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You are given an integer N.
For two positive integers A and B, we will define F(A,B) as the larger of the following: the number of digits in the decimal notation of A, and the number of digits in the decimal notation of B.
For example, F(3,11) = 2 sin... |
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In the International System of Units (SI), various physical quantities are expressed in the form of "numerical value + prefix + unit" using prefixes such as kilo, mega, and giga. For example, "3.5 kilometers", "5.1 milligrams", and so on.
On the other ... |
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We call a positive integer number fair if it is divisible by each of its nonzero digits. For example, $102$ is fair (because it is divisible by $1$ and $2$), but $282$ is not, because it isn't divisible by $8$. Given a positive integer $n$. Find the min... |
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Writing light novels is the most important thing in Linova's life. Last night, Linova dreamed about a fantastic kingdom. She began to write a light novel for the kingdom as soon as she woke up, and of course, she is the queen of it.
<image>
There are ... |
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You are playing a game and your goal is to maximize your expected gain. At the beginning of the game, a pawn is put, uniformly at random, at a position p\in\\{1,2,\dots, N\\}. The N positions are arranged on a circle (so that 1 is between N and 2).
The... |
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Valera wanted to prepare a Codesecrof round. He's already got one problem and he wants to set a time limit (TL) on it.
Valera has written n correct solutions. For each correct solution, he knows its running time (in seconds). Valera has also wrote m wr... |
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**Story**
On some island lives a chameleon population. Chameleons here can be of only one of three colors - red, green and blue. Whenever two chameleons of different colors meet, they can change their colors to a third one (i.e. when red and blue cham... |
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Imp is watching a documentary about cave painting. [Image]
Some numbers, carved in chaotic order, immediately attracted his attention. Imp rapidly proposed a guess that they are the remainders of division of a number n by all integers i from 1 to k. U... |
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You are given a graph with $n$ nodes and $m$ directed edges. One lowercase letter is assigned to each node. We define a path's value as the number of the most frequently occurring letter. For example, if letters on a path are "abaca", then the value of ... |
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William has two arrays $a$ and $b$, each consisting of $n$ items.
For some segments $l..r$ of these arrays William wants to know if it is possible to equalize the values of items in these segments using a balancing operation. Formally, the values are e... |
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Baby Ehab is known for his love for a certain operation. He has an array $a$ of length $n$, and he decided to keep doing the following operation on it:
he picks $2$ adjacent elements; he then removes them and places a single integer in their place: the... |
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You have an array $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. All $a_i$ are positive integers.
In one step you can choose three distinct indices $i$, $j$, and $k$ ($i \neq j$; $i \neq k$; $j \neq k$) and assign the sum of $a_j$ and $a_k$ to $a_i$, i. e. make $a_i = a_j + ... |
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problem
Do you know Just Odd Inventions? The business of this company is to "just odd inventions". Here we call it JOI for short.
JOI has two offices, each of which has square rooms of the same size arranged in a grid pattern. All the rooms that are i... |
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There is data of up to 100 characters per line, consisting of half-width alphabetic character strings. Some lines are symmetric (same whether read from the left edge or the right edge). Create a program that reads this data and outputs the number of sym... |
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Ayrat is looking for the perfect code. He decided to start his search from an infinite field tiled by hexagons. For convenience the coordinate system is introduced, take a look at the picture to see how the coordinates of hexagon are defined:
[Image] ... |
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Little Vitaly loves different algorithms. Today he has invented a new algorithm just for you. Vitaly's algorithm works with string s, consisting of characters "x" and "y", and uses two following operations at runtime: Find two consecutive characters in... |
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Polycarp watched TV-show where k jury members one by one rated a participant by adding him a certain number of points (may be negative, i. e. points were subtracted). Initially the participant had some score, and each the marks were one by one added to ... |
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Mountaineers Mr. Takahashi and Mr. Aoki recently trekked across a certain famous mountain range. The mountain range consists of N mountains, extending from west to east in a straight line as Mt. 1, Mt. 2, ..., Mt. N. Mr. Takahashi traversed the range fr... |
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For given two sides of a triangle a and b and the angle C between them, calculate the following properties:
* S: Area of the triangle
* L: The length of the circumference of the triangle
* h: The height of the triangle with side a as a bottom edge
I... |
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At a break Vanya came to the class and saw an array of $n$ $k$-bit integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ on the board. An integer $x$ is called a $k$-bit integer if $0 \leq x \leq 2^k - 1$.
Of course, Vanya was not able to resist and started changing the n... |
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You are going to be given a word. Your job will be to make sure that each character in that word has the exact same number of occurrences. You will return `true` if it is valid, or `false` if it is not.
For example:
`"abcabc"` is a valid word because ... |
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In this problem we assume the Earth to be a completely round ball and its surface a perfect sphere. The length of the equator and any meridian is considered to be exactly 40 000 kilometers. Thus, travelling from North Pole to South Pole or vice versa ta... |
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# Triple Trouble
Create a function that will return a string that combines all of the letters of the three inputed strings in groups. Taking the first letter of all of the inputs and grouping them next to each other. Do this for every letter, see exa... |
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Does \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} < \sqrt{c} hold?
Constraints
* 1 \leq a, b, c \leq 10^9
* All values in input are integers.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
a \ b \ c
Output
If \sqrt{a} + \sqrt{b} < \sqrt{c}, print `Ye... |
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You want to perform the combo on your opponent in one popular fighting game. The combo is the string $s$ consisting of $n$ lowercase Latin letters. To perform the combo, you have to press all buttons in the order they appear in $s$. I.e. if $s=$"abca" t... |
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You have a Petri dish with bacteria and you are preparing to dive into the harsh micro-world. But, unfortunately, you don't have any microscope nearby, so you can't watch them.
You know that you have $n$ bacteria in the Petri dish and size of the $i$-t... |
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Your friend has been out shopping for puppies (what a time to be alive!)... He arrives back with multiple dogs, and you simply do not know how to respond!
By repairing the function provided, you will find out exactly how you should respond, depending o... |
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You are responsible for installing a gas pipeline along a road. Let's consider the road (for simplicity) as a segment $[0, n]$ on $OX$ axis. The road can have several crossroads, but for simplicity, we'll denote each crossroad as an interval $(x, x + 1)... |
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Polycarp has recently created a new level in this cool new game Berlio Maker 85 and uploaded it online. Now players from all over the world can try his level.
All levels in this game have two stats to them: the number of plays and the number of clears.... |
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Doubly linked list is one of the fundamental data structures. A doubly linked list is a sequence of elements, each containing information about the previous and the next elements of the list. In this problem all lists have linear structure. I.e. each el... |
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Let's call the following process a transformation of a sequence of length $n$.
If the sequence is empty, the process ends. Otherwise, append the greatest common divisor (GCD) of all the elements of the sequence to the result and remove one arbitrary el... |
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We have a point $A$ with coordinate $x = n$ on $OX$-axis. We'd like to find an integer point $B$ (also on $OX$-axis), such that the absolute difference between the distance from $O$ to $B$ and the distance from $A$ to $B$ is equal to $k$. [Image] The de... |
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In recreational mathematics, a magic square is an arrangement of distinct numbers (i.e., each number is used once), usually integers, in a square grid, where the numbers in each row, and in each column, and the numbers in the main and secondary diagonal... |
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Everyone knows that 2010 FIFA World Cup is being held in South Africa now. By the decision of BFA (Berland's Football Association) next World Cup will be held in Berland. BFA took the decision to change some World Cup regulations:
* the final tournam... |
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In Group C of the 3rd year, we decided to use the "class flag" used at the sports festival on November 10, 2007 at future class reunions. So, in order to decide which students to keep the "class flag", I decided to play the following game using a large ... |
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E869120's and square1001's 16-th birthday is coming soon.
Takahashi from AtCoder Kingdom gave them a round cake cut into 16 equal fan-shaped pieces.
E869120 and square1001 were just about to eat A and B of those pieces, respectively,
when they found a... |
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You're fed up about changing the version of your software manually. Instead, you will create a little script that will make it for you.
# Exercice
Create a function `nextVersion`, that will take a string in parameter, and will return a string containi... |
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Do you remember how Kai constructed the word "eternity" using pieces of ice as components?
Little Sheldon plays with pieces of ice, each piece has exactly one digit between 0 and 9. He wants to construct his favourite number t. He realized that digits ... |
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JavaScript provides a built-in parseInt method.
It can be used like this:
- `parseInt("10")` returns `10`
- `parseInt("10 apples")` also returns `10`
We would like it to return `"NaN"` (as a string) for the second case because the input string is not... |
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There are N people standing in a queue from west to east.
Given is a string S of length N representing the directions of the people.
The i-th person from the west is facing west if the i-th character of S is L, and east if that character of S is R.
A pe... |
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Write a function `count_vowels` to count the number of vowels in a given string.
### Notes:
- Return `nil` or `None` for non-string inputs.
- Return `0` if the parameter is omitted.
### Examples:
```python
count_vowels("abcdefg") => 2
count_vowels("... |
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Give the summation of all even numbers in a Fibonacci sequence up to, but not including, the maximum value.
The Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where the next value is the addition of the previous two values. The series starts with 0 and 1:
... |
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From beginning till end, this message has been waiting to be conveyed.
For a given unordered multiset of n lowercase English letters ("multi" means that a letter may appear more than once), we treat all letters as strings of length 1, and repeat the fo... |
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LiLand is a country, consisting of n cities. The cities are numbered from 1 to n. The country is well known because it has a very strange transportation system. There are many one-way flights that make it possible to travel between the cities, but the f... |
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The citizens of Byteland regularly play a game. They have blocks each denoting some integer from 0 to 9. These are arranged together in a random manner without seeing to form different numbers keeping in mind that the first block is never a 0. Once they... |
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A boy Bob likes to draw. Not long ago he bought a rectangular graph (checked) sheet with n rows and m columns. Bob shaded some of the squares on the sheet. Having seen his masterpiece, he decided to share it with his elder brother, who lives in Flatland... |
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Qwerty the Ranger took up a government job and arrived on planet Mars. He should stay in the secret lab and conduct some experiments on bacteria that have funny and abnormal properties. The job isn't difficult, but the salary is high.
At the beginning ... |
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After learning about polynomial hashing, Heidi decided to learn about shift-xor hashing. In particular, she came across this interesting problem.
Given a bitstring $y \in \{0,1\}^n$ find out the number of different $k$ ($0 \leq k < n$) such that there ... |
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In Chelyabinsk lives a much respected businessman Nikita with a strange nickname "Boss". Once Nikita decided to go with his friend Alex to the Summer Biathlon World Cup. Nikita, as a very important person, received a token which allows to place bets on ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
Grapes of Coderpur are very famous. Devu went to the market and saw that there were N people selling grapes. He didn’t like it because things were not very structured. So, he gave a task to Dh... |
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A strongness of an even number is the number of times we can successively divide by 2 until we reach an odd number starting with an even number n.
For example, if n = 12, then
* 12 / 2 = 6
* 6 / 2 = 3
So we divided successively 2 times and we reached ... |
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Given that
```
f0 = '0'
f1 = '01'
f2 = '010' = f1 + f0
f3 = '01001' = f2 + f1
```
You will be given a number and your task is to return the `nth` fibonacci string. For example:
```
solve(2) = '010'
solve(3) = '01001'
```
More examples in test cases.... |
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You are given two integers $a$ and $b$. You can perform a sequence of operations: during the first operation you choose one of these numbers and increase it by $1$; during the second operation you choose one of these numbers and increase it by $2$, and ... |
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She is an apprentice wizard. She first learned the magic of manipulating time. And she decided to open a liquor store to earn a living. It has to do with the fact that all the inhabitants of the country where she lives love alcohol. Residents especially... |
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In a certain video game, the player controls a hero characterized by a single integer value: power. The hero will have to beat monsters that are also characterized by a single integer value: armor.
On the current level, the hero is facing $n$ caves. To... |
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Let's assume that we have a pair of numbers (a, b). We can get a new pair (a + b, b) or (a, a + b) from the given pair in a single step.
Let the initial pair of numbers be (1,1). Your task is to find number k, that is, the least number of steps needed ... |
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There are some animals in a garden. Each of them is a crane with two legs or a turtle with four legs.
Takahashi says: "there are X animals in total in the garden, and they have Y legs in total." Determine whether there is a combination of numbers of cra... |
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On the way to Dandi March, Gandhijee carried a mirror with himself. When he reached Dandi, he decided to play a game with the tired people to give them some strength. At each turn of the game he pointed out a person and told him to say a number N(possib... |
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Little Petya often visits his grandmother in the countryside. The grandmother has a large vertical garden, which can be represented as a set of `n` rectangles of varying height. Due to the newest irrigation system we can create artificial rain above the... |
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A flea is sitting at one of the n hassocks, arranged in a circle, at the moment. After minute number k the flea jumps through k - 1 hassoсks (clockwise). For example, after the first minute the flea jumps to the neighboring hassock. You should answer: w... |
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D: Is greed the best?
story
In Japan, where there are 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 yen coins, it is known that the number of coins can be minimized by using as many coins as possible when paying a certain amount. ..
If the amount of coins is different from... |
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Johnny has a younger sister Anne, who is very clever and smart. As she came home from the kindergarten, she told his brother about the task that her kindergartener asked her to solve. The task was just to construct a triangle out of four sticks of diffe... |
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In this kata you are given an array to sort but you're expected to start sorting from a specific position of the array (in ascending order) and optionally you're given the number of items to sort.
#### Examples:
```python
sect_sort([1, 2, 5, 7, 4, 6, ... |
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Paul is at the orchestra. The string section is arranged in an r × c rectangular grid and is filled with violinists with the exception of n violists. Paul really likes violas, so he would like to take a picture including at least k of them. Paul can tak... |
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You came to the exhibition and one exhibit has drawn your attention. It consists of $n$ stacks of blocks, where the $i$-th stack consists of $a_i$ blocks resting on the surface.
The height of the exhibit is equal to $m$. Consequently, the number of blo... |
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As Will is stuck in the Upside Down, he can still communicate with his mom, Joyce, through the Christmas lights (he can turn them on and off with his mind). He can't directly tell his mom where he is, because the monster that took him to the Upside Down... |
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The stardate is 1983, and Princess Heidi is getting better at detecting the Death Stars. This time, two Rebel spies have yet again given Heidi two maps with the possible locations of the Death Star. Since she got rid of all double agents last time, she ... |
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Welcome to Rockport City!
It is time for your first ever race in the game against Ronnie. To make the race interesting, you have bet $a$ dollars and Ronnie has bet $b$ dollars. But the fans seem to be disappointed. The excitement of the fans is given b... |
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Welcome to PC Koshien, players. This year marks the 10th anniversary of Computer Koshien, but the number of questions and the total score will vary from year to year. Scores are set for each question according to the difficulty level. When the number of... |
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# Invalid Login - Bug Fixing #11
Oh NO! Timmy has moved divisions... but now he's in the field of security. Timmy, being the top coder he is, has allowed some bad code through. You must help Timmy and filter out any injected code!
## Task
Your task i... |
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Gildong has bought a famous painting software cfpaint. The working screen of cfpaint is square-shaped consisting of $n$ rows and $n$ columns of square cells. The rows are numbered from $1$ to $n$, from top to bottom, and the columns are numbered from $1... |
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You are given a positive integer N.
Find the minimum positive integer divisible by both 2 and N.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 \leq N \leq 10^9
- All values in input are integers.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following forma... |
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You are given a string $s$. You can build new string $p$ from $s$ using the following operation no more than two times: choose any subsequence $s_{i_1}, s_{i_2}, \dots, s_{i_k}$ where $1 \le i_1 < i_2 < \dots < i_k \le |s|$; erase the chosen subseque... |
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Vadim is really keen on travelling. Recently he heard about kayaking activity near his town and became very excited about it, so he joined a party of kayakers.
Now the party is ready to start its journey, but firstly they have to choose kayaks. There a... |
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We have a deck consisting of N cards. Each card has an integer written on it. The integer on the i-th card from the top is a_i.
Two people X and Y will play a game using this deck. Initially, X has a card with Z written on it in his hand, and Y has a c... |
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Skyscraper "MinatoHarukas"
Mr. Port plans to start a new business renting one or more floors of the new skyscraper with one giga floors, MinatoHarukas. He wants to rent as many vertically adjacent floors as possible, because he wants to show advertisem... |
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This is the simple version of Fastest Code series. If you need some challenges, please try the [Performance version](http://www.codewars.com/kata/5714594d2817ff681c000783)
## Task:
Give you a number array ```numbers``` and a number ```c```.
Find... |
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Bimokh is Mashmokh's boss. For the following n days he decided to pay to his workers in a new way. At the beginning of each day he will give each worker a certain amount of tokens. Then at the end of each day each worker can give some of his tokens back... |
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A map of some object is a rectangular field consisting of n rows and n columns. Each cell is initially occupied by the sea but you can cover some some cells of the map with sand so that exactly k islands appear on the map. We will call a set of sand cel... |
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Stellar history 2005.11.5. You are about to engage an enemy spacecraft as the captain of the UAZ Advance spacecraft. Fortunately, the enemy spaceship is still unnoticed. In addition, the space coordinates of the enemy are already known, and the "feather... |
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Arcady is a copywriter. His today's task is to type up an already well-designed story using his favorite text editor.
Arcady types words, punctuation signs and spaces one after another. Each letter and each sign (including line feed) requires one keybo... |
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Haiku is a short form of Japanese poetry. A Haiku consists of three phrases with 5, 7 and 5 syllables, in this order.
Iroha is looking for X,Y,Z-Haiku (defined below) in integer sequences.
Consider all integer sequences of length N whose elements are be... |
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We have held a popularity poll for N items on sale. Item i received A_i votes.
From these N items, we will select M as popular items. However, we cannot select an item with less than \dfrac{1}{4M} of the total number of votes.
If M popular items can be ... |
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There are N integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_N not less than 1. The values of a_1, a_2, ..., a_N are not known, but it is known that a_1 \times a_2 \times ... \times a_N = P.
Find the maximum possible greatest common divisor of a_1, a_2, ..., a_N.
Constraint... |
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Arthur and Alexander are number busters. Today they've got a competition.
Arthur took a group of four integers a, b, w, x (0 ≤ b < w, 0 < x < w) and Alexander took integer с. Arthur and Alexander use distinct approaches to number bustings. Alexander i... |
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Duff is in love with lovely numbers! A positive integer x is called lovely if and only if there is no such positive integer a > 1 such that a^2 is a divisor of x. [Image]
Malek has a number store! In his store, he has only divisors of positive integer... |
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# Story
Well, here I am stuck in another traffic jam.
*Damn all those courteous people!*
Cars are trying to enter the main road from side-streets somewhere ahead of me and people keep letting them cut in.
Each time somebody is let in the effect rip... |
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You are given an array $a$ of length $n$, which initially is a permutation of numbers from $1$ to $n$. In one operation, you can choose an index $i$ ($1 \leq i < n$) such that $a_i < a_{i + 1}$, and remove either $a_i$ or $a_{i + 1}$ from the array (aft... |
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A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward. Examples of numerical palindromes are:
2332
110011
54322345
For a given number ```num```, write a function which returns the number of n... |
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# Grains
Write a program that calculates the number of grains of wheat on a chessboard given that the number on each square is double the previous one.
There are 64 squares on a chessboard.
#Example:
square(1) = 1
square(2) = 2
square(3) = 4
square(4... |
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Little Petya very much likes arrays consisting of n integers, where each of them is in the range from 1 to 109, inclusive. Recently he has received one such array as a gift from his mother. Petya didn't like it at once. He decided to choose exactly one ... |
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There is the word heuristics. It's a relatively simple approach that usually works, although there is no guarantee that it will work. The world is full of heuristics because it is simple and powerful.
Some examples of heuristics include: In an anime pr... |
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I am a pipe tie craftsman. As long as you get the joints and pipes that connect the pipes, you can connect any pipe. Every day, my master gives me pipes and joints, which I connect and give to my master. But if you have too many pipes, you can't connect... |
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The Smart Beaver from ABBYY came up with another splendid problem for the ABBYY Cup participants! This time the Beaver invites the contest participants to check out a problem on sorting documents by their subjects. Let's describe the problem:
You've go... |
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The New Year is coming! That's why many people today are busy preparing New Year presents. Vasily the Programmer is no exception.
Vasily knows that the best present is (no, it's not a contest) money. He's put n empty wallets from left to right in a row... |
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The main server of Gomble company received a log of one top-secret process, the name of which can't be revealed. The log was written in the following format: «[date:time]: message», where for each «[date:time]» value existed not more than 10 lines. All ... |
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Magic The Gathering is a collectible card game that features wizards battling against each other with spells and creature summons. The game itself can be quite complicated to learn. In this series of katas, we'll be solving some of the situations that a... |
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A median in an array with the length of n is an element which occupies position number <image> after we sort the elements in the non-decreasing order (the array elements are numbered starting with 1). A median of an array (2, 6, 1, 2, 3) is the number 2... |
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The kingdom of Lazyland is the home to $n$ idlers. These idlers are incredibly lazy and create many problems to their ruler, the mighty King of Lazyland.
Today $k$ important jobs for the kingdom ($k \le n$) should be performed. Every job should be don... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Many years ago, Roman numbers were defined by only `4` digits: `I, V, X, L`, which represented `1, 5, 10, 50`. These were the only digits used. The value of a sequence was simply the sum of digits in it. For instance:
```
IV = VI = 6
IX = XI = 11
XXL = ... |
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