Response:
by
  simpa only [← preimage_smul_inv] using! h_qmp.ae_eq h_ae_eq

[User]
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.AbsolutelyContinuous
public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.OuterMeasure.BorelCantelli

Namespace:
MeasureTheory.Measure.QuasiMeasurePreserving

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2017 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Mario Carneiro
-/
/-!
# Quasi-Measure-Preserving Functions

A map `f : α → β` is said to be *quasi-measure-preserving* (a.k.a. non-singular) w.r.t. measures
`μa` and `μb` if it is measurable and `μb s = 0` implies `μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0`.
That last condition can also be written `μa.map f ≪ μb` (the map of `μa` by `f` is
absolutely continuous with respect to `μb`).

## Main definitions

* `MeasureTheory.Measure.QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb`: `f` is quasi-measure-preserving with
  respect to `μa` and `μb`.

-/

public section

variable {α β γ δ : Type*}

namespace MeasureTheory

open Set Function ENNReal
open Filter hiding map

variable {mα : MeasurableSpace α} {mβ : MeasurableSpace β} {mγ : MeasurableSpace γ}
  {μ ν : Measure α} {s : Set α}

namespace Measure

/-- A map `f : α → β` is said to be *quasi-measure-preserving* (a.k.a. non-singular) w.r.t. measures
`μa` and `μb` if it is measurable and `μb s = 0` implies `μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0`. -/
@[fun_prop]
structure QuasiMeasurePreserving {m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (f : α → β)
  (μa : Measure α := by volume_tac)
  (μb : Measure β := by volume_tac) : Prop where
  protected measurable : Measurable f
  protected absolutelyContinuous : μa.map f ≪ μb

attribute [fun_prop] QuasiMeasurePreserving.measurable

namespace QuasiMeasurePreserving

@[fun_prop]
protected theorem id {_m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (μ : Measure α) : QuasiMeasurePreserving id μ μ :=
  ⟨measurable_id, map_id.absolutelyContinuous⟩

variable {μa μa' : Measure α} {μb μb' : Measure β} {μc : Measure γ} {f : α → β}

protected theorem _root_.Measurable.quasiMeasurePreserving
    {_m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (hf : Measurable f) (μ : Measure α) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ (μ.map f) :=
  ⟨hf, AbsolutelyContinuous.rfl⟩

theorem mono_left (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (ha : μa' ≪ μa) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa' μb :=
  ⟨h.1, (ha.map h.1).trans h.2⟩

theorem mono_right (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (ha : μb ≪ μb') :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb' :=
  ⟨h.1, h.2.trans ha⟩

@[gcongr, mono]
theorem mono (ha : μa' ≪ μa) (hb : μb ≪ μb') (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa' μb' :=
  (h.mono_left ha).mono_right hb

@[fun_prop]
protected theorem comp {g : β → γ} {f : α → β} (hg : QuasiMeasurePreserving g μb μc)
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : QuasiMeasurePreserving (g ∘ f) μa μc :=
  ⟨hg.measurable.comp hf.measurable, by
    rw [← map_map hg.1 hf.1]
    exact (hf.2.map hg.1).trans hg.2⟩

protected theorem iterate {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μa) :
    ∀ n, QuasiMeasurePreserving f^[n] μa μa
  | 0 => QuasiMeasurePreserving.id μa
  | n + 1 => (hf.iterate n).comp hf

protected theorem aemeasurable (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : AEMeasurable f μa :=
  hf.1.aemeasurable

protected theorem congr (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {f' : α → β} (hf' : Measurable f')
    (h : f =ᵐ[μa] f') : QuasiMeasurePreserving f' μa μb := by
  refine ⟨hf', ?_⟩
  rw [Measure.map_congr h.symm]
  exact hf.absolutelyContinuous

theorem smul_measure {R : Type*} [SMul R ℝ≥0∞] [IsScalarTower R ℝ≥0∞ ℝ≥0∞]
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (c : R) : QuasiMeasurePreserving f (c • μa) (c • μb) :=
  ⟨hf.1, by rw [Measure.map_smul]; exact hf.2.smul c⟩

theorem ae_map_le (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : ae (μa.map f) ≤ ae μb :=
  h.2.ae_le

theorem tendsto_ae (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : Tendsto f (ae μa) (ae μb) :=
  (tendsto_ae_map h.aemeasurable).mono_right h.ae_map_le

theorem ae (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {p : β → Prop} (hg : ∀ᵐ x ∂μb, p x) :
    ∀ᵐ x ∂μa, p (f x) :=
  h.tendsto_ae hg

@[gcongr]
theorem ae_eq (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {g₁ g₂ : β → δ} (hg : g₁ =ᵐ[μb] g₂) :
    g₁ ∘ f =ᵐ[μa] g₂ ∘ f :=
  h.ae hg

theorem preimage_null (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {s : Set β} (hs : μb s = 0) :
    μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0 :=
  preimage_null_of_map_null h.aemeasurable (h.2 hs)

theorem preimage_mono_ae {s t : Set β} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (h : s ≤ᵐ[μb] t) :
    f ⁻¹' s ≤ᵐ[μa] f ⁻¹' t :=
  eventually_map.mp <|
    Eventually.filter_mono (tendsto_ae_map hf.aemeasurable) (Eventually.filter_mono hf.ae_map_le h)

theorem preimage_ae_eq {s t : Set β} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (h : s =ᵐ[μb] t) :
    f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μa] f ⁻¹' t :=
  EventuallyLE.antisymm (hf.preimage_mono_ae h.le) (hf.preimage_mono_ae h.symm.le)

/-- The preimage of a null measurable set under a (quasi-)measure-preserving map is a null
measurable set. -/
theorem _root_.MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet.preimage {s : Set β} (hs : NullMeasurableSet s μb)
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : NullMeasurableSet (f ⁻¹' s) μa :=
  let ⟨t, htm, hst⟩ := hs
  ⟨f ⁻¹' t, hf.measurable htm, hf.preimage_ae_eq hst⟩

theorem preimage_iterate_ae_eq {s : Set α} {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ) (k : ℕ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : f^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
  induction k with
  | zero => rfl
  | succ k ih =>
    rw [iterate_succ, preimage_comp]
    exact EventuallyEq.trans (hf.preimage_ae_eq ih) hs

theorem image_zpow_ae_eq {s : Set α} {e : α ≃ α} (he : QuasiMeasurePreserving e μ μ)
    (he' : QuasiMeasurePreserving e.symm μ μ) (k : ℤ) (hs : e '' s =ᵐ[μ] s) :
    (⇑(e ^ k)) '' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
  rw [Equiv.image_eq_preimage_symm]
  obtain ⟨k, rfl | rfl⟩ := k.eq_nat_or_neg
  · replace hs : (⇑e⁻¹) ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by rwa [Equiv.image_eq_preimage_symm] at hs
    replace he' : (⇑e⁻¹)^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := he'.preimage_iterate_ae_eq k hs
    rwa [Equiv.Perm.iterate_eq_pow e⁻¹ k, inv_pow e k] at he'
  · rw [zpow_neg, zpow_natCast]
    replace hs : e ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
      convert! he.preimage_ae_eq hs.symm
      rw [Equiv.preimage_image]
    replace he : (⇑e)^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := he.preimage_iterate_ae_eq k hs
    rwa [Equiv.Perm.iterate_eq_pow e k] at he

-- Need to specify `α := Set α` below because of diamond; see https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/issues/10941
theorem limsup_preimage_iterate_ae_eq {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : limsup (α := Set α) (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) atTop =ᵐ[μ] s :=
  limsup_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) fun n ↦ by
    simpa only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq] using hf.preimage_iterate_ae_eq n hs

-- Need to specify `α := Set α` below because of diamond; see https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/issues/10941
theorem liminf_preimage_iterate_ae_eq {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : liminf (α := Set α) (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) atTop =ᵐ[μ] s :=
  liminf_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) fun n ↦ by
    simpa only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq] using hf.preimage_iterate_ae_eq n hs

/-- For a quasi-measure-preserving self-map `f`, if a null measurable set `s` is a.e. invariant,
then it is a.e. equal to a measurable invariant set.
-/
theorem exists_preimage_eq_of_preimage_ae {f : α → α} (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : NullMeasurableSet s μ) (hs' : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) :
    ∃ t : Set α, MeasurableSet t ∧ t =ᵐ[μ] s ∧ f ⁻¹' t = t := by
  obtain ⟨t, htm, ht⟩ := hs
  refine ⟨limsup (f^[·] ⁻¹' t) atTop, ?_, ?_, ?_⟩
  · exact .measurableSet_limsup fun n ↦ h.measurable.iterate n htm
  · have : f ⁻¹' t =ᵐ[μ] t := (h.preimage_ae_eq ht.symm).trans (hs'.trans ht)
    exact limsup_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq _ fun n ↦ .trans (h.preimage_iterate_ae_eq _ this) ht.symm
  · simp only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq]
    exact CompleteLatticeHom.apply_limsup_iterate (CompleteLatticeHom.setPreimage f) t

open scoped Pointwise

@[to_additive]

Target:
theorem smul_ae_eq_of_ae_eq {G α : Type*} [Group G] [MulAction G α] {_ : MeasurableSpace α}
    {s t : Set α} {μ : Measure α} (g : G)
    (h_qmp : QuasiMeasurePreserving (g⁻¹ • · : α → α) μ μ)
    (h_ae_eq : s =ᵐ[μ] t) : (g • s : Set α) =ᵐ[μ] (g • t : Set α) :=

Proof body:

[Assistant]
by
  simpa only [← preimage_smul_inv] using! h_qmp.ae_eq h_ae_eq

Prompt:
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.Measure.AbsolutelyContinuous
public import Mathlib.MeasureTheory.OuterMeasure.BorelCantelli

Namespace:
MeasureTheory.Measure.QuasiMeasurePreserving

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2017 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Mario Carneiro
-/
/-!
# Quasi-Measure-Preserving Functions

A map `f : α → β` is said to be *quasi-measure-preserving* (a.k.a. non-singular) w.r.t. measures
`μa` and `μb` if it is measurable and `μb s = 0` implies `μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0`.
That last condition can also be written `μa.map f ≪ μb` (the map of `μa` by `f` is
absolutely continuous with respect to `μb`).

## Main definitions

* `MeasureTheory.Measure.QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb`: `f` is quasi-measure-preserving with
  respect to `μa` and `μb`.

-/

public section

variable {α β γ δ : Type*}

namespace MeasureTheory

open Set Function ENNReal
open Filter hiding map

variable {mα : MeasurableSpace α} {mβ : MeasurableSpace β} {mγ : MeasurableSpace γ}
  {μ ν : Measure α} {s : Set α}

namespace Measure

/-- A map `f : α → β` is said to be *quasi-measure-preserving* (a.k.a. non-singular) w.r.t. measures
`μa` and `μb` if it is measurable and `μb s = 0` implies `μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0`. -/
@[fun_prop]
structure QuasiMeasurePreserving {m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (f : α → β)
  (μa : Measure α := by volume_tac)
  (μb : Measure β := by volume_tac) : Prop where
  protected measurable : Measurable f
  protected absolutelyContinuous : μa.map f ≪ μb

attribute [fun_prop] QuasiMeasurePreserving.measurable

namespace QuasiMeasurePreserving

@[fun_prop]
protected theorem id {_m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (μ : Measure α) : QuasiMeasurePreserving id μ μ :=
  ⟨measurable_id, map_id.absolutelyContinuous⟩

variable {μa μa' : Measure α} {μb μb' : Measure β} {μc : Measure γ} {f : α → β}

protected theorem _root_.Measurable.quasiMeasurePreserving
    {_m0 : MeasurableSpace α} (hf : Measurable f) (μ : Measure α) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ (μ.map f) :=
  ⟨hf, AbsolutelyContinuous.rfl⟩

theorem mono_left (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (ha : μa' ≪ μa) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa' μb :=
  ⟨h.1, (ha.map h.1).trans h.2⟩

theorem mono_right (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (ha : μb ≪ μb') :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb' :=
  ⟨h.1, h.2.trans ha⟩

@[gcongr, mono]
theorem mono (ha : μa' ≪ μa) (hb : μb ≪ μb') (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) :
    QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa' μb' :=
  (h.mono_left ha).mono_right hb

@[fun_prop]
protected theorem comp {g : β → γ} {f : α → β} (hg : QuasiMeasurePreserving g μb μc)
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : QuasiMeasurePreserving (g ∘ f) μa μc :=
  ⟨hg.measurable.comp hf.measurable, by
    rw [← map_map hg.1 hf.1]
    exact (hf.2.map hg.1).trans hg.2⟩

protected theorem iterate {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μa) :
    ∀ n, QuasiMeasurePreserving f^[n] μa μa
  | 0 => QuasiMeasurePreserving.id μa
  | n + 1 => (hf.iterate n).comp hf

protected theorem aemeasurable (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : AEMeasurable f μa :=
  hf.1.aemeasurable

protected theorem congr (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {f' : α → β} (hf' : Measurable f')
    (h : f =ᵐ[μa] f') : QuasiMeasurePreserving f' μa μb := by
  refine ⟨hf', ?_⟩
  rw [Measure.map_congr h.symm]
  exact hf.absolutelyContinuous

theorem smul_measure {R : Type*} [SMul R ℝ≥0∞] [IsScalarTower R ℝ≥0∞ ℝ≥0∞]
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (c : R) : QuasiMeasurePreserving f (c • μa) (c • μb) :=
  ⟨hf.1, by rw [Measure.map_smul]; exact hf.2.smul c⟩

theorem ae_map_le (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : ae (μa.map f) ≤ ae μb :=
  h.2.ae_le

theorem tendsto_ae (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : Tendsto f (ae μa) (ae μb) :=
  (tendsto_ae_map h.aemeasurable).mono_right h.ae_map_le

theorem ae (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {p : β → Prop} (hg : ∀ᵐ x ∂μb, p x) :
    ∀ᵐ x ∂μa, p (f x) :=
  h.tendsto_ae hg

@[gcongr]
theorem ae_eq (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {g₁ g₂ : β → δ} (hg : g₁ =ᵐ[μb] g₂) :
    g₁ ∘ f =ᵐ[μa] g₂ ∘ f :=
  h.ae hg

theorem preimage_null (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) {s : Set β} (hs : μb s = 0) :
    μa (f ⁻¹' s) = 0 :=
  preimage_null_of_map_null h.aemeasurable (h.2 hs)

theorem preimage_mono_ae {s t : Set β} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (h : s ≤ᵐ[μb] t) :
    f ⁻¹' s ≤ᵐ[μa] f ⁻¹' t :=
  eventually_map.mp <|
    Eventually.filter_mono (tendsto_ae_map hf.aemeasurable) (Eventually.filter_mono hf.ae_map_le h)

theorem preimage_ae_eq {s t : Set β} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) (h : s =ᵐ[μb] t) :
    f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μa] f ⁻¹' t :=
  EventuallyLE.antisymm (hf.preimage_mono_ae h.le) (hf.preimage_mono_ae h.symm.le)

/-- The preimage of a null measurable set under a (quasi-)measure-preserving map is a null
measurable set. -/
theorem _root_.MeasureTheory.NullMeasurableSet.preimage {s : Set β} (hs : NullMeasurableSet s μb)
    (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μa μb) : NullMeasurableSet (f ⁻¹' s) μa :=
  let ⟨t, htm, hst⟩ := hs
  ⟨f ⁻¹' t, hf.measurable htm, hf.preimage_ae_eq hst⟩

theorem preimage_iterate_ae_eq {s : Set α} {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ) (k : ℕ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : f^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
  induction k with
  | zero => rfl
  | succ k ih =>
    rw [iterate_succ, preimage_comp]
    exact EventuallyEq.trans (hf.preimage_ae_eq ih) hs

theorem image_zpow_ae_eq {s : Set α} {e : α ≃ α} (he : QuasiMeasurePreserving e μ μ)
    (he' : QuasiMeasurePreserving e.symm μ μ) (k : ℤ) (hs : e '' s =ᵐ[μ] s) :
    (⇑(e ^ k)) '' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
  rw [Equiv.image_eq_preimage_symm]
  obtain ⟨k, rfl | rfl⟩ := k.eq_nat_or_neg
  · replace hs : (⇑e⁻¹) ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by rwa [Equiv.image_eq_preimage_symm] at hs
    replace he' : (⇑e⁻¹)^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := he'.preimage_iterate_ae_eq k hs
    rwa [Equiv.Perm.iterate_eq_pow e⁻¹ k, inv_pow e k] at he'
  · rw [zpow_neg, zpow_natCast]
    replace hs : e ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := by
      convert! he.preimage_ae_eq hs.symm
      rw [Equiv.preimage_image]
    replace he : (⇑e)^[k] ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s := he.preimage_iterate_ae_eq k hs
    rwa [Equiv.Perm.iterate_eq_pow e k] at he

-- Need to specify `α := Set α` below because of diamond; see https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/issues/10941
theorem limsup_preimage_iterate_ae_eq {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : limsup (α := Set α) (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) atTop =ᵐ[μ] s :=
  limsup_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) fun n ↦ by
    simpa only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq] using hf.preimage_iterate_ae_eq n hs

-- Need to specify `α := Set α` below because of diamond; see https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib4/issues/10941
theorem liminf_preimage_iterate_ae_eq {f : α → α} (hf : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) : liminf (α := Set α) (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) atTop =ᵐ[μ] s :=
  liminf_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq (fun n => (preimage f)^[n] s) fun n ↦ by
    simpa only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq] using hf.preimage_iterate_ae_eq n hs

/-- For a quasi-measure-preserving self-map `f`, if a null measurable set `s` is a.e. invariant,
then it is a.e. equal to a measurable invariant set.
-/
theorem exists_preimage_eq_of_preimage_ae {f : α → α} (h : QuasiMeasurePreserving f μ μ)
    (hs : NullMeasurableSet s μ) (hs' : f ⁻¹' s =ᵐ[μ] s) :
    ∃ t : Set α, MeasurableSet t ∧ t =ᵐ[μ] s ∧ f ⁻¹' t = t := by
  obtain ⟨t, htm, ht⟩ := hs
  refine ⟨limsup (f^[·] ⁻¹' t) atTop, ?_, ?_, ?_⟩
  · exact .measurableSet_limsup fun n ↦ h.measurable.iterate n htm
  · have : f ⁻¹' t =ᵐ[μ] t := (h.preimage_ae_eq ht.symm).trans (hs'.trans ht)
    exact limsup_ae_eq_of_forall_ae_eq _ fun n ↦ .trans (h.preimage_iterate_ae_eq _ this) ht.symm
  · simp only [Set.preimage_iterate_eq]
    exact CompleteLatticeHom.apply_limsup_iterate (CompleteLatticeHom.setPreimage f) t

open scoped Pointwise

@[to_additive]

Target:
theorem smul_ae_eq_of_ae_eq {G α : Type*} [Group G] [MulAction G α] {_ : MeasurableSpace α}
    {s t : Set α} {μ : Measure α} (g : G)
    (h_qmp : QuasiMeasurePreserving (g⁻¹ • · : α → α) μ μ)
    (h_ae_eq : s =ᵐ[μ] t) : (g • s : Set α) =ᵐ[μ] (g • t : Set α) :=

Proof body:


Response:
by
  simp_rw [(neg_sub _ x).symm, isNilpotent_neg_iff]
  refine existsUnique_of_exists_of_unique ?_ fun r₁ r₂ ⟨hr₁, hr₁'⟩ ⟨hr₂, hr₂'⟩ ↦ ?_
  · -- Existence
    obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := id h
    refine ⟨P.newtonMap^[n] x, isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent h n, ?_⟩
    rw [← zero_dvd_iff, ← pow_eq_zero_of_le (n.lt_two_pow_self).le hn]
    exact aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap h h' n
  · -- Uniqueness
    have ⟨u, hu⟩ := binomExpansion (P.map (algebraMap R S)) r₁ (r₂ - r₁)
    suffices IsUnit (aeval r₁ (derivative P) + u * (r₂ - r₁)) by
      rwa [derivative_map, eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap,
        add_sub_cancel, hr₂', hr₁', zero_add, pow_two, ← mul_assoc, ← add_mul, eq_comm,
        this.mul_right_eq_zero, sub_eq_zero, eq_comm] at hu
    have : IsUnit (aeval r₁ (derivative P)) :=
      isUnit_aeval_of_isUnit_aeval_of_isNilpotent_sub h' hr₁
    rw [← sub_sub_sub_cancel_right r₂ r₁ x]
    refine IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_left_of_commute ?_ this (Commute.all _ _)
    exact (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_mul_left <| (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_sub hr₂ hr₁

[User]
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent

Namespace:
Polynomial

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2024 Oliver Nash. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Antoine Chambert-Loir, Oliver Nash
-/
/-!
# Newton-Raphson method

Given a single-variable polynomial `P` with derivative `P'`, Newton's method concerns iteration of
the rational map: `x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`.

Over a field, it can serve as a root-finding algorithm. It is also useful in proving results such
as Hensel's lemma and the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition.

## Main definitions / results:

* `Polynomial.newtonMap`: the map `x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`, where `P'` is the derivative of the
  polynomial `P`.
* `Polynomial.isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff`: `x` is a fixed point for Newton iteration iff
  it is a root of `P` (provided `P'(x)` is a unit).
* `Polynomial.existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero`: if `x` is almost a root of `P` in the
  sense that `P(x)` is nilpotent (and `P'(x)` is a unit) then we may write `x` as a sum
  `x = n + r` where `n` is nilpotent and `r` is a root of `P`. This can be used to prove the
  Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of linear endomorphisms.

-/

@[expose] public section

open Set Function

noncomputable section

namespace Polynomial

variable {R S : Type*} [CommRing R] [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] (P : R[X]) {x : S}

/-- Given a single-variable polynomial `P` with derivative `P'`, this is the map:
`x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`. When `P'(x)` is not a unit we use a junk-value pattern and send `x ↦ x`. -/
def newtonMap (x : S) : S :=
  x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * aeval x P

theorem newtonMap_apply :
    P.newtonMap x = x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * (aeval x P) :=
  rfl

variable {P}

theorem newtonMap_apply_of_isUnit (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) :
    P.newtonMap x = x - h.unit⁻¹ * aeval x P := by
  simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]

theorem newtonMap_apply_of_not_isUnit (h : ¬ (IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P))) :
    P.newtonMap x = x := by
  simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]

theorem isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent (h : IsNilpotent <| aeval x P) (n : ℕ) :
    IsNilpotent <| P.newtonMap^[n] x - x := by
  induction n with
  | zero => simp
  | succ n ih =>
    rw [iterate_succ', comp_apply, newtonMap_apply, sub_right_comm]
    refine (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_sub ih <| (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_mul_left ?_
    simpa using Commute.isNilpotent_add (Commute.all _ _)
      (isNilpotent_aeval_sub_of_isNilpotent_sub P ih) h

theorem isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_aeval_eq_zero (h : aeval x P = 0) :
    IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x := by
  rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, h, mul_zero, sub_zero]

theorem isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) :
    IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x ↔ aeval x P = 0 := by
  rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, sub_eq_self, Ring.inverse_mul_eq_iff_eq_mul _ _ _ h, mul_zero]

/-- This is really an auxiliary result, en route to
`Polynomial.existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero`. -/
theorem aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap
    (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) (n : ℕ) :
    (aeval x P) ^ (2 ^ n) ∣ aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) P := by
  induction n with
  | zero => simp
  | succ n ih =>
    have ⟨d, hd⟩ := binomExpansion (P.map (algebraMap R S)) (P.newtonMap^[n] x)
      (-Ring.inverse (aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) <| derivative P) * aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) P)
    rw [eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap] at hd
    rw [iterate_succ', comp_apply, newtonMap_apply, sub_eq_add_neg, neg_mul_eq_neg_mul, hd]
    refine dvd_add ?_ (dvd_mul_of_dvd_right ?_ _)
    · convert! dvd_zero _
      have : IsUnit (aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) <| derivative P) :=
        isUnit_aeval_of_isUnit_aeval_of_isNilpotent_sub h' <|
        isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent h n
      rw [derivative_map, eval_map_algebraMap, ← mul_assoc, mul_neg, Ring.mul_inverse_cancel _ this,
        neg_mul, one_mul, add_neg_cancel]
    · rw [neg_mul, even_two.neg_pow, mul_pow, pow_succ, pow_mul]
      exact dvd_mul_of_dvd_right (pow_dvd_pow_of_dvd ih 2) _

/-- If `x` is almost a root of `P` in the sense that `P(x)` is nilpotent (and `P'(x)` is a
unit) then we may write `x` as a sum `x = n + r` where `n` is nilpotent and `r` is a root of `P`.
Moreover, `n` and `r` are unique.

This can be used to prove the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of linear endomorphisms. -/

Target:
theorem existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero
    (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) :
    ∃! r, IsNilpotent (x - r) ∧ aeval r P = 0 :=

Proof body:

[Assistant]
by
  simp_rw [(neg_sub _ x).symm, isNilpotent_neg_iff]
  refine existsUnique_of_exists_of_unique ?_ fun r₁ r₂ ⟨hr₁, hr₁'⟩ ⟨hr₂, hr₂'⟩ ↦ ?_
  · -- Existence
    obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := id h
    refine ⟨P.newtonMap^[n] x, isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent h n, ?_⟩
    rw [← zero_dvd_iff, ← pow_eq_zero_of_le (n.lt_two_pow_self).le hn]
    exact aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap h h' n
  · -- Uniqueness
    have ⟨u, hu⟩ := binomExpansion (P.map (algebraMap R S)) r₁ (r₂ - r₁)
    suffices IsUnit (aeval r₁ (derivative P) + u * (r₂ - r₁)) by
      rwa [derivative_map, eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap,
        add_sub_cancel, hr₂', hr₁', zero_add, pow_two, ← mul_assoc, ← add_mul, eq_comm,
        this.mul_right_eq_zero, sub_eq_zero, eq_comm] at hu
    have : IsUnit (aeval r₁ (derivative P)) :=
      isUnit_aeval_of_isUnit_aeval_of_isNilpotent_sub h' hr₁
    rw [← sub_sub_sub_cancel_right r₂ r₁ x]
    refine IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_left_of_commute ?_ this (Commute.all _ _)
    exact (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_mul_left <| (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_sub hr₂ hr₁

Prompt:
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Polynomial.Nilpotent

Namespace:
Polynomial

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2024 Oliver Nash. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Antoine Chambert-Loir, Oliver Nash
-/
/-!
# Newton-Raphson method

Given a single-variable polynomial `P` with derivative `P'`, Newton's method concerns iteration of
the rational map: `x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`.

Over a field, it can serve as a root-finding algorithm. It is also useful in proving results such
as Hensel's lemma and the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition.

## Main definitions / results:

* `Polynomial.newtonMap`: the map `x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`, where `P'` is the derivative of the
  polynomial `P`.
* `Polynomial.isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff`: `x` is a fixed point for Newton iteration iff
  it is a root of `P` (provided `P'(x)` is a unit).
* `Polynomial.existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero`: if `x` is almost a root of `P` in the
  sense that `P(x)` is nilpotent (and `P'(x)` is a unit) then we may write `x` as a sum
  `x = n + r` where `n` is nilpotent and `r` is a root of `P`. This can be used to prove the
  Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of linear endomorphisms.

-/

@[expose] public section

open Set Function

noncomputable section

namespace Polynomial

variable {R S : Type*} [CommRing R] [CommRing S] [Algebra R S] (P : R[X]) {x : S}

/-- Given a single-variable polynomial `P` with derivative `P'`, this is the map:
`x ↦ x - P(x) / P'(x)`. When `P'(x)` is not a unit we use a junk-value pattern and send `x ↦ x`. -/
def newtonMap (x : S) : S :=
  x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * aeval x P

theorem newtonMap_apply :
    P.newtonMap x = x - (Ring.inverse <| aeval x (derivative P)) * (aeval x P) :=
  rfl

variable {P}

theorem newtonMap_apply_of_isUnit (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) :
    P.newtonMap x = x - h.unit⁻¹ * aeval x P := by
  simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]

theorem newtonMap_apply_of_not_isUnit (h : ¬ (IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P))) :
    P.newtonMap x = x := by
  simp [newtonMap_apply, Ring.inverse, h]

theorem isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent (h : IsNilpotent <| aeval x P) (n : ℕ) :
    IsNilpotent <| P.newtonMap^[n] x - x := by
  induction n with
  | zero => simp
  | succ n ih =>
    rw [iterate_succ', comp_apply, newtonMap_apply, sub_right_comm]
    refine (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_sub ih <| (Commute.all _ _).isNilpotent_mul_left ?_
    simpa using Commute.isNilpotent_add (Commute.all _ _)
      (isNilpotent_aeval_sub_of_isNilpotent_sub P ih) h

theorem isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_aeval_eq_zero (h : aeval x P = 0) :
    IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x := by
  rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, h, mul_zero, sub_zero]

theorem isFixedPt_newtonMap_of_isUnit_iff (h : IsUnit <| aeval x (derivative P)) :
    IsFixedPt P.newtonMap x ↔ aeval x P = 0 := by
  rw [IsFixedPt, newtonMap_apply, sub_eq_self, Ring.inverse_mul_eq_iff_eq_mul _ _ _ h, mul_zero]

/-- This is really an auxiliary result, en route to
`Polynomial.existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero`. -/
theorem aeval_pow_two_pow_dvd_aeval_iterate_newtonMap
    (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) (n : ℕ) :
    (aeval x P) ^ (2 ^ n) ∣ aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) P := by
  induction n with
  | zero => simp
  | succ n ih =>
    have ⟨d, hd⟩ := binomExpansion (P.map (algebraMap R S)) (P.newtonMap^[n] x)
      (-Ring.inverse (aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) <| derivative P) * aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) P)
    rw [eval_map_algebraMap, eval_map_algebraMap] at hd
    rw [iterate_succ', comp_apply, newtonMap_apply, sub_eq_add_neg, neg_mul_eq_neg_mul, hd]
    refine dvd_add ?_ (dvd_mul_of_dvd_right ?_ _)
    · convert! dvd_zero _
      have : IsUnit (aeval (P.newtonMap^[n] x) <| derivative P) :=
        isUnit_aeval_of_isUnit_aeval_of_isNilpotent_sub h' <|
        isNilpotent_iterate_newtonMap_sub_of_isNilpotent h n
      rw [derivative_map, eval_map_algebraMap, ← mul_assoc, mul_neg, Ring.mul_inverse_cancel _ this,
        neg_mul, one_mul, add_neg_cancel]
    · rw [neg_mul, even_two.neg_pow, mul_pow, pow_succ, pow_mul]
      exact dvd_mul_of_dvd_right (pow_dvd_pow_of_dvd ih 2) _

/-- If `x` is almost a root of `P` in the sense that `P(x)` is nilpotent (and `P'(x)` is a
unit) then we may write `x` as a sum `x = n + r` where `n` is nilpotent and `r` is a root of `P`.
Moreover, `n` and `r` are unique.

This can be used to prove the Jordan-Chevalley decomposition of linear endomorphisms. -/

Target:
theorem existsUnique_nilpotent_sub_and_aeval_eq_zero
    (h : IsNilpotent (aeval x P)) (h' : IsUnit (aeval x <| derivative P)) :
    ∃! r, IsNilpotent (x - r) ∧ aeval r P = 0 :=

Proof body:


<LEAN_FILE>:101:43: error: unsolved goals
R : Type u
A : Type v
inst✝² : CommSemiring R
inst✝¹ : Semiring A
inst✝ : HopfAlgebra R A
⊢ False

Response:
by
  simpa [Algebra.TensorProduct.one_def] using mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (R := R) (1 : A)

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Bialgebra.Basic
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Coalgebra.Convolution

Namespace:
HopfAlgebra

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Ramsey. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Ali Ramsey
-/
/-!
# Hopf algebras

In this file we define `HopfAlgebra`, and provide instances for:

* Commutative semirings: `CommSemiring.toHopfAlgebra`

## Main definitions

* `HopfAlgebra R A` : the Hopf algebra structure on an `R`-bialgebra `A`.
* `HopfAlgebra.antipode` : the `R`-linear map `A →ₗ[R] A`.
* `HopfAlgebra.ofConvInverse` : construct a Hopf algebra from a two-sided convolution inverse
  of the identity.
* `HopfAlgebra.ofAlgHom` : the same for commutative `A`, with `AlgHom` hypotheses.

## Main results

* `HopfAlgebra.antipode_one` : the antipode of the unit is the unit.
* `HopfAlgebra.antipode_mul` : the antipode is an antihomomorphism: `S(ab) = S(b)S(a)`.

## TODO

* Uniqueness of Hopf algebra structure on a bialgebra (i.e. if the algebra and coalgebra structures
  agree then the antipodes must also agree).

* If `A` is commutative then `antipode` is an algebra homomorphism.

* If `A` is commutative then `antipode` is necessarily a bijection and its square is
  the identity.

(Note that all three facts have been proved for Hopf bimonoids in an arbitrary braided category,
so we could deduce the facts here from an equivalence `HopfAlgCat R ≌ Hopf (ModuleCat R)`.)

## References

* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf_algebra>

* [C. Kassel, *Quantum Groups* (§III.3)][Kassel1995]

-/

public section

open Bialgebra

universe u v w

/-- Isolates the antipode of a Hopf algebra, to allow API to be constructed before proving the
Hopf algebra axioms. See `HopfAlgebra` for documentation. -/
class HopfAlgebraStruct (R : Type u) (A : Type v) [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A]
    extends Bialgebra R A where
  /-- The antipode of the Hopf algebra. -/
  antipode (R) : A →ₗ[R] A

/-- A Hopf algebra over a commutative (semi)ring `R` is a bialgebra over `R` equipped with an
`R`-linear endomorphism `antipode` satisfying the antipode axioms. -/
class HopfAlgebra (R : Type u) (A : Type v) [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A] extends
    HopfAlgebraStruct R A where
  /-- One of the antipode axioms for a Hopf algebra. -/
  mul_antipode_rTensor_comul :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ∘ₗ antipode.rTensor A ∘ₗ comul = (Algebra.linearMap R A) ∘ₗ counit
  /-- One of the antipode axioms for a Hopf algebra. -/
  mul_antipode_lTensor_comul :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ∘ₗ antipode.lTensor A ∘ₗ comul = (Algebra.linearMap R A) ∘ₗ counit

namespace HopfAlgebra

export HopfAlgebraStruct (antipode)

variable {R : Type u} {A : Type v} {ι : Type*} [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A] [HopfAlgebra R A]
  {a : A}

@[simp]
theorem mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (a : A) :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ((antipode R).rTensor A (Coalgebra.comul a)) =
    algebraMap R A (Coalgebra.counit a) :=
  LinearMap.congr_fun mul_antipode_rTensor_comul a

@[simp]
theorem mul_antipode_lTensor_comul_apply (a : A) :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ((antipode R).lTensor A (Coalgebra.comul a)) =
    algebraMap R A (Coalgebra.counit a) :=
  LinearMap.congr_fun mul_antipode_lTensor_comul a

@[simp]

Target:
theorem antipode_one :
    HopfAlgebra.antipode R (1 : A) = 1 :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_plan_5e994010b2 : False := by
    skip
  simpa [Algebra.TensorProduct.one_def] using mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (R := R) (1 : A)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unsolved_goals_multistep_planning", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:101:43: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u\nA : Type v\ninst✝² : CommSemiring R\ninst✝¹ : Semiring A\ninst✝ : HopfAlgebra R A\n⊢ False", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  simpa [Algebra.TensorProduct.one_def] using mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (R := R) (1 : A)

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Bialgebra.Basic
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Coalgebra.Convolution

Namespace:
HopfAlgebra

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2024 Ali Ramsey. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Ali Ramsey
-/
/-!
# Hopf algebras

In this file we define `HopfAlgebra`, and provide instances for:

* Commutative semirings: `CommSemiring.toHopfAlgebra`

## Main definitions

* `HopfAlgebra R A` : the Hopf algebra structure on an `R`-bialgebra `A`.
* `HopfAlgebra.antipode` : the `R`-linear map `A →ₗ[R] A`.
* `HopfAlgebra.ofConvInverse` : construct a Hopf algebra from a two-sided convolution inverse
  of the identity.
* `HopfAlgebra.ofAlgHom` : the same for commutative `A`, with `AlgHom` hypotheses.

## Main results

* `HopfAlgebra.antipode_one` : the antipode of the unit is the unit.
* `HopfAlgebra.antipode_mul` : the antipode is an antihomomorphism: `S(ab) = S(b)S(a)`.

## TODO

* Uniqueness of Hopf algebra structure on a bialgebra (i.e. if the algebra and coalgebra structures
  agree then the antipodes must also agree).

* If `A` is commutative then `antipode` is an algebra homomorphism.

* If `A` is commutative then `antipode` is necessarily a bijection and its square is
  the identity.

(Note that all three facts have been proved for Hopf bimonoids in an arbitrary braided category,
so we could deduce the facts here from an equivalence `HopfAlgCat R ≌ Hopf (ModuleCat R)`.)

## References

* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf_algebra>

* [C. Kassel, *Quantum Groups* (§III.3)][Kassel1995]

-/

public section

open Bialgebra

universe u v w

/-- Isolates the antipode of a Hopf algebra, to allow API to be constructed before proving the
Hopf algebra axioms. See `HopfAlgebra` for documentation. -/
class HopfAlgebraStruct (R : Type u) (A : Type v) [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A]
    extends Bialgebra R A where
  /-- The antipode of the Hopf algebra. -/
  antipode (R) : A →ₗ[R] A

/-- A Hopf algebra over a commutative (semi)ring `R` is a bialgebra over `R` equipped with an
`R`-linear endomorphism `antipode` satisfying the antipode axioms. -/
class HopfAlgebra (R : Type u) (A : Type v) [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A] extends
    HopfAlgebraStruct R A where
  /-- One of the antipode axioms for a Hopf algebra. -/
  mul_antipode_rTensor_comul :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ∘ₗ antipode.rTensor A ∘ₗ comul = (Algebra.linearMap R A) ∘ₗ counit
  /-- One of the antipode axioms for a Hopf algebra. -/
  mul_antipode_lTensor_comul :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ∘ₗ antipode.lTensor A ∘ₗ comul = (Algebra.linearMap R A) ∘ₗ counit

namespace HopfAlgebra

export HopfAlgebraStruct (antipode)

variable {R : Type u} {A : Type v} {ι : Type*} [CommSemiring R] [Semiring A] [HopfAlgebra R A]
  {a : A}

@[simp]
theorem mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (a : A) :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ((antipode R).rTensor A (Coalgebra.comul a)) =
    algebraMap R A (Coalgebra.counit a) :=
  LinearMap.congr_fun mul_antipode_rTensor_comul a

@[simp]
theorem mul_antipode_lTensor_comul_apply (a : A) :
    LinearMap.mul' R A ((antipode R).lTensor A (Coalgebra.comul a)) =
    algebraMap R A (Coalgebra.counit a) :=
  LinearMap.congr_fun mul_antipode_lTensor_comul a

@[simp]

Target:
theorem antipode_one :
    HopfAlgebra.antipode R (1 : A) = 1 :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_plan_5e994010b2 : False := by
    skip
  simpa [Algebra.TensorProduct.one_def] using mul_antipode_rTensor_comul_apply (R := R) (1 : A)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unsolved_goals_multistep_planning", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:101:43: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u\nA : Type v\ninst✝² : CommSemiring R\ninst✝¹ : Semiring A\ninst✝ : HopfAlgebra R A\n⊢ False", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


<LEAN_FILE>:101:41: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class
  Fact False

Hint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.

Response: by simpa using (Quotient.eq' p : mk x = 0 ↔ _)

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Module.Equiv.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Module.Submodule.Defs
public import Mathlib.GroupTheory.QuotientGroup.Defs
public import Mathlib.Logic.Small.Basic

Namespace:
Submodule.Quotient

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2017 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Mario Carneiro, Kevin Buzzard, Yury Kudryashov
-/
/-!
# Quotients by submodules

* If `p` is a submodule of `M`, `M ⧸ p` is the quotient of `M` with respect to `p`:
  that is, elements of `M` are identified if their difference is in `p`. This is itself a module.

## Main definitions

* `Submodule.Quotient.mk`: a function sending an element of `M` to `M ⧸ p`
* `Submodule.Quotient.module`: `M ⧸ p` is a module
* `Submodule.Quotient.mkQ`: a linear map sending an element of `M` to `M ⧸ p`
* `Submodule.quotEquivOfEq`: if `p` and `p'` are equal, their quotients are equivalent

-/

@[expose] public section

-- For most of this file we work over a noncommutative ring
section Ring

namespace Submodule

variable {R M : Type*} {r : R} {x y : M} [Ring R] [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M]
variable (p p' : Submodule R M)

open QuotientAddGroup

/-- The equivalence relation associated to a submodule `p`, defined by `x ≈ y` iff `-x + y ∈ p`.

Note this is equivalent to `y - x ∈ p`, but defined this way to be defeq to the `AddSubgroup`
version, where commutativity can't be assumed. -/
def quotientRel : Setoid M :=
  QuotientAddGroup.leftRel p.toAddSubgroup

theorem quotientRel_def {x y : M} : p.quotientRel x y ↔ x - y ∈ p :=
  Iff.trans
    (by
      rw [quotientRel, leftRel_apply, sub_eq_add_neg, neg_add, neg_neg]
      rfl)
    neg_mem_iff

/-- The quotient of a module `M` by a submodule `p ⊆ M`. -/
instance hasQuotient : HasQuotient M (Submodule R M) :=
  ⟨fun p => Quotient (quotientRel p)⟩

namespace Quotient
/-- Map associating to an element of `M` the corresponding element of `M/p`,
when `p` is a submodule of `M`. -/
def mk {p : Submodule R M} : M → M ⧸ p :=
  Quotient.mk''

theorem mk'_eq_mk' {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) :
    @Quotient.mk' _ (quotientRel p) x = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem mk''_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) : (Quotient.mk'' x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem quot_mk_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) : (Quot.mk _ x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem quotientAddGroupMk_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) :
    (QuotientAddGroup.mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

protected theorem eq' {x y : M} : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk y ↔ -x + y ∈ p :=
  QuotientAddGroup.eq

protected theorem eq {x y : M} : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk y ↔ x - y ∈ p :=
  (Submodule.Quotient.eq' p).trans (leftRel_apply.symm.trans p.quotientRel_def)

instance : Zero (M ⧸ p) where
  -- Use Quotient.mk'' instead of mk here because mk is not reducible.
  -- This would lead to non-defeq diamonds.
  -- See also the same comment at the One instance for Con.
  zero := Quotient.mk'' 0

instance : Inhabited (M ⧸ p) :=
  ⟨0⟩

@[simp]
theorem mk_zero : mk 0 = (0 : M ⧸ p) :=
  rfl

@[simp]

Target:
theorem mk_eq_zero : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = 0 ↔ x ∈ p :=

Failed candidate:
by
 let __repair_b1c658a58a : Fact False := inferInstance
 simpa using (Quotient.eq' p : mk x = 0 ↔ _)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "typeclass_synthesis", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:101:41: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class\n  Fact False\n\nHint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant] by simpa using (Quotient.eq' p : mk x = 0 ↔ _)

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Module.Equiv.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Module.Submodule.Defs
public import Mathlib.GroupTheory.QuotientGroup.Defs
public import Mathlib.Logic.Small.Basic

Namespace:
Submodule.Quotient

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2017 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Mario Carneiro, Kevin Buzzard, Yury Kudryashov
-/
/-!
# Quotients by submodules

* If `p` is a submodule of `M`, `M ⧸ p` is the quotient of `M` with respect to `p`:
  that is, elements of `M` are identified if their difference is in `p`. This is itself a module.

## Main definitions

* `Submodule.Quotient.mk`: a function sending an element of `M` to `M ⧸ p`
* `Submodule.Quotient.module`: `M ⧸ p` is a module
* `Submodule.Quotient.mkQ`: a linear map sending an element of `M` to `M ⧸ p`
* `Submodule.quotEquivOfEq`: if `p` and `p'` are equal, their quotients are equivalent

-/

@[expose] public section

-- For most of this file we work over a noncommutative ring
section Ring

namespace Submodule

variable {R M : Type*} {r : R} {x y : M} [Ring R] [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M]
variable (p p' : Submodule R M)

open QuotientAddGroup

/-- The equivalence relation associated to a submodule `p`, defined by `x ≈ y` iff `-x + y ∈ p`.

Note this is equivalent to `y - x ∈ p`, but defined this way to be defeq to the `AddSubgroup`
version, where commutativity can't be assumed. -/
def quotientRel : Setoid M :=
  QuotientAddGroup.leftRel p.toAddSubgroup

theorem quotientRel_def {x y : M} : p.quotientRel x y ↔ x - y ∈ p :=
  Iff.trans
    (by
      rw [quotientRel, leftRel_apply, sub_eq_add_neg, neg_add, neg_neg]
      rfl)
    neg_mem_iff

/-- The quotient of a module `M` by a submodule `p ⊆ M`. -/
instance hasQuotient : HasQuotient M (Submodule R M) :=
  ⟨fun p => Quotient (quotientRel p)⟩

namespace Quotient
/-- Map associating to an element of `M` the corresponding element of `M/p`,
when `p` is a submodule of `M`. -/
def mk {p : Submodule R M} : M → M ⧸ p :=
  Quotient.mk''

theorem mk'_eq_mk' {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) :
    @Quotient.mk' _ (quotientRel p) x = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem mk''_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) : (Quotient.mk'' x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem quot_mk_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) : (Quot.mk _ x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

theorem quotientAddGroupMk_eq_mk {p : Submodule R M} (x : M) :
    (QuotientAddGroup.mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk x :=
  rfl

protected theorem eq' {x y : M} : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk y ↔ -x + y ∈ p :=
  QuotientAddGroup.eq

protected theorem eq {x y : M} : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = mk y ↔ x - y ∈ p :=
  (Submodule.Quotient.eq' p).trans (leftRel_apply.symm.trans p.quotientRel_def)

instance : Zero (M ⧸ p) where
  -- Use Quotient.mk'' instead of mk here because mk is not reducible.
  -- This would lead to non-defeq diamonds.
  -- See also the same comment at the One instance for Con.
  zero := Quotient.mk'' 0

instance : Inhabited (M ⧸ p) :=
  ⟨0⟩

@[simp]
theorem mk_zero : mk 0 = (0 : M ⧸ p) :=
  rfl

@[simp]

Target:
theorem mk_eq_zero : (mk x : M ⧸ p) = 0 ↔ x ∈ p :=

Failed candidate:
by
 let __repair_b1c658a58a : Fact False := inferInstance
 simpa using (Quotient.eq' p : mk x = 0 ↔ _)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "typeclass_synthesis", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:101:41: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class\n  Fact False\n\nHint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


<LEAN_FILE>:100:42: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class
  Fact False

Hint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.

Response:
by
  rw [UniformSpace.mem_nhds_iff]
  constructor
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩
    rw [IsUltraUniformity.hasBasis.mem_iff'] at V_in
    obtain ⟨U, ⟨U_in, U_sym, U_trans⟩, U_sub⟩ := V_in
    refine ⟨U, U_in, U_sym, U_trans, (UniformSpace.ball_mono U_sub _).trans V_sub⟩
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, _, _, V_sub⟩
    exact ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Topology.UniformSpace.Defs
public import Mathlib.Topology.Bases

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2025 Yakov Pechersky. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Yakov Pechersky
-/
/-!
# Ultrametric (nonarchimedean) uniform spaces

Ultrametric (nonarchimedean) uniform spaces are ones that generalize ultrametric spaces by
having a uniformity based on equivalence relations.

## Main definitions

In this file we define `IsUltraUniformity`, a Prop mixin typeclass.

## Main results

* `TopologicalSpace.isTopologicalBasis_clopens`: a uniform space with a nonarchimedean uniformity
  has a topological basis of clopen sets in the topology, meaning that it is topologically
  zero-dimensional.

## Implementation notes

As in the `Mathlib/Topology/UniformSpace/Defs.lean` file, we do not reuse `Mathlib/Data/Rel.lean`
but rather extend the relation properties as needed.

## TODOs

* Prove that `IsUltraUniformity` iff metrizable by `IsUltrametricDist` on a `PseudoMetricSpace`
  under a countable system/basis condition
* Generalize `IsUltrametricDist` to `IsUltrametricUniformity`
* Provide `IsUltraUniformity` for the uniformity in a `Valued` ring
* Generalize results about open/closed balls and spheres in `IsUltraUniformity` to
  combine applications for `MetricSpace.ball` and valued "balls"
* Use `IsUltraUniformity` to work with profinite/totally separated spaces

## References

* [D. Windisch, *Equivalent characterizations of non-Archimedean uniform spaces*][windisch2021]
* [A. C. M. van Rooij, *Non-Archimedean uniformities*][vanrooij1970]

-/

@[expose] public section

open Set Filter Topology
open scoped SetRel Uniformity

variable {X : Type*}

lemma IsTransitiveRel.prod_subset_trans {s : SetRel X X} {t u v : Set X} [s.IsTrans]
    (htu : t ×ˢ u ⊆ s) (huv : u ×ˢ v ⊆ s) (hu : u.Nonempty) :
    t ×ˢ v ⊆ s := by
  rintro ⟨a, b⟩ hab
  simp only [mem_prod] at hab
  obtain ⟨x, hx⟩ := hu
  exact s.trans (@htu ⟨a, x⟩ ⟨hab.left, hx⟩) (@huv ⟨x, b⟩ ⟨hx, hab.right⟩)

lemma IsTransitiveRel.mem_filter_prod_trans {s : SetRel X X} {f g h : Filter X} [g.NeBot]
    [s.IsTrans] (hfg : s ∈ f ×ˢ g) (hgh : s ∈ g ×ˢ h) :
    s ∈ f ×ˢ h :=
  Eventually.trans_prod (p := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s)) (q := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s))
    (r := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s)) hfg hgh fun _ _ _ ↦ s.trans

open UniformSpace

lemma ball_subset_of_mem {V : SetRel X X} [V.IsTrans] {x y : X} (hy : y ∈ ball x V) :
    ball y V ⊆ ball x V :=
  ball_subset_of_comp_subset hy SetRel.comp_subset_self

lemma ball_eq_of_mem {V : SetRel X X} [V.IsSymm] [V.IsTrans] {x y : X} (hy : y ∈ ball x V) :
    ball x V = ball y V := by
  refine le_antisymm (ball_subset_of_mem ?_) (ball_subset_of_mem hy)
  rwa [← mem_ball_symmetry]

variable [UniformSpace X]

variable (X) in
/-- A uniform space is ultrametric if the uniformity `𝓤 X` has a basis of equivalence relations. -/
class IsUltraUniformity : Prop where
  hasBasis : (𝓤 X).HasBasis
    (fun s : SetRel X X => s ∈ 𝓤 X ∧ SetRel.IsSymm s ∧ SetRel.IsTrans s) id

lemma IsUltraUniformity.mk_of_hasBasis {ι : Type*} {p : ι → Prop} {s : ι → SetRel X X}
    (h_basis : (𝓤 X).HasBasis p s) (h_symm : ∀ i, p i → SetRel.IsSymm (s i))
    (h_trans : ∀ i, p i → SetRel.IsTrans (s i)) :
    IsUltraUniformity X where
  hasBasis := h_basis.to_hasBasis'
    (fun i hi ↦ ⟨s i, ⟨h_basis.mem_of_mem hi, h_symm i hi, h_trans i hi⟩, subset_rfl⟩)
    (fun _ hs ↦ hs.1)

Target:
lemma IsUltraUniformity.mem_nhds_iff_symm_trans [IsUltraUniformity X] {x : X} {s : Set X} :
    s ∈ 𝓝 x ↔ ∃ V ∈ 𝓤 X, SetRel.IsSymm V ∧ SetRel.IsTrans V ∧ UniformSpace.ball x V ⊆ s :=

Failed candidate:
by
  let __repair_24045f0863 : Fact False := inferInstance
  rw [UniformSpace.mem_nhds_iff]
  constructor
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩
    rw [IsUltraUniformity.hasBasis.mem_iff'] at V_in
    obtain ⟨U, ⟨U_in, U_sym, U_trans⟩, U_sub⟩ := V_in
    refine ⟨U, U_in, U_sym, U_trans, (UniformSpace.ball_mono U_sub _).trans V_sub⟩
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, _, _, V_sub⟩
    exact ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "typeclass_synthesis", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:100:42: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class\n  Fact False\n\nHint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  rw [UniformSpace.mem_nhds_iff]
  constructor
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩
    rw [IsUltraUniformity.hasBasis.mem_iff'] at V_in
    obtain ⟨U, ⟨U_in, U_sym, U_trans⟩, U_sub⟩ := V_in
    refine ⟨U, U_in, U_sym, U_trans, (UniformSpace.ball_mono U_sub _).trans V_sub⟩
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, _, _, V_sub⟩
    exact ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Topology.UniformSpace.Defs
public import Mathlib.Topology.Bases

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2025 Yakov Pechersky. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Yakov Pechersky
-/
/-!
# Ultrametric (nonarchimedean) uniform spaces

Ultrametric (nonarchimedean) uniform spaces are ones that generalize ultrametric spaces by
having a uniformity based on equivalence relations.

## Main definitions

In this file we define `IsUltraUniformity`, a Prop mixin typeclass.

## Main results

* `TopologicalSpace.isTopologicalBasis_clopens`: a uniform space with a nonarchimedean uniformity
  has a topological basis of clopen sets in the topology, meaning that it is topologically
  zero-dimensional.

## Implementation notes

As in the `Mathlib/Topology/UniformSpace/Defs.lean` file, we do not reuse `Mathlib/Data/Rel.lean`
but rather extend the relation properties as needed.

## TODOs

* Prove that `IsUltraUniformity` iff metrizable by `IsUltrametricDist` on a `PseudoMetricSpace`
  under a countable system/basis condition
* Generalize `IsUltrametricDist` to `IsUltrametricUniformity`
* Provide `IsUltraUniformity` for the uniformity in a `Valued` ring
* Generalize results about open/closed balls and spheres in `IsUltraUniformity` to
  combine applications for `MetricSpace.ball` and valued "balls"
* Use `IsUltraUniformity` to work with profinite/totally separated spaces

## References

* [D. Windisch, *Equivalent characterizations of non-Archimedean uniform spaces*][windisch2021]
* [A. C. M. van Rooij, *Non-Archimedean uniformities*][vanrooij1970]

-/

@[expose] public section

open Set Filter Topology
open scoped SetRel Uniformity

variable {X : Type*}

lemma IsTransitiveRel.prod_subset_trans {s : SetRel X X} {t u v : Set X} [s.IsTrans]
    (htu : t ×ˢ u ⊆ s) (huv : u ×ˢ v ⊆ s) (hu : u.Nonempty) :
    t ×ˢ v ⊆ s := by
  rintro ⟨a, b⟩ hab
  simp only [mem_prod] at hab
  obtain ⟨x, hx⟩ := hu
  exact s.trans (@htu ⟨a, x⟩ ⟨hab.left, hx⟩) (@huv ⟨x, b⟩ ⟨hx, hab.right⟩)

lemma IsTransitiveRel.mem_filter_prod_trans {s : SetRel X X} {f g h : Filter X} [g.NeBot]
    [s.IsTrans] (hfg : s ∈ f ×ˢ g) (hgh : s ∈ g ×ˢ h) :
    s ∈ f ×ˢ h :=
  Eventually.trans_prod (p := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s)) (q := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s))
    (r := (fun x y ↦ (x, y) ∈ s)) hfg hgh fun _ _ _ ↦ s.trans

open UniformSpace

lemma ball_subset_of_mem {V : SetRel X X} [V.IsTrans] {x y : X} (hy : y ∈ ball x V) :
    ball y V ⊆ ball x V :=
  ball_subset_of_comp_subset hy SetRel.comp_subset_self

lemma ball_eq_of_mem {V : SetRel X X} [V.IsSymm] [V.IsTrans] {x y : X} (hy : y ∈ ball x V) :
    ball x V = ball y V := by
  refine le_antisymm (ball_subset_of_mem ?_) (ball_subset_of_mem hy)
  rwa [← mem_ball_symmetry]

variable [UniformSpace X]

variable (X) in
/-- A uniform space is ultrametric if the uniformity `𝓤 X` has a basis of equivalence relations. -/
class IsUltraUniformity : Prop where
  hasBasis : (𝓤 X).HasBasis
    (fun s : SetRel X X => s ∈ 𝓤 X ∧ SetRel.IsSymm s ∧ SetRel.IsTrans s) id

lemma IsUltraUniformity.mk_of_hasBasis {ι : Type*} {p : ι → Prop} {s : ι → SetRel X X}
    (h_basis : (𝓤 X).HasBasis p s) (h_symm : ∀ i, p i → SetRel.IsSymm (s i))
    (h_trans : ∀ i, p i → SetRel.IsTrans (s i)) :
    IsUltraUniformity X where
  hasBasis := h_basis.to_hasBasis'
    (fun i hi ↦ ⟨s i, ⟨h_basis.mem_of_mem hi, h_symm i hi, h_trans i hi⟩, subset_rfl⟩)
    (fun _ hs ↦ hs.1)

Target:
lemma IsUltraUniformity.mem_nhds_iff_symm_trans [IsUltraUniformity X] {x : X} {s : Set X} :
    s ∈ 𝓝 x ↔ ∃ V ∈ 𝓤 X, SetRel.IsSymm V ∧ SetRel.IsTrans V ∧ UniformSpace.ball x V ⊆ s :=

Failed candidate:
by
  let __repair_24045f0863 : Fact False := inferInstance
  rw [UniformSpace.mem_nhds_iff]
  constructor
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩
    rw [IsUltraUniformity.hasBasis.mem_iff'] at V_in
    obtain ⟨U, ⟨U_in, U_sym, U_trans⟩, U_sub⟩ := V_in
    refine ⟨U, U_in, U_sym, U_trans, (UniformSpace.ball_mono U_sub _).trans V_sub⟩
  · rintro ⟨V, V_in, _, _, V_sub⟩
    exact ⟨V, V_in, V_sub⟩

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "typeclass_synthesis", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:100:42: error(lean.synthInstanceFailed): failed to synthesize instance of type class\n  Fact False\n\nHint: Type class instance resolution failures can be inspected with the `set_option trace.Meta.synthInstance true` command.", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


Response:
by
  unfold partialSum
  fun_prop

[User]
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FormalMultilinearSeries
public import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecificLimits.Normed

Namespace:
FormalMultilinearSeries

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2020 Sébastien Gouëzel. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Sébastien Gouëzel, Yury Kudryashov
-/
/-!
# Radius of convergence of a power series

This file introduces the notion of the radius of convergence of a power series.

## Main definitions

Let `p` be a formal multilinear series from `E` to `F`, i.e., `p n` is a multilinear map on `E^n`
for `n : ℕ`.

* `p.radius`: the largest `r : ℝ≥0∞` such that `‖p n‖ * r^n` grows subexponentially.
* `p.le_radius_of_bound`, `p.le_radius_of_bound_nnreal`, `p.le_radius_of_isBigO`: if `‖p n‖ * r ^ n`
  is bounded above, then `r ≤ p.radius`;
* `p.isLittleO_of_lt_radius`, `p.norm_mul_pow_le_mul_pow_of_lt_radius`,
  `p.isLittleO_one_of_lt_radius`,
  `p.norm_mul_pow_le_of_lt_radius`, `p.nnnorm_mul_pow_le_of_lt_radius`: if `r < p.radius`, then
  `‖p n‖ * r ^ n` tends to zero exponentially;
* `p.lt_radius_of_isBigO`: if `r ≠ 0` and `‖p n‖ * r ^ n = O(a ^ n)` for some `-1 < a < 1`, then
  `r < p.radius`;
* `p.partialSum n x`: the sum `∑_{i = 0}^{n-1} pᵢ xⁱ`.
* `p.sum x`: the sum `∑'_{i = 0}^{∞} pᵢ xⁱ`.

## Implementation details

We only introduce the radius of convergence of a power series, as `p.radius`.
For a power series in finitely many dimensions, there is a finer (directional, coordinate-dependent)
notion, describing the polydisk of convergence. This notion is more specific, and not necessary to
build the general theory. We do not define it here.
-/

@[expose] public section

noncomputable section

variable {𝕜 E F G : Type*}

open Topology NNReal Filter ENNReal Set Asymptotics
open scoped Pointwise

namespace FormalMultilinearSeries

variable [Semiring 𝕜] [AddCommMonoid E] [AddCommMonoid F] [Module 𝕜 E] [Module 𝕜 F]
variable [TopologicalSpace E] [TopologicalSpace F]
variable [ContinuousAdd E] [ContinuousAdd F]
variable [ContinuousConstSMul 𝕜 E] [ContinuousConstSMul 𝕜 F]

/-- Given a formal multilinear series `p` and a vector `x`, then `p.sum x` is the sum `Σ pₙ xⁿ`. A
priori, it only behaves well when `‖x‖ < p.radius`. -/
protected def sum (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (x : E) : F :=
  ∑' n : ℕ, p n fun _ => x

theorem sum_mem {S : Type*} {s : S} [SetLike S F] [AddSubmonoidClass S F]
    (h_closed : IsClosed (s : Set F)) (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (x : E)
    (h : ∀ k, p k (fun _ : Fin k => x) ∈ s) :
    p.sum x ∈ s :=
  tsum_mem h_closed h

/-- Given a formal multilinear series `p` and a vector `x`, then `p.partialSum n x` is the sum
`Σ pₖ xᵏ` for `k ∈ {0,..., n-1}`. -/
def partialSum (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (n : ℕ) (x : E) : F :=
  ∑ k ∈ Finset.range n, p k fun _ : Fin k => x

/-- The partial sums of a formal multilinear series are continuous. -/

Target:
theorem partialSum_continuous (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (n : ℕ) :
    Continuous (p.partialSum n) :=

Proof body:

[Assistant]
by
  unfold partialSum
  fun_prop

Prompt:
Return exactly one Lean proof body beginning with `by`. Do not emit prose, fences, declarations, sorry, admit, by?, or warnings.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.FormalMultilinearSeries
public import Mathlib.Analysis.SpecificLimits.Normed

Namespace:
FormalMultilinearSeries

Local context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2020 Sébastien Gouëzel. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Sébastien Gouëzel, Yury Kudryashov
-/
/-!
# Radius of convergence of a power series

This file introduces the notion of the radius of convergence of a power series.

## Main definitions

Let `p` be a formal multilinear series from `E` to `F`, i.e., `p n` is a multilinear map on `E^n`
for `n : ℕ`.

* `p.radius`: the largest `r : ℝ≥0∞` such that `‖p n‖ * r^n` grows subexponentially.
* `p.le_radius_of_bound`, `p.le_radius_of_bound_nnreal`, `p.le_radius_of_isBigO`: if `‖p n‖ * r ^ n`
  is bounded above, then `r ≤ p.radius`;
* `p.isLittleO_of_lt_radius`, `p.norm_mul_pow_le_mul_pow_of_lt_radius`,
  `p.isLittleO_one_of_lt_radius`,
  `p.norm_mul_pow_le_of_lt_radius`, `p.nnnorm_mul_pow_le_of_lt_radius`: if `r < p.radius`, then
  `‖p n‖ * r ^ n` tends to zero exponentially;
* `p.lt_radius_of_isBigO`: if `r ≠ 0` and `‖p n‖ * r ^ n = O(a ^ n)` for some `-1 < a < 1`, then
  `r < p.radius`;
* `p.partialSum n x`: the sum `∑_{i = 0}^{n-1} pᵢ xⁱ`.
* `p.sum x`: the sum `∑'_{i = 0}^{∞} pᵢ xⁱ`.

## Implementation details

We only introduce the radius of convergence of a power series, as `p.radius`.
For a power series in finitely many dimensions, there is a finer (directional, coordinate-dependent)
notion, describing the polydisk of convergence. This notion is more specific, and not necessary to
build the general theory. We do not define it here.
-/

@[expose] public section

noncomputable section

variable {𝕜 E F G : Type*}

open Topology NNReal Filter ENNReal Set Asymptotics
open scoped Pointwise

namespace FormalMultilinearSeries

variable [Semiring 𝕜] [AddCommMonoid E] [AddCommMonoid F] [Module 𝕜 E] [Module 𝕜 F]
variable [TopologicalSpace E] [TopologicalSpace F]
variable [ContinuousAdd E] [ContinuousAdd F]
variable [ContinuousConstSMul 𝕜 E] [ContinuousConstSMul 𝕜 F]

/-- Given a formal multilinear series `p` and a vector `x`, then `p.sum x` is the sum `Σ pₙ xⁿ`. A
priori, it only behaves well when `‖x‖ < p.radius`. -/
protected def sum (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (x : E) : F :=
  ∑' n : ℕ, p n fun _ => x

theorem sum_mem {S : Type*} {s : S} [SetLike S F] [AddSubmonoidClass S F]
    (h_closed : IsClosed (s : Set F)) (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (x : E)
    (h : ∀ k, p k (fun _ : Fin k => x) ∈ s) :
    p.sum x ∈ s :=
  tsum_mem h_closed h

/-- Given a formal multilinear series `p` and a vector `x`, then `p.partialSum n x` is the sum
`Σ pₖ xᵏ` for `k ∈ {0,..., n-1}`. -/
def partialSum (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (n : ℕ) (x : E) : F :=
  ∑ k ∈ Finset.range n, p k fun _ : Fin k => x

/-- The partial sums of a formal multilinear series are continuous. -/

Target:
theorem partialSum_continuous (p : FormalMultilinearSeries 𝕜 E F) (n : ℕ) :
    Continuous (p.partialSum n) :=

Proof body:


<LEAN_FILE>:80:43: error: unsolved goals
R : Type u_1
M₁ : Type u_3
M₂ : Type u_4
inst✝⁸ : CommRing R
inst✝⁷ : AddCommGroup M₁
inst✝⁶ : Module R M₁
inst✝⁵ : Module.Finite R M₁
inst✝⁴ : Free R M₁
inst✝³ : AddCommGroup M₂
inst✝² : Module R M₂
inst✝¹ : Module.Finite R M₂
inst✝ : Free R M₂
e : M₁ ≃ₗ[R] M₂
φ : End R M₁
⊢ False

Response:
by
  let b := chooseBasis R M₁
  rw [← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix φ b, ← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix (e.conj φ) (b.map e)]
  congr 1
  ext i j : 1
  simp [LinearMap.toMatrix]

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Charpoly.Basic
public import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Basis
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Finiteness.Prod

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2021 Riccardo Brasca. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Riccardo Brasca
-/
/-!

# Characteristic polynomial

## Main result

* `LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix f` : `charpoly f` is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix
  of `f` in any basis.

-/

public section

noncomputable section

open Module Free Polynomial Matrix

universe u v w

variable {R M M₁ M₂ : Type*} [CommRing R]
variable [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M] [Module.Free R M] [Module.Finite R M]
variable [AddCommGroup M₁] [Module R M₁] [Module.Finite R M₁] [Module.Free R M₁]
variable [AddCommGroup M₂] [Module R M₂] [Module.Finite R M₂] [Module.Free R M₂]
variable (f : M →ₗ[R] M)

namespace LinearMap

section Basic

/-- `charpoly f` is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of `f` in any basis. -/
@[simp]
theorem charpoly_toMatrix {ι : Type w} [DecidableEq ι] [Fintype ι] (b : Basis ι R M) :
    (toMatrix b b f).charpoly = f.charpoly := by
  nontriviality R
  unfold LinearMap.charpoly
  set b' := chooseBasis R M
  rw [← basis_toMatrix_mul_linearMap_toMatrix_mul_basis_toMatrix b b' b b']
  set P := b.toMatrix b'
  set A := toMatrix b' b' f
  set Q := b'.toMatrix b
  let e := Basis.indexEquiv b b'
  let ι' := ChooseBasisIndex R M
  let φ := reindexLinearEquiv R R e e
  let φ₁ := reindexLinearEquiv R R e (Equiv.refl ι')
  let φ₂ := reindexLinearEquiv R R (Equiv.refl ι') (Equiv.refl ι')
  let φ₃ := reindexLinearEquiv R R (Equiv.refl ι') e
  calc
    (P * A * Q).charpoly = (φ (P * A * Q)).charpoly := (charpoly_reindex ..).symm
    _ = (φ₁ P * φ₂ A * φ₃ Q).charpoly := by rw [reindexLinearEquiv_mul, reindexLinearEquiv_mul]
    _ = A.charpoly := by rw [charpoly_mul_comm, ← mul_assoc]; simp [P, Q, φ₁, φ₂, φ₃]

lemma charpoly_prodMap (f₁ : M₁ →ₗ[R] M₁) (f₂ : M₂ →ₗ[R] M₂) :
    (f₁.prodMap f₂).charpoly = f₁.charpoly * f₂.charpoly := by
  let b₁ := chooseBasis R M₁
  let b₂ := chooseBasis R M₂
  let b := b₁.prod b₂
  rw [← charpoly_toMatrix f₁ b₁, ← charpoly_toMatrix f₂ b₂, ← charpoly_toMatrix (f₁.prodMap f₂) b,
    toMatrix_prodMap b₁ b₂ f₁ f₂, Matrix.charpoly_fromBlocks_zero₁₂]

end Basic

end LinearMap

@[simp]

Target:
lemma LinearEquiv.charpoly_conj (e : M₁ ≃ₗ[R] M₂) (φ : Module.End R M₁) :
    (e.conj φ).charpoly = φ.charpoly :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_plan_42980b4ab1 : False := by
    skip
  let b := chooseBasis R M₁
  rw [← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix φ b, ← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix (e.conj φ) (b.map e)]
  congr 1
  ext i j : 1
  simp [LinearMap.toMatrix]

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unsolved_goals_multistep_planning", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:80:43: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u_1\nM₁ : Type u_3\nM₂ : Type u_4\ninst✝⁸ : CommRing R\ninst✝⁷ : AddCommGroup M₁\ninst✝⁶ : Module R M₁\ninst✝⁵ : Module.Finite R M₁\ninst✝⁴ : Free R M₁\ninst✝³ : AddCommGroup M₂\ninst✝² : Module R M₂\ninst✝¹ : Module.Finite R M₂\ninst✝ : Free R M₂\ne : M₁ ≃ₗ[R] M₂\nφ : End R M₁\n⊢ False", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  let b := chooseBasis R M₁
  rw [← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix φ b, ← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix (e.conj φ) (b.map e)]
  congr 1
  ext i j : 1
  simp [LinearMap.toMatrix]

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Charpoly.Basic
public import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.Basis
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Finiteness.Prod

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2021 Riccardo Brasca. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Riccardo Brasca
-/
/-!

# Characteristic polynomial

## Main result

* `LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix f` : `charpoly f` is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix
  of `f` in any basis.

-/

public section

noncomputable section

open Module Free Polynomial Matrix

universe u v w

variable {R M M₁ M₂ : Type*} [CommRing R]
variable [AddCommGroup M] [Module R M] [Module.Free R M] [Module.Finite R M]
variable [AddCommGroup M₁] [Module R M₁] [Module.Finite R M₁] [Module.Free R M₁]
variable [AddCommGroup M₂] [Module R M₂] [Module.Finite R M₂] [Module.Free R M₂]
variable (f : M →ₗ[R] M)

namespace LinearMap

section Basic

/-- `charpoly f` is the characteristic polynomial of the matrix of `f` in any basis. -/
@[simp]
theorem charpoly_toMatrix {ι : Type w} [DecidableEq ι] [Fintype ι] (b : Basis ι R M) :
    (toMatrix b b f).charpoly = f.charpoly := by
  nontriviality R
  unfold LinearMap.charpoly
  set b' := chooseBasis R M
  rw [← basis_toMatrix_mul_linearMap_toMatrix_mul_basis_toMatrix b b' b b']
  set P := b.toMatrix b'
  set A := toMatrix b' b' f
  set Q := b'.toMatrix b
  let e := Basis.indexEquiv b b'
  let ι' := ChooseBasisIndex R M
  let φ := reindexLinearEquiv R R e e
  let φ₁ := reindexLinearEquiv R R e (Equiv.refl ι')
  let φ₂ := reindexLinearEquiv R R (Equiv.refl ι') (Equiv.refl ι')
  let φ₃ := reindexLinearEquiv R R (Equiv.refl ι') e
  calc
    (P * A * Q).charpoly = (φ (P * A * Q)).charpoly := (charpoly_reindex ..).symm
    _ = (φ₁ P * φ₂ A * φ₃ Q).charpoly := by rw [reindexLinearEquiv_mul, reindexLinearEquiv_mul]
    _ = A.charpoly := by rw [charpoly_mul_comm, ← mul_assoc]; simp [P, Q, φ₁, φ₂, φ₃]

lemma charpoly_prodMap (f₁ : M₁ →ₗ[R] M₁) (f₂ : M₂ →ₗ[R] M₂) :
    (f₁.prodMap f₂).charpoly = f₁.charpoly * f₂.charpoly := by
  let b₁ := chooseBasis R M₁
  let b₂ := chooseBasis R M₂
  let b := b₁.prod b₂
  rw [← charpoly_toMatrix f₁ b₁, ← charpoly_toMatrix f₂ b₂, ← charpoly_toMatrix (f₁.prodMap f₂) b,
    toMatrix_prodMap b₁ b₂ f₁ f₂, Matrix.charpoly_fromBlocks_zero₁₂]

end Basic

end LinearMap

@[simp]

Target:
lemma LinearEquiv.charpoly_conj (e : M₁ ≃ₗ[R] M₂) (φ : Module.End R M₁) :
    (e.conj φ).charpoly = φ.charpoly :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_plan_42980b4ab1 : False := by
    skip
  let b := chooseBasis R M₁
  rw [← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix φ b, ← LinearMap.charpoly_toMatrix (e.conj φ) (b.map e)]
  congr 1
  ext i j : 1
  simp [LinearMap.toMatrix]

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unsolved_goals_multistep_planning", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:80:43: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u_1\nM₁ : Type u_3\nM₂ : Type u_4\ninst✝⁸ : CommRing R\ninst✝⁷ : AddCommGroup M₁\ninst✝⁶ : Module R M₁\ninst✝⁵ : Module.Finite R M₁\ninst✝⁴ : Free R M₁\ninst✝³ : AddCommGroup M₂\ninst✝² : Module R M₂\ninst✝¹ : Module.Finite R M₂\ninst✝ : Free R M₂\ne : M₁ ≃ₗ[R] M₂\nφ : End R M₁\n⊢ False", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_abf7cbcfa3`
<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals
S : Type u_1
inst✝³ : CommRing S
q : Ideal S
R : Type u_2
inst✝² : CommRing R
inst✝¹ : Algebra R S
hq : q.IsPrime
inst✝ : Module.Finite R S
⊢ 0 < q.inertiaDeg' R

Response:
by
  let := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
  rw [inertiaDeg'_def]
  apply Module.finrank_pos

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.NumberTheory.RamificationInertia.Inertia
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.QuasiFinite.Basic

Namespace:
Ideal

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2026 Thomas Browning. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Thomas Browning
-/
/-!
# Inertia degree

Given a prime ideal `q` of an `R`-algebra `S`, the inertia degree of `q` over `R` is defined
to be the degree of the residue field of `q` over the residue field of its preimage `p` in `R`.

## Main definitions

* `Ideal.inertiaDeg' q R`: The inertia degree of `q` over `R`.

## Main statements

* `inertiaDeg_eq_inertiaDeg'`: The inertia degree agrees with the usual definition in the case of
  maximal ideals.
* `inertiaDeg'_tower`: Inertia degree is multiplicative in towers.
-/

@[expose] public section

namespace Ideal

section

variable {S : Type*} [CommRing S] (q : Ideal S) (R : Type*) [CommRing R] [Algebra R S]

open Classical in
/-- Given a prime ideal `q` of an `R`-algebra `S`, the inertia degree of `q` over `R` is defined
to be the degree of the residue field of `q` over the residue field of its preimage `p` in `R`.

When `q` is not prime, we use a junk value of `0`.

This will eventually replace the existing definition of `Ideal.inertiaDeg`. -/
noncomputable def inertiaDeg' : ℕ :=
  if _ : q.IsPrime then
    letI := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
    Module.finrank (q.under R).ResidueField q.ResidueField else 0

theorem inertiaDeg'_def [hq : q.IsPrime]
    [Algebra (Localization.AtPrime (q.under R)) (Localization.AtPrime q)]
    [Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra (q.under R) q] :
    q.inertiaDeg' R = Module.finrank (q.under R).ResidueField q.ResidueField := by
  convert! dif_pos hq
  simp [Algebra.algebra_ext_iff, Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra.algebraMap_eq]

theorem inertiaDeg'_of_not_isPrime (hq : ¬ q.IsPrime) : q.inertiaDeg' R = 0 :=
  dif_neg hq

Target:
theorem inertiaDeg'_pos [hq : q.IsPrime] [Module.Finite R S] : 0 < q.inertiaDeg' R :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_pad_0_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_1_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_2_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_3_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_4_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_5_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_6_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_7_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_8_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_9_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_10_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_11_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_12_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_13_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_14_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_15_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_16_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_17_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_18_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_19_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_20_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_21_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_22_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_23_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_fail_abf7cbcfa3 := __oprover_overlong_abf7cbcfa3
  let := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
  rw [inertiaDeg'_def]
  apply Module.finrank_pos

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_abf7cbcfa3`\n<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals\nS : Type u_1\ninst✝³ : CommRing S\nq : Ideal S\nR : Type u_2\ninst✝² : CommRing R\ninst✝¹ : Algebra R S\nhq : q.IsPrime\ninst✝ : Module.Finite R S\n⊢ 0 < q.inertiaDeg' R", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  let := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
  rw [inertiaDeg'_def]
  apply Module.finrank_pos

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.NumberTheory.RamificationInertia.Inertia
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.QuasiFinite.Basic

Namespace:
Ideal

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2026 Thomas Browning. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Thomas Browning
-/
/-!
# Inertia degree

Given a prime ideal `q` of an `R`-algebra `S`, the inertia degree of `q` over `R` is defined
to be the degree of the residue field of `q` over the residue field of its preimage `p` in `R`.

## Main definitions

* `Ideal.inertiaDeg' q R`: The inertia degree of `q` over `R`.

## Main statements

* `inertiaDeg_eq_inertiaDeg'`: The inertia degree agrees with the usual definition in the case of
  maximal ideals.
* `inertiaDeg'_tower`: Inertia degree is multiplicative in towers.
-/

@[expose] public section

namespace Ideal

section

variable {S : Type*} [CommRing S] (q : Ideal S) (R : Type*) [CommRing R] [Algebra R S]

open Classical in
/-- Given a prime ideal `q` of an `R`-algebra `S`, the inertia degree of `q` over `R` is defined
to be the degree of the residue field of `q` over the residue field of its preimage `p` in `R`.

When `q` is not prime, we use a junk value of `0`.

This will eventually replace the existing definition of `Ideal.inertiaDeg`. -/
noncomputable def inertiaDeg' : ℕ :=
  if _ : q.IsPrime then
    letI := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
    Module.finrank (q.under R).ResidueField q.ResidueField else 0

theorem inertiaDeg'_def [hq : q.IsPrime]
    [Algebra (Localization.AtPrime (q.under R)) (Localization.AtPrime q)]
    [Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra (q.under R) q] :
    q.inertiaDeg' R = Module.finrank (q.under R).ResidueField q.ResidueField := by
  convert! dif_pos hq
  simp [Algebra.algebra_ext_iff, Localization.AtPrime.IsLiesOverAlgebra.algebraMap_eq]

theorem inertiaDeg'_of_not_isPrime (hq : ¬ q.IsPrime) : q.inertiaDeg' R = 0 :=
  dif_neg hq

Target:
theorem inertiaDeg'_pos [hq : q.IsPrime] [Module.Finite R S] : 0 < q.inertiaDeg' R :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_pad_0_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_1_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_2_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_3_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_4_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_5_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_6_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_7_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_8_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_9_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_10_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_11_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_12_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_13_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_14_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_15_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_16_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_17_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_18_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_19_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_20_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_21_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_22_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_23_abf7cbcfa3 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_fail_abf7cbcfa3 := __oprover_overlong_abf7cbcfa3
  let := Localization.AtPrime.algebraOfLiesOver (q.under R) q
  rw [inertiaDeg'_def]
  apply Module.finrank_pos

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_abf7cbcfa3`\n<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals\nS : Type u_1\ninst✝³ : CommRing S\nq : Ideal S\nR : Type u_2\ninst✝² : CommRing R\ninst✝¹ : Algebra R S\nhq : q.IsPrime\ninst✝ : Module.Finite R S\n⊢ 0 < q.inertiaDeg' R", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


<LEAN_FILE>:91:30: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `OProverMissing5b2df641c2.value`
<LEAN_FILE>:90:0: error: unsolved goals
R : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring R
inst✝ : Nontrivial R
x : R
hx : IsUnit x
⊢ ¬IsNilpotent x

Response:
by
  intro H
  simpa using H.isUnit_add_right_of_commute hx.neg (by simp)

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Finprod
public import Mathlib.Algebra.FiniteSupport.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.Action.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.NonZeroDivisors
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Ring.GeomSum
public import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Sum
public import Mathlib.Order.Lattice.Nat
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Defs

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2021 Oliver Nash. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Oliver Nash
-/
/-!
# Nilpotent elements

This file develops the basic theory of nilpotent elements. In particular it shows that the
nilpotent elements are closed under many operations.

For the definition of `nilradical`, see `Mathlib/RingTheory/Nilpotent/Lemmas.lean`.

## Main definitions

  * `isNilpotent_neg_iff`
  * `Commute.isNilpotent_add`
  * `Commute.isNilpotent_sub`

-/

public section

universe u v

open Function Set

variable {R S : Type*} {x y : R}

theorem IsNilpotent.neg [Ring R] (h : IsNilpotent x) : IsNilpotent (-x) := by
  obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := h
  use n
  rw [neg_pow, hn, mul_zero]

@[simp]
theorem isNilpotent_neg_iff [Ring R] : IsNilpotent (-x) ↔ IsNilpotent x :=
  ⟨fun h => neg_neg x ▸ h.neg, fun h => h.neg⟩

lemma IsNilpotent.smul [MonoidWithZero R] [MonoidWithZero S] [MulActionWithZero R S]
    [SMulCommClass R S S] [IsScalarTower R S S] {a : S} (ha : IsNilpotent a) (t : R) :
    IsNilpotent (t • a) := by
  obtain ⟨k, ha⟩ := ha
  use k
  rw [smul_pow, ha, smul_zero]

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_sub_one [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (r - 1) := by
  obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := hnil
  refine ⟨⟨r - 1, -∑ i ∈ Finset.range n, r ^ i, ?_, ?_⟩, rfl⟩
  · simp [mul_geom_sum, hn]
  · simp [geom_sum_mul, hn]

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_sub [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (1 - r) := by
  rw [← IsUnit.neg_iff, neg_sub]
  exact isUnit_sub_one hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_one [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (r + 1) := by
  rw [← IsUnit.neg_iff, neg_add']
  exact isUnit_sub_one hnil.neg

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_add [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (1 + r) :=
  add_comm r 1 ▸ isUnit_add_one hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_left_of_commute [Ring R] {r u : R}
    (hnil : IsNilpotent r) (hu : IsUnit u) (h_comm : Commute r u) :
    IsUnit (u + r) := by
  rw [← Units.isUnit_mul_units _ hu.unit⁻¹, add_mul, IsUnit.mul_val_inv]
  replace h_comm : Commute r (↑hu.unit⁻¹) := Commute.units_inv_right h_comm
  refine IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_add ?_
  exact (hu.unit⁻¹.isUnit.isNilpotent_mul_unit_of_commute_iff h_comm).mpr hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_right_of_commute [Ring R] {r u : R}
    (hnil : IsNilpotent r) (hu : IsUnit u) (h_comm : Commute r u) :
    IsUnit (r + u) :=
  add_comm r u ▸ hnil.isUnit_add_left_of_commute hu h_comm

Target:
lemma IsUnit.not_isNilpotent [Ring R] [Nontrivial R] {x : R} (hx : IsUnit x) :
    ¬ IsNilpotent x :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_5b2df641c2 := OProverMissing5b2df641c2.value
  intro H
  simpa using H.isUnit_add_right_of_commute hx.neg (by simp)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:91:30: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `OProverMissing5b2df641c2.value`\n<LEAN_FILE>:90:0: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u_1\ninst✝¹ : Ring R\ninst✝ : Nontrivial R\nx : R\nhx : IsUnit x\n⊢ ¬IsNilpotent x", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  intro H
  simpa using H.isUnit_add_right_of_commute hx.neg (by simp)

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.BigOperators.Finprod
public import Mathlib.Algebra.FiniteSupport.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.Action.Defs
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.NonZeroDivisors
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Ring.GeomSum
public import Mathlib.Data.Nat.Choose.Sum
public import Mathlib.Order.Lattice.Nat
public import Mathlib.RingTheory.Nilpotent.Defs

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2021 Oliver Nash. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Oliver Nash
-/
/-!
# Nilpotent elements

This file develops the basic theory of nilpotent elements. In particular it shows that the
nilpotent elements are closed under many operations.

For the definition of `nilradical`, see `Mathlib/RingTheory/Nilpotent/Lemmas.lean`.

## Main definitions

  * `isNilpotent_neg_iff`
  * `Commute.isNilpotent_add`
  * `Commute.isNilpotent_sub`

-/

public section

universe u v

open Function Set

variable {R S : Type*} {x y : R}

theorem IsNilpotent.neg [Ring R] (h : IsNilpotent x) : IsNilpotent (-x) := by
  obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := h
  use n
  rw [neg_pow, hn, mul_zero]

@[simp]
theorem isNilpotent_neg_iff [Ring R] : IsNilpotent (-x) ↔ IsNilpotent x :=
  ⟨fun h => neg_neg x ▸ h.neg, fun h => h.neg⟩

lemma IsNilpotent.smul [MonoidWithZero R] [MonoidWithZero S] [MulActionWithZero R S]
    [SMulCommClass R S S] [IsScalarTower R S S] {a : S} (ha : IsNilpotent a) (t : R) :
    IsNilpotent (t • a) := by
  obtain ⟨k, ha⟩ := ha
  use k
  rw [smul_pow, ha, smul_zero]

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_sub_one [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (r - 1) := by
  obtain ⟨n, hn⟩ := hnil
  refine ⟨⟨r - 1, -∑ i ∈ Finset.range n, r ^ i, ?_, ?_⟩, rfl⟩
  · simp [mul_geom_sum, hn]
  · simp [geom_sum_mul, hn]

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_sub [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (1 - r) := by
  rw [← IsUnit.neg_iff, neg_sub]
  exact isUnit_sub_one hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_one [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (r + 1) := by
  rw [← IsUnit.neg_iff, neg_add']
  exact isUnit_sub_one hnil.neg

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_add [Ring R] {r : R} (hnil : IsNilpotent r) : IsUnit (1 + r) :=
  add_comm r 1 ▸ isUnit_add_one hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_left_of_commute [Ring R] {r u : R}
    (hnil : IsNilpotent r) (hu : IsUnit u) (h_comm : Commute r u) :
    IsUnit (u + r) := by
  rw [← Units.isUnit_mul_units _ hu.unit⁻¹, add_mul, IsUnit.mul_val_inv]
  replace h_comm : Commute r (↑hu.unit⁻¹) := Commute.units_inv_right h_comm
  refine IsNilpotent.isUnit_one_add ?_
  exact (hu.unit⁻¹.isUnit.isNilpotent_mul_unit_of_commute_iff h_comm).mpr hnil

theorem IsNilpotent.isUnit_add_right_of_commute [Ring R] {r u : R}
    (hnil : IsNilpotent r) (hu : IsUnit u) (h_comm : Commute r u) :
    IsUnit (r + u) :=
  add_comm r u ▸ hnil.isUnit_add_left_of_commute hu h_comm

Target:
lemma IsUnit.not_isNilpotent [Ring R] [Nontrivial R] {x : R} (hx : IsUnit x) :
    ¬ IsNilpotent x :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_5b2df641c2 := OProverMissing5b2df641c2.value
  intro H
  simpa using H.isUnit_add_right_of_commute hx.neg (by simp)

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:91:30: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `OProverMissing5b2df641c2.value`\n<LEAN_FILE>:90:0: error: unsolved goals\nR : Type u_1\ninst✝¹ : Ring R\ninst✝ : Nontrivial R\nx : R\nhx : IsUnit x\n⊢ ¬IsNilpotent x", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:


<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_44ac4b12e0`
<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals
M : Type u_1
N : Type u_2
inst✝³ : CommMonoidWithZero M
inst✝² : CommMonoidWithZero N
p : M
E : Type u_5
inst✝¹ : EquivLike E M N
inst✝ : MulEquivClass E M N
e : E
⊢ Prime (e p) ↔ Prime p

Response:
by
  let e := MulEquivClass.toMulEquiv e
  exact ⟨comap_prime e e.symm fun a => by simp,
    fun h => (comap_prime e.symm e fun a => by simp) <| (e.symm_apply_apply p).substr h⟩

[User]
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Divisibility.Hom
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Group.Irreducible.Lemmas
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.Equiv
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Prime.Defs
public import Mathlib.Order.Monotone.Defs

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2018 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Jens Wagemaker
-/
/-!
# Associated, prime, and irreducible elements.

In this file we define the predicate `Prime p`
saying that an element of a commutative monoid with zero is prime.
Namely, `Prime p` means that `p` isn't zero, it isn't a unit,
and `p ∣ a * b → p ∣ a ∨ p ∣ b` for all `a`, `b`;

In decomposition monoids (e.g., `ℕ`, `ℤ`), this predicate is equivalent to `Irreducible`,
however this is not true in general.

We also define an equivalence relation `Associated`
saying that two elements of a monoid differ by a multiplication by a unit.
Then we show that the quotient type `Associates` is a monoid
and prove basic properties of this quotient.
-/

public section

assert_not_exists IsOrderedMonoid Multiset

variable {M N : Type*}

section Prime

variable [CommMonoidWithZero M]

section Map

variable [CommMonoidWithZero N] {F : Type*} {G : Type*} [FunLike F M N]
variable [MonoidWithZeroHomClass F M N] [FunLike G N M] [MulHomClass G N M]
variable (f : F) (g : G) {p : M}

theorem comap_prime (hinv : ∀ a, g (f a : N) = a) (hp : Prime (f p)) : Prime p :=
  ⟨fun h => hp.1 <| by simp [h], fun h => hp.2.1 <| h.map f, fun a b h => by
    refine
        (hp.2.2 (f a) (f b) <| by
              convert! map_dvd f h
              simp).imp
          ?_ ?_ <;>
      · intro h
        convert! ← map_dvd g h <;> apply hinv⟩

Target:
theorem MulEquiv.prime_iff {E : Type*} [EquivLike E M N] [MulEquivClass E M N] (e : E) :
    Prime (e p) ↔ Prime p :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_pad_0_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_1_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_2_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_3_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_4_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_5_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_6_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_7_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_8_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_9_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_10_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_11_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_12_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_13_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_14_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_15_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_16_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_17_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_18_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_19_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_20_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_21_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_22_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_23_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_fail_44ac4b12e0 := __oprover_overlong_44ac4b12e0
  let e := MulEquivClass.toMulEquiv e
  exact ⟨comap_prime e e.symm fun a => by simp,
    fun h => (comap_prime e.symm e fun a => by simp) <| (e.symm_apply_apply p).substr h⟩

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_44ac4b12e0`\n<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals\nM : Type u_1\nN : Type u_2\ninst✝³ : CommMonoidWithZero M\ninst✝² : CommMonoidWithZero N\np : M\nE : Type u_5\ninst✝¹ : EquivLike E M N\ninst✝ : MulEquivClass E M N\ne : E\n⊢ Prime (e p) ↔ Prime p", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof:

[Assistant]
by
  let e := MulEquivClass.toMulEquiv e
  exact ⟨comap_prime e e.symm fun a => by simp,
    fun h => (comap_prime e.symm e fun a => by simp) <| (e.symm_apply_apply p).substr h⟩

Prompt:
Repair the failed Lean proof using the exact public context below. Return only one corrected proof body beginning with `by`; no prose or fences.

Imports:
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Divisibility.Hom
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Group.Irreducible.Lemmas
public import Mathlib.Algebra.GroupWithZero.Equiv
public import Mathlib.Algebra.Prime.Defs
public import Mathlib.Order.Monotone.Defs

Namespace:
(root)

Local safe context:
/-
Copyright (c) 2018 Johannes Hölzl. All rights reserved.
Released under Apache 2.0 license as described in the file LICENSE.
Authors: Johannes Hölzl, Jens Wagemaker
-/
/-!
# Associated, prime, and irreducible elements.

In this file we define the predicate `Prime p`
saying that an element of a commutative monoid with zero is prime.
Namely, `Prime p` means that `p` isn't zero, it isn't a unit,
and `p ∣ a * b → p ∣ a ∨ p ∣ b` for all `a`, `b`;

In decomposition monoids (e.g., `ℕ`, `ℤ`), this predicate is equivalent to `Irreducible`,
however this is not true in general.

We also define an equivalence relation `Associated`
saying that two elements of a monoid differ by a multiplication by a unit.
Then we show that the quotient type `Associates` is a monoid
and prove basic properties of this quotient.
-/

public section

assert_not_exists IsOrderedMonoid Multiset

variable {M N : Type*}

section Prime

variable [CommMonoidWithZero M]

section Map

variable [CommMonoidWithZero N] {F : Type*} {G : Type*} [FunLike F M N]
variable [MonoidWithZeroHomClass F M N] [FunLike G N M] [MulHomClass G N M]
variable (f : F) (g : G) {p : M}

theorem comap_prime (hinv : ∀ a, g (f a : N) = a) (hp : Prime (f p)) : Prime p :=
  ⟨fun h => hp.1 <| by simp [h], fun h => hp.2.1 <| h.map f, fun a b h => by
    refine
        (hp.2.2 (f a) (f b) <| by
              convert! map_dvd f h
              simp).imp
          ?_ ?_ <;>
      · intro h
        convert! ← map_dvd g h <;> apply hinv⟩

Target:
theorem MulEquiv.prime_iff {E : Type*} [EquivLike E M N] [MulEquivClass E M N] (e : E) :
    Prime (e p) ↔ Prime p :=

Failed candidate:
by
  have __repair_pad_0_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_1_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_2_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_3_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_4_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_5_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_6_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_7_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_8_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_9_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_10_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_11_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_12_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_13_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_14_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_15_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_16_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_17_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_18_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_19_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_20_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_21_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_22_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_pad_23_44ac4b12e0 : True := by trivial
  have __repair_fail_44ac4b12e0 := __oprover_overlong_44ac4b12e0
  let e := MulEquivClass.toMulEquiv e
  exact ⟨comap_prime e e.symm fun a => by simp,
    fun h => (comap_prime e.symm e fun a => by simp) <| (e.symm_apply_apply p).substr h⟩

Structured Lean error:
{"kind": "unknown_identifier_namespace_import", "message": "<LEAN_FILE>:84:35: error(lean.unknownIdentifier): Unknown identifier `__oprover_overlong_44ac4b12e0`\n<LEAN_FILE>:59:0: error: unsolved goals\nM : Type u_1\nN : Type u_2\ninst✝³ : CommMonoidWithZero M\ninst✝² : CommMonoidWithZero N\np : M\nE : Type u_5\ninst✝¹ : EquivLike E M N\ninst✝ : MulEquivClass E M N\ne : E\n⊢ Prime (e p) ↔ Prime p", "returncode": 1}

Corrected proof: