{
  "dataset": "ai-act-obligations-italy",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "issued": "2026-04-22",
  "source_regulation": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689",
  "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024R1689",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "publisher": "Federico Calò",
  "homepage": "https://federicocalo.dev/open-data",
  "records": [
    {
      "article": "5(1)(a)",
      "risk_category": "unacceptable",
      "target_actor": "all_actors",
      "obligation_label": "Divieto di pratiche manipolative subliminali",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-02-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_1",
      "max_penalty_eur": 35000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 7
    },
    {
      "article": "5(1)(c)",
      "risk_category": "unacceptable",
      "target_actor": "public_authorities",
      "obligation_label": "Divieto social scoring",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-02-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_1",
      "max_penalty_eur": 35000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 7
    },
    {
      "article": "5(1)(h)",
      "risk_category": "unacceptable",
      "target_actor": "law_enforcement",
      "obligation_label": "Divieto RT remote biometric identification pubblica",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-02-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_1",
      "max_penalty_eur": 35000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 7
    },
    {
      "article": "9",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "Risk Management System",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "10",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "Data governance (training/validation/test)",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "11",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "Technical documentation (Annex IV)",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "14",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "Human oversight",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "27",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "deployers",
      "obligation_label": "FRIA - Fundamental Rights Impact Assessment",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "43",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "Conformity assessment + CE marking",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_2",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "50(1)",
      "risk_category": "limited",
      "target_actor": "providers_deployers",
      "obligation_label": "Chatbot disclosure",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_3",
      "max_penalty_eur": 7500000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 1
    },
    {
      "article": "50(2)",
      "risk_category": "limited",
      "target_actor": "providers",
      "obligation_label": "AI-generated content machine-readable",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_3",
      "max_penalty_eur": 7500000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 1
    },
    {
      "article": "50(4)",
      "risk_category": "limited",
      "target_actor": "deployers",
      "obligation_label": "Deepfake labeling",
      "enforcement_start": "2026-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_3",
      "max_penalty_eur": 7500000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 1
    },
    {
      "article": "53(1)(c)",
      "risk_category": "limited",
      "target_actor": "gpai_providers",
      "obligation_label": "GPAI copyright policy",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_4",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "53(1)(d)",
      "risk_category": "limited",
      "target_actor": "gpai_providers",
      "obligation_label": "GPAI training data summary",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_4",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    },
    {
      "article": "55",
      "risk_category": "high",
      "target_actor": "gpai_providers_systemic",
      "obligation_label": "Systemic risk assessment + incident reporting",
      "enforcement_start": "2025-08-02",
      "penalty_tier": "tier_4",
      "max_penalty_eur": 15000000,
      "max_penalty_pct_turnover": 3
    }
  ],
  "counts_by_category": {
    "unacceptable": 8,
    "high": 14,
    "limited": 8,
    "gpai": 5
  },
  "timeline_key_dates": [
    { "date": "2025-02-02", "milestone": "Prohibited practices + AI literacy" },
    { "date": "2025-08-02", "milestone": "GPAI obligations + governance bodies" },
    { "date": "2026-08-02", "milestone": "High-risk systems + transparency" },
    { "date": "2027-08-02", "milestone": "Full application (Annex I products)" }
  ]
}