with documentation on how to use the code.
So first I created a nuspec file which is essentially a file that defines what needs to be in the package and some metadata about the package itself. It looks like this...
The parts I want you to take notice of are
The id field must be some unique id. If you were to publish this on https://www.nuget.org/ a unique ID is necessary.
The version is dynamic because of the $version$ parameter we will pass to it. More on that in a bit.
Dependencies are any other nuget packages that this code relies on. In this case I use Swashbuckle for some data annotations.
The files section is probably the most important. Here you must list out the files that are necessary for the actual usage of the client library. Any .dll, .pdb files that are compiled for this library must be listed here. Also, if you want to have a readme file popup upon installation you must list it here. The src value is just a file path to where the file exist. Since it is compiled code it will be placed in the bin subdirectory aligning with the .Net version you're on.
A note on README documentation.
I'm still a little confused on it, but I believe the case is that if you have a readme.txt file it will automatically popup upon installation. With a .txt file you are sort of limited in how nice you can make it look. If you want a nicely formatted markdown readme that displays on the nuget.org site when you publish it then you also need that file in the package and have it referenced in the tag of the nuspec file.
Once I created the nuspec file and saved it at the root of the client library as NHA.Document.Client.nuspec I was ready for the next step.
The next piece was to modify the .csproj file for the client library I was packaging. It looks like this...
The main part to take notice of is
This section says where to get the .nuspec file definition for the packaage and sets up our $version$ variable. In our case we are going to get the version from the actual build id and pass it in when we use the dotnet pack command. More on that in just a sec...
There is another section below... but if I'm honest I don't for sure if it's necessary :) ... I don't remember adding this and I am unsure how it got there... either way here it is.
With that we are ready to pack it up with the "dotnet pack" command. We need to point the pack command at the csproj and pass some additional arguments.
If I run this command at the root of the client project it will find the csproj file which then points to the nuspec file. Using the -p: command we can pass in variable values. In this case we pass in a version number. The -c command is for the build configuration to use, in this case I use Release. You can run this from the command line if you have dotnet installed or include it in your build yml files. In my case the command in my yml files looks like this...
Using this command gets the build number from the build and that becomes our package version. Our build pipeline kicks off automatically every time we PR to the main branch.
Conclusion
So there it is... how I build nuget packages from a dotnet 6 class library. Probably not terribly exciting to many, but I know when I was working on it I did a lot of google searching and trial and error some hopefully this helps anyone else trying to do the same thing.
|
||||
8582
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https://aw.club/global/en/blog/advanced-asp-net-core-interview-questions-answers
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en
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13 advanced ASP.NET Core interview questions and answers
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Find 13 advanced ASP.NET Core interview questions and answers. Use this to update your knowledge and nail your next technical interview.
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en
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/static/assets/favicon-32x32.png
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Anywhere Club
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https://aw.club/global/en/blog/advanced-asp-net-core-interview-questions-answers
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Find 13 advanced ASP.NET Core interview questions and answers. Use this to update your knowledge and nail your next technical interview.
.NET
Are you looking for a .NET developer job and preparing for a tech interview? To help you succeed, weâve compiled a list of 13 advanced ASP.NET Core interview questions and answers that cover a wide range of topics, such as ASP.NET Core, , concurrency, parallelism, and more.
These ASP.NET Core interview questions are designed to test your knowledge and understanding of advanced concepts and features of the ASP.NET Core framework. So, whether youâre an experienced developer or just starting your career in .NET, these questions will help you prepare for your interview and stand out from the crowd.
Common .NET Core interview questions
Hereâs a list of .NET Core interview questions for your quick reference:
Whatâs the difference between .NET and .NET Framework?
How does ASP.NET Core handle dependency injection?
What is Kestrel and how does it differ from IIS?
What is the purpose of middleware in ASP.NET Core?
How does ASP.NET Core handle garbage collection?
Whatâs the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming in ASP.NET Core?
How does .NET support cross-platform development?
How can you implement background work in an ASP.NET Core application?
How does ASP.NET Core handle concurrency and parallelism?
How do you implement caching in ASP.NET Core?
Whatâs the difference between middleware and a filter in ASP.NET Core?
What is Core CLR?
Have you worked with Docker on ASP.NET Core projects?
1. Whatâs the difference between .NET and .NET Framework?
This is one of the most common dot NET Core interview questions that interviewers will ask you. .NET (previously .NET Core) and .NET Framework are both web development frameworks for building applications using the .NET technology stack. However, the two have some key differences.
.NET is an open-source, cross-platform framework with core libraries (in NuGet packages) for building modern, cloud-based, and microservices-based applications. It supports development on Linux, macOS, and Windows and provides a modular lightweight runtime deployed as a self-contained executable or a shared library.
.NET Framework, on the other hand, is a Windows-only framework for developing classes and libraries and running code on web services and traditional desktop applications. It provides a larger set of libraries and features than .NET Core, but itâs limited to Windows and is not open-source.
2. How does ASP.NET Core handle dependency injection?
Dependency injection is a design pattern of ASP.NET Core thatâs handled by the built-in dependency injection container. This container can register and resolve dependencies, typically defined as interfaces implemented by concrete classes.
There are several ways to configure the container, including the ConfigureServices method in the Startup class (the entry point of a .NET application), attributes on classes and properties, and the service provider itself. ASP.NET Core supports constructor, property, and method injection, allowing dependencies to be dynamically injected into methods at runtime.
However, a more up-to-date way to handle dependency injection in ASP.NET Core focuses on singleton, transient, and scoped service lifetimes. You can read more about this here.
3. What is Kestrel and how does it differ from IIS?
Kestrel is a cross-platform, lightweight web server used by default in ASP.NET Core applications. It can run on Linux, macOS, and Windows and provides a fast, scalable, and efficient platform for handling HTTP requests.
Kestrel is designed to be used with a reverse proxy server, such as IIS or Nginx, which handles load balancing and SSL termination tasks.
On the other hand, IIS is a web server specific to Windows that provides more advanced features than Kestrel, such as support for HTTP/2 and WebSocket protocols and integration with Windows authentication and SSL.
4. What is the purpose of middleware in ASP.NET Core?
Middleware in ASP.NET Core is a software component responsible for processing requests and generating responses in the web application pipeline. It sits between the server side and the application and is designed to handle cross-cutting concerns, such as authentication, caching, logging, and routing.
The primary purpose of middleware is to provide a modular way of processing HTTP requests and responses, allowing developers to add, remove, or reorder middleware components in the pipeline based on their specific needs. This makes it easy to customize the web application's behavior without modifying the core application logic.
In addition, middleware can perform various tasks, such as modifying request or response headers, handling errors and exceptions, and executing asynchronous code. Middleware can also perform custom processing of requests and responses, such as generating dynamic content or formatting data.
Overall, middleware plays a critical role in the architecture of ASP.NET Core applications, allowing developers to write modular, flexible, and extensible web applications that can be easily customized and scaled.
5. How does ASP.NET Core handle garbage collection?
Garbage collection in ASP.NET Core automatically manages the allocation and deallocation of memory that an ASP.NET Core application uses. The garbage collector is responsible for identifying and reclaiming memory no longer needed by the application, thus freeing up resources and improving the application's performance.
The garbage collector in ASP.NET Core uses a generational garbage collection algorithm that divides the heap into gen0, gen1, and gen2, each generation representing a different stage of the object's life cycle. New objects are allocated to the youngest generation, and as they survive longer, they are moved to older generations. The garbage collector collects and frees memory from the youngest generation first and only collects the older generations when necessary.
ASP.NET Core provides several options for configuring and tuning the garbage collector, including setting the maximum size of the heap, the size of the individual generations, and the frequency of garbage collection. These options can be configured using environment variables or application configuration files depending on the needs of the application.
In addition, ASP.NET Core provides several tools and APIs for monitoring and diagnosing garbage collection behavior, including the GC.Collect() method, which can force a garbage collection cycle, and the GC.GetTotalMemory() method, which returns the total amount of memory used by the application.
Overall, garbage collection in ASP.NET Core is a critical component of the runtime, ensuring efficient memory use and improving the performance and stability of ASP.NET Core applications.
take a look at .net jobs to apply for
6. Whatâs the difference between synchronous and asynchronous programming in ASP.NET Core?
Synchronous programming in ASP.NET Core blocks the execution of source code until a task is completed. In contrast, asynchronous programming allows the execution of code to continue while a task is being processed in the background.
Asynchronous programming is useful for long-running operations that would otherwise block the application's main thread, such as reading from a file or making a network request.
Asynchronous programming is typically achieved using the async and await keywords in C#. The async keyword defines an asynchronous method, which can be called by other code and will run in the background. The await keyword indicates that the calling code should wait for the asynchronous method to complete before continuing.
7. How does .NET support cross-platform development?
.NET (.NET Core) was designed from the ground up to support cross-platform development. It provides a common runtime, libraries, and tools that can be used to build, debug, and deploy applications on Windows, macOS, and Linux. One of the key components of cross-platform development in .NET is the .NET runtime, which provides a platform-agnostic environment for running .NET applications. The runtime is available on multiple platforms and can be installed independently of the operating system.
Additionally, ASP.NET Core includes a command-line interface (CLI) that can be used to build, test, and deploy applications on multiple platforms. The CLI provides a set of tools for managing dependencies, building and packaging applications, and deploying them to different environments. ASP.NET Core also includes a set of standard libraries called the Base Class Library (BCL), which provide a consistent set of APIs for working with common tasks, such as file I/O, networking, and security.
These libraries are designed to work on multiple platforms and provide a consistent experience for developers across different environments. Overall, .NET's support for cross-platform development makes it a powerful tool for building modern, cloud-based, and microservices-based applications that can run on various operating systems and environments.
8. How can you implement background work in an ASP.NET Core application?
The IHostedService interface in ASP.NET Core defines a background task or service as part of the application's lifetime. Itâs typically used for monitoring, logging, or data processing tasks that must run continuously, even when the application is not processing requests. Classes that implement the IHostedService interface are added to the application's service collection using dependency injection, and they are started and stopped automatically by the application's host.
The IHostedService interface defines two methods: StartAsync and StopAsync. The StartAsync method is called when the application starts and is used to start the background task or service. The StopAsync method is called when the application is stopped or restarted. Itâs used to stop the background task or service, releasing acquired resources.
9. How does ASP.NET Core handle concurrency and parallelism?
ASP.NET Core provides several mechanisms for handling concurrency and parallelism depending on the application's specific requirements. Some common mechanisms used in ASP.NET Core applications are:
Asynchronous programming: ASP.NET Core supports asynchronous programming by using the async and awaits keywords. Asynchronous programming allows multiple tasks to be executed concurrently without blocking the main thread, improving the application's responsiveness.
Parallel programming: ASP.NET Core supports parallel programming using the Parallel class and the Task Parallel Library (TPL). Parallel programming allows multiple tasks to be executed concurrently across multiple processors, improving the application's performance.
Locking and synchronization: ASP.NET Core provides several mechanisms for locking and synchronization, including the lock keyword, the Interlocked class, and the Monitor class. These mechanisms allow multiple threads to access shared resources safely and prevent race conditions.
Concurrency control: ASP.NET Core supports concurrency control through transactional memory and the optimistic concurrency control (OCC) pattern. Concurrency control ensures that multiple threads can access and modify shared resources without interfering with each other.
Using these mechanisms, developers can build ASP.NET Core applications that are more responsive, scalable, and efficient, handling multiple requests and tasks concurrently and in parallel. However, using these mechanisms carefully and appropriately is important, as concurrency and parallelism can introduce new challenges, such as race conditions, deadlocks, and thread starvation.
10. How do you implement caching in ASP.NET Core?
Response caching in ASP.NET Core is a technique used to improve the performance and scalability of web applications by caching the ASP.NET Core MVC responses returned by the server for a specific period. Caching the response can help reduce the number of requests made to the server, as clients can reuse the cached response instead of requesting the same resource again.
Response caching works by adding a caching layer between the client and the server. When a client requests a resource, the caching layer checks whether the response for the request has been cached. If the response is cached, the caching layer returns the cached response to the client. If the response is not cached, the request is forwarded to the server, and the server generates the response and caches it for future use.
In ASP.NET Core, response caching can be implemented using the [ResponseCache] attribute, which can be applied to an action method in a controller. The attribute allows developers to specify the caching behavior, such as the duration of the cache, the location of the cache, and the cache key. By default, the caching location is on the client side, but it can also be set to a distributed or proxy cache depending on the needs of the application.
Response caching can significantly impact the performance and scalability of web applications, particularly for resources that are expensive to generate, such as database queries or API calls. However, itâs important to use response caching judiciously, as caching can also lead to stale data being returned to clients. Therefore, setting appropriate caching policies and ensuring the cache is invalidated when the underlying data changes are crucial.
11. Whatâs the difference between middleware and a filter in ASP.NET Core?
In ASP.NET Core, middleware and filters are two mechanisms used for processing requests and responses.
Middleware is a software component between the web server (like Apache) and the application and processes requests and responses during the application development. Middleware can be used for various tasks, such as authentication, logging, and error handling. Middleware is executed in a pipeline, and each middleware component can modify the request or response before passing it to the next component in the pipeline.
Conversely, filters are used to perform cross-cutting concerns on controllers and actions in an MVC application. Filters can be used for authorization, validation, and caching tasks. Filters are executed before and after the action method, and they can modify the request or response or short-circuit the request processing if necessary.
The main difference between middleware and filters is their scope and the way they are executed. Middleware is executed globally and can be used for any request or response. In contrast, filters are executed only for specific controllers or actions and can be used to modify the request or response before or after the action method.
12. What is Core CLR?
CoreCLR (Common Language Runtime, now renamed to .NET Runtime) is the runtime environment executing ASP.NET Core applications. It is the open-source implementation of the .NET runtime, developed by Microsoft and available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux, and macOS.
CoreCLR provides a managed execution environment for ASP.NET Core applications, including memory management, garbage collection, type safety, and security. It also supports just-in-time (JIT) compilation, which compiles code at runtime to native machine code, allowing for faster execution.
CoreCLR is designed to be modular, with various components such as the garbage collector, JIT compiler, and primitive data type system implemented as separate modules. This modularity allows for more flexibility and customization in building and deploying .NET Core applications.
CoreCLR is a critical component of the .NET platform, providing the necessary runtime infrastructure for developing and executing .NET applications across different platforms.
13. Have you worked with Docker on ASP.NET Core projects?
The Docker platform allows developers to package and deploy applications in lightweight, portable containers. In the context of ASP.NET Core, Docker provides a way to package and deploy ASP.NET Core applications and their dependencies in a self-contained, isolated container that can run on any platform that supports Docker.
Using Docker in ASP.NET Core, developers can create Docker images of their applications, which can be deployed to any environment that supports Docker. This makes it easy to deploy ASP.NET Core applications consistently and reliably, without worrying about differences in the underlying infrastructure.
Docker also provides a way to manage and orchestrate containers in a distributed system, allowing developers to scale their applications up or down as needed.
Overall, Docker is a powerful tool for developing, deploying, and managing ASP.NET Core applications, providing a portable, flexible, and scalable environment for building modern applications.
Apply for a remote .NET developer job at EPAM
With these advanced .NET Core interview questions and answers, you can confidently take your next career move. By applying to remote .NET developer jobs at EPAM Anywhere, youâll be working on projects from various industries, including finance, healthcare, and technology. Nail your technical interview at EPAM Anywhere and access competitive compensation packages, benefits, and professional growth and development opportunities. By joining the .NET team at EPAM Anywhere, you can advance your career while enjoying the flexibility and freedom of remote work.
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https://dotnetfiddle.net/
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C# Online Compiler
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Test your C# code online with .NET Fiddle code editor.
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Entity Framework Extensions - Fastest Way of Inserting Entities Trusted by over 5000 business to improve their application performance
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8582
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dbpedia
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0
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65719848/use-local-source-code-of-nuget-package-to-debug-and-edit-code
|
en
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Use local source code of NuGet package to debug and edit code
|
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""
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2021-01-14T13:24:26
|
I have a solution with an application project (ASP.NET Core) and multiple library projects. I want to separate some of the library projects into a separate solution and turn them into NuGet packages.
|
en
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https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196
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Stack Overflow
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/65719848/use-local-source-code-of-nuget-package-to-debug-and-edit-code
|
DNT (Dot Net Tools) does this. You can specify which packages to switch and where they are.
See the 'switch-to-packages' and 'switch-to-projects' command line switches.
Its a bit fiddley as (when I last tried) you had to create a config file that holds the mapping, and it seems to be easy to break the switching. But its something.
https://github.com/RicoSuter/DNT
I've not tried it, but maybe you can use it to switch to packages on a commit for the build server to work correctly? (Or to ensure the references are correct in source control?)
If you want to use nuget in your project and debug, even modify the source files of the nuget packages, this is not a good choice because you should build the nuget project(generate the new changed dll) and repack it as a nuget package, then reinstall, to enable the changes. It is too complex.
Once you install the nuget, no matter how many changes you make, it’s useless. The nuget installed at this time is the version you made before any changes. No matter how you change it, it is the previous version. The version stays at that timestamp, unless you repackage the project. Generate nupkg and update the nuget version.
So nuget is not a good choice for your situation, you should use ProjectReference.
Directly use the ProjectReference to reference two source projects, build at the same time, and get the changed parts at the same time.
ProjectReference could cross two different solutions.
Add this on the main project:
<ItemGroup> <!--add any nuget project'csproj file like this to debug its source code--> <ProjectReference Include="..\xxx\xxx.csproj"> </ProjectReference> </ItemGroup>
If the proejct is out of the solution, you could directly use the full path of the nuget project's csproj to connect it.
I'm not sure what you mean by "override" but you can always add the library project to your ASP.NET Core solution and reference it like normal project references. A project referenced within a solution doesn't have to be physically placed in the same folder as the solution itself.
This, however, does require that any developer on the project has both GIT repositories cloned locally (given your two solutions are located in separate GIT repos) in order to be able to build the ASP.NET Core solution. But I don't really see that as a downside.
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https://forum.alpaca.markets/t/programming-language-suggestions/12036
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Programming Language Suggestions
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2023-03-21T18:32:13+00:00
|
So, this is a very subjective question but…I am having a heck of a time trying to track down information on the right way to do things.
At the moment I have essentially just been building a database of information (not …
|
en
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Alpaca Community Forum
|
https://forum.alpaca.markets/t/programming-language-suggestions/12036
|
So, this is a very subjective question but…I am having a heck of a time trying to track down information on the right way to do things.
At the moment I have essentially just been building a database of information (not started playing with actually trading via the system). I am writing the code in C# at the moment and so far, I have been successful in pulling historic bars and subscribing to realtime bars.
Now I am working on news. I have been able to subscribe to real time news (although its…prone to just stopping) via the C# alpaca nuget package. However, I am trying to get historic news now and I’m running into a wall.
Generally speaking, it seems like the C# packages are not as well documented as the python API. Before I get any further in this project, I am curious what other experiences have been. Is it better to stick with C# or migrate to python (not my favorite language but I have been meaning to learn).
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https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel
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edge LLM technology quickly and easily into your apps
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Integrate cutting-edge LLM technology quickly and easily into your apps - microsoft/semantic-kernel
|
en
|
GitHub
|
https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-kernel
|
Python
.NET
Java
Semantic Kernel is an SDK that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) like OpenAI, Azure OpenAI, and Hugging Face with conventional programming languages like C#, Python, and Java. Semantic Kernel achieves this by allowing you to define plugins that can be chained together in just a few lines of code.
What makes Semantic Kernel special, however, is its ability to automatically orchestrate plugins with AI. With Semantic Kernel planners, you can ask an LLM to generate a plan that achieves a user's unique goal. Afterwards, Semantic Kernel will execute the plan for the user.
It provides:
abstractions for AI services (such as chat, text to images, audio to text, etc.) and memory stores
implementations of those abstractions for services from OpenAI, Azure OpenAI, Hugging Face, local models, and more, and for a multitude of vector databases, such as those from Chroma, Qdrant, Milvus, and Azure
a common representation for plugins, which can then be orchestrated automatically by AI
the ability to create such plugins from a multitude of sources, including from OpenAPI specifications, prompts, and arbitrary code written in the target language
extensible support for prompt management and rendering, including built-in handling of common formats like Handlebars and Liquid
and a wealth of functionality layered on top of these abstractions, such as filters for responsible AI, dependency injection integration, and more.
Semantic Kernel is utilized by enterprises due to its flexibility, modularity and observability. Backed with security enhancing capabilities like telemetry support, and hooks and filters so you’ll feel confident you’re delivering responsible AI solutions at scale. Semantic Kernel was designed to be future proof, easily connecting your code to the latest AI models evolving with the technology as it advances. When new models are released, you’ll simply swap them out without needing to rewrite your entire codebase.
The Semantic Kernel SDK is available in C#, Python, and Java. To get started, choose your preferred language below. See the Feature Matrix to see a breakdown of feature parity between our currently supported languages.
The quickest way to get started with the basics is to get an API key from either OpenAI or Azure OpenAI and to run one of the C#, Python, and Java console applications/scripts below.
Go to the Quick start page here and follow the steps to dive in.
After Installing the SDK, we advise you follow the steps and code detailed to write your first console app.
Go to the Quick start page here and follow the steps to dive in.
You'll need to ensure that you toggle to C# in the the Choose a programming language table at the top of the page.
The Java code is in the semantic-kernel-java repository. See semantic-kernel-java build for instructions on how to build and run the Java code.
Please file Java Semantic Kernel specific issues in the semantic-kernel-java repository.
The fastest way to learn how to use Semantic Kernel is with our C# and Python Jupyter notebooks. These notebooks demonstrate how to use Semantic Kernel with code snippets that you can run with a push of a button.
Getting Started with C# notebook
Getting Started with Python notebook
Once you've finished the getting started notebooks, you can then check out the main walkthroughs on our Learn site. Each sample comes with a completed C# and Python project that you can run locally.
📖 Getting Started
🔌 Detailed Samples
💡 Concepts
Finally, refer to our API references for more details on the C# and Python APIs:
C# API reference
Python API reference
Java API reference (coming soon)
The Semantic Kernel extension for Visual Studio Code makes it easy to design and test semantic functions. The extension provides an interface for designing semantic functions and allows you to test them with the push of a button with your existing models and data.
We welcome your contributions and suggestions to SK community! One of the easiest ways to participate is to engage in discussions in the GitHub repository. Bug reports and fixes are welcome!
For new features, components, or extensions, please open an issue and discuss with us before sending a PR. This is to avoid rejection as we might be taking the core in a different direction, but also to consider the impact on the larger ecosystem.
To learn more and get started:
Read the documentation
Learn how to contribute to the project
Ask questions in the GitHub discussions
Ask questions in the Discord community
Attend regular office hours and SK community events
Follow the team on our blog
This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
|
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8582
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dbpedia
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1
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https://stackify.com/net-core-vs-net-framework/
|
en
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.NET core vs .NET framework
|
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2023-09-06T07:00:00+00:00
|
Wondering about the difference between .NET Core & .NET Framework? Here’s a quick guide on how to pick the right runtime environment for your .NET applications
|
en
|
Stackify
|
https://stackify.com/net-core-vs-net-framework/
|
.NET Core vs .NET Framework: How to Pick a .NET Runtime for an Application
A while back we predicted that .NET Core would be the next big thing, offering developers many options in application development. Indeed, there is huge demand for developers skilled in this technology. But how does it differ from the .NET Framework, and what do you need to know to use them both effectively?
Today, we’ll contrast .NET Core vs. .NET Framework to help you choose which one to use for your next project. In this post, we’ll explain their key differences and how to make the best use of each. Let’s begin with a background on .NET.
Historically, the .NET Framework has only worked on Windows devices. The Xamarin and Mono projects worked to bring .NET to mobile devices, macOS and Linux. Now, .NET Core provides a standard base library that’s usable across Windows, Linux, macOS and mobile devices (via Xamarin).
There are four major components of .NET architecture:
Common language specification (CLS) defines how objects are implemented so they work everywhere .NET works. CLS is a subset of Common Type System (CTS) – which sets a common way to describe all types
Framework class library (FCL) is a standard library that collects reusable classes, interfaces and value types
Common language runtime (CLR) is the virtual machine that runs the framework and manages the execution of .NET programs
Visual Studio is used to create standalone applications, interactive websites, web applications and web services
.NET Core vs .NET Framework
Microsoft maintains both runtimes for building applications with .NET while sharing many of the same APIs. This shared API is called the .NET Standard.
Image via Wikipedia
Developers use the .NET Framework to create Windows desktop and server-based applications. This includes ASP.NET web applications. On the other hand, .NET Core is used to create server applications that run on Windows, Linux and Mac. It does not currently support creating desktop applications with a user interface. Developers can write applications and libraries in VB.NET, C# and F# in both runtimes.
C# is an object-oriented language similar to other C-style languages. The learning curve should not be a problem for developers already working with C and similar languages.
F# is a cross-platform language that also uses object-oriented programming.
Visual Basic is available in .NET Framework with limited .NET Core support with .NET Core 2.0.
When to Use .NET Core
A cross-platform and open-source framework, .NET Core is best when developing applications on any platform. .NET Core is used for cloud applications or refactoring large enterprise applications into microservices.
Screenshot via Microsoft.com
You should use .NET Core when:
There are cross-platform needs. Use it when the application needs to run across multiple platforms such as Windows, Linux and macOS. Those operating systems are supported as development workstations (and the list of supported operating systems is growing):
Visual Studio is compatible on Windows with a new limited version on macOS
Visual Studio Code can be used on Windows, Linux and macOS
All supported platforms allow the use of the command line
Using Microservices. Microservices, a form of service-oriented architecture, are software applications consisting of small, modular business services. Each service can run a unique process, be deployed independently and be created in different programming applications. .NET Core allows a mix of technologies, is lightweight and scalable for each microservice
Working with Docker containers. Containers and microservices architecture are often used together. Because it is lightweight and modular, .NET Core works very well with containers. You can deploy cross-platform server apps to Docker containers. .NET Framework works with containers, but the image size is larger
You have high-performance and scalable system needs. Microsoft recommends running .NET Core with ASP.NET Core for the best performance and scale. This becomes important when using hundreds of microservices. In such a case, a lower number of servers and virtual machines is best. The efficiency and scalability gained should translate to a better user experience in addition to cost savings
You are running multiple .NET versions side-by-side. To install applications with dependencies on different versions of frameworks in .NET, developers need to use .NET Core. Multiple services are executable on the same server with different versions of .NET
You want command line interface (CLI) control. Some developers prefer working in lightweight editors and command line control. .NET Core has a CLI for all supported platforms and requires minimal installation on production machines. And, there still is the opportunity to switch to an IDE, such as Visual Studio IDE
When Not to Use .NET Core
.NET Core does not have some of the .NET features nor support for all libraries and extensions. As such, you may encounter a few situations in which .NET Core may not be the best option (though continued development will likely eliminate this drawback). Consider the following scenarios:
Windows Forms and WPF applications are not supported – You still have to use Mono to make a .NET desktop application for macOS
ASP.NET WebForms don’t exist – Though Microsoft provides strategies for migrating ASP.NET Web Forms apps
You need to create a WCF service – .NET Core does not currently support WCF. Instead, you would need to make a REST API with ASP.NET Core MVC
Missing 3rd-party library support – .NET Core provides a compatibility shim between .NET Framework and .NET Core. But, you may still have issues with compatibility if the class library uses any .NET Framework APIs that are not supported (though this will help bridge a lot of class libraries to .NET Core)
Missing .NET Framework features – Some .NET Framework functionality is still missing in .NET Core. For example, Entity Framework Core is not the exact same as Entity Framework v6
You need to access Windows-specific APIs – If your application needs to work with the Windows Registry (WMI or other Windows specific APIs), it won’t work with .NET Core. It is designed to be more sandboxed away from the OS
Partial support for VB.NET and F# – Microsoft and the community continue to work on this but it’s not yet 100%
Developers Should Use .NET Framework When…
.NET Framework is distributed with Windows. Generally, it is used to build Windows desktop and large-scale enterprise applications using .NET workflow and data connection tools.
The .NET Framework provides services that include:
Memory management
Type and memory safety
Security
Networking
Application deployment
Data structures
APIs
.NET Framework can be used with Docker and Windows Containers and is most feasible when:
It is already being used – Instead of migrating, extend the application. For example, developers can write a new web service in ASP.NET Core
You’re using third-party libraries or NuGet packages not available in .NET Core – Despite .NET Core’s popularity, you’ll need to use the .NET Framework when working with libraries that aren’t compatible with .NET Core. NuGet is the free and open source package manager for .NET and other Microsoft development platforms. The NuGet ecosystem includes client tools that provide the ability to produce and consume packages. It also has a central package repository for package authors and consumers. It is available as a Visual Studio extension
You’re using technologies not yet available in .NET Core – .NET Core does not support all .NET Framework technologies. These not-yet-available technologies include:
ASP.NET Web Forms applications (no plans to port)
ASP.NET Web Pages applications (plans to port)
ASP.NET SignalR server/client implementation (plans to port)
WCF services implementation (no plans to migrate, but it is being considered)
Workflow related services (no plans to port) including Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), Workflow Services (WCF + WF in a single service), and WCF Data Services (formerly known as “ADO.NET Data Services”)
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and Windows Forms (no plans to port)
The platform does not support .NET Core – Again, not all Microsoft and third-party platforms support it, such as some of Azure’s services. You may encounter some issues even with supported services, which comes with the territory. With .NET Core increasingly gaining traction, it’s becoming easier to find tutorials and workarounds for issues you may encounter. For instance, we encountered a 502.5 Process Failure when trying to start an Azure App Service. So, we published a post offering guidance for others who encounter the same issue
When Not to Run .NET Framework
There are also a few situations in which you shouldn’t run the .NET Framework. These include when:
Multiple OS platforms are required
High performance and scalability are needed
.NET Core works
Open source framework is required
How to Port from .NET Framework to .NET Core
If and when you decide to migrate your .NET Framework to .NET Core, follow these steps (after a proper assessment, of course):
1. Analyze Third Party Dependencies
More than just knowing what the third-party dependencies are, you need to understand how the application functions with the third-party dependencies that run on .NET Core. You also need to be aware of what needs to be done if they do not run.
NuGet packages are easy to check plus the package has a set of folders for each platform. You can also look for a folder or entry on the Dependencies page with any of the following names:
netstandard1.0 netstandard1.1 netstandard1.2 netstandard1.3 netstandard1.4 netstandard1.5 netstandard1.6 netcoreapp1.0 portable-net45-win8 portable-win8-wpa8 portable-net451-win81 portable-net45-win8-wpa8-wpa81
If the dependencies are not NuGet packages, the ApiPort tool can check the portability of the dependency.
Since .NET Core 2.0, a compatibility shim allows referencing .NET Framework packages that haven’t been switched to use .NET Standard. Be sure to thoroughly test these packages as they may still have issues if they use unsupported APIs.
2. Target the .NET Standard Library
The .NET Standard library is intended to be available on all .NET runtimes. So, targeting the .NET Standard library is the best way to build a cross-platform class library.
There are multiple versions to consider that are available to varying degrees across eight platforms. If a project targets a lower version, it cannot reference a project that targets a higher version. Pick the lowest possible .NET Standard version to use across all projects. Below is a chart with each .NET Standard version that shows the specific areas they run on:
Screenshot via Microsoft.com
3. Retarget Projects
All the projects to be ported need to be targeted to .NET Framework 4.6.2. This will ensure API alternatives for .NET Framework specific targets can be used for non-supported APIs.
This is done easily in Visual Studio with a “Target Framework” command and recompiling the projects.
4. Port Tests Code
Porting code to .NET Core is a significant change; testing is strongly encouraged. Use a suitable testing framework such as:
xUnit
NUnit
MSTest
With tools like xUnit, it’s possible to use templates and edit them to write .NET Core tests. Here’s an example of an edited .csproj file:
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp1.1</TargetFramework> </PropertyGroup> <ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="xunit" Version="2.3.0-beta2-build3683" /> <DotNetCliToolReference Include="dotnet-xunit" Version="2.3.0-beta2-build3683" /> </ItemGroup> </Project>
5. Execute the Porting Plan
The best way to port the code depends on how the framework is structured. But breaking the code base into steps and layers should work well. Here is how to do it:
Identify the “base” of the library. This base could be the data models or classes and methods that everything else needs to use
Copy the base into a new .NET Core project
Make any changes needed to compile the code
Copy another layer of code and repeat
Then There is Xamarin
Xamarin may sound like a new prescription medication. However, Xamarin is a platform for developing apps that run on iOS, Android or Windows Phone devices.
Xamarin is written in C# and available in all editions of Visual Studio.
Microsoft promises that Xamarin is the best way to create a user interface (UI) and optimize performance in apps on multiple platforms. This is important today when apps need to run on at least iOS and Android devices.
Xamarin shares code across platforms and uses a single technology stack to decrease time to market and engineering costs. But user interface-intensive apps may need more platform-specific coding. The amount of code sharing and savings then decreases.
More .NET Platforms on .NET Standards
In addition to .NET Framework, .NET Core and Xamarin, .NET Standards also supports the following platforms:
Mono – An open-source .NET created before Xamarin and Microsoft collaborated. It is based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Infrastructure. In addition to C#, developers can use VB 8, Java, Python, Ruby, Eiffel, F# and Oxygene
Universal Windows Platform – Software platform created by Microsoft to help develop apps that run on Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Xbox One, IoT and Hololens devices. Developers can use C++, C#, VB.NET and XAML
Windows – versions 8.0 and 8.1 are supported
Windows Phone – Windows Phone was primarily developed for the consumer market and replaced by Windows 10 Mobile in 2015
Windows Phone Silverlight – The deprecated application framework was designed to run internet applications and compete with Adobe Flash
All these platforms will implement .NET Standards – a common set of APIs that replace portable class libraries (PCLs). This ensures code sharing across desktop applications, mobile apps, mobile games and cloud services.
It’s important to always have a good APM in place for your .NET application. Retrace is a great full lifecycle option that you can try for free.
You can also try Netreo’s free code profiler Prefix to write better code on your workstation. Prefix works with .NET, Java, PHP, Node.js, Ruby and Python.
Improve Your Code with Retrace APM
Stackify's APM tools are used by thousands of .NET, Java, PHP, Node.js, Python, & Ruby developers all over the world.
Explore Retrace's product features to learn more.
App Performance Management
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App & Server Metrics
Learn More
|
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0
| 86
|
https://www.hanselman.com/blog/exploring-net-cores-sourcelink-stepping-into-the-source-code-of-nuget-packages-you-dont-own
|
en
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Exploring .NET Core's SourceLink - Stepping into the Source Code of NuGet packages you don't own
|
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] |
[] |
[] |
[
"DotNetCore",
"Open Source",
"VS2017"
] | null |
[] | null |
According to https://github.com/dotnet/sourcelink, SourceLink 'enables a great ...
|
https://images.hanselman.com/main/favicon.ico
|
https://www.hanselman.com/blog/exploring-net-cores-sourcelink-stepping-into-the-source-code-of-nuget-packages-you-dont-own
|
According to https://github.com/dotnet/sourcelink, SourceLink "enables a great source debugging experience for your users, by adding source control metadata to your built assets."
Sounds fantastic. I download a NuGet to use something like Json.NET or whatever all the time, I'd love to be able to "Step Into" the source even if I don't have laying around. Per the GitHub, it's both language and source control agnostic. I read that to mean "not just C# and not just GitHub."
Visual Studio 15.3+ supports reading SourceLink information from symbols while debugging. It downloads and displays the appropriate commit-specific source for users, such as from raw.githubusercontent, enabling breakpoints and all other sources debugging experience on arbitrary NuGet dependencies. Visual Studio 15.7+ supports downloading source files from private GitHub and Azure DevOps (former VSTS) repositories that require authentication.
Looks like Cameron Taggart did the original implementation and then the .NET team worked with Cameron and the .NET Foundation to make the current version. Also cool.
Let me see if this really works and how easy (or not) it is.
I'm going to make a little library using the 5 year old Pseudointernationalizer from here. Fortunately the main function is pretty pure and drops into a .NET Standard library neatly.
I'll put this on GitHub, so I will include "PublishRepositoryUrl" and "EmbedUntrackedSources" as well as including the PDBs. So far my CSPROJ looks like this:
Pretty straightforward so far. As I am using GitHub I added this reference, but if I was using GitLab or BitBucket, etc, I would use that specific provider per the docs.
Now I'll pack up my project as a NuGet package.
D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore [master ≡]> dotnet pack -c release
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.8.166+gd4e8d81a88 for .NET Core
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Restoring packages for D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore\PsuedoizerCore.csproj...
Generating MSBuild file D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore\obj\PsuedoizerCore.csproj.nuget.g.props.
Restore completed in 96.7 ms for D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore\PsuedoizerCore.csproj.
PsuedoizerCore -> D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore\bin\release\netstandard2.0\PsuedoizerCore.dll
Successfully created package 'D:\github\SourceLinkTest\PsuedoizerCore\bin\release\PsuedoizerCore.1.0.0.nupkg'.
Let's look inside the .nupkg as they are just ZIP files. Ah, check out the generated *.nuspec file that's inside!
See under repository it points back to the location AND commit hash for this binary! That means I can give it to you or a coworker and they'd be able to get to the source. But what's the consumption experience like? I'll go over and start a new Console app that CONSUMES my NuGet library package. To make totally sure that I don't accidentally pick up the source from my machine I'm going to delete the entire folder. This source code no longer exists on this machine.
I'm using a "local" NuGet Feed. In fact, it's just a folder. Check it out:
See how I used -s to point to an alternate source? I could also configure my NuGet feeds, be they local directories or internal servers with "dotnet new nugetconfig" and including my NuGet Servers in the order I want them searched.
Here is my little app:
And the output is [Ħęľľő Ŵőřľđ! !!! !!!].
But can I step into it? I don't have the source remember...I'm using SourceLink.
In Visual Studio 2017 I confirm that SourceLink is enabled. This is the Portable PDB version of SourceLink, not the "SourceLink 1.0" that was "Enable Source Server Support." That only worked on Windows..
You'll also want to turn off "Just My Code" since, well, this isn't your code.
Now I'll start a Debug Session in my consumer app and hit F11 to Step Into the Library whose source I do not have!
Fantastic. It's going to get the source for me! Without git cloning the repository it will seamlessly let me continue my debugging session.
The temporary file ended up in C:\Users\scott\AppData\Local\SourceServer\4bbf4c0dc8560e42e656aa2150024c8e60b7f9b91b3823b7244d47931640a9b9 if you're interested. I'm able to just keep debugging as if I had the source...because I do! It came from the linked source.
Very cool. I'm going to keep digging into SourceLink and learning about it. It seems that if YOU have a library or published NuGet either inside your company OR out in the open source world that you absolutely should be using SourceLink.
You can even install the sourcelink global tool and test your .pdb files for greater insight.
Think about how much easier consumers of your library will have it when debugging their apps! Your package is no longer a black box. Go set this up on your projects today.
|
||||||
8582
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dbpedia
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0
| 69
|
https://avaloniaui.net/
|
en
|
Avalonia UI
|
http://avaloniaui.net/img/social/social-card.png
|
http://avaloniaui.net/img/social/social-card.png
|
[
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/brand.svg",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/screenshots/desktop/weather-app2.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/screenshots/desktop/lunacy.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/screenshots/desktop/rider.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/platforms/windows.svg",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/platforms/macos.svg",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/platforms/linux.svg",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/screenshots/desktop/lunacy-alt-dark.jpg",
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"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/xpf-dark-circle.png",
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"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/social/github.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/social/twitter.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/social/linkedin.png",
"https://avaloniaui.net/img/icons/social/youtube.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Build Pixel-Perfect Cross-Platform .NET Applications for Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, Android and the Browser.
|
en
|
favicon/favicon.ico
|
Avalonia UI
|
https://avaloniaui.net/
|
Visual Studio. The Avalonia Extension for Visual Studio 2022 provides XAML IntelliSense and a built-in XAML previewer, making developing cross-platform apps in Visual Studio a breeze.
JetBrains Rider. As users of Avalonia, JetBrains products natively understand Avalonia XAML, offering code completion and advanced refactoring support. Combined with the Avalonia Previewer extension, Rider is a powerhouse for cross-platform developers.
|
||
8582
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 87
|
https://www.mongodb.com/community/forums/t/issue-with-2-18-to-2-19-nuget-upgrade-of-mongodb-c-driver/211894
|
en
|
Issue with 2.18 to 2.19 NuGet Upgrade of MongoDB C# Driver
|
[
"https://www.mongodb.com/community/forums/user_avatar/www.mongodb.com/james_kovacs/48/2900_2.png",
"https://www.mongodb.com/community/forums/images/emoji/apple/frowning.png?v=12"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"queries",
"dot-net"
] | null |
[
"James_Kovacs (James Kovacs)",
"Mark_Mann (Mark Mann)",
"system (system) Closed",
"EMD_LAB (Emd Lab)"
] |
2023-02-03T16:29:51+00:00
|
I recently tried to update the MongoDB C# driver from 2.18 to 2.19 using the standard Visual Studio NuGet package updating process.
While the update itself went smoothly, I had system wide failures every where with the …
|
en
|
MongoDB Developer Community Forums
|
https://www.mongodb.com/community/forums/t/issue-with-2-18-to-2-19-nuget-upgrade-of-mongodb-c-driver/211894
|
I recently tried to update the MongoDB C# driver from 2.18 to 2.19 using the standard Visual Studio NuGet package updating process.
While the update itself went smoothly, I had system wide failures every where with the following exception:
“(x as ARoot) is not supported” I went through the patch notes but could not find anything directly related to this other than a small blurb about switching from LINQ2 to the LINQ3. I followed the instructions to manually set to LINQ2 but the issue still persisted. I have now rolled back to 2.18 but I would like to figure this out.
Essentially all objects in my system which are stored in mongo inherit from “AMongoThing”, which has some basic properties like the Mongo ObjectID, CreatedBy/CreatedDate, etc. The specific properties are not important.
There are a number of queries I make in the system, both get and set, where I don’t care what is actually stored in Mongo(Car, Person, Animal) because I am updating one of those root properties so my mongo call looks something like:
collection.Find( x => (x as AMongoThing).Created >= DateTime.Now.AddHours(-24))
This is obviously a super silly example but I can replicate the issue described above with this one line. That line works in 2.18 and fails in 2.19
I’m not sure if this is truly no longer support or I have some serializer or setting as part of my connection process which is causing the issue.
Thank you everyone for the feedback and comments.
I ended up creating a simple program using both 2.18 and 2.19, and it seems the LinqProvider.V2 did fix the problem. The problem when I originally tried that was in the way I was setting the linqProvider property/value.
I will however provide my sample program if anyone is interested. The failure will/not occur as you comment out the below line:
mcSettings.LinqProvider = LinqProvider.V2;
I cannot upload the code so I will try to paste it all here, I hope it works…
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Serializers; using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization; using MongoDB.Bson; using MongoDB.Driver; using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Linq.Expressions; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Reflection; using static MyFirstCoreApp.ExpressionCombiner; using System.Xml.Linq; using Mongo219; using MongoDB.Driver.Linq; namespace MyFirstCoreApp { public static class ExpressionCombiner { public static Expression<Func<T, bool>> And<T>(this Expression<Func<T, bool>> exp, Expression<Func<T, bool>> newExp) { var visitor = new ParameterUpdateVisitor(newExp.Parameters.First(), exp.Parameters.First()); newExp = visitor.Visit(newExp) as Expression<Func<T, bool>>; var binExp = Expression.And(exp.Body, newExp.Body); return Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(binExp, newExp.Parameters); } public class CsharpLegacyGuidSerializationProvider : IBsonSerializationProvider { public IBsonSerializer GetSerializer(Type type) { if (type == typeof(Guid)) return new GuidSerializer(GuidRepresentation.Standard); return null; } } public class ParameterUpdateVisitor : System.Linq.Expressions.ExpressionVisitor { private ParameterExpression _oldParameter; private ParameterExpression _newParameter; public ParameterUpdateVisitor(ParameterExpression oldParameter, ParameterExpression newParameter) { _oldParameter = oldParameter; _newParameter = newParameter; } protected override Expression VisitParameter(ParameterExpression node) { if (object.ReferenceEquals(node, _oldParameter)) return _newParameter; return base.VisitParameter(node); } } } public class Program { public static void CreateClassMaps() { var types = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes(); foreach (var item in types) { try { if (!item.IsInterface) { var classMap = new BsonClassMap(item); classMap.AutoMap(); classMap.SetDiscriminator(item.FullName); if (!BsonClassMap.IsClassMapRegistered(item)) { BsonClassMap.RegisterClassMap(classMap); } } } catch (Exception) { //unable to create specific class map } } } public static void Main(string[] args) { BsonSerializer.RegisterSerializationProvider(new CsharpLegacyGuidSerializationProvider()); MongoClientSettings mcSettings = new MongoClientSettings(); mcSettings.Server = new MongoServerAddress("localhost", 27017); mcSettings.LinqProvider = LinqProvider.V2; MongoClient client = new MongoClient(mcSettings); IMongoDatabase mongoDB = client.GetDatabase("MongoTest"); //clean it for fresh test each time mongoDB.GetCollection<AMongoThing>("Animals").DeleteMany(x => true); CreateClassMaps(); AddSomeData(mongoDB); //just test we get all animals var getAllAnimals = GetThings<AAnimal>( mongoDB, filter: null); //should only get 1 var getAnimalsBasedOnSomething = GetThings<AAnimal>( mongoDB, filter: x => (x as Pig).WillBeFood); } public static void AddSomeData(IMongoDatabase DB) { UpsertThing<Cat>( DB, filter: null, new Cat() { ID = "63e169c103f81b89b23add99", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program IsDomesticated = true, Age = 1, Gender = "Male", Name = "Fluffanutter" } ); UpsertThing<Cat>( DB, filter: null, new Cat() { ID = "63e169f4b42641ce7c5e85af", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program IsDomesticated = false, Age = 2, Gender = "Female", Name = "Brown Cat" } ); UpsertThing<Horse>( DB, filter: null, new Horse() { ID = "63e169f73aad61eaad4a78aa", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program LivesOnFarm = true, Age = 6, Gender = "Male", Name = "Neigh Neigh" } ); UpsertThing<Horse>( DB, filter: null, new Horse() { ID = "63e169fbbfb45bed8c515fe4", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program LivesOnFarm = false, Age = 12, Gender = "Male", Name = "Mr. Ed" } ); UpsertThing<Pig>( DB, filter: null, new Pig() { ID = "63e169ffb57d09e93a93251c", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program WillBeFood = true, Age = 3, Gender = "Male", Name = "Wilbur" } ); UpsertThing<Pig>( DB, filter: null, new Pig() { ID = "63e16a03db8e428dd6240b43", // only setting this manually to prevent duplicates when re-running the program WillBeFood = false, Age = 15, Gender = "Female", Name = "Sir Oinks" } ); } public static T UpsertThing<T>( IMongoDatabase DB, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T record) { var collectionName = (record as AMongoThing).StorageGrouping; var coll = DB.GetCollection<T>(collectionName); if ((record as AMongoThing).Created == null) { (record as AMongoThing).Created = DateTime.UtcNow; } (record as AMongoThing).LastModified = DateTime.UtcNow; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty((record as AMongoThing).ID)) { coll.InsertOne(record); return record; } else { if (filter == null) { filter = x => (x as AMongoThing).ID == (record as AMongoThing).ID; } else { filter = filter.And<T>(x => (x as AMongoThing).ID == (record as AMongoThing).ID); } return coll.FindOneAndReplace( filter, record, new FindOneAndReplaceOptions<T, T> { IsUpsert = true, ReturnDocument = ReturnDocument.After }); } } public static List<T> GetThings<T>( IMongoDatabase DB, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter) { var collectionName = "Unknown"; if (typeof(T) == typeof(AMongoThing) || typeof(T).IsSubclassOf(typeof(AMongoThing))) { var temp = Activator.CreateInstance(typeof(T)); collectionName = (temp as AMongoThing).StorageGrouping; } var coll = DB.GetCollection<T>(collectionName); var myCursor = coll.FindSync<T>(filter ?? FilterDefinition<T>.Empty); List<T> returnValue = new List<T>(); while (myCursor.MoveNext()) { returnValue.AddRange(myCursor.Current as List<T>); } return returnValue; } } } using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes; using MongoDB.Bson; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace Mongo219 { [BsonIgnoreExtraElements] public class AMongoThing { [BsonId] [BsonIgnoreIfDefault] [BsonRepresentation(BsonType.ObjectId)] public string? ID { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } = ""; public string StorageGrouping { get; set; } [BsonDateTimeOptions(Kind = DateTimeKind.Utc)] public DateTime? Created { get; set; } [BsonDateTimeOptions(Kind = DateTimeKind.Utc)] public DateTime? LastModified { get; set; } } [BsonIgnoreExtraElements] public class AAnimal : AMongoThing { public string Gender { get; set; } public int Age { get; set; } public AAnimal() { this.StorageGrouping = "Animals"; } } [BsonIgnoreExtraElements] public class Cat : AAnimal { public bool IsDomesticated { get; set; } public Cat() { this.StorageGrouping = "Animals"; } } [BsonIgnoreExtraElements] public class Horse : AAnimal { public bool LivesOnFarm { get; set; } public Horse() { this.StorageGrouping = "Animals"; } } [BsonIgnoreExtraElements] public class Pig : AAnimal { public bool WillBeFood { get; set; } public Pig() { this.StorageGrouping = "Animals"; } } }
Hi, @Mark_Mann,
Thank you for your code example. I understand the problem that you’ve encountered.
You are creating a filter using x as AMongoThing, which LINQ3 attempts to convert into a server-side $convert operation. The server is not aware of C# class definitions and has no way to know how to cast an arbitrary object to AMongoThing and thus fails.
This worked by happenstance in LINQ2 because we blindly discarded cast operations that we didn’t understand. This is dangerous as the cast operation may be important to your logic.
Fortunately the fix in your code is straightforward. You can use a generic type constraint on your method, which is much safer than the cast.
public static T UpsertThing<T>( IMongoDatabase DB, Expression<Func<T, bool>> filter, T record) where T: AMongoThing
By annotating the method with where T: AMongoThing, you can safely eliminate all the as AMongoThing casts. Not only is the code clearer, but it is safer as the compiler prevents you from passing in objects that do not derive from AMongoThing. Previously you would have encountered a NullReferenceException at runtime if the object passed did not derive from AMongoThing.
I hope this resolves your problem.
Sincerely,
James
James,
Interesting and thank you for that feedback. I think the way I am using Mongo is extremely strange then, but it has been profoundly successful for us from a code management, expansion, and maintenance perspective.
We decided, for right or wrong I suppose, to put the responsibility on the developer to know what objects they have and derive from. You are correct that it would throw a null exception and we do catch that(and others) and deal with them accordingly.
In your above example it would me to specify a single “where T: ” at the end, but we actually use filters where there are multiple types assumed/used. So I cannot specify a single “AMongoThing” without sacrificing other aspects of my query
In my provided example I simplified things just to highlight the error I encountered, but we use mongoDB in some very interesting ways. I would be happy to show you what we’ve done if you were interested.
I will be using my sample project to attempt an upgrade to 2.19 as we encountered some other issues as well. Do you happen to know if/when LINQ2 will no longer be supported?
Hi, @Mark_Mann,
Thank you for the additional information and continued discussion. It was a design decision to be more rigorous about only removing casts (aka $convert) with LINQ3 as LINQ2 allows you to do strange things like cast a string to a bool - which will fail with LINQ-to-Objects but magically work server-side because the cast is simply stripped out of the expression.
In your use case, you use the casts to make the C# compiler happy, not to express server-side $convert expressions. While unusual, it is not as uncommon as we may have initially thought. I’m going to discuss this with the engineering team to see if and how we can support use cases such as yours.
It would be helpful to file a CSHARP ticket in JIRA along with a description of your use case, a repro, and any publicly available code so that we can review and triage it. Thank you in advance.
Removing LINQ2 support is a breaking change and will not be done until the next major version, 3.0.0. We do not have a timeline for the 3.0.0 release yet, but the soonest would be later this year or early next.
Sincerely,
James
|
|||||
8582
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dbpedia
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0
| 68
|
https://cloudsmith.com/blog/what-is-nuget
|
en
|
What is NuGet?
|
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You’ve probably heard the term “NuGet” in reference to code packages, package managers, software libraries, and even software installers. Learn about the NuGet universe as part of our Package series.
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en
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/favicon.svg
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Cloudsmith
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https://cloudsmith.com/blog/what-is-nuget
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An Introduction to NuGet
If you’ve spent any amount of time in the .NET / Microsoft developer ecosystem, you’ve probably heard the term “NuGet” in reference to code packages, package managers, software libraries, and even software installers. Understandably, this can cause a lot of confusion around what NuGet actually is.
This article will help you understand:
What NuGet is
Where NuGet came from
What a NuGet package is
Common use cases and tooling for NuGet packages
What is NuGet?
NuGet is the official package management system for .NET development. This includes a platform and tooling to help .NET developers create, publish, consume, and share reusable code. The format in which the code is bundled is called a NuGet package, which is simply a shareable unit of code.
Where did NuGet come from?
NuGet was created in 2010 (under the name “NuPack”) by the Outercurve Foundation, a non-profit founded by Microsoft. The goal of this foundation was to "enable the exchange of code and understanding among software companies and open source communities." The Outercurve Foundation was a precursor to the current .Net Foundation and contributed projects like NuGet to this group.
So what’s in a NuGet Package?
So what actually is a NuGet package? Well, the short answer is it’s just a fancy zip file that uses the “.nupkg” extension. This archive can contain:
Compiled code in the form of libraries (DLL’s), or in some cases binaries (EXE’s and MSI’s)
Additional files related to the code (often describing how to use/install it)
A manifest file (“.nuspec”) detailing metadata about the package (version, author, etc.)
Where are NuGet packages stored?
Developers wanting to store or share this code with their team or others can simply publish their NuGet packages to a Public or Private NuGet repository. This also encourages developers to write code that is more reusable among teams, with libraries and dependencies that are well-defined. Why reinvent the wheel if you don’t have to?
NuGet Flavors: Communities & Tooling
Several distinct communities in the .NET ecosystem utilize the NuGet package format. Each of these communities has its own unique use case and tooling, along with its own “flavors” of NuGet package.
.NET Developer Community (C#)
Community: .NET Developers
Organization: .Net Foundation; Microsoft
Language of Choice: C# (with some F#, VB)
Tools of Choice: Visual Studio; NuGet CLI (nuget.exe)
Public Repository: NuGet Gallery
The .Net Developer Community largely uses C# as their programming language of choice (though F# and VB definitely have a presence here as well). With the move to .NET Core as a fully cross-platform and open-source framework, the community has garnered wider adoption and support on desktop, mobile, Cloud, and IoT operating systems.
This Community largely interacts with .NET via Visual Studio, the most popular IDE (Integrated Developer Environment) in this tech stack. Visual Studio offers .Net developers the ability to interact with their NuGet repositories via its graphical interface. In fact, the NuGet Gallery (hosted at nuget.org) already comes pre-configured as a package source. As of writing, the NuGet Gallery hosts almost 300,000 unique NuGet packages! Developers can add NuGet packages directly within their C# project and are then immediately given the ability to reference the libraries from that package in their code (with IntelliSense auto-suggestion).
How to install a NuGet package in Visual Studio
Watch the video below on how to install and use a NuGet Package with Visual Studio; courtesy of Microsoft:
Developers that prefer to create their own NuGet packages often choose to use the NuGet CLI (command-line interface; a.k.a. nuget.exe). The NuGet CLI allows users to install, create, publish, and manage packages without leaving their console. This also affords users the ability to interact programmatically with NuGet packages in their pipelines.
PowerShell Developer Community
Community: PowerShell Community
Organizations: PowerShell Community Slack / Discord; Microsoft
Language of Choice: PowerShell
Tools of Choice: PowerShell (pwsh), Windows PowerShell (powershell.exe)
Public Repository: PowerShell Gallery
PowerShell is a programming language, a scripting language, and a command-line shell all rolled into one! It has gained a great deal of popularity as a “glue language,” being a tool of choice in DevOps & Automation pipelines. All three major cloud vendors (AWS, Azure, GCP) support interaction with their platform via PowerShell modules and even include them in their SDK (Software Development Kit). Windows PowerShell comes installed by default on all Microsoft Windows operating systems. PowerShell (7+; a.k.a. pwsh.exe) is also available as a cross-platform open-source binary.
PowerShell developers utilize PowerShell modules as their unit of shareable and reusable code. PowerShell Modules contain functions and cmdlets (pronounced “commandlets”) that abstract away the need to do string manipulation.
For users interested in sharing and reusing code publicly, Microsoft hosts the PowerShell Gallery, with over 9,500 unique modules. In effect, PowerShell uses “nuget.exe” under the hood of its cmdlets that interact with NuGet repositories to create, upload, and download PowerShell modules wrapped in NuGet packages. The modules themselves are not kept in NuGet format once installed or imported; the NuGet packages are simply used as a conveyance mechanism.
Chocolatey Developer Community
Community: Chocolatey
Organization: Chocolatey Software
Language of Choice: Chocolatey CLI; PowerShell
Tools of Choice: Chocolatey CLI; Chocolatey GUI
Public Repository: Chocolatey Community Repository
Chocolatey is a Windows software management solution that was created by Rob Reynolds in 2011. It is a CLI tool (“choco.exe”) that allows users to package and install any kind of Windows software into a Chocolatey NuGet package. Chocolatey packages are a slightly different “flavor” of NuGet. They usually include binaries (EXE’s and MSI’s), along with instructions on how to install, upgrade, and uninstall these applications in the form of PowerShell scripts. The fact that users can bundle pretty much any kind of installer or PowerShell scripting in a reusable package format has solidified Chocolatey as one of the most versatile and ubiquitous choices for installing and managing software on Windows endpoints.
The Chocolatey Community Repository hosts over 9,000 community packages in the Chocolatey NuGet format, containing simple, scriptable, and silent installation methods for most popular Windows applications (e.g., 7Zip, Notepad++, Firefox, Chrome). Many of these packages are for open-source software as well, and almost all of them are contributed by community maintainers. This gives a System Administrator a quick and easy way to provision and patch a set of base applications on all their Windows endpoints. In addition, Chocolatey Software also offers Chocolatey for Business with a more advanced feature set for creating, updating, and monitoring the status of Chocolatey NuGet packages in an organization.
NuGet packages don’t always play nice together
As you can probably see from the above examples, NuGet packages can come in many “flavors,” with notably different compositions. Thus, it should come as no surprise that mixing and matching different formats is not supported or recommended.
For example, Pester, the testing framework for PowerShell, exists as a package on the NuGet Gallery, PowerShell Gallery, and Chocolatey Community Repository. However, you can’t “choco install” the NuGet Gallery package or use “Install-Module” in PowerShell to begin using it. The lack of interoperability between repositories and NuGet formats can often be the source of confusion.
To add another wrinkle, the NuGet Team deprecated NuGet V2 in favor of V3 on the NuGet Gallery (citing performance and scalability issues of NuGet V2 OData feeds and queries). This works fine as long as you’re only using Visual Studio or the NuGet CLI. However, both PowerShell and Chocolatey communities currently only support the NuGet V2 format for their NuGet package management.
Conclusion
Hopefully, this article has helped clear up some confusion on what NuGet is as a package format and how developers use NuGet packages in their .Net, C#, PowerShell, and Chocolatey code workflows.
If you or your organization are looking for a global, secure, cloud-native, and universal package repository solution to host Nuget packages along with 26+ other formats (including Docker containers), reach out to us here at Cloudsmith, and we’d love to understand your use case, and show how we can help.
If you’d rather try Cloudsmith for yourself first, we also offer a 14-day free trial, documentation, and videos to help you get started.
If you're intrigued to learn more about specific package formats, delve into our series below:
What is Conda
What is Helm
NuGet FAQs
Here is a quick roundup of the common NuGet questions we’ve come across.
What is NuGet in C#?
C# is the most popular programming language used by developers building software with the .NET Framework. NuGet is used to improve C# developer productivity since reusable units of code can be packaged in a NuGet format and shared among teams and the OSS community. Developers can add NuGet packages directly within their C# project and are then immediately given the ability to reference the libraries from that package in their code.
Are NuGet packages safe to use?
Should you be worried about the safety of NuGet packages? We live and breathe security here at Cloudsmith, and you should always be in control of your software supply chain. Real talk: you should be careful about any kind of package you download from public repositories, as detailed in our article discussing what developers and organizations want from a package repository. But a NuGet package is as secure as any other package format; you just need to do your due diligence to vet the sources of these packages appropriately.
What is a NuGet repository?
NuGet repositories (also known as NuGet feeds) are where you can upload and store your NuGet packages. At Cloudsmith, our package repositories are multi-format friendly, meaning you can store NuGet packages alongside other popular formats in the same repo, such as Docker images, Maven packages, and 24+ other formats too!
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dbpedia
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https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/v2/guide/work-with-cdk-csharp.html
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Working with the AWS CDK in C#
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.NET is a fully-supported client language for the AWS CDK and is considered stable. C# is the main .NET language for which we provide examples and support. You can choose to write AWS CDK applications in other .NET languages, such as Visual Basic or F#, but AWS offers limited support for using these languages with the CDK.
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/assets/images/favicon.ico
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https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cdk/v2/guide/work-with-cdk-csharp.html
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.NET is a fully-supported client language for the AWS CDK and is considered stable. C# is the main .NET language for which we provide examples and support. You can choose to write AWS CDK applications in other .NET languages, such as Visual Basic or F#, but AWS offers limited support for using these languages with the CDK.
You can develop AWS CDK applications in C# using familiar tools including Visual Studio, Visual Studio Code, the dotnet command, and the NuGet package manager. The modules comprising the AWS Construct Library are distributed via nuget.org.
We suggest using Visual Studio 2019 (any edition) on Windows to develop AWS CDK apps in C#.
Get started with C#
To work with the AWS CDK, you must have an AWS account and credentials and have installed Node.js and the AWS CDK Toolkit. See Getting started with the AWS CDK.
C# AWS CDK applications require .NET Core v3.1 or later, available here.
The .NET toolchain includes dotnet, a command-line tool for building and running .NET applications and managing NuGet packages. Even if you work mainly in Visual Studio, this command can be useful for batch operations and for installing AWS Construct Library packages.
Creating a project
You create a new AWS CDK project by invoking cdk init in an empty directory. Use the --language option and specify csharp:
mkdir my-project cd my-project cdk init app --language csharp
cdk init uses the name of the project folder to name various elements of the project, including classes, subfolders, and files. Hyphens in the folder name are converted to underscores. However, the name should otherwise follow the form of a C# identifier; for example, it should not start with a number or contain spaces.
The resulting project includes a reference to the Amazon.CDK.Lib NuGet package. It and its dependencies are installed automatically by NuGet.
Managing AWS Construct Library modules
The .NET ecosystem uses the NuGet package manager. The main CDK package, which contains the core classes and all stable service constructs, is Amazon.CDK.Lib. Experimental modules, where new functionality is under active development, are named like Amazon.CDK.AWS.SERVICE-NAME.Alpha, where the service name is a short name without an AWS or Amazon prefix. For example, the NuGet package name for the AWS IoT module is Amazon.CDK.AWS.IoT.Alpha. If you can't find a package you want, search Nuget.org.
Some services' AWS Construct Library support is in more than one module. For example, AWS IoT has a second module named Amazon.CDK.AWS.IoT.Actions.Alpha.
The AWS CDK's main module, which you'll need in most AWS CDK apps, is imported in C# code as Amazon.CDK. Modules for the various services in the AWS Construct Library live under Amazon.CDK.AWS. For example, the Amazon S3 module's namespace is Amazon.CDK.AWS.S3.
We recommend writing C# using directives for the CDK core constructs and for each AWS service you use in each of your C# source files. You may find it convenient to use an alias for a namespace or type to help resolve name conflicts. You can always use a type's fully-qualfiied name (including its namespace) without a using statement.
Managing dependencies in C#
In C# AWS CDK apps, you manage dependencies using NuGet. NuGet has four standard, mostly equivalent interfaces. Use the one that suits your needs and working style. You can also use compatible tools, such as Paket or MyGet or even edit the .csproj file directly.
NuGet does not let you specify version ranges for dependencies. Every dependency is pinned to a specific version.
After updating your dependencies, Visual Studio will use NuGet to retrieve the specified versions of each package the next time you build. If you are not using Visual Studio, use the dotnet restore command to update your dependencies.
Editing the project file directly
Your project's .csproj file contains an <ItemGroup> container that lists your dependencies as <PackageReference elements.
<ItemGroup> <PackageReference Include="Amazon.CDK.Lib" Version="2.14.0" /> <PackageReference Include="Constructs" Version="%constructs-version%" /> </ItemGroup>
The Visual Studio NuGet GUI
Visual Studio's NuGet tools are accessible from Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Manage NuGet Packages for Solution. Use the Browse tab to find the AWS Construct Library packages you want to install. You can choose the desired version, including prerelease versions of your modules, and add them to any of the open projects.
Look on the Updates page to install new versions of your packages.
The NuGet console
The NuGet console is a PowerShell-based interface to NuGet that works in the context of a Visual Studio project. You can open it in Visual Studio by choosing Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Package Manager Console. For more information about using this tool, see Install and Manage Packages with the Package Manager Console in Visual Studio.
The dotnet command
The dotnet command is the primary command line tool for working with Visual Studio C# projects. You can invoke it from any Windows command prompt. Among its many capabilities, dotnet can add NuGet dependencies to a Visual Studio project.
Assuming you're in the same directory as the Visual Studio project (.csproj) file, issue a command like the following to install a package. Because the main CDK library is included when you create a project, you only need to explicitly install experimental modules. Experimental modules require you to specify an explicit version number.
dotnet add package Amazon.CDK.AWS.IoT.Alpha -v VERSION-NUMBER
You can issue the command from another directory. To do so, include the path to the project file, or to the directory that contains it, after the add keyword. The following example assumes that you are in your AWS CDK project's main directory.
dotnet add src/PROJECT-DIR package Amazon.CDK.AWS.IoT.Alpha -v VERSION-NUMBER
To install a specific version of a package, include the -v flag and the desired version.
To update a package, issue the same dotnet add command you used to install it. For experimental modules, again, you must specify an explicit version number.
For more information about managing packages using the dotnet command, see Install and Manage Packages Using the dotnet CLI.
The nuget command
The nuget command line tool can install and update NuGet packages. However, it requires your Visual Studio project to be set up differently from the way cdk init sets up projects. (Technical details: nuget works with Packages.config projects, while cdk init creates a newer-style PackageReference project.)
We do not recommend the use of the nuget tool with AWS CDK projects created by cdk init. If you are using another type of project, and want to use nuget, see the NuGet CLI Reference.
AWS CDK idioms in C#
Props
All AWS Construct Library classes are instantiated using three arguments: the scope in which the construct is being defined (its parent in the construct tree), an id, and props, a bundle of key/value pairs that the construct uses to configure the resources it creates. Other classes and methods also use the "bundle of attributes" pattern for arguments.
In C#, props are expressed using a props type. In idiomatic C# fashion, we can use an object initializer to set the various properties. Here we're creating an Amazon S3 bucket using the Bucket construct; its corresponding props type is BucketProps.
var bucket = new Bucket(this, "MyBucket", new BucketProps { Versioned = true });
When extending a class or overriding a method, you may want to accept additional props for your own purposes that are not understood by the parent class. To do this, subclass the appropriate props type and add the new attributes.
// extend BucketProps for use with MimeBucket class MimeBucketProps : BucketProps { public string MimeType { get; set; } } // hypothetical bucket that enforces MIME type of objects inside it class MimeBucket : Bucket { public MimeBucket( readonly Construct scope, readonly string id, readonly MimeBucketProps props=null) : base(scope, id, props) { // ... } } // instantiate our MimeBucket class var bucket = new MimeBucket(this, "MyBucket", new MimeBucketProps { Versioned = true, MimeType = "image/jpeg" });
When calling the parent class's initializer or overridden method, you can generally pass the props you received. The new type is compatible with its parent, and extra props you added are ignored.
A future release of the AWS CDK could coincidentally add a new property with a name you used for your own property. This won't cause any technical issues using your construct or method (since your property isn't passed "up the chain," the parent class or overridden method will simply use a default value) but it may cause confusion for your construct's users. You can avoid this potential problem by naming your properties so they clearly belong to your construct. If there are many new properties, bundle them into an appropriately-named class and pass them as a single property.
Generic structures
In some APIs, the AWS CDK uses JavaScript arrays or untyped objects as input to a method. (See, for example, AWS CodeBuild's BuildSpec.fromObject() method.) In C#, these objects are represented as System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<String, Object>. In cases where the values are all strings, you can use Dictionary<String, String>. JavaScript arrays are represented as object[] or string[] array types in C#.
Missing values
In C#, missing values in AWS CDK objects such as props are represented by null. The null-conditional member access operator ?. and the null coalescing operator ?? are convenient for working with these values.
// mimeType is null if props is null or if props.MimeType is null string mimeType = props?.MimeType; // mimeType defaults to text/plain. either props or props.MimeType can be null string MimeType = props?.MimeType ?? "text/plain";
Build and run CDK appliations
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en
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7 Best C# IDEs in 2022
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[
"Tariq Siddiqui"
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2022-02-04T23:23:17+00:00
|
A look at some of the best integrated development environments (IDE) for C#. Learn which code editor is right for your software development.
|
en
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CodeGuru
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https://www.codeguru.com/tools/7-best-c-sharp-ide/
|
CodeGuru content and product recommendations are editorially independent. We may make money when you click on links to our partners. Learn More.
C# is a general-purpose, object-oriented, and multi-paradigm programming language used for building applications for different technologies including .Net, Unity, Xamarin, and more. C# is built by Microsoft and is widely used for web app development, Windows applications, driver software, and video games.
As developers will be aware, IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment, which is a set of tools – like code editor, debugger, and build automation features – that are used for software development and enhancement.
Top C# IDEs
This developer tool review will highlight some of the trending IDEs and code editors for programming in 2022. They are not listed in any particular order.
1. Visual Studio Code
For C# software development, Visual Studio Code is one of the most popular IDEs used by programmers. This is an open-source text editor and IDE developed by Microsoft. It has built-in support for languages like C#, Typescript, JavaScript, and Node.JS. Moreover, it also provides IntelliSense and auto-completion features based on module names, variables types, and function definitions.
Key features of Visual Studio Code IDE:
Support for multi-platforms like macOS, Windows, and Linux.
The IDE is highly customizable and extensible by importing extensions (themes, debuggers, languages, additional services, etc.) from the the Visual Studio Marketplace.
Features for working with Node.js.
Built-in code-refactoring and debugging tools.
Easy configuration with Git and other version control systems.
Supports almost every programming language, including Go, JSON, HTML, C++, Java,
Python, and more. Extensions are available for most major languages that do not have built-in support.
Read: Visual Studio Code Extensions for Higher Productivity
2. Rider IDE
Rider is a cross-platform C# IDE from JetBrains that works with the IntelliJ platform and ReSharper.
Key features of Rider Code Editor:
Supports all major platforms, including Windows, Mac, and Linux
Designed to work well with .NET and .NET Core.
Built-in support for HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Typescript, and Bootstrap.
You can also work on SQL databases without leaving the Rider application.
Unit testing is made easy with unit testing tools like NUnits, xUnit.net, and so on.
Supports most .NET programming languages, including C#, VB.NET, F#, and Razor, as well as, XML, JavaScript, TypeScript, HTML, JSON, and CSS.
Automatically detects and highlights compile errors, runtime errors, and other coding issues.
Read: Debugging Tools for C#
3. Visual Studio
Visual Studio is the most popular IDE and software development tool for building .NET applications using C#. It is a product from Microsoft that is also very popular among developers who build applications using the .NET ecosystem.
Key features of Visual Studio:
Visual Studio is used for building web applications, websites, mobile applications, Windows applications, and video games.
Supports more than 30 programming languages.
You can extend the functionality of Visual Studio by installing third-party extensions and tools via the Visual Studio Marketplace.
Comes with built-in Agile project planning tools and charts.
Increased productivity via the CodeLens feature, which displays code references, code changes, and last modified methods all from the text editor.
Collaboration tools that support a DevOps approach, thanks to Azure DevOps (for Professional subscribers). These include source control management, artifact repositories, and CI/CD platforms.
Read: Top Project Management Tools for .NET and C# Developers
4. SlickEdit
SlickEdit is a cross-platform code editor with support for more than 50 programming languages. With SlickEdit, you can bring increased productivity to your code, thanks in part to the ability to easily integrate and sync your work with different version control tools, including Git, Subversion, Mercurial, Perforce, and CVS.
Key features of SlickEdit IDE:
Support for multiple platforms: Windows, macOS, Linux, and Raspberry Pi.
Quickly spot the errors in programs by using the built-in compiler and debugger.
Support for various version control system tools, including Shelving and DiffZilla.
Comes with Standard and Pro editions. Upgrading to the pro edition offers a lot of useful features at an affordable price.
Integration with Unit testing tools such as JUnit.
5. Monodevelop
Monodevelop is a code editor developed by Xamarin. The code editor was created to provide a similar set of features as that of Visual Studio Code.
Key features of Monodevelop:
Support for multi-operating systems.
Code auto-completion features for C#, plus code templates and code folding.
Easy debugging features thanks to a built-in debugger.
Other built-in tools include those that help with source control, makefile integration, unit testing, and packaging.
Simple interface, making coding more efficient and giving developers an easier learning curve than Visual Studio.
Works well with many programming languages, including C#, F#, Visual Basic, and Vala.
Built-in GTK# visual designer.
Integrates well with third-party tools and databases including MS SQL Server, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle.
Read: How to Install and Configure Microsoft Visual Code for C#
6. Scriptcs
Scriptcs is a lightweight text editor that allows programmers to code in C# with ease, avoiding the sometimes clunkiness of more robust IDEs. You can also execute scripts in Scriptcs simply by switching to ‘Javascript’ in the scripts environment settings.
Key Features:
Allows C# programmers to hop right in and start coding without having to create a new environment or project.
Helps to bootstrap the environment for script execution and reduces the amount of code required to integrate C# frameworks.
The text editor lets developers easily manage dependencies in C# applications using NuGet.
Syntax highlighting.
7. DevExpress
DevExpress is an IDE for C# programmers that grants access to a bevy of developer tools and frameworks, all targeted at helping coders create robust and interactive .NET applications. With DevExpress, you can build applications that feature high-impact user experiences using sets of controls for Windows Desktop, Web, Xamarin, and Maui. The toolset also helps programmers create applications – and further support those apps – with analytics dashboards and decision support systems.
Key features of DevExpress:
Reporting and analytics tools.
Support for Office API and PDF API.
Supports fully integrated suite of UI components like Analytics dashboard and decision support systems,
Desktop UI components, web components, business intelligence dashboards, and testing/QA features.
Cross-platform application development for .NET, Xamarin, and .NET Maui.
Support for multiple frameworks, including XAF, XPO, .NET Security API, and CodeRush for VS.
Conclusion to Top C# IDEs in 2022
Odds are, you are happy with your current IDE and do not want to switch, but a good developer should always keep an eye out for tools that will let them code with higher efficiency and increase coding productivity. At the end of the day, the best IDE is the one that matches your coding habits and those of your software development team.
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https://code-maze.com/dotnet-what-is-it-why-should-we-use-it/
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What is .NET – Why Should We Use It, and What Can We Do With It
|
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[
""
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[
"Muhammed Saleem"
] |
2022-10-04T07:47:33+00:00
|
In this article, we'll learn about .NET, its capabilities, different .NET languages, application models, tools, community, etc.
|
en
|
Code Maze
|
https://code-maze.com/dotnet-what-is-it-why-should-we-use-it/
|
In this article, we are going to learn about .NET and its capabilities. We’ll see what .NET is, what different application models .NET supports, why should we use it, and some limitations.
So let’s get going.
What is .NET?
.NET is a free, cross-platform, open source developer platform, in which we can create different types of applications. Designed and developed by Microsoft, it supports the use of multiple programming languages, and code editors, and runs on multiple platforms. One of the major goals of .NET is to provide developers with a single platform for application development. These applications can be of different types and can run on different operating systems.
In a nutshell, .NET consists of the runtime environment, compilers, languages, and base class libraries. On top of that, there are several application models. Each application model caters to specific types of applications like the cloud, web, desktop, mobile, etc.
Different Implementations
Let’s take a look at the different .NET implementations:
.NET 5+(previously .NET Core) is the cross-platform implementation of .NET that can run on Windows, macOS, and Linux. We can develop different types of applications like cloud, web, desktop, etc. using it. As of the date of writing this article, the latest version is .NET 6 but .NET 7 is in preview mode.
.NET Framework is old and original .NET implementation that is available since 2002. We can use it to develop both web and desktop applications. However, it is optimized for building desktop applications and runs only on Windows. As of the date of writing this article, the latest version is .NET Framework 4.8.1.
Mono is a .NET implementation that supports building Xamarin-based mobile applications on Android, iOS, etc.
UWP is an implementation of .NET that we can use to build touch-enabled applications for the Internet of Things(IoT). It can target different types of devices like PCs, tablets, phones, Xbox, etc.
To maintain uniformity, different .NET implementations share a common set of components and APIs. This minimal set of libraries is called the .NET Standard. The latest version is .NET standard 2.1 and Microsoft does not plan to release new versions. That said, all future versions of .NET will continue to support current and earlier versions of the .NET Standard.
To learn more about all the differences between .NET Framework, .NET Standard, and .NET Core, you can read our article on this subject.
Different Languages
While using .NET, we can use different languages to write programs. Let’s take a look at a few popular .NET languages:
C# is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe language. It is a good choice for developing web, desktop, and mobile apps. For learning more about C#, check out our C# Series.
F# is a general-purpose functional programming language that supports both object-oriented and imperative programming approaches. It is a good choice for developing high-performing business software, data science, and machine learning applications.
Visual Basic is an easy-to-understand language with simple syntax. It supports object-oriented concepts and makes it easy to develop type-safe .NET apps. One of the biggest advantages of Visual Basic is the support for the quick development of Windows forms and UI-based applications.
Common Type System(CTS) describes all the types that .NET languages should support and Common Language Specification(CLS) defines the set of features that all .NET languages should support. This ensures interoperability between the languages.
What Can We Do With .NET?
With .NET, we can build different types of applications like web apps, cloud apps, mobile apps, desktop apps, games, IoT apps, etc. that can target different platforms.
Let’s take a look at some of the popular app types that we can build using .NET:
Cloud Apps – .NET is an excellent choice for building modern cloud apps that are fast and scalable. These apps can target any cloud platform. However, .NET and Visual Studio provide several integrations with Azure services that make it easy to develop cloud-native apps.
Web Apps – .NET is a great platform for building web apps, APIs, real-time apps, and microservices. ASP.NET extends .NET with additional tools and libraries required to develop web apps. On top of that, we can use Blazor to build interactive web UI with C#.
Mobile Apps – .NET Multi-platform App UI (MAUI) supports building cross-platform desktop and mobile apps that can target various operating systems like iOS, Android, macOS, Windows, etc.
Desktop Apps – For developing desktop apps, apart from the MAUI, we can use Blazor Hybrid or the Windows App SDK.
Games – For developing games, we can use Unity, which is a real-time 3D development platform for building games and simulations.
Machine Learning & AI – With .NET, it is very easy to build intelligent apps that can detect emotions and sentiments, recognize speech and vision, language understanding, search capability, etc. using services like ML.NET, Cognitive Services, etc.
Internet of Things (IoT) – .NET provides very good support for building IoT apps for devices and sensors like the Raspberry Pi, HummingBoard, etc.
.NET Application Models
Now let’s take a look at the .NET application models in detail:
.NET consists of a set of base libraries and various application models built on top of that, which we can leverage for building different types of applications.
At the core of .NET lies the infrastructure that consists of the runtime components, compilers, and languages. The base class libraries and common APIs sit on top of that, which comprises the .NET standard. On top of that, there are several application models and load sets that are specific to various application types.
For instance, if we want to build modern, fast, and scalable cloud applications, .NET provides a rich set of Azure SDKs and APIs. If we are looking to build web apps, ASP.NET Core and Blazor are excellent choices. On the other hand, .NET MAUI is a great platform for building both desktop and mobile apps. Xamarin is a great choice for native mobile app development whereas Unity is the go-to choice for game development. Similarly, .NET provides application models for developing IoT, AI/ML apps, etc.
Development Tools
A Visual Studio is a great tool for developing and debugging .NET applications. It is a fully-featured Integrated Development Environment(IDE) and is available for Windows and Mac. The community edition of Visual Studio is free while the professional and enterprise editions require a subscription and are targeted at small development teams and big enterprises respectively.
A Visual Studio Code is a free standalone source code editor that runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac. With a large number of extensions available, it can support just about any programming language.
The .NET Command Line Interface(CLI) comes with .NET SDK and we can use it to quickly create, build and run cross-platform apps. CLI works on Windows, Linux, and Mac.
Apart from these, there are other popular third-party tools that we can use for developing .NET applications like the JetBrains Rider, OmniSharp, etc.
The .NET Ecosystem & Community
We can extend the functionality of our .NET applications by using Microsoft and third-party packages. NuGet is a very popular package manager that is built specifically for .NET.
Being open-source, the .NET foundation manages the development and collaboration around the .NET ecosystem. Furthermore, the .NET source code is available on GitHub and a large number of developers and companies contribute to it.
Apart from that, .NET has a very active developer community on most of the popular online platforms. This means we would always get good help and support from the community on development-related queries and challenges.
Why Should We Choose .NET?
Let’s discuss why we should choose .NET over other development platforms:
Productive – .NET is a highly productive platform and we can use it to create high-quality applications very quickly. Modern programming language features like asynchronous programming, generics, Language Integrated Query(LINQ), etc. makes developers more productive. Adding to it, the extensive list of libraries and APIs and best-in-class development tools like Visual Studio, VS Code, etc., make it one of the most productive development platforms.
Cross-Platform– With .NET, we can build different types of applications that target different platforms. We can use the same set of skills and tools for developing different kinds of applications on different platforms which results in quicker development times and reduced costs.
Loved by Developers – The developer community around the world loves and appreciates the .NET platform as it is modern and open-source. It is consistently ranked as one of the most loved development frameworks in various developer surveys.
High Performing – .NET applications are very fast and provide quick responses and consume fewer resources. In popular performance benchmarks, .NET consistently outperforms other web development frameworks especially while performing resource-intensive tasks.
Trusted – Since .NET is backed by Microsoft – there is a good level of trust associated with it, especially on the security front. Microsoft takes security very seriously and releases patches as soon as new threats are discovered.
Support– There are a large number of .NET developers worldwide and a large number of libraries and packages are available for .NET. This makes it easy to solve our technical challenges very quickly. Being open-source, a large number of developers and companies support the .NET platform.
Limitations
So far we have discussed the major benefits of .NET. However, there are a few limitations as well:
Licensing costs– Even though .NET is open source, building apps are still expensive mostly due to licensing costs associated with Visual Studio and related Application Lifecycle Management(ALM) tools. On top of that, even though it works on Linux and Mac, the best platform for .NET development is still Windows which causes additional licensing costs.
Memory leaks– Developers frequently criticize .NET for memory leaks related issues. It has an inbuilt garbage collector to detect and solve these kinds of issues. However, many times developers have to spend additional effort to troubleshoot and fix these issues.
Limited Object-Relational support– .NET has its ORM system called the Entity Framework. However, It isn’t considered flexible enough to support all kinds of database designs.
Vendor lock-in – While some technologies like .NET Core(including .NET 5+), Xamarin, etc. are open sources, a major portion of the .NET ecosystem is still very much proprietary to Microsoft. This means that we might be locked with a specific vendor. Moreover, it will be difficult to switch to a different vendor in the future.
Unstable releases and limited documentation– Many times, new .NET versions were unstable during the initial phases. On top of that, it lacked proper documentation in many areas. This caused many difficulties for developers. Apart from that, the .NET to .NET Core transition was huge with many breaking changes and it was not feasible for many organizations to migrate their existing applications.
Conclusion
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Working with NuGet packages in FastReport
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https://www.fast-report.com/assets/favicon_en-54e9b0ca74a8331e21501967651bde7155887c6ae3d9543d86275f01c2b6992e.ico
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https://www.fast-report.com/assets/favicon_en-54e9b0ca74a8331e21501967651bde7155887c6ae3d9543d86275f01c2b6992e.ico
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[
""
] | null |
[
"Fast Reports Inc"
] |
2024-05-07T10:33:53+00:00
|
We talk about Nugget package management system for Microsoft development platforms with a detailed description of FastReport products: .NET, Core, Web.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon_en-54e9b0ca74a8331e21501967651bde7155887c6ae3d9543d86275f01c2b6992e.ico
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https://www.fast-report.com/blogs/nuget-packages-dotnet?amp
|
UPD: Applies to the versions of FastReport .NET before 2022.2. License packages are now available on our NuGet server.
NuGet is an open source package management system for Microsoft development platforms (formerly known as NuPack). NuGet is an extension (add-on) for easily adding, removing, and updating libraries and resources in Visual Studio projects based on the .NET Framework, .NET Core, and .NET. NuGet can be run from the command line or using scripts. It supports many programming languages, including packages for the .NET Framework and native packages written in C ++.
A NuGet package is a single ZIP file with a .nupkg extension. This package contains compiled code (DLL), associated files, and a descriptive manifest that includes details like the package’s version number. Developers who want to share their code create packages and publish them to a public or private server. Package consumers receive packages from suitable hosts, use them in their projects, and then call a package’s functionality in their project code. NuGet itself then handles all of the intermediate details.
FastReport products are currently represented by the following packages:
FastReport.Core (demo on nuget.org) - a package with the main logic of the program (obtaining the necessary data, rendering reports, exports, etc.). Some of the functionality from FastReport.NET is missing due to the cross-platform nature of the package. After installation, it is located in the ‘Nugets’ folder.
FastReport.Net (demo on nuget.org) - a package with the FastReport.dll library for .NET Framework 4.x, which is part of part of the ‘Pro’ and ‘Demo’ editions - for .NET Core 3.1, .NET 5 and .NET 6 exclusively for Windows (so-called FastReport.CoreWin). You can read more about this package in this article. After installation, it is located in the ‘Nugets/Windows’ folder.
FastReport.Web (demo on nuget.org) - a package for integrating FastReport into scripts for working with web applications (rendering a report in a browser, exporting and printing from a browser, working with Online Designer) for ASP.NET Core. Includes components for Blazor Server and is used only with FastReport.Core. After installation, it is located in the ‘Nugets’ folder.
FastReport.Core3.Web (demo on nuget.org) - the same principle as FastReport.Web, but compatible with FastReport.CoreWin, which is included in the FastReport.Net.Demo/ FastReport.Net.Pro package. After installation, it is located in the ‘Nugets/Windows’ folder.
FastReport.BusinessGraphics (demo on nuget.org) - package with the FastReport Business Graphics data visualization library.
FastReport.Localization (nuget.org) - package with a set of FastReport localizations. Add it to your project if you need German localization, for example.
FastReport.Compat and FastReport.DataVisualization - packages with basic logic (report compilation, MSChart support, etc.). You don't need to include them in your project, they are dependency packages.
FastReport.Data.* - packages with connector plugins for FastReport to work with various databases, the connectors of which are not included in the source library. These packages are “common” for different FastReport editions and are suitable for both FastReport .NET and FastReport.Core and FastReport.CoreWin. After installation, it is located in the ‘Nugets’ folder. Limitations: FastReport version 2021.4.0+ and NuGet Client 3.4.4+ are required.
○ FastReport.Data.ClickHouse
○ FastReport.Data.Couchbase
○ FastReport.Data.Firebird
○ FastReport.Data.Json
○ FastReport.Data.MongoDB
○ FastReport.Data.MsSql
○ FastReport.Data.MySql
○ FastReport.Data.OracleODPCore
○ FastReport.Data.Postgres
○ FastReport.Data.RavenDB
○ FastReport.Data.SQLite
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0
| 91
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https://kaylumah.nl/2024/08/06/fix-vscode-markdown-preview.html
|
en
|
Fixing VSCode Markdown preview with symbolic links!
|
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[] |
[] |
[
"vscode",
"markdown"
] | null |
[
"Max Hamulyák"
] |
2024-08-06T00:00:00
|
Render images from everywhere inside VSCode's markdown preview
|
en
|
/assets/images/favicon.ico
|
Max Hamulyák · Kaylumah
|
https://kaylumah.nl/2024/08/06/fix-vscode-markdown-preview.html
|
Many static website generators support writing blogs in Markdown. Jekyll and several other generators organize content, such as blog posts, and assets, like images and CSS files, into separate directories.
My favorite editor for writing Markdown is VSCode. While this separation is useful for organization, it can be somewhat cumbersome when editing and previewing Markdown.
To illustrate this point, letâs look at an example. A typical directory structure looks like this:
# generated with the command tree -L 2 . âââ _posts â  âââ hello-world.md âââ assets â  âââ logo.svg âââ index.html
Using the Markdown preview feature of VSCode that would look like this:
The issue
If youâre like me, your project contains many more files than the few shown in the example. In such cases, I prefer working inside the _posts folder. Unfortunately, as the screenshot below shows, this breaks the image preview functionality.
Instead of displaying my logo, the preview now shows a broken image icon. Technically, this behavior is correct because, relative to our âhello-world.mdâ post, there is no âassetsâ directory. You might think that changing the path to â../assets/â would solve the issue, since thatâs where the folder exists on disk. However, VSCode does not allow this due to security concerns. Even if it did work, it would create the issue that the preview would no longer function correctly when opened from the root directory.
The solution
To my knowledge, there is no built-in function in VSCode to address this issue. However, there is an operating system-level solution: using symbolic links.
We can create a symlink by running the following command inside the "_posts" directory
ln -s ../assets assets
From the filesystem perspective the "_posts" folder now has a subfolder called posts. If we now open it inside VSCode it renders the image correctly.
To consider
Personally, I believe its a nice workaround for an issue that irritated me. Before you leave I like to leave you with some final thoughts.
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||||
8582
|
dbpedia
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0
| 2
|
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/quickstart/install-and-use-a-package-in-visual-studio
|
en
|
Quickstart: Install and use a NuGet package in Visual Studio (Windows only)
|
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[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2023-08-21T08:00:00+00:00
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In this quickstart, you learn how to install and use a NuGet package in a Visual Studio project for Windows.
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en
|
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/quickstart/install-and-use-a-package-in-visual-studio
|
A NuGet package contains reusable code that other developers have made available to you for use in your projects. You can install a NuGet package in a Microsoft Visual Studio project by using the NuGet Package Manager, the Package Manager Console, or the .NET CLI. This article demonstrates how to create a Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) project with the popular Newtonsoft.Json package. The same process applies to any other .NET or .NET Core project.
After you install a NuGet package, you can then make a reference to it in your code with the using <namespace> statement, where <namespace> is the name of package you're using. After you've made a reference, you can then call the package through its API.
The article is for Windows users only. If you're using Visual Studio for Mac, see Install and use a package in Visual Studio for Mac.
Prerequisites
Install Visual Studio 2022 for Windows with the .NET desktop development workload.
You can install the 2022 Community edition for free from visualstudio.microsoft.com, or use the Professional or Enterprise edition.
Create a project
You can install a NuGet package into any .NET project if that package supports the same target framework as the project. However, for this quickstart you'll create a Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) Application project.
Follow these steps:
In Visual Studio, select File > New > Project.
In the Create a new project window, enter WPF in the search box and select C# and Windows in the dropdown lists. In the resulting list of project templates, select WPF Application, and then select Next.
In the Configure your new project window, optionally update the Project name and the Solution name, and then select Next.
In the Additional information window, select .NET 6.0 (or the latest version) for Framework, and then select Create.
Visual Studio creates the project, and it appears in Solution Explorer.
Add the Newtonsoft.Json NuGet package
To install a NuGet package in this quickstart, you can use either the NuGet Package Manager or the Package Manager Console. Depending on your project format, the installation of a NuGet package records the dependency in either your project file or a packages.config file. For more information, see Package consumption workflow.
NuGet Package Manager
To use the NuGet Package Manager to install the Newtonsoft.Json package in Visual Studio, follow these steps:
Select Project > Manage NuGet Packages.
In the NuGet Package Manager page, choose nuget.org as the Package source.
From the Browse tab, search for Newtonsoft.Json, select Newtonsoft.Json in the list, and then select Install.
If you're prompted to verify the installation, select OK.
Package Manager Console
Alternatively, to use the Package Manager Console in Visual Studio to install the Newtonsoft.Json package, follow these steps:
From Visual Studio, select Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Package Manager Console.
After the Package Manager Console pane opens, verify that the Default project drop-down list shows the project in which you want to install the package. If you have a single project in the solution, it's preselected.
At the console prompt, enter the command Install-Package Newtonsoft.Json. For more information about this command, see Install-Package.
The console window shows the output for the command. Errors typically indicate that the package isn't compatible with the project's target framework.
Use the Newtonsoft.Json API in the app
With the Newtonsoft.Json package in the project, call its JsonConvert.SerializeObject method to convert an object to a human-readable string:
From Solution Explorer, open MainWindow.xaml and replace the existing <Grid> element with the following code:
<Grid Background="White"> <StackPanel VerticalAlignment="Center"> <Button Click="Button_Click" Width="100px" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Content="Click Me" Margin="10"/> <TextBlock Name="TextBlock" HorizontalAlignment="Center" Text="TextBlock" Margin="10"/> </StackPanel> </Grid>
Open the MainWindow.xaml.cs file under the MainWindow.xaml node, and insert the following code inside the MainWindow class after the constructor:
public class Account { public string Name { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } public DateTime DOB { get; set; } } private void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { Account account = new Account { Name = "John Doe", Email = "john@microsoft.com", DOB = new DateTime(1980, 2, 20, 0, 0, 0, DateTimeKind.Utc), }; string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(account, Newtonsoft.Json.Formatting.Indented); TextBlock.Text = json; }
To avoid an error for the JsonConvert object in the code (a red squiggle line will appear), add the following statement at the beginning of the code file:
using Newtonsoft.Json;
To build and run the app, press F5 or select Debug > Start Debugging.
The following window appears:
Select the Click Me button to see the contents of the TextBlock object replaced with JSON text.
Related video
Install and Use a NuGet Package with Visual Studio
Find more NuGet videos on Channel 9 and YouTube.
See also
For more information about NuGet, see the following articles:
What is NuGet?
Package consumption workflow
Find and choose packages
Package references in project files
Install and use a package using the .NET CLI.
Newtonsoft.Json package
Next steps
Congratulations on installing and using your first NuGet package. Advance to the next article to learn more about installing and managing NuGet packages.
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1
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https://www.devexpress.com/
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en
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.NET UI Controls & Components for Developers of Mobile, Desktop, Web, BI Reporting Apps
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".net controls",
".net ui controls",
"web development",
"mobile development",
"reporting",
".net reporting",
"winforms",
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] | null |
[
"Developer Express Inc"
] | null |
DevExpress provides best-in-class UI controls, tools, and frameworks for WinForms, ASP.NET, MVC, Blazor, ASP.NET Core, WPF, VCL, Xamarin, and JavaScript developers.
|
en
|
/Content/Core/favicon.ico
|
https://www.devexpress.com/
|
DevExpress AI — Sneak Peek of New Smart Functions Coming Soon to Blazor, DevExtreme, WinForms, and WPF UI Components
I hope this post finds you well - as always, thank you for your continued support and commitment to DevExpress development tools. Should you have any questions about this post or if you'd like to discuss AI-related requirements with us, feel free…
Read the post
WPF — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
In this post, I'll outline WPF capabilities/features we expect to ship in our next major update (v24.2) including focus in the following areas: Accessibility, AI, and DateOnly & TimeOnly support.
Read the post
VCL — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
The following list outlines VCL UI component (Delphi & C++Builder) features/capabilities we expect to ship in December 2024. Before I detail our year-end VCL Roadmap...if you have not yet done so, please take a moment to review What's New in v24…
Read the post
WinForms — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
This blog post outlines some of our WinForms-related development plans for the second half of 2024 (v24.2). As you will read below, key focus areas will be .NET Core UX, AI, and Accessibility. The information contained within this blog post details our…
Read the post
Blazor — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
As always, thank you for your continued support and your interest in the DevExpress Blazor UI component suite. The following Year-End Roadmap (v24.2) documents what we expect to ship in December 2024 (including 10+ new components).
Read the post
XAF (Cross-Platform .NET App UI & Web API Service) — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
As always, thank you for choosing XAF . We appreciate your support. This blog post outlines some of our XAF-related development plans for the second half of 2024 (v24.2). Strategically, our goal is to focus on performance, overall stability/usability…
Read the post
DevExpress Reports — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
As always, thank you for your continued support and for choosing DevExpress Reports . We appreciate the faith and confidence you’ve placed in DevExpress Reports. Please take a moment to review the following year-end roadmap (v24.2) and share your thoughts…
Read the post
WinForms — Connect a .NET Desktop Client to a Secure Backend Web API Service (EF Core with OData)
Series Overview General Motivation As you may recall from an earlier post (Modern Desktop Apps And Their Complex Architectures), we want to help guide our loyal WinForms/WPF/VCL/.NET MAUI/XAF customers through new/tightened security requirements (and…
Read the post
.NET — About NuGet Package Audit and "False-Positive" Security Warnings
Over the last few years, the commitment to `information security` has evolved in a positive direction - more organizations taking a far more serious posture when it comes to system security and its associated risks. Software development processes are…
Read the post
DevExtreme — Year-End Roadmap v24.2 (Angular, React, Vue, jQuery & ASP.NET Core)
In this blog post, we'll look at major features we expect to ship with v24.2
Read the post
Office File API & Office-Inspired Desktop UI Controls — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
We thank you for your continued support and for sharing your document processing needs and requirements with us. If you’d like to discuss this roadmap in greater detail or share a business use case that our Office File API product does not address, feel…
Read the post
.NET MAUI — Year-End Roadmap (v24.2)
In this post, we'll share our release plans for .NET MAUI in the second half of 2024 (v24.2). If you have any questions about the features/capabilities mentioned in this roadmap, please leave a comment in the survey at the end of this blog.
Read the post
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| 52
|
https://blog.postsharp.net/singleton
|
en
|
The Singleton Pattern in C# Today Is Not Your Dad's One!
|
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[] |
[
"singleton in c#",
"singleton implementation c#",
"singleton design pattern c#",
"c# singleton pattern"
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-01T07:00:01+00:00
|
How to implement the Singleton pattern in C#? How to avoid its pitfalls by using dependency injection and architectural validation? Find out in this article.
|
en
|
/assets/images/icons/apple-icon-60x60.png
|
https://blog.postsharp.net/singleton
|
The Singleton pattern is one of the oldest, but its role and implementation in modern C# have evolved. This article presents two versions of Singleton in C#: the classic âGoFâ version and the modern, DI-friendly one. We briefly discuss techniques that ensure that the essence of Singleton classes is respected through the code base, i.e., that instances are not illegally created.
What is a Singleton in modern C#?
A Singleton is a class whose a single instance can exist in the application.
Itâs one of the original design patterns described in the 1994 Design Patterns book by the âGang of Fourâ.
Initially, the interpretation of the Singleton process was that a single instance could exist per process.
In modern C#, where dependency injection and unit testing are ubiquitous, the definition of a Singleton has evolved: it now means a class whose a single instance can exist in each application context, and each unit test typically has its own application context, but all share the same process.
When should you use the Singleton pattern?
The Singleton pattern feels so natural that you probably already use it without knowing itâs a pattern.
Ensuring that only a single object instance exists is essential in several cases:
When access to an external resource, such as a file, must be synchronized.
When shared data must be kept consistent.
To optimize access to a resource-intensive functionality, where a Singleton can significantly reduce memory and processing overhead.
As we will see in this article, the Singleton pattern has evolved. Nowadays, most application services managed by the dependency injection container are de facto singletons.
The classic Singleton pattern
The classic implementation of the Singleton pattern involves having a private constructor in the class, preventing it from being instantiated from outside and exposing a single instance through a static member.
A performance counter manager serves as an excellent example for the Singleton pattern, as its metrics must be consistently gathered across the entire application:
Here is the implementation of the Singleton pattern:
As you can see, this class has a private constructor that prevents it from being instantiated from outside and a static Instance property that holds the only class instance. Like any static initializer in .NET, it is guaranteed to be executed a single time before any other member of the type is accessed, ensuring a single instance of the type.
Since the single instance is shared across the whole application, you need to make the type thread-safe, as its public members can be accessed from any thread. In the example above, this is done using ConcurrentDictionary and a lock.
Reducing the Singleton boilerplate
Implementing the Singleton pattern requires some boilerplate code, which can be avoided by using either Roslyn source generators or Metalama, a more straightforward code generator for C#.
Regardless of the technique you choose, itâs good practice to mark singletons with a [Singleton] custom attribute. This practice makes it immediately apparent to anyone reading the code, Â without parsing the implementation details, that the class follows the Singleton pattern:
To check the implementation of the [Singleton] attribute, refer to this example in the Metalama documentation. It generates the same code as above and conveniently reports warnings if the type contains accessible constructors.
Is Singleton an anti-pattern?
The main problem with the classic Singleton pattern is that it tightly couples singleton consumers with singleton implementations. Tight coupling means you canât easily replace the singleton implementation with a different one or have multiple instances of the class.
This can be especially problematic when writing unit tests for two reasons:
You will certainly want to run your tests in parallel, so you must isolate them from each other. In this case, you will often need one instance of some singleton classes for each test. For instance, if I want to test the PerformanceCounterManager class, I will want each test method to have its own instance.
You might want your tests to use a specific implementation of the Singleton. For instance, we might want our PerformanceCounterManager to use AWS in production but an in-memory mock for unit tests.
The incompatibility of the classic Singleton pattern with the whole Dependency Injection paradigm is why Singleton is sometimes considered an anti-pattern, i.e., something to avoid.
These issues can be alleviated by having the Singleton class implement an interface and accessing it through the interface. Now, you are on your way toward the modern version of the Singleton pattern, which uses dependency injection.
The modern Singleton pattern
The modern Singleton pattern is an evolution of the classic pattern, allowing one instance of the Singleton class per context. In production, there is typically a single context for the whole application, which means thereâs only one instance of the Singleton class for the entire application. Each unit test, however, would have its own context, which means each test would have its own instance of the Singleton class. In modern .NET, the Singleton concept is built into the concept of a service container, also called a dependency injection (DI) container.
If youâre using the most common Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection DI framework, you typically add a singleton to an IServiceCollection using the AddSingleton extension method. Today, itâs hard to think of a case where you might want a Singleton but not use IServiceCollection.AddSingleton.
Therefore, todayâs Singletons are almost indistinguishable from other service classes (those managed by the DI framework) because most of these services are indeed singletons. They are regular classes, have a public constructor, can have dependencies, and usually implement an interface.
Here is a modern variation of the PerformanceCounterManager. The significant changes here are that the class is now abstracted by an IPerformanceCounterManager interface, has a public constructor that accepts a dependency to an abstracted IPerformanceCounterUploader, and does not have the landmark static Instance property.
The only thing that makes this class a Singleton is that we are using AddSingleton to register it into our DI container:
Since we are using AddSingleton, the DI container will create at most one class instance. And since a production application usually has only one DI container, the class will effectively be a Singleton.
This is different in tests, where each test commonly has its own DI container. This is precisely why we want to isolate the tests from each other.
And speaking of tests, you can now write all kinds of tests related to PerformanceCounterManager:
Unit tests for PerformanceCounterManager itself.
Unit tests for classes that generally use PerformanceCounterManager but use a mock implementation for testing.
Integration tests, where the PerformanceCounterManager is used as an actual implementation.
None of these are easy or even possible with the classic Singleton pattern.
Preventing illegal uses of a Singleton class
The modern DI-based approach seems to solve all the problems associated with the classic Singleton pattern.
However, it brings its own problems: because of the presence of a public constructor, nothing is stopping you (and your colleagues!) from creating multiple instances of the class. While that is very useful for testing, it can be downright wrong in production code.
How do we prevent the constructor from being used outside the Startup class or unit tests? No C# feature would allow you to do that. We need another way to express these constraints in the code and a tool to enforce them. A few solutions are available:
Roslyn analyzers tend to be excessively complex for this kind of verification unless youâre building a framework for thousands of developers.
Architectural unit tests verify your architecture from (almost) regular unit tests.
Metalama can validate your code against your architecture in real time.
Letâs dig into the last two options.
Architectural unit tests
Architectural unit testing aims to write unit tests that validate the architecture, running queries and assertions over the code model and failing if the constraints are unmet.
The leading project for architectural unit testing in .NET is ArchUnitNET.
To make this general, we first need to detect all modern Singletons in the code. As mentioned above, a practical idea is to mark them with a [Singleton] custom attribute. This attribute can have an empty implementation since it only works as a marker. The test would then look like this:
As is typical with ArchUnitNET, we first create an Architecture object, which includes all the assemblies to check. We then select all classes with the [Singleton] attribute and finally create a test that checks that none of the constructors of these classes are called.
If the constraint is violated, running the test will fail with a message like this:
Note that this test ensures that constructors of singletons are never called in your code, leaving the reflection-based DI code as the only place where these constructors are called. If you have a reason to call the constructor of a Singleton manually in your DI code, you can add an exception to the test:
The problem with most architectural unit testing frameworks is that they behave like unit tests rather than code linters. In case of a violation, you end up with a broken test, while developers usually prefer having a squiggle directly in their code. To achieve this development experience, you must either write your own Roslyn analyzer or use Metalama, which is much simpler.
Metalama Architecture Validation
The Metalama.Extensions.Architecture open-source package allows you to enforce architectural constraints both on-the-fly, in the IDE, and at build time. The library is quite flexible and offers several approaches. Here, weâll add the validation logic directly into the [Singleton] attribute. If youâve used Metalama aspects before, you may be familiar with the concept of an aspect, which often encapsulates code transformations. Another lesser-known feature of aspects is that they can perform code validation and report errors. This is what we are going to do here.
The [Singleton] aspect selects all constructors and calls the CanOnlyBeUsedFrom method, which produces a warning if the constructor is called from an unwanted part of the code.
When the Singleton is misused, you will get a familiar squiggle in your code:
If you build your code (whether in your IDE or from your CI), you will get this kind of warning.
And of course, double-clicking on the warning will get you straight to the offending line of code.
Conclusion
The Singleton pattern is one of the most classic and ubiquitous ones. With the adoption of unit testing and dependency injection, its implementation rules have widely evolved. Today, what defines a service as a singleton is the use of AddSingleton to add it to the DI container, ensuring that only one instance is created. However, this approach does not prevent multiple instances from being created since other parts of the code, unaware of the singleton nature of the service, may illegally use the public constructor. To address this issue, you can use architectural testing libraries or Metalama to enforce constraints on the Singleton class. Automatic code validation ensures that your Singleton class is used correctly and avoids potential issues in your codebase.
Â
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https://andrewlock.net/creating-source-only-nuget-packages/
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only NuGet packages
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2024-07-30T09:00:00
|
In this post I show how you can create a NuGet package that contains source code (instead of dlls) which is then compiled into the target project
|
en
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/apple-touch-icon.png?v=QEMBRv9w7P
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Andrew Lock | .NET Escapades
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https://andrewlock.net/creating-source-only-nuget-packages/
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In this post I describe how to create a source-only NuGet package. I discuss what source-only NuGet packages are, why you might want to create one, and how to build a project as a source-only package.
What are source-only NuGet packages?
NuGet packages are the standard packaging mechanism for .NET. NuGet packages typically contain one or more dlls, MSBuild-related files (_.props, .targets), as well as various other files. Each NuGet package is just a .zip file, with files stored in specific well-defined folders that the .NET CLI/Visual Studio/MSBuild use to build your app.
If you download a NuGet file you can easily "see" inside the file by renaming it from .nupkg to .zip and opening the file as you would a normal zip file. Alternatively, open the file using the excellent NuGet Package Explorer!
Source-only packages aren't an "official" thing. Rather they're a name sometimes used to describe NuGet packages that don't contain any pre-compiled dll dependencies, but rather include one or more source code files (typically .cs files) instead. Instead of depending on a dll, a project referencing the package includes the contained source code files when you build the project, directly compiling the source-only package into your own code.
Why might you want to create a source-only package?
In most cases, when you're referencing NuGet dependencies, you want a compiled binary. You don't want (or need) to be able to compile your dependencies. This is the standard use case for NuGet dependencies.
Similarly, by using pre-compiled dependencies, you can exchange data with other dependencies. For example, maybe your app and a logging library both reference System.Text.Json; that means your app and the library can easily communicate between each other using types that are defined in the System.Text.Json assembly. Without a shared, pre-compiled dependency, this would not really be possible.
One of the main use-cases for source-only packages is when you don't want that dependency. By design, NuGet/MsBuild only allows a single version of a dependency to be referenced in the complete package graph of your application. If multiple libraries in your app depend on different versions of a given dependency you can run into dependency resolution problems. Using a source-only package side-steps that by compiling a specific version of the dependency into each library.
A classic example of this was the LibLog package. In the days before Microsoft.Extensions.Logging and .NET Core, this was a way for libraries to write logs to whatever logging framework the app used but without taking any hard dependencies on logging frameworks. The design as a source only package meant you could avoid any versioning issues.
Another, more recent, example of where source-only packages shine is for "lighting up" new C# features. Many features in recent versions of C# require specific C# types for the feature to work, which are only present in "recent" versions of C#.
Some concrete examples of this are the nullability attributes like [NotNull] and [NotNullWhen] which are used as part of the nullable reference type feature introduced in C# 8.0. These attributes are only available in .NET Core 3.0+, so you might think you can't use them if you're targeting a .NET Standard 2.0 library, but that's not the case…
All the compiler cares about is that the [NotNull] attribute exists, has the correct shape, and is in the System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis namespace. The compiler specifically doesn't care which assembly the attribute can be found in. That means you can define your own version of [NotNull] in your netstandard2.0 assembly, use it just as you would the "real" version, and the compiler will happily use it with the nullable reference type feature!
There are a huge number of C# features that can be "lit-up" like this in down-version target frameworks. As long as the version of the compiler (i.e. the .NET SDK) supports the C# version, you can often just add some extra attributes to your library to enable the features.
Note that this isn't always the case; if the C# feature requires runtime support (for example default interface methods), then there's no way of using it in down-version target frameworks.
All of this means that source-only packages are a great way to easily add these C# compiler attributes to earlier target frameworks. These packages conditionally define the attributes for earlier target frameworks:
Polyfill—My personal favourite, provides conditional attributes for a vast number of C# features! See the GitHub project for the latest list.
IsExternalInit—Adds init and record support to < .NET 5.
Nullable—Adds support for nullable reference types to < .NET Core 3.0.
IndexRange—Adds support for the C# Index and Range features in < .NET Core 3.0.
When you add one of these packages to your app, a bunch of additional C# files are added to your application and included in the compilation, lighting up all the additional C# features.
We've covered some of the reasons why you might want a source-only package, so for the rest of the post we'll look at how you can create your own.
Creating a source-only NuGet package
For this example I'm going to create an incredibly simple library which exposes a single method, SayHello(). I'll then package it as a source-only NuGet package and show it in action.
Creating the basic library
We're going to create a very simple library called SourceOnlyExample (original, I know). First we create a basic library project:
mkdir SourceOnlyExample cd SourceOnlyExample dotnet new classlib
Next we replace the initial Class1 class with the following:
namespace Helpers { internal class Class1 { public static void SayHello() => global::System.Console.WriteLine("Hello!"); } }
There's a couple of things to note about this:
I'm generally not using recent C# features. For maximum compatibility with early .NET SDK versions, I'm not using file-scoped namespaces for example. How far you want (or need) to go with this largely depends on which versions of the compiler you want to support, rather than which target frameworks you want to support.
I'm using the full type names for built-in types, including the global:: namespace alias, to avoid any potential ambiguity. You can read more about namespace aliases in my previous post.
Finally, I've disabled "implicit global usings" in the .csproj file:
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework> <ImplicitUsings>disable</ImplicitUsings> <Nullable>enable</Nullable> </PropertyGroup> </Project>
Disabling implicit usings is a good idea in source-only packages. You don't know whether the target application will have this feature enabled, and if it doesn't and your .cs files rely on them, the target project will get type resolution errors.
At this point, if we pack this project into a NuGet file (by running dotnet pack) we'll get a "standard" NuGet package containing a SourceOnlyExample.dll file. In the next step we'll add a .nuspec file and create our source-only package.
A minimal nuspec to create a source-only package
The .nuspec file format is the historical way of defining how a project should be packaged as a NuGet package using the NuGet.exe tool. With the advent of the .NET CLI and the new SDK-style csproj files, they have largely become obsolete, but there's some situations in which you may need to fall back to them: source-only packages is one such case.
The nuspec file is an XML file in which you declare all the metadata for your NuGet package, as well as define the contents of the package. The following annotated nuspec file includes various basic metadata values,
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2010/07/nuspec.xsd"> <metadata> <id>SourceOnlyExample</id> <version>1.0.0</version> <developmentDependency>true</developmentDependency> <authors>Andrew Lock</authors> <license type="expression">MIT</license> <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance> <projectUrl>https://andrewlock.net/creating-source-only-nuget-packages/</projectUrl> <description>An example source-code only package</description> <tags>source compiletime</tags> </metadata> <files> <file src="*.cs" target="contentFiles/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample/"/> </files> </package>
The <metadata> node is relatively self explanatory and specifies a whole load of values used by nuget.org and Visual Studio etc to show a description of your package. The really important node is <files> which defines what should be packed into the NuGet package.
The <file> node shown above ensures that all the .cs files in the root folder are packaged under the contentFiles/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample path. Let's break down that path:
contentFiles—any files which should be included in the target project
cs—indicates the files should only be included in C# projects
netstandard2.0—any project which targets netstandard2.0+ will get the files
SourceOnlyExample—the files will be nested in the target folder under a folder called SourceOnlyExample. This isn't necessary but is common, and avoids conflicts between multiple NuGet packages.
Note that the target for the files includes the netstandard2.0 path, but if you multi-target your project (using <TargetFrameworks>net461;netstandard2.0</TargetFrameworks> for example) you could include multiple <file> elements and include different files for each each if you wish, something like this:
<files> <file src="*.net461.cs" target="contentFiles/cs/net461/SourceOnlyExample/"/> <file src="*.netstandard.cs" target="contentFiles/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample/"/> </files>
With the nuspec created, we'll update the csproj file to reference it:
<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> <PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netstandard2.0</TargetFramework> <ImplicitUsings>disable</ImplicitUsings> <Nullable>disable</Nullable> <NuSpecFile>SourceOnlyExample.nuspec</NuSpecFile> </PropertyGroup> </Project>
After this change we can call dotnet pack on the project:
> dotnet pack MSBuild version 17.9.8+b34f75857 for .NET Determining projects to restore... All projects are up-to-date for restore. SourceOnlyExample -> C:\repos\temp\temp47\SourceOnlyExample\bin\Release\netstandard2.0\SourceOnlyExample.dll Successfully created package 'C:\repos\temp\temp47\SourceOnlyExample\bin\Release\SourceOnlyExample.1.0.0.nupkg'.
And there we have it, our first source-only package! If we open the package in NuGet Package Explorer then we can see, sure enough, package contains only our .cs file:
What's more, if we add this NuGet package to a test project, we can see the Class1.cs file listed in the solution explorer:
And we can use the SayHello() method in our app!
Helpers.Class1.SayHello();
This may be as much as you need to do, but I'll show a couple of tweaks you can make to improve your source-only package.
Hiding the files in Visual Studio
In the previous screenshot I showed that the .cs files in the SourceOnlyExample package show up in Visual Studio's Solution Explorer. You typically don't want that behaviour as it adds noise, so it's a common practice to hide these files by default.
To hide the files you need to customise the MSBuild properties associated with the added files. You can do this by creating a props file with the same name as your NuGet package, SourceOnlyExample.props in my case, with the following content:
<Project> <ItemGroup> <Compile Update="@(Compile)"> <Visible Condition="'%(NuGetItemType)' == 'Compile' and '%(NuGetPackageId)' == 'SourceOnlyExample'">false</Visible> </Compile> </ItemGroup> </Project>
You then need to package this file inside the build folder of the NuGet package. Update your nuspec files as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2010/07/nuspec.xsd"> <metadata> <id>SourceOnlyExample</id> <version>1.0.0</version> <developmentDependency>true</developmentDependency> <authors>Andrew Lock</authors> <license type="expression">MIT</license> <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance> <projectUrl>https://andrewlock.net/creating-source-only-nuget-packages/</projectUrl> <description>An example source-code only package</description> <tags>source compiletime</tags> </metadata> <files> <file src="*.cs" target="contentFiles/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample/"/> <file src="SourceOnlyExample.props" target="build/SourceOnlyExample.props" /> </files> </package>
Now after you create the NuGet package and add it an application the .cs files are hidden from Solution Explorer, but you can see that they're still included in the application (because the app still compiles).
If you're only building modern .NET apps, then that should be pretty much all you need to be able to create source-only packages. Unfortunately, not everyone is that lucky.
Supporting packages.config as well as PackageReference
The contentfiles folder is used by projects using <PackageReference> to manage their NuGet dependencies. However the legacy approach, using a packages.config file requires that the files are included in a different folder: content. If you want your source-only package to support both approaches, you'll need to include both in your nusepc file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/packaging/2010/07/nuspec.xsd"> <metadata> <id>SourceOnlyExample</id> <version>1.0.0</version> <developmentDependency>true</developmentDependency> <authors>Andrew Lock</authors> <license type="expression">MIT</license> <requireLicenseAcceptance>false</requireLicenseAcceptance> <projectUrl>https://andrewlock.net/creating-source-only-nuget-packages/</projectUrl> <description>An example source-code only package</description> <tags>source compiletime</tags> </metadata> <files> <file src="*.cs" target="contentFiles/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample/"/> <file src="*.cs" target="content/cs/netstandard2.0/SourceOnlyExample/"/> <file src="SourceOnlyExample.props" target="build/SourceOnlyExample.props" /> </files> </package>
With this change your source-only package will have much wider support!
Before you upload your package to nuget.org you may want to make a few improvements to aid users of your package like adding a README or embedding an icon file, but functionality wise, your package is ready!
Summary
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https://ironpdf.com/blog/net-help/what-is-nuget/
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en
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What is NuGet (How It Works For Developers Tutorial)
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2022-10-31T00:00:00+07:00
|
In simpler words, a NuGet package is just like a zip file with the extension .nupkg. It contains all the DLL's as well as a descriptive manifest containing information such as the package's version number.
|
en
|
/img/favicon/iron-software-favicon.png
|
https://ironpdf.com/blog/net-help/what-is-nuget/
|
A system that allows developers to write, exchange, and use functional code is a crucial component of any modern development platform. This functional code is bundled in "packages" that also include other materials required by the projects that use them, such as compiled code (in the form of DLLs).
The Microsoft-supported method of code sharing for .NET (including .NET Core) is NuGet. NuGet enables the production, hosting, and retrieval of packages for .NET Frameworks. Software packages that NuGet manages are called NuGet packages.
What is NuGet? NuGet package is just a zip file with the extension .nupkg. it contains all the DLLs required to make the software function. It also contains a descriptive manifest that the package's version number, among other things. Developers just need to install the NuGet package, and they can use the methods provided by that package.
NuGet Features
NuGet adds private hosting support to the central nuget.org repository.
NuGet provides the tools that developers need to create, publish, and install packages.
NuGet keeps track of the packages used in a project and allows you to restore and update those packages from that list.
NuGet keeps track of all the specifications pertaining to how packages are structured, such as localization and how they are referenced.
NuGet provides numerous APIs for programmatically interacting with all of its services, as well as support for developers who publish Visual Studio extensions.
NuGet includes a package cache and a global folder for packages to make installation and reinstallation easier. If a package is already present on the local machine, the cache will not download it from the central repository, and will instead serve the package from the cache.
How NuGet Package works?
NuGet, as a public host, maintains a central repository of over 100,000 unique packages. Every day, millions of .NET/.NET Core developers use these packages. NuGet also lets you host packages privately in the cloud (for example, on Azure DevOps), on a private network, or even on your local file system. As a result, those packages are only available to developers who have access to the host, allowing you to make packages available to a specific group of consumers.
A host, whatever its nature, serves as the link between package creators and package consumers. Creators develop useful NuGet packages and distribute them to a host. Consumers then search accessible hosts for useful and compatible packages, downloading and including those packages in their projects. Once installed in a project, the API's of the packages are accessible to the rest of the project code.
There are six tools which are used to manage NuGet Packages.
.NET CLI
It is a command line Interface (CLI) for .NET Core and .NET Standard libraries, as well as for SDK-style projects targeting the .NET Framework (see SDK attribute). Certain NuGet CLI capabilities are available directly within the .NET Core tool chain. The .NET CLI, like the nuget.exe CLI, does not interact with Visual Studio projects.
NuGet.exe CLI
It is a CLI for .NET Framework libraries and non-SDK-style projects aiming at .NET Standard libraries. It provides all the capabilities of the .NET CLI, with some commands only applicable to package creators and other commands only to consumers. Package creators, for example, use the NuGet pack command to generate a package from various assemblies and related files. Package users use NuGet install to include packages in a project folder. Both package developers and package users uses NuGet config to set NuGet configuration variables.
The NuGet CLI does not interact with Visual Studio projects because it is a platform-agnostic tool.
Package Manager Console
The Package Manager Console provides PowerShell commands for installing and managing packages within Visual Studio projects.
Package Manager UI
The Package Manager UI provides a user-friendly interface for installing and managing packages for projects within Visual Studio.
Manage NuGet Package Manager UI
This tool also provides a user-friendly interface for installing and managing packages in for projects in Visual Studio. This tool is available only for Mac users.
MSBuild
MSBuild allows users to create and restore packages used in a project directly from the MSBuild tool chain.
Package Manager UI and Package Manager Console are most widely used tools for managing NuGet packages. We will now explore how they are used.
Use of the NuGet Package Manager UI
In Visual Studio, click on on Tools from the Top Menu Bar and select NuGet Package Manager > Manage NuGet package for Solutions.
A new window will appear as shown below.
In the Installed tab, all the NuGet packages that are already installed will appear here.
Click on the Browse Button and write the name of a package in the Search Bar. We will search for IronBarcode as an example.
Click on the Install Button, the library will be installed and made ready for use.
IronBarcode is a library developed and maintained by Iron Software that helps C# Software Engineers read and write Barcodes and QR Codes in .NET applications.
Core features include:
Read single or multiple Barcodes and QR Codes from images or PDFs.
Image correction for skewing, orientation, noise, low resolution, contrast, etc.
Create barcodes and apply to images or PDF documents.
Embed barcodes into HTML documents.
Style Barcodes and add annotation text.
QR Code Writing allows adding of logos, colors, and advanced QR alignment.
Learn more about IronBarcode from the product documentation page.
Use of the Package Manager Console
In Visual Studio, click on Tools from the Top Menu Bar and select NuGet Package Manager => Package Manager console.
The Package Manager Console window will appear as shown below.
Let's install a package using the Package Manager Console.
The Install-Package 'package-Name' command is used to install the package. For Instance:
Install-Package IronPdf
IronOCR is a C# software library that allows .NET software developers to detect and read text from images and PDF documents. It uses the most advanced Tesseract engine known anywhere. IronOCR shines above all other OCR libraries when working with real world images riddled with imperfections (i.e. digital noise, low-quality resolutions, etc.) It supports multiple programming languages.
Read more technical documentation about IronOCR from the product website.
Some Useful NuGet Packages
This section will describe some useful NuGet Packages available for working with databases and files.
Entity Framework
Entity Framework is the most common and powerful NuGet Package available for working with databases in .NET applications.
It is a Microsoft-supported open-source ORM framework that allows developers to work with data using domain-specific objects rather than using the underlying database tables and columns where the data is stored. When working with data, developers can work at a higher level of abstraction. This allows them to create and maintain data-oriented applications with less code than traditional applications.
There are separate NuGet packages available for managing SQL server, Oracle, MySQL, and PostgreSQL database servers.
The Getting-Started page provides more information about Entity Framework's capabilities.
IronPDF
IronPDF solves the difficult problem of adding PDF processing capabilities to apps. IronPDF automates the conversion of formatted documents to PDF, and also allows develoeprs to to create, edit, and export PDF documents.
The main features of IronPDF include:
Convert web forms, local HTML pages, and other web pages to PDF with .NET.
Allow users to download documents, send them by email, or store them in the cloud.
Produce invoices, quotes, reports, contracts, and other documents.
Work with ASP .NET, ASP .NET Core, web forms, MVC, Web API's on .NET Framework, and .NET Core.
Read more about IronPDF on its product documentation page.
IronXL
IronXL helps C# Software Engineers read, create, and edit spreadsheet files in .NET applications. IronXL works well without the use of Office Excel Interop, and does not require additional dependencies or the need to install Microsoft Office.
You can learn more about IronXL from here.
Iron Software provides all five libraries (IronPDF, IronXL, IronBarcode, IronWebscraper, and IronOCR) in a single .NET Suite. You can get all five libraries for the price of two on purchasing the complete suite. All purchases include lifetime product support.
Summary
NuGet is the package manager for .NET applications. The NuGet client tools provide the ability to create, share, and retrieve packages. The NuGet Gallery is the central package repository used by all package authors and consumers.
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0
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https://help.developer.intuit.com/s/topic/0TO0f0000004rpQGAQ/c-code
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en
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Intuit Developer Support
|
https://help.developer.intuit.com/sfsites/c/file-asset/favicon31?v=1
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https://help.developer.intuit.com/sfsites/c/file-asset/favicon31?v=1
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8582
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dbpedia
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2
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64365497/can-i-use-libraries-written-in-a-different-language-than-my-program
|
en
|
Can I use libraries written in a different language than my program?
|
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2020-10-15T05:41:46
|
I'm learning .NET framework and basically I'm trying to make a desktop application that converts YouTube URLs into mp3 format. I did some research and found that my best bet would be to use the FFm...
|
en
|
https://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/Img/favicon.ico?v=ec617d715196
|
Stack Overflow
|
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64365497/can-i-use-libraries-written-in-a-different-language-than-my-program
|
TL;DR: Yes, or no, it depends on the type of library. I would suggest you go to nuget.org and check out the available packages that have already done all the legwork for you.
A full answer is probably about a books worth so let me boil down to something more managable and at least things I know. Also, emphasis on things I know.
Let's avoid focusing on C#, and instead focus on .NET, as this answer, nor the ways I will write about, are in any way specific to C#, instead they're specific to .NET.
You can, in general, reference two types of external libraries from a .NET assembly:
Other .NET Assemblies
Windows DLLs (more about Linux a bit later)
Referencing other .NET assemblies will use the same technology in the final assembly, a reference to it, but to get there you have several options:
You can create a sibling .NET project in your same solution file, and make a project reference
You can add a dependency on a Nuget package
You can add a direct reference to an assembly file you have on disk
These 3 options will all end up embedding a reference to the assembly in question. This will be just normal .NET code you reference so nothing magical happens here. You've almost certainly already done so.
Now, for Windows DLLs, that is, .dll files that aren't .NET assemblies, you need to do something else.
You need to use P/Invoke, which is basically the name for how to reference such DLLs and their functions.
To use this, you would need to declare an extern method with the [DllImport(...)] attribute, as well as careful use of the right parameter types and so on. Here's an example from PInvoke.net:
[DllImport("gdi32.dll")] static extern bool ArcTo(IntPtr hdc, int nLeftRect, int nTopRect, int nRightRect, int nBottomRect, int nXRadial1, int nYRadial1, int nXRadial2, int nYRadial2);
Writing extern methods properly requires careful attention to the data types involved. Unless this is your only option left, I would suggest you try the nuget path instead.
Now, ffmpeg is neither a .NET assembly nor a Windows DLL (to my knowledge), so neither of these two options are available. If the library is available in a library suitable for linking to a C++ program, then what you have to do is write a Interop Assembly, basically create .NET classes in C++ that bridge the gap over to the ffmpeg library you want to use. Since C++.NET projects can both link to such libraries and also produce a .NET assembly, this can be done, but again careful attention to involved types needs to be done.
I would assume someone has already done this job and scouring nuget.org turned up these nuget packages:
FFmpeg.Native
FFmpeg.Win10
and about 160 other packages with ffmpeg in their names
My suggestion would be to go check out these nuget packages. Since ffmpeg contains several different libraries with different purposes, you would need to find one that gives access to the library you're interested in.
Finally, if you're using .NET Core, and need to do this thing on Linux, you would need to do the same thing as for Windows DLLs above, except that .NET Core on Linux can add similar types of references to .so files. However, everything about interop assemblies written above is still valid if the library you want to link to is not a stand alone library but suitable for linking.
Also note that creating one assembly that work on both Windows and Linux is also a difficult task.
The last option is that you can shell out to the ffmpeg command line applications. You would have to store the data you want to process as files on disk, then carefully construct all the parameters to the command line program, call it in such a way that you both capture the output from the program as well as hide it so that the user doesn't see a console window, and finally read back the processed output from the final files.
This is a simple way if you either can't find the right nuget package and don't want to spend time investigating how to get p/invoke or interop assemblies right, but may be finicky in the sense that you're really starting a separate program and waiting for it to complete, and you may have to parse textual output to figure out what happened during execution, such as whether it succeeded or failed.
|
||||
8582
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dbpedia
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3
| 46
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https://www.acumatica.com/blog/nuget-feeds-for-acumatica-libraries/
|
en
|
Setting Up a NuGet Feed for Acumatica Libraries
|
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""
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[
"Tony Lanzer"
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2022-06-23T00:00:00
|
A guide through the process of setting up a NuGet feed for Acumatica libraries to simplify the referencing of common code in customizations.
|
en
|
/favicon.ico?v=1
|
Acumatica Cloud ERP
|
https://www.acumatica.com/blog/nuget-feeds-for-acumatica-libraries/
|
Introduction
Seasoned developers are probably aware of the benefits of using a package manager tool for installation and updates of packaged reference files and libraries. Such packages contain reusable code that are published to a central repository for consuming by other programs. The advantages to using such a tool is to maintain any common code in a common location, rather than needing to copy the individual files around and maintain their versions separately and manually. There are many public package managers available for different languages, frameworks, and platforms; such as the popular NuGet, npm, Bower, and yarn. This article focuses on the usage of NuGet because it is the standard package manager for Microsoft.NET – the platform used for Acumatica and its customizations.
Since I began developing customizations in Acumatica five years ago, and also coming from a deep .NET and client/server full-stack background, I’ve always wanted the Acumatica common libraries to be available as a package and have wondered why such packages weren’t already readily available. I have long wanted to fill this void myself in order to simplify the referencing of these libraries for our own custom code extension libraries. I recently was able to set this up for our company, Aktion Associates (an Acumatica VAR and Gold Certified Partner), and I’d like to share with you how this can be accomplished.
What is NuGet?
Stepping back for a moment, NuGet is a .NET package manager that’s integrated with Visual Studio.NET – the Microsoft development environment integrated and recommended for use to author code extensions for Acumatica customizations. NuGet is used to create and share reusable packages from a designated public or private host. https://www.nuget.org/ is the main NuGet Gallery repository to which public packages can be published, and from which .NET projects can consume. Popular packages such as Json.NET – a JSON parser and serializer – can be found here, as well as Microsoft.NET framework packages, and many others. Instead of searching the web for an installation program or the specific download file you need for a third-party library, NuGet can be used to retrieve and install the appropriate package of files and the version required simply by selecting it from its public host. NuGet can also be used for packages hosted privately for use internally for yourself or your company. Since Acumatica libraries are not available publicly via nuget.org, this article explains setting up these common libraries as private packages for use in your own customization projects.
There are many more guidelines for using and configuring NuGet that can be found within its documentation found at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget than what is described here.
Using NuGet with Acumatica
To reference a NuGet package in your own customization extended library’s Visual Studio project, open your project in Visual Studio, right-click on the project’s References node in the Solution Explorer, and select the Manage NuGet Packages context menu option. This will open a window like the image in Figure 1, which displays NuGet packages already installed, and those available for install. If you Browse for “Newtonsoft.Json”, for example, from nuget.org, it should display that package in the results. When you select a package, you can then choose a specific version available from the specified package host and install it. That package will then show under your project references and its files can be referenced within your extended code. See Figure 2 for an example of referencing the Json.NET library in a C# Visual Studio project after installing it via NuGet.
Figure 1: NuGet Package Manager in Visual Studio
Figure 2: Referencing Json.NET after installing as a reference
The advantage to referencing libraries via NuGet like this is the simplicity, and allowing it to manage libraries and their versions without needing to do so manually. To then install a newer version of the library, you open the NuGet Package Manager again in Visual Studio from Figure 1, change the version to another available version, and Update. This is how I’d like Acumatica common library references to behave, and which is now possible with the solution outlined below.
Creating a NuGet Package
The first step is to create a NuGet package containing common Acumatica libraries. These common libraries are the most often used when writing a code extension in an external library. They include the following:
PX.Common.dll
PX.Common.Std.dll
PX.CS.Contracts.dll
PX.Data.dll
PX.Objects.dll
I also like to include PX.Data.BQL.Fluent.dll because I prefer using Fluent BQL syntax within code.
The Package Manifest
A NuGet package manifest is created by defining the contents in a .nuspec XML file. The schema for a .nuspec file can be found within its documentation at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/reference/nuspec. The following XML shows an example of the contents of a .nuspec file (e.g. Acumatica.nuspec) for the Acumatica libraries mentioned above.
(Acumatica.nuspec contents)
GIST: https://gist.github.com/tlanzer-aktion/e76f8bc275cc3415344a1183666e59b5
Within this XML, the package is supplied a name (<id>) and a version (<version>), the files to reference in the destination Visual Studio project (<references>), and the source files to include in the package (<files>). Notice in this example that I’m naming the package Acumatica.PX.Main, and I’m including Acumatica build version 22.100.178 of its libraries.
Creating the Package
The next step is to create the package from the .nuspec package manifest. You can download nuget.exe from https://www.nuget.org/downloads, which is a command-line program used to create a NuGet package from a NuGet manifest. On the command line, the syntax to create the example package using nuget.exe is:
nuget pack Acumatica.nuspec -NoPackageAnalysis
This syntax assumes that both nuget.exe and Acumatica.nuspec is accessible within the current path, so if not, the path for one or both should be specified. The resulting package created from the example should be Acumatica.PX.Main.22.100.178.nupkg.
Additional Package Versions
Now that we have one build version of Acumatica’s common libraries packaged, you can continue creating additional versions as needed or as they are released by Acumatica. To create a new package for the following build version – 22.101.85 – you can repeat the instructions above but replace the version number and include that version of the libraries. You should then end up with a new package named Acumatica.PX.Main.22.101.85.nupkg, and so on.
Setting Up a NuGet Feed
To make a package available for project reference, it needs to be published to a NuGet feed. Since the package is meant for your own consumption, you’ll want to create a private feed for yourself or your organization. A private feed can be a local file share or server, or a remote private hosting service like Azure Artifacts or GitHub Package Registry. At Aktion Associates we use Azure DevOps as our source control repository, so we use Azure Artifacts as our feed host, and this will also be used for examples in this article.
Creating the Feed
To create a NuGet Feed in Azure Artifacts, open the Azure DevOps project in which you want to create a feed and choose Create Feed on the main Artifacts page. The dialog shown in Figure 3 should open. After naming and configuring the feed according to the visibility and scope of your needs, create the feed.
Figure 3: Create New Feed dialog
Publishing to the Feed
Now that you have both a NuGet package and a NuGet feed set up, you can publish the package to the feed. On the main Azure Artifacts page, choose Connect to Feed, then select NuGet.exe as the connection type, and copy the new feed URL shown. Then, on the command line, the syntax to publish the example package using nuget.exe is:
nuget push -Source <feed url> -ApiKey <any string> Acumatica.PX.Main.22.100.178.nupkg
This syntax assumes that both nuget.exe and Acumatica.PX.Main.22.100.178.nupkg is accessible within the current path, so if not, the path for one or both should be specified. The specified package should now be published to the feed and be accessible for referencing according to the configuration of your feed. Figure 4 shows an example private feed and package inside Azure Artifacts after creation and publishing.
Figure 4: Feed created in Azure Artifacts
Using Your NuGet Feed
After publishing your packages to your NuGet feed, you should be able to then reference the package and version from your feed inside your Visual Studio project as described in Using NuGet with Acumatica. In the NuGet Package Manager, add your new package source (i.e. the NuGet feed you created) from the Options dialog opened from the gear icon next to the Package source dropdown. After adding the feed, the published package should display in the list of available packages. Select the package in the list, and then the different published versions should be available in the Version dropdown to choose for installation or update. See Figure 5 for an example of what the Package Manager shows after selecting the package (e.g. Acumatica.PX.Main) in your new NuGet feed.
Figure 5: Selecting a NuGet package and version
Once you choose a package and appropriate version, installing or updating it creates reference to that package’s library versions in your Visual Studio project. See Figure 6 for an example of a C# Visual Studio project after installing the Acumatica.PX.Main NuGet package from a NuGet feed.
Figure 6: Visual Studio project after package installation
Other Acumatica Libraries
You can take this solution further and create additional NuGet packages for other commonly used Acumatica libraries like PX.Api, PX.Caching, PX.Web, etc. and repeat the steps mentioned above for these. Once those packages are created and published to your feed, you will also be able to reference these in the same manner.
Your Own Packages
If you have your own custom code extensions or common libraries that are generic enough for sharing across Acumatica modules, customization projects, or even instances; this solution is also a great option for reusing your own Acumatica custom extended libraries by creating NuGet packages for them. For example, Aktion has our own API custom library which adapts the existing Acumatica API to our own best practices for integration and communication, and we share it across projects via our own private feed.
Summary
I hope you find this solution for setting up a NuGet feed for Acumatica library packages useful, and I’d love to hear from you and how you’ve put it into use or adapted it for your own needs. It does require a bit of maintenance to keep package versions updated in your feed, but the efficiency gained by easily referencing and consuming an appropriate library version for your customizations and upgrade needs is substantial and valuable.
Happy Coding!
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https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/net/
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What is .Net?
|
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Find out what is .Net and how to use Amazon Web Services for .Net
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en
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https://a0.awsstatic.com/libra-css/images/site/fav/favicon.ico
|
Amazon Web Services, Inc.
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https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/net/
|
.NET is an open-source platform for building desktop, web, and mobile applications that can run natively on any operating system. The .NET system includes tools, libraries, and languages that support modern, scalable, and high-performance software development. An active developer community maintains and supports the .NET platform.
In simple terms, the .NET platform is a software that can do these tasks:
Translate .NET programming language code into instructions that a computing device can process.
Provide utilities for efficient software development. For example, it can find the current time or print text on the screen.
Define a set of data types to store information like text, numbers, and dates on the computer.
Various implementations of .NET allow .NET code to execute on different operating systems like Linux, macOS, Windows, iOS, Android, and many others.
.NET Framework
.NET Framework is the original .NET implementation. It supports running websites, services, desktop apps, and more on Windows. Microsoft released .NET Framework in the early 1990s.
.NET Core
Microsoft launched .NET Core in late 2014 to enable cross-platform support for .NET developers. The company released the newest version of the .NET Core, .NET 5.0, in November 2020 and renamed it .NET. The term .NET in this article refers to .NET 5.0. .NET Core is open-source on GitHub.
.NET Standard
.NET Standard is a formal specification of different functions (called APIs). Different .NET implementations can reuse the same code and libraries. Each implementation uses both .NET standard APIs and unique APIs specific to the operating systems it runs on.
Ease of development
Developers like to use .NET because it includes many tools that make their work easier. For example, using the Visual Studio suite, developers can write code faster, collaborate efficiently, and test and fix their code efficiently. The ability to reuse code between implementations reduces the cost of development.
High-performing applications
.NET applications provide faster response times and require less computing power. They have strong built in security measures and efficiently perform server-side tasks like database access.
Community support
.NET is open source, which means that anyone can get access to use, read, and modify it freely. An active community of developers maintains and improves the .NET software. The .NET Foundation is an independent nonprofit organization established to support the .NET community. It provides learning resources, open-source .NET projects, and various events for .NET developers.
C# (pronounced C sharp), F# (pronounced F sharp), and Visual Basic are the three Microsoft-supported languages for NET development. Different companies and developers have also created other languages that work with the .NET platform.
C#
C# is a simple, modern, and object-oriented programming language. With syntax similar to the C family of languages, C# is familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers.
F#
F# has lightweight syntax and requires very little code to build software. It is an open-source language that makes it easy to write succinct, robust, and high-performing code. It also has a powerful programming rules system and a convenient standard library for building mission-critical, correct, fast, and reliable software.
Visual Basic
Visual Basic is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft. Using Visual Basic makes it fast and easy to create type-safe .NET apps. Type safety is the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents logical coding errors.
Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) languages
Languages like ClojureCLR, Eiffel, IronPython, PowerBuilder, and many others also work on the .NET platform. This is because .NET implements the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). You can think of CLI as a template for creating .NET-compatible languages.
The .NET runtime, also called Common Language Runtime (CLR), compiles and executes .NET programs on different operating systems.
Just-in-time compilation
The CLR compiles code as the developer writes it. During compilation, CLR translates the code into Common Intermediate Language (CIL). For example, code written in C# has English-like syntax and words. .NET compiles or translates this code into CIL. CIL code looks different because it is a lower-level machine code language.
Execution
.NET runtime manages the execution of CIL code. CIL is cross-platform compatible, and any operating system can process it. Cross-platform compatibility refers to an application’s ability to run on multiple different operating systems with minimal modifications. For example, an application in C# can run on Windows, Linux, or macOS without any code modifications. Such an application is called a cross-platform application.
The application model frameworks are a collection of developer tools and libraries that support fast and efficient .NET project development. Different frameworks exist for different types of applications, such as those listed below.
Web applications
The ASP.NET framework extends the .NET developer platform specifically for building web-based applications. It supports web technologies such as REST APIS, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It provides a built-in user database with multi-factor and external authentication. ASP.NET supports industry-standard authentication protocols with a built-in security mechanism to protect your .NET apps from cyberattacks.
Mobile applications
You can use Xamarin/Mono to run .NET apps on all the major mobile operating systems, including iOS and Android. Xamarin includes Xamarin.Forms, an open-source mobile user interface framework. .NET developers use Xamarin.forms to create a consistent user experience across mobile platforms. All .NET apps can look the same, even on different mobile devices.
Desktop applications
You can use Xamarin for desktop application development. Additionally, Universal Windows Platform extends .NET Windows 10 application development. Windows Presentation Foundation and Windows Forms are other frameworks for user interface design on Windows.
Other applications
With ML.NET, you can develop and integrate custom machine learning models into your .NET applications. You can use .NET IoT Libraries to develop applications on sensors and other smart devices. For any solutions not available in the frameworks, you can find many specific function libraries on the public NuGet repository. You can use Nuget to create, share, and use many .NET libraries for almost any purpose.
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https://exercism.org/tracks/csharp
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en
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C# on Exercism
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Get fluent in C# by solving 167 exercises. And then level up with mentoring from our world-class team.
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en
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Exercism
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https://exercism.org/tracks/csharp
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Get mentored the C# way
Every language has its own way of doing things. C# is no different. Our mentors will help you learn to think like a C# developer and how to write idiomatic code in C#. Once you've solved an exercise, submit it to our volunteer team, and they'll give you hints, ideas, and feedback on how to make it feel more like what you'd normally see in C# - they'll help you discover the things you don't know that you don't know.
Learn more about mentoring
Community-sourced C# exercises
The C# track on Exercism has 62 concepts and 167 exercises to help you write better code. Discover new exercises as you progress and get engrossed in learning new concepts and improving the way you currently write.
See all C# exercises
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https://baldbeardedbuilder.com/blog/cross-platform-nuget-dotnet/
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Building a Cross Platform NuGet Package
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Learning to build a NuGet package by building a .NET SDK for the Deepgram API, while ensuring it's compatible with as many versions of the .NET Framework and as many platforms as possible.
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en
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/images/favicon/favicon.ico
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https://baldbeardedbuilder.com/blog/cross-platform-nuget-dotnet/
|
I love the .NET ecosystem. My career started writing classic ASP applications in Visual Basic and transitioned to C# with .NET 2.0. I remember building my first ASP.NET MVC application and feeling like I had just performed some kind of magic.
Once I joined Deepgram, I was very excited about the prospect of building a .NET SDK from scratch. During the process, I realized that there are certain things to consider when building a .NET library to make it as accessible as possible to developers building with different versions of the .NET Framework and various platforms.
Happy holidays! This post is a contribution to C# Advent 2021. Be sure to visit and read all the excellent content focused on C# and the .NET community.
permalinkUse Case
Before we get too deep in the how-to, let’s talk about the need I was trying to address. Today, Deepgram has two fully supported SDKs; Node.js & Python. Like .NET, both are great languages with solid ecosystems, but I wanted to provide that first-class citizen experience to my beloved .NET developers. 😁
After a bit of planning, I landed on the following requirements for the SDK:
Enable access to all the publicly available endpoints of the Deepgram API
Allow users to provide their own logging by using the LoggerFactory provided in the Microsoft.Extensions.Logging library
Ensure the library was accessible to as many frameworks & platforms as reasonably practical
permalinkCalling the API
Most of the Deepgram API is accessible via HTTP requests, so the library handles those as you’d expect with an HTTPClient. Requests to transcribe audio in real-time are handled via WebSockets. Creating a reusable and well-managed WebSocket client was more challenging because I couldn’t find any real-world examples in the documentation. In most cases, the documentation would show connecting to a socket, sending a message, receiving a message, and then disconnecting. In the real world, I needed a client that would connect, then send & receive messages on-demand, and disconnect at a later time that I decide.
permalinkBring Your Own Logging
Logging, like tests, are one of those features that developers like to bypass. For years, my projects were scarce on logging and, when included, it was often added as an afterthought. That said, I was very impressed by one of my colleagues, Steve Lorello, at Vonage, who worked on their .NET SDK. Not only did he do a great job with logging throughout the SDK, he utilized the LoggerFactory to provide the ability for developers to choose their own logging solution. I contacted him as I was getting started to warn him that I was blatantly plagiarizing his work. 😂
Luckily, Steve was super gracious and offered to help with any questions. Seriously, if you aren’t following Steve on Twitter, you should. He’s doing outstanding work at Redis now.
permalinkMicrosoft’s Cross-Platform Recommendations
Microsoft recommends starting with a netstandard2.0 target. Since we only plan on supporting platforms & frameworks that can use .NET Standard 2.0 or later, I started reviewing any dependencies I had added intending to strip it down to only those compliant with the .NET Standard 2.0.
I did notice in Microsoft’s recommendations that in some cases, you may have to shield your users depending on their platform and framework, as in the example below:
Fortunately, our SDK didn’t require these types of workarounds.
permalinkPublishing to Nuget with GitHub Actions
Because I created the library in Visual Studio 2022 using the new class library templates, the configuration for building a NuGet package was as painless as providing details like the name, description, etc. of the package. I had already created a GitHub Action to perform CI tasks, so I decided to add another GitHub Action to deploy the package to NuGet.org when a new version was released.
The Continuous Deployment (CD) action contains two jobs: build and publish. The build job creates the NuGet package, while the publish job handles uploading the generated package to NuGet.org. The publish job will only run if the build job completes successfully. You can review the entire CD workflow file here.
permalinkTriggering a New Release
Once we’re ready to release a new version of the SDK, we create a new GitHub release. The CD action is triggered when that new release is published. Once it begins, we use the actions/checkout@v2 to check out the code based on the sha associated with the release.
permalinkRestoring Dependencies
Once the repository is retrieved, we install .NET 6 and install any required dependencies from NuGet.
permalinkIdentifying Version Number
Once the dependencies are installed, the next step pulls the version number from the GitHub release and outputs that value so that subsequent steps can access it.
permalinkBuilding & Packaging the SDK
Next, the action calls dotnet pack and passes various parameters to configure the build and packing process to ensure we’ve got the cleanest output possible.
permalink—configuration
The --configuration parameter tells the build process to run in Release mode rather than Debug mode.
permalink—no-restore
Because we previously ran dotnet restore in the action, there’s no need to restore packages from Nuget during the build process. The --no-restore parameter tells the build process to skip this step to save time.
permalink—output
Once we build the SDK with the various targets, we want that clean output saved to a specific directory. In our case, the ./dist directory.
permalink-p
The -p parameter is used to pass additional parameters to the build process. In our case, we are sending a parameter called Version and set it to the value of the get_version step, which returned our version number based on the GitHub release.
permalinkArchiving Packing Artifacts
The generated package should live in the ./dist directory when the build and packing process completes. We use the actions/upload-artifact@v2 action to save the contents of that directory as an artifact of the action with the name dist. We’ll access this artifact in the next step of the process.
permalinkPublishing to NuGet
With the package archived as an artifact, the publish job will send it to NuGet.
permalinkDownloading Artifacts
The publish job will first download the artifact named dist that was created in the build job. These artifacts are downloaded to the ./dist directory.
permalinkPushing the Package
Next, the job calls dotnet nuget push to send any .nupkg file in the ./dist directory to NuGet.org. This requires an access token that NuGet provides. For securities sake, we store that token in the repositories secrets and access it via ${{secrets.NUGET_API_KEY}}.
With that step complete, the action is finished and stops. NuGet will review the uploaded package and release it to the marketplace automatically.
permalinkAnnouncing the Deepgram .NET SDK
Of course, with all this work completed, we can announce the new Deepgram .NET SDK. Try it out, and let us know if it helps you get up and running with Deepgram even faster.
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https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/scripting/c_sharp/c_sharp_basics.html
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C# basics ¶
|
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Introduction: This page provides a brief introduction to C#, both what it is and how to use it in Godot. Afterwards, you may want to look at how to use specific features, read about the differences...
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Godot Engine documentation
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https://docs.godotengine.org/en/stable/tutorials/scripting/c_sharp/c_sharp_basics.html
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C# basics¶
Introduction¶
This page provides a brief introduction to C#, both what it is and how to use it in Godot. Afterwards, you may want to look at how to use specific features, read about the differences between the C# and the GDScript API, and (re)visit the Scripting section of the step-by-step tutorial.
C# is a high-level programming language developed by Microsoft. In Godot, it is implemented with .NET 6.0.
Attention
Projects written in C# using Godot 4 currently cannot be exported to the web platform. To use C# on the web platform, consider Godot 3 instead. Android and iOS platform support is available as of Godot 4.2, but is experimental and some limitations apply.
Note
This is not a full-scale tutorial on the C# language as a whole. If you aren't already familiar with its syntax or features, see the Microsoft C# guide or look for a suitable introduction elsewhere.
Prerequisites¶
Godot bundles the parts of .NET needed to run already compiled games. However, Godot does not bundle the tools required to build and compile games, such as MSBuild and the C# compiler. These are included in the .NET SDK, and need to be installed separately.
In summary, you must have installed the .NET SDK and the .NET-enabled version of Godot.
Download and install the latest stable version of the SDK from the .NET download page.
Important
Be sure to install the 64-bit version of the SDK(s) if you are using the 64-bit version of Godot.
If you are building Godot from source, make sure to follow the steps to enable .NET support in your build as outlined in the Compiling with .NET page.
Configuring an external editor¶
C# support in Godot's built-in script editor is minimal. Consider using an external IDE or editor, such as Visual Studio Code or MonoDevelop. These provide autocompletion, debugging, and other useful features for C#. To select an external editor in Godot, click on Editor → Editor Settings and scroll down to Dotnet. Under Dotnet, click on Editor, and select your external editor of choice. Godot currently supports the following external editors:
Visual Studio 2022
Visual Studio Code
MonoDevelop
Visual Studio for Mac
JetBrains Rider
See the following sections for how to configure an external editor:
JetBrains Rider¶
After reading the "Prerequisites" section, you can download and install JetBrains Rider.
In Godot's Editor → Editor Settings menu:
Set Dotnet -> Editor -> External Editor to JetBrains Rider.
In Rider:
Set MSBuild version to .NET Core.
Install the Godot support plugin.
Visual Studio Code¶
After reading the "Prerequisites" section, you can download and install Visual Studio Code (aka VS Code).
In Godot's Editor → Editor Settings menu:
Set Dotnet -> Editor -> External Editor to Visual Studio Code.
In Visual Studio Code:
Install the C# extension.
Note
If you are using Linux you need to install the Mono SDK for the C# tools plugin to work.
To configure a project for debugging, you need a tasks.json and launch.json file in the .vscode folder with the necessary configuration.
Here is an example launch.json:
{ "version":"0.2.0", "configurations":[ { "name":"Play", "type":"coreclr", "request":"launch", "preLaunchTask":"build", "program":"${env:GODOT4}", "args":[], "cwd":"${workspaceFolder}", "stopAtEntry":false, } ] }
For this launch configuration to work, you need to either setup a GODOT4 environment variable that points to the Godot executable, or replace program parameter with the path to the Godot executable.
Here is an example tasks.json:
{ "version":"2.0.0", "tasks":[ { "label":"build", "command":"dotnet", "type":"process", "args":[ "build" ], "problemMatcher":"$msCompile" } ] }
Now, when you start the debugger in Visual Studio Code, your Godot project will run.
Visual Studio (Windows only)¶
Download and install the latest version of Visual Studio. Visual Studio will include the required SDKs if you have the correct workloads selected, so you don't need to manually install the things listed in the "Prerequisites" section.
While installing Visual Studio, select this workload:
.NET desktop development
In Godot's Editor → Editor Settings menu:
Set Dotnet -> Editor -> External Editor to Visual Studio.
Note
If you see an error like "Unable to find package Godot.NET.Sdk", your NuGet configuration may be incorrect and need to be fixed.
A simple way to fix the NuGet configuration file is to regenerate it. In a file explorer window, go to %AppData%\NuGet. Rename or delete the NuGet.Config file. When you build your Godot project again, the file will be automatically created with default values.
To debug your C# scripts using Visual Studio, open the .sln file that is generated after opening the first C# script in the editor. In the Debug menu, go to the Debug Properties menu item for your project. Click the Create a new profile button and choose Executable. In the Executable field, browse to the path of the C# version of the Godot editor, or type %GODOT4% if you have created an environment variable for the Godot executable path. It must be the path to the main Godot executable, not the 'console' version. For the Working Directory, type a single period, ., meaning the current directory. Also check the Enable native code debugging checkbox. You may now close this window, click downward arrow on the debug profile dropdown, and select your new launch profile. Hit the green start button, and your game will begin playing in debug mode.
Creating a C# script¶
After you successfully set up C# for Godot, you should see the following option when selecting Attach Script in the context menu of a node in your scene:
Note that while some specifics change, most concepts work the same when using C# for scripting. If you're new to Godot, you may want to follow the tutorials on Scripting languages at this point. While some documentation pages still lack C# examples, most notions can be transferred from GDScript.
Project setup and workflow¶
When you create the first C# script, Godot initializes the C# project files for your Godot project. This includes generating a C# solution (.sln) and a project file (.csproj), as well as some utility files and folders (.godot/mono). All of these but .godot/mono are important and should be committed to your version control system. Everything under .godot can be safely added to the ignore list of your VCS. When troubleshooting, it can sometimes help to delete the .godot/mono folder and let it regenerate.
Example¶
Here's a blank C# script with some comments to demonstrate how it works.
usingGodot; publicpartialclassYourCustomClass:Node { // Member variables here, example: privateint_a=2; privatestring_b="textvar"; publicoverridevoid_Ready() { // Called every time the node is added to the scene. // Initialization here. GD.Print("Hello from C# to Godot :)"); } publicoverridevoid_Process(doubledelta) { // Called every frame. Delta is time since the last frame. // Update game logic here. } }
As you can see, functions normally in global scope in GDScript like Godot's print function are available in the GD static class which is part of the Godot namespace. For a full list of methods in the GD class, see the class reference pages for @GDScript and @GlobalScope.
Note
Keep in mind that the class you wish to attach to your node should have the same name as the .cs file. Otherwise, you will get the following error:
"Cannot find class XXX for script res://XXX.cs"
General differences between C# and GDScript¶
The C# API uses PascalCase instead of snake_case in GDScript/C++. Where possible, fields and getters/setters have been converted to properties. In general, the C# Godot API strives to be as idiomatic as is reasonably possible.
For more information, see the C# API differences to GDScript page.
Warning
You need to (re)build the project assemblies whenever you want to see new exported variables or signals in the editor. This build can be manually triggered by clicking the Build button in the top right corner of the editor.
You will also need to rebuild the project assemblies to apply changes in "tool" scripts.
Current gotchas and known issues¶
As C# support is quite new in Godot, there are some growing pains and things that need to be ironed out. Below is a list of the most important issues you should be aware of when diving into C# in Godot, but if in doubt, also take a look over the official issue tracker for .NET issues.
Writing editor plugins is possible, but it is currently quite convoluted.
State is currently not saved and restored when hot-reloading, with the exception of exported variables.
Attached C# scripts should refer to a class that has a class name that matches the file name.
There are some methods such as Get()/Set(), Call()/CallDeferred() and signal connection method Connect() that rely on Godot's snake_case API naming conventions. So when using e.g. CallDeferred("AddChild"), AddChild will not work because the API is expecting the original snake_case version add_child. However, you can use any custom properties or methods without this limitation. Prefer using the exposed StringName in the PropertyName, MethodName and SignalName to avoid extra StringName allocations and worrying about snake_case naming.
As of Godot 4.0, exporting .NET projects is supported for desktop platforms (Linux, Windows and macOS). Other platforms will gain support in future 4.x releases.
Common pitfalls¶
You might encounter the following error when trying to modify some values in Godot objects, e.g. when trying to change the X coordinate of a Node2D:
publicpartialclassMyNode2D:Node2D { publicoverridevoid_Ready() { Position.X=100.0f; // CS1612: Cannot modify the return value of 'Node2D.Position' because // it is not a variable. } }
This is perfectly normal. Structs (in this example, a Vector2) in C# are copied on assignment, meaning that when you retrieve such an object from a property or an indexer, you get a copy of it, not the object itself. Modifying said copy without reassigning it afterwards won't achieve anything.
The workaround is simple: retrieve the entire struct, modify the value you want to modify, and reassign the property.
varnewPosition=Position; newPosition.X=100.0f; Position=newPosition;
Since C# 10, it is also possible to use with expressions on structs, allowing you to do the same thing in a single line.
Position=Positionwith{X=100.0f};
You can read more about this error on the C# language reference.
Performance of C# in Godot¶
According to some preliminary benchmarks, the performance of C# in Godot — while generally in the same order of magnitude — is roughly ~4× that of GDScript in some naive cases. C++ is still a little faster; the specifics are going to vary according to your use case. GDScript is likely fast enough for most general scripting workloads.
Most properties of Godot C# objects that are based on GodotObject (e.g. any Node like Control or Node3D like Camera3D) require native (interop) calls as they talk to Godot's C++ core. Consider assigning values of such properties into a local variable if you need to modify or read them multiple times at a single code location:
usingGodot; publicpartialclassYourCustomClass:Node3D { privatevoidExpensiveReposition() { for(vari=0;i<10;i++) { // Position is read and set 10 times which incurs native interop. // Furthermore the object is repositioned 10 times in 3D space which // takes additional time. Position+=newVector3(i,i); } } privatevoidReposition() { // A variable is used to avoid native interop for Position on every loop. varnewPosition=Position; for(vari=0;i<10;i++) { newPosition+=newVector3(i,i); } // Setting Position only once avoids native interop and repositioning in 3D space. Position=newPosition; } }
Passing raw arrays (such as byte[]) or string to Godot's C# API requires marshalling which is comparatively pricey.
The implicit conversion from string to NodePath or StringName incur both the native interop and marshalling costs as the string has to be marshalled and passed to the respective native constructor.
Using NuGet packages in Godot¶
NuGet packages can be installed and used with Godot, as with any C# project. Many IDEs are able to add packages directly. They can also be added manually by adding the package reference in the .csproj file located in the project root:
<ItemGroup> <PackageReferenceInclude="Newtonsoft.Json"Version="11.0.2"/> </ItemGroup> ... </Project>
As of Godot 3.2.3, Godot automatically downloads and sets up newly added NuGet packages the next time it builds the project.
Profiling your C# code¶
The following tools may be used for performance and memory profiling of your managed code:
JetBrains Rider with dotTrace/dotMemory plugin.
Standalone JetBrains dotTrace/dotMemory.
Visual Studio.
Profiling managed and unmanaged code at once is possible with both JetBrains tools and Visual Studio, but limited to Windows.
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